NOTES AND QUERIES:
of intn-*Comntumiatfott
FOB
LITERARY MEN, GENERAL REAPERS, ETC.
When found, make a note of." — CAHTAIN C TITLE '
FOURTH SERIES. —VOLUME FIRST.
JANUARY — JUNE 1868.
LONDON
PUBLISHED AT THE
OFFICE, 43 WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C.
1868.
AC
LIBRARY
72811B
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
4«»S. I. JAX. V68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1868.
CONTEXTS.— N' 1. Our Fourth Series, 1.
NOTES: — The Caricatures of Samuel Ward of Ipswich,!
— Thomas Churchyard and the Romance of " 1-ortuna- tus" 2 — George Turbervile: a New- Year Gift, 3 — The Author of " The Cherrie and the Slae," and his Descen- dants, 4 — Ancient Drinking-Glass. 7 — "A True aud \dinirable Historic of a Mayden of Confolens, ic., /&.— Lambeth Library and its Librarians, 9 — I1 oik-Lore: Su- perstitions — Irish Folk-Lore — Names retaining their Ancient Sound — The Madonna della Sedia (after Raf- faelle) by many Engravers — First Turkish Newspaper in London — Scripture Baptismal Names — Lines by Dr. Henrv King — Baker's "History of Northampton- shire," 10.
QUERIES: — William Caxton, 11 — "Adeste Fideles" — Anglicafl Episcopate— Consistory Courts, Ac. — Ucin- dehe— The Creea and Lord's Prayer — Dryden Queries — Baling School — Every Thing, Every Body — Faustus' Con- juring Book — Greyhound — Bishop Home — Hurstmon- ceaux Tombs, &c. — Job's Disease — George Lockey — Mar- riage License— Admiral Motilton — Rudoe : Defameden : Eire — Silbury Hill — Sisyphus and his Stone — Three Eclipses — Wednesday, 12.
QUERIES WITH ANSWERS: — Sir Henry Cavendish's "De- bates " — Merchant Taylors' Company — Tom Paine's Bones— Arms of Canterbury — The Hundred Rolls — W. M. Thackeray's Portrait, 15.
REPLIES: — Eobanus, 16 — Writing known to Pindar: a Homeric Society Suggested, 18— Dances mentioned in Sel- den's " Table-Talk " — Naval Sonsrs — " Ultima Ratio Regum "—An Etching Query — The Silent Woman — Louis XIV". and Chevalier d'Ishington — Aggas's Map of London, 1500— Execution of Louis XVI. — Latten or Bronze
— Letters of Gottlieb Bchick — Spanish Dollars — The Champion Whip — Medical Query— British Museum Dup- licates—Prophecy of Louis-Philippe — James Keir, F.R.8., Ac., 18.
Notes on Books &c.
OUR FOURTH SERIES.
•• fimm Nauta mniiiini notiu Cutleui habtbut, 1'ilius at centum monibus complectitur orbem."
E. I,. 8.
After eighteen years of, we hope, increasing usefulness, and, we gratefully acknowledge, of increasing public fa- vour, we are preparing to give an account of our recent stewardship in the shape of a General Index to our Third Series ; and in the meantime we invite the attention of our Friends and Readers to the Series which is here com- menced.
In doing so we are specially gratified at being able to point to the various interesting papers in the following pages by those old and valued friends who contributed to our opening number in November, 1849 — who lent the bantling a helping hand when he first tried to walk alone, and now are ready to stand by him, as he does his best to keep the crown of the causeway. We grate- fully acknowledge their long-continued kindness, and the more so, that we regard it as evidence of their recognition of our endeavour to maintain the principle that all dis- cussions in NOTES AND QUERIES shall be carried on in a catholic, courteous, and friendly spirit, and of their willingness, when we fail, to
" Piece out our imperfections with their thought!." But this proud retrospect is not unalloyed with deep
regrets, as our thoughts turn to those who have dropped one by one from our side as we have journeyed to our present stand-point. Must we not at such a moment re- member what we owe to that profound scholar and learned divine, who wrote our opening address, and contributed so largely to our early numbers — to that acute critic and unflinching advocate of truth, who has in our columns thrown so much light on our secret history, both literary and political — to that distinguished scholar and states- man, whose articles in NOTES AND QUERIES may be numbered by hundreds, and whose last literary essay ap- peared in its pages ?
Were we at a moment like the present to forget these, and the many other kind friends who have helped to make us what we are, we should ill deserve a continu- ance of that encouragement and assistance, without which NOTKS AND QUERIES would lose all its usefulness — encouragement which we are happy to say we receive at all hands — assistance which is still so liberally pro- mised us, that we feel we are holding out no unfounded expectation when we declare our belief that, like good wine, NOTES AND QUERIES will improve with age (and our own experience), and that our FOURTH SKRIKS will be found to be an excellent vintage.
THE CARICATURES OF SAMUEL WARD OF IPSWICH.
One example of the talent of this celebrated preacher as an emblematist or caricaturist has been the subject of frequent comment in the pages of " N. & Q." On that one occasion, and on that only, does he appear to have exercised his satirical ta- lent upon a subject which may be termed political. Bv so doing he gave great offence in high quarters. He represented, as I gather from the descriptions of the picture given in your pages and elsewhere, the Pope and his Council in the centre of the pic- ture, and beneath, on one side the Armada, and 011 the other the Gunpowder Treason. The print was published in 1621, when Gondomarwasin England as Spanish Ambassador. He complained of it as insulting to his master ; and Ward, whose name was engraved upon the print as the designer, was thereupon sent for by a messenger. After ex- amination by the Council, he was remitted to the custody of the messenger. I have lately seen two petitions of his, presented whilst he remained in custody, which have relation to this affair, and have never, I believe, been published. One of them gives some additional particulars respecting the history of his caricature, and both seem worthy of a place in " N. & Q." The first was addressed to the Council, apparently very shortly after Ward had been before them, and whilst he seems to have expected that there would be some proceed- ings against him in the Star-Chamber : —
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
. I/JAN. 4, '68.
M To the Right honorable the Lords of his Majesties most honorable Privy Councell.
" The humble Petition of Samuell Warde.
" Whereas hee was charged with three Articles before your Lordships, whereunto hee hopeth hee hath given a »3tisfactorie answere, and doth in all things most humbly submitt himselfe to your Lordships.
" Hee doth in all submissive manner beseech your Lordships that hee may be discharged from legall and expensive proceedings, and dismissed to the attendance on his charge, promising to be more cautelous for the future, and ever to pray to God," &c.
It was probably intimated to him in reply to this petition, that he had given special offence to his majesty, who deemed the publication of the caricature to be an endeavour to excite in the country an anti- Spanish feeling, and thus to thwart the royal policy, which at that time aimed at alliance and union with Spain. Ward then addressed King James in the following words : —
" To the Kings most excellent Majesty. " The humble petition of Samuel Ward, committed • for publishing the picture of '88 and November the 5th.
" Humblie shewing that this embleme was by him composed, the english verses excepted, and some other addicion of the Printers, five yeeres since, in imitacion of auntient rites grateful^ preserving the memories of ex- traordinaric favors and deliverances in Coines, Arches, and such like monuments, sent nigh a yeere since to the printers, coupling the two grand blessings of God to this nation, which Divines daylie ioynein their thanksgivings publique, without anie other sinister intcncion, especiallic of meddling in any of your Majesties secrett affaires : of which at the tyme of the publishing your petitioner was altogether ignorant, and yet heares nothing but by un- certaine reportes As hee lookes for mercie of God and to bee pertaker of your Ro}'all clemency.
" May it therefore please your most excellent Majesty to accept of this declaration of your petitioners sinccritie, and after his close and chargable restraint, to restore him againe to the exercise of his funccion, wherein your peticioner as formerlie will most faithfully and fervently recommend both your person and intencions to the spe- ciall direccion and blessing of the KINO OF KINGS."
The soft-hearted monarch was probably mol- lified by this appeal. Ward was released, and re- turned to Ipswich, where he never again meddled with Pope or King of Spain, but confined his talents in that way to the ornamentation of the title-pages of his published sermons. His con- trast of the Old Times and the New on the title- page of his Woe to Drunkards (Lond. 8vo, 1635), ought to be reckoned among emblems or carica- tures, but does not seem to have been so regarded by writers on those branches of pictorial illustra- tion. It is in two compartments. In the upper, entitled " Thus of Old," there is the muscular leg, and the foot firmly fixed in the stirrup, and armed with a powerful spur ; and opposite are a mailed arm, and a gauntleted hand grasping a lance ; with an open book in the centre of the compartment. In the lower compartment, entitled " Thus Now," there is a dwarfed leg and a slip- pered foot, the former ornamented with ribands
fringed with lace, and the latter with a rosette ; the arm, no longer mailed, is set forth by a laced cuff, and the hand holds a lighted pipe and a cup in which lurks a cockatrice. Between the leg and the hand, cards and dice occupy the place of the open book.
Such pictorial illustration, which tells a whole history at a glance, probably helped to sell his books, and thus to add to that great influence which he exercised throughout the eastern coun- ties of England until he fell into the iron grasp of Bishop Wren and Archbishop Laud.
JOHN BRUCE. ,
5, Upper Gloucester Street, Dorset Square.
THOMAS CHURCHYARD AND THE ROMANCE
OF "FORTUNATUS."
It is known from his True Discourse historical! of the succeeding Governors in the Netherlands, 1602, and from other sources, that Thomas Churchyard served for some time during 1586, 1586, and 1687 in the wars of the Low Countries ; and, as he was always fond of writing, he even then kept his pen employed. Among his other acquirements he learned Dutch or German ; and while abroad he translated, or, as he terms it, "abstracted " the romance of Fortunatus, which had its origin on the Continent. When he returned to England he brought his manuscript with him, and pub- lished it under his initials " T. C.," which, before and afterwards, he prefixed to not a few of his productions, whether in prose or verse : The right pleasant and variable Histon/ of Fortunatus thus made its first appearance in English as "ab- stracted by T. C." The popularity of the romance was so great, that it became the foundation of a most celebrated play by Thomas Dekker, which was purchased by Henslowe for his theatre in 1599, and came out in a printed shape in 1600. There seems to have been even an older drama upon the subject, which had been acted in 1695, and of which it is most likely that Dekker availed himself; and hence we may be led to conclude that Churchyard's prose narrative had come out before 1595. Be that as it may, it is singular that, often and often as it must have been reprinted in the interval, the oldest known copy of the romance bears date about eighty years afterwards, and that has only very recently been discovered. It was then, as the title-page shows, " Printed by A. Purslow for George Saubridge, at the sign of the Bible on Luddgate Hill, near Fleet-Bridge 1676." 12mo.
Many later impressions published by " J. Blare on London Bridge," &c. are extant, but that of 1676 seems to be the only one which has pre- served two copies of verses by Churchyard: at later dates it was, perhaps, not thought neces- sary to reprint them, because, as the price of
. I. JAX. 4, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
the chap-book was only twopence, the publisher seems to have fancied that the expense of adding the four pages might be avoided. Both pieces are highly characteristic of Churchyard, the first being headed " The Moral Documents and Consi- derations which are to be noted in this Book," and the other " The Sum and Argument" of the whole story. In the last, consisting of fifty-six lines, the old poet, with much ingenuity, com- presses all the main incidents ; but as the former is quite in his style of versification and reflection, and as neither has ever been hitherto noticed, perhaps it may be thought worth while here to subjoin "the moral documents" which Church- yard deduced from his narrative : —
"How careless youth, to pleasure bent,
when wealth doth flow at will, Till raging riot all hath spent, they never have their fill.
" How falshoocl, wrought by flattery,
the simple doth assail, * When spite with open enmity by no means can prevail.
" How bankrouts pincht with poverty,
when grace is not their stay, Do seek relief by villany to work their just decay.
"How those which murder do conceal
to plague the Lord is bent, Which all men ought for to reveal, though guiltless of consent.
" How thieves by custom, in their need,
do venture for their prey. Until, when they think best to speed, they work their own decay.
' How some that fear their state to stain
for dread of worldly shame, Will sin procure for private gain, deserving no less blame.
" How Venus, lust inticing, may
soon force the amorous knight His greatest secrets to bewray to work his wofull plight.
" How strength and beauty soon do fail,
and health and wealth decay :
All fortune's gifts do nought avail,
where wisdom bears no sway.
" How virtuous life an honest end
doth commonly ensue, And they which "sin do still pretend with violent death shall rue."
Opposite each stanza Churchyard places refer- ences to the forty-seven chapters into which the work is divided, adding that what he has stated "appears by the whole course of the history, espe- cially by the divers dispositions, and final destinies of Fortunatus and his two sons." The above verses are certainly not of much value in themselves, but they deserve preservation as a relic of a poet who was a writer of verse for nearly half a century be- fore the demise of Elizabeth. It is worth adding, that the edition of 1676 is in black-letter— that the
numerous woodcuts are obviously from Dutch or German designs, and that, from their worn and worm-eaten state, it is probable they were the very same that were used for the work when it first came out in English anterior to the year 1595. J. PAYNE COLLIER.
Maidenhead, Xmas, 1867.
GEORGE TURBERVILE : A NEW-YEAR GIFT.
I never could quite reconcile myself to the phrase / wish you a merry Christmas. It has seemed to me, adopting the modern interpretations of merriment, as an incongruity. On further in- quiry, this is my conclusion : the phrase is an archaism, and the word merry should be inter- preted in accordance with the sense which it bore in early times, i. e. Pleasant, sweet, agreeable, etc. (Jos. Bosworth + Todd on Johnson).
The other wish of the season is beyond the reach of objection. Nevertheless, an incidental circumstance must here be recorded. Christmas day was formerly the commencement of a new year (T. D. Hardy) — so we now join the two wishes without the reason which prompted it !
To conciliate the lovers of folk-lore, I waive that point and proceed. When we salute our friends with A happy neic-year to you ! we unite the duties of charity and courtesy, and I hope the custom will never be laid aside. It has sub- stantial claims to perpetuity.
The sympathising wish 'accepted, it rests with the receiver to turn it to account. The question is, What most contributes to happiness ? I should be inclined to advocate, in plain prose, The culture of the wits ; but I find the task so skilfully per- formed, and in attractive verse, that I avail myself of it without any misgiving as to their appre- ciation. It was set forth by a man of note, now seldom named, in the year 1567 : — •
IK COMMENDATION OF WIT.
Wit farre exceedeth wealth,
Wit princely pompe excels, Wit better is than beauties beames.
Where pride and daunger dwels. Wit matcheth kingly crowne,
Wit maiaters witlesse rage ; Wit rules the fonde affects of youth,
Wit guides the steps of age. Wit wants no reasons skill
A faithfull friend to know : Wit wotes full well the way to voidc
The smooth and fleering fo. Wit knowes what best becommes.
And what unseemely showes : Wit hath a wile to ware the worst,
Wit all good fashion knowes. Since wit by wisedome can
Doe this, and all the rest, That I imploy my painefull head
To come by wit is best :
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4"> S. I. JAX. 4, '68.
Whome if I might attainc,
Then wit and I were one ; But till time wit and I doe cope,
I shall be post alone.
George TUKBERVILK.
I have transcribed the above verses as a suitable new-year gift to the authors and readers of Notes and Queries, and as an additional proof that marks of genius and taste are to be met with in English literature before Spenser had framed a sonnet or Shakspere had learned his A B C.
BOLTOX CORNET. Barnes, S.W.
THE AUTHOR OF "THE CHER?IE AND THE SLAB," AND HIS DESCENDANTS.
When, by the rebellion of O'Neil, in the latter years of the reign of Elizabeth, the greater part of the North of Ireland came to be at the disposal of the Crown, Sir Hugh Montgomery of Braidstane, a cadet of the Eglintoun family, managed affairs so judiciously at the court of James I., that the lands of O'Neil were, by a tripartite arrangement, divided between Braidstane, Hamilton, and O'Neil. The latter was Chief of Ulster, and held the district by the Celtic law of tanistry, which, being ille- gal, no doubt had its influence in bringing him into the schemes of Montgomery. Letters patent to this effect passed the great seal of Ireland on the 16th April,* 1005. At that time the North of Ireland, it is said, resembled the wilds of America, with this difference, that it was not " encumbered with great woods to be felled and grubbed," but nearly as desolate in point of population. Under the leadership of Montgomery, who became Vis- count of Ardes in 1022, the colony of Scots, with whom he had peopled Ulster, speedily became a thriving community. Upwards of a thousand settlers, chiefly from Ayrshire, including trades- men of all kinds, followed him at first, and nu- merous others found their way across the channel in subsequent years. It was these people who introduced the manufacture of linen, which ulti- mately became the staple trade of the district, and it was by their means that Protestantism took such a prominent position in the North of Ireland. Though the family of the Viscount has failed in the male line, and the title of Mount- Alexander is extinct, yet there are branches of the Montgomery and other Scottish families, who, springing out of this settlement, have taken root and still flourish. Amongst those who joined the community from Scotland, some years afterwards, was " Mr. Alex- ander Montgomery," whom the Viscount of Ardes settled near Deny ; and, being a minister, he became prebend of Do. There is no appearance of Do having been connected with a cathedral ; but that he was an Episcopalian is confirmed by what the author of The Montgomery Manu-
scripts* tells us. "When debarred," says the writer, " by the Presbyterians to use the "Word, he took the sword, and valiantly wielded the same against the Irish; and he got a command, in which he served diverse years in the beginning of the grand rebellion [about 1641] in Ireland, and never turned tail on the King's cause, nor was Cove- nanter, so he well deserved the satisfaction which his posterity has for his said services before June 1049." The author further says, he lived till 1658, and quotes the following epitaph, which he had from " Mr. Alexander M'Causland " : —
" Now he to nature his last debt bequeaths, Who, in his life, charged through a thousand death?. One man yhavc seldom seen on stage to doe The parts of Samuell and of Sampson too ; Fitt to convince or hew an Agag down, Fierce in his arms and priestlike in his gown. These characters were due as all may see To our divine and brave Montgomery. Now judge with what a courage he will rise When the last trumpet sounds the great assize."
Montgomery could thus wield the Word or the sword with equal power. He married Margaret Coningham, sister of Sir Arthur Coningham, an ancestor of the Marquis of Conyngham. By this lady he had at least two sons, the eldest of whom, John, was a major in "the third viscount's party." and was taken prisoner "by the usurpers sol- diers," during the Cromwellian struggle. He was proprietor of several estates — amongst others, Castle Aghray, in the county of Donegal. At his death his will was recorded in the Probate Court, Dublin, on the 28th August, 1679 ; and, singular enough, adhibited to his signature are the arms of the Montgomeries of HcssWieid, with the initials "A. M." above. Major John left a family, whose descendants still enjoy the property ; and one of them, with the true Montgomery pen- chant for arms, ^is a brigadier-general in the Bombay army, and may now be on his way to , Abyssinia.
This brings us to inquire whether Captain Alex- ander Montgomery, author of " The Cherrie and the Slae," had a family. Although one of the best and most celebrated poets of his age, little is known of his personal history. When Dr. Irving printed his Lives of the Scottish Poets, in 1802, he literally knew nothing of him, save a few inferences derived from his writings, to which he added his belief that he belonged to the Eglintoun family. When he published the collected poems of Montgomery, however, in 1822, he brought proof enough that he was of the Hessilheid branch — the first of whom was Hugh, third son of Alexander, Master of Montgomery, and grandson of the first Lord Montgomery. The poet was the second son of Hugh Montgomery, third laird of Hessilheid. He was born, not at
Published at Belfast in 1830.
4*8.1. JAN. 4, '68. J
NOTES AND QUERIES.
He8silheid,.as Pont states, but in Germany, as he says himself; and he further incidentally men- tions that his birth took place " on Eister-day at morne"; but in what year the world is left to guess — perhaps in 1554.
Of the early habits and education of Montgo- mery little is known for certain. His aunt Marian, sister of his father, married for her third husband John Campbell of Skipnish, in Argyleshire. It is supposed from what Hume of Pol wart says, in one of their flyting epistles, that he had passed some portion of his boyhood at Skipnish ; and Demp- ster remarks that he was usually designated eqtif* Montanus, a phrase synonymous to "Highland trooper." The poet himself alludes to his resi- dence in the Highlands in his epistle to Robert Hudson: —
" Thia is no life that I live vpaland,*
On raw red herring reistcd in the reik ; Syn I am subject sometyme to be seik, And daylie deeiug of my auld diseise."
As te his personal appearance, Montgomery says, " I schame not of my schape ; " and adds, " though I be laich, I beir a michtie mynd." He is invariably styled Captain, and, from Melville* /)i«/y/, it would appear that he was captain of one of the companies maintained in Edinburgh under the regency of Morton in 1570. It is curious, at the same time, that his name does not occur in the Treasurer's Accounts, either during the regency or the reign of James VI. There are, to be sure, several volumes wanting — as for example from 1574 to 1579, and from 1584 to 1590. There are at least six captains, with their companies, men- tioned— the germs of a standing army — during the regency of Morton — almost all of whom disap- pear after the accession of the king. At the same time it is universally understood that the poet was a favourite at court. He bad a pension of five hundred merks, payable out of the rents of the archbishopric of Glasgow, given by the king, at Falkland, 27th September, 1583. This pension he seems to have quietly enjoyed until 1680, when he obtained the royal licence to travel abroad for the space of five years. The best ac- count, perhaps, of this affair, and his consequent troubles, is supplied by the Privy Seal itself.
..." Ane lettro maid, makand mentioun that our Bouerane lord, flbr divers guid causes and consideratiounis moving iiis hienes, and for the glide, trew, and thankfull service done and to be done to his Maiestie be his gude servitonr Capitane Alexr Montgomerie, with avise and consent of the lordis of his Maiesties secrcit Counsall, gevand, grantand and disponand to him ane zeirlie pen- sionn, during all the dayis of his lifetyme, of the soume of fyve hundreth merks money of this real me, to be zeirlie tane, and vpliftit furth of the reddiest maills, Ac. of the Hishoprick of Glasgow Beginnand the first pay- ment thairof off the crope and zeir of God Jaj Vc four scoir tua zeiris .... according to the quhich the said
* A mountainous country.
Capitane Alexander obtainit decreit of the Lordis of Counsall, with letters in the foure formes thairupoun, be vertew of the quhilkis he become in peacabill possessioun of vplifting and intrometting with his said pensioun fra the tenentis and otheris addebtit, in payment thairof, continuallie quhile the zeir of God Jaj Vc" four scoir sex zeiris, at the quhilk tymc, upoim speciall and guid re- spects moving our said souerane lord, his hienes gave and grantit to the said Capitane Alexr his Maiesties licence to depairt and pass of this realme to the pairtis of France, Flanderis, Spaine and otheris bezond soy. for the space of fyvc zeiris thaireftir, during the quhilk space our said souerane lord tuik the said Capitane Alexr and his said pensioun under his Muiesties protectioun, mantcnance and saifgaird, as the protectioun maid thairupoun at mair lenth beiris, according to the quhilk he dcpairtit of this realme to the pairtis of Flanders, Spaine, and otheris beyond sey, quheras he remanit continewallie sensyne, detevnit and halden in prison and captivitie, to the greit hurt and vcxatioun of his persoun, attour the lose of his guid is. In the menetyme, notwithstanding of the said licence and protectioun, the said Capitaue Alexr, his factouris and servitouri-i, has beno maist wranguslie stoppit, hindcrit and debarrit in the pcceabill possessioun of his said p.n- sioun, but ony guidordour or forme of justice, to his greit hurt, hinder and prejudice, quhairas his guid service merited rather augmentation)! nor diminishing of the said pensioun, his hieness thairfoir, movit with the pre- mises, and willing the said Capitane Alexander sail have better occasioun to contincw in his said service to his maiestie in all tyme heircftir, now eftcr his hienes lauch- full and perfyte aigo of xxi zeiris compleit, and generall revocatioun maid in 1'urliamcnt, ratefeand, apprevand and confermand to tho said Capitane Alexr all and haile the lettres of pensioun above specifeit. ... In the meon- tyme, and special lie the restitution of James Bishop of Glasgow, out of the quhilk our said souerane lord now as then wpeciallie exccptis and rcservis to the said Capitane Alexr the said ]>cii*iouii, sua that he may bruik the samin siclykeasgif the said present restitutioun had never bene grantit ; attour his hienes of new gevis, grantis and disnonis to the said Capitann Alexr. during all the dayis of his lyfetynie, all and haill the said zeirlie pensioun of fyve hundreth merkLs money foirsaid. . . . Heginnand the first terme's jtayment of the crllpe and zoir of (Jod Jaj Vc fourscoir audit /.ciris, fourscoir nyne zeiris ap- proacheand, and siclykc zeirlie and termelie in tyme cuming."
Thus we see that the poet's pension had been illegally interfered with during his absence, not- withstanding the king's protection, and he him- self thrown into prison. In his sonnets the author makes heavy complaint on the subject, and hesi- tates not to accuse the Lords of Session of a per- version of justice.
" The Cherrie and the Slae," on which the fame of Montgomery chiefly rests, was first printed by Robert Waldegrave in 1597 ; and although it seems inferable that he resided in or about Edin- burgh, yet no memorial of this is to be found. It is supposed that he died between 1005 and 1015. At all events he certainly was dead before the lat- ter year. He appears never to have possessed any landed property, hence the impossibility of tracing him in the public record*. That he was married, and had at least two of a family — Alexander and Margaret — is the problem we shall now attempt to demonstrate.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4* S.I. JAN. 4, '68.
A trial for witchcraft took place in Glasgow, on the 22nd March, 1022. Margaret Wallace was accused of having consulted the late Cristiane Grahame, a notorious witch, for various purposes ; and a somewhat voluminous charge was made against her, amongst other things for having be- witched the child of Alexander Vallange, or Val- lance, burgess of Glasgow, and Margaret Mont- gomery, his spouse. The verdict sufficiently ex- plains the accusation: —
" And siclyk, all in ane voice, ffyleshirof thefourt poynt of dittay, and haill circumstances mcntionet thairintill, anent the consulting with umquhile Cristiano Grahame, ane notorious witche, for cureing of hir selff of ane suddane disease, he taking the samyn off hir, and laying it vpone Alexander Vallange bairne: and thairefter cureing the said bairne of the said disease, in forme and manner speci- fiet in the dittay."* .
" Mr. Alexander Montgomery," brother of Mrs. Vallance, had been called as a witness regarding the trouble of the child, but he absented himself, on the ground of sickness, and forwarded a certifi- cate to that effect. In the pleadings it was urged specially that " his (Mr. Alexander's) deposition could nocht have been ressauvit gif he had com- peirit, becaus it wald haife bene objectit contrair him, that he and Margaret Montgomerie (Mrs. Val- lance) arc brother bairns of the haus of Hexsilheid, quhais dochter is allegit to haif bene witchit," &c.
Now, there was no one to whotn the expression "brother bairns" could apply save to the children of Captain Alexander Montgomery, whose elder brother, John, succeeded to the family estate of He^ilheid. True, when the trial took place, in 1622, Robert, the grand-nephew of the poet, was in possession of the property ; but the passage does not state the precise relationship of the parties ; it merely says that they were " BROTHER BAIRICS of the nous of HESSILHEID ; " and there are no others in the pedigree of that family to whom such a reference could be made but to the brothers John and Alexander.
The Glasgow city parish register in so far con- firms the prolocutor's statement at the trial :
" 5th May 1614. Alexander Vallance, Margaret Mont- gomerie, ane laufull dochter, Margaret. Godfatheris, Mr. Johnne Huchesoune, William Cleland."
This apparently was their first child. In 1017 they had a son baptised Robert, at whose baptism one of the godfathers was " Mr. Robert Mont- gomerie," for whom the child was no doubt called. This Mr. Robert must have been the minister of Symington, who surrendered the archbishopric of Glasgow in 1587. He was a younger brother of Captain Montgomery. There was, indeed, only one other Mr. Robert Montgomery, described in his latter will, which is recorded 4th April, 1611, as " sumtyme minister at Stewartoun." It therefore
Criminal Trials.
could not be this Mr. Robert. Alexander Vallance and Margaret Montgomery had several other chil- dren: Marie in 1619, and Christiane in 1621. The poet seems to have been dead before his daugh- ter's marriage to Vallance— hence his name does not occur as a witness at any of the baptisms The presence, however, of "Mr. Robert," his younger brother, shows the connection. Did the parish register of Glasgow or Beith go far enough back, we might have found the marriage of Val- lance and his spouse.
" Mr. Alexander Montgomery," brother of Mrs. Vallance, was no doubt the same party who after- wards became "prebend of Do." That his father, Captain Alexander Montgomery, was an Episco- palian is to be presumed from his being a courtier of James VI., and from his intimacy with "Bishop Beton" (Archbishop of Glasgow from 1552 to 1560, and again from 1598 to his death in 1603): hence the fact of his son being also an Episcopa- lian, " prebend of Do." He had every inducement to go to Ireland. The Viscount of Ardes was his cottsin, by the mother's side, and the houses of Braidstane and Hcssilheid were descended from the same source. Nor had he reason to complain of the reception he met with from the viscount.
These facts are confirmed by the Hessilheid arms, which, as given in Font's MSS., Advocates' Library, are : " Azure, two lances of tournament, proper, between three fleurs-de-lis, or, and in the chief point an annulet, or, stoned, azure, with an indentation in the side of the shield, on the dexter side."
The arms of the poet, being a younger son, were slightly different — two lances, with three fleurs-de-lis in chief, and three annulets in base — which he and his family seem to have cherished. They are found on a tombstone at Do, where "Mr. Alexander" was prebend, united in a shield with those of the Conynghams — now Marquis of Conyngham— descended from the Earls of Glen- cairn, together with this inscription :
" Here lyeth the body of Margaret Montgomery, Alia Coiiingham, who was the wife of Alexander Montgomery, whoe deceased the 18 of June, Anno Domeny 167")."
Margaret Coningham had thus outlived her husband seventeen years.
The arms attached to the will of Major John Montgomery, in 1679, with the initials UA. M." must have belonged either to his father or grand- father. With the exception of his son, the poet was the only one of the Hessilheid branch called Alexander, and the probability is that he himself had the seal engraved when he went abroad in 1586. In his day it was customary for gentlemen going on a tour to carry with them proofs of their descent, if from a noble or ancient family — and coats of arms were considered amongst the most effective. "Mr. Alexander," on joining his relations in Ireland, did not need such evidence of his descent.
4* S. I. JAN. 4, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
It will thus appear that there are substantial reasons for believing that the house of Hessilheid is still represented by the descendants of the au- thor of " The Cherrie and the Slae." J. PN.
ANCIENT DRINKING GLASS.
I have met with a coloured drawing of the figures upon a very interesting old drinking glass of the date of 1596, which at the time when the drawing was made (1818) was in the possession of the Comte Francois de Thiennes, at Ghent. The glass measured ten inches in height and fif- teen and six-eighths in circumference. The fol- lowing inscription runs round the top of the glass : —
"Die Kombchc KaVserlichc Majestat Sammt den Sieben Churfte : In Frey {illegible] durg ampt und Sitz."
Below these words, the emperor appears in the middle, seated on his throne, wearing his imperial robes and crown, and holding a globe and sceptre, with an escutcheon before him emblazoned with the black double-headed eagle displayed. On his right, ftand three prince-bishop electors, with the arms ot each on a shield before him, and each holds the insignia of his office. These are, Trier, holding a roll of parchment ; Coin, holding a glove ; and Maintz, bearing a deed, to which a seal is appended, in one hand, and a pointer, or puncturing style, in the other.
On the left hand of the emperor are four other figures. The first is the King of Bohemia, crowned, and carrying a covered golden vase and a sceptre ; and above him is inscribed beheni. Next comes the Count Palatine, bearing three cushions piled up, and bound with abroad band, and long sleeves or legs depending from his wrists. Over his head is the word Pfalz. The Duke of Saxony stands next, bearing a sword of state, and the word Sachsen appears over his head. Last is the Mar- grave of Brandenburg, holding a huge golden key, from the bow of which hang three small keys. Above him is tlie word brandenburg. These, like the other three, have each arms on their shields before them, that of Brandenburg being argent, a red eagle, single-headed, displayed.
Underneath the emperor's throne is the following inscription : —
" Also in all ihren ornat, Sitzet kayserliche Majestat, Sainpt den sieben ChQflirste ...)-./ -, /
Wie den ein jeder sitzen J tUtgiMe.
In churfusstelicher kleidung sein Mil an Zev'gung der ampta bin. 1596."
Under the three prince-bishop electors are these lines: —
" Der Krtzbischoff zu Mentz bekandt ist caotzler in dem Deutzschen laiidt.
So is der Biscboff zu Coin gleich • • . j
Auch Cantzler diirch gantz Frankreich, dar nach der Ertzbischoff zu Trier ist Cantzler in Welches resiers."
Below the four figures on the other side are inscribed the following verses : — " der konig in bohmen der ist des reicbe ertzshenck zu aller frist darnacb der Pfaltzgraff bey den rein des heyligen reicbs truchfass thut fein. der Herzog zu Sachsen geboren ist des Reiches marschalth auserkora der Margraff von Brandenburg gutt der Reiciis ertzkammer fein thut."
Between the two groups of electors rises a very conventional lily of the valley. But what is most striking is to consider what the Margrave of Bran- denburg, who ranks here the last, has since be- come. F. C. H.
"A TRUE AND ADMIRABLE HISTORIE OF A MAYDEN OF CONFOLENS;"
AK UMDKSCltlBKD TRACT BY ANTUOJIY MUNDAY.
I have before me a little volume of consider- able rarity, which undoubtedly came from the prolific pen of Anthony Munday, although it only bears his initials. It is not mentioned in Mr. J. Payne Collier's " List of Anthony Monday's Works," prefixed to John a Kent and John a Cumber, printed for the Shakespeare Society in 1851 ; nor in the same gentleman's valuable liib- liographical Account of Early Enylixh Literature. The copy about to be described I purchased some eight or ten years back of Mr. Bumstead the bookseller. It has the book-plate of "Edward Winstanley," and, as far as I can learn, is the only known exemplar. Until a slight mention of it appeared in Mr. W. Carew Ilazhtt's Hand-book of Popular English Literature, it had entirely escaped notice.
The title of this rarity is as follows : — " A True and admirable Historic of a Mayden of Con- folens, in the Prouince of Poictiers : that for the space of three yeeres and more hath liued, and yet doth, without receiuing either mcnte or drinke. Of whom his Afuieitie in fierstm hath had the view, and (by hit commaunti) hit best and chief ett Phit.it ians have tryed all meant* to find whether this fast and abstinence be by deceit or no. In this Historic is also discoursed, whether a man may Hue many daycs, moneths, or yeeres, without receiuing any sustenance. Published by the King* etpeciall Priviledge. At London, Printed by J. Roberts, and are to bo sold at his house in Barbican. Anno Dom. 1603."
The tract consists of 102 pages in octavo, exclu- sive of title-page and preliminary matter, occu- pying 16 pages more. It is dedicated
" To the Worshipfull M, Thnma* Thorn*/, Maister. M. William Martin, M. Edward Rodes, and M. Thoma* Martin: Gouernours of the Misterie and Cominaltie of the Barber Chirurgians. And to the whole Assistants of the clothing: liappic success in all their actions most hartily wished."
8
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. I. JAN. 4, '68.
In the dedication, which is subscribed " Your worships in true affection, A. M.," the writer says: —
" The author of this labour in French, as (by reading) I am sure your seines will say no lesse, is both an excel- lent Philosopher, Phisitian, Chirurgian, and a skilfull Anatomiste, and of all these hath made good witnesse in this discourse. I could not be-thinke me, to bestowe my paines any where more desertfullie, then on such as are answerable to the first Authours qualitie : which neither I would not ouer-boldly presume to doo, till (by a kinde examen) of some of your selues, the worke was thought worthie your entertayning. It hath cost me good paines, and therefore may merit the kinder acceptaunce : which if it do finde at your hands, as I would be sorie but it should, I remaine yours in my more serious imploy- ment."
The dedication is followed by an address " To the Reader," which commences thus : —
" Friendly Reader, hauing seriously read ouer (and with no meane admiration) this present Historic : I made stealth of some priuate hourcs, from my more weightie imployment8,4to let thee haue the same in thine owne familiare language. Wherein (I hope) thou wilt thank- fully accept, if not my paines yet (at least) the kinde affection I beare thec, in acquainting thee with one of the rarest meruailes which can be found among the his- tories of elder ages, or those more recent and of later times."
We have then the testimonies in Latin and French (sometimes Englished) of many " worthie, grave, and credible persons," in favour of the "marvel." These include the names of N. Ra- pinus, F. Citois, M. Vidard, Pasch. Le Coq, L. De la Roque, and others —
" Who have all scene the Maiden now in question, and (by his Majesties commaundement, they beeing Ids best and chcefest Phisitians) they haue made triall to their verie vttermost, to linde out the least scruple of deceite heerein to be imagined. They haue committed her from her Parents, to diuers Noble and woorthie persons, some of which haue kept her close lockt vp, some foure, liue, or sixe weekes, some for as many and more monethes to- gether, where not so much as the sent of any foode was to bee felt : and notwithstanding, they found her in the verie same estate as when they shut her vp vpon this proofe."
After these testimonies we have a poetical epistle, in French and English, "To Monsieur Lescarbot, vpon the traducing of this history ; " and another in English (by far the most interest- ing thing in the book), which I shall make no apology for transcribing in full : —
" To his good friend A. M.
" Wonder, bee dumb : and {now) no more prefer, (Like to some selfe lou'd, boasting Trauailcr) Thy past Aduentures : for an Age is borne, Upon whose forhead, caracters are worne So strangely, that ee'ne Admiration stands Amazde to read them (with heau'd eyes and hands). Times oldest Chronicle proues it most cleere, England neere spent such a miraculous yeere, And (Fraunce !) thy maiden child-birth goes (by far) Beyond all those, bred in thy ciuill warre :
The wonder being (by thus much) greater growne, Last day she spake no language but her o\vnc, . Yet now shec's vnderstood by Englishmen, Such Magick waitcs (deere friend) vpon thy pen.
" TIIO. DEKKER."
If any doubt existed as to this brochure being the work of Anthony Munday, that doubt must vanish after reading the testimony of Dekker to his " pood friend." The two poets were associated in 1598 (in conjunction with Robert Wilson) in a play called Cfuince Medley ; and again in 1602, in another play entitled T/w Two Harpcs [Harpies?] (in conjunction with Middleton, Webster, and Drayton). Both plays are mentioned by Hen- slowe, but they have not come down to our time.
We now come to the text of the book itself, which may be very briefly dispatched. It is made up of copious extracts from the ancients, inter- mixed with the experience and opinions of the moderns, as to the possibility 01 human and animal life being sustained without food — an ex- periment which I feel assured that none of the readers of " N. & Q." will care to try. The story of the maiden " who for the space of three years, and even till this day, hath lived and doth," without any bodily food or sustenance, is briefly this: —
" The Maiden is about 14 yccres of age, and is named Jane. Solan, her Father John BaJan, a Locksmith, and her Mother Ijaurencia Chambella : her stature is answer- able to her age, somewhat Country-like of behauiour, a natiuc of the Towne of Gmfolans, vpon the Kiuer of Vienna, in the confines of Liinosin, and also of Poictu. In the eleuenth yeere of her age, being seazed on by a continuall Feauer, the 1C day of Februarie, 1599, shee liath since then been assailed with the accesse of diuers other sicknesses : and beyond all the rest, with a con- tinuall casting or vomiting for the space of 20 dayes toge- ther. The Feauer hauing somewhat left her, she grew to be specchlcssc, and continued so 28 dayes, without the deliuerie of any one word : at the end of which time, she came to her selfe againc, and spake as she had done before (sauing that her words were full of feare, and void of good sence). Xowe came vppon her a weakenes, and bcnumming of all her sences and bodilie moouings, from beneath the head, in such sort, that Oesophagtu it selfe, (beeing that part of the stomack, which serucs as con- duct for passage of meate and drink, into that which we terme the little bellie) being dissolu'd, it lost the force attractiue. Since which time, could not any one per- swade this Mayden (in any manner) to cate, albeit they made trial, to haue her but suck or lick meates, delicate fruits, and sweet things, agreeable to such young yeeres. Notwithstanding, the vse and motion of her members, came to her againe about fiue months after : except in one hippe, on which side yet she goes with some difncultie. One onely impotencie remaineth to her, that she cannot swallow or let down any thing, for she altogether loathes and abhors mightily, both meates and drinkes."
Whether the maiden's secret was ever dis- covered, as doubtless it was, I have no present means of knowing. The more recent instances of pretended abstinence from food — viz. that of Martha Taylor, " the fam'd Derbyshire damsel,"
4* S. I. JAN. 4, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
0
1609 ; the Swedish maid, Efctrid, " who lived six years without food," 1711; and the celebrated Ann Moore of Tutbury, 1813— are, I beliefs, well-known cases of imposture.
EDWARD F. RIMIJAULT.
LAMBETH LIBRARY AND ITS LIBRARIANS.
At a moment when the whole world of letters is watching with anxiety the fate of this remark- able library, a few notes on its origin and con- tents, and on the eminent scholars to whose carp it has been from time to time entrusted, will, I hope, not bo considered inopportune.
Archbishop Bancroft was the first founder of this library, who by his will dated 28th October, 1610, gave all his books to his " successors and tjie Archbishops of Canterbury for ever," pro- vided they bound themselves to the necessary as- surances for the continuance of such books to the archbishops successively ; otherwise the books were bequeathed to His Majesty's College at Chel- sea " if it be erected within these six years,'' or otherwise " to the publique library of the Univer- sity of Cambridge.
Bancroft's immediate successor used all proper means to secure and perpetuate this generous be- quest to the succeeding Archbishops of Canter- bury, as will be seen by a remarkable document drawn up by him in October 1012, and which Ducarel ha-? printed in his Ilittory of Lambeth, pp. 48-52. From this we learn that —
"James the First, conceiving it to be a monument of fame within his kingdome, and of great use to himsclfe and his successors, as well a* to the Church of God, that in a place so neare unto his royall palace these bookes should be preserved, did, after mature deliberation, com- nifml the care and consideration hereof unto Sir Francis Huron, Knight, his majesties sollicker, that he should thinke upon sonv course how the custody of the library might be established, and that by the negligence of those that came after so excellent a work might not be frus- trated to the hurt of the Church and Commonwealth."
Bacon first directed that a catalogue of the books " should be carefully and exquisitely made," that it might be known in the ages to come what were the book's so left to successive archbishops, and that this catalogue should bo sent to the Dean and Chanter, to be there laid up in archirit, and that a duplicate should remain in the library nt Lambeth, that each succeeding archbishop might know what books were in his custody, and carefully look to the conservation of them.
The document then recites the difficulties which Bacon saw in the way of binding each successive archbishop by bond, and the steps which Arch- bishop Abbot took to carry out, as far as possible, Bancroft's wishes. Catalogues were duly made, the books compared with them, and the accu- racy of the catalogues attested by the subscrip- tion of the compilers.
The archbishop, after solemnly pledging himself to keep the books safely to the best of his power, then declares his intention to bequeath his own books to " encrease that number which my pre- decessor left to the greater use and more ample benefit of those that shall succeed me ; " and of leaving a catalogue of such books, that those which come after may see that he had not been " a diminisher or dissipator of that which was en- trusted to him, but rather an enlarger and in- creaser of the same.''
The words with which this interesting docu- ment concludes are too important to admit of being abridged.
" It rcmaineth now that I do pray and beseech those that shall succeede me in this arohbishopricke, which by these presents I do, and in the bowells of Christ Jesus do adjure, as thev will answer unto me and to my prede- cessor in that fearful day of God, that with the like care and diligence they lookc to the preservation of this Li- brary, and setting aside all snbteltie, or fraude, or pretence, which worldly wisedome may devise to the contrary, they do suffer them, a.s farre as lyeth in them, to descend from age to age, and from succession to succession, to the ser- vice of God and his Church, of the Kings and Common- wealth of this realme, and particularly of the Archbishops of Canterbury. And God, who knoweth herein the in- tegritie of my harte, blesse this purpose and endeavour of my predecessor ami myselfe, and blesse all them to whom the care of this may any wayes appcrtaine, to the honour of his name, the good of his Church, and their own everlasting comfort.
41 G. CANT.
" October 15th, 1612."
The library thus constituted by the munificence and piety of Bancroft and Abbot,* continued at Lambeth till, as Ducarel tells us, " the approach of the troublesome times when ("Chelsea College having failed, and the order of bishops being voted down) Selden, to secure their preservation (they had been seized by the Parliament and transferred to Sion College) suggested to tho University of Cambridge their right to the books ; and eventu- ally, by his advice and with his assistance and that of Dr. Hill, Master of Trinity and Vice- Chancellor, they were delivered to the Univer- sity.
After the Restoration, they were reclaimed by Archbishop Juxon ; but ho dying before the books were restored, it was left to his successor Sheldon to aeo them replaced at Lambeth, who, moreover, by his will bequeathed a portion of his own library " towards the encrease and improvement of the publique library of the See of Canterbury, now settled at Lambeth house."
Archbishop Bancroft had actually placed his valuable collection of books and MSS. in the library for the use of his successors; but upon
* There are but few of Laud's books at Lambeth ; his entire library, both of books and MSS. which he had in the Palace having (according to Dncarel) been plundered by Colonel Scott about the year 1C44.
10
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4* S. I. JAN. 4, '68.
his deprivation, presented them to Emmanuel Col- lege, Cambridge, of which he had been Master.
Archbishop Tennisou bequeathed a portion of his library to Lambeth, a part to St. Paul's Ca- thedral, and part to the library which he had founded in the parish of St. Martin's-in-the- Fields — which part was sold by auction a few years since !
During the next fifty years, when the see was filled by Wake, Potter, Herring, and Hutton, few additions were made to the library. But Arch- bishop Seeker, besides expending upwards of 300/. in improving the MS. library, directed by his will all the books in his own library of which there existed no copies in the archiepiscopal collection to be added to it .
Archbishop Cornwallis caused the large col- lection of tracts which had accumulated be- tween the time of Henry VII. and Queen Anne to be arranged and bound in sixty volumes ; and Archbishop Manners-Sutton is said to have largely added to the collection of theology.
Of the nature and value of the library it is impossible to speak at length in these columns. The names of the donors are a guarantee for the richness, utility, and importance of the books. But there is one class of works which deserves to be specially noticed, the more so that neither Dr. Ducarel nor Mr. Beriah Botfield makes any allusion to it. I mean the books sent in for the approval of the licenser ; but which, in conse- quence of the license beinfj refused, were never published. The copies sent in for approval were, however, retained in the library, and have thus been preserved for reference at the present day.
The library, which consists of about twenty-five thousand volumes, is now deposited in the Great Hall built by Juxon, and beautifully restored for the purpose by Blore, at the cost of Archbishop Howley. The books are arranged in oaken book- cases which surround the room and project at intervals from the walls, making in each recess a little book-room, the very beau-ideal of a place of study.
Such is the origin of this remarkable and most important library — a library which the present excellent Primate has declared it was " his wish and intention to render as useful as possible to the public " — thereby acting entirely in the spirit of the founders, who, as we have seen, adjured their successors to suffer the books, " as far as lieth in them, to descend from age to age, and from suc- cession to succession, to the service of God and His Church, of the Kings and Commonwealth of this Realme, and particularly of the Archbishops of Canterbury."
The fact that, though intended particularly for the Archbishops of Canterbury, the library was not intended for their exclusive use, but for " the service of God and His Church, and of the Kings
and Commonwealth of this Realm," opens up a point which does not seem to have been duly considered — namely, that while on the one hand the archbishop may fairly be called upon to con- tribute somewhat to the maintenance of the library, in return for the advantages which he may derive from it, the larger contribution should be made by or on behalf of the Crown, the Church, and the Commonwealth, who share that advantage, but in a much larger proportion.
I must reserve for another paper my notes on the librarians. WILLIAM J. THOMS.
FOLK-LORE : SUPERSTITIONS. — Pretty well ac- quainted with popular superstitions, I have this week met with two which are either new or very faintly remembered. A worthy laundress neigh- bour is in sore distress — the cock has crowed on two or three nights at nine o'clock ! It is the sure sign of an early death in her family, and that will be the dying hour. The event happened exactly as fore-crowed when she lost her last daughter. The " robin weeping " on the window- sill was another certain indication of approaching death ! As I had never heard of a robin weeping, I asked what was meant, and was told the name was given to the little sharp querulous note of the bird often heard when it perches near without breaking into song. Are these superstitions gene- rally known ? BUSHET HEATH.
IRISH FOLK-LORE. — The two following bits of folk-lore are, I think, worth being laid up in the treasury of " N. & Q." Some years ago I was on a visit at the house of a relative in the West of Ireland. The lands had been a grant from Queen Elizabeth to an ancestor, and the house had been inhabited by members of the family for nearly three hundred years. Originally a farm-house, rooms had been added on as required, with perfect contempt of facility of access. Sons brought home their wives, and of course settled down in the paternal mansion. Orphan cousins were adopted, particularly if of the weaker sex, until provided for by marriage (some never married), and at one time, exclusive ot " the master's " family, two male and three female branches of the stock, all long past the usual or unusual age of matrimony, were residing in the house, and a happier family was unknown through the length and breadth of the land. When I saw it, the house had taken the form of two sides of a right- angled triangle, and scarcely one room in it was accessible without passing through two or three others! Having been originally thatched, the additions were also thatched ; and now comes my first bit of folk-lore. The tenants who had " lived under his honour and his honour's father and grandfather for hundreds of years," were highly
4*S. I- JAN. 4, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
11
donnish in their feelings towards the " ould family," and regularly on Candlemas Day the princfpal man among them, who was a sort of overseer of the rest, came with much ceremony and deposited in various parts of the roof short sticks, each with three branches, as a preservative against fire: and as the house was not burned down, no doubt the remedy was infallible. As my other bit of folk-lore contains a query as well as a note, I will keep it till another opportunity.
CYWRM.
Porth-yr-Anr, Carnarvon.
NAMES RETAINING THETR ANCIENT SOTTND. — It is curious to remark how often, and for how long a period, names retain their ancient sound in the vernacular pronunciation, though their written form may have been greatly changed. Thus, in a charter of King Alfred, the two manors of Gi«*ic and Fttntmal are granted to Shaftesbury Abbey, much more nearly representing the ordinary pro- nunciation than Gussaye and Fantmel, as these names are now written.
Again, in another ancient West Country docu- ment, I find the word Jlanncl written, as it is still commonly called by the poor, Jlanncn, sug- gestive rather of a Celtic than a Romance deri- vation.
But I would also call attention to another fact, which, if there be anything in it, is still more re- markable. There is a family in this neighbour- hood whose name is constantly written Elmcorth, but pertinaciously pronounced by the common people Elford. I have sometimes dreamed that this may possibly be the old Saxon name of Wnlf- heard, still lingering amongst us, land in Chesel- borne, Dorset, having been granted by Bad gar to a person of that name. C. W. BINGHAM.
THE MADONNA DELLA SEDIA (AFTER RAF- FAELLB) BY KANT ENGRAVERS. — This most charm- ing picture of Raphael's seems to have been the favourite theme of many engravers. In the cata- logue of the " Valuable Stock and Collection of Works of Art of the late John Clowes Grundy," of Manchester,* I find the names of the following engravers, who all have immortalised themselves in this work : Calametta, Qaravaglia, E. Mandel, Raphael Morghen (two different plates — the small one is a very gem), Johann Gotthard Muller (per- haps the most refined of all modern engravers, the worthy pupil of the great Wille), Perfetti, P. Pelee, Petersen, Schaeffer, Schiller, and Schia- vone. HERMAN KINDT.
FIRST TURKISH NEWSPAPER IN LONDON. — The Mukhbir, the first Turkish weekly newspaper in London, was begun in August of this year. It is
* Well known as an excellent connoisseur of works of art, and as the earliest friend of David Cox. The sale lasted from November 4th to the 23rd of the same month.
edited by Suavi Effendi. It was first published in Constantinople, and suppressed.
HYDE CLARKE. 32, St. George's Square, S.W. SCRIPTURE BAPTISMAL NAMES. — Being called on to give private baptism last Sunday (third in Advent) to a child, I was struck with the names of child and mother ; and on inquiry found, with some personal interesting family history, that the mo- ther's family consisted of six sons, named respec- tively Absalom, Barzillai, Eleazar, Azariah, Ezra, and Benjamin ; and six daughters, named Tamar, Abigail, Naomi, Tirzah, Unice, and Zippurah. I thought it worthy of a note in " N. & Q."
GEORGE LLOYD. Darlington.
LINES BY DR. HENRY KING. — At no great dis- tance from the communications of MR. J. M. COWPER and DR. Rrx, in pages 390 and 486 of your valuable miscellany, should appear the fol- lowing lines by Dr. King, 1691—1609 : —
" Sic Vita.
•• Like to the falling of a star, Or as the flights of eagles are; Or like the fresh spring's gaudy hue, Or silver drops of morning dew ; Or like the wind that chafes the flood ; Or bubbles which on water stood ; Ev'n snch is man, whose borrow 'd light Is straight call'd in, and paid to night. The wind blows out, the bubble dies; The spring entombed in autumn lies; The dew dries up ; the star is shot ; The flight is past— and man forgot."
J. MANUEL. Newcastle-on-Tyne.
BAKER'S "HISTORY OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE." This valuable but unfinished work has an index to arms and a general index to vol. i. only. In the Northampton .Herald of Dec. 21 is an index, by Sir Henry Dryden, Bart, of the pedigrees in both volumes. JOSEPH Rix, M.D.
St. Neots.
ffiutrtaf.
WILLIAM CAXTON.
The interest felt in everything connected with ( 'ax ton and the introduction of printing to England, is perhaps more widely spread at the present time than at any former period; and I therefore hope that the following data, all seen in the original by myself, will be found interesting, as they form the foundation on which any correct account of Caxton must be built. The documents in full were published by me five years ago, although not in the con- secutive form here given. Ihe publication last month of an imposing folio on " The History of the Art of Printing," by H. Noel Humphreys, in which Caxton is again dressed up in much of the
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4*S. I. JAN. 4, '68.
outlandish costume provided for him 100 years ago by Bagford and his successors, and in which most of the following1 " facts " are ignored, although the author quotes the very volume in which they appear, induces me to beg for them a greater publicity in the pages of " N. & Q." than they will otherwise receive.
1438. Caxton was bound apprentice to Robert Large :
therefore the usual year ascribed to his birth
(1412) must be erroneous. 1441. Legacy from Large to Caxton of twenty marks;
the other and older apprentices receiving larger
amounts. 1449. Caxton at Bruges, and defendant in the trial of
John Selle versus William Caxton. 1453. Caxton came from Bruges to London, to take up
his livery in the Mercers' Company. Caxton
fined for not attending the "riding" on Lord
Mayor's day. 14G2. A letter from' Caxton at Bruges to the Mercers at
London. 14C3. Caxton appointed to the highest office a foreigner
could hold at Bruges — " Governor of the English
Nation.'' This was the connecting link between
Caxton and the Court of the Duke of Burgundy. 14G4. A letter from the Mercers to Caxton at Bruges,
sent by special courier. Caxton appointed an
ambassador by Edward IV. 14G5. Letter from the Merchant Adventurers at London
to Caxton at Bruges. 146G. Reply from Caxton to the Mercers, enclosing a
letter he had received from the Earl of Warwick
concerning trade regulations. This was the
nobleman to whom the Chess-book was dedicated.
Also a reply from the Mercers' Company, signed
by J. Tate, probably the same who erected the
first paper-mill in England. 1468. Caxton, with two others, is recommended by the
Court of Mercers as a fit man to be sent by the
King on a trade embassy.
14G9. Caxton as arbitrator give's a judgment at Bruges. 1471. The translation of "Le Recueil " completed. 1474. Caxton finishes the translation of the Chess-book. 1477. " Dictes and Sayingcs"; the lirst book connected
with Caxton in which the date of printing is
given.
Will Mr. Humphreys kindly state why he changes the name of Caxton's master, Robert Large, to Robert Strange (six times repeated) 1 — why he makes Caxton a partner in the business, while he was yet an apprentice ? — why he says we know nothing of Caxton between 1441 and 1464 ? — and finally, on what evidence he turns our printer out of the Almonry and sets him up in King Street, Westminster? WILLIAM BLADES.
11, Abchurch Lane.
"ADESTE FIDELES." — The well-known "Por- tuguese hymn " tune used to be commonly con- sidered of Roman Catholic and Continental origin, but of late years divers editors have attributed it to John Reading, about whom they are not agreed. In the Congregational Psalmist, by Allon and Gauntlett, we read:—
" Reading, John, born in 1690, a pupil of Dr. Blow, or- ganist of St. John's, Hackney, .St. Dunstan's, drc., died in 1766. Author of the ' Portuguese hymn,' which was firnt sung in Lincoln Cathedral. The Duke of Leeds, then director of the Concerts of Ancient Music, heard it at the Portuguese Chapel about 1785. Supposing it to be pecu- liar to the Portuguese service, he introduced it into the Concerts of the Society, under the title of Portuguese hymn."
In the Christian Knowledge Ifymaat we are told that
" The tune is by John Reading, organist of the Cathe- dral at Winchester 1675, who died 1692, and further, the Adeste Fidelcs was arranged by the late Vincent Novello for the Portuguese Chapel, of which he became organist in 1797, and hence it appears to have obtained the name of the Portuguese hymn."
These statements are sufficiently discrepant, and I cannot attribute much authority to either, as both the books contain numerous historical errors.
The question is, when was the tune first pub- lished, or where is the original to be found ? During the examination of many hundred volumes of psalmody, I have not met with it before the end of the last century. If composed in the 17th century, where was it all the while? In the present state of the argument I have not ventured to name any composer in my Church of England Psalmody, but as I am now making a final revision of that work, I should be glad to be able to do so.*
HENRY PARR.
Yoxford Vicarage.
ANGLICAN EPISCOPATE. — A STUDENT would be thankful to be informed when, and where, Arch- bishop Cranmer received deacon's and priest's orders. He would also be glad of similar in- formation with regard to Merrick, Bishop of Bau- gor, 1559; Bentham, Bishop of Litchfield, 1559; Alley, Bishop of Exeter, 1559 ; Scambler, Bishop of Peterborough, 1560 ; Downham, Bishop of Chester, 1561 ; and Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, 1550, and Worcester, 15o2.
CONSISTORY COURTS, ETC. — At what date were consistory courts first held in cathedrals? At what date were fixed pulpits introduced into the naves of cathedrals ? EDMUND B. FBBREY.
CICINDELJE. — As I was seated in front of a friend's villa close to the ruins of Velia, famed in Roman times for the mildness of its climate (Hor. Epist. I. xv. 1 ; Plutarch, sEmil. 39), I was sur-
eised in the gloaming to see the whole landscape come suddenly lighted up with star-like points. On asking my friend how it was caused, he said, "These are little insects which we call 'luciole.'" They appear in the month of May, when I saw them, and again in August. I have no doubt that
[* In " N. & Q." 3rd S. vi. 61, Dr. Rimbault has given some account of three musicians of the name of John Reading, which may have occasioned the discrepancies in the notices of the author of " Adeste Fideles."— ED.}
4* S. I. JAX. 4, '68. J
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
13
they are tho " cicindelse " of Pliny (xviii. 66, 4, ed. Lemaire) \vho thus speaks of them : " Atque etiam in eodem arvo est signum illius maturitati, et horum sationi commune, lucentes vespere per
expression
lantes volatus" could be selected to give tho precise appearance, as they floated before the eye ; and the benignity of nature was equally great as in the time of Pliny A.D. 23-70, for the whole air seemed to bo replete with them. I tried to catch them, but their brightness at once disappeared, and I could make nothing of them. My friend, who was an entomologist, said that the bright light was given out from the abdomen, which was visi- ble ns the wings moved, disappearing when they closed. It is curious, though I was afterwards in every part of Italy, that I never witnessed the same scene. Have any of your correspondents ever seen them in otfrer parts of Italy? My friend said that they were also called "baticesola.'' What can this mean ? "Luciole" is plain enough. Can any one give the etymology of " baticesola " ? I have heard " cesendolo" applied to an oil lamp. This seems to have some connection with the other word. CRAUFURD TAIT RAMAGK.
THE CREED AND LORD'S PRAYER. — When did the custom commence of placing the Creed and Lord's Prayer in churches? What is the pro- bable date of the oldest example of this practice ? Were these formularies usually inscribed in Latin or English ? I find that the Ten Commandments were first ordered, by Queen Elizabeth's adver- tisements, to bo set upon the east wall in the year 1664. W. H. S.
Yaxley.
DRYDEN QUERIES. — 1. \Vhat action is alluded to in these lines of Dryden in his poem addressed to Nathaniel Lee ? —
44 As his heroic worth struck envy dumb. Who took the Dutchman, and who cut the boom."
Scott explains the lines as referring to an action of Sir Edward Spragge against the Algerines in the Mediterranean ; but as " the Dutchman " was the enemy, that explanation cannot be correct.
2. Can any of your correspondents fix the dates of the composition of Dryden's epitaphs on " Young Mr. Rogers of Gloucestershire," and on " Mrs. Margaret Paston of Burningham in Nor- folk," or the dates of the deaths of the* parties ? The Rogers's of Gloucestershire are of Dowdes- well in that county.
3. Is there any knowledge of the persons for whom Dryden's pastoral elegy "On the Death of Amyntas," and his poem " On the Death of a very young Gentleman," were intended ? Can the dates of these poems be fixed ? CH.
BALING SCHOOL. — Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." point out where an account of the rise, progress, &c. of Ealing School, Dr. George Nicholas, may be found? and if any of Dr. Nicholas's sous are now living ? * Mr. Charles Knight, the eminent publisher, we learn from the story of his life, was at one period a pupil.
II. S. C.
Glasgow.
EVERY THING, EVERY BODY. — The article on Grammar which Dr. Stoddart (afterwards Sir John Stoddart) wrote for the Encyclopedia Mttro- politana is one of the best, if not the best, in our language. He may therefore be taken as a good authority. On referring to that article, it will be found that he never joined adjectives and sub- stantives together, as is sometimes done at the present time. For instance, he always used " every *' as an adjective, thus: every thing, every body; but these words arc now frequently joined together. Can any of your readers inform me why? D*f*N"*R.
FAUSTUS' CONJURING BOOK. — In Mr. Theodore Martin's Memoir of William Edmondstounc Ay- toun, pp. 40, 41, is a quotation from one of his lectures, in which he speaks of having examined when in Germany tho conjuring-bookof Dr. Faus- tus. When he saw it, the volume was preserved in the archives of the town of AschaflenDurg-on- the-Maine. Where shall I see any further infor- mation about this wonderful manuscript ?
K. P. D. E.
GREYHOUND. — The etymology of this word is very doubtful. It is occasionally spelt grehound or greihound. Mr. Shirley, in his work on Deer Parks, quotes (p. 100) : —
" A little before Lady Day, 1489, King Henry VII. roade into Wiltshire on hunting, and slew his gres [buck] in three places in that shire." — From Lclund, Collect., vol. iv. p. 248.
One would like authority for this meaning of "gres," because, if it is correct, greyhound only means buck-hound. J. WILKINS, B.C.L.
BISHOP IIonxR. — " The influence of the mathe- matical pursuits to which Bishop Home assigns the heterodox propensities of some Cambridge theologians." Where ? CYRIL.
HURSTMONCEAUX TOMBS, &c. — The fine tomb of Lord Dacre and his son 1537, in Hurstmonceaux Church, Sussex, is perfect on the south side, but on the north the stone has greatly decayed. I am told it was built of two materials, Caen stone and Sussex marble. I was too late in the day to observe accurately the structure, when I last
[ * George F. Nicholas, the doctor's eldest son, died rector of Haddiscoe in I860. See " N. <fc Q.," 3rd S. xL 105.]
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4th S. I. JAX. 4, '68.
visited Hurstmonceaux. Perhaps some Sussex correspondent will explain the cause. The Fiennes brass is hardly safe in its position on the floor. A little more care is needed to preserve the present state of the castle, or ere long the finest specimen of an English manor-house of its date will be lost.
S. E. WlNNINGTON.
"" JOB'S DISEASE. — A paper on this subject was read before the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh towards the end of the last century, and excited much criticism. Can any of your readers refer me to it ? CTBIL.
GEORGE LOCKET. — A rude ballad once existed in a broadside form commemorating the execution of George Lockey, of Gainford, in the county of Durham, who murdered a person called Barker in a solitary place near Easby Abbey. He was hanged at Tyburn, near York, on Monday, March 23rd, 1789. I am anxious to see a copy of this. Some extracts from it are given in Walbran's Hist, of Gainford, p. 65. CORNTJB.
MARRIAGE LICENSE. — A man about to marry obtains a license, consisting of a piece of parchment or paper, which he hands to the officiating clergy- man. This is not returned to him, but is retained by the clergyman. What does he do with it? Is it returned to the Probate Court of the Diocese, or put into the waste-paper basket of the vestry- room ? If sent to the Court, is it registered, and rendered accessible ? If so, would it not be the quicker mode of ascertaining where a marriage took place, say, a hundred years since, than hunt- ing in the registers of divers parishes ? W. P.
ADMIRAL MOTTLTON. — Will any of your readers be good enough to inform me where I can find an account of this worthy of the 17th century — what his exploits were, and of what family of that name he was ? N. V.
RUDEE : DEFAMEDEN : EIRE. — What is the meaning of rudee, in the following passage ? —
" Sothely no man sendith ynne a medlynge of rudee clothe in to an olde clothe." — Wvcliffe, St. Matthew, ix. 1C.
Is rudeo the same as ruddy; and are we to understand this ruddy in the sense of fresh, new ? We talk of a "fresh complexion," meaning a ruddy one ; and rode orrttdde, is " the complexion" itself. Are the ideas of redness and newness syno- nymous? If so, does this meaning of red come from the Anglo-Saxon ffe^-rafcdawn ?
In verse 31 of the same chapter, defamedcn seems used in the general, not the bad, sense : —
" But thei goynge out, defameden hym thoru5 al that lond."
In chap. viii. v. 32, we have another unusual word, &ere=force : —
" And thei goynge out wente in to the hoggis ; & loo ! in a greet hire al the droue wente heedlynge in to the see."
In Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, we have —
" With alle }>e bur in his body he her hit on lofte."
1. 2261. Again, in The Arcadia (edition 1629, p. 64) : —
"... while the terrible wit of Gynecia, carried with the Beere of violent love, runes through us all."
JOHN ADDIS, Jtn* .
Rustington, Littlehampton, Sussex.
SLLBURY HILL. — As Silbury Hill has attracted some special notice of late, I enclose an extract from an old memorandum-book of iny great uncle, dated 1770. It will of course only bo taken for what it is worth, but it mentions the fact of Sil- bury Hill having been opened in 1723, and some articles found there. Is there any record of the examination then made ? —
From an old Memorandum Book of Mr. John Morgan of Tredegur, 1776.
" SILBURY HILL. — Cumdha. King, buried at Silbury. tlis body taken up in 1723; in March, near the surface at top of the hill, which is GO cubits in diameter. There was also a bridle-bit, some buck horns, and an iron knife with a bone handle taken up. Diameter of Silbury 100 ft. and 500 ft. at bottom. Exact perpendicular altitude, 100 cubits or 170 ft. ; the solid contents of Silbury Hill amount to 13,558,809 cubic feet. Supposed now to make such a hill would cost 20,000f."
OCTAVITJS MORGAN.
The Friars, Newport, Monmouth.
SISYPHUS AND HIS STONE. — I have an indis- tinct recollection of two (I think) hexameter lines in one of the Latin poets, describing very graphic- ally, by the clever use of spondees and dactyls, the work of Sisyphus in Hades with his stone. I should be much obliged if you can give me the lines, and the name of the author. A. SMITHER.
THREE ECLIPSES — As calculated and drawn out by Shri Nat Veiaz, a Brahmin at Catnbay, accord- ing to a Sanskrit MS. in the Fraser Collection, v. p. 37, Eraser's Nadir Shah.
1. What memorable events were celebrated on the festivals of the different eclipses, Sun or Moon, above referred to, and what particulars are given regarding the Hindu days of the week and month on which they fell ?
2. What account is given of the parentage of Shri Nat Veiaz of Cambay, and can he be iden- tified with Vyasa, the celebrated astronomer, who officiated at a sacrifice held at Harihara, in Western India, on an eclipse of the sun visible in Europe on April 7, A.D. 1521 ?
3. What date is affixed to the work ? Who was the ruling authority at the time in Gujrat, and what account is given of the chief to whom it is dedicated ? R. R. W. ELLIS.
Starcross, near Exeter.
WEDNESDAY. — Johnson derives this word from the Anglo-Saxon " Woden's-day," or Odin's day. Zalkind Hourwitz (who lived in the last century), a learned Jew and the author of Apologie des Juifs,
. I. JAN. 4, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
15
La Poly graphic, &c. &c., in his work, Origine des Langiies, favours us with a different derivation. He says that Wednesday is from " Wedian," to wed, aud that it means "wedding day." He re- marks that in all the languages of the north, no deity is connected with the day. Thus, he says, in German it is mit-woch, i. e. u middle week " ; in the Russian and Sclavonic it is chroda, which has the same meaning. But the Swedish and Ice- landic are certainly northern tongues, and in them the names are Woensday and Wensday, ( Vide Johnson.) Hourwitz would perhaps have argued that the Swedish and Icelandic names are derived from the same Saxon or Gothic root as woo, " to court, to make love." Hourwitz contends that our name is of Jewish origin. He quotes the Talmud, Cteboth, cap. i. to prove that the Hebrew name signifies " marriage-day," and that Wed- nesday is " especially set apart for the marriage of virgins." Perhaps some Talmudical scholar will favour " N. & Q." with a "note." Does the Catholic church consider Wednesday more appro- priate for marriages than other days ? I cannot remember any old Anglo-Saxon or Early English authority for " Woden's day." I know of course the
" Fine old ballad of Sir Patrick Spcns,"
as Coleridge calls it, and I am aware that there we have " Woden's day " ! But I am too good a balladist to rely on the authority of a modern- antique by Lady Wardlaw. I leave her " Woden's day " to keep company with her" skipper" and her " cork-heel shoon, " blood-red wine," &c. &c.
J. H. DIXON.
St. Maurice, Valak.
tilutritrf tottft
SIE HENEY CAVENDISH'S "DEBATES." — May I ask you kindly to inform me how many volumes of Sir Henry Cavendish's Debates of the House of Commons, 1768-1774, have appeared in print? I have a copy of vol. L, published in London in the year 184L ABHBA.
[Sir Henry Cavendish's Debate* of the Parliament •which met on May 10, 1768, and was dissolved Jane 22, 1774 — and which, from the strict enforcement of the stand- ing order of the House of Commons excluding strangers from the gallery, has been called "the Unreported Parliament"— were intended hy the editor, Mr. Wright, to have formed four volumes ; and he promised to give an account ol the MS. notes in the preface to the last volume. It was published in parts, four of which were intended to form a volume ; but so little was the encouragement which the editor received, that only seven of these parts were published, and the work ter- minates abruptly at p. 480 of the second volume, in the middle of a speech of Mr. Sergeant Glynn, on May 27, 1771, on the motion for the committal of the Lord Mayor
to the Tower. When the important period covered bv these reports is considered — a period which embraces the whole of the Jnnius controversy, and the early stages of the dispute with our American Colonies — and that they contain upwards of 250 unpublished speeches of Mr. Burke, one almost wonders that some patriotic mem- ber of the Commons has not brought the propriety of securing their publication in a complete form before the House.
It should be added, that Sir Henry Cavendish's Debates on th e Bill for making more effectual Provision for the Govern- ment of the Province of Quebec were published under the editorship of Mr. Wright in 1839.]
MERCHANT TAYLORS' COMPANY.. — Will some reader have the kindness to give the title of a work containing the biography, &c. of the citizens, &c. of the company from the commencement or incorporation up to 1600 or thereabouts ?
GLWYSIG.
[We have never met with a separate history of the Merchant Taylors' Company ; but an extended account of it is given in Herbert's History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies of London, ii. 383-529. There is much relating to the early history of this worshipful Company in Wilson's History of the Merchant Taylors' School, 4to, 1814 ; and a MS. List of the Livery of this Company is in the Corporation library at Guildhall. One worthy, said to be formerly connected with this fraternity must not be passed over, namely, Robert Fitzwalter, who left a gammon of bacon at Dunmow, as we are infor.ned in The. Three Ancient and Curious Histories, printc 1 isi 1743, 4to. This, however, must be left an open question, for this Society, originally styled "The Taylors and Linen Armourers," was incorporated by Edward IV., A.n. 1466 ; whereas we find Dan Chaucer (ob. Oct. 25, 1400) makes his Wife of Bath say, —
" The bacon was not fet for hem, I trowe, That some men have in Essexe at Donmowe."
William Winstanley also published " The Honour of Merchant Taylors, wherein is set forth the valiant deeds and heroick performances of Merchant Taylors in former ages, &c. ; together with their pious acts and large bene- volences ; their building of pnblick structures, especially that of Blackwell Hall, for a market-place for the selling of woollen cloaths : Lond. 16C8, 4to." Two interesting papers on this Company appeared in The City Press of Dec. 27, 18C2, and Jan. 31, 1863.]
TOM PAINE'S BONES. — A distinguished physi- cian of New York, Dr. E. G. Ludlow — a success- ful and well-known practitioner of more than fifty years' service, and who is now iu Germany — informed me that Tom Paine, author of The Age. of Reason, died in New York, and was buried at West-Chester in that state. That some years after his death, some English friend had his re- mains removed to England, where it was intended a monument should be erected to him. The doctor states that the last he knew or heard about
16
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4«>>S. I. JAX. V«8.
the matter was, that Paine's bones were left with Cobbett, and he thinks that they were with Cobbett when he died. Is this statement ^ true, and was any monument ever erected to Paine in England? !>r. Ludlow communicates many in- teresting particulars about Paine, with whom he was acquainted, and which have never appeared in print. W. W. MURPHY.
Frankfort-on-Main.
[On the day after the decease of Thomas Paine, his body was removed, attended by seven persons, to New Kochelle, where he was interred upon his own farm. A stone was placed at the head of his grave, according to the direction in his will, bearing the following inscrip- tion : " Thomas Paine, author of Common Sense, died June 8th, 1809, aged seventy-two years and five months." In the year 1819 Cobbett disinterred his bones, and brought them to England ; but instead of arousing, as he expected, the enthusiasm of the republican party in this country, he only drew upon himself universal contempt. It appears that Cobbett left the bones of Paine in the hands of a committee, who intend to honour them with a public funeral at some future day. Paine's political admirers in America erected in 1839 a showy monument, with a medallion portrait, over his empty grave at New Rochelle.]
ARMS OK CANTERBURY. — Can any of your readers explain why the city of Canterbury still retains on its arms the three Cornish choughs borne by Thomas u Beckct on his escutcheon ? Hasted says they were adopted by Canterbury in honour of its once popular saint. Upon Becket being " unsninted " by Henry VIII. they were ordered to be struck from the arms of the city. At what time were they restored ? A. It. P.
[Our correspondent should have given an authority for the statement that " Henry VIII. ordered Beckct's arms to be struck from the arms of the city." The arms of Canterbury are, Argent, three Cornish choughs proper, two and one ; on a chief, gules, a lion passant guardant, or. Hasted adds in a note, "It appears that this city formerly regarded St. Thomas Decket as its patron and tutelar saint, and therefore borrowed and retains at this day a part of its arms from those borne by him, Avhich were three Cornish choughs proper." — llasted's Kent, edit. 1799, iv.;)99.J
THE HUNDRED ROLLS. — In your number of Dec. 21 (p. 503), there is an allusion to the " Rotuli Ilundredorum," temp. Edward I. Would you kindly give me some account of these rolls ? Were they taken in each reign, nnd for each county ? Where are they to be seen ?
A SUBSCRIBER.
Exeter.
[The "Hundred Rolls " contain inquisitions taken in pursuance of a commission appointed by 2 Edward I., to survey all cities, boroughs, and market towns, and to inquire of all demesnes touching fees and tenements be-
longing to the king or to others. From the returns cer- tain rolls were drawn up for the Court of Exchequer, containing a selection of " Extracts," which supply the deficiency of the lost original Inquisitions, as, for a few counties, no Hundred Rolls have been yet discovered. These " Extracts " are now in the State Paper Office, Fetter Lane. The Hundred Rolls and Extracts have been printed by the Record Commissioners, and entitled Rotuli Hundredorum, temp. Hc.n. III. et Edw. I. in Tvrri Land, et in Curia Receptac Scaccarii West, usservatl," 2 vols. folio, 1812-1818. See Sims's Mnnuul for the Genealogist, &c. cd. 185C, p. 104.]
W. M. THACKERAY'S PORTRAIT. — In one of Thackeray's earlier novels, illustrated, I think, by himself, there was a vignette portrait of the author, which I have long searched for again in vain. I should bo greatly obliged to any of your readers who could refer me to the edition, and the page where it may be found. C. W. B.
[This admirable vignette, " drawn to life," occurs in Thackeray's Vanity Fair, as the tail-piece to Chap. ix. p. 78, of the edition of 1848.]
ftqfttaf.
EOBANUS. (3"> S. xii:43r>.)
When S. S. S. says, " Of Eobanus I know little, and that not to his credit," I suppose he alludes to the great poet's having unfortunately been n votary to Bacchus as well as to the Muses. This was indeed a lamentable fact, but it was not that which caused his name to go down to posterity ; and one may perhaps be allowed to question whether it would be considered altogether fair, ! speaking of some other master-spirits of our day, in a no less enlightened country and in a more civilized age, who were equally addicted to this
Eobanus, who from his love of poetry had pre- fixed the word Helius to his name, and added Hessus to it, from the laud of his birth, was the son of poor people in the employ of the monastery of Heine in Hessen, and born — some say under a tree — in January, 1448, at Beckeudorf, a small locality belonging to the convent, where it was that ho received, from the prior himself, the first rudiments of learning. Later he had the good fortune to become acquainted with the Arnold family, who had him brought up with their own son, and, when fourteen years of age, he travelled with this youth to Frankenberg, where the re- nowned Jacob Horlaus had established a school. This learned doctor soon discerned the high men- tal faculties of his pupil, and predicted—if he would make a good use of them— -he would rise to
4*S. I. JAN.4,'68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
17
celebrity. Eobanns next went to study in Erfurt, and in his seventeenth year first gave out some Latin poems. He was highly favoured by nature, as well physically as mentally. Strong, 'tall, and handsome, he was very expert in riding, dancing, swimming, fencing, and all kinds of athletic exercises: but these accomplishments gave him, perhaps, too much youthful conceit, and he strove to excel in everything, even in undignified strug- gles— such, for instance, as contend against pre- lates and noblemen as to who should have the mastery in drinking ! Cainerarius, his friend and future biographer, alluding to this, says, " De palma in isto genere cum Eobano contendere nemo volebat;" but he had many redeeming qualities. In 1518 he travelled to Louvain, in the Nether- lands, where that powerful genius Erasmus was then residing. At first but coldly received by him, be was, however, soon duly appreciated, and they often interchanged letters. Eobamis likewise kept up an active correspondence with such men as Luther, Melanchthon,Spalatin,Sabin, and other celebrated doctors, such as Justus Jonas, Job. Draco, Joach. Camerarius, Jac. Micyllus, and the learned physician Geo. Sturz. That of itself ahows his sterling. worth. Eobanus was one of the first who frankly and openly advocated Lu- ther's doctrines of Reformation, and he inspired his numerous scholars and friends with the same feelings. When, in 1521, Charles V. summoned the Monk of Witteuiberg to appear before him at the Diet of Worms, Eobanus sallied forth from Erfurt, with many other men of note, on horse- back and on foot, to meet Luther. He welcomed him in a heartfelt harangue, and all escorted him to the Imperial City.
Eobanus, who was married to Katherine Spat- tarin, and had several children, seeing that he could not gain the livelihood of so many persons by his poetry alone, at first thought of following the law, which he had studied formerly ; but by the advice of his worthy friend Sturz, who had given him instruction in his art, he turned his mind seriously towards medical pursuits, but more in writings than by practice. In 1520 Melanchthon induced him to come to Nuremberg, there to give lectures on oratory and poetry in the newly- esta- blished Gymnasium, which he the more willingly accepted, that his friend Camerarius likewise got a situation there. In this city of learning, where, under the protection of wise laws, every respect- able citizen could live in peace and quietness, and the followers of Reform were left unmolested, Eobanus wrote a poem setting forth these inva- luable advantages, for which the Council gave him 78 gold gilders, a handsome sum in those days. His wit, mirth, and humour gave him ad- mission to the first houses, and he was in daily and most pleasing intercourse with Hieron. Paum- giirtner, Bilibald Pirkhaimer, the learned lawyer
Job. Mylius, and Wenceslaua Link, the eloquent preacher and friend of Luther. His love for the artd brought him likewise in frequent contact with the immortal Albert Diirer ; and his bosom friend Camerarius rendered him great service, more es- pecially in his translation of Theocritus in Latin, verses. This work would perhaps never have been completed had not his friend unceasingly stimulated him, as Eobanus could not keep long to the same study. lie thus spent six happy years in Nuremberg. During his absence from Erfurt, which had been much felt, the University had gone down a good deal, and his friends, trusting in him to give it its former reputation again, strove hard to entice him back, which he, though re- luctantly, acceded to. But alas ! what a falling oft' was there ! Not only had the lustre of the University vanished, but the whole community was unhinged ; a deadly religious and political strife broke out soon after his arrival, and he with his family, as well as many citizens, were obliged to flee. Thus baffled in bis hopes and wishes, . and wholly discouraged, Eobanus wrote many let- ters in which the bitterness of his soul gave vent. Erasmus answered him that wjiat he complained of was perhaps not so much caused by the ill-will of those who governed as by the hand of a higher and All-mighty power, by way of punishment; that instead of lamentations he would do better, through his writings, to stimulate in the students the former love of learning, and that the evil would vanish. Eobanus followed this good ad- vice, and buckled to in good earnest. An excellent work of his appeared — the Translation of David's Psalms — which ho dedicated to the Landgraf Philip of Hessen, and for which he received congratulatory letters from Luther, Melanchthon, Jonas, Spalatin, and others. These letters have been printed in the Loipsic edition of 1504. The Landgraf, equally pleased with the work, gave Eobanus a lucrative and agreeable situation in the University of Marburg, frequently invited him to his table, played cboss with him, and derived much pleasure and instruction from his commu- nion with so learned a man. Eobanus thus lived happily in the midst of a numerous family, in easy circumstances, beloved and esteemed by all who knew him ; seconding, to the best of his ability, the strenuous and successful efforts of Philip of Hessen towards Reformation. In 1537 he took part in the celebrated meeting of Protestant princes and theologians at Schmalkalden, the ar- ticles of which were written by Luther. He spent the remainder of his life peaceably, and would have been free from care had he not suf- fered much from the gout, which carried him off on the oth October, 1640. The Landgraf, who loved him, took his sons at Court, and recom- mended the widow and her daughters to his spouse. Among the many writings of Eobanus
18
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4* S. I. JAM. 4, '48.
the best are his Translation of the Psalms, that of • Theocritus, and Homer's Iliad. His Latin Ele- gies are worthy of the best Latin age. His Sylvas, | his Bucolics, are highly esteemed ; also his Hessi \ et amicorum Epistola, and the treatise mentioned by S. S. S., De tuendd bond Valetudine. In the Sibliotheque de David Clement are to be found copious extracts of many of Eobanus's works, some of which have become very scarce.
" Qui fuerit %-ati vultus, dum viveret, Hcsso,
Expressit tabulis ingeniosa manus. Magnum opus ingenij raagno celebratur in orbe : Quo melius mentem pingere iiemo potest.''
My wish to vindicate the memory and reputation of Eobanus Hessus has made me more prolix than I at first thought for. P. A. L.
WRITING KNOWN TO PINDAR : A [HOMERIC SOCIETY SUGGESTED.
(3rt S. xii. 397, 510.)
Lord Wellington's silence regarding the word j " telegram '' is not analogous to Pindar's use of j
\fyttv and ypaeptif.
MR. WILKINS'S quotation from Herodotus i (v. 68) is too brief to show the absurd credulity ; of Herodotus regarding the art of writing, and the story there connected with it. We must take in, at a general view, what Herodotus says in • v. 55-59. He says there that Aristogiton and , Harmodius were by extraction Gephyraeans, and that the Gephyrseans were " of the number of \ those Phoenicians who came with Cadmus to the ; country now called Boeotia." And the credulous historian observes : —
" I myself have seen in the temple of Ismenian Apollo ; at Thebes, in Bccotia, Cadmean letters engraved on cer- , tain tripods, for the most part retembling the Ionian ( !). I One of the tripods bas this inscription : ' Amphitryon dedicated me on his return from the Teleboans.' "
Does MR. WILKINS suppose that a Greek who flourished B.C. 443 could read the Phoenician i characters introduced by Cadmus ?
MR. WILKINS adds, that " Herodotus is not prophesying, but speaking of things within his , own actual knowledge " !
MR. WILKINS subsequently observes that he "prefers the words of a contemporary historian i to the conjectures of the modern critic." It is j simply impossible that Herodotus could have been j the contemporary of " times antecedent to Pindar, ' or B.C. 490," since MR. WILKINS admits that " Herodotus was born B.C. 484."
MR. WILKINS concludes by saying, that "Homer certainly [?] (Iliad, i. 168) shows that in his time the Greeks wrote on folding wooden tablets." The line in question says only this : " while I, having one small and agreeable [prize] come to the ships, when I am wearied with fighting."
This reference is evidently a mistake of some kind; but MR. WILKINS'S word "certainly" puts correction out of the question.
If MR. WILKINS had read Mr. Paley's Intro- duction, he would have seen (pp. xviii. and xix.) that there are more arguments against Pindar's knowledge of reading and writing than his use of
\ey(ur and ypd<f>en:
MR. WILKINS'S communication leads me to tell you that, since my last letter, it has been suggested to me by an old Homeric student — who is a learned, candid, and very intelligent man — that the way to obtain any comprehensive and satisfactory information regarding the Homeric question, is by forming a Homeric Society, with, a periodical publication, specially or chiefly de- voted to the promotion of its particular object; exactly similar to the late Shakespere Society, and to the Classical Societies in every university of Germany.
If a Homeric Society told the students of Homer the new arguments and views on the subject each year, such a society would be of use. This is taking the lowest view of the matter. But it is self-evident that a Homeric Society, properly organised, could achieve a great deal more.
TIIOS. I/ESTRANGE.
6, Chichester Street, Belfast.
DANCES MENTIONED IN SELDEN'S "TABLE-TALK" (3rd S. xii. 477.) — MRS. GATTT has not italicised all the dances mentioned by Selden in the passage she has quoted. " First," says he, "you had the grave Measures." Measures were indeed " solemn" dances, in our usual acceptation of the word. They were more fit for lord chancellors, judges, and for solemn aspirants to those dignities, to " tread," with stately dames, drawing long trains behind them, than for the " light heels and giddy pates" of Charles II.'s courtiers and favourites.
The correct mode of inviting a partner was to " have the honour of treading" a Measure, not to " dance " one. It was the stately opening move- ment to a ball. An Elizabethan writer (Sir John Davies) says in his poem, Orchestra, of this dance : —
" Yet all the feet •whereon these Measures go,
Are only spondees — solemn, grave, and slow." Corants or Corantos were in country-dance time, but more for vertical than for horizontal skipping : " There they did dance
As in France ; Not in the English lofty manner."
Trenchmore, the Cushion Dance, and the Galli- ard will be found described (so far as I could obtain materials) in Popular Music of the Olden Time, with their tunes. For the Gattiard, the index of " Subjects" should be referred to, as well as the index of " Tunes." The " omnium gatherum,
4* S. I. JAW. 4, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
19
tolly polly, hoite come toite," are but Selden's expressions of contempt. WM. CHAPPELL.
An account of the dance and the tune of Trench- more will be found at page 82 of Chappell's Old English Music. The Cushion Dance is described in Playford's Dancing Master ; and the account is extracted and given at page 215 of Mr. John Timbs's work Something for Every body, or a Gar- land for the Year. LYDIARD.
NAVAL SONGS (3rd S. xii. 461.)— J. L. will find the song he enquires about in Captain Marryat's novel Poor Jack. It is there called " Spanish Ladies," and is supposed to be sung by a Greenwich pensioner. I am only quoting from memory, bat I believe the lines run thus : — " Farewell and adieu to you, Spanish ladies ! Farewell and adieu to you, ladies of Spain ! For we have received orders for to sail for Old England, But we hope that we shortly shall see you again. " We'll rant and we'll roar across the salt ocean, \\V11 rant and we'll roar across the salt seas, Until we strike soundings in the channel of Old England, From Ushant to Scilly is thirteen degrees."
Whether this is a genuine sea-song, or a clever imitation of one by Captain Marryat, I cannot say. He allowed no ran ting and roaring on board his own ship, he being a very good and very strict officer. Mr. Midshipman Easy would have had very little scope for his pranks under the command of such a captain. Poor Jack is a capital novel, and the illustrations, by Clarkson Stanfield, are very beautiful. C. W. BARK LEY.
J. L. will find the song for which he enquires in Captain Marryat's novel of Poor Jack. Also, another version (slightly differing), and with the tune, in Popular Music of the Olden Time, ii. 737. I believe the first publication was in my early collection, entitled National English Airs (printed in 18-'58, 39, 40). Lord Vernon had then favoured me with a copy of the tune, and with the first verse, only, of the words. Three complete copies of the words were subsequently collected for me, from different sources, through the kind instru- mentality of my friends W. Durrani Cooper, Esq., F.S. A.; W. Sandys, Esq., F. S. A. ; and T. Oliphant, Esq. These versions differed as much as old songs, collected from tradition, usually differ. For instance, one commenced with the line —
" Now farewell to you, y* fine Spanish ladies," another with —
" Farewell and adieu to yon, Spanish ladies.''
Here alone was enough variation to baffle an index. From these three, and from Captain Mar- ryat's version, I chose the copy I have printed, sometimes guided in the selection by the accents of ths tune. WM. CHAPPELL.
" ULTIMA RATIO REGUM " (3rt S. xii. 430.)— Louis XIV. perhaps took his motto from Cal-
deron, whose En csta J'ida todo es Verdad y todo Mentira must have been familiar to a court in which Spanish literature held the first place. Corneille made this play the basis of his Heraclms, condensing the fustian into rhetoric, and eliminat- ing the poetry. The Emperor Phocas while on a visit to Cinthia, Queen of Trinacria, is required by an envoy to give up the empire to Federico, Grand Duke of Calabria, who claims to be the lawful heir. Phocas cuts the envoy's speech short by an abrupt refusal, and says —
" i Pues que aguardas ? I Ya no llevas la respuesta ? " Federico. Que sepas que en la campaua, Ultima razon dc Reyes Son la pdlvora y las balas."
Jor*. ii. t. i. p. 594, ed. Keil. I cannot trace the thought farther back, but suspect that it was a proverbial phrase in Calde- ron s time. He cared little for such on anachronism as powder and ball under Phocas, but he would not deliberately have given them to the Duke of Calabria when the Queen of Trinacria's soldiers have only bows and arrows. On her ordering them to search for some fugitives, Ismenia seys : — " Y todas procuraremos, Pues todas arcos y flechas Manejamos, en su busco Ser, Setiora las primeras."
Jam. i. p. 579.
H. B. C.
U. U. Ctob.
AK ETCHING QTTEBY (3rd S. xii. 340.)— As an amateur wood-engraver and a professional en- graver on steel and copper, and consequently well versed in the nature of ground* upon wood and the two metals just mentioned, I think it doubtful whether F. M. S. will ever meet with an ink which will prove satisfactory in its results upon such a tender thing as an etching- ground upon copper or steel. If, however, F. M. S. will read a paper written by myself, and printed in No. 392 of All the Year Sound, under the title of "Engraved on Steel," I thing F. M. S. will there see how, by a very simple process of tracing and burnishing, he may procure a beautiful transfer of the most delicate lines upon an etching-ground, and that without having recourse to the rolling press.
EDWIN ROFFE.
THE SILENT WOMAN (3rd S. ix. 431.) — In France you not unfrequently meet with signs over inn-doors representing a woman withoutv a head, and with the inscription beneath, " A la bonne femme; because, having no head, it is supposed she can do no mischief. This, I fancy, is likewise the meaning of The Silent Woman at Chelmsford.
P. A. L.
Loms XIV. AND CHEVALIER D'ISHINOTON (3"1 S. ix, 409.) — I have to apologise for this late notice of J. M.'s query. The elder sons of the last
20
NOTES AND QUERIES.
4*S. I. JAN. 4, '68.
proprietor of Ardross, Fife, were supposed to have gone to London in the train of James VI. of Scot- land when the family estates were sold. The chevalier may have been descended from one of them. A younger son had previously gone to Orkney, of which and Zetland he became sheriff and commissary under Earl Robert Stewart, and afterwards under his son Earl Patrick. The male line of this branch will die with my informant, Mr. Dishington, corn-merchant, Leith.
SETH WAIT.
AGGAS'S MAP OP LONDON, 1560 (3rd S. xii. 504.) I fear that I put my query respecting this map somewhat ambiguously. I am aware that there is a copy of the original map in the wonderfully fine London collection at the City Library, Guild- hall, but my query referred to the locality of the Sloane copy of it. It must be a map of the most extraordinary rarity, and I believe that Mr. E. W. Ashbee has resolved to produce a lithogra- phic facsimile of it. A more valuable contri- bution to London topography can hardly be imagined. How well do I recall the pleasant conversations with my late dear friend, Mr. Fair- holt, on this and other London maps; and his continual expression of regret that there was so little encouragement for the production of a con- templated work on the subject.
J. 0. HALLIWJELL.
There are two, if not three, original copies of this map in existence : one in the Guildhall Library ; one in the Pepysian Collection in Mag- dalen College, Cambridge ; and one stated to be in the Library, Lambeth Palace. The size is G ft. 3 in. x 2 ft. 4 in., on six sheets and two half- sheets. A facsimile was executed, in 1748, by Geo. Vertue on six sheets for the Society of Antiquaries. These copies are frequently to be met with. T. H. W.
EXECUTION OF Louis XVI. (3rd S. xi. 521.) — The following anecdote may not be uninteresting to some readers. I had read on the morning of a day that I dined with Prince Talleyrand, an article in the Quarterly Revinv which was supposed to have been written by Mr. Croker. I forget what it was, but the subject was the French Revolu- tion ; and there were details of the execution on the Place, called, at different times, Louis Quinze, de la Revolution, and de la Concorde. Prince Talleyrand lived in a house at the corner of this Place, out of the Rue St. Florentin, and the room in which he received his guests had a balcony looking over it. It was one of the long days of summer, and, with Mr. Croker's article in my head, I, after dinner, asked the prince in what part of the place the guillotine was placed, think- ing, as I believe most people do, that it was in the centre. The prince said " No," and, hobbling into the balcony, pointed out its situation, half way be-
tween the present obelisk and the wide entrance to the garden of the Tuileries, which I understood him did not exist at that period. HOWDEN.
LATTEN OR BRONZE (3rd S. xii. 301.) — Musical hand-bells, as used by members of campano- logical bands, are made of a compound metal called latten. It is a mixture of copper and tin, and therefore bronze. House-bells are likewise made of latten. The proportion of the constituents for the former bells is 16 parts by weight of copper, with 3] of tin : and for the latter, 16 of copper with 4 of tin. THOMAS WALESBT.
Golden Square.
LETTERS OF GOTTLIEB SCHICK (3rd S. xii. 495.) The punctuation of lines 14-20 of the second column perverts the sense. Please to read: — " Joseph Koch, the German painter, whose works," says Friedrich von Schlegel, ' in his best time, are the most remarkable in the entire cycle of modern German art, from the deep feeling concentrated in them, and the luxuriant richness of nature which they represent ' — the two Schlegels — Ludwig Tieck and his gifted brother Friedrich the sculp- tor," &c. H. K.
SPANISH DOLLARS (3rd S. ix. 368, 460.) — H. W. D. rightly says — " Your correspondent has committed an error in this couplet, which spoils the sense"; but I would beg to add, that both have spoiled the sense of justice. Although poor George III. was long blind and insane, he was no fool ; no more was Charles III. of Spain an ass : and, to speak but of the latter, methinks the following will prove it : —
He first of all reigned over Parma, which he inherited from his mother Elizabeth Farnese, in 1731. His father Philip V. having ceded to him the Two Sicilies in 1734, he remained, after beat- ing, the Imperialists at Bitonto in 1735, undis- puted king under the name of Charles VI. ; and, for the space of twenty-eight years, governed these states with mildness and wisdom. In 1759 he succeeded his brother Ferdinand VI. on the throne of Spain. " In 1761 took place the Pacte de famillc, between him and Louis XV., which guaranteed the rights of the House of Bourbon, lie was not fortunate, certainly, in the first war waged by France and Spain against England in 1762; but in the second (1778) he captured Mahon, and got Louisiana ceded to him. He knew well to choose his ministers, and always governed with judgment and justice. His con- stant efforts tended towards the amelioration of the state of Spain. To him is due the Canal of Tudela, good highroads, the Custom House and Post Office at Madrid, the Museum of National History, the Botanical Garden, the Academy of Painting, and the Hospital. He likewise abolished, for a time, bull-fights — was very much beloved, and his memory venerated. P. A. L.
4'h S. I. JAN. 4, '08.1
NOTES AND QUERIES.
THE CHAMPION WHIP '(3rd S. xii. 413.)— The following extract from the Jockey Club rules refers to it : —
" The whip may be challenged for on the Monday or Tuesday in the first spring, or on Monday and Tuesday in the second October meeting in each year ; and the ac- ceptance must be signified, or the whip resigned before the end of the same meeting. If challenged for and accepted in the spring, to be run for on the Tuesday in the second October meeting following: and if in the October, on the Thursday in the first spring meeting fol- lowing. Beacon Course, to stake 200 sovs. each, play or pay ; weight, 10 st."
To the best of my recollection Mr. Chaplin, owner of Hermit, the Derby winner, challenged in the spring, and now holds the whip with his horse Kama, as the Marquis of Hastings, who held it with Lecturer, refused to run.
J. WILKIXS, B.C.L.
MEDICAL QUERY (3rd S. xii. 347.) — If MR. CRAWLEY were to go to the next horse-fair, and by the light of his own unassisted judgment buy a horse " tied up to the rail," from "a coper," he would most probably buy a " shotten piper," ». e. a broken-winded horse, whose infirmity was for a time concealed by a liberal dose of shot and tal- low. I believe the arsenic contained in the shot is the efficient cause. At any rate, arsenic is good for the wind of horses or dogs, and, possibly, in- digestion in man. I occasionally run greyhounds, and always finish off their training by giving them, during the last fortnight, a daily dose of ten drops of liq. potass, araenitis, or " Fowler'a solution," which contains £ grain of arsenic in the tiuid drachm. J. WILKIXS, B.C.L.
BRITISH MUSEUM DUPLICATES (3rd S. xii. 342.) This note reminds me of some of my old experi- ences at the British Museum Heading Room. I had occasion, nearly thirty years ago, to study pretty closely the Complutensian Polyglott : the copy which was brought me was already stamped " Duplicate," — just, I think, as I had seen books marked which have been sold from the library. In case of dishonesty, the book was already marked as if it had been disposed of. I wished to obtain a copy for myself of the Complutensian Polyglott ; and seeing this stamp, I made inquiry if it were for sale. I was told that it was ordered to be retained, after it had been marked to be sold.
Soon after this, I obtained a good copy at a sale, which still holds a conspicuous place in my study ; so that I have had no occasion to inquire for the Museum duplicate, which I hope (in spite of the stamp on it) is still in its location. It was bound in old red morocco, with the royal arms on the sides ; such as they became from the union with Scotland in 1707, until that with Ireland in 1801, — that is, with the first quarter party per pale England and Scotland. L.EL'ITJS.
Most probably SIR T. WixxrxGiox mistook T for
| F, and the book belonged to Francis Hargravo, the
j great lawyer, whose library of books and MSS.
! was bought by the Museum. He was Lord
i Thurlow's "devil"; and upon seeing the pair in
the Chancellor's coach, Jekyll the wit said:
(i There go the lion and his provider."
J. WiLxnrs, B.C.L.
PROPHECY OF LOUIS-PHILIPPE (3rd S. ix. 430.) Is BRIGHTLIXO very certain that —
" On that same day, in 1820, the Duke of Orleans went to congratulate the Duchess of Berri on the birth of a son, who might one day be King of France " ?
I always understood that the Duke of Orleans, on the contrary, formally protested at the time, in the hands of Louis XVlII., against the recog- nition of I? Enfant <hi Miracle. P. A. L.
JAMES KEIR, F.R.S. (3rd S. xii. 413.)— Some details of the life and works of this eminent man of science of the last century — the friend of Boulton, Watt, Murdock, Priestley, Darwin, and others, who made Birmingham so famous - a cen- tury ago — are now being published in the " Local Notes and Queries " of the Birmingham Journal, copies of which shall be sent if your querist will send you his address. ESTE.
JKitoflmmtf.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Historical ^It-mortals of Westminster Abbey. By Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, D.D., Dean of Westminster. (Murray.)
Dr. Stanley signalised his occupation of the Deanery of Canterbury by a very pleasing and instructive history of the magniiicent cathedral of that city. Having happily been transferred to Westminster, he has done the same good service to the " Royal and National Sanctuary " entrusted to his charge : and as Westminster must hold far higher rank than Canterbury in historical importance, so will the work before us, in which the Dean has en- deavoured, and very successfully, to give us " The His- tory of England iu'Westminster Abbey," greatly exceed in interest and information the Canterbury volume. The Dean has shown considerable judgment in the manner in which he has contrived to treat harmoniously the various, and in some respects discordant, materials with which he has had to deal. From the foundation of the Abbey, its legendary traditions, and the motives and character of the Confessor, he proceeds to consider his death, from which sprang the coronation of William the Conqueror, which carries with it the coronations of all our sovereigns. The third chapter is devoted to the tombs of the kings; and their connection with the struc- ture of the church is so intimate, that the Dean here introduces such notices of the architectural changes as are compatible with the object of his book. From the burials of the kings, follow naturally the burials of their more or less illustrious subjects ; and the work is wound up by a notice of the events and personages (chiefly ecclesiastical) that have figured within the Precincts before and since the Reformation. It would seem diffi-
22
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4* S. I. JAN. 4, '68.
cult to imagine anything which could add to the interest of a meditative stroll through the glories of St. Peter's, Westminster ; but a preliminary reading of Dean Stan- ley's Memorials will undoubtedly tit us to turn to still more profitable account the thoughts and reflections which must arise in our minds as we tread these solemn aisles, and think of the mighty dead by whose monuments we are surrounded.
Curiosities of London, exhibiting the most rare and re- markable Objects of Interest in the Metropolis, with nearly Sixty Years1 Personal Recollection*. By John Timbs, F.b.A. A. new Edition, corrected and enlarged. (Longmans.)
The twelve years which have elapsed since Mr. Timbs first presented his Curiosities of Lnmlon to the public have not effected greater changes in the metropolis itself than in the volume which our author has dedicated to its history. It was then a squat closely-printed duodecimo ; it is now a goodly neatly-printed octavo of nearly nine hundred pages. Nor is the change confined to its size. It is enlarged as well as improved. And we think it would be hard to find a London building or locality of which the chief points of historical interest are not pleasantly related in Mr. Timbs' very useful volume.
Sussex Archaeological Collections. Volt. XVIII. and XIX. (Bacon, Lewes.)
The publications of this Society continue to possess general as well as local interest. That it has adopted a paid editor is only in the ordinary course of events, when the older members, like Mr. Blaauw, are obliged to withdraw from active participation in the volumes ; but the two noticed above do credit to the members. They continue to give the results of more recent discoveries, as well as original documents extracted from the ample resources placed at the disposal of literary men by the Master of the Rolls, and from other MS. collections. Jack Cade's rising; the route of Charles II. in 1G51; the notice of flint implements; the Royalist composi- tion papers, and the early notices of Bosham, are of importance beyond the county. The authentic notices of Jack Cade and his followers, for the first time printed, give direct contradiction to the popular opinion as to that rebellion. Cade was not deserted by his followers, ob- taining their pardons without his knowledge ; and the participation in the movement by the Abbot of Battle, the Prior of Lewes, and many of the principal families in East Sussex, shows that it was not a mere revolt of un- educated men.
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII., preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, and elsewhere in England, arranged and catalogued by J. S. Brewer, M.A. Vol. III., Parts I. and II. (Longmans.)
When we announce that this new volume of Mr. Brewer's Calendar contains in its two parts upwards of two thousand pages, that it comprises the papers relating to the years 1519-1523, and that Mr. Brewer's introduc- tory view of the history which they illustrate extends over upwards of four hundred pages, it will be seen that we can do no more than recommend the book to the attention of all students of the period of our history to which it relates.
BOOKS RECEIVED. — The Journal of Sacred Literature, No. IV. Fifth Series.
(Williams & Xorgate.)
We regret to find that this Journal, which has for twenty years, without regard to party, appealed to the patient, the learned, and the thoughtful, is about to cease ; and many of thos^who read the article on " The
nt those %v
Talmud " in the number before us, an article adopting very different views from those of The Quarterly, will share our regret.
Talking of The Quarterly reminds us to hrin°- under the notice of our readers The Quarterly Review, Nos 241 242, forming the General Index to Vols. Cl. to CXX. inclusive. The value of a set of The Quarterly is greatly diminished when it wants the Indices ; and these, if not secured at once, are sometimes difficult to meet with. More about Junius. The Franciscan Theory unsound.
Reprinted from " Fraser's Magazine," with Addition*
by A. Hayward, Q.C. (Longmans.)
If a perusal of Mr. Parke's Life of Francis has left upon the minds of any of its readers an impression that Sir Philip was Junius, Mr. Hay ward's arguments will, we think, thoroughly remove it. This enlarged reprint of the article in Fraser's Magazine is a valuable addition to the long list of essays on Junius.
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THE ALP*. (Privately priuted). Dublin. ISIS. THE HIBERNIAN MAUAIINE for 1771, 177*. 1773. THK IAHDON MUSEUM or POLITICS, MISCELLANIES, AMD LITERATURE.
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GROSE'S ANTIQUITIES. Vol. VI. Large 8vo, published by Hooper. Wanted by Mr. H. T. Cooke 4- Son, Bookseller, Warwick.
R*r. E. FORSTER'S Translation of the THOUSAND AND OXB Ni««Ti, ("Arabian Night*' Entertainments ").
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Amimg other articles of interest which mil appear in early numbfrs of" N. & Q." are — Society of Bibliographers; Scottisli Pronunciation of Latin; .Samuel Patterson and hi* Universal Catalogue; Lawrens) Beyerlinclt: The Handwriting ol Junius, 4-c.
CALEB. We. had hopeil that bu 'hit tint it teat generaUy known, thai Hurt it no charge, Jor inserting Queries.
FAMILY QUERIES. We have again to explain that all Queriet rt*p«ct- inti person* or familiet. not of general interest, mtttt be fulacribed by the name and with the aildrett of the Querist, to that the. iiifurmatiun taught fur may be tent to him direct,
To OCR CoHKitronotNTt generally weicould tvggttt —
\. That <J<»ttrib itiirst >knul t append their nantftaml addrentet.
1. That whrn writiiiu niionym<jii>ly they should give the tame informa- tion tn the Editor.
3. That Quotationt be certified by precise reference! to edition, chapter, or page ; and reference! to " N. ft Q." by tenet, volume, ami p<we.
4. Write, clearlu and dittinr.tlu, more particular/I/ proper name*, and on one fide of the paper. We cannot umlrrtakr to puizlf. out what a Corretfiondent doet not think worth the trouble of writing distinctly.
If A HFRA. .1 Jane IK a $mall coin of Gmoa, or Janua ; tuppoted to bt the tame at the galley halfpence mentioned by , Stotce. See ffaret't Oilouary.
J. MANPKL. We fear that the ttibject of baptism in Scotland by a lay- man may lead to a long diicttition.
ERRATA 3rd 8. jii. p. yn. col. i. line 24, /or"De la Le" read " De
la Se ;" col. ii. line* 1 7 and 18. for" Reevesly " read "Reeresby."
A Reading Ca«e for holding the weekly No*, of "N. * Q." 1* now ready, and maybe had of all Booksellers and Newsmen , price \t.6d.; or. free by post, direct from the publisher, for U. 8rf.
••• Cases for binding the volumes of " N. ft Q." may be had of the Publisher, and of all Booksellers and Newsmen.
"NoT« AND QOBRIEI" i.« piMisJifr! nt nnrm on Friday, and it alto itrueil in MONTBLV PARTS. The Subscription fur STAMPED COPIES far fix Uontht forwarded direct from the Publisher (ixcludwg the Half- yearly INDEX) it ll». 4</.. which may be paid by Pott Office Order* panable at the Stran'l Pott Office, in favour of WILLIAM O. SMITH, 43, WELLINGTON STHKET. STRAND, W.C., where alto all COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE EDITOR thould be addretted.
"NOTES ft QUERIES" i* registered for transmission abroad.
4*8.1. JAW. 11, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
23
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY It, 1868.
CONTENTS.— N« 2.
NOTES : — Universal Catalogue, Ac.. 23 — The Ancient Scot- tish Pronunciation of Latin, 24— "The Bridge of Sighs," 25 -Society of Bibliographer*, 26— Whitney Family — Sir R. Tresilian — Sir John Maxwell, of Southbar, Poet — The Nile — Sewing Machines Sixty Years ago — Major Salwey — Derivation of England — Atherton : Archdea- conry of Totncs — Jannock, 26.
QUERIES : — Vandyke's Portrait of Sir R. Ayton — Dice — Festus — " Sir Fon " — Fotheringay Castle — Letter of Lord Galway — Ged's Stereotypes— German Architecture
— I, Ego —"Imperator — Jeremy — Abraham Kick — No Love Lost — Paniot — Quotations — Pershore, its Etymo- logy _ Reeistrura Sacrum Americannm — Royal and Noble Gamesters— Scottish Local Histories— Shakspeare : Shylock — Soldrup — " Solvitur Ambulando " — Suborders in the English Church — Thomas Family — King Zohrab, 28.
QUBRIBB WITH AK8WBB8: —Lines by Sir John Philipott
— Setebos and Walleechu — Forrester's Litany — Anony- mous— Machanes.31.
REPLIES:— Sir Thomas Chaloncr, 83— Spanish Armada: "Zabras," Ac., 31 — Thud, Ib.— Hour-Glasses in Pulpits 35 — Junius: Sir Philip Francis, 36 — Sir Richard Phil- lips, 37— Gibb Baronetcy— What becomes of Parish Re- gisters? — Cuddy — Beauty Unfortunate — Family of Napoleon — Use of the Word " Party " — Her — Longevity of Lawyers — Mathew Family — Dr. Wolcot — Tom Paine
— Sir James Wood's Regiment - Marriage of Women ;to Men — Homeric Traditions — "Comparisons areOJious"
— Brush or Pencil — Religious Sects — St. Osbcrn — Heraldic Queries. Ac.— Venice in 184S-4'J— Arms of Found- ling Hospital— William Bridge— Gibbon's Htrase at Lau- sanne — Bloody, Ac., 87.
Notes on Books Ac.
ftottf.
UNIVERSAL CATALOGUE:
SAMUEL PATER8ON, BOOK AUCTIONEER, LONDOX.
The announcement that there is shortly to ap- pear weekly, through the medium of " N. & Q." the publication of a UNIVERSAL ART CATALOGUE, must have afforded to a numerous body of readers great satisfaction. No doubt such an undertak- ing will be attended with much labour and great anxiety to all parties concerned. But then, with a cordial co-operation the attempt to eventually accomplish a UNIVERSAL CATALOGUE may be crowned with success.
Upon making a search among some of my old stores, I laid my hands upon a work entitled —
" Bibliotheca Universalis Selecta. A Catalogue of Books, Ancient and Modern, in various Languages and Faculties, and upon almost every branch of Science and Polite Literature; including an extensive collection of Classical, Critical, and Philological Learning; collected, for the most part, in Germany and the Netherlands : Methodically digested, with a view to render it useful to Students, Collectors, and Librarians : to which is added, An Index of Authors, Interpreters, and Editors. Which will be sold by auction by SAM. PATERSON, at his great room in King Street, Covent Garden, London, on Mon- day, May 8, 1786, and the thirty-five following days."
• -' As the " preface " prefixed to this valuable col- lection is rather interesting, and appears to bear a good deal upon the value of what is now going to be adopted, I feel that such then sentiments
are well worthy of being note more generally known and disseminated. This may be done by a reprint thereof in the columns of " N. & Q. : " —
" PREFACE.
"The arrangement of libraries is of no small import- ance to literature, more especially in an age when there are far more literary inquiry, just criticism, and general reading than were ever known in this country.
" Strange that the great aera of dissipation should be the greatest of good letters !
'This was some time a paradox, but now the time gives it proof.' — Shakespeare.
"A library undigested is a chaos, of little more use to the owner, or to the public, than so many divided parts of instruments ; for books, in each class or science, may be considered as component parts of the same instrument ; and to put them together properly is very essential to the observer and to the student.
" I have laboured many years in this track, with little benefit to myself beyond the satisfaction arising from the consideration of its utility (myself having been always of the least consequence to myself) ; but if the diligent student has been served, and the curious inquirer gratified, the labourer is amply rewarded.
" The expediency and necessity of classing vohiminous collections and public libraries is self-evident, as it is the only mean of pointing out the progress of science and knowledge of every kind, from the origin of printing, to which happy invention we owe the revival and diffusion of letters, to the present time, and of noting the desiderate in each : for to know what is wanting, and may be done, it is highly necessary to be acquainted with what has already been done.
" By such information, those who gather after others' harvests, may be led into the rich fields of Boaz, where the weightiest gleanings are to be found : such as com- pose thro' idleness, or boast, inadvertently, known facts for novelties, or designedly utter old for new opinions and discoveries, may find that all they have to say has been better said already, and thereby spare themselves much pains and their readers much trouble; while such as fabricate for bread, contenting themselves with pillag- ing some two or three known authors (and, it may be, the very worst they could have chose) may learn, at least, the names of better tools, of which too many of our modern bookmakers appear to be entirely ignorant.
"To render the present catalogue more useful to stu- dents, collectors, and librarians, is subjoined an index of authors, interpreters, and editors, which, tho' pretty ac- curate, is not altogether free from mistakes.
" Its general use is too obvious to be insisted upon, but in no one respect more so than in the discrimination of persons of the same, or nearly the same name, from the neglect of which many errors in biography have been committed ; and, to the philosophical reader, con- sidered as a register of minds, will be as acceptable as an alphabet of arms.
" S. P.
" London, 3rd April, 1786."
Samuel Paterson must have been a person of great talent, and possessed of much bibliographical knowledge. The preface prefixed to hie liiblto- theca Croftsiana, 1783, is highly curious and very interesting. He is reported to have been the " best cataloguer of his day." . Sketches of his life are in the Gent.'s Mag. and European Mag. for 1802. THOMAS GEORGE STEVENSON.
Edinburgh.
24
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4th S. I. JAN. 11, 'C8.
THE ANCIENT SCOTTISH PRONUNCIATION OF LATIN.
It is the common belief that the broad pronun- ciation of the Latin vowels has always been the recognised use in Scotland, as on the Continent. Following as I do this mode, and prejudiced in favour of its antiquity, I am yet at a loss to re- concile with the received notion the evidence afforded by the writings of Scottish poets pre- ceding the Reformation.
William Dunbar (1455-1520) has left a well- known piece, called a " Lament for the Death of the Makers," in which he eulogises a number of poets, chiefly Scottish, who had flourished before his day, or whom he had outlived. (I quote from Mr. Laing's edition, 1834.) There are twenty- five stanzas, each ending with the same line in Latin, as in these examples : —
3. " The stait of man dois chainge and vary, Now sound, now seik, now blyth, now sary, Now dansand mirry, now lyk to die ; Timor Mortis conturbat me.
5. " Unto the Deid gois all estaitis, Princis, prelottis and potestaitis, Baith riche and puire of all degre ; Timor Mortis conturbat me.
23. " Gud Maister Walter Kennedy, In poynt of dede lyis veraly ; Gret reuth it wer that so suld be : Timor Mortis conturbat me."
In the other stanzas also, the Latin me is made to rhyme, and in several instances with words in the vernacular Scotch, so as clearly to exclude the broad sound of the vowel. Mr. Laing points out that the words forming the burden of the " La- ment" are borrowed from a poem by Lydgate. This, however, cannot go far in the way of explanation.
In Dunbar's poem, "Of Man's Mortalitie," we have —
" Lyk as ane schaddow in ane glass, Syne glydis all thy tyme that heir it : Think, thocht thy bodye war of brass, Quod tu in cinerera reverteris."
And so in the five following stanzas, all ending •with the same Latin line. There are the rhymes " weir is," " feiris," " teiris," &c. Writers of such verses were by no means careful to adhere to the rules of prosody or accent.
Again, in " The Testament of Mr. Andro Ken- nedy," Dunbar makes the supposed testator thus enigmatically refer to " Mr. Jonney Clerk " : — " Were I a doig and he a swyne, Multi mirantur super me, Bot I sould gar that lurdane quhyne, Scribendo denies sine de." (D)
It being once apparent that such an author intends, as in the instances quoted, that the words terminating Latin lines introduced into his verse shall be pronounced in a certain way, it must be
held that the other Latin words are meant to receive a pronunciation consistent with that mode. I am thus constrained to read those occurring in Dunbar's poems in the " English " fashion.
The Scottish poet quoted above is not the only north-country bard of his time that appears to have followed the Anglican use. With " Walter Kennedy," whom Dunbar laments as lying at death's door, he had previously carried on a rhym- ing warfare in language more expressive than polite. In " The Flyting of Dunbar and Kennedy," we find the latter thus addressing his contem- porary : —
" Cum to the Cross on kneis and mak a cria ; Confess thy cryme, hald Kennedy thy King, And with ane hawthorn scurge thyse'lf and ding ; Thus dre* thy pennance with ' Deliyuisti quia.' "
Here we have the Vulgate Psalter read with an English pronunciation. Further, there have been left us by John Clerk, whom Dunbar names in his "Lament," a few verses of "Advice to Luvaris," where these lines occur (Sibbald's Col- lection, 1802) : —
" Sum sayis his luve is ' A per ««,' But sum, forsuth, ar so opprest
With luve, war bettir lat it be"
•
The phrase "A per se" was a favourite one with our old Scottish poets, and, so far as I have seen, was always rhymed as above. It is found more than once in the " Tales of the Thrie Priestis of Peblis" (Sibbald's Collection), belonging to the latter part of James V.'s reign. The same poem contains also this passage (with the meaning of which we are not at present concerned) : —
" And gif thair be nane abil thair that can, That office weil steir, quhar sal thay than Bot to the thrid way to ga forthi, Quhilk is callit Via scrutari."
In the foregoing quotations, taken together, the Latin vowels a, e, and t were evidently in- tended by the writers to be pronounced as in English.
It is not until after the date at which Scotland threw off the supremacy of Rome that Scottish verse-makers give the broad sound to the scraps of Latin introduced by them. I have noted two instances. In a " Ballad in derision of the PopischeMes" (Sibbald), the word " meum " is rhymed with " slay him " ; and in the scurrilous " Legend of the Bischop of St. Androis' Lyfe, Mr. Patrick Adam8*on" (Dalyell's Scottish Poems of the Sixteenth Century, 1801), there is this couplet : —
" With eructavit cor meum, He hosted thair a hude-full/ra him."
The earlier Scottish writers might with equal facility have followed the like mode of pronun- ciation. Their adoption of the Anglican use is remarkable, considering the close and long-con-
4<>>S. I. JAN. 11, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
25
tinued intercourse between Scotland and the Con- tinent, the contrary usage that was observed in the performance of the church services, and the study of the civil law abroad by Scotchmen, with its practical application at home, involving the daily oral use of the language in which its insti- tutes are written. Dunbar was an alumnus of St. Andrew's University, spent part of his early life on the Continent, and was in priest's orders. Walter Kennedy was educated at Glasgow. Their admiration of the works of Chaucer — " of Makers the Flower," as Dunbar styles him — will not ex- plain the matter. His poems show that he some- times gave the broad sound to the Latin vowels, and at other times followed the opposite mode. In "The Prioresse's Tale," for instance, where she tells of the cruel murder by the Jews of the Christian child who had filled them with wrath by his habit of singing a hymn to " Christ's dear Mother," and the power of vocal utterance mira- culously retained by the little martyr after his death, while the priests sprinkled "holy water" on hia body — these lines are found : —
" Yet spake the child, whan spreynde was the water, And sung ' O Alma Redemptons Mater ! ' "
Here the broad pronunciation is clearly indi- cated. To this use, indeed, Chaucer seems to lean — so far as can be gathered from his un- doubted poems. "The Lamentation of Mary Magdaline," attributed to him, but as to the au- thorship of which his editors are not agreed, although it certainly belongs to his period, fur- nishes several instances of an English pronuncia- tion : a difference of use which may possibly favour the opinion that the " Lamentation is not his composition. Perhaps there contemporane- ously existed in England the two modes 01 speak- ing Latin : the ecclesiastical use maintaining its ground with increasing difficulty against the secular or more scholastic fashion followed by native Englishmen. Coming down two centuries or thereby, to John Skelton, the clerical satirist and rhyming buffoon (yet highly praised by Eras- mus for hia learning), I cannot suppose that any fondness for his verses, where the Latin vowels invariably receive the English sound, led Dunbar and the other Scottish poets to imitate in this respect the practice, of an author whose delight was to abuse and calumniate in the most offensive way their native country, their king James IV., ana all Scotchmen.
The passages cited in the present note, from the Scottish poetical literature of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, are by themselves too scanty ns materials of evidence to warrant me in doing more than concluding with a query or two which they, however, suggest, viz. : Did the pro- nunciation of Latin followed by Dunbar and other Scottish poets, before the Reformation in North
Britain (1560), represent the scholastic use there during their time ? If not, why did they, in writing for their own countrymen, deliberately throw aside the ordinary and familiar pronuncia- tion, and prefer the mode used only by their " auld enemies of England " ? NORVAL CLTNE. Aberdeen.
" THE BRIDGE OF SIGHS." The bridge to which this sparkling jeu tfesprit referred was an unsightly wooden structure, near the Midland Railway Station at Nottingham, and leading across the line from Station Street to the meadows.
" One more erection, Worthy of note, In the direction
Of Wilford boat,* Where the line Lincolnwards
Quitteth the Station. Gaze and admire at its
Proud elevation I . " Winterly, summerly,
Months, it hath stood ; Fashioned so monstrously,
Iron and wood. " Look at its soaring, so
High in the air — While humanity ponders — Astonished, and wonders
How it came there ! M Who was the builder ?
Who the designer ? Was it A. Pugin ?
Or Patt'son and Hine.f or, Who did the ironwork ?
Who was the j'iner ? " What was it built for ?
What's the erccuse Of its skilful projectors, The Railway Directors ? Is it for ornament ?
Is it for use ? 41 Is it a shorter cut Into the town ? Forty steps to the top,
Forty steps down ! * Alas ! for the taste display'd In this one bridge they've made ;
Surely but one ! Oh ! it is sorrowful, Near a whole borough-ful —
Friend it hath none. " Make no deep scruti- Ny into its beauty,
Lightness and grace; For it hath none of them, Not even one of them —
Summit nor base. " Take it down instantly,
Clear it away ; Useless and lumbering, The ground only cumbering, Don't let it stay ! "
• A ferry-boat across the Trent.
t Names of a local builder and architect.
26
NOTES AND QUERIES.
S. I. JAN. 11, '68.
The bridge was demolished «a few weeks after the appearance of these lines.
The above, written in 1847 by Mr. P. R. Good- yer, and appearing in a local newspaper, merits, I think, preservation in the " amber" of " N. & Q.'!
HENRY MOODY. 24, Charles Street, St. James's.
SOCIETY OF BIBLIOGRAPHERS. In England we have many learned societies pursuing a course of steady usefulness, recording year by year new facts in science, throwing new lights on history, exposing old errors, and accumu- lating material for the future philosopher — for the future historian.
^ Every one who has had to do with historical literature must have reaped benefit from the labours of the Society of Antiquaries, the Numis- matic Society, and those others which are de- voted to the promotion of historical knowledge ; and every man of science must owe similar obli- gations to the Royal Society, the Chemical So- ciety &c. &c. The number of learned societies is now somewhat large, and each of them, in its own peculiar field of usefulness, has been of much service; and, with their example shining so clearly, it has often excited my surprise that there is not among them a Society of Bibliogra- phers.
Some knowledge of bibliography is necessary to every man who is engaged in any literary or scientific pursuit: an acquaintance with it may save him years of useless toil. The bibliographer aids the student in every department of human thought and observation : the theologian, the an- tiquary, the savant, all need his aid. He records their labours, and is constantly noting the new discoveries in the map of human learning. There is no occasion here to insist upon the importance of bibliography. Why, then, is there no society for its advancement ? Let bibliographers con- sider this question. Lowndes, we are told by Mr. Bohn, complained that the bibliographer had no standing in England. A somewhat higher value is put upon these studies now, but the es- tablishment of such a society as is here suggested would undoubtedly aid in giving the bibliogra- phers still more of that position to which they are entitled in the republic of letters. When such an association is organised, there is plenty of work which it might usefully do. A General Literary Index would then be something of a possibility the vexed question of cataloguing would probably find a solution, much light would be thrown upon literary history, special bibliographies of particu- lar subjects might be brought out under its pro- tection, and it would be able to accomplish for Europe that which the Smithsonian Institution does for America in the way of promoting friendly
relations between different literary institutions and men.
Much more might be said of the advantages which would result from the founding of such a society, but it is hoped that sufficient has already been said to prove its desirability. The suo-o-es- tion having now been made, it rests with those interested to say whether it is worth can-vine-
ouQt; W. E. A/A
Strangeways.
WHITNEY FAMILY.— I believe it is still an un- settled point whether Whitney, the author be- longed to Cheshire or Herefordshire. In the latter county is situated the little village of Wit- ney. but no trace now remains of the castle which for many generations was occupied by a knightly family of the name. Sir Robert Whitney was a devoted Royalist, and sacrificed his fortune in the cause of the Stuarts. Some fragments of a tower were still standing when Blount wrote his Collec- tions for Herefordshire, but he makes no allusion to the family which once tenanted it. As might be expected, branches from the main stem were planted in various parts of the county, and of these the earliest and perhaps the strongest off- shoot took root at Norton Canon, near Weobley.
The first member of this branch of whom I have any account describes herself in her will (dated Oct. 20, 1568,) as « Margaret Whytneye, late wife of James Whytneye, Esquire, deceased." She desires to be buried in her parish church of Norton, and mentions her son Thomas and other relatives. She adds: —
I will that John Gibbons, my cosen. shall have the coffer wherein my evidences w>> I have in my custodye concerning my former husband's landes to be sorted out, and that he, with one of my executors, shall keep the same evidences after my decease."
The registers of the parish commence at too late a date to admit of the construction, of a regu- lar pedigree from that source ; but some of your readers may be interested in learning that the family continued to reside in Norton Canon until very recently, and that in any search for the parentage of the author this quarter should not be neglected. Q j j^
SIR R. TRESILIAU.— Lord Campbell, in his ac- count of this judge, who was executed in 1388 says that he left one only child, a daughter, who married into the respectable family of Howley from which was descended the late Archbishop of Canterbury of that name. But according to Foss he left also a son, John, who afterwards prosecuted his brother-in-law, being supported by his mother and her second husband Sir John Coleshull. The descent of Archbishop Howley is a pure fiction. Sir R. Tresilian's daughter married John Hawley of Dartmouth, an account of whom is given in
4* S. I. JAN. 11, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
27
Prince's Worthies of Devon, and John Haley's daughter and heiress, Elizabeth, married John Coplestone, of Coplestone, Esq.
FREDERIC T. COLBY. Exeter College, Oxford.
SIR JOHN MAXWELL, OF SOUTHBAR, POET, is noticed in the Paisley Magazine of 1828 ; and the editor mentions his possessing a small MS. of thirty-six leaves : the first date March 17, 1584 ; and the last date July 3, 1589. A few specimens are given ; the editor surmising some of the poetic effusions may be Maxwell's own, but chiefly a mere register of certain popular rhymes which were current at the time : —
" lie that spends fast and winnes nocht, And awis meikill and hes nocht, And luikis his purss and limlis nocht, His hart may be sair and say nocht." (1585.)
«• The thing that lyis in thy lyfe, Tell it newer to thy wvfe ; For sche will keip it als cloiss As water in ane re wine boiss."
The editor is of opinion the following stanzas contain political allusions : —
" H. Si Ego et Angus holde ws togidder
N;i man will wrang ws, si ego et Angus It were almous to hang us and we disscwcr Si Ego et Angus holde ws togidder.
" B. Domi numerous duplici cum pilio, A curia canemus domi manemus Id quod habemus manebit cum filio Domi manemus duplici cum pilio.
" 8. Fugiens pestem, the blok and maide Rcspiciens restem, fugiens pestem I twik ane testem, de Stirling Raid Fugiens pestem, the blok and niaidc."
If deemed worthy of notice in " N. & Q.," per- haps space may be found for them.
SETH WAIT.
THE NILE. — Mercator's curious map of Africa, published about 1593, makes the Nile spring from two large lakes (the Victoria and Albert Nyanza ?), which, as well as the Abyssinian affluents, fill very nearly their true relative position on his map. The lakes, however, as well as the districts on the eastern coast which are in the same parallel, are placed by Mercator too far to the south.
S. P. V.
SEWING MACHINES SIXTY YEARS AGO. — I quote the following from the Aiheneeum. February, 1807: —
" French Invention for making Cloaths by a Machine. — M. J. Stone, Rue de la Pepiniere, Paris, obtained a brevet d'invention, or patent, in February, 1805, for ' a machine for joining the sides of segments of all flexible matters,' which he asserts will be particularly serviceable in pre- paring cloathing for the army or navr. It is supposed one man may do as much work with this machine as one
hundred persons with the needle. If it is used to any extent, it will more properly deserve the name of the Devil among the Taylors, than the game that is at present so called." Johnstone. D. MACPHAIL.
MAJOR SALWEY. — Among some papers brought under 'my notice relating to the Salwey family, I find a summons issued by the justices of the county of Hereford against Major Salwey, who served in Cromwell's army, in these terms : —
" We whose names are hereunto appended, Justices of the Peace for this County, thinking it requisite for his Majt17 service, and the preservation of the peace of this kingdom, to have you appear before us, do hereby desire and require you to be in person with us at the Swan and Falcon, in Hereford, upon Thursday, the 18th Inst. by ten of the clock in the forenoon, wherein not doubting your performance,
" We remain, Sir, your servants, " John Nourse, John Barneby,
C. W. Lambeth, Herbert Westfalling, Marshall Brydges, H. Masters, Tho» Delahave, T. Booth.
Herbert Croft, " Hereford, 15 June, 1685."
Major Salwey was detained in custody until July 14 in that year, and dismissed on promise to return on summons.
This Richard Salwey was a major in Crom- well's army. He represented Worcestershire in 1653, Westmoreland 1669, and went ambassa- dor from Cromwell to Constantinople; was a Commissioner for Ireland, and Ranger of Wych- wood Forest. He died soon after this transaction in the same year.
Is there a record of any other noted members of Cromwell's party who had survived until that date, and who were detained or placed under surveillance at the commencement of James II.'s reign at the time of the Monmouth rebellion ?
THOMAS E. WINNINGTON.
DERIVATION OF ENGLAND. — While travelling in Denmark I met with a word which seems to me to afford a derivation for our name of England, as probable at least as the ordinary one of Angle- land. The word I mean is Eng, an old Danish name applied even yet to the level, marshy pas- ture-lands adjoining the rivers.
I believe the Saxons and Angles, from the time of whose invasion the name is supposed to date, first landed at and owned the Isle ofThanet, which in parts, especially those about Minster and the River Stour, would answer very well to the above- given description of the Danish eny-lands. It is from this word I think the name may have sprung, instead of from the Angles, whom we have no reason for supposing to have been so superior to the Saxons as to leave the remembrance of their name to the entire exclusion of that of the latter.
HENRY ROWAN.
ATHERTON : ARCHDEACONRY OP TOTNES. — I find the following on the opening page of the first
28
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4*8.1. JAN. 11, '68.
volume of Calendars for the Archdeaconry of Totnes, deposited in the District Registry of the Court of Prohate at Exeter : —
[Copied in the exact lines of the original.] " Tabula continen Nomina testatoru defunct, infra archuat.
Totton
fact. 4 marcij 1582 ~ From 1513 to 1580, or 1582, you will fynd Register'd in the old ancient Booke of this office Totton : The rest I found Rotten and confused for want of good keeping before my tyme.
Phi:~Aiherton Regr"
" This book goes home to 1647, being in
the tyme of the greate Rebellion ag*
Kinjr Charles the first; wch R: began
in 1642.
In ^v<=11 Warre I was a Captain of foote
for the King, my Eldest bro: Edw: Atherton
Captain of horse", slaine at Maston moore fight
and my youngest brother Ensigne, who came
with the' Duke of Alby Munke from Scotland
to London."
JOHN A. C. VINCENT.
JANNOCK. — After Mr. Gladstone's speech at the opening of the Mechanics' Institute at Oldham the other day, the motion for a vote of thanks was seconded by a Mr. Scholes, who observed that Mr. Gladstone was a gentleman of whom they were all proud, and that as a Lancashire man he was "jannock" to the backbone. This word would be unintelligible to thousands of readers of the newspaper report, but was, without doubt, well understood by all assembled on the occasion. It is in quite common use in Lancashire and the North, (1) as a substantive, meaning oaten bread, oat-cake. (Cf. Skinner, Etym. Ling. Anijl. fol. 1071, Bailey 1720, Johnson 1755, Halliwell, &c.) (2.) As an adjective, with the sense of fit, proper, ! good, fair and honourable, thorough-going. (Cf. j Halliwell, Diet, of Arch, and Prov. Words, where the word is, however, inaccurately speltjitMftaA;). These words, I presume, have one nud the same etymology, but what is it ? Johnson says of jannock, substantive, probably a corruption of ban- nock, but does not assist us further. Skinner suggests : " nescio an a Belg. Ghc-nood pro nood necessitas, q. d. Brood van ghe-nood Panis neces- sitatis quo proe inopia nieliorum granorum vulgus vescitur." Mr. Scholes, at all events, and others too, on other grounds, will object to thin solution. If it is a Teutonic word at all, the German f/e-nuff, enough, would be nearer the mark. Oat-cake is most undeniably " filling at the price," " satis- fying " ; and from " satisfying " it is a short step to " satisfactory," " good all round," which is the sense of the adjective. A correspondent of the Pall Mall Gazette connects it with the Northamp- tonshire "jonnock," or "jonnick," quoting Miss Baker's Northamptonshire Words and Phrases, who
gives — "Jonnick, liberal, kind, hospitable: 'I went to see him and he was quite jonnick.1 The circulation of this word is very limited." • Even supposing that these forms are of common origin wiwjaanock, the latter is not used in any of theae senses in Lancashire, nor is the circulation of the word by any means limited throughout the north of England. E. F. M. M.
Birmingham.
fauetitt.
VANDYKE'S PORTRAIT OF SIR R. AYTON. — In reply to a query about a portrait of the poet Sir Robert Ay ton (ob. Feb. 21, 1638) MR. ROGERS replied in your columns that, while preparing his work, The unpublished Poems of Sir It. Aytounf he had made inquiry as to the existence of a portrait, but could not ascertain if there was one, I observe in the Historical Memoirs of West- minster Abbei/, by Dean Stanley, that Sir R. Ayton's bust in the Abbey is from a portrait by Vandyck. Can any of your readers say what has become of that portrait? Is it not in any of the royal collections ? Scores.
DICE. — I have been assured that the Romans played with dice, whereon, in lieu of the ordinary circles to distinguish the numbers, the six parts were marked with letters from one to six. I shall be obliged if any of your correspondents will state whether such a custom existed, and refer me to any authority on the subject, or inform me where a die so lettered may be found.
WALTER RAYTON.
Windsor Villas, Enfield.
FESTUS. — In the History of the Vallais by the late learned and respected Canon Boccard, Curate of St. Maurice (Geneva, 1844), the author quotes Festus as an authority. His words are —
" Festus ne nous donne quo les noms de quatre autres peuplades, des Tylangiens, des Chabilcons, des Daliter- nicns, ct des Te'me'niens ; on ne saurait designer les lo- calites qu'ils habitercnt." — Histoire du Vallais, pp. 8, 9.
Who was Festus? I have made a search in the public libraries at Florence, in which I was aided by the learned Monsignor Liverani. I can find only one Festus, who in the first century wrote a small treatise on grammar, and of which there is an Elzevir edition. I cannot discover that his work has anything to do with Helvetic archaeology; he is evidently not the authority quoted by Boccard. Did any learned ecclesiastical historian or chronicler bear the name ? Perhaps F. C. H. can clear up the mystery, and " if found " give the Latin of the quotation in Boccard. I was intimately acquainted with Boccard, but I al- ways abstained from asking about Festus. I was afraid that he might suppose I questioned
4'hS.I. JAN. 11, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
the statement. M. Boccard died suddenly in 1865. He was buried close to the high altar in the parish church of St. Sigismond, St. Maurice.
J. H. DIXON.
" SIR FON." — In the interesting work of Lady Llanover, The Life and Correspondence of Mrs. Delany, reference is made to "Sir Fon " as a genealogical authority in respect to a family from North Wales. I am unable to discover the work so referred to. Can any of your readers inform me what is its full title, or the name under which it may be found? G. II.
FOTHERINGAY CASTLE.— Can any one inform me if there ore in existence any views, etchings, engravings, woodcuts, &c. of Fotheringay Castle as it stood before James VI. caused it to be de- molished in consequence of Queen Mary, his mother, being beheaded there ? "VV. G. P.
LETTER OF LORD GALWAT.— To the volume of Rachel, Lady Russell's Letters, edited by Miss Berry, from the originals in possession of the Duke of Devonshire, there is appended a set of eleven letters from the Counter of Sunderland, which are annotated by Miss Berrv. It appears from one of her annotations that sne had access to an unpublished letter to Lady Russell from the Earl of Gal way. The note (3rd ed. p. 1334) is —
" It would seem that William Earl of Bedford was remarkable for a good appetite. Ruvigny (Lord <»alway), in a letter to Lady Russell, say.i, complaining of his health in Spain, J*ai perdu entierement fappctit que Lord Bed- ford appeloit ton meilleur ami."
Where is Lord Galway's letter to be found ? and is it one of a set ? DAVID C. A. AGNEW. Wigtown, N.B.
GED'S STEREOTYPES. — When was stereotype printing invented, and under what direction ? I ask this question because the late Dr. Adam Clarke, as long ago as 1808, showed me the following title of a Sallust, which led me to think that it was no recent inventicAi : —
" C. Crispi Sallustii Belli Catilinaril et Jugurthini Historiae.: Edinburgi Gulielmus Ged aurifaber Edinensis non Typis mobilibus, ut vulgo fieri solet, sed tabellis ten Ifitniniifusia excudebat, MDCCXXXIX."
II. E.
GERMAN ARCHITECTURE. — Can any of your correspondents inform me whether any good ac- count of the architecture of the German towns and churches has been published in England ?
J. G. T.
Nuremberg.
I, EGO.— If / come from ich, and ich remotely from ^yc5, it occurs to me to ask if the gamma in the Greek word ever had a guttural sound. It is generally pronounced in a sharp concise way <7 — « : but was it ever eyh-u ? I am obliged to insert a Roman h to convey the sound I mean.
In the older Oriental tongues with which Greek is cognate there is a twofold g — ga, gha ; and I fancy, from the German derivative of ^6, that there may be a kindred double g in Greek.
Is it so? The mere mooting of the question might throw unexpected light on the subjects of prosody and etymology. ALPHA.
IMPERATOR. — Among the manuscripts ascribed to Dr. Dee in Athena Cantabrigienses is, " De im- peratoris nomine, authoritate et potentia, 1579." MS. dedicated to Queen Elizabeth.
" In that Colledge (Trinity, Cambridge) by my advice and by my endeavors, divers waies used with all the other Colleuges, was their Christmas Magistrate lirst named and confirmed an Emperor." — The Compewlious Re- hearsal, by Dr. Dee.
How long did this imperial authority last ? What was it ? A. B. C.
.1 I:KI:.M Y. — I am anxious to learn some particu- lars as to a mediteval writer of the name of Jeremy, the author of a Latin treatise on the Mass, which was done into English rhime. He is thus spoken of by his translator — " Dan Jeremy was his name, A devoute mon <fc a religyu.s."
(Lines 18-1D of a MS. which is about to be printed by the Early English Text Society.)
When did said Jeremy live ? to what order did he belong ? and where can I meet with his work ?
T. F. S.
ABRAHAM KICK. — Who was "the eminent Mr. Kick" who, in Feb. 1689, wrote from the Hague a letter to Queen Mary in behalf of the colonists of New England, then seeking a renewal of their charter ? The letter is published in A Brief Rela- tion of the State of New England, printed for Richard Baldwine of London, 1089, pp. 18.
W. II. WHITMORE.
Boston, U. S. A.
No LOVE LOST. — By the words " No love was lost between these two," I think that most per- sons would be led to suppose that the two were not on friendly terms. But in the ballad of " The Babes in the Wood," given in Percy's Reliqucs, the following lines appear, which convey the con- trary idea : —
" No love between these two was lost,
Each was to other kind : In love they lived, in love they dyed,
And left two babes behind."
Can any explanation of this anomaly be given ?
H. A. L. Oxford.
PANIOT. — What is a paniot? The following
gissage occurs in the " Household Expences of ishop Swintield " (Camd. Soc.),.vol. i. p. 182 : — " In j paniot' de duubj pec' fempt' Lond'J . vij« j*."
K. P. D. E."
30
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4"> S. I. JAN. 11, '68.
QUOTATIONS. —
Who was the subject of the following eulogy, and by whom was the piece written from which it is extracted ? —
" Ne'er since the deep-toned Theban sung,
Unto the listening nine, Have classic hill or valley rung
With melody like thine. Ah ! who shall wake thy widowed lyre ? "
A. H. OF B.
" Be the day weary, be the day long, At last it ringetii to evensong."
.\ . r •
Will one of your numerous collaborateurs oblige me by mentioning the author of a poem beginning with —
" In days of old, when spirit life
Pervaded stream and tree, They say the willow loved the brook
That flowed so merrily."
And where I may meet with the poem in its entire form ? HERMANN KINDT.
PRESHORE, ITS ETYMOLOGY. — Can any of your readere help me to a rational etymology of the name of this town ? It is a place of some anti- quity ; a religious house, which afterwards grew into an important Benedictine abbey, having been founded here in the seventh century. The only account I have met with of the name is either Pear-shore, from the pear-trees growing on the shore or bank of the river; or Pear-sore, meaning fertile in pears. These seem to require no refutation. The name appears variously as Perscore, Parshore, and, in its Latinised form, Persicora. R. E. BARTLETT.
REGISTRUM SACRUM AMERICANUM. — May I trouble you with one or two queries on this subject?
1. Is there any biography of the estimable but somewhat eccentric Bishop Polk, who died (?) in 1804, after holding a commission during the late civil war ?
2. Who were the consecrators of Bishop McCrosky, who became Bishop of Michigan July 7th, 1836 ?
8. I have access to the lives of Seabury, White, Claggett, ITobart, Griswold, Dehon, R. C. Moore, Bowen, Chase, Ravenscroft, Henshawe, Doane, and Wainwright : are there any other lives of de- ceased prelates besides the notices in The Church JRevieiv ? What is the best life of White ?
4. For what reason was H. U. Onderdonk, of Pennsylvania, suspended ? He was restored in 1856, and died in 1858.
JUXTA TURRIM.
ROYAL AND NOBLE GAMESTERS. — In a notice of M. Benzanet, lately deceased, who was proprie- tor of the gaming establishments at Baden Baden, the writer says : —
" His father was the fermier des jeux of Frascati, the celebrated tapis vert on the Boulevard, witness of such wondrous scenes during the occupation of Paris by the Allies, where the Duke of Wellington, BHlcher, and Ros- topschin, while gambling incognito at one end of the table, were one night suddenly recognised by the Emperor Alexander and Souvaroff, who were gambling incognito at the other. When the two parties joined profits and losses together, they managed to clear a good round sum, and leave the hall amid the hisses of the company, not one indi- vidual having guessed their identity, from the simple conviction of the utter impossibility of such lightness of conduct on the part of such grave personages as the con- querors of Paris ; and the preconceived impressions that this band of gallant heroes must of necessity be engaged at that moment in drawing up the terms of the treaty of Paris, and the ultimatum to be offered to the vanquished party." — " Gossip from Paris," Birmingham Journal, Dee. 21, 1867.
This is remarkable if true. Has any reader of " N. & Q." seen it before ? If so, where ?
FrrznoPKiNS.
Garrick Club.
SCOTTISH LOCAL HISTORIES. — Will some of the readers of "N. & Q." kindly give the names of works (with their authors, publishers, and dates of publication) on the counties of Aberdeen, Banff, Moray, and Nairn, having reference to the histories of families and estates in those districts, and of any other local works likely to contain allusions to these subjects ? The list might be added to from time to time. Such information would doubtless be interesting to some of your readers generally, for reference, besides being of special service to me. BENJAMIN LESLIE.
SHAKSPEARE: SHYLOCK. — In the Cyclopaedia published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (in which edition we observe, by the way, that the word "verso" does not stand heading an article), vol. xiii. p. 122, I read —
" Finally, in the reign of Edward I., about A.D. 1290,
all the Jews were banished from the kingdom
It was not till after the Restoration, A.D. 1660, that the Jews again settled in England."
Somewhere between A.D. 1290 and A.D. 1660, "Shakspeare drew Shylock." I ask from what original? L. R. W.
Battle.
SOLDRUP. — As a relaxation from sterner labour, 1 lately amused myself with tracing back to their Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Norman origin, the names of the villages situated in the northern half of the county of Bedford. One of these, Soldrvp, has given me some trouble. At first sight it would appear to be a compound of the Danish words Sol and dntp, and would mean tSun-thorpe, and the probability of its having been a Danish settlement is increased by the fact of there being a village in Denmark called Soderup. But there is also a small town on the old coach-road between Strasburg and Paris bearing the name of Saute-
. I. JAN. 11, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
31
drupt (apparently a corruption of Saliv dintpta), and hence my difficulty. It is well known that when William the Bastard invaded England, his army was not composed of Normans exclusively ; its ranks were filled by adventurers of all sorts, who were lured to his standard by hopes of booty, and among these may possibly have been a Jean or Pierre from the Saulxdrupt above mentioned. If such were the case, nothing is more natural than that the lucky adventurer should give the name of Saulxdrupt to his new home. Would one of the learned correspondents of " N. & Q." have the courtesy to inform me whether the Dom Bok — irreverently termed Doomsday Book — says anything there anent, sub roce, Soldrup, Sol~ drope, or Saulxdrupt? OuTIS.
Riscly, Heds.
" SOLVITUR AMBULANDO." — What is the origin, and what the exact meaning of this Latin phrase ?
J. B. D.
SUBOEDERS IN THE ENGLISH CHURCH. — Can
any of your readers kindly refer mo to a collected account of the late church movement in favour of authorized lay ministrations, and to records of any results of that movement ?
T. W. BELCHER, M.D. < 'oil. < •! Physicians, Dublin.
THOMAS FAMILY. — Can any of your correspon- dents give me information in regard to the English descent of the Maryland family of Thomas? I am about compiling a history of the family, and would be obliged" to anyone who should furnish me with particulars in regard to them. The first of the family who settled in America was a certain Evan Thomas, who came over in the early part of the eighteenth century. His immediate de- scendants settled in Maryland, and, occupying posi- tions of note, are easily traced; but I_atn unable to discover his descent. The family bears two Coats of arms : one similar to that of Thomas of Gellywemen, rind the other having for crest a crow, sable, perched on a green bough, and bear- ing on the shield three similar birds. As a help to an answer, I may remark that the unvarying family tradition represents them as of Welsh de- scent; and that Evan and Lewin are common Christian names of the family. My address is L. BUCKLEY THOMAS, care of James Cheston & Co., Baltimore, Maryland, U. S. A.
KING ZOHRAB. — Archbishop Whately, in one of his letters, has this remark : " King ZohraVs snakes to him were a part of himself." I have searched in vain for King Zohrab. Can you direct me where to find any mention of him, "or inform me who he was, or what he was P A. H. or B.
imtf)
LINES BY JOHN PHILIPOTT (3rd S. xii. 390, 486.) — The first two stanzas are given by Ellis, in his Specimens of the Early English Poets, vol. iii. p. 359, ed. 1803, and ascribed to Simon 'Wastell. Ellis states : —
'• He translated from Shaw's Bibliorum Summula, A True Christian's Daily Delight, being a metrical epitome of the Bible, 1623, 12mo, which was enlarged and reprinted, 1629, 12mo, under the title of Microbiblion. From the latter edition the following stanzas are extracted, which have sometimes been inserted among the poems of Quarles."
H. P. D.
The verses quoted by DR. llix (St. Neots) as " Lines by John Philipott," under the title of "A Fragment written about the Time of James 1st," were no more written by Philipott than by DR. llix himself. They may be found at the end of Simon Wastell s Microbiblion, or the Bible Epitome, London, printed for Robert Myl- bourne, &c., 1629, 24mo. — a little work of rather rare occurrence and curious, each verse beginning with a letter of the alphabet in order. At the end of the volume are four separate leaves, fre- quently wanting; on one of which are the lines in question, but they are altogether so different, and so much superior to the rest of the work, that they are evidently not the composition of Wastell; but their author must be sought for elsewhere. They are much above the average of such hke verses, and ought scarcely to be termed "a fragment."
Wastell was a Westmoreland man, and of Queen's College, Oxford. A copy of his little work was priced in the Bibl. Angl. Poet., 878, at 41. 4s. Thomas Philipott, M.A., of Clare Hall, in Cambridge, published a volume of Poems, London, 1646. 8vo. But who was John Philipott ?
T. C.
[These verses arc attributed to John Philipott, not by Da. Rix, but on the authority of the Harl. MS. 31)17, fol. 88 b. (see last vol., p. 390.) The biographers of John Phili- pott speak of him, not only as a herald and an antiquary, but as a poet. The first verse is to be found on the tomb of Alderman Humble in St. Saviour's, Southwark, erected in 1616, at the time when John Philipott was Rouge Dragon. This verse appears to have formed the model of nine other verses, each of twelve lines, printed by the Rev. J. Hannah in his edition of Bishop Henry King's Poemt and Psalmt, ed. 1843, pp. cxviii.-cxxii. and attri- buted to five different authors. Thomas Philipott, his son, formerly of Clare Hall, Cambridge, published in 1659 his father's collections, under the title of ViUare Cantiarum, or Kent Surveyed and Illustrated, reprinted in 1778.]
SETEBOS AND WALLEECHU are two Indian deities. Of the first, mention is made by Shakespeare in his play of The Tempest ; but who is the second, and
32
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4*h S. I. JAN. 11, '68.
by what particular nation is he worshipped ? An answer or a reference will oblige R. S. T.
[Setebos was the name of the deity invoked by the inhabitants of the Straits discovered by and named after Magalhaens. Mention is made of that ferocious god in all the old Voyages to Magellanica. " Walleechu " is the deity of the Indians inhabiting that narrow and sterile strip of territory confined by the rivers Negro and Colorado, in Buenos Ayres. It is a doubtful point whe- ther Walleechu be a spirit or a tree. The last- mentioned, however, serves for his altar on the Sierra de la Ventana, overlooking the valley of the Rio Negro. Mr. Darwin, in his Journal (see vol. iii. pp. 79, 80 of Fitzroy and King's Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, 8vo, Lond. 1839) thus describes it : " Shortly after passing the first spring we came^in sight of a famous tree, which the In- dians reverence as the altar of Walleechu. It is situated on a high part of the plain, and hence is a landmark visible at a great distance. As soon as a tribe of Indians come in sight of it, they offer their adorations by loud shouts. The tree itself is low, much branched, and thorny. Just above the root it has a diameter of about three feet. It stands by itself without any neighbour, and was indeed the first tree we saw ; afterwards we met with a few others of the same kind, but they were far from common. Being winter the tree had no leaves, but in their place numberless threads, by which the various offerings, such as cigars, bread, meat, pieces of cloth, &c. had been sus- pended. POOF people, not having anything better, only pulled a thread out of their ponchos, and fastened it to the tree. The Indians, moreover, were accustomed to pour spirits and mate into a certain hole, and likewise to smoke upwards, thinking thus to afford all possible gratification to Walleechu. To complete the scene, the tree was sur- rounded by the bleached bones of the horses which had been slaughtered as sacrifices. All Indians, of every age and sex, made their offerings; they then thought that their horses would not tire, and that they themselves should be prosperous. The Gaucho [or peasant] who told me this, said that in the time of peace he had wit- nessed this scene, and that he and others used to wait till the Indians had passed by for the sake of stealing their offerings from Walleechu. The Gauchos think that the Indians consider the tree as the god itself ; but it seems far more probable that they regard it as the altar. The only cause which I can imagine for this choice is its being a landmark in a dangerous passage."]
FORRESTER'S LITANY. — In the appendix to Wade's History of Mclrose Abbey (1861), notice is taken of the llev. Thomas Forresters Saytre relating to Public Affairs (1038-39), and several stanzas are quoted to show its style and character. For my purpose, I extract as follows : — •' From Henderson, who doth out-top
The Etnauhs, for he is Pope —
Yet Leekie makes bold to oppose
His Holiness, e'en to his nose —
Leekie, a covenanting brother,
Go to, let one Deil ding another."
" From all who swear themselves meisworn." " From Row that spurgold pulpit sporter."
" From covenanting Tamilists,
Amsterdamian Separatists,
Antinomians and Brownists,
Jesuitizing Calvinists,
Murrayinizing Buchannanists —
All monster Misobasilists.
These are the mates of Catharus, From whom good Lord deliver us."
Who were the Misobasilists and Tamilists, who Catharus and the Etnauhs, and what is the meaning of the words meisworn and spuryold ?
J. MANUEL.
[The Etnauhs are Etnas. Meisworn, f. e. Missworn. Misobasilists, i. e. King-haters. Catherus, »'. e. Catherans, with a Latin termination, Highland robbers. Spurgold is base gilt metal. The " covenanting Tamilists " must remain a query.]
ANONYMOUS. — Who is the author of Ttie Rise and Fall of the Heresy of Iconoclasts : or, Image- Breakers Collected by B. M. London :
Printed for Tho.Meighan .... 1781, From the advertisement to the reader we learn that it was written by " the late author of England's Conversion and Reformation compared." During the progress of that work " he sometimes found it requisite, after long application, to allow himself some ease of mind, and a relaxation of attention." This relaxation consisted in reading the history of the iconoclasts ; and "the benefit ... he had received from this entertainment " induced him to write the book in question, " that what he had found so diverting to himself might probably prove no less instructive to others."
WILLIAM E. A. AXON.
Strangeways.
[The two works noticed by our correspondent are by Robert Manning, who was educated at Douay College, where he was sometime Professor of Humanity and Phi- losophy. He died in Essex on March 4, 1730, Old Style. Vide Dodd's Church History, iii. 488, and " N. & Q." 1" S. xi. 28.]
MACIIANES. — Amongst the collections under Briefs in Castor, Northamptonshire, is this entry, dated Aug. 11, 1 700: —
" For y« Captives at Machanes ... 01 02 10." And at Elton, in Huntingdonshire, is a similar entry, dated June, 1700 : — " For ye Redemption of yc Slaves at Machanes .015 6."
Where can I find an account of the captivity here spoken of? W. D. S.
Peterborough.
[Machanes we take to be Mequinez, a large city of Marocco, and one of the residences of the emperor. The brief for the collections issued by William and Mary is printed in the Introduction (pp.xx.-xxiii.) to "Barbarian Cruelty : being a true History of the distressed condition of the Christian Captives under the tyranny of Mully
4<h S. I. JAN. 11, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
33
Ishmael, Emperor of Marocco, and King of Fez and Mac- queness in Barbary. By Francis Brooks. Lond. 1793, 18mo." Consult also Windus's " Journey to Meqnlnezt the residence of the present Emperor of Fez and Marocco, on the occasion of Commodore Stewart's Embassy thither for the redemption of the British Captires in the year 1721. Lond. 1725, 8vo."J
SIR THOMAS CHALONER. (8rd S. X. 28.)
Looking through hack numbers of " N. & Q.," I see the Latin epigrammatic " inscription copied from a portrait of Sir Thomas Chaloner the elder (belonging to Mrs. M. G. Edgar, and numbered 297 in the Exhibition of National Portraits of South Kensington)," and, adds J. E. S., "probably •written by Sir Thomas himself, who, besides his reputation as a statesman and soldier, is also ac- credited with having been one of the best Latin writers in the reign of Elizabeth."
I cannot but feel dissatisfied with ono part of the " conjectural restoration " " suggested " by J. E. 8.
The part I refer to is in the third line. Here v . . VNT is, undoubtedly, VIVVNT; the upper part of the i is there, indeed, already. We have the following line : —
"QV.E PERKVNT IROI VIVVNTQ3 SIMIU.IMA KVMO,"
the word QV.E referring to M our ALIA CVNCTA, words at the end of the first line. As to IROI, these four letters are preceded by a blank space, which indicates the disappearance of one or more before them, while the termination is not Latin. The question is — How are we to till up the lacuna between PEREVNT and VIVYKT?
J. E. S. suggests TREPIDO, appending (?).
Now, no good writer would put in a position where so much stress is laid on the word filling up such a mere epithet of FVMO. It would be putting a weak word in a strong post. It is clear to me that the place was occupied by a substantive, and that this substantive in combination with the verb PEREVNT answered to the substantive FVMO in combination with the verb VIVVNT. I would suggest PLORI, or FRONDI, or FOLIO. ^ It would be well if we could get the inscrip- tion copied again, and, withal, carefully.
Since writing so far, I have been to Oxford, and to the Bodleian Library. I have found Sir Thomas Chaloner's DC Qkutrium, fyc. in a volume bearing the following on the initial title-page : —
" De rep. Anglorum instauranda libri dccem, Authore Thoinn Chalonero Equite, Anglo.
" Hue accessit in laudem Henrk-i Octavi Regis quon- dam Angliie praestantiss. carmen Panegyricum. Item,
De illustrium quorundnm encomiU miscellanea, cum epigrammatis, ac epitaphiis nonnullis, eodem authore.
" Londini, excudcbat Thomas Vautrollerius, Typo- graphus, 1579."
The volume also contains epicedial Latin verses in honour of Sir Thomas Chaloner, after the fashion of those times.
The epigram inscribed on Sir Thomas's portrait is neither among Sir Thomas's compositions in " longs and shorts " (all of which are comprised in the DC illustrium, $r.), nor among the epicedial eulogies of his admirers.
The collection headed DC illustrium, $c. has a title-page of its own; but the pages are not dis- tinctively numbered. The following specimen of its contents is in pp. 296-299 of the volume : —
" Deploratio acerb<r. necls fferoidis prcestantissinxe, D. Jante Graya Henrici Duds Siiffolchia filice, qn<c securi percussa, aniiao coiuitantissimo mortem Oppetiit.
" Jana luit patriam profuso sanguine culpam,
Vivere Phoanicis digna puella dies. Ilia suis Phoenix meritb dicenda manebat ;
Ore placens Veneris, Palladis arte placens. Culta fuit, formosa fuit : divina movebat
{Sjrpe viros facies, saepe loquela viros. Vidisset facicm ? poterat procus improbus uri :
Audisset cultae verba ? modestus erat. Ipsa sed, ut facies erat insidiosa videnti,
Lumina dejecto plena pudore tulit. Ingenium (6 Supcri) tenero sub corpore, quantum
Nacta fuit ? nactum quam bene et excoluit ? Vix ea ter wnos obiens exegernt annos,
Docta, cathedrales quod stupuere sophi. Et tamen ipsa humilis, mitis, scnsusque modesti,
Nil unquam elatum dicere visa fuit. At qua: viva omnes mansueto pectore vicit,
Elato gessit pectore se moriens. Constantesque animos supremo tempore servans,
Nescio Socraticis cesserit anne rogis. Quod si me vatum quisquam de more locutum
Arguat hii-c fictis amplificarc modis : Juro tibi Yeneris, per et omnia sacra Minerva?,.
Perque Aganippeas, Xumina nostra, Deas, Quod niliil insinuo : non Inudatoris egentem
Qu6rsum opus ampullis tollere mirificis ? Novimus, et nostris hacc nuper vixerat oris :
Objecta implacidtc blanda columba lea?. Quam quia lieserunt alii, quas debuit iras
Vcrtere in authores, fudit in innocuam. Judicet haec Justus judex qui pectora cernit :
Xon quo? jura jubent, semper ut requa licent. Xec fuit, ut (siculpa fuit, quando inscia peccat)'
Altera tarn soevis surgeret ulta modis. Juppitcr ;r | uanimi-i crudeles odit ab alto :
Ilinr ]>uto et ultrici fila minora dedit. Langucntique icgros longiim sub corpore sensus :
Conscia quo stimuli's ccderet acta sui.«. Puniit et lenta primos Rhamnusia tabe
Autores, diri consilii osa nefas. Hunc hydrops, alium confccit calculus : isti
Si ilia gravis ca pit :-. illi alia ingruerant. Discitc mortales : Sortcm reverenter habete :
Calcata ulto'rem sa?pfc habet ilia Deum. Nee quia non semper manifesto Numen in irani.
Idque statim surgit, Numen inerme putes. Linquo sed hu?c aliis, quorum pia pectora fontes
.Ktrrni laticis, Biblia sacra rigant. Me decet Auniis tanttnn indulgere corymbis,
Quantum Helicon vati, Pieridesque ferunt,
34
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4*S. I. JAH. 11, '68.
Concinere atque isti miserae lachrvmabile carmen,
Quae periit saevis virgula tacta Notis. O Jana, 6 facies, 6 pectus amabile duro
Cyclopi, aut si quid durius orbis habet : Tene ita non animos saltern potuisse propinquaa
Flectere ? nee demum flectere foemineos ? Non Ignara mali, non haec miserata jacentem est,
Quam pia dicta aliis, tarn fera facta suis ? Non potuit quondam cultam tarn culta movere ?
Non rarae dotes, donaque magna Deum ? Qualia vix uni tot contribuere puellas ?
Nee nisi perpaucis contribuere viris ? Mitto ego, quid fidibus scivit, numerisque sonoria :
Quid praestabat acu. pingeret aut calamo, Quis putet ? haec Araburn Chaldaica verba loquelte
Junxerat, Hebraeum scite idioma tenens. Nam Graio, sive Ausonio memorasse loquentem,
Parvum erit : has aliac per loca culta sonant. Callus item et Thuscus sermo numerum auxerat Anglse :
Si numeres linguas : bis quater una tulit. Invideat Stridon, se Pentaglotte ferendo
Sancte senex, vicit nostra puella tribus. Quod si formoso veniens e corpore virtus
Gratior est, nihil est nobile stemma comes ? A proavis pater huic titulos dedit ordine longo,
Regales mater, laeva per astra, dedit. His periit, nee sponte tumens, nee sponte tiaria
Addita, sed Procerum noxa peregit opus. Hi se forte suis rationibus ut tueantur,
Quid meruit pro tot sola puella luens ? Ignovit victrix alii.*, sine vulnere sceptrum
Ablatum Janac, quo; Maria obtinuit. Huic non ignovit, teneroe nee dura pepercit,
Non consanguineae (tarn pia) nee gravidae. Jana i u aetas, genus, et sex us, Procerumque reatus,
Quicquid erat, culpa solvcre debuerant. Nee tamen base Mariae potucrunt omnia sensus
Flectere : cervices quo minus ilia daret (Proh dolor) albentes gladio generosa secandas,
Intrepide indignam passa virago necem. Qualis Achilleo mactata Polj-xena busto,
Dedecus immanis juge Neoptolemi. Aut minis ultricem qua; placatura Dianam,
Proxima jam cultris Iphigenia stetit. Turba dedit lachrymas spectatum effusa : decori
Ilia memor, moriens lumina sicca tulit. Oraque tranquillo vultu suavissima pandens,
Verba dedit duras apta monere feras. He miserum : nequeo ulterius, nam caetera fletus
Occupat. lieu ! tragicis Jana canenda modis. Ah ! Maria immitis, fluvioque pianda noveno,
Par erat hoc saltern sanguine pura fores."
These verses will probably, from their subject, be found quite sufficiently interesting to justify their being reprinted in " N. & Q."
JOHN HOSKYNS-ABRAHALL, JUN. Combe, near Woodstock.
SPANISH ARMADA : " ZABRA3," ETC. (3rd S. xii. 331.) -
Zambras, in the MS. cited by your correspon- dent, is evidently a mistake for the Spanish term zabras — in Italian also zabras, in Portuguese zav- ras — vessels repeatedly mentioned by old writers in those languages, sometimes as armed for war,
and sometimes as fishing boats, and for the car- riage of merchandise ; but concerning whose dis- tinctive characteristics, the information that haa come down, to us appears to be but scanty and vague. According to one account, there were in the " Invincible Armada " thirteen armed zabras : the largest, the " Santiago," being of the burthen of 660 Italian tons (botti), and carrying 60 soldiers, 40 sailors, and 19 guns ; and the two smallest being of 1 66 botti, and carrying respectively 55 and 50 soldiers, 72 and 57 sailors, and 14 and 13 guns. (See Relat. vera dell Armata, tradotta di Spagnolo in Italiano, Roma, 1588.) On the other hand, in the " MS. Relacion de las naos, galeras, etc., que se aya de hazer la Jornada de Ingala- terra" (1588), equally relating to the Armada, zabras are enumerated among the small vessels that would be required for the transport of pro- visions, ammunition, horses, mules, &c. : —
" De navios pequeuos, saetias, corchapines, caravelas, zabras, pataches y mixerigueras, se haze cuenta que seran menester, para llevar en cllas bastimentos y muaicioncs, cavallos, acemilas y otras diversas cosas, 320." — Jal, Glossaire tiautique, 1845.
A Spanish friend has suggested to me that the word zabra may be of Arabic origin, but at pre- sent I see no sufficient reason for supposing so. Father Larramendi, by birth a Basque, and whose hobby it was to trace words to his native lan- guage, does so in the present instance ; and, con- sidering the maritime pursuits of his countrymen, with some show of probability. Jle defines the zabra as a small fragata, and gives as its Latin equiva- lent myoparo (Larramendi, Diccionario trilinyue, 1745). Now, Jal states that the fra</ata was the smallest of the galley family ; and Ducange (ed. 1845) describes the myoparo as a long and narrow craft, patronised by pirates. Perhaps we shall not be wrong in supposing the zabra to have been of a similar shape.
With regard to the other word vcrcas, quoted by your correspondent, I can only conjecture that it may be a slip of the pen for varcas, or possibly varcos ; which, as every student who has paid attention to Spanish spelling knows, are the same words as barcas and barcos. The former term would probably mean boats like the " long-boats" attached to ships; and the latter, small vessels of the dimensions usual in coasting craft.
JOHN W. BONE.
THUD. (3rd S. xii. 460.)
This is no new word. If it is not given in some ! dictionaries, that is their fault. It is probably a i word of great antiquity, expressing a peculiar sound i in a very marked manner. It is an unpleasant and j dissonant word, because it is used to express an I unpleasant sound, the sound of a blow on a soft
4th S.I. JAN. 11, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
35
substance. So also shriek, stridulous, &c., are harsh words ; and the word obstreperous in Seattle's Minstrel has been objected to as hurting the earr which it is, of course, intended to do. I suspect thud to be closely connected with the root of the Latin tundo ; at any rate, Mr. Wedgwood's Dic- tionary does give the word, with the following quotation from Gawain Douglas's Viryil : — " Lyk the blak thud of awful thunderis blast." Compare the words din, O. E. dun (to make a loud heavy noise), drone, thunder, &c. J cannot but think that any one, who will read over Mr. Wedgwood's Preface to his Etymological Dic- tionary, will acquire a respect for some of these ugly words, as explaining much that cannot be explained otherwise. I am astonished to find that so valuable a book seems so little known and so little consulted. It is a common thing for writers to draw attention to the peculiar power of certain combinations of letters to represent certain peculiar soumls, as if such an idea was quite novel, and had never been thoroughly worked out (as in his volumes) with discrimination and success. But Mr. Wedgwood's is by no means the only dictionary that gives it It will be found in Ogilvie's Imperial Dictionary, and in Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary (with five or more quotations). Jamieson compares with it the Icelandic thytr; and it is certainly found in Anglo-Saxon, in the form of thoden, in the sense of a loud din, espe- cially that made by a tempest or whirlwind. The references for its use in Anglo-Saxon are chap. ix. of Somner's edition of yElfric's Grammar, and Alfred's translation of Gregory's Pastoral. If anyone is to be blamed for using the word, the blame ought rather to fall on our good King -Klfred than on a modern novelist.
WALTER W. SKEAT. Cambridge.
This is by no means a new word, having been in use to my certain, knowledge for upwards of forty years. It has also found its way irtte Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, where it is thus described : —
" THUD. A heavy blow, or the sound which it emits. The stroke of a sledge-hammer against the wall of a house is of that kind. — North."
Having heard many thuds in my time, I think the word a very expressive one, and should feel at a loss for any other word to convey the same meaning. I have not been able to meet with any probable derivation. The word thunge is used when the sound of the blow becomes louder.
T. T. W.
It is a mistake to say that the word thud " has not yet found its way into any dictionary." In Dr. Jamieson's Dictionary of the Scottish Language
it is given, first, as a substantive noun ; second, as a neuter verb; and, third, as an active verb. There are several definitions .mentioned, which pay be epitomised thus : that as a substantive, it is " a stroke causing a blunt and hollow sound " ; and that consequently, as an active verb, it meana " to strike with impetuosity " ; while, as a neuter verb, it means " to move with velocity. " I allow to your correspondent that it is not an elegant word, though " ugly " is rather severe ; and, at any rate, it is expressive as indicating sense by sound. Q-.
Edinburgh.
MR. GASPET. is totally wrong in stating that the word thud has not yet found its way into any dictionary. I could give him a list of at least half a dozen in which it appears. For its inventor he must go back as far as the writings of Gavin Douglas, Bishop of Duukeld. So far from being an ugly word, it is one of the most expressive in our language, and one which I challenge him to render correctly by any amount of circumlocution. It describes a sound, and its use is well exemplified in an account of the late fire in the Haymarket, where among other noises is enumerated the thud thud of the engines.
GEORGE VERB IRVING.
HOUR-GLASSES IN PULPITS. (3* S. xil 616.)
MR. J. MANUEL quotes a passage which de- clares that the Queen has bad a sand-glass fixed to the pulpit in the Chapel lloyal of the Savoy, as a hint to the officiating clergyman for the regulation of the length of his sermon. This announcement recalls to my memory a visit I paid to the church of Sacombe, a few miles from the county town of Hertford, February 3, 1864. Be- fore the church was restored, there was an old hour-glass frame fixed to the side of the pulpit, which had come down from the times of the Commonwealth or thereabout. Surely this was an interesting relic of antiquity ; but, as another in- stance of the care with which relics of antiquity are preserved, and replaced by those who restore churches, instead of being fixed to the new oak pulpit, where it ought to have been, as it would have been in nobody's way — and where it would have been, by stewards more faithful to their trust — it was thrust into a closet in the vestry, where I saw it. I made a sketch of the object, which is now before me. I may describe this object as a piece of iron rodLabout an inch in diameter near the bottom. Some four inches of the lower end is hammered fiat, and is pierced with three holes for screws to fix it. For three
36
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[4"» S. I. JAX. 11, '68,
feet up it is octagonal in section and diminishing in size, then a knob, and the last foot or so is twisted. About eight inches below the knob, the stem is clipped by a moveable square link, fixed, by a pin through its ends and through the stem. This apparently was the upper fastening. From the top of the rod spring, outwards or horizon- tally, four branches of iron about as thick as a large quill, to the distance of a finger's length ; which then turn straight upwards by a right angle some five inches more, and their ends are riveted or welded to an iron ring. Thus it will be understood, if I have made my description clear, that a sort of open basin or cage is formed, in which the sand-glass could be dropped. I believe that these objects are very rarely to be met with in the present day, and their very rare- ness ought to claim some respect for this one. I have several times intended to draw the attention of the public to this act of neglect through the medium of " N. & Q.," but I now make an effort to do it without further delay. It ought to be replaced. P. HTJTCHINSON.
JUNIUS: SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. (3rd S. xii. 50G, 507.)
Your revival of the Francisco-Junius question; in connection with the recently-published Me- moirs of Sir Philip Francis, tempts me to say a few words on the subject. After closely examin- ing the two elaborate volumes which bear the names of Mr. Joseph Parkes and Mr. Herman Merivale, I find that though they contain much that is new and interesting in support of the Franciscan theory, they fail to afford the positive identification which the late Mr. Parkes had for some years past led me and other friends to ex- pect. I cannot help thinking, therefore, that some of his materials must have been overlooked ; at any rate I know that he intended to avail himself of the communication I made to the public in my preface to the fifth part of the Bib- liographer's Manual, dated January, 1860, and which occasioned a smart and useful controversy in The Athenaum of^Feb. 25 and March 3, 10, 17, and 24 of the same year. Mr. Parkes was very much struck with the discovery of such a nest of political papers relating to the Junius period as is therein recorded, especially the tenth letter of Lu- cius ; and he frequently inquired as to the probabi- lity of their coming into my possession, seeing how large a sum I had offered for them. Notwith- standing the editor's silence on the subject, my conviction remains unchanged that the secret will be found in those, papers, and that the Earl of Holdernesse was one of the principal channels by which Francis obtained such sudden information from the court.
Another item which I think deserved a passing mention in these volumes is, the minute and laborious Analysis of Junius, drawn up by the late Sir Harris Nicolas, and which I parted with to Mr. Parkes after giving a full specimen of it in my edition of Junius, published in 1850. Al- though the analysis leads to no definite result, it is very useful to inquirers. And I may add, that there are many observations and notes in Mr. Wade's essay prefixed to the second volume of my Junius which might have been usefully quoted, as everything known at the time connecting Francis with Junius is there adduced.
It is a curious fact in the history of the Junius controversy that Mr. Parkes was for many years a decided anti-Franciscan. I first met him in 1825 at Hatton Vicarage, where I was engaged on the papers and books of the late Dr. Parr, and there one day at dinner, in company with Mr. E. H. Barker (who compiled a volume against the Franciscan theory in 1827) and others, we had some animated discussion respecting the au- thorship of Junius, which happened to arise just then in consequence of a recent publication by Mr. Coventry advocating the claims of Viscount Sackville. Mr. Barker believed in Lloyd, which was Dr. Parr's recorded opinion ; I advocated Francis, being strongly impressed with the evi- dence which had some years previously been ad- duced by Mr. John Taylor; but Mr. Parkes, while setting up no hero of his own, was distinctly opposed to Francis. In later years, after Mr. Parke's removal from Birmingham to London, we had frequent conversations on the subject, and he for some time occasionally hinted that he had made an important discovery in another direction, which be was working out ; but within the last fifteen years he gradually became a convert to the Franciscan theory, and besides obtaining the use of the Francis MSS. for evidence and his memoir of Sir Philip, he accumulated everything he could collect illustrative of his object, including much material, printed and manuscript, with which I had from time to time furnished him.
HENRY G. BOHK.
As an old Pauline will you permit me to avail myself of your entertaining columns to point out an inaccuracy in Messrs. Parkes and Merivale's book, which Mr. Men-vale may feel desirous to correct in future editions. In p. 5 the writer says : —
" In this narrative of Francis's obligations to tlie course of instruction in St. Paul's School, it is not irrelevant to add, that he acquired there a singularly fine, legible, and facile handwriting, an accomplishment of a well-edu- cated gentleman, of the highest value to a youth.
" It was not, therefore, to be wondered, that a century ago, the scholars, especially of St. Paul's and Christ's Hospital, were noted for their capital and uniform hand- writing." , f.\
S.I. JAN. 11, '68.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
37
Now, I was entered on the Foundation of St. Paul's School at the beginning of the present cen^ tury, Dr. Roberts being the principal master, and I remained seven or eight years. During this period, and long after, there was no writing- school attached to the school.
The hours of instruction were from seven in the morning, winter as well as summer. It com- menced with prayers, and ended at eleven also with prayers. In the afternoon we reassembled at one o'clock, and ended at four also with prayers.
Whatever education in writing or arithmetic was afforded, was paid for by our several families. I went from eleven to twelve to Priest Court, Foster Lane, where I had the advantage of the instruction of that rare and beautiful calligraphist Mr. Tomkins, whose urbane and amiable manners endeared him to all who knew him.
RICHARD BENTLET.
41, St. John's Wood Park.
SIR RICHARD PHILLIPS. (8rt S. xii. 394, 505.)
Several inquiries which have appeared of late in "N. & Q. respecting my master and friend, Sir Richard Phillips, strengthen me in iny per- suasion that a biography of this remarkable author and publisher would be interesting. I acted as his amanuensis for some few years ; and the respect he had for me, coupled with his estimate of my services, led to my becoming "a working author. Most men, when in their teens, and on the threshold of the world, have their attention at- tracted to the career of some one man whose conversation or pursuits influence their own future course ; and although the detractors of Sir Richard Phillips may say that I might have chosen a more methodical model, I do not hesitate to say that for such humble Success as I have attained during the last fifty years, I owe more to my connection with Sir Richard Phillips than to any other mnn. I first met him at the dinner-table of my then master, an intelligent printer, at Dorking, in Sur- rey ; and, although I sat mute, as became an apprentice, I was an attentive listener to the con- versation of Sir Richard, who, by the way, was an excellent raconteur, and, moreover, was ad- mirable in the art of dictation. He would walk about