ft ; i f i ■ - T*V i M ^^K r/ :I: £ 4 L I >, iwfo % ? NOTES and QUERIES: s*r. U-\ ^ ^ A iHrtn'um of lntrr*Commimfcatfon fOH LITERARY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETC. "When found, make a note of." — Captain Ottl«." FOURTH SERIES. —VOLUME FIRST January — June 18G8. LONDON PUBLISHED AT THR OFFICE, 43 WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C 1868. v BRARY 728116 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO j 4*8.1. J ax. V6*.] NOTES AND QUERIES 1 LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1868, CONTENTS,— N« 1. Our Fourth Series, 1. NOTES: — The Caricatures of Samuel Ward of Ipswich, 1 — Thomas Churchyard and the Romance of ■' iortuna- tus" 2 — George Turbcrvile: a New-Year Gift, 3 — The \uthor of M The Cherrie and the Slae," and his Descen- dants, 4 — Ancient Drinking-Glass, 7 — MA True aud \dmirable Historie of a Mayden of Confolens, &c, lb.— Lambeth Library and its Librarians, 9 — Folk-Lore : Su- perstitions — Irish Folk-Lore — Names retaining then- Ancient Sound — The Madonna della Sedia (after Raf- faelle) by many Engravers — First Turkish Newspaper in London — Scripture Baptismal Names — Lines by Dr. Henry King — Baker's "History of Northampton- shire," 10. QUERIES: — William Caxton, 11 — "Adeste Fideles" — Anglican Episcopate— Consistory Courts, Ac. — Cicin- delw — The Creed and Lord's Prayer — Dryden Queries — Ealing School — Every Thing, Every Body — Faustus' Con- juring Book — Greyhound — Bishop Home — Hurst mon- ceaux Tombs, Ac. — Job's Disease — George Lockcy — Mar- riage License — Admiral Moulton — Rudee : Defamedcn : Birc — Silbury Hill — Sisyphus and his Stone — Three Eclipses — Wednesday, 12. Queries with Answtrs: — Sir Henry Cavendish's "De- bates " — Merchant Taylors' Company— Tom Paine's Bones— Arms of Canterbury — The Hundred Rolls — W. M. Thackeray's Portrait, 15. REPLIES: — Eobanus, 16 — Writing known to Pindar: a Homeric Society Suggested, 18— Dances mentioned in Sel- den's "Table-Talk" — Naval Songs — "Ultima Ratio Regum " — An Etching Query — The Silent Woman — Louis XIV. and Chevalier d'Ishington — Aggas's Map of London, 15(50— Execution of Louis XV I.— La t ten or Bronze — Letters of Gottlieb Schick — Spanish Dollars — The Champion Whip — Medical Query — British Museum Dup- licates—Prophecy of Louis-Philippe — James Keir, F.R.8., Ac, 18. Notes on Books &c. regrets, as our thoughts turn to those who have dropped one by one from our side as we have journeyed to our present stand-point. Must we not at such a moment re- member what we owe to that profound scholar and learned divine, who wrote our opening address, and contributed so largely to our early numbers — to that acute critic and unflinching advocate of truth, who has in our columns thrown so much light on our secret history, both literary and political — to that distinguished scholar and states- man, whose articles in Notes and Queries may be numbered by hundreds, and whose last literary essay ap- peared in its pages ? Were we at a moment like the present to forget these. and the many other kind friends who have helped to make us what we are, we should ill deserve a continu- ance of that encouragement and assistance, without which Notes and Queries would lose all its usefulness — encouragement which we are happy to say we receive at all hands — assistance which is still so liberally pro- mised us, that we feel ire are holding out no unfounded expectation when we declare our belief that, like good wine, Notes and Queries will improve with age (and our own experience), and that our Fourth Series will be found to be au excellent vintage. ftntti. THE CARICATURES OF SAMUEL WARD OF IPSWICH. exam OUR FOURTH SERIES. " l-nnra Ntuta mnniim notus Cutlaeus haU hut, Eilius at centum monibus complectitur orbem. »* E« \t> H - preacher as an emblematist or caricaturist has been the subject of frequent comment in the pages of " N. & Q." On that one occasion, and on that only, does he appear to have exercised his satirical ta- lent upon a subject which may be termed political. By so doing he gave great offence in high quarters. lie represented, as I gather from the descriptions of the picture given in your pages and elsewhere, After eighteen years of, we hope, increasing usefulness, and, we gratefully acknowledge, of increasing public fa- vour, we are preparing to give an account of our recent the pQxpe and £jg Council in the centre of the pic- stewardship in the shape of a General Index to our Third Series ; and in the meantime we invite the attention of our Friends and Readers to the Series which is here com- menced. an the other the Gunpowder Treason. The print was published in 1621, when Gondomar was in England Embassador. lie complained of it as In doing so we are specially gratified at being able to ^suiting to his master ; and Ward, whose name point to the various interesting papers in the following pages by those old and valued friends who contributed to our opening number in November, 1841) — who lent the bantling a helping hand when he first tried to walk alone, and now are ready to stand by him, as he does his best to keep the crown of the causeway. We grate- fully acknowledge their long-continued kindness, and the was engraved upon the print as the designer, was thereupon sent for by a messenger. After ex- amination by the Council, he was remitted to the custody of the messenger. I have lately seen two petitions of his, presented whilst he remained in custody, which have relation to this affair, and have never, I believe, been published. One^ of more so, that we regard it as evidence of their recognition \ them gives some additional particulars respecting of our endeavour to maintain the principle that all dis- cussions in Notes and Queries shall be carried on in a catholic, courteous, and friendly spirit, and of their willingness, when we fail, to ** Piece out our imperfections with their thoughts. " But this proud retrospect is not unalloyed with deep / / the history of his caricature, and both seem worthy of a place in " N. & Q." The first was addressed to the Council, apparently very shortly after Ward had been before them, and whilst he seems to have expected that there would be some proceed- ings asramst him in the Star-Chamber : 2 NOTES AND QUEEIES. [4th S. I.: Jan. 4, '68. " To the Right honorable the Lords of his Majesties most honorable Privy Councell. " The humble Petition of Samuell Warde. 44 Whereas hee was charged with three Articles before your Lordships, whereunto hee hopeth hee hath given a satisfactorie answere, and doth in all things most humbly gubmitt himselfe to your Lordships. 44 Hee doth in all submissive manner beseech your Lordships that hee may be discharged from legall and expensive proceedings, and dismissed to the attendance on his charge, promising to be more cautelous for the future, and ever to pray to God," &c. It was probably intimated to him in reply to this petition, that he had given special offence to his majesty, who deemed the publication of the caricature to be an endeavour to excite in the country an anti- Spanish feeling, and thus to thwart the royal policy, which at that time aimed at alliance and union with Spain. Ward then addressed King James in the following words: u To the Kings most excellent Majesty. 44 The humble petition of Samuel Ward, committed for publishing the picture of '88 and November the 6th. 44 Ilumblie shewing that this embleme was by him composed, the english verses excepted, and some other addicion of the Printers, five yceres since, in imitacion of auntient rites grateful^' preserving the memories of ex- tniordinaric favors and deliverances in Coines, Archer, and such like monuments, sent nigh a yeere since to the printers, coupling the two grand blessings of God to this nation, which Divines daylie ioynein their thanksgivings publique, without anie other sinister intencion, especiallie of meddling in anv of vour Majesties secrett affaires : of which at the tyme of the publishing your petitioner was altogether ignorant, and yet heares nothing but by un- certainc reportes As hee lookes for mercie of God and to bee pertaker of your Kovall clemency. 44 May it therefore please your most excellent Majesty to accept of this declaration of your petitioners sinceritie, and after his close and chargable restraint, to restore him againe to the exercise of his funccion, wherein your peticioner as formerlie will most faithfully and fervently recommend both your person and intensions to the spe- ciall direccion and blessing of the King of King*." The soft-hearted monarch was probably mol- lified by this appeal. Ward was released, and re- turned to Ipswich, where lie never again meddled with Pope or King of Spain, but confined his talents in that way to the ornamentation of the title-pages of his published sermons. His con- trast of the Old Times and the New on the title- page of his Woe to Drunkard* (Lond. 8vo, 1635), ought to be reckoned among emblems or carica- tures, but does not seem to have been so regarded by writers on those branches of pictorial illustra- tion. It is in two compartments. In the upper, entitled " Thus of Old/' there is the muscular leg, and the foot firmly fixed in the stirrup, and armed with a powerful spur ; and opposite are a mailed arm, and a gauntleted hand grasping a lance; with an open book in the centre of the compartment. In the lower compartment, entitled " Thus Now," there is a dwarfed leg and a slip- pered foot, the former ornamented with ribands and the arm, no longer mailed, is set forth by a laced cuff, and the hand holds a lighted pipe and a cup in which lurks a cockatrice. Between the leg and the hand, cards and dice occupy the place of the open book. Such pictorial illustration, which tells a whole history at a glance, probably helped to sell his books, and thus to add to that great influence which he exercised throughout the eastern coun- ties of England until he fell into the iron grasp of Bishop Wren and Archbishop Laud. John Brucjs. j 5, Upper Gloucester Street, Dorset Square. THOMAS CHURCHYARD AND THE ROMANCE OF " FORTUNATUS." It is known from his True Discourse historical! of the succeeding Governors in the Netherlands) 1602, and from other sources, that Thomas Churchyard served for some time during 1585, 158G, and 1587 in the wars of the Low Countries ; and, as he was always fond of writing, he even then kept his pen employed. Among his other acquirements he learned Dutch or German ; and while abroad he translated, or, as he terms it, " abstracted " the romance of Fortunatus, which had its origin on the Continent. When he returned to England lie brought his manuscript with him, and pub- lished it under his initials " T. C," which, before and afterwards, he prefixed to not a few of his productions, whether in prose or verse : The right pleasant and variable History of Fortunatus thus made its first appearance in English as " ab- stracted by T. C' The popularity of the romance was so great, that it became the foundation of a most celebrated play by Thomas Dekker, which was purchased by llenslowe for his theatre in 1590, and came out in a printed shape in 1600. There seems to have been even an older drama upon the subject, which had been acted in 1595, and of which it is most likelv that Dekker availed himself: and hence we mav be led to conclude that Churchyard's prose narrative had come out before 1595. Be that as it mav. it may 13 gular that, often and often as it must have been reprinted in the interval, the oldest known copy of the romance bears date about eighty years afterwards, and that has only very recently been discovered. It was then, as the title-page shows, " Printed by A. Purslow for George Sau bridge, at the sign of the Bible on Luddgate Hill, near Fleet-Bridge 167G." 12mo. Many later impressions published by " J. Blare on London Bridge," &c. are extant, but that of 1G7G seems to be the only one which has pre- served two copies of verses by Churchyard: at later dates it was, perhaps, not thought neces- sary to reprint them, because, as the price of 4"> S. I. Jax. 4, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 3 the chap-book was only twopence, the publisher seems to have fancied that the expense of adding the four pages might be avoided. Both pieces are highly characteristic of Churchyard, the first being headed u The Moral Documents and Consi- derations which are to be noted in this Book/' and the other u The Sum and Argument" of the whole story. In the last, consisting of fifty-six lines, the old poet, with much ingenuity, com- presses all the main incidents; but as the former is quite in his style of versification and reflection, and as neither has ever been hitherto noticed, perhaps it may be thought worth while here to subjoin "the moral documents" which Church- yard deduced from his narrative : "How careless youth, to pleasure bent, when wealth doth flow at will, Till raging riot all hath spent, thev never have their fill. 44 How falshood, wrought by flattery, the simple doth assail, When spite with open enmity by no means can prevail. u How bankrouts pincht with poverty, when grace is not their stay, Do seek relief by villany to work their just decay. 44 How those which murder do conceal to plague the Lord is bent, Which all men ought for to reveal, though guiltless of consent. 44 How thieves by custom, in their need, do venture for their prey. Until, when they think best to speed, they work their own decay. 4 How some that fear their state to stain for dread of worldly shame, Will sin procure for private gain, deserving no less blame. 44 How Venus, lust inticing, may soon force the amorous knight His greatest secrets to bewray to work his wofull plight. 44 1 low strength and beauty soon do fail, and health and wealth decay : All fortune's gifts do nought avail, where wisdom bears no sway. u How virtuous life an honest end doth commonly ensue, And they which sin do still pretend with violent death shall rue." Opposite each stanza Churchyard places refer- ences to the forty-seven chapters into which the work is divided, adding that what he has stated "appears by the whole course of the history, espe- cially by the divers dispositions, and final destinies ~r Fortunatus and his two sons." The above verses \ certainly not of much value in themselves, but they deserve preservation as a relic of a poet who was a writer of verse for nearly half a century be- fore the demise of Elizabeth. It is worth adding, that the edition of 1G76 is in black-letter— that the numerous woodcuts are obviously from Dutch or German designs, and that, from their worn and worm-eaten state, it is probable they were the very same that were used for the work when it first came out in English anterior to the 1595. year J. Payne Collier, Maidenhead, Xmas, 1867. GEORGE TURBERVILE: A NEW-YEAR GIFT. I never could quite reconcile myself to the phrase / wish you a merry Christmas. It has seemed to me, adopting the modern interpretations of merriment, as an incongruity. On further in- quiry, this is my conclusion : the phrase is an archaism, and the word meiry should be inter- preted in accordance with the sense which it bore in early times, i. e. Pleasant, sweety agreeable, etc. {Jos. Bosworth -+- Todd on Johnson). The other wish of the season is beyond the reach of objection. Nevertheless, an incidental circumstance must here be recorded. Christmas day was formerly the commencement of a new year (T. I). Hardy) — so we now join the two wishes without the reason which prompted it ! To conciliate the lovers of folk-lore, I waive that point and proceed. When we salute our friends with A happy nerr-year to yoti ! we unite the duties of charity and courtesy, and I hope the custom will never be laid aside. It has sub- stantial claims to perpetuity. The sympathising wish accepted, it rests with the receiver to turn it to account. The question is, What most contributes to happiness P I should be inclined to advocate, in plain prose, The culture of the wits; but I find the task so skilfully per- formed, and in attractive verse, that I avail myself of it without any misgiving as to their appre- ciation. It was set forth by a man of note, now seldom named, in the year 1507 : IK COMMENDATION OF WIT. Wit farre exceedeth wealth. Wit princely pompe excels, Wit better is than beauties beames. Where pride and daunger dwels. Wit matcheth kindly crowne, Wit maisters witlesse rage ; Wit rules the fonde affects of youth. Wit guides the steps of age. Wit wants no reasons skill A faithfull friend to know : Writ wotes full well the way to voide The smooth and fleering fo. Wit knowes what best becomnies. And what unseemely showes : Wit hath a wile to ware the worst, Wit all good fashion knowes. Since wit by wisedome can Doe this, and all the rest. That I imploy my painefull head To come bv wit is best : 4 OTES D QU [4* S. I. Jan. 4, >G8. Whome if I might attainc, Then wit and I were one ; But till time wit and I doe cope, I shall be post alone. Geonrc Tukbervilk. script** tells us. "When debarred/' says the writer, <4 by the Presbyterians to use the "Word, he took the sword, and valiantly wielded the same of genius and taste are to be met with in English literature before Spenser had framed a sonnet or Shakspere had learned his A B C. BOLTOX CORNEY. Barnes, S.W. against the Irish; and he got a command, in whicli T . . .. , ., , ° . , . he served diverse years in the beginning of the I have transcribed the above verses as a suitable d Tehellion [abo'ut 1641] inIrel*nd( a£d never new-year gift to the authors and readers of Notes gmwd ^ Qn ^ g J nor f q^ and Queries, and as an additional proof that^marks ^^ gQ he ^ deaep?ed tbe satisfaction which Ids posterity has for his said services before June 1(>49." The author further says, he lived till 1658, and quotes the following epitaph, which he had from " Mr. Alexander M'Causland " : — u Now he to nature his last debt bequeaths, Who, in hi» life, charged through a thousand deaths. One man vhave seldom seen on stage to doe The parts of Samuell and of Sampson too; Fit t to convince or hew an Agag down, Fierce in his arms and priestlike in his gown. These characters were due as all may see To our divine and brave Montgomery. Now judge with what a courage he will rise When the last trumpet sounds the great assize." Montgomery could thus wield the Word or the He married Margaret THE AUTHOR OF '-THE CHER^IE AND THE SLAE," AND HIS DESCENDANTS. When, by the rebellion of (VXeil, in the latter years of the reign of Elizabeth, the greater part of the North of Ireland came to be at the disposal of the Crown, Sir Hugh Montgomery of Braidstane, a cadet of the Eglintoun family, managed affairs so judiciously at the court of James I., that the lands of ( )'Neil were, by a tripartite arrangement, divided between liraidstane, Hamilton, and (VXeil. The latter was Chief of Ulster, and held the district by the Celtic law of tanistry, which, being ille- gal, no doubt had its influence in bringing him Letters patent to this effect passed the great seal of Ireland on the IGth April,* 1005. At that time the Xorth of Ireland, it is said, resembled the wilds of America, with this difference, that it was not u encumbered with great woods to be felled and grubbed/' but nearly as desolate in point of population. Under the leadership of Montgomery, who became Vis- count of Ardes in 1022, the colony of Scots, with whom he had peopled Ulster, speedily became a thriving community. Upwards of a thousand settlers, chiefly from Ayrshire, including trades- men of all kinds, followed him at first, and nu- merous others found their way across the channel into the schemes of Montgomery. sword with equal power. Coningham, sister of Sir Arthur Coningham, an ancestor of the Marquis of Conyngham. By this lady he had at lea«*t two sons, the eldest of whom, John, was a major in "the third viscount's party." and was taken prisoner "by the usurpers sol- He was amongst others, At in subsequent years. It was these people who introduced the manufacture of linen, which ulti- mately became the staple trade of the district, and it was by their means that Protestantism took such a prominent position in the Xorth of Ireland. Though the familv of the Viscount has failed in the male line, and the title of Mount- Alexander is extinct, yet there are branches of the Montgomery and other Scottish families, who, springing out of this settlement, have taken root and still flourish. Amongst those who joined the community from Scotland, some years afterwards, was " Mr. Alex- ander Montgomery," whom the Viscount of Ardes settled near Deny ; and, being a minister, he became prebend of Do. There is no appearance of Do having been connected witli a cathedral ; but that he was an Episcopalian is confirmed by what the author of The Montgomery Manu- diers," during the Cromwellian struggle, proprietor of several estates Castle Aghray, in the county of Donegal, his death his* will was recorded in the Probate Court, Dublin, on the 28th August, 1079; and, singular enough, adhibited to his signature are the arms of the Montgomeries of Hcmlheid, with the initials " A. M." above. Major John left a family, whose descendants still enjoy the property ; and one of them, with the true Montgomery pen- chant for arms, ;is a brigadier-general in the Bombay armv, and may now be on his way to .Abv This brings us to inquire whether Captain Alex- ander Montgomery, author of " The Cherrie and the Slae," had a family. Although one of the best and most celebrated poets of his age, little is known of his personal history. When Dr. Irving printed his Lives of the Scottish Poets, in 1802, he literally knew nothing of him, save a few inferences derived from his writings, to which he added his belief that he belonged to the Eglintoun family. When he published the collected poems of Montgomery, however, in 1822, lie brought proof enough that he was of the Ilessilheid branch — the first of whom was Hugh, third eon of Alexander, Master of Montgomery, and grandson of the first Lord Montgomery. The poet was the second son of Hugh Montgomery, third laird of Ilessilheid. He was born, not at Published at Belfast in 1830. 4*S.I. Jan. 4, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 5 Hessillieid,.as Pont states, but in Germany, as he says himself; and he further incidentally men- tions that his birth took place " on Eister-day at morne"; but in what year the world is left to guess perhaps in 1554. Of the early habits and education of Montgo- mery little is known for certain. His aunt Marian, sister of his father, married for her third husband John Campbell of Skipnish, in Argyleshire. It is supposed from what Hume of Pol wart says, in one of their flyting epistles, that he had passed some portion of his boyhood at Skipnish ; and Demp- ster remarks that he was usually designated equcs Montana*, a phrase synonymous to u Highland trooper." The poet himself alludes to his resi- dence in the Highlands in his epistle to Robert 1 ludeon : — 44 Thi* is no life that I live vpalaml,* On raw red herring related in the reik : Syn I am subject sometymc to be seik, And day lie deeing of my auld diseise." As te his personal appearauce, Montgomery savs, " I nchame not of my schape ; " and adds, " though I be laich, I beir a michtie mynd.M He is invariably styled Captain, and, from Melville & Diary, it would appear that he was captain of one of the companies maintained in Edinburgh under the regenc}' of Morton in 1570. It is curious, at the same time, that his name does not occur in the Treasurer's Accounts, either during the regency or the reign of James VI. There are, to be sure, several volumes wanting — as for example from 1574 to 1570, and from 1584 to 1590. Then* are at least six captains, with their companies, men- tioned— the germs of a standing army — during the regency of Morton — almost all of whom disap- pear after the accession of the king. At the same time it is universally understood that the poet was a favourite at court. He had a pension of five hundred merks, payable out of the rents of the archbishopric of Glasgow, given by the at Falkland, 27th September, 1583. This pension he seems to have quietly enjoyed until 1580, when he obtained the royal licence to travel abroad for the space of five years. The best ac- count, perhaps, of this affair, and his consequent troubles, is supplied by the Privy Seal itself. . . . "Ane lettre maid, makand mentioun that our soueranc lord, (For divers guid causes and consideratiounis moving his hienes, and for the gude, trew, and thankfuli service done and to be done to his Maicstie be his gude servitour Capitane Alexr Montgomerie, with avise and consent of the lordis of his Maiesties secrcit Counsal), gevand, grantand and disponand to him ane zeirlie pen- sioun, during all the dayis of his lifetyme, of the soume of fyve hundreth merks money of this realme,to be zeirlie lane, and vpliftit furth of the reddiest maills, &c. of the Hishoprick of Glasgow Begin na ml the first pay- ment thairof off the cropc and zeir of (jod Jaj Vc four scoir tua zeiris .... according to the quhich the said king, * A mountainous country. Capitane Alexander obtainit. decreit of the Lordis of Counsall, with letters in the foil re formes thairupoun, be vertew of the quhilkis he become in peacabill possessioun of vplifting and intrometting with his said pensioun fra the tenentis and otheris addebtit, in payment thairof, continuallie quhile the zeir of God Jaj V« four scoir sex zeiris, at the quhilk tyme, upoun speciall and guid re- spects moving our said soueranc lord, his hienes gave and grantit to the said Capitane Alexr his Maiesties licence to depairt and pass of this realme to the pairtis of France, Flanderis, Spaine and otheris bezoud sey, for the space of fyve zeiris thaireftir, during the quhilk space our said souerane lord tuik the said Capitane Alexr and his said pensioun under his Maiesties protectioun, mantenance and saifgaird, as the protectioun maid thairupoun at mair lenth beiris, according to the quhilk he depairtit of this realme to the pairtis of Flanders, Spaine, and otheris beyond sey, quheras he remanit continewallie sensyne, deteynit and halden in prison and captivitic, to the greit hurt and vexatioun of his persoun, attour the lose of his guidis. In the menetyme, notwithstanding of the said licence and protectioun, the said Capitane Alexr, his facto uris and servitouri*, has bene maist wranguslie stoppit, hinderit and debarrit in the peceabill possessioun of his said p.n- sioun, but ony guidordour or forme of justice, to his greit hurt, hinder and prejudice, quhairas his guid service merited rather augmeiitatioun nor diminisching of the said pensioun, his hieness thairfoir, movit with the pre- mises, and willing the said Capitane Alexander sail have better occasioun to contincw in his said service to his maiestie in all tynic hcircftir, now efter his hienes lauch- full and perfyte aige of xxi zeiris compleit, and general 1 revocatioun maid in Parliament, ratefeand, apprevand and confermand to the said Capitane Alexr all and haile the lettres of pensioun above snecifeit. . . . In the mcan- tvme, and .special lie the restitution of James Bishop of Glasgow, out of the quhilk our said souerane lord now as then sjieciallie except is and reservis to the said Capitane Alexr the said pensioun, sua that he may bruik the samin siclykeasgif the said present restitutioun had never bene grantit ; attour his hienes of new gevis, grant is and disponis to the said Capitane Alexr. during all the dayis of his lvletvnie, all and haill the said zeirlie j>ensioun of fyve hundreth inerkis money foirsaid. . . . Beginnand the first terme's payment of the crfipe and zeir of (Jod Jaj Vc fourscoir audit zeiris, fourscoir nyne zeiris ap- proacheand, and siclykc zeirlie and termclie in tyine cuming." Thus we see that the poet's pension had been illegally interfered with during nis absence, not- withstanding the king's protection, and he him- self thrown into prison. In his sonnets the author makes heavy complaint on the subject, and hesi- tates not to accuse the Lords of Session of a per- version of justice. "The Cherrie and the Slae," on which the fame of Montgomery chiefly rests, was first printed by Robert Waldegrave in 1597; and although it seems inferable that he resided in or about Edin- burgh, yet no memorial of this is to be found. It is supposed that he died between 1005 and 1015. At all events he certainly was dead before the lat- ter year. He appears never to have posse .-sed any landed property, hence the impossibility of tracing him in the public records'. That he was married, and had at least two of a family — Alexander and Margaret — is the problem we shall now attempt to demonstrate* 6 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S.I. Jan. 4, 'G8. A trial for witchcraft took place in Glasgow, on the 22nd March, 1022. Margaret Wallace was accused of having consulted the late Cristiane Grahame, a notorious witch, for various purposes ; and a somewhat voluminous charge was made against her, amongst other things for having be- witched the child of Alexander Vallange, or Val- lance, burgess of Glasgow, and Margaret Mont- gomery, his spouse. The verdict sufficiently ex- plains the accusation : " And siclyk, all in ane voice, ffyleshirof the fourt poynt of dittay, and haill circumstances mcntionct thairintill, anent the consulting with umquhile Cristiane Grahame, ane notorious witche, for cureintf of hir aelff of ane suddane disease, he taking the samyn olf hir, and laying it vponc Alexander Vallange bairne : and thairefter cureing the said bairne of the said disease, in forme and maimer speci- fiet in the dittay."* "Mr. Alexander Montgomery/' brother of Mrs. Vallance, had been called as a witness regarding the trouble of the child, but he absented himself, on the ground of sickness, and forwarded a certifi- cate to that effect. In the pleadings it was urged specially that "his (Mr. Alexander's) deposition could nocht have been ressauvit gif he had com- peirit, becaus it wald haife bene objoctit contrair him, that he and Margaret Montgomerie (Mrs. Val- lance) are brother bairns of the turns of Hessilheid, quhais doehter is allegit to haif bene witchit," &c. Now, there was no one to whom the expression "brother bairns'' could apply save to the children of Captain Alexander Montgomery, whose elder brother, John, succeeded to the family estate of Ile^ilheid. True, when the trial took place, in 1G22, Robert, the grand-nephew of the poet, was in possession of the property ; but the passage does not state the precise relationship of the parties ; it merely says that they were " brother bairns of the nous of Hessilheid ;" and there are no others in the pedigree of that family to whom such a reference could be made but to the brothers John and Alexander. The Glasgow city parish register in so far con- firms the prolocutor's statement at the trial : " 5th Mav 1614. Alexander Vallance, Margaret Mont- gomerie, ane laufull doehter, Margaret. Godfatheris, Mr. Johnne Huchesoune, William Cleland." This apparently was their first child. In 1017 they had a son baptised Robert, at whose baptism one of the godfathers was "Mr. Robert Mont- omerie," for whom the child was no doubt called. been the minister of the archbishopric He was a younger brother of Captain Montgomery. There was, indeed, only one other Mr. Robert Montgomery, described in his latter will, which is recorded 4th April, 1611, as u sumtyme minister at Stewartoun." It therefore * Criminal Trials. Symington, who surrendered of Glasgow in 1587. could not be this Mr. Robert. Alexander Vallance and Margaret Montgomery had several other chil- dren: Marie in 1(519, and Christian e in 1621. The poet seems to have been dead before his daugh- ter's marriage to Vallance— hence his name does not occur as a witness at any of the baptisms The presence, however, of "Mr. Robert," his younger brother, shows the connection. Did the parish register of Glasgow or Beith go far enough back, we might have found the marriage of Val- lance and his spouse. u Mr. Alexander Montgomery," brothor of Mrs. Vallance, was no doubt the same party who after- wards became "prebend of Do." That his father, Captain Alexander Montgomery, was an Episco- palian is to be presumed from his being a courtier of James VI., and from his intimacy with "Bishop Beton" (Archbishop of Glasgow from 1552 to 15(50, and again from 1598 to his death in 1603): hence the fact of his son being also an Episcopa- lian, "prebend of Do." lie had every inducement to go to Ireland. The Viscount of Ardes was his cousin, by the mother's side, and the houses of Braidstane and Hessilheid were descended from the same source. Nor had he reason to complain of the reception he met with from the viscount. These facts aro confirmed by the Hessilheid arms, which, as given in Pont's MSS., Advocates' Library, are: "Azure, two lances of tournament, proper, between three fleurs-de-lis, or, and in the chief point an annulet, or, stoned, azure, with an indentation in the side of the shield, on the dexter side." The arms of the poet, being a youngor son, were slightly different — two lances, with threo lleurs-de-lis in chief, and three annulets in base which he and his family seem to have cherished. They are found on a tombstone at Do, where "Mr. Alexander" was prebend, united in a shield with those of the Conynghams — now Marquis of Conyngham — descended from the Earls of Glen- cairn, together with this inscription: 44 Hero lyeth the body of Margaret Montgomery, Alis Coningham, who was the wife of Alexander Montgomery, whoe deceased the 18 of June, Anno Domeny 1675." Margaret Coningham had thus outlived her husband seventeen years. The arms attached to the will of Major John Montgomery, in 1079, with the initials UA. M." must have belonged either to his father or grand- father. With the exception of his son, the poet was the only one of the Hessilheid branch called Alexander, and the probability is that he himself had the seal engraved when he went abroad in 1586. In his day it was customary for gentlemen going on a tour to carry with them proofs of their descent, if from a noble or ancient family — and coats of arms were considered amongst the most effective. "Mr* Alexander," on joining his relations in Ireland, did not need such evidence of his descent, 4* S. I. Jan. 4, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 7 It will thus appear that there are substantial reasons for believing that the house of Hessilheid is still represented by the descendants of the au- thor of " The Cherrie and the Slae." J. Pn. ANCIENT DRINKING GLASS. I have met with a coloured drawing of the figures upon a very interesting old drinking glass of the date of 1590, which at the time when the drawing was made (1818) was in the possession of the Comte Francis de Thiennes, at Ghent. The crlass measured ten inches in height and fif- erence. The fol- and six-eighths in circumt iff inscrintion runs round of the glass "Die Romische KaVserliche Majestat Samrat den Sieben Churfte : In trey [illegible] durg ampt und Sitz." Below these words, the emperor appears in the middle, seated on his throne, wearing his imperial robes and crown, and holding a globe and sceptre, with an escutcheon before him emblazoned with the black double-headed eagle displayed. On his right, stand three prince- bishop electors, with the arms ot each on a shield before him, and each holds the insignia of his office. These are, Trier f holding a roll of parchment ; Coin, holding a glove ; and Mainlz, bearing a deed, to which a seal is appended, in one band, and a pointer, or puncturing style, in the other. On the left hand of the emperor are four other figures. The first is the Kins of Bohemia, crowned, and carrying a covered golden vase and a sceptre ; and above him is inscribed beheni. Next comes the Count Palatine, bearing three cushions piled up, and bound with abroad band, and long sleeves or legs depending from his wrists. Over his head is the word Pfah. The Duke of Saxony stands next, bearing a sword of state, and the word Sachsen appears over his head. Last is the Mar- grave of Brandenburg, holding a huge golden key, from the bow of which hang three small keys. Above him is tbe word brandenburg. These, like the other three, have each arms on their shields red eagle, si Undernea inscription : Brandenburg empe 44 Also in all ihren ornat, Sitzet kayserliche Majestat, Sampt den sieben ChQflirste .*.)•,/ •» , Wie den ein jedtr aitzen ] illegible. In churfustelicher kleidung sein Mit an Zeygung der ampts hin. 1 596." Under the three prince-bishop electors are these lines : — * Der ErtzbischofF zu Mentz bekandt ist cantzler in dem Deutzscben laudu So is der Bischoff zu Coin gleich Auch Cantzler diirch gantz Frankreich, dar nacb der ErtzbischofT zu Trier ist Cantzler in Welches resiers." Below the four figures on the other side are inscribed the following verses : 44 der konig in boh men der ist des reiche ertzshenck zu aller frist darnach der Pfaltzgraff bey den rein des heyligen reichs truchfass thut it in. der Herzog zu Sachsen geboren ist des Reiches marschaith auserkorn der Margraff von Brandenburg gutt der Reiciis ertzkammer fein thut." Between the two groups of electors rises a very conventional lily of the valley. But what is most striking is to consider what the Margrave of Bran- denburg, who ranks here the last, has since be- F. C. H. come. "A TRUE AND ADMIRABLE HISTORIE OF A MAYDEX OF CONFOLENS-," AN UNDKSCKIBKD TKACT BY ANTIIONY MUNDAY. I have before me a little volume of consider- able rarity, which undoubtedly came from the prolific pen of Anthony Munday, although it only bears his initials. It is not mentioned in Mr. J. Payne Collier's " List of Anthony Monday's Works," prefixed to John a Kent and John a Cumber, printed for the Shakespeare Society in 1851 ; nor in the same gentleman's valuable Bib* liof/raphical Account of Early English Literature. The copy about to be described I purchased some eight or ten years back of Mr. Bumstead the bookseller. It has the book-plate of "Edward Winstanley," and, as far as 1 can learn, is the only known exemplar. Until a slight mention of it appeared in Mr. W. Carew Ilazhtt's Hand-book of Popular English Literature, it had entirely escaped notice. The title of this rarity is as follows : " A True and admirable Historic of a Mayden of Con- folens, in the Prouince of Poictiers : that for the space of three veeres and more hath lined, and yet doth, without receiuing either mrate or drinke. Of whom his Maitstie in person hath had the view, and (by his commauntl) his best and chief est Phisitians haue tryed all meanes to find whether this fast and abstinence be by deceit or nn. In this Historic is also discoursed, whether a man may liue many dayes, moneths, or yeeres, without receiuing any sustenance. Published by the Kings especiall Priuiledge. At London, Printed by J. Roberts, and are to be sold at his house in Barbican. Anno Dora. 1603." The tract consists of 102 pages in octavo, exclu- sive of title-page and preliminary matter, pying 1(5 pages more. It is dedicated 44 To the Worshipfull M. Thomas Thorney, Maister. M. William Martin, M. Edward Jhydes, and M. Thomas Martin: Gouernours of the Misterie and Cominaltie of the Barber Chirurgians. And to the whole Assistants of the clothing: happie success in all their actions most hartily wished." 8 NOTES QUERIES [4«hS. I. Jan. 4, '68. In the dedication, which is subscribed " Your worships in true affection, A. M.," the writer says: " The author of this labour in French, as (by reading) I am sure your selues will say no lesse, is both an excel- lent Philosopher, Phisitian, Chirurgian, and a ski 1 full Anatomiste, and of all these hath made good witnesse in this discourse. I could not be-thinke me, to bestowe my paines any where more desertfullie, then on such as are answerable to the first Authours qualitie : which neither 1 would not ouer-boldly presume to doo, till (by a kinde examen) of some of your selues the worke was thought worthie your entertayning. It hath cost me good paines, and therefore may merit the kinder acceptauncc : which if it do linde at your hands, as 1 would be sorie but it should, I remaine yours in my more serious imploy- ment." The dedication is f )llo\ved by an address li To the Reader," which commences thus: " Friendly Reader, hauing seriously read ouer (and with no meane admiration) this present Historic : I made stealth of some priuate houres, from my more weightie imp)ovments,«to let thee haue the same in thine owne familfare language. Wherein (I hope) thou wilt thank- fully accept, if not my paines yet (at least) the kinde affection I beare thee, in acquainting thee with one of the rarest meruailes which can be found among the his- tories of elder ages, or those more recent and of later times." We have then the testimonies in Latin and French (sometimes Englished) of many u worthie, grave, and credible persons/' in favour of the u marvel. These include the names of N. Ila- inus, F. Citois, M. Vidard, Pasch. Lo Coq, L. ])t> a Koque, and others — " Who have all seenc the Maiden now in question, and (by his Majesties eommaundement, they booing his best and chcefest Phisitians) they haue made triall to their verie vttermost, to linde out the least scruple of deceite heerein to be imagined. They haue committed her from her Parents, to diuers Noble and woorthie person^ some of which haue kept her close lookt vp, some foure, liue, or sixe weekes, some for as many and more monethes to- gether, where not so much as the sent of any foode was to bee felt : and notwithstanding, they found her in the verie same estate as when they shut hor vp vpon this proofe." After these testimonies we have a poetical epistle, in French and English, "To Monsieur Lescarbot, vpon the traducing of this history ; " and another in English (by far the most interest- ing thing in the book), which I shall make no apology for transcribing in full : "To his good friend A. M. " Wonder, bee dumb : and (now) no more prefer, (Like to some selfe lou'd, boasting Trauailer) Thy past Aduentures : for an Age is borne, Upon whose forhead, caracters are worne So strangely, that ee'ne Admiration stands Amazde to read them (with heau'd eyes and hands). Times oldest Chronicle p roues it most cleere, England neere spent such a miraculous yeere, And (Fraunce !) thy maiden child-birth goes (by far) Beyond all those, bred in thy ciuill warre : The wonder being (by thus much) greater growne, Last day she spake no language but her owne, t Yet now shec's vnderstood by Englishmen, Such Magick waitcs (deere friend) vpon thy pen. " Tuo. Dekkeu." If any doubt existed as to this brochure being the work of Anthony Munday, that doubt must vanish after reading the testimony of Dekker to his " good friend." The two poets were associated in 1598 (in conjunction with Robert Wilson) in a play called Cliance Medley ; and again in 1002, in another play entitled The Two Hmyyes [Harpies?") (in conjunction with Middleton, Webster, and Drayton). Both plays are mentioned by Hen- slowe, but they have not come down to our time. We now come to the text of the book itself, which may be very briefly dispatched. It is made up of copious extracts from the ancients, inter- mixed with the experience and opinions of the moderns, as to the possibility of human and animal life being sustained witliout food — an ex- periment which I feel assured that none of the readers of u N. & Q." will care to try. The story of the maiden " who for the space of three years, and even till this day, hath lived and doth," without any bodily food or sustenance, is briefly this : — "The Maiden is about II yceres of age, and is named Jane flalan, her lather John Balan, a Locksmith, and her Mother Laurvnria ChamMla : her stature is answer- able to her age, somewhat Country-like of behauiour, a natiue of the Towne of Gmfotcrns, vpon the Kiuer of Vienna, in the confines of Liinosin, and also of Poictu. In the eleuenth yeere of her age, being seazed on by a continuall Feauer, the 10 day of Februarie, 1599, shee bath since then been assailed with the acccsse of diuers other sicknesses : and beyond all the rest, with a con- tinuall casting or vomiting for the space of 20 dayes toge- ther. The Feauer hauing somewhat left her, she grew to be speechlessc, and continued so 28 dayes, without the deliuerie of anv one word : at the end of which time, she came to her selfe againe, and spake as she had done before (sauing that her words were full of feare, and void of good sence). Xowe came vppon her a weakened, and benumming of all her sences and bodilie moouings, from beneath the head, in such sort, that Oesophagus it selfe, (beeing that part of the stomack, which serues as con- duct for passage of meate and drink, into that which we terme the little bellie) being dissolu'd, it lost the force attractiue. Since which time, could not any one per- swade this Mayden (in any manner) to eate, albeit they made trial, to haue her but suck or lick meates, delicate fruits, and sweet things, agreeable to such young yeeres. Notwithstanding, the vse and motion of her members, came to her againe about fiue months after : except in one hippe, on which side yet she goes with some difficultie. One onely impotencie remaineth to her, that she cannot swallow or let down any thing, for she altogether loathes and abhors mightily, both meates and drinkes." Whether the maiden's secret was ever dis- covered, as doubtless it was, I have no present means of knowing. The more recent instances of pretended abstinence from food — viz. that of Martha Taylor, " the fam'd Darbyshire damsel," 4* S. I. Jan. 4, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 9 1G69; the Swedish maid, Estrid, "who lived six years without food," 1711; and the celebrated Ann Moore of Tutbury, 1813— are, I believe, well-known cases of imposture. Edward F. Rimbault. LAMBKTII LIBKAKY AND ITS LIBRARIANS. At a moment when the whole world of letters is watching with anxiety the fate of this remark- able library, a few notes on its origin and con- tents, and on the eminent scholars to whose care it has been from time to time entrusted, will, I hope, not be considered inopportune. Archbishop Bancroft was the first founder of this library, who by his will dated 28th October, ltflO, gave all his books to his " successors and tjie Archbishops of Canterbury for ever," pro- vided they bound themselves to the necessary as- surances for the continuance of such books to the archbishops successively ; otherwise the books were bequeathed to His Majesty's College at Chel- sea u if it be erected within these six years," or otherwise " to the publique library of the Univer- sity of Cambridge." Bancroft's immediate successor used all proper means to secure and perpetuate this generous De- quest to the succeeding Archbishops of Canter- bury, as will be seen bv a remarkable document drawn up by him in October 1012, and which DucjuvI has printed in his History of Lambeth, pp. 48-o2. From this we learn that — •4. Tames the First, conceiving it to be a monument of fame within his kingdome, and of great use to himsolfe and his successors, as well as to the Church of God, that in a place no neare unto his myall palace these bookes should be preserved, did, after mature deliberation, com- mend the care and consideration hereof unto Sir Francis Hacon, Knight, his majesties sollicker, that he should thinke upon sonv course how the custody of the librarv might be established, and that by the negligence of those that came after so excellent a work might not be frus- trated to the hurt of the Church and Commonwealth." Bacon tirst directed that a catalogue of the books " should be carefully and exquisitely made/' that it might be known in the ages to come what were the books so loft to successive archbishops, and that this catalogue should be sent to the Dean and Chanter, to be there laid up in orchitis, and that a duplicate should remain in the library at Lambeth, that each succeeding archbishop might know what books were in his custody, and carefully look to the conservation of them. The document then recites tho difficulties which Uacon saw in the way of binding each successive archbishop by bond, and the steps which Arch- bishop Abbot took to carry out, as far as possible, Bancroft's wishes. Catalogues were duly made, the books compared with them, and the accu- racy of the catalogues attested by the subscrip- tion of the compilers. The archbishop, after solemnlv pledging himself to keep the books safely to the Ibest of his power, then declares his intention to bequeath his own books to " encreaso that number which my pre- decessor left to the greater use and more ample benelit of those that shall succeed me ; " and of leaving a catalogue of such books, that those which come after may see that he had not been u a diminisher or dissipator of that which was en- trusted to him, but rather an enlarger and in- creaser of the same." The words with which this interesting: docu- ment concludes are too important to admit of being abridged. 44 It remaineth now that I do pray and beseech those that shall succeede me in this arehbishopricke, which by these presents I do, and in the bow el Is of Christ Jesus do adjure, as thev will answer unto me and to my prede- cessor in that fearful day of God, that with the like care and diligence they looke to the preservation of this Li- brary, and setting aside all subteltie, or fraude, or pretence, which worldly wisedome may devise to the contrary, they do suffer them, as farre as lveth in them, to descend from a^c to age, and from succession to succession, to the ser- vice of (Jod and his Church, of the Kings and Common- wealth of this realme, and particularly of the Archbishops of Canterbury. And God, who knoweth herein the in- tegritie of my harte, blesse this purpose and endeavour of my predecessor and myselfe, and blesse all them to whom the care of this may any wayes appertains to the honour of his name, the good of his Church, and their own everlasting comfort. 44 G. Cant. 44 October loth, 1612." The library thus constituted by the munificence and piety of Bancroft and Abbot,* continued at Lambeth till, as Ducarel tells us, " the approach of the troublesome times when ('Chelsea College having failed, and the order of bisnops being voted down) Selden, to secure their preservation (they had been seized by the Parliament and transferred to Sion College) suggested to the University of Cambridge their right to the books ; and eventu- ally, by his advice and with his assistance and that of Dr. Hill, Master of Trinity and Vice- Chancellor, they wero delivered to the Univer- sity. After the Restoration, they were reclaimed by Archbishop Juxon ; but he dying before the books were restored, it was left to his successor Sheldon to see them replaced at Lambeth, who, moreover, by his will bequeathed a portion of his own library " towards the encrease and improvement of the publique library of the See of Canterbury, now settled at Lambeth house." Archbishop Sancroft had actually placed his valuable collection of books and MSS. in the library for tho use of his successors ; but upon • There are but few of Laud's books at Lambeth ; his entire library, both of books and MSS. which he had in the Palace having (according to Ducarel) been plundered by Colonel Scott about the vear 1G44. 10 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S. I. Jan. 4, '68. his deprivation, presented them to Emmanuel Col- lege, Cambridge, of which he had been Master. Archbishop Tennison bequeathed a portion of his library to Lambeth, a part to St. Paul's Ca- thedral, and part to the library which he had the Darish of St. Martin's-in-the- Fields founded in the parish which part was sold by auction a few years since ! During the next fifty years, when the see was filled by Wake, Potter, Herring, and Ilutton, few additions were made to the library. But Arch- bishop Seeker, besides expending upwards of 300/. in improving the MS. library, directed by his will all the books in his own library of which there existed no copies in the archiepiscopal collection to be added to it. Archbishop Cornwallis caused the large col- lection of tracts which had accumulated be- tween the time of Henry VII. and Queen Anne to be arranged and bound in sixty volumes ; and Archbishop Manners-Sutton is said to have largely added to the collection of theology. Of the nature and value of the library it is impossible to speak at length in these columns. The names of the donors are a guarantee for the richness, utility, and importance of the books. But there is one class of works which deserves to be specially noticed, the more so that neither Dr. Ducarel nor Mr. Beriah Botfield makes any allusion to it. I mean the books sent in for the approval of the licenser ; but which, in conse- quence of the license being refused, were never published. The copies sent in for approval were, however, retained in the library, and have thus been preserved for reference at the present day. The library, which consists of about twenty-five thousand volumes, is now deposited in the Great Hall built by Juxon, and beautifully restored for the purpose by Blore, at the cost of Archbishop The books • and Commonwealth of this Realm," opens up a point which does not seem to have been duly considered — namely, that while on the one hand the archbishop may fairly be called upon to con- tribute somewhat to the maintenance of the library, in return for the advantages which he may derive from it, the larger contribution should be made by or on behalf of the Crown, the Church, and the Commonwealth, who share that advantage, but in a much larger proportion. I must reserve for another paper my notes on the librarians. William J. Thoms. Folk-Lore : Superstitions. — Pretty well ac- quainted with popular superstitions, I have this week met with two which are either new or very faintly remembered. A worthy laundress neigh^ bour is in sore distress — the cock has crowed on two or three nights at nine o'clock ! It is the sure sign of an early death in her family, and that will be the dying hour. The event happened exactly as fore-crowed when she lost her last daughter. The " robin weeping " on the window- sill was another certain indication of approaching death ! As I had never heard of a robin weeping, I asked what was meant, and was told the name was given to the little sharp querulous note of the bird often heard when it perches near without breaking into song. Are these superstitions gene- rallv known ? BusiieyIIea.tii. Irish Folk-Lore. Howley. The books are arranged in oaken book- cases which surround the room and project at intervals from the walls, making in each recess a little book-room, the very beau-ideal of a place of study. Such is the origin of this remarkable and most important library — a library which the present excellent Primate has declared it was "his wish The two following bits of folk-lore are, I think, worth being laid up in the treasury of " N. & Q." Some years ago I was on a visit at the house of a relative in the West of Ireland. The lands had been a grant from Queen Elizabeth to an ancestor, and the house had been inhabited by members of the family for nearly three hundred years. Originally a farra-h rooms had been added on as required, with perfect contempt of facility of access. Sons brought home their wives, and of course settled down in the paternal mansion. Orphan cousins were adopted, particularly if of the weaker sex, until provided for by marriage (some never married), and at one time, exclusive of " the master's " family, two male and three female branches of the stock, all long past the usual or unusual age of matrimony, were residing in the house, and a happier family was unknown through the length and breadth of the land. When I saw it, the house had taken the form of two sides of a right- angled triangle, and scarcely one room in it was accessible without passing through two or three others! Having been originally thatched, the additions were also thatched; and now comes my first bit of folk-lore. The tenants who had " lived under his honour and his honour's father and service of God and His Church, and of the Kings I grandfather for hundreds of years,'' were highly and intention to render as useful as possible to the public" — thereby acting entirely in the spirit of the founders, who, as we have seen, adjured their successors to suffer the books, "as far a^ lieth in them, to descend from age to age, and from suc- cession to succession, to the service of God and His Church, of the Kings and Commonwealth of this Realme, and particularly of the Archbishops of Canterbury." The fact that, though intended particularly for the Archbishops of Canterbury, the library was not intended for their exclusive use, but for u the 4* S. I. Jan. 4, '68. ] NOTES AND QUERIES. 11 clannish in their feelings towards the " ould family," and regularly on Candlemas Day the principal man among them, who was a sort ot overseer of the rest, came with much ceremony and deposited in various parts of the roof short sticks, each with three branches, as a preservative against fire; and as the house was not burned down, no doubt the remedy was infallible. As my other bit of folk-lore contains a query as well as* a note, I will keep it till another opportunity. Cywbm. Porth-yr-Aur, Carnarvon. RETAINING It is curious to remark how often, and for how long a period, names retain their ancient sound in the vernacular pronunciation, though their written form may have been greatly changed. Thus, in a charter of King Alfred, the two manors of Gissic and Fitntmal are granted to Shaftesbury Abbey, much more nearly representing the ordinary pro- nunciation than Gussaye and Fontmel, as these names are now written. Again, in auother ancient West Country docu- ment, I find the word flannel written, as it is still commonly called bv the poor, flanncn, sug- gestive rather of a Celtic than a Romance deri- vation. But I would also call attention to another fact, which, if there be anything in it, is still more re- markable. There is a family in this neighbour- hood whose name is constantly written Elsicorth, but pertinaciously pronounced by the common people FJford. I have sometimes dreamed that this mavp v )lybetho old Saxon name of Wttlf- hrard, still lingering amongst us, land in Chesel- borne, Dorset, having been granted by Eadgar to a person of that name. C. W. Bingham. The Madonna della Sedia (after Raf- faellb) by many Engravers. — This most charm- ing picture of Raphael's seems to have been the favourite theme of many engravers. In the cata- logue of the *• Valuable Stock and Collection of Works of Art of the late John Clowes Grundy," of Manchester,* I find the names of the following engravers, who all have immortalised themselves in this work: Calametta, Garavaglia, E. Mandel, Raphael Morghen (two different plates — the small one is a very gem), Johann Gotthard Miilier (per- haps the most refined of all modern engravers, the worthy pupil of the great Wille), Perfetti, P. Pel<5e, Petersen, Schaeffer, Schuler, and Schia- vone. Herman Kindt. First Turk The Mukhbir, the first Turkish weekly newspaper in London, was begun in August of this year. It is * Well known a* an excellent connoisseur of works of art, and as the earliest friend of David Cox. The sale lasted from November 4th to the 23rd of the same month. edited by Suavi Effendi. It was first published in Constantinople, and suppressed. Hyde Clarke. Being called 32, St. George's Square, S.W. Scripture Baptismal Names. on to give private baptism last Sunday (third in Advent) to a child, I was struck with the names of child and mother ; and on inquiry found, with some personal interesting family history, that the mo- ther's family consisted of six sons, named respec- , Azariah, Ezra, and benjamin ; and six daughters, named Tamar, Abigail, Naomi, Tirzah, Unice, and Zippurah. I thought it worthy of a note in u N. & Q." George Lloyd. Darlington. tively Absalom, Barzillai, El IlEN At no groat dis- of Mr. J. M. tance from the communica Cowper and Dr. Rix, in pages 390 and 48G of your valuable miscellany, should appear the fol- lowing lines by Dr. King, 1591 — 1009 : — " Sic llta. " Like to the falling of a star, Or as the flights of eagles are; Or like the fresh spring's gaudy hue, Or silver drops of morning dew ; Or like the wind that chafes the flood ; Or bubbles which on water stood ; Ev'n such is man, whose borrow'd light Is straight call'd in, and paid to night. The wind blows out, the bubble dies; The spring entombed in autumn lies; The dew dries up ; the star U shot ; The flight is past — and man forgot." J. Manuel. Ncwcastle-on-Tvne. Baker's "History of Northamptonshire." This valuable but unfinished work has an index to arms and a general index to vol. i. only. In the Northampton Herald of Dec. 21 is an index, bv Sir Henry Dryden, Bart, of the pedigrees in both volumes. St. Neots. JosEPn Rix, M.D. Ourrirt. WILLIAM CAXTON. The interest felt in everything connected with Caxton and the introduction of printing to England, is perhaps more widely spread at the present time than at any former period ; and I therefore hope that the following data, all seen in the original by myself, will be fopnd interesting, as they form the foundation on which any correct account of Caxton must be built. The documents in full were published by me five years ago, although not in the con- secutive form here given. The publication last month of an imposing folio on u The History of the Art of Printing," by II. Noel Humphreys, in which Caxton is asrain dressed up in much of the 12 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4*8.1. Jan. 4, '68. outlandish costume provided for him 100 years ago by Bagford and his successors, and in which most of the following " facts " are ignored. 1411. 145:5. although the author quotes the very volume in which they appear, induces me to beg for them a greater publicity in the pages of " N. & Q." than they will otherwise receive. 1438. Caxton was bound apprentice to Robert Large : therefore the usual year ascribed to his birth (1412) must be erroneous. Legacy from Large to Caxton of twenty marks; the other and older apprentices receiving larger amounts. 141!>. Caxton at Bruges, and defendant in the trial of John Selle versus William Caxton. Caxton came from Bruges to London, to take up his livery in the Mercers' Company. Caxton fined for not attending the "riding" on Lord Mayor's day. 14G2. A letter from* Caxton at Bruges to the Mercers at London. Caxton appointed to the highest office a foreigne could hold at Bruges — "Governor of the Lnglish Nation.'' Tin's was the connecting link between Caxton and the Court of the Duke of Burgundy. A letter from the Mercers to Caxton at BruiAs, sent by special courier. Caxton appointed an ambassador by Edward IV. Letter from the Merchant Adventurers at London to Caxton at Bruges. Reply from Caxton to the Mercers, enclosing a letter he had received from the Earl of Warwick concerning trade regulations. This was the nobleman to whom the Chess-book was dedicated. Also a reply from the Mercers' Company, signed by J. Tate, probably the same who erected the first paper-mill in England. Caxton, with two others, is recommended by the Court of Mercers as a tit man to be sent by the King on a trade embassy. 14 03. 1 104. no; ). 1400. 1408. 1409. 1471. 1474. 1477. Caxton as arbitrator gives a judgment at Bruges. The translation of" Le Kecueil " completed. Caxton finishes the translation of the Chess-book. " Dictes and Sayingcs"; the first book connected with Caxton in which the date of printing is given. Will Mr. Humphreys kindly state why he changes the name of Caxtnn's master, Iiobert Large, to Robert Strange (six times repeated) r — why he makes Caxton a partner in the business, while he was yet an apprentice ? — why he says we know nothing of Caxton between* 1441 and 1404 ? — and finally, on what evidence he turns our printer out of the Almonry and sets him up in King Street, Westminster? Willi A3i Blades. 11, Abchurch Lane. u A Fl DELES.' ■ known tuguese hymn " tune used to be commonly con- sidered of Roman Catholic and Continental origin, but of late years divers editors have attributed it to John Reading, about whom they are not agreed. In the Congregational Psalmist, by Allon and Gauntlett, we read: " Heading, John, born in 1690, a pupil of Dr. Blow, or- ganist of St. John's, Hackney. St. Dunstan's. d-c.,died in 1766. Author of the 'Portuguese hymn,' which was first sung in Lincoln Cathedral. The Duke of Leeds, then director of the Concerts of Ancient Music, heard it at the Portuguese Chapel about 1785. Supposing it to be pecu- liar to the Portuguese service, he introduced it into the Concerts of the Society, under the title of Portuguese hvmn." In the Christian Knowledge Hymnal we are told that "The tune is by John Reading, organist of the Cathe- dral at Winchester 1675, who died 1692, and further, the Adeste Fideles was arranged by the late Vincent Novello for the Portuguese Chapel, of which he became organist* in 171*7, and hence it appears to have obtained the name of the Portuguese hymn." These statements are sufficiently discrepant, and I cannot attribute much authority to either, as both the books contain numerous historical errors. The question tune He would also be glad of similar in- lished, or where is the original to be found? During the examination of many hundred volumes of psalmody, I have not met with it before the end of the last century. If composed in the 17th century, where was it all the while? In the present state of the argument I have not ventured to name any composer in my Church of England Psalmody, but as I am now making a final revision of that work, I should be glad to be able to do so.* Henry Parr. Voxford Vicarage. Anglican Episcopate. — A Student would be thankful to be informed when, and where, Arch- bishop Cramner received deacon's and priest's orders. formation with regard to Merrick, Bishop of Ban- gor, 1559; Bentham, Bishop of Litchfield, 1559; Alley, Bishop of Exeter, 1559; Scambler, Bishop of Peterborough, 1560; Downhara, Bishop of Chester, 1501 ; and Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, 1550, and Worcester, 1552. Consistory Courts, etc — At what date were consistory courts first held in cathedrals ? At what date were fixed pulpits introduced into the naves of cathedrals? Edmund B. Ferrey. Cictndeljk. — As I was seated in front of a friend's villa close to the ruins of Velia, famed in Roman times for the mildness of its climate (Hor. Epist. I. xv. 1 ; Plutarch, Aimil. 89), I was sui> prised in the gloaming to see the whole landscape become suddenly lighted up with star-like points. On asking my friend how it was caused, he said, "These are little insects which we call 'luciole.'" They appear in the month of May, when I saw them, and again in August. I have no doubt that [• In " N. & Q." 3rd 8. vi. 61, Dr. Rimbault has given some account of three musicians of the name of John Reading, which may have occasioned the discrepancies in the notices of the author of "Adeste Fideles."— Ed.} 4«» S. I. Jax. 4, '68. J NOTES AND QUERIES. 13 they are the " cicindehe " of Plinv (xviiL 66, 4, ed. Lemaire) who thus speaks of them : " Atque etiam in eodein arvo est signum illius maturitati, et horuin sationi commune, lucentes vespere per arva cieindeke. Ita appellant rustici stellantes volatile, Graeci vero lampyridas, incredibili benig;- nitate naturae." No better expression than " stel- lantes volatus" could be selected to give the precise appearance, as they floated before the eye; and the benignity of nature was equally great as in the time of Pliny a. p. 23-79, for the whole air seemed to be replete with them. I tried to catch them, but their brightness at once disappeared, and I could make nothing of them. My friend, who was an entomologist, said that the bright light was given out from the abdomen, which was visi- ble as the wings moved, disappearing when they closed. It is curious, though I was afterwards in every part of Italy, that I never witnessed the same scene. Have any of your correspondents ever seen them in other parts of Italy? My friend said that they were also called "baticesola." What can this mean ? "Luciole" is plain enough. Can any one give the etymology of " baticesola'":' I have heard " cesendolo" applied to an oil lamp. This seems to have some connection with the other Craufurd Tait Ramaok. word. The Creei* and Lord's Prayer. — When did the custom commence of placing the Creed and Lord's Prayer in churches? What is the pro- bable date of the oldest example of this practice 'f Were these formularies usually inscribed in Latin or English ? I find that the Ten Commandments were tirst ordered, by Queen Elizabeth's adver- tisements, to bo set upon the east wall in the vear 16G4. W. II. S. Yaxley. Dryden Queries.— 1. What action is alluded to in these lines of Dryden in his poem addressed to Nathaniel Lee ? — 44 As his heroic worth struck envy dumb, Who took the Dutchman, and who cut the boom. »» Scott explains the lines as referring to an action of Sir Edward Spragge against the Algerines in the Mediterranean ; but as u the Dutchman " was the enemy, that explanation cannot be correct. 2. Can any of your correspondents fix the dates of the composition of Dryden's epitaphs on " Young Mr. Rogers of Gloucestershire," and on u Mrs. Margaret Paston of Burningham in Nor- folk," or the dates of the deaths of thd parties ? The Rogers's of Gloucestershire are of Dowdes- well in that county. 3. Is there any knowledge of the persons for whom Dryden's pastoral elegy "On the Death of Amyntas," and his poem " On the Death of a very young Gentleman," were intended? Can the dates of these poems be fixed ? CI1. Ealing School. — Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." point out where an account of the rise, progress, &c. of Ealing School, Dr. George Nicholas, may be found? and if any of Dr. Nicholas's sons are now living?* Mr. Charles Knight, the eminent publisher, we learn from the story of his life, was at one period a pupil. II. S. C. Glasgow. The article on Every Thing, Every Body. Grammar which Dr. Stoddart (afterwards Sir John Stoddart) wrote for the Encyclopedia Mttro- volitana is one of the best, if not the best, in our language, lie may therefore be taken as a good authority. On referring lo that article, it will be found that he never joined adjectives and sub- stantives together, as is sometimes done at the present time. For instance, he always used " every " as an adjective, thus: even/ thing, every body; but these words are now frequently joined Can anv of your readers inform me together, why ? N#*R. Fa us r us' Conjuring Book.— In Mr. Theodore Martin's Memoir of William Edmonddoune Ay- toun% pp. 40, 41, is a quotation from one of his lectures, in which he speaks of having examined when in Germany the conju ring-book of Dr. Faus- tus. When he saw it, the volume was preserved in the archives of the town of Aschaflenburg-on- the-Maine. Where shall I see any further infor- mation about this wonderful manuscript P K. P. I). E. Greyhound. — The etymology of this word is very doubtful. It is occasionally spelt grehowid or grei hound Mr. Shirley, in his work on Deer Park*, quotes (p. 100) : "A little before Lady Day, 1489, King Henry VII. roade into Wiltshire on hunting, and slew his gres [buck] in three places in that shire." — From Lclund, Collect., vol. iv. p. 243. One would like authority for this meaning of "gres," because, if it is correct, greyhound only means buck-hound. J. Wilkins, B.C.L. Bisnor Horke. — u The influence of the mathe- matical pursuits to which Bishop Home assigns the heterodox propensities of some Cambridge theologians." Where ? Cyril. IIurstmonceafx Tonus, &c. — The line tomb of Lord Dacre and his son 1537, in Hurstmonceaux Church, Sussex, is perfect on the south side, but on the north the stone has greatly decayed. I am told it was built of two materials, Caen stone and Sussex marble. I was too late in the day to observe accurately the structure, when I last [* George F. Nicholas, the doctor's eldest rector of Haddbcoe in 18C0. See " N. <fc Q.t" 105.] son, died 3«* S. xi. 14 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S. I. Jax. 4, '68. visited Hurstmonceaux. Perhaps some Sussex correspondent will explain the cause. The Fiennes brass is hardly safe in its position on the floor. A little more care is needed to preserve the present state of the castle, or ere Ion? the finest specimen of an English manor-house of its date will be lost. Tnos. E. Winnington. '"" Job's Disease. — A paper on this subject was read before the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh towards the end of the last century, and excited much criticism. Can any of your readers refer me to it ? Cyril. George Locket. — A rude ballad once existed in a broadside form commemorating the execution of George Lockey, of Gainford, in the county of Durham, who murdered a person called Barker in a solitary place near Easby Abbey. lie was hanged at Tyburn, near York, on Monday, March 23rd, 1789. I am anxious to see a copy of this. Some extracts from it are given in Walbran's Hist, of Gainford, p. 55. Corxub. Marriage License. — A man about to marry obtains a license, consisting of a piece of parchment or paper, which he hands to the officiating clergy- This is not returned to him, but is retained by the clergyman. What does he do with it? Is it returned to the Probate Court of the Diocese, or put into the waste-paper basket of the vestry- room ? If sent to the Court, is it registered, and rendered accessible ? If so, would it not be the quicker mode of ascertaining where a marriage took place, say, a hundred years since, than hunt- ing in the registers of divers parishes? W. 1\ Admiral Moulton. — Will any of your readers be good enough to inform me where I can find an account of this worthy of the 17th century — what his exploits were, and of what family of that name he was ? N. V. Rudee : Defameden : Bire. — What is the meaning of rudee, in the following passage ? — " Sothely no man sendith ynne a medlynge of rudee clothe in to an olde clothe." — Wvcliffe/ St. Matthew, ix. 10. man. and to Is rudee the same as ruddy; ana are we understand this ruddy in the sense of fresh, new ? We talk of a "fresh complexion," meaning a ruddy one ; and rode or ruddc, is " the complexion" itself. Are the ideas of redness and newness syno- nymous? If so, does this meaning of red come from the Anglo-Saxon dag-rcd=Aa.wn ? In verse 31 of the same chapter, defameden seems used in the general, not the bad, sense : " But thei goynge out, defameden hym thoru3 al that lond." In chap. viii. v. 32, we have another unusual word, bire= force : — " And thei goynge out wente in to the hoggis ; & loo ! in a greet bire al the droue wente heedlynge in to the see." In Sir Gaicayne and the Green Knight, we have " With alle J>e bur in his body he ber hit on lofte." 1. 2261. Again, in The Arcadia (edition 1629, p. C4) : "... while the terrible wit of Gynecia, carried with the Beere of violent love, runes through us all." Joiin Addis, Jxrs. Kustington, Littlehampton, Sussex. Silbury Hill. — As Silbury Hill has attracted some special notice of late, I enclose an extract from an old memorandum-book of my great uncle, dated 177G. It will of course only bo taken for what it is worth, but it mentions the fact of Sil- bury Hill having been opened in 1723, and some articles found there. Is there any record of the examination then made ? — From an old Memorandum Book of Mr. John Morgan of Tredegar, 1776. " Silbury Hill. — Cumdha, King, buried at Silbury. His body taken up in 1723, in March, near the surface at top of the hill, which is GO cubits in diameter. There was also a bridle-bit, some buck horns, and an iron knife with a bone handle taken up. Diameter of Silbury 100 ft. and 50u ft. at bottom. Exact perpendicular altitude, 100 cubits or 170 ft. ; the solid contents of Silbury Hill amount to 13,558,800 cubic feet. Supposed now to make such a hill would cost 20,000/." Octavius Morgan. The Friars, Newport, Monmouth. Sisyphus d nis Stone. — I have an indis- tinct recollection of two (I think) hexameter lines in one of the Latin poets, describing very graphic- ally, by the clever use of spondees and dactyls, the work of Sisyphus in Hades with his stone. I should be much obliged if you can give me the lines, and the name of the author. A. Smither. Three Eclipses — As calculated and drawn out by Shri Nat Veiaz, a Brahmin at Cambay, accord- ing to a Sanskrit MS. in the Fraser Collection, v. p. 37, Eraser's Nadir Shah. 1. What memorable events were celebrated on the festivals of the different eclipses, Sun or Moon, above referred to, and what particulars are given regarding the Hindu days of the week and month on which they fell ? 2. What account is given of the parentage of Shri Nat Veiaz of Cambay, and can he be iden- tified with Vyasa, the celebrated astronomer, who officiated at a sacrifice held at Harihara, in Western India, on an eclipse of the sun visible in Europe on April 7, a.d. 1521 ? 3. What date is affixed to the work ? Who was the ruling authority at the time in Gujrat, and what account is given of the chief to whom it is dedicated ? R. R. W. Ellis. Starcross, near Exeter. Wednesday. — Johnson derives this word from the Anglo-Saxon " Woden's-day," or Odin's day. Zalkind Hourwitz (who lived in the last century), a learned Jew and the author of ApoJogie des Juifs, 4* S. I. Jan. 4, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 15 La Polygraphie, &c. &c, in his work, Origine des Zangues, favours us with a different derivation. He says that Wednesday is from " Wedian," +n •wed, and that it means u wedding day." He to the same meaning. re- marks that in all the languages of the north, no deity is connected with the day. Thus, he says, in German it is mit-woch, t. e. u middle week " ; in the Russian and Sclavonic it is chroda, which has But the Swedish and Ice- landic are certainly northern tongues, and in them the names are Woensday and Wensday. (Vide Johnson.) Hourwitz would perhaps have argued that the Swedish and Icelandic names are derived from the same Saxon or Gothic root as tvoo, " to court, to make love." Hourwitz contends that our name is of Jewish origin. He quotes the Talmud, Cteboth, cap. i. to prove that the Hebrew name signifies " marriage-day,'' and that Wed- nesday is " especially set apart for the marriage of virgins." Perhaps some Talmudical scholar will favour " N. & Q." with a "note." Does the Catholic church consider Wednesday more appro- priate for marriages than other days ? I cannot remember any old Anglo-Saxon or Early English authority for a Woden's day." I know of course the .. Fine old ballad of Sir Patrick Spcn.%" as Coleridge calls it, and I am aware that there we have " Woden's day" ! But I am too good a balladist to rely on the authority of a modern- antique by Lady Wardlaw. I leave her " Woden's day " to keep company with her " skipper " and her u cork-heel shoon, " blood-red wine, &c. &c. St. Maurice, Valais. J. n. Dixon. teutvizi to it|) £ntftoer<. Sir Henry Cavendish's "Debates." — May I ask you kindly to inform me how many volumes of Sir Henry Cavendish's Debates of the House of Commons, 1768-1774, have appeared in print? I have a copy of vol. L, published in London in the year 184L Abhba. [Sir Henry Cavendish's Debate* of the Parliament which met on May 10, 1768, and was dissolved June 22, 1 774 — and which, from the strict enforcement of the stand- ing order of the House of Commons excluding strangers from the gallery, has been Parliament "- called "the Unreported were intended by the editor, Mr. Wright, to have formed four volumes ; and he promised to give an account ot the MS. notes in the preface to the last volume. It was published in parts, four of which were intended to form a volume ; but so little was the encouragement which the editor received, that only seven of these parts were published, and the work ter- minates abruptly at p. 480 of the second volume, in the middle of a speech of Mr. Sergeant Glynn, on May 27, 1771, on the motion for the committal of the Lord Mayor to the Tower. When the important period covered by these reports is considered — a period which embraces the whole of the Junius controversy, and the early stages of the dispute with our American Colonies— and that they contain upwards of 250 unpublished speeches of Mr. Burke, one almost wonders that some patriotic mem- ber of the Commons has not brought the propriety of securing their publication in a complete form before the House. It should be added, that Sir Henry Cavendish's Debates on the Bill for mailing more effectual Provision for the Govern- inent of the Province of Quebec were published under the editorship of Mr. Wright in 1839.] Merchant Taylors' Company. — Will some reader have the kindness to give the title of a work containing: the biography, &c. of the citizens, &c. of the company from the commencement or incorporation up to 1(>00 or thereabouts ? Glwysig. [We have never met with a separate history of the Merchant Taylors' Company ; but an extended account of it is tfiven in Herbert's History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies of London, ii. 383-529. There is much relating to the early history of this worshipful Company in Wilson's History of the Merchant Taylors' School, 4to, 1814; and a MS. List of the Livery of this Company is in the Corporation library at Guildhall. One worthy, said to be formerly connected with this fraternity must not be passed over, namely, Robert Fitzwalter, who left a gammon of bacon at Dunmow, as we are infor.ned in The Three Ancient and Curious Histories, print el in 1743, 4 to. This, however, must be left an open question, for this Society, originally styled " The Taylors and Linen Armourers," was incorporated by Edward IV., a.i>. 1466 ; whereas we find Dan Chaucer (oh. Oct. 25, 1 100) makes his Wife of Bath say, " The bacon was not fet for hem, I trowe, That some men have in Essex e at Donmowe." William Winstanley also published " The Honour of Merchant Taylors, wherein is set forth the valiant deeds and heroick performances of Merchant Taylors in former ages, &c. ; together with their pious acts and large bene- volences ; their building of publick structures, especially that of Blackwell Hall, for a market-place for the selling of woollen cloaths : Lond. 16G8, 4 to." Two interesting papers on this Company appeared in The City Press of Dec. 27, 18G2, and Jan. 31, 18G3.] Tom Paine\s Bones. — A distinguished physi- cian of New York, Dr. E. G. Ludlow — a success- ful and well-known practitioner of more than fifty years' service, and who is now iu Germany informed me that Tom Paine, author of The Age of Reason, died in New York, and was buried at West-Chester in that state. That some years after his death, some English friend had his re- mains removed to England, where it was intended a monument should be erected to him. The doctor states that the last he knew or heard about 16 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4<»>S. I. J ax. 4/68. 1 the matter was, that Paino's bones were left with Cobbett, and he thinks that they were with Cobbett when he died. Is this statement ^ true, and was any monument ever erected to Paine in England? J>r. Ludlow communicates many in- teresting particulars about Paine, with whom he was acquainted, and which have never appeared in print. W. W. Murphy. Frankfort-on-Main. [On the day after the decease of Thomas Paine, his body was removed, attended by seven persons, to New Rochelle, where he was interred upon his own farm. A stone was placed at the head of his grave, according to the direction in his will, bearing the following inscrip- tion : " Thomas Paine, author of Common Sense, died June 8th, 1800, aged seventy-two years and live months." In the year 1811) Cobbett disinterred his bones, and brought them to England ; but instead of arousing, as he expected, the enthusiasm of the republican party in this country, he only drew upon himself universal contempt. It appears that Cobbett left the bones of Paine in the hands of a committee, who intend to honour them with a public funeral at some future day. Paint's political admirers in America erected in 18311 a showy monument, with a medallion portrait, over his empty grave at New Rochelle.] Arms ok Canterbury. — Can anv of your readers explain why the city of Canterbury still retains on its arms the three Cornish choughs borne by Thomas u Becket on his escutcheon ? Hasted says they were adopted by Canterbury in honour of its once popular saint. I pon Bocket being "unsainted" bv Henry VIII. thev were ordered to be struck from the arms of the citv. At what time were they restored ? A. II. P. [Our correspondent should have given an authority for the statement that " Henry VIII. ordered Beckct's arms to be struck from the arms of the city." The arms of Canterbury are, Argent, three Cornish choughs proper, two and one ; on a chief, gules, a lion passant guardant, or. Hasted adds in a note, " It appears that this city formerly regarded St. Thomas Becket as its patron and tutelar saint, and therefore borrowed and retains at this clay a part of its arms from those borne by him, which were three Cornish choughs proper." — Hasted's Kent, edit. 1799, iv.i)99.J TnE Hundred Rolls. — In your number of Dec. 21 (p. 503), there is an allusion to the u Rotuli IIundredorum,v temp. Edward I. Would you kindly give me some account of these rolls ? Were they taken in each reign, and for each county ? Where are they to be seen P A Subscriber. Exeter. [The "Hundred Rolls " contain inquisitions taken in longing to the king or to others. From the returns cer- tain rolls were drawn up for the Court of Exchequer, containing a selection of u Extracts," which supply the deficiency of the lost original Inquisitions, as, for a few counties, no Hundred Rolls have been yet discovered. Th "Extracts" are now in the State Paper Office, Fetter Lane. The Hundred Rolls and Extracts have been printed by the Record Commissioners, aud entitled Rotuli Ilundredorum, temp. lien. III. et Edtc. I. in Tvrri Lond. et in Curia Recepta Scaccarii West, usservati" 2 vols, folio, 1812-1818. Sec Situs's Manual for the Genealogist, tfce. cd. 185C, p. 104.] W. M. Thackeray's Portrait. — In one of Thackeray's earlier novels, illustrated, I think, by himself, there was a vignette portrait of the author, which I have long searched for again in vain. I should be greatly obliged to any of your readers who could refer me to the edition, and the page where it may be found. C. \V. B. [This admirable vignette, "drawn to life," occurs in Thackeray's Vanity Fair, as the tail-piece to Chap. ix. p. 78, of the edition of 1818.] 2Xtvlit4. EOBANUS. (3rd S. xii. 435.) When S. S. S. says, " Of Eobanus I know little, and that not to his credit," I suppose he alludes to the great poet's having unfortunately been a votary to Bacchus as well as to the Muses. This was indeed a lamentable fact, but it was not that which caused his name to go down to posterity ; and one may perhaps be allowed to question whether it would be considered altogether fair, speaking of some other master-spirits of our day, in a no less enlightened country and in a more civilized age, who were equally addicted to this deplorable failing, such as It. 13. Sheridan or C. J. Fox, c tittti quanti, to say, u I know but little of them, and that not to their credit." I trow not. Eobanus, who from his love of poetry had pre- fixed the word Ilelius to his name, and added Hessus to it, from the land of his birth, was the son of poor people in the employ of the monastery of Heine in Ilessen, and born — some say under a tree — in January, 1448, at Beckendorf, a small locality belonging to the convent, where it was that he received, from the prior himself, the first rudiments of learning. Later he had the good fortune to become acquainted with the Arnold family, who had him brought up with their own son, and, when fourteen years of age, he travelled with this youth to Frankenberg, where the re- nowned Jacob Horlaus had established a school. pursuance of a commission appointed by 2 Edward I., to J This learned doctor soon discerned the high men- tal faculties of his pupil, and predicted— if he would make a good use of them — he would rise to survey all cities, boroughs, and market towns, and to inquire of all demesnes touching fees and tenements be- [ 4*8.1. Jan. 4, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 17 celebrity. Eobanus next went to study in Erfurt, and in his seventeenth year first gave out some Latin poems. lie was highly favoured by nature, well physically as mentally. Strong, tall, and handsome, he was very expert in riding, dancing, swimming, fencing, and all kinds of athletic exercises; but these accomplishments gave him, perhaps, too much youthful conceit, and he strove to excel in everything, even in undignified strug- gles— such, for instance, as contend against pre- lates and noblemen as to who should have the mastery in drinking ! Camerarius, his friend and future biographer, alluding to this, says, " I)e palma in isto genere cum Eobano contendere nemo volebat;" but he had many redeeming qualities. In 1518 he travelled to Louvain, in the Nether- lands, where that powerful genius Erasmus was then residing. At first but coldly received by him, he was, however, soon duly appreciated, and they often interchanged letters. Eobanus likewise kept up an active correspondence with such men as Luther, Melanchthon,Spalatin,Sabin, and other celebrated doctors, such as Justus Jonas, Joh. Draco, Joach. Camerarius, Jac. Micyllus, and the learned physician (Jeo. Sturz. That of itself >hows his sterling. worth. Eobanus was one of the first who frankly and openly advocated Lu- ther's doctrines of Reformation, and he inspired his numerous scholars and friends with the same feelings. When, in 1521, Charles V. summoned the Monk of AVittemberg to appeal- before him at the Diet of Worms, Eobanus sallied forth from Erfurt, with many other men of note, on horse- back and on foot, to meet Luther, lie welcomed him in a heartfelt harangue, and all escorted him to the Imperial City. Eobanus, who was married to Katherine Spat- tarin, and had several children, seeing that he could not gain the livelihood of so many persons by his poetry alone, at first thought of following the law, which he had studied formerly ; but by the advice of his worthy friend Sturz, who had given him instruction in his art, he turned his mind seriou.sly towards medical pursuits, but more in writings than by practice. In 152G Melanchthon induced him to come to Nuremberg, there to give lectures on oratory and poetry in the newly- esta- blished Gymnasium, which he the more willingly accepted, that his friend Camerarius likewise got a situation there. In this city of learning, where, under the protection of wise laws, every respect- able citizen could live in peace and quietness, and the followers of Reform were left unmolested, Eobanus wrote a poem setting forth these inva- luable advantages, for which the Council ga in Nuremberg. During his Joh. Mylius, and Wenceslaus Link, the eloquent preacher and friend of Luther. His love for the arU brought him likewise in frequent contact with the immortal Albert Diirer ; and his bosom friend Camerarius rendered him great service, more es- pecially in his translation of Theocritus in Latin verses. This work would perhaps never have been completed had not his friend unceasingly stimulated him, as Eobanus could not keep long to the same study. He thus spent six happy years absence from Erfurt, which had been much felt, the University had gone down a good deal, and his friends, trusting in him to give it its former reputation again, strove hard to entice him back, which he, though re- luetantly, acceded to. But alas ! what a falling: off was there! Not only had the lustre of the University vanished, but the whole community was unhinged; a deadly religious and political strife broke out soon after his arrival, and he with his family, as well as many citizens, were obliged to flee. Thus baffled in Lis hopes and wishes, and wholly discouraged, Eobanus wrote many let- tors in which the bitterness of his soul gave vent. Erasmus answered him that what he complained of was perhaps not so much caused by the ill-will of those who governed as by the hand of a higher and All-mighty power, by way of punishment; that instead of lamentations he would do better, through bis writings, to stimulate in the students the former love of learning, and that the evil would vanish. this good ad- Kobanus followed vice, and buckled to in good earnest. An excellent work of his appeared — the Translation of David's Psalms appeared— which he dedicated to the Landgraf Philip of 1 lessen, and for which he received congratulatory letters from Luther, Melanchthon, Jonas, Spalatin, and others. These letters have been printed in the Leipsic edition of 1504. The Landgraf, equally pleased with the work, gave Kobauus a lucrative and agreeable situation in the University of Marburg, frequently invited him to his table, played chess with him, and derived much pleasure and instruction from his commu- nion with so learned a man. Eobanus thus lived happily in the midst of a numerous family, in easy circumstances, beloved and esteemed by all who knew him ; seconding, to the best of his ability, the strenuous and successful efforts of Philip of I lessen towards Reformation. In 1GJ57 he took part in the celebrated meeting of Protestant princes and theologians at Schmalkalden, the ar- ticles of which were written by Luther. He spent the remainder of his life peaceably, and would have been free from care had he not suf- him 78 gold gilders, a handsome sum in those j fered much from the gout, which carried him off " The Landgraf, who sons at Court, and recom- niirtl days. mission to the first houses, and he was in daily and most pleasing intercourse with Hieron. Paum- gartner. Bilibald Pirkhaimer. the learned lawyer on the oth October, 1540. loved him, took his mended the widow and her daughters to his spouse. Among the many writings of Eobanus 18 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S. I. Jan. 4, !68. the best are his Translation of the Psalms, that of Theocritus, and Homer's Iliad. His Latin Ele- gies are worthy of the best Latin age. His Sylvas, his Bucolics, are highly esteemed ; also his Hessi et amicornm Epistolce, and the treatise mentioned by S. S. S., De tuendd bond Valetudine. In the Bibliotheque de David Clement are to be found copious extracts of many of Eobanus's works, some of which have become very scarce. '•Qui fuerit vati vultus, dum viveret, Hcsso, Expressit tabulis in^eniosa man us. Magnum opus ingenij magno celcbratur in orbe : Quo melius mentem pingere nemo potest." My wish to vindicate the memory and reputation of Eobanus Ilessus has made me more prolix than I at first thought for. P. A. L. WRITING KNOWN TO PINDAR: A [HOMERIC SOCIETY SUGGESTED. ( Orel S. xii. 307, 510.) Lord Wellington's silence regarding the word " telegram is not analogous to Pindar's me of \iytiv and ypatpfiv. Mr. Wilkins's quotation from Herodotus (v. 68) is too brief to show the absurd credulity of Herodotus regarding the art of writing, and the story there connected with it. We must take in, at a general view, what Herodotus^ says in v. 55-59. He says there that Aristogiton and Harmodius were by extraction Gepbyneans, and. that the Gephyricans were u of the number of those Phoenicians who came with Cadmus to the country now called Bceotia. historian observes : V And the credulous " 1 myself have seen in the temple of Ismenian Apollo at Thebes, in Bceotia, Cadmean letters engraved on cer- tain tripods, fur the most part resembling the Ionian ( !). One of the tripods has this inscription: 4 Amphitryon dedicated me on his return from the Teleboans,' " Does Mr. Wilkins suppose that a Greek who flourished B.C. 443 could read the Phoenician characters introduced by Cadmus ? Mr. Wilkins adds,* that "Herodotus is not prophesying, but speaking of things within his own actual knowledge " ! Mr. Wilkins subsequently observes that he "prefers the words of a contemporary historian to the conjectures of the modern critic." It is simply impossible that Herodotus could have been the contemporary of " times antecedent to Pindar, or b.c. 490," since Mr. Wilkins admits that " Herodotus was born b.c 484." Mr. Wilkins concludes by saying, that " Homer certainly [?] (Iliad, i. 1(38) shows that in his time the Greeks wrote on folding wooden tablets." The line in question says only this : u while I, having one small and agreeable [prize] come to the ships, when I am wearied with fighting." This reference is evidently a mistake of some kind; but Mr. Wilkins's word u certainly" puta correction out of the question. If Mr. Wilkins had read Mr. Paley's Intro- duction, he would have seen (pp. xviii. and xix.) that there are more arguments against Pindar's knowledge of reading and writing than his use of \iy*or and ypa<ptiv. Mr. Wilkins's communication leads me to tell you that, since my last letter, it has been suggested to me by an old Homeric student — who is a learned, candid, and very intelligent man that the way to obtain any comprehensive and satisfactory information regarding the Homeric question, is by forming a Homeric Society, with a periodical publication, specially or chiefly de- voted to the promotion of its particular object; exactly similar to the late Shakespere Society, and to the Classical Societies in every university of Germany. If a Homeric Society told the students of Homer the new arguments and views on the subject each This is But it is )Tear, such a society would be of use. taking tho lowest view of the matter, self-evident that a Homeric Society, properly organised, could achieve a great deal more. Thos. L'Ebtrange. C, Chichester Street, Belfast. Dances mentioned in Selden's "Table-Talk" (3rd S. xii. 477.) all the dances Mrs. Gatty has not italicised ntioued by Selden in the passage she has quoted. " First/' says he, "you had tho grave Measures." Measures were indeed " solemn" dances, in our usual acceptation of the word. They were more fit for lord chancellors, judges, and for solemn aspirants to those dignities, to " tread/' with stately dames, drawing long trains behind them, than for the u light heels and giddy pates" of Charles II.'s courtiers and favourites. The correct mode of inviting a partner was to " have the honour of treading" a Measure, not to " dance " one. It was the stately opening move- ment to a ball. An Elizabethan writer (Sir John Davies) says in his poem, Orchestra, of this dance : " Yet all the feet whereon these Measures go, Are only spondees— solemn, grave, and slow." Corants or Corantos were in country-dance time, but more for vertical than for horizontal skipping : " There they did dance As in France ; Not in the English lofty manner." Trenchmore, the Cushion Dance, and the Gallj- ard will be found described (so far as I could obtain materials) in Popular Music of the Olden Time, with their tunes. For the Galliard} the index of " Subjects" should be referred to, as well as the index of " Tunes." The " omnium gatherum, 4th S. I. Jax. 4, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 19 tolly polly, hoite come toite," are but Selden's ofcontemnt. Wm. CHAPPBLL. expressions dance more will be found at page 82 ot Chappeil a Old English Mtisic. The Cushion Dance is described in Playford's Dancing Master ; and the account is extracted and given at paire 215 of Mr. John let king for Everybody, or a Gar- Ltdiaed. land for the Year, Naval find the Songs (3rd he S. J. L. will xii. 461.) - about in Captain It is there called »» song ne enquires Marry at's novel Poor Jack. " Spanish Ladies/' and is supposed to be sung by a Greenwich pensioner. I am only quoting from memory, but 1 believe the lines run thus : " Farewell and adieu to you, Spanish ladies ! Farewell and adieu to you, ladies of Spain ! For we have received orders for to sail for Old England, But we hope that we shortly shall see you again. " Well rant and we'll roar across the salt ocean, We'll rant and we'll roar across the salt seas, I "nt il we strike soundings in the channel of Old England, From Ufehant to Scilly is thirteen degrees. Whether this is a genuine sea-song, or a clever imitation of one by Captain Marry at, I cannot say. He allowed no ranting and roaring on board his own ship, he being a very good and very strict officer. Mr. Midshipman Easy would have had very little scope for his pranks under the command of such a captain. Poor Jack is a capital novel, and the illustrations, by Clarkson Stanfield, are very beautiful. C. W. Barklet. J. L. will find the song for which he enquires in Captain Marry at'a novel of Poor Jack. Also, another version (slightly differing), and with the tune, in Popular Music of the Olden Time, ii. 737. I believe the first publication was in my early collection, entitled National English Airs (printed in 1&J8, 39, 40). Lord Vernon had then favoured me with a copy of the tune, and with the first verse, only, of the words. Three complete copies of the words were subsequently collected for me, from different sources, through the kind instru- mentality of my friends W. Durrant Cooper, Esq., F.S. A.; W. Sandys, Esq., F. S. A. ; and T. Oliphant, Esq. These versions differed as much as old songs, collected from tradition, usually differ. For instance, one commenced with the line — 44 Now farewell to you, ye fine Spanish ladies,*' another with 44 Farewell and adieu to you, Spanish ladies.'' Here alone was enough variation to baffle an index. From these three, and from Captain Mar- ryat's version, I chose the copy I have printed, sometimes guided in the selection by the accents of the tune. Wm. Chappell. "Ultima Ratio Regtjm" (3rd S. xii. 43G.)— Louis XIV. perhaps took hie motto from Cal- deron, whose En esta Vida todo es Verdad y todo Mentira must have been familiar to a court in which Spanish literature held the first place. Corneille made this play the basis of his Htraclins, condensing the fustian into rhetoric, and eliminat- ing the poetry. The Emperor Phocas while on a visit to Cinthia, Queen of Trinacria, is required by an envoy to rive up the empire to Federico, Grand Duke of Calabria, who claims to be the lawful heir. Phocas cuts the envoy's speech short by an aorupt retusai, ana says 44 1 Pues que' aguardas ? I Ta no llevas la respuesta ? 44 Federico. Que sepas que en la campaua, Ultima razon de Keyes Son la prflvora y las balas." Jam. ii. t i. p. 51)4, ed. Keil. I cannot trace the thought farther back, but susnect that it was a proverbial phrase in Calde- ron s time. He cared little for such an anachronism as powder and ball under Phocas, but he would not deliberately have given them to the Duke of Calabria when the Queen of Trinacria's soldiers have only bows and arrows. On her ordering them to search for some fugitives, Ismenia says : 44 Y todas procuraremos, Puea todas arcos v flechas Manejamos, en su busco Ser, Seuora las prixneras." Jorn. i. p. 570. H. B. C. an U. U. Club. An Etching Query (3rd S. xii 34< amateur wood-engraver and a professional en- graver on steel and copper, and consequently well versed in the nature of grounds upon wood and the two metals just mentioned, I think it doubtful whether F. M. S. will ever meet with an ink which will prove satisfactory in its results upon such a tender thing as an etching- ground upon copper or steel. If, however, F. M. S. will read a paper written by myself, and printed in No. 392 of All the Year Round, under the title of "Engraved on Steel," I thing F. M. S. will there see how, by a very simple process of tracing and burnishing, he may procure a beautiful transfer of the most delicate lines upon an etching-ground, and that without having recourse to the rolling press. Edwin Koffe. The Silent 431 In France you not unfrequently meet with signs over inn-doors representing a woman without^ a head, and with the inscription beneath, " A la bonne femme; because, having no head, it is supposed she can do no mischief. This, I fancy, is likewise the meaning of The Silent Woman at Chelmsford. P. A. L. Louis XIV. and Chevalier dIshington (3rd S. ix. 409.) — I have to apologise for this late notice of J. M.'s query. The elder sons of the last 20 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4th S. I. Jan. 4,f68. proprietor of Ardross, Fife, were supposed to have o-one to London in the train of James VI. of Scot- land when the family estates were sold. The chevalier may have been descended from one of them. A younger son had previously gone to Orkney, of which and Zetland he became sheriff and commissary under Earl Robert Stewart, and afterwards under his son Earl Patrick. The male line of this branch will die with my informant, Mr. Dishington. corn-merchant, Leith. Setii W " Aggas's Map of London, 1500 (3rd S. xii. 504.) I fear that I put my query respecting this map somewhat ambiguously. I am aware that there is a copy of the original map in the wonderfully fine London collection at the City Library, Guild- hall, but my query referred to the locality of the Sloane copy of it. It must be a map of the most extraordinary rarity, and I believe that Mr. E. W. Ashbee has resolved to produce a lithogra- phic facsimile of it. A more valuable contri- bution to London topography can hardly be imagined. I low well do I recall the pleasant conversations with my late dear friend, Mr. Fair- holt, on this and other London maps; and his continual expression of regret that there was so little encouragement for the production of a con- templated work on the subject. J. 0. Halliwell. There are two, if not three, original copies of this map in existence: one in the Guildhall Library ; one in the Pepysian Collection in Mag- dalen College, Cambridge ; and one stated to be in the Library, Lambeth Palace. The size is G ft. 3 in. x 2 ft. 4 in., on six sheets and two half- sheets. A facsimile was executed, in 1748, by Geo. Vertue on six sheets for the Society of Antiquaries. These copies are frequently to be met with. T. il. W. Execution of Louis XVI. (3rd S. xi. 521.) The following anecdote may not be uninteresting to some readers. I had read on the morning of a day that I dined with Prince Talleyrand, an article in the Quarterly Review which was supposed to have been written by Mr. Croker. I forget what it was, but the subject was the French llevolu- tion ; and there were details of the execution on the Place, called, at different times, Louis Quinze, de la Involution, and de la Concorde. Prince Talleyrand lived in a house at the corner of this Place, out of the Hue St. Florentin, and the room in which he received his guests had a balcony looking over it. It was one of the long days of summer, and, with Mr. Croker's article in my head, I, after dinner, asked the prince in what part of the place the guillotine was placed, think- ing, as I believe most people do, that it was in the centre. The prince said " No," and, hobbling into the balcony, pointed out its situation, half way be- tween the present obelisk and the wide entrance to the garden of the Tuileries, which I understood him did not exist at that period. IIowden. Latten or Broxze (3rd S. xii. 301.) — Musical hand-bells, as used by members of campano- logical bands, are made of a compound metal called fatten. It is a mixture of copper and tin, and therefore bronze. House-bells are likewise made of latten. The proportion of the constituents for the former bells is 10 parts by weight of copper, with 3} of tin: and for the latter, 10 of copper with 4 of tin. TnoMAS Walesby. Golden Square. Letters of Gottlieb Schick (3rd S. xii. 495.) The punctuation of lines 14-20 of the second column perverts the sense. Please to read: — " Joseph Koch, the German painter, whose works/' says Friedrich von Schlegel, l in his best time, are the most remarkable in the entire cycle of modern German art, from the deep feeling concentrated in them, and the luxuriant richness of nature which the two Schlegels Ludwig they represent' Tieck and his gifted brother Friedrich the sculp- tor;' &c. H. K. Spanish Dollars (3rd S. ix. 3G8, 400.) II. W. D. rightly says — " Your correspondent has committed an error in this couplet, which spoils the sense"; but I would beg to add, that both have spoiled the sense of justice. Although poor George III. was long blind and insane, he was no fool ; no more was Charles III. of Spain an ass : and, to speak but of the latter, methinks the following will prove it : — He first of all reigned over Parma, which he inherited from his mother Elizabeth Farnese, in 1731. His father Philip V. having ceded to him the Two Sicilies in 1734, he remained, after beat- ing, the Imperialists at Bitonto in 1735, undis- puted king under the name of Charles VI. ; and, for the space of twenty-eight jrears, governed these states with mildness and wisdom. In 1759 he succeeded his brother Ferdinand VI. on the throne of Spain. " In 17G1 took place the Pacte de famillc, between him and Louis XV., which guaranteed the rights of the House of Bourbon, lie wa3 not fortunate, certainly, in the first war waged by France and Spain against England in 1702; but in the second (1778) he captured Mahon, and got Louisiana ceded to him. He knew well to choose his ministers, and always governed with judgment and justice. His con- stant efforts tended towards the amelioration of the state of Spain. To him is due the Canal of Tudela, good highroads, the Custom House and Post Office at Madrid, the Museum of National History, the Botanical Garden, the Academy of Painting, and the Hospital. He likewise abolished, for a time, bull-fights — was very much beloved, and his memory venerated. P. A. L. 4* S. I. Jan. 4, '68.] NOTES AXD QUERIES 21 The Champion Whip' (3rd S. xii. 413.) from the Jockey Club following extract refers to it : — The rules 44 The whip may be challenged for on the Monday or Tuesday in the tirst spring, or on Monday and Tuesday in the second October meeting in each year; and the ac- ceptance must be signified, or the whip resigned before the end of the same meeting. If challenged for and accepted in the spring, to be run for on the Tuesday in the second October meeting following: and if in the October, on the Thursday in the first spring meeting fol- lowing. Beacon Course, to stake 200 sovs. each, play or pay ; weight, 10 st." To the best of my recollection Mr. Chaplin, owner of Hermit, the Derby winner, challenged in the spring, and now holds the whip with his horse Iiama, as the Marquis of Hastings, who held it with Lecturer, refused to run. J. Wilkixs, B.C.L. Medical Query (3rd S. xii. 347.) — If Mr. Crawley were to go to the next horse-fair, and by the light of his own unassisted judgment buy a horse " tied up to the rail," from u a coper," he would most probably buy a " shotten piper," t. e. a broken-winded horse, whose infirmity was for a time concealed by a liberal dose of shot and tal- low. I believe the arsenic contained in the shot is the efficient cause. At any rate, arsenic is good for the wind of horses or dogs, and, possibly, in- digestion in man. I occasionally run greyhounds, and always finish off their training by giving them, during the last fortnight, a daily dose of ten drops of liq. potass, arsenltis, or " Fowler's solution," which contains \ grain of arsenic in the tiuid drachm. J. Wilkins, B.C.L. British Museum Duplicates (3rd S. xii. 342.) This note reminds me of some of my old experi- ences at the British Museum Heading Itoom. I had occasion, nearly thirty years ago, to study pretty closely the Complutensian Polyglott : the copy which was brought me was already stamped i ' Duplicate," — lust I think, as I had seen books marked which have been sold from the library. In case of dishonesty, the book was already marked as if it had been disposed of. I wished to obtain a copy for myself of the Complutensian Polyglott; and seeing this stamp, I made inquiry if it were for sale. I was told that it was ordered to be retained, after it had been marked to be sold. Soon after this, I obtained a good copy at a sale, which still holds a conspicuous place in my study ; so that I have had no occasion to inquire for the Museum duplicate, which I hope (in spite of the stamp on it) is still in its location. It was bound in old red morocco, with the royal arms on the sides ; such as they became from the union with Scotland in 1707, until that with Ireland in 1801, — that is, with the first quarter party per pale England and Scotland. L.elifs. Most probably Sir T. Wesxington mistook T for F, and the book belonged to Francis Hargrave, the great lawyer, whose library of books mid MSS. was bought by the Museum. He was Lord Thurlow's li devil"; and upon seeing the pair in the Chancellor's coach, Jekyll the wit said: u There go the lion and his provider." J. WlLKINS, B.C.L. Prophecy of Louis-Philippe (3rd S. ix. 430.) Is Brightlixo very certain that " On tbat same day, in 1820, the Duke of Orleans went to congratulate the Duchess of Berri on the birth of a son, who might one day be King of France " ? I always understood that the Duke of Orleans, on the contrary, formally protested at the time, in the hands of Louis XVlIL, against the recog- nition of V Enfant <la Miracle. P. A. L. James Keir, F.R.S. (3rd S. xii. 413.) — Some details of the life and works of this eminent man of science of the last centurv — the friend of Boulton, Watt, Murdock, Priestley, Darwin, and others, who made Birmingham so famous a cen- tury ago — are now being published in the " Local Notes and Queries" of the Birmingham Journal, copies of which shall be sent if your querist will send you his address. Este. ifluSccII.-inrmitf. NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey. B\j Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, D.D., Dean of Westminster. (Murray.) Dr. Stanley signalised his occupation of the Deanery of ( anterburv by a very pleasing and instructive history of the magniiicent cathedral of that city. Having happily been transferred to Westminster, he has done the same good service to the " Royal and National Sanctuary " entrusted to his charge : and as Westminster must hold far higher rank than Canterbury in historical importance, so will the work before us, in which the Dean has en- deavoured, and very successfully, to give us " The His- tory of England in'Westmiustcr Abbey," greatly exceed in interest and information the Canterbury volume. The Dean has shown considerable judgment in the manner in which he has contrived to treat harmoniously the various, and in some respects discordant, materials with which he has had to deal. From the foundation of the Abbey, its legendary traditions, and the motives and character of the Confessor, he proceeds to consider his death, from which sprang the coronation of William the Conqueror, which carries with it the coronations of all our sovereigns. The third chapter is devoted to the tombs of the kings; and their connection with the struc- ture of the church is so intimate, that the Dean here introduces such notices of the architectural changes as are compatible with the object of his book. From the burials of the kings, follow naturally the burials of their more or less illustrious subjects; and the work is wound up by a notice of the events and personages (chiefly ecclesiastical) that have figured within the Precincts before and since the Reformation. It would seem diffi- 22 NOTES AND QUEKIES. [4* S. I. Jan. 4, '68. cult to imagine anything which could add to the interest of a meditative stroll through the glories of St. Peter's, Westminster ; but a preliminary reading of Dean Stan- ley's Memorial* will undoubtedly tit us to turn to still more profitable account the thoughts and reflections which must arise in our minds as we tread these solemn aisles, and think of the mighty dead by whose monuments we are surrounded. Curiosities of London, exhibiting the most rare and re- markable Objects of Interest in the Metropolis, with nearly Sixty Years1 Personal Recollections. By John Timbs, ¥.>.A. A new Edition, corrected and enlarged. (Longmans.) The twelve years which have elapsed since Mr. Timbs first presented his Curiosities of London to the public have not effected greater changes in the metropolis itself than in the volume which our author has dedicated to its history. It was then a squat closely-printed duodecimo; it is now a goodly neatly-printed octavo of nearly nine hundred pages. Nor is the change confined to its size. It is enlarged as well as improved. And we think it would be hard to find a London building or locality of which the chief points of historical interest are not pleasantly related in Mr. Timbs' very useful volume. Sussex Archaeological Collections. Vols, XVIII. and XIX. (Bacon, I^ewes.) The publications of this Society continue to possess general as well as local interest. That it has adopted a paid editor is only in the ordinary course of events, when the older members, like Mr. Hlaauw, are obliged to withdraw from active participation in the volumes; but the two noticed above do credit to the members. They continue to give the results of more recent discoveries, as well as original documents extraeted from the ample resources placed at the disposal of literary men by the Master of the Rolls, and from other MS. collections. Jack Cade's rising; the route of Charles II. in 1G51; the notice of flint implements; the Royalist composi- tion papers, and the early notices of IJosham, are of importance beyond the county. The authentic notices of Jack Cade and his followers, for the first time printed, give direct contradiction to the popular opinion as to that rebellion. Cade was not deserted bv his followers, ob- taining their pardons without his knowledge; and the participation in the movement by the Abbot of Battle, the Prior of Lewes, and many of the principal families in East Sussex, shows that it was not a mere revolt of un- educated men. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, and elseichere in England, arranged and catalogued by J. S. Brewer, M.A. Vol. III., Parts I. ami II. (Longmans.) When we announce that this new volume of Mr. Brewer's Calendar contains in its two parts upwards of two thousand pages, that it comprises the papers relating to the years 1519-1523, and that Mr. Brewer's introduc- tory view of the history which they illustrate extends over upwards of four hundred pages, it will be seen that we can do no more than recommend the book to the attention of all students of the period of our history to which it relates. Books Received. The Journal of Sacred Literature, No. IV. Fifth Series. (Williams & Norgate.) We regret to find that this Journal, which has for twenty years, without regard to party, appealed to the patient, the learned, and the thoughtful, is about to cease ; and many of those who read the article on " The Talmud " in the number before us, an article adopting very different views from those of The Quarterly, will share our regret. Talking of The Quarterly reminds us to brin°* under the notice of our readers The Quarterly Review, Nos. 241, 242, forming the General Index to Vols. CI. to CXX. inclusive. The value of a set of The Quarterly is greatly diminished when it wants the Indices ; and these, if not secured at once, are sometimes difficult to meet with. More about Junius. The Franciscan Theory unsound. Reprinted from " Frasers Magazine,9' with Additions by A. Hayward, Q.C. (Longmans.) If a perusal of Mr. Parke's Life of Francis has left upon the minds of any of its readers an impression that Sir Philip was Junius, Mr. Hay ward's arguments will, we think, thoroughly remove it." This enlarged reprint of the article in Eraser's Magazine is a valuable addition to the long list of essays on Junius. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. Particular* of price, Ac, of the following B >ok to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom it if required, whoae names and address are given for that purpose: — SriKiT or the Purlic J>urnal« for 1805. Vol. IX. London, 1806. A Lbitkr to thk Duke or Grafton, on tub pusabmt rou no* or Arr«iKs. Almon, I76H. The Wk,.; a Poem, by the Author of Junius. London, lg?S. Collection of all thk Remarkarle and Personal Paabaub* in Tea BmITON, Nohtii Hit I >, asd Auditor. 1766. GbmKRAL CoCKIURM'ft DISSERTATION ON HaNNIIAL'i P ASS A OK OYER thi Alm. (Privately priu ted). Dublin. IHI5. The Hibernian Mauasinr tor 1771, 1772, 1773. TMi r I *>* DON Mu»BUM or PoLITICi, MISCELLANIES, AND LITERATURE. 4 Vol*. Svo- 17HO. 1770. Wanted by William J. Thorns, Esq.. 40. St. George's Square, BclgraveRoad.S.W. G ansa's Antiquities. Vol. VI. Large 8vo, published by Hooper. Wanted 6y Mr. II. T. Cooke <r Son, Bookseller, Warwick. Rev. E. Forstrr's Translation o? the Thousand and O.tb Nishts. ("Arabian Nights' Entertainment*"). Wanted by Mr. O. W. if. Reynold*, 41, Woburn Square. fiaticti ta CarreipouttntW. Am/ntft other articles of interest which will appear in early number* of" N. la Q." are— Society of Bibliographers; Scottish Pronunciation of Latin; Samuel Patterson and hit Universal Catalogue; Lawrcus Beyerlinck: Die Handwriting of Junius, <t<*. Caleb. We hud hoped tfuit bu thin time it was generally known, that there is no charge J or inserting Queries. Family Queries. We have again to explain that all Queries respect- ing persons or families not of 'general interest, must be subscribed by the, name and witfitfie address of the Querist, so that the information sought fur mag be sent to him direct. To Our Correspondents generally we would suggest — 1. That Contributors *knul I append their names ami addresses, 1. That when writing anonymously they should give the same informa- tion to the Editor. 3. That Quotations be certified by precise reference* to edition, chapter, or page ; and references to *' N. ft Q.** by series, volume, and page. i. Write clearly and distinctly, more p*irticularlu proper names, and on one side of the paper. We cannot umlertake, to puzzle out what a Correspondent does nut think worth Uie trouble of writing distinctly. i Iarpra. A Jane is a small coin of G*noa, or J anna ; supposed to be the same as the galley halfpence mentioned by i Stowe. See Nares*s Gloatary. J. Manuel. We fear that the subject of baptism in Scotland by a lay- man may lead to a long discussion. Errata 3rd S. xii. p. 501, col. i. line 24, for" De la Le" read u De laSe;" col. ii. lines 17 and 18. for" Keevesly " read •• Recresby." A Reading Caae for holding the weekly Nos. of MN. ft (J,." ia now ready, and maybe had of all Booksellers and Ne wsmen, price \s.Sd\\ or, free by post, direct from the publisher, for Is. Sd. ••• Cases for binding the volumes of ** N. ft Q." may be had of the Publisher, and of all Booksellers and Newsmen. MNoTRi and Queries'* ts published at noon on Friday, and is also issuer/ in Monthly Parts. The Subscription for Stamped Copies /br six Months forwarded direct from the Publisher (including tlte Half- yearly Index) is lis. Ad., which may be paid by Post Office Orilers payable at the Strand Post Office. is\ favour of William O. Smith, 43, Wellington 8trket. Strand, W.C., where also all Communications por the Editor should be addressed. ••Notes ft Queries" is registered for transmission abroad. \ 4* S.I. Jak.11,'68.] NOTES AND QUERIES 23 LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 11, 1868 CONTESTS.— N« 2. NOTES : — Universal Catalogue, Ac, 23 — The Ancient Scot- tish Pronunciation of Latin, 24— 'The Brid'/e of Sighs, 25 -Society of Bibliographer*, 26— Whitney family — Sir R. Tresilian — Sir John Maxwell, of Southbar, Poet — The Nile — Sewing Machines Sixty Years ago — Major Salwey — Derivation of England — At her ton : Archdea- conry of Totncs — Jannock, 26. QUERIES : — Vandyke's Portrait of Sir R. Ayton — Dice — Festus — "Sir Pon" — Potheringay Castle — Letter of Lord Galway — Ged's Stereotypes— German Architecture — I, Ego — Imperator — Jeremy — Abraham Kick — No Love Lost — Paniot — Quotations — Pershore, its Etymo- logy — Resristrura Sacrum Americanum — Royal and Noble Gamesters— Scottish Local Histories— Shakspeare : Shylock — Soldrup — ** Solvitur Ambulando M — Suborders in the English Church — Thomas Family — King Zohrab, 28. Queries with Ahbwbrs: —Lines by Sir John Phil ipott — Setebos and Walleechu — Forrester's Litany — Anony- mous— Machanes,31. REPLIES : — 8ir Thomas Chaloner, 33 — Spanish Armada : " Zabras," Ac, 34 — Thud, lb. — Hour-Glasses in Pulpits 35 — Junius: Sir Philip Francis, 36 — Sir Richard Phil- lips, 37 — Gibb Baronetcy— What becomes of Parish Re- gisters? — Cuddy — Beauty Unfortunate — Family of Napoleon — Use of the Word " Party " — Her — Longevity of Lawyers — Mathew Family — Dr. Wolcot — Tom Paine — Sir James Wood's Regiment — Marriage of Women .to Men — Homeric Traditions— "Comparisons are Odious " — Brush or Pencil — Religious Sects — St. Osbern — Heraldic Queries, Ac.— Venice in 184S.4J— Arms of Found- ling Hospital— William Bridge— Gibbon's HDuse at Lau- sanne — Bloody, Ac, 37. Notes on Books Ac. fiatti. UNIVERSAL CATALOGUE: SAMUEL PATERSON, BOOK AUCTIONEER, LONDON. The announcement that there is shortly to ap- pear weekly, through the medium of " N. & Q.M the publication of a Universal Art Catalogue, must have afforded to a numerous body of readers great satisfaction. No doubt such an undertak- ing will be attended with much labour and great anxiety to all parties concerned. But then, with a cordial co-operation the attempt to eventually accomplish a Universal Catalogue may be crowned with success. Upon making a search among some of my old stores, I laid my hands upon a work entitled — " Bibliotheca Universalis Selects. A Catalogue of Books, Ancient and Modern, in various Languages and Faculties, aud upon almost even- branch of Science and Polite Literature; including an extensive collection of Classical, Critical, and Philological Learning; collected, for the most part, in Germany and the Netherlands : Methodically digested, with a view to render it useful to Students, Collectors, and Librarians : to which is added, An Index of Authors, Interpreters, and Editors. Which will be sold by auction by Sam. Paterson, at his great room in King Street, Covent Garden, London, on Mon- day, May 8, 1786, and the thirty-five following days. As the " preface " prefixed to this valuable col- lection is rather interesting, and appears to bear a good deal upon the value of what is now going to be adopted, I feel that such then sentiments » are well worthy of being now more generally known and disseminated. This may be done by a reprint thereof in the columns of u N. & Q. : " 14 PREFACE. "The arrangement of libraries is of no small import- ance to literature, more especially in an age when there are far more literary inquiry, just criticism, and general reading than were ever known in this country. " Strange that the great aera of dissipation should be the greatest of good letters ! 'This was some time a paradox, but now the time gives it proof.* — Shakespeare. " A library undigested is a chaos, of little more use to the owner, or to the public, than so many divided parts of instruments ; for books, in each class or science, may be considered as component parts of the same instrument ; and to put them together properly is very essential to the observer and to the student. " I have laboured many years in this track, with little benefit to myself beyond the satisfaction arising from the consideration of its utility (myself having been always of the least consequence to myself); but if the diligent student has been served, and the curious inquirer gratified, the labourer is amply rewarded. '•The expediency and necessity of classing voluminous collections and public libraries is self-evident, as it is the only mean of pointing out the progress of science and knowledge of every kind, from the origin of printing, to which happy invention we owe the revival and diffusion of letters, to the present time, and of noting the desiderata in each : for to know what is wanting, and may be done, it is highly necessary to be acquainted with what has already been done. •* By such information, those who gather after others' harvests, may be led into the rich fields of Hoaz, where the weightiest gleanings are to be found : such as com- pose thro' idleness, or boast, inadvertently, known facts for novelties, or designedly utter old for new opinions and discoveries, may find that all they have to say has been better said already, and thereby spare themselves much pains and their readers much trouble; while such as fabricate for bread, contenting themselves with pillag- ing some two or three known authors (and, it may be, the very worst they could have chose) may learn, at least, the names of better tools, of which too many of our modern bookmakers appear to be entirely ignorant. "To render the present catalogue more useful to stu- dents, collectors, and librarians, is subjoined an index of authors, interpreters, and editors, which, tho* pretty ac- curate, is not altogether free from mistakes. •'Its general use is too obvious to be insisted upon, but in no one respect more so than in the discrimination of persons of the same, or nearly the same name, from the neglect of which many errors in biography have been committed; and, to the philosophical reader, con- sidered as a register of minds, will be as acceptable as an alphabet of arms. " S. P. " London, 3rd April, 178G." Samuel Paterson must have been a person of great talent, and possessed of much bibliographical knowledge. The preface prefixed to his Biblio- theca Croftstana, 178.% is highly curious and very interesting. He is reported to have been the "best cataloguer of his day." .Sketches of his life are in the Gent's Mag. and European Mag. for 1802. Thomas Geobge Stevenson. Edinburgh.' 24 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S. I. Jan. 11, '68. THE ANCIENT SCOTTISH PRONUNCIATION OF LATIN. It is the common belief that the broad pronun- ciation of the Latin vowels has always been the recognised use in Scotland, as on the Continent. Following as I do this mode, and prejudiced in favour of its antiquity, I am yet at a loss to re- concile with the received notion the evidence afforded by the writings of Scottish poets pre- ceding the Reformation. William Dunbar (1455-1520) has left a well- known piece, called a u Lament for the Death of the Makers/' in which he eulogises a number of poets, chiefly Scottish, who had flourished before his day, or whom he had outlived. (I quote from Mr. Laing'a edition, 1834.) There are twenty- * • 5. 23. five stanzas, each ending with the same line in Latin, as in these examples : 3. " The stait of man dois chainge and vary, Now sound, now seik, now blvth, now sary, Now dansand mirry, now lyk to die ; Timor Mortis conturbat me. u Unto the Deid gois all estaitis, Princis, prelottis and potestaitis, Baith riche and puire of all degre ; Timor Mortis conturbat me. " Gud Maister Walter Kennedy. In poynt of dede lyis veraly ; Gret reuth it wer that so suld be : Timor Mortis conturbat me" In the other stanzas also, the Latin me is made to rhyme, and in several instances with words in the vernacular Scotch, so as clearly to exclude the broad sound of the vowel. Mr. Laing points out that the words forming the burden of the i( La- ment" are borrowed from a poem by Lydgate. This, however, cannot go far in the way of explanation. In Dunbar's poem, "Of Man's Mortalities we have — " Lyk as ane schaddow in ane glass, Syne glydis all thy tyme that heir is : Think, thocht thv bodve war of brass, Quod tu in cinercm reverteris." Li • * If " weir is, And so in the five following stanzas, all ending with the same Latin line. There are the rhymes " feiris," " terns," &c. Writers of such verses were by no means careful to adhere to the rules of prosody or accent. Again, in u The Testament of Mr. Andro Ken- nedy," Dunbar makes the supposed testator thus enigmatically refer to " Mr. Johney Clerk " : " Were I a doig and he a swyne, Multi mirantur super vie, Bot I sould gar that lurdane quhyne, Scribendo dentes sine de." (D) It being once apparent that such an author intends, as in the' instances quoted, that the words terminating Latin lines introduced into his verse shall be pronounced in a certain way, it must be Kennedy, >» held that the other Latin words are meant to receive a pronunciation consistent with that mode. I am thus constrained to read those occurring in Dunbar's poems in the u English " fashion. The Scottish poet quoted above is not the only north-country bard of his time that appears to have followed the Anglican use. With '• Walter " whom Dunbar laments as lying at death's door, he had previously carried on a rhym- ing warfare in language more expressive than polite. In " The Fly ting of Dunbar and Kennedy," we find the latter thus addressing his contem- porary : " Cum to the Cross on kneis and mak a cria; Confess thy cryme, hald Kennedy thy King, And with ane hawthorn scurge thyself and ding; Thus dre thy pennance with * Deliquisti quia,9 M Here we have the Vulgate Psalter read with an English pronunciation. Further, there have been left us by John Clerk, whom Dunbar names in his li Lament," a few verses of " Advice to Luvaris/' where these lines occur (Sibbald's Col- lection, 1802) : " Sum say is his luve is * A per sej But sum, forsuth, ar so opprest With luve, war bettir lat it be. The phrase "A per se" was a favourite one with our old Scottish poets, and, so far as I have seen, was always rhymed as above. It is found more than once in the " Tales of the Thrie Priestis of Peblis,, (Sibbald's Collection), belonging to the latter part of Jame3 V.'s reign. The same poem contains also this passage (with the meaning of which we are not at present concerned) : " And gif thair be nane abil thair that can, That office weil steir, quhar sal thay than liot to the thrid way to ga for thi9 Quhilk is callit Via scrutart." In the foregoing quotations, taken together, the Latin vowels a, e, and i were evidently in- tended by the writers to be pronounced as in English. It is not until after the date at which Scotland threw off the supremacy of Home that Scottish verse-makers give the broad sound to the scraps of Latin introduced by them. I have noted two instances. In a u Ballad in derision of the Popische Mes" (Sibbald), the word "meum" is rhymed with u slay him " ; and in the scurrilous "Legend of the Bischop of St. Androis' Lyfe, Mr. Patrick Adamson" (DalyeU's Scottish Poems of the Sixteenth Century, 1801), there is this couplet : " With eructavit cor meum. He hosted thair a hude-full/ra him." The earlier Scottish writers might with equal facility have followed the like mode of pronun- ciation. Their adoption of the Anglican use is remarkable, considering the close and long-con- 4* S.I. Jan. 11/68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 25 tinued intercourse between Scotland and the Con- tinent, the contrary usage that was observed in the performance of the church services, and the study of the civil law abroad by Scotchmen, with its practical application at home, involving the daily oral use of the language in which its insti- tutes are written. Dunbar was an alumnus of St. Andrew's University, spent part of his early life on the Continent, and was in priest's orders. Walter Kennedy was educated at Glasgow. Their admiration of the works of Chaucer — " of Makers the Flower," as Dunbar styles him — will not ex- plain the matter. His poems show that he some- times gave the broad sound to the Latin vowels, and at other times followed the opposite mode. In "The Prioresse's Tale," for instance, where she tells of the cruel murder by the Jews of the Christian child who had filled them with wrath by his habit of singing a hymn to " Christ's dear Mother," and the power of vocal utterance mira- culously retained by the little martyr after his death, while the priests sprinkled "holy water" on hia body — these lines are found : " Yet spake the child, whan spreynde was the water, And sung 'O Alma Kedemptons Mater!' " Here the broad pronunciation is clearly indi- cated. To this use, indeed, Chaucer seems to lean — so far as can be gathered from his un- doubted poems. "The Lamentation of Mary Magdaline," attributed to him, but as to the au- thorship of which his editors are not agreed, although it certainly belongs to his period, fur- nishes several instances of an English pronuncia- tion: a difference of use which may possibly favour the opinion that the " Lamentation is not his composition. Perhaps there contemporane- ously existed in England the two modes or speak- ing Latin : the ecclesiastical use maintaining its ground with increasing difficulty against the secular or more scholastic fashion followed by native Englishmen. Coming down two centuries or thereby, to John Skelton, the clerical satirist and rhyming buiFoon (yet highly praised by Eras- mus for his learning), I cannot suppose that any fondness for his verses, where the Latin vowels invariably receive the English sound, led Dunbar and the other Scottish poets to imitate in this respect the practice of an author whose delight was to abuse and calumniate in the most offensive way their native country, their king James IV., and all Scotchmen. The passages cited in the present note, from the Scottish poetical literature of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, are by themselves too scanty as materials of evidence to warrant me in doing more than concluding with a query or two which they, however, suggest, viz. : bid the pro- nunciation of Latin followed by Dunbar and other Scottish poets, before the Reformation in North Britain (1560), represent the scholastic use there during their time ? If not, why did they, in writing for their own countrymen, deliberately throw aside the ordinary and 'familiar pronuncia- tion, and prefer the mode used only by their " auld enemies of England " ? Norval Clyne. Aberdeen. " THE BRIDGE OF SIGHS." The bridge to which this sparkling jeu £ esprit referred was au unsightly wooden structure, near the Midland Railway Station at Nottingham, and leading across the line from Station Street to the meadows. M One more erection, Worthy of note, In the direction Of Wilfurd boat,* Where the line Lincolnwards Quitteth the Station. Gaze and admire at its Proud elevation ! . 44 Winterly, summerly, Months, it hath stood ; Fashioned so monstrously, m Iron and wood. u Look at its soaring, so High in the air — While humanity ponde Astonished, and wonders How it came there ! 44 Who was the builder ? Who the designer ? Was it A. Pugin ? Or Patt'son and Hine,f or, Who did the ironwork ? Who was the j'iner ? " What was it built for ? What's the excuse Of its skilful projectors, The Railway Directors? Is it for ornament ? Is it for use ? M Is it a shorter cut Into the town ? Forty steps to the top, Forty steps down ! " Alas ! for the taste display vd In this one bridge they've made ; Surely but one ! Oh ! it is sorrowful, Near a whole borough-ful Friend it hath none. u Make no deep scruti- Ny into its beauty, Lightness and grace; For it hath none of them, Not even one of them — Summit nor base. " Take it down instantly, Clear it away ; Useless and lumbering, The ground onlv cumbering, Don't let it stay ! " * A ferry-boat across the Trent. f Names of a local builder and architect. 26 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S.I. Jan. 11, 'G8. The bridge was demolished a few weeks after the appearance of these lines. The above, written in 1847 by Mr. F. R. Good- yer, and appearing in a local newspaper, merits, I think, preservation in the " amber" of " ^ * n >? 24, Charles Street, St. James's. N. & Q. Henry Moody. SOCIETY OF BIBLIOGRAPHERS. In England we have many learned societies pursuing a course of steady usefulness, recording year by year new facts in science, throwing new lights on history, exposing old errors, and accumu- lating material for the future philosopher— for the future historian. t Every one who has had to do with historical literature must have reaped benefit from the labours of the Society of Antiquaries, the Numis- matic Society, and those others which are de- voted to the promotion of historical knowledge ; and every man of science must owe similar obli- gations to the Royal Society, the Chemical So- ciety, &c. &c. The number of learned societies is now somewhat large, and eacli of them, in its own peculiar field of usefulness, has been of much service; and, with their example shining so clearly, it lias often excited my surprise that there is not among them a Society of Bibliogra- phers. Some knowledge of bibliography is necessary to every man who is engaged in any literary or scientific pursuit : an acquaintance with it may save him years of useless toil. The bibliographer aids the student in every department of human the theologian, the tiquary, the savant, nil need his aid. He records their labours, and is constantly noting the new discoveries in the map of human learning. There is no occasion here to insist upon the importance of bibliography. Why, then, is there no society for its advancement? Let bibliographers con- sider this question. Lowndes, we are told bv Mr. Bohn, complained that the bibliographer had no standing in England. A somewhat higher value is put upon these studies now, but the es- tablishment of such a society as is here suggested would undoubtedly aid in giving the bibliogra- phers still more of that position to which they are entitled in the republic of letters. When such an association is organised, there is plenty of work which it might usefully do. A General Literary Index would then be something of a possibility the vexed question of cataloguing would probably find a solution, much light would be thrown upon literary history, special bibliographies of particu- lar subjects might be brought out under its pro- tection, and it would be able to accomplish for thought and observation an- relations between different literary institutions and men. Much more might be said of the advantages which would result from the founding of such a society, but it is hoped that sufficient has already been said to prove its desirability. The smwes- tion having now been made, it rests with those interested to say whether it is worth carrvin^ ouil W. E. A/A btrangewaj-s. Wni I believe it is still an uh- longed to Cheshire or Herefordshire. settled point whether Whitney, the author, be- In the latter county is situated the little village of Wit- ney, but no trace now remains of the castle which for many generations was occupied by a knightly family of the name. Sir Robert Whitney was a devoted Royalist, and sacrificed his fortune in the cause of the Stuarts. Some fragments of a tower were still standing when Blount wrote his Collec- tions for Herefordshire, but he makes no allusion to the family which once tenanted it. As might be expected, branches from the main stem were planted in various parts of the county, and of those the earliest and perhaps the strongest off- shoot took root at Norton Canon, near Weobley. The first member of this branch of whom I have any account describes herself in her will (dated Oct. 20, 1568,) as "Margaret Whytneye, late wife of James Whytneye, Esquire, deceased." She desires to be buried in her parish church of Norton, and mentions her son Thomas and other relatives. She adds: — "Twill that John Gibbons mv cosen. shall have the coffer wherein my evidences w'» j have in mv custodve concerning my former husband's landes to be sorted out, and that he, with one of my executors, shall keep the same evidences after mv decease." The registers of the parish commence at too late a date to admit of the construction of a regu- lar pedigree from that source; but some of your readers may be interested in learning that the family continued to reside in Norton Canon until very recently, and that in any search for the parentage of the author this quarter should not be neglected. C< J# R Ay aces for Agaric, in the way of p,omotbg M^fy I of D^^C » "= TXXT&ZZ Lord Campbell, in his ac- count of this judge, who was executed in 1388 enys that he left one only child, a daughter, who married into the respectable family of Ilowley, from which was descended the late Archbishop of Canterbury of that name. But according to Foss he left also a son, John, who afterwards prosecuted his brother-in-law, being supported by his mother and her second husband Sir John Coleshull. The descent of Archbishop Howley is a pure fiction. Sir R. Tresilian's daughter married John Ilflwlev 4* S. I. Jan. 11, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 27 Worthies of Hawkey daughter and heiress, Elizabeth, married John Coplestone, of Coplestone, Esq. Frederic T. Colby Exeter College, Oxford. a x WELL »» (1585.) -. noticed in the Paisley Magazine of 1828 ; and the editor mentions his possessing a small MS. of thirty-six leaves: the first date March 17, 1584; and the last date July 3, 1589. A few specimens are given ; the editor surmising some of the poetic effusions may be Maxwell's own, but chiefly a mere register of certain popular rhymes which were current at the time : — " He that spends fast and winnes nocht, And awis meikill and hes nocht, And luikis his purss and fiudis nocht, His hart may be sair and say nocht." The thing that lyis in thy lyfe, Tell it newer to thy wvfe ; For sche will keip it als cloiss As water in ane rewine boiss." The editor is of opinion the following stanzas contain political allusions : u H. Si Ego et Angus holde ws togidder Na man will wrang ws, si ego et Angus It were almous to hang us and we dissewer Si Ego et Angus holde ws togidder. " B. Domi manemus duplici cam pilio, A curia canemus domi manemus Id quod habemus manebit cum filio Domi manemus duplici cum pilio. " S. Fugiens pestem, the blok and maide Respiciens restem, fugiens pestem I twik ane testem, de Stirling Raid Fugiens pestem, the blok and maide." If deemed worthy of notice in "N. & Q.," per- haps space may be found for them. Seth Wait. The Nile. — Mercator's curious map of Africa, published about 1593, makes the Nile spring from two large lakes (the Victoria and Albert Nyanza ?), which, as well as the Abyssinian affluents, fill very nearly their true relative position on his map. The lakes, however, as well as the districts on the eastern coast which are in the same parallel, are placed by Mercator too far to the south. S. P. V. Sewing Machines Sixty Years ago. — I quote the following from the Athcnamm. February, 1807: — u French Invention for making Cloaths by a Machine. M. J. Stone, Rue de la Pepiniere, Paris, obtained a brevet d'invention, or patent, in February, 1805, for 'a machine for joining the sides of segments of all flexible matters/ which he asserts will be particularly serviceable in pre- paring cloathing for the army or navv. It is supposed one man may do as much work with this machine as one hundred persons with the needle. If it is used to any extent, it will more properly deserve the name of the Devil among the Taylors, than the game that is at present so called." Johnstone. D. MACPHAIL. Major Salwey. — Among some papers brought II. Masters, T. Booth. under 'my notice relating to the Salwey family, I find a summons issued by the justices of the county of Hereford against Major Salwey, who served in Cromwell's army, in these terms : — " We whose names are hereunto appended, Justices of the Peace for this County, thinking it requisite for his Majif7 service, and the preservation of the peace of this kingdom, to have you appear before us, do hereby desire and require vou to be in person with us at the Swan and Falcon, in Hereford, upon Thursday, the 18th Inst, by ten of the clock in the forenoon, wherein not doubting your performance, " We remain, Sir, your servants, " John Nourse, John Barneby, C. W. Lambeth, Herbert Westfalling, Marshall Brydges, Tho§ Delahave, Herbert Croft, 44 Hereford, 15 June, 1G85." Major Salwey was detained in custody until July 14 in that year, and dismissed on promise to return on summons. This Richard Salwey was a major in Crom- well's army. He represented Worcestershire in 1053, Westmoreland 1069, and went ambe dor from Cromwell to Constantinople; was a Commissioner for Ireland, and Ranger of Wych- wood Forest. He died soon after this transaction in the same year. Is there a record of any other noted members of Cromwell's party who had survived until that date, and who were detained or placed under surveillance at the commencement of James II. 's reign at the time of the Monmouth rebellion ? Thomas E. Winnington. Derivation of England. — While travelling in Denmark I met with a word which seems to me to afford a derivation for our name of England, as probable at least as the ordinary one of Angle- land. The word I mean is Eng% an old Danish name applied even yet to the level, marshy pas- ture-lands adjoining the rivers. I believe the Saxons and Angles, from the time of whose invasion the name is supposed to date, first landed at and owned the Isle of Thanet, which in parts, especially those about Minster and the River Stour, would answer very well to the above- given description of the Daninh eng-lands. It is from this word I think the name may have sprung, instead of from the Angles, whom we have no reason for supposing to have been so superior to the Saxons as to leave the remembrance of their name to the entire exclusion of that of the latter. Henry Rowan. Atherton: Archdeaconry of Totnes. I find the following on the opening page of the first 28 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4*S.L Jan. 11, '6* volume of Calendars for the Archdeaconry of Totnes, deposited in the District Registry of the Court of Probate at Exeter : — [Copied in the exact lines of the original.] " Tabula continen Nomina testatoru, defunct, infra archuat. Totton fact. 4 marcij 1582 " From 1513 to 1580, or 1582, you will fynd Registered in the old ancient Booke of this office Totton : The rest I found Rotten and confused for want of good keeping before mv tvme. Phi: "A&erton Regr-n " This book goes home to lf>47, being in the tvme of the greate Rebellion agl King Charles the first ; wch R: began in 1642. In >vch Warre I was a Captain of foote for the King, my Eldest bro: Edw: Atherton Captain of horse, slaineat Maston moo re fight and mv youngest brother Ensigne, who came with the Duke of Albv Munke from Scotland to London." Jonx A. C. Vincent. Jannock. — After Mr. Gladstone's speech at the opening of the Mechanics' Institute at Oldham the other day, the motion for a vote of thanks was seconded" by a Mr. Scholes, who observed that Mr. Gladstone was a gentleman of whom they were all proud, and that as a Lancashire man he was "jannock" to the backbone. This word would be unintelligible to thousands of readers of the newspaper report, but was, without doubt, well understood by all assembled on the occasion. It is in quite common use in Lancashire and the North, (1) as a substantive, meaning oaten bread, oat-cake. (Cf. Skinner, Etyin. Line/. Angl. fol. 1071, Bailey 172<), Johnson 1755, Halliwell, &c.) (2.) As an adjective, with the sense of tit, proper, good, fair and honourable, thorough-going. (Cf. Halliwell, Diet, of Arch, and Pro v. Words, where the word is, however, inaccurately sipeltjannak). These words, I presume, have one and the same etymology, but what is it ? Johnson says of jannock, substantive, probably a corruption of ban- nock, but does not assist us further. Skinner suggests : u nescio an a Belg. Ghc-nood pro nood necessitas, q. d. Brood van ghe-nood Panis neces- sitatis quo proe inopia meliorum granorum vulgus vescitur." Mr. Scholes, at all events, and others too, on other grounds, will object to this solution. If it is a Teutonic word at all, the German genvg, enough, would be nearer the mark. Oat-cake is sense of the adjective. A correspondent of the Pall Mall Gazette connects it with the Northamp- tonshire "jonnock," or "jonnick," quoting Miss Baker's Northamptonshire Words and Phrases, who gives — "Jonnick, liberal, kind, hospitable: 'I went to see him and he was quite jonnick.1 The circulation of this word is very limited." • Even supposing that these forms are of common origin with jannock, the latter is not used in any of these senses in Lancashire, nor is the circulation of the word by any means limited throughout the north of England. E. F. M. M. Birmingham. Qurrte*. Vandyke's Portrait of Sir R. Ayton. — la reply to a query about a portrait of the poet Sir Robert Ayton (ob. Feb. 21, 1C.T8) Mr. Rogers replied in your columns that, while preparing his work', The unpublished Poems of Sir B. Aytouny he had made inquiry as to the existence of a Portrait, but could not ascertain if there was one, observe in the Historical Memoirs of West- minster Able)/, bv Dean Stanley, that Sir R. Ayton's bust in the Abbey is from a portrait by Vandyck. Can any of your readers say what has become of that portrait; Is it not in any of the royal collections ? Scottjs. Dice. — I have been assured that the Romans played with dice, whereon, in lieu of the ordinary circles to distinguish the numbers, the six parts were marked with letters from one to six. I shall be obliged if any of your correspondents will state whether such a custom existed, and refer me to any authority on the subject, or inform me where a die so lettered may be found. Windsor Villas, Enfield. Walter R ayton. Festts. — In the History of the Vallais by the late learned and respected Canon Boccard, Curate of St. Maurice (Geneva, 1844), the author quotes Festus as an authority. His words are — 44 Festus ne nous domic que les noms de quatre a ut res peuplades, (\vs Tvlnngiens, des Chabilcons, des Daliter- niens, et des TVmuniens; on nc saurait designer les lo- calite's qifils habiterent." — Histoire du Vallais, pp. 8, 9. Who was Festus? I have made a search in the public libraries at Florence, in which I was aided by the learned Monsignor Liverani. I can find only one Festus, who in the first century wrote a small treatise on grammar, and of which there is an Elzevir edition. I cannot discover i that his work has anything to do with Helvetic archaeology; lie is evidently not the authority quoted by Boccard. Did any learned ecclesiastical historian or chronicler bear the name ? Perhaps F. C. H. can clear up the mystery, and li if found " give the Latin of the quotation in Boccard. I was intimately acquainted with Boccard, but I al- ways abstained from asking about Festus. I was afraid that he might suppose I questioned 4*8.1. Jan. 11, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 29 the statement. M. Boccard died suddenly in 1865. He was buried close to the high altar in the parish church of St. Sigismond, St. Maurice. J. H. Dixon. "SirFon." — In the interesting work of Lady Llano ver, The Life and Correspondence of Mrs. Delany, reference is made to "Sir Fon " as a genealogical authority in respect to a family from North Wales. 1 am unable to discover the work so referred to. Can any of your readers inform me what is its full title, or the name under which it may be found? G. II. Fotheringay Castle. — Can any one inform me if there are in existence any views, etchings, engravings, woodcuts, &c. of Fotheringay Castle as it stood before James VI. caused it to be de- molished in consequence of Queen Mary, his mother, being beheaded there ? W. U. P. Letter of Lord Galway.— To the volume of Rachel, Lady Russell's Letter*, edited by Miss Berry, from the originals in possession of the Duke of Devonshire, there is appended a set of eleven letters from the Countess of Sunderland, which are annotated by Miss Berrv. It appears from one of her annotations that she had access to an unpublished letter to Lady Russell from the Earl of Galway. The note (3rd ed. p. 334) is 44 It would seem that William Earl of Bedford was remarkable for a good appetite. Ruvigny (Lord <>alway), in a letter to Lady Kussell, says, complaining of his health in Spain, J*ai perdu entitlement rappvtit que Lord Bed- ford appeloit son meilleur ami" Where is Lord Galway's letter to be found ? and is it one of a set ? David C. A. Agxew. Wigtown, N.B. Gbd's Stereotypes. When was stereotype printing invented, and under what direction? I ask this question because the late Dr. Adam Clarke, as long ago as 1808, showed me the following title of a Sallust, which led me to think that it was no recent invention : — « C. Crispi Sallustii Belli Catilinarii et Jugurthini ilistoriaV. Kdinburgi Gulielmus Ged aurifaber Edinensia non Typis mobilibu*, ut vulgo fieri solet, sed tabellis seu laminisfusis excudebat, mdccxxxix." II. E. German Architecture. — Can any of your correspondents inform me whether any good ac- count of the architecture of the German towns and churches has been published in England ? J. G. T. Nuremberg. I, Ego.— If / come from ich, and ich remotely from iyti, it occurs to me to ask if the gamma in the Greek word ever had a guttural sound. It is generally pronounced in a sharp concise way f7 — *>: but was it ever ryA-ctP I am obliged to insert a Roman h to convey the sound I mean. In the older Oriental tongues with which Greek is cognate there i3 a twofold g — ga, gha ; and I fancy, from the German derivative of iyd, that there may be a kindred double g in Greek. Is it so? The mere mooting of the question pected light on the subjects of might throw unex prosody and etymology. Imperator.- Alpha. —Among the manuscripts ascribed to Dr. Dee in Athena; Cantabrigienses is, a De im- peratoris nomine, authoritate et potentia, 1579." MS. dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. " In that Colledge (Trinity, Cambridge) by my advice and by my endeavors, divers waies used with all the other Col ledges, was their Christmas Magistrate first named and confirmed an Emperor." — The Compendious Re- hearsal \ by Dr. Dee. How long did this imperial authority last ? What was it? A. B. C. Jeremy. — I am anxious to learn some particu- lars as to a mediaeval writer of the name of Jeremy, the author of a Latin treatise on the Mass, which was done into English rhime. lie is thus spoken of by his translator 44 Dan Jeremy was his name, A devoute m on <fc a religyus." (Lines 18-19 of a MS. which is about to be printed by the Early English Text Society.) When did said Jeremy live ? to what order did he belong ? and where can I meet with his work ? T. F. S. Abraham Kick. — Who was "the eminent Mr. Kick'9 who, in Feb. 1069, wrote from the Hague a letter to Queen Mary in behalf of the colonists of New England, then seeking a renewal of their charter ? The letter is published in A Brief Rela- tion of the State of New England, printed for Richard Bald wine of London, 1G89, pp. 18. W. II. WniTMORE. Boston, U. S. A. No Love Lost. — By the words " No love was lost between these two," I think that most per- sons would be led to suppose that the two were not on friendly terms. But in the ballad of "The Babes in the Wood,'' given in Percy's Reliqucs, the following lines appear, which convey the con- trary idea : 11 No love between these two was lost, Each was to other kind : In love they lived, in love they dyed, And left two babes behind." Can any explanation of this anomaly be given ? II. A. L. Oxford. Paniot.— What is a naniot? The following Eassage occurs in the " Household Expences of lishop Swinfield" (Camd. Soc.)„vol. i. p. 182:— u In j paniot' de duubj pec* [empt* Lond'J vijajd." « K. P. D. E. 30 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S.I. Jan. 11/68. Quotations. Who was the subject of the following eulogy, and by whom was the piece written from whicli it is extracted ? " Ne'er since the deep-toned Theban sung, Unto the listening nine, Have classic hill or valley rung With melody like thine. Ah ! "who shali wake thy widowed lvre ? " A. II. of B. " Be the da}' weary, be the day long, At last it ringeth to evensong." A. F. Will one of your numerous collaborateitrs oblige me by mentioning the author of a poem beginning with 44 In days of old. when spirit life Pervaded stream and tree, They say the willow loved the brook That flowed so merrily." And where I may meet with the poem in its entire form ? Hermann Kindt. Preshore, its Etymology. — Can any of your readere help me to a rational etymology of the name of this town ? It is a place of some anti- quity ; a religious house, which afterwards grew into an important Benedictine abbey, having been founded here in the seventh century. The only account I have met with of the name is either Pear-shore, from the pear-trees growing on the shore or bank of the river ; or Pear-sore, meaning fertile in pears. These seem to require no refutation. The name appears variously as Perscore, Parshore, and, in its Latinised form, Persicora. It. E. Bartlett. Registrum Sacrum Americanum. May I this trouble you with one or two queries on subject? 1. Is there any biography of the estimable but somewhat eccentric Bishop Polk, who died (?) in 18u4, after holding a commission during the late civil war? 2. Who were the consecrators of Bishop McCroskv, who became Bishop of Michigan July 7th, 1830 ? 3. I have access to the lives of Seabury, White, Claggett, Ilobart, (iriswold, Dehon, R. C. Moore, Bowen, Chase, Ravenscroft, Ilenshawe, Doane, and Wainwright : are there any other lives of de- ceased prelates besides the notices in The Church Review ? What is the best life of White ? 4. For what reason was II. U. Onderdonk, of Pennsylvania, suspended ? He was restored in 185G, and died in 185 *r JUXTA TURRIM. Royal and Noble Gamesters. — In a notice of M. Benzanet, lately deceased, who was proprie- tor of the gaming establishments at Baden Baden, the writer says : " His father was the fermier des jeux of Frascati, the celebrated tapis vert on the Boulevard, witness of such wondrous scenes during the occupation of Paris by the Allies, where the Duke of Wellington, Blucher, and Ros- topschin, while gambling incognito at one end of the tabler were one night suddenly recognised by the Emperor Alexander and Souvaroff, who were gambling incognito at the other. When the two parties joined prolits and losses together, they managed to clear a good round sum, and leave the hall amid the hisses of the company, not one indi- vidual having guessed their identity, from the simple conviction of the utter impossibility of such lightness of conduct on the part of such grave personages as the con- querors of Paris ; and the preconceived impressions that this band of gallant heroes must of necessity be engaged at that moment in drawing up the terms of the treaty of Paris, and the ultimatum to be offered to the vanquished partv." — u Gossip from Paris," Birmingham Journal, Dec. 21, 1867. This is remarkable if true. Has any reader of " N. & Q." seen it before ? If so, where ? FiTznorKiN8. Garrick Club. Scottish Local Histories. — Will some of the readers of "N. & Q." kindly give the names of works (with their authors, publishers, and dates of publication) on the counties of Aberdeen, Banff, Moray, and Nairn, having reference to the histories of families and estates in those districts, and of any other local works likely to contain allusions to these subjects? The list might be added to from time to time. Such information would doubtless be interesting to some of your readers generally, for reference, besides being of special service to me. Benjamin Leslie. are: by the SnYLOCK. — In the Cyclopaedia Society for the Diffusion of (in which edition we observe, the word "verso" does not article), vol. xiii. p. 122, I Siia published Jseful Knowledge by the way, that stand heading an react — 44 Finally, in the reign of Edward I., about a.d. 1290, all the Jews were banished from the kingdom It was not till after the Restoration, A.r>. 16(50, that the Jews again settled in England." Somewhere between a.d. 1290 and a.d. 1G00, I ask from what L. K. W. "Shakspeare drew Shylock." original? Battle. Soldrup. — As a relaxation from sterner labour, 1 lately amused myself with tracing back to their Celtic," Anglo-Saxon, and Norman origin, the names of the villages situated in the northern half of the county of Bedford. One of these, Soldrup, has given me some trouble. At first sight it would appear to be a compound of the Danish words Sol and drup, and would mean Sun-thorpe, and the probability of its having been a Danish settlement is increased by the fact of there being a village in Denmark called Soderup. But there is also a small towTi on the old coach- road between Strasburs: and Paris bearing the name of Saulx- 4* S.I. Jan. 11, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 31 drupt (apparently a corruption of Salix dirupta), and hence my difficulty. It is well known that when William the Bastard invaded England, his army was not composed of Normans exclusively ; its ranks were tilled by adventurers of all sorts, who were lured to his standard by hopes of booty, and anions these may possibly have been a Jean or Pierre from the Saubcdrupt above mentioned. If sucli were the case, nothing is more natural than that the lucky adventurer should give the name of Saulxdrupt to his new home. Would one of the learned correspondents of " N. & Q.,f have the courtesy to inform me whether the Dom Buk — irreverently termed Doomsday Book — says anything there anent, sub voce, Soldrup, Solr drope, or Saulxdrupt ? Outis. Rbeb'. Beds. "Solyitur Ambulaxdo." — What is the origin, and what the exact meaning of this Latin phrase ? J. B. 1). Suborders in tue English Church. — Can any of your readers kindly refer mo to a collected account of the late church movement in favour of authorized lay ministrations, and to records of any results of that movement ? T. W. Belcher, M.D. Coll. of Physicians, Dublin. Thomas Family. — Can any of your correspon- dents give me information in regard to the English descent of the Maryland family of Thomas? I am about compiling a history of the family, and would be obliged to anyone who should furnish me with particulars in regard to them. The first of the family who settled in America was a certain Evan Thomas, who came over in the early part of the eighteenth century. His immediate de- scendants settled in Maryland, and, occupying posi- tions of note, are easily traced; but I am unable to discover his descent. The family bears two coats of arms : one similar to that of Thomas of Gellywemen, and the other having for crest a crow, sable, perched on a green bough, and bear- ing on the shield three similar birds. As a help to an answer, I may remark that the unvarying family tradition represents them as of Welsh de- scent; and that Evan and Lewin are common Christian names of the family. My address is L. Buckley Thomas, care of James Cheston & Co., Baltimore, Maryland, U. S. A. King Zoiirab. — Archbishop Whately, in one of his letters, has this remark: "King Zohrab's snakes to him were a part of himself.'' I have searched in vain for KingZohrab. Can you direct me where to find any mention of him, or inform me who he was, or what he was ? A. H. of B. Qutrtatf tmtfo Snifter*. Lines by John Philipott (3rd S. xii. 390, 48G.) — The first two stanzas are given by Ellis, in his Specimens of the Early English Poets, vol. iii. p. 359, ed. 1803, and ascribed to Simon Wastell. Ellis states : '•He translated from Shaw's Bibliorum Summula, A True Christians Daily Delight, being a metrical epitome of the Bible, 1623, 12mo, which was enlarged and reprinted, 1629, 12mo, under the title of Microbiblion. From the latter edition the following stanzas are extracted, which have sometimes been inserted among the poems of Quarles." II. P. D. The verses quoted by Dr. liix (St. Neots) as " Lines by John Philipott/' under the title of "A Fragment written about the Time of James lst,M were no more written by Philipott than by Dr. Rix himself. They may bo found at the end of Simon Wastell s Microbiblion, or the Bible Epitome, London, printed for Robert Myl- bourne, &c, 1020, 24mo. — a little work of rather rare occurrence and curious, each verse beginning with a letter of the alphabet in order. At the end of the volume are four separate leaves, fre- quently wanting; on one of which are the lines in question, but they are altogether so different, and so much superior to the rest of the work, that they are evidently not the composition of Wastell ; but their author must be sought for elsewhere. They are much above the average of such Kke verses, and ought scarcely to be termed "a fragment." Wastell was a Westmoreland man, and of Queen's College, Oxford. A copy of his little work was priced in the BibL Angl. Poet., 878, at 4/. 4*. Thomas Philipott, M.A., of Clare Hall, in Cambridge, published a volume of Poems, London, 1G40, 8vo. But who was John Philipott ? T.C. [These verses are attributed to John Philipott, not by Dk. Rix, but on the authority of the liar). MS. 3917, fol. 88 b. (see last vol., p. 390.) The biographers of John Phili- pott speak of him, not only as a herald and an antiquary, but as a poet. The first verse is to be found on the tomb of Alderman Humble in St. Saviour's, Southwark, erected in 1C1G, at the time when John Philipott was Rouge Dragon. This verse appears to have formed the model of nine other verses, each of twelve lines, printed by the Rev. J. Hannah in his edition of Bishop Henry King's Poems and Psalms, ed. 1843, pp. cxviii.-cxxii. and attri- buted to five different authors. Thomas Philipott, his son, formerly of Clare Hall, Cambridge, published in 1G59 his father's collections, under the title of Villare Cantiarum, or Kent Surveyed and lllustratid, reprinted in 1778. J SetedosaxdWalleeciiu are two Indian deities. Of the first, mention is made by Shakespeare in his play of The Tempest ; but who is the second, and 32 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S. I. Jan. 11, '68. by what particular nation is lie worshipped ? An answer or a reference will oblige R. S. T. [Setebos was the name of the deity invoked by the inhabitants of the Straits discovered by and named after Magalhaens. Mention is made of that ferocious god in all the old Voyages to Magdlanica. " Walieechu " is the deity of the Indians inhabiting that narrow and sterile strip of territory confined by the rivers Negro and Colorado, in l$uenos Ay res. It is a doubtful point whe- ther Walieechu be a spirit or a tree. The last-mentioned, however, serves for his altar on the Sierra de la Ventana, overlooking the valley of the \\\o Negro. Mr. Darwin, in his Journal (see vol. iii. pp. 79, 80 of Fitzroy and King's Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, 8vo, Lond. 1839) thus describes it : " Shortly after passing the first spring we came**in sight of a famous tree, which the In- dians reverence as the altar of Walieechu. It is situated on a high part of tjie plain, and hence is a landmark visible at a great distance. As soon as a tribe of Indians come in sight of it, they offer their adorations by loud shouts. The tree itself is low, much branched, and thorny. Just above the root it has a diameter of about three feet. It stands by itself without any neighbour, and was indeed the first tree we saw ; afterwards we met with a few others of the same kind, but they were far from common. Being winter the tree had no leaves, but in their place numberless threads, by which the various offerings, such as cigars, bread, meat, pieces of cloth, &c. had been sus- pended. Poof people, not having anything better, only pulled a thread out of their ponchos, and fastened it to the tree. The Indians, moreover, were accustomed to pour spirits and mate into a certain hole, and likewise to smoke upwards, thinking thus to afTord all possible gratification to Walieechu. To complete the scene, the tree was sur- rounded bv the bleached bones of the horses which had been slaughtered as sacrifices. All Indians, of every age and sex, made their offerings; they then thought that their horses would not tire, and that they themselves should be prosperous. The Gaucho [or peasant] who told me this, said that in the time of peace he had wit- nessed this scene, and that he and others used to wait till the Indians had passed by for the sake of stealing their offerings from Walieechu. The Gauehos think that the Indians consider the tree as the god itself; but it seems far more probable that they regard it as the altar. The onlv cause which I can imagine for this choice is its being a landmark in a dangerous passage."] 14 From all who swear themselves meisworn.,, " From Row that spurgold pulpit sporter." " From covenanting Tamilists, Amsterdamian Separatists, Antinomians and Brownists, Jesuitizing Calvinists, Murrayinizing Buchannanists All monster Misobasilists. These are the mates of Catharus, From whom good Lord deliver us." Who were the Misobasilists and Tamilists, who Catharus and the Etnauhs, and what is the meaning of the words meisworn and spurgold ? J. Manuel. [The Etnauhs are Etnas. Meisworn, t. e. Missworn. Misobasilists, i. e. King-haters. Catherus, t. e. Catherans, with a Latin termination, Highland robbers. Spurgold is base gilt metal. The " covenanting Tamilists " must remain a query,] Anonymous. Who is the author of 77ie Rise and Fall of the Heresy of Iconoclasts : or, Image- Breakers Collected by R. M. London : Printed for Tho. Meighan .... 1731, From the advertisement to the reader we learn that it was written by u the late author of England's Cmversion and lie format ion compared." During the progress of that work " he sometimes found it requisite, after long application, to allow himself some ease of mind, and a relaxation of attention. " This relaxation consisted in reading the history of the iconoclasts ; and " the benefit ... he had received from this entertainment " induced him to write the book in question, " that what he had found so diverting to himself might probably prove no less instructive to others." William E. A. Axon. Strangewavs. [The two works noticed by our correspondent are by Kobert Manning, who was educated at Douay College, where he was sometime Professor of Humanity and Phi- losophy. He died in Essex on March 4, 1730, Old Style. Vide i)odd\s Church History, iii. 488, and "N. <fc Q." 1* S. xi. 28.] Machines. — Amongst the collections under Briefs in Castor, Northamptonshire, is this entry, dated Aug. 11, 1700: " For v° Captives at Machanes 01 02 10. » Forrester's Litany. — In the appendix to entry, dated June, 1700 : And at Elton, in Huntingdonshire, is a similar Wade's History of Melrose Abbey (1861), notice is taken of the Itev. Thomas Forrester's Saytre relating to Public Affairs (1038-39), and several stanzas are quoted to show its style and character. For my purpose, I extract as follows: " From Henderson, who doth out-top The Etnauhs, for he is Pope — Yet Leekie makes bold to oppose His Holiness, e'en to his nose — Leekie, a covenanting brother, Go to, let one Deil ding another." s " For \° Redemption of vc Slaves at Machanes . 0 15 6." Where can I find an account of the captivity here spoken of? W. D. S. Peterborough. [Machanes we take to be Mequinez, a large city of Marocco, and one of the residences of the emperor. The brief for the collections issued by William and Mary is printed in the Introduction (pp.xx.-xxiii.) to "Barbarian Cruelty : being a true History of the distressed condition of the Christian Captives under the tyranny of Mully 4* S. I. Jan. 11, '68.] NOTES AND QFERIKS. 33 Ishmael, Emperor of Marocco, and King of Fez and Mac- queness in Barbary. By Francis Brooks. Lond. 1793, 18mo." Consult also Windus's " Journey to Mequinezf the residence of the present Emperor of Fez and Marocco, on the occasion of Commodore Stewart's Embassy thither for the redemption of the British Captives in the year 1721. Lond. 1725, 8vo."J SIR THOMAS CIIALONER. (3rd S. x. 28.) Looking through back numbers of u N. & Q.," I see the Latin epigrammatic " inscription copied from a portrait of Sir Thomas Chaloner the elder (belonging to Mrs. M. G. Edgar, and numbered 297 in the Exhibition of National Portraits of South Kensington)," and, adds J. E. S., " probably written by Sir Thomas himself, who, besides his reputation as a statesman and soldier, is also ac- credited with having been one of the best Latin writers in the reign of Elizabeth." I cannot but feel dissatisfied with one part of the " conjectural restoration J. E. S. »? u suggested " by Here The part I refer to is in the third line. v . . vxt is, undoubtedly, vivvnt; the upper part of the i is there, indeed, already. We have the following line : "QV.K PEKKVNT IROI VIVVNTQ3 SIMILUMA FVMO, »» the word qwi: referring to mortally ctxcta, words at the end of the first line. As to iroi, these four letters are preceded by a blank space, which indicates the disappearance of one or more before them, while the termination is not Latin. The question is — How are we to fill up the lacuna between perevxt and vivvnt? J. E. S. suggests tkepido, appending (?). Now, no good writer would put in a position where so much stress is laid on the word filling It would be clear up such a mere epithet of fvmo. putting a weak word in a strong post. It tome that the place was occupied 1>\ a substantive, and that this substantive in combination with the verb perevnt answered to the substantive fvmo in combination with the verb vivvnt. I would suggest flori, or frondi, or folio. ^ It would be well if we could get the inscrip- tion copied again, and, withal, carefully. Since writing so far, I have been to Oxford, and to the Bodleian Library. I have found Sir Thomas Chaloner's De \llu4rium, §c. in a volume bearing the following on the initial title-page : " De rep. Anglorum instauranda libri decern, Authore Thoma Chalonero Equite, Anglo. " Hue accessit in laudem Henriei Octavi Regis quon- dam Angliae prestantiss. carmen Panegyricum. Item, L)e illustrium quorundam encomiis miscellanea, cura epigrammatis, ac epitaphiis nonnullis, codem autliore. u Londini, excudebat Thomas Yautrollerius, Typo- graphus, 1579." The volume also contains epicedial Latin verses in honour of Sir Thomas Chaloner, after the fashion of those times. The epigram inscribed on Sir Thomas's portrait is neither among Sir Thomas's compositions in " longs and shorts" (all of which are comprised in the De illustrium, #c), nor among the epicedial eulogies of his admirers. The collection headed De illustrium, 8fc. has a title-page of its own; but the pages are not dis- tinctively numbered. The following specimen of its contents is in pp. 200-209 of the volume : *' Deploratio acerbv nee Is Heroidls pretstantissimev, D. Janet Grayee Henriei Duet's Suffolvhuejilia, qutv securi percussa, animo eonstantissimo mortem oppet'tit, "Janaluit patriam profuso sanguine culpam, Vivere Phoenicis digna puella dies. Ilia suis Phoenix merito dicenda manebat ; Ore placens Veneris, Palladis arte placens. Culta fuit, formesa fuit : divina movebat Sa'pe viros facies, siepe loquela viros. Vidisset faciem ? poterat procus improbus uri : Audisset cultrc verba ? modestus erat. Ipsa scd, nt facies erat insidiosa videnti, Lumina dejecto plena pudore tulit. Ingenium (6 Superi) tenero sub corpore, quantum Nacta fuit ? naetum qu&m bene et excoluit ? Vix ea ter scnos obiens exegerat annos, Docta, cathedralcs quod stupuere sopbi. Et tain en ipsa humilis, mitis, sensusque modest i, Nil unquam datum dicere visa fuit. At qua' viva omnes mansueto pectore vicit, El a to gessit pectore se moriens. Constantesque animos supremo tempore servans, N<<eio Socratieis ccsserit anne rogis. Quod si me vatum quisquam de more locutum Arguat haec Metis amplificare modis : Juro tibi Veneris, per et omnia sacra Minerva*, Perque Aganippeas, Xumina nostra, Deas, Quod nihil insinuo : non laudatoris egentem Qu6rsum opus ampullis tollere mirificis ? Novimus, et nostris ha»c nuper vixerat oris : Objeeta implacidac blanda columba lea\ Quam quia beserunt alii, quas debuit iras Vertere in authore?, fudit in innocuam. Judicet haec Justus judex qui pectora cernit : Non qua? jura jubent, semper ut nequa licent. Nee fuit, ut (si culpa fuit, quando inscia peccat)' Altera tarn srcvis surge ret ulta modis. Juppiter a*<| minimis erudeles odit ab alto : Hine puto et ultriei iila minora dedit. Ean^urntique a»gros longinn sub corpore senilis : Conscia quo stimuli's eederet acta suis. Puniit et lenta primos Khamnu^ia tabe Aut«>r«'st diri con^ilii osa nefas. Hunc hydrops, alium confeeit calculus: isti Stilla gravis capitis, illi alia ini^ruerant. Discite mortalcs : Sortem reverenter habete : Calcata ultorem sa*po hahet ilia h.'iim. Nee quia non semper manifesto Xumen in iram, Idque statim surjjit, Numen iuerme putes. Einquo sed hucc aliis, quorum pia peetora fontes iEterni laticis, Biblia sa<ra rigant. Me decet Abniis tantum indulg<*re eorymbis, Quantum Helicon vati, Pieridcsque ferunt, 34 OTES QUERIES [4*S. L Jan. 11, '68. Concinere atque isti miserae lachrymabile carmen, Quae periit sac vis virgula tacta ^sotis. O J ana, 6 facies, 6 pectus amabile duro Cyclopi, aut si quid durius orbis habet : Tenc ita non animos saltern potuisse propinquas Flectere ? nee demum flectere foemineos ? Nou fgnara mali, non hacc miserata jacentem est, Quam pia dicta aliis, tain fera facta suis ? Non potuit quondam cullam tarn culta movere ? Non rarae dotes, donaque magna Deiim ? Qualia vix uni tot contribuere puelhe ? Nee nisi perpaucis contribuere viris? Mitto ego, quid fidibus scivit, numerisque sonoris : Quid praestabat acu. pingeretaut calamo, Quis putct ? haec Arabum Chaldaica verba loquela) Junxerat, Hebranim scite idioma tenens. Nam Graio, sive Ausonio memorasse loquentem, Parvum erit : has alia; per loca culta sonant. Gall us item ct Thuscus sermo numerum auxerat Anglas : Si numeres linguas: bis quater una tulit. Invideat Stridon, se Pentaglotte ferendo Sancte sen ex, vicit nostra puella tribus. Quod si form oso veniens e corpore virtus Gratior est, nihil est nobile stemma comes ? A proavis pater huic titulos dedit online longo, Kegales mater, laeva per a^tra, dedit. His periit, nee spontc tumens, nee sponte tiaris Addita, sed Procerum noxa peregit opus. Hi se forte suis rationibus ut tueantur, Quid meruit pro tot sola puella luens? Ignovit victrix aliis, sine vulnere sceptrum Ablatum Janie, qua' Maria obtinuit. Huic non ignovit, tenerrc nee dura pepercit, Non consanguineie (tarn pia) nee gravidae. Janam aetas, genus, et sexus, Procerumque reatus, Quicquid erat, culpa solvere debuerant. Nee tamen baec Maria? potucrunt omnia sensus Flectere : cervices quo minus ilia daret (Proh dolor) albentes gladio generosa secandas, Intrepide indignam passa virago necem. Qualis Achilleo mactata Polvxena busto, Dedecus immanis juge Neoptolemi. Aut nimis ultricem qua* placatura Dianam, Proxima jam cultris Iphigenia stetit. Turba dedit lachrymas .spectatum eftusa : decori Ilia memor, moriens lumina sicca tulit. Oraque tranquillo vultu suavissima pandens, Verba dedit duras apta monere feras. Me miserum : nequeo ulterius, nam caetera fletus Occupat. lieu! tragicis Jana canenda modis. Ah ! Maria immitis, tluvioque pianda noveno, Par erat hoc saltern sanguine pura fores." These verses will probably, from their subject, be found quite sufficiently interesting to justify their being reprinted in " N. & Q." John IIoskyxs-Abrahall, Jux. Combe, near Woodstock. SPANISH ARMADA: " ZABRAS," ETC. (3rd S. xii. 331.) • ZambraSy in the MS. cited by your correspon- dent, is evidently a mistake for the Spanish term zabras — in Italian also zabras, in Portuguese zav- ras — vessels repeatedly mentioned by old writers vague. and sometimes as fishing boats, and for the car- riage of merchandise ; but concerning whose dis- tinctive characteristics, the information that has come down. to us appears to be but scanty and According to one account, there were in the " Invincible Armada" thirteen armed zabras: the largest, the u Santiago/' being of the burthen of GOO Italian tons (botti), and carrying 60 soldiers, 40 sailors, and 19 guns; and the two smallest being of \ (id botti, and carrying respectively 55 and 50 soldiers, 72 and 57 sailors, and 14 and 13 guns. (See Relat. vera deW Armata, tradotta di Spagnolo in Italiano, Roma, 1588.) On the other hand, in the " MS. Relacion de las naos, galeras, etc., que se aya de hazer la Jornada de Ingala- terra" (1588), equally relating to the Armada, zabras are enumerated among the small vessels that would be required for the transport of pro- visions, ammunition, horses, mules, &c. : 44 De navios pequenos, saetias, corchapines, caravelas, zabras, pataches y mixerigueras, se baze cuenta que seran men ester, para llevar en el las bastimentos y municiones, cavallos, acemilas y otras diversas cosas, 320." — Jal, Glossaire nautique, 1815. A Spanish friend has suggested to me that the word zabra may be of Arabic origin, but at pre- sent I see no sufficient reason for supposing so. Father Larramendi, by birth a Basque, and whose hobby it was to trace words to his native lan- guage, does so in the present instance ; and, con- sidering the maritime pursuits of his countrymen, with some show of probability. JIe defines the zabra as a small frayata, and gives as its Latin equiva- lent myoparo (Larramendi, Diccionario trilingue} 1745). Now, Jal states that the frayata was the smallest of the galley family ; and Ducange (ed. 1845) describes the myoparo as a long and narrow craft, patronised by pirates. Perhaps we shall not be wrong in supposing the zabra to have been of a similar sbape. With regard to the other word vcrcas, quoted by your correspondent, I can only conjecture that it may be a slip of the pen for varcas, or possibly varcos ; which, as every student who has paid attention to Spanish spelling knows, are the same words as barcas and barcos. The former term would probably mean boats like the " long-boats'' attached to ships; and the latter, small vessels of the dimensions usual in coasting craft. John W. Bone. thud. (3rd S. xii. 460.) This is no new word. If it is not given in some dictionaries, that is their fault. It is probably a word of great antiquity, expressing a peculiar sound in a very marked manner. It is an unpleasant and dissonant word, because it is used to express an in those languages, sometimes as armed for war, unpleasant sound, the sound of a blow on a soft i 4* S. 1. Jan. 11, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 35 substance. So also shriek, stridulous, &c, are harsh words ; and the word obstreperous in Beattie's Minstrel has been objected to as hurting the ear which it is, of course, intended to do. I suspect thud to be closely connected with the root of the Latin tundo ; at any rate, Mr. Wedgwood's Dic- tionary does give the word, with the following quotation from Gawain Douglas's Virgil : " Lyk the blak thud of awful thunderis blast." Compare the words din, O. E. dun (to make a loud heavy noise), drone, thunder, &c. I cannot but think that any one, who will read over Mr. Wedgwood's Preface to his Etymological Die- tionary, will acquire a respect for some of these ugly words, as explaining much that cannot be explained otherwise. I am astonished to find that so valuable a book seems so little known and so little consulted. It is a common thing for writers to draw attention to the peculiar power of certain combinations of letters to represent certain pectdiar sounds, as if such an idea was quite novel, and had never been thoroughly worked out (as in his volumes) with discrimination and success. But Mr. Wedgwood's is by no means the only dictionary that gives it It will be found in Ogilvie's Imperial Dictionary, and in Jainieson's Scottish Dictionary (with five or more quotations). Jamieson compares with it the Icelandic thytr; and it is certainly found in Anglo-Saxon, in the form of thoden, in the sense of a loud din, espe- cially that made by a tempest or whirlwind. The references for its use in Anglo-Saxon are chap. ix. of Somner's edition of yElfric's Grammar, and jElfred's translation of Gregory's Pastoral. If anyone is to be blamed for using the word, the blame ought rather to fall on our good King Alfred than on a modern novelist. Cambridge. Walteu W. Skeat. This is by no means a new word, having been in use to my certain knowledge for upwards of forty years. It has also found its way irtto Haiti well's Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, where it is thus described : — "Thud. A heavy blow, or the sound which it emits. The stroke of a sledge-hammer against the wall of a house is of that kind.— North." Having heard many thuds in my time, I think the word a very expressive one, and should feel at a loss for any other word to convey the same meaning. I have not been able to meet with any probable derivation. The word thunge is used when the sound of the blow becomes louder. T. T. \V. It is a mistake to say that the word thud " has Dr. ji amieson s Dictionary of any dictionary." In it is given, first, as a substantive noun ; second, as a neuter verb; and, third, as an active verb. There are several definitions mentioned, which may be epitomised thus : that as a substantive, it is " a stroke causing a blunt and hollow sound " ; and that consequently, as an active verb, it means u to strike with impetuosity " ; while, as a neuter verb, it means " to move with velocity." I allow to your correspondent that it is not an elegant word, though " ugly " is rather severe ; and, at any rate, it is expressive as indicating sense by sound. G. Edinburgh. Mr. Gaspet is totally wrong in stating that the word thud has not yet found its way into any dictionary. I could give him a list of at least half a dozen in which it appears. For its inventor he must go back as far as the writings of Gavin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld. So far from being an ugly word, it is one of the most expressive in our language, and one which I challenge him to render correctly by any amount of circumlocution. It describes a sound, and its use is well exemplified in an account of the late lire in the Hay market, where among other noises is enumerated the thud thud of the engines. George Vere Irving. HOUR-GLASSES IN PULPITS. (3rd S. xii. 610.) Mr. J. Manuel quotes a passage which de- clares that the Queen has had a sand-glass fixed to the pulpit in the Chapel 1 loyal of the Savoy, as a hint to the officiating clergyman for the regulation of the length of his sermon. This announcement recalls to my memory a visit I paid to the church of Sacombe, a few miles from the county town of Hertford, February 3, 18(34. Be- fore the church was restored, there was an old hour-glass frame fixed to the side of the pulpit, which had come down from the times of the Commonwealth or thereabout. Surely this was an interesting relic of antiquity; but, as another in- stance of the care with which relics of antiquity are preserved, and replaced by those who restore churches, instead of being fixed to the new oak pulpit, where it ought to have been, as it would have been in nobody's way — and where it would have been, by stewards more faithful to their trust — it was thrust into a closet in the vestry, where I saw it. I made a sketch of the object, which is now before me. I may describe this object as a piece of iron rod^ about an inch in diameter near the bottom. Some four inches of the lower end is hammered fiat, and is pierced with three holes for screws to fix it. For three 36 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S.I. Jan. 11/68. feet up it is octagonal in section and diminishing in size, then a knob, and the last foot or so is twisted. About eight inches below the knob, the stem is clipped by a moveable square link, fixed, by a pin through its ends and through the stem. This apparently was the upper fastening. From the top of the rod spring, outwards or horizon- tally, four branches of iron about as thick as a large quill, to the distance of a finger's length ; whicli then turn straight upwards by a right angle some five inches more, and their ends are riveted or welded to an iron ring. Thus it will be understood, if I have made my description clear, that a sort of open basin or cage is formed, in which the sand-glass could be dropped. I believe that these objects are very rarely to be met with in the present day, and their very rare- ness ought to claim some respect for this one. I have several times intended to draw the attention of the public to this act of neglect through the medium of u N. & Q.," but I now make an effort to do it without further delay. It ought to be replaced. F. Hutchinson. JUNIUS: SIR PHILIP FRANCIS ( Qrd S. xii. GOG, 507.) Your revival of the Francisco-Junius question; in connection with the recently-published Me- moirs of Sir Philip Francis, tempts me to say a few words on the subject. After closely examin- ing the two elaborate volumes which bear the names of Mr. Joseph Parkes and Mr. Herman Merivale, I find that though they contain much that is new and interesting in support of the Franciscan theory, they fail to afford the positive identification which the late Mr. Parkes liad for some years past led me and other friends to ex- pect. I cannot help thinking, therefore, that some of his materials must have been overlooked ; at any rate I know that he intended to avail himself of the communication I made to the public in my preface to the fifth part of the Bib- liographer's Manual, dated January, 18G0, and which occasioned a smart and useful controversy in The Athenccum of Feb. 25 and March 3, 10, 17, and 24 of the same year. Mr. Parkes was very much struck with the discovery of such a nest of political papers relating to the Junius period as is therein recorded, especially the tenth letter of Lu- cius ; and he frequently inquired as to the probabi- lity of their coming into my possession, seeing how large a sum I had offered for them. Notwith- standing the editor's silence on the subject, my conviction remains unchanged that the secret wiil be found in those, papers, and that the Earl of Iloldernesse was one of the principal channels by which Francis obtained such sudden information from the court. Another item which I think deserved a passing mention in these volumes is, the minute and laborious Anah/sis of Junius, drawn up by the late Sir Harris Nicolas, and which I parted with to Mr. Parkes after giving a full specimen of it in my edition of Junius, published in 1850. Al- though the analysis leads to no definite result, it is very useful to inquirers. And I may add, that there are many observations and notes in Mr. Wade's essay prefixed to the second volume of my Junius which might have been usefully quoted, as everything known at the time connecting Francis with Junius is there adduced. It is a curious fact in the history of the Junius controversy that Mr. Parkes was for many years a decided anti-Franciscan. I first met him in 1825 at Ilatton Vicarage, where I was engaged on the papers and books of the late Dr. Parr, and there one day at dinner, in company with Mr. E. II. Barker (who compiled a volume against the Franciscan theory in 1827) and others, we had some animated discussion respecting the au- thorship of Junius, which happened to arise just then in consequence of a recent publication by Mr. Coventry advocating the claims of Viscount Sackville. Mr. Barker believed in Lloyd, which was Dr. Parr's recorded opinion ; I advocated Francis, being strongly impressed with the evi- dence which had some years previously been ad- duced by Mr. John Taylor; but Mr. Parkes, while setting up no hero of his own, was distinctly opposed to Francis. In later years, after Mr. Parke's removal from Birmingham to London, we had frequent conversations on the subject, and he for some time occasionally hinted that he had made an important discover)' in another direction, which be was working out ; but within the last fifteen years he gradually became a convert to the Franciscan theory, and besides obtaining the use of the Francis MSS. for evidence and his memoir of Sir Philip, he accumulated everything he could collect illustrative of his object, including much material, printed and manuscript, with which I had from time to time furnished him. Henry G. Boiin. As an old Pauline will you permit me to avail myself of your entertaining columns to point out an inaccuracy in Messrs. Parkes and Merivale's book, which Mr. Merivale may feel desirous to correct in future editions. In p. 5 the writer says : " In this narrative of Francis's obligations to tlie course of instruction in St. Paul's School, it is not irrelevant to add, that he acquired there a singularly line, legible, and facile handwriting, an accomplishment of a well-edu- cated gentleman, of the highest value to a youth. " It was not, therefore, to be wondered, that a century ago, the scholars, especially of St. Paul's and Christ's Hospital, were noted for their capital and uniform hand- writing." 4*S.I. Jan. 11/68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 37 Now I was entered on the Foundation of St. 1864. I have long cherished the intention of Paul's School at the beginning of the present cen- enlarging these facts and data to form a portion - - "■ ' of my Collections and Recollections, unon which I have* been some time engaged. By tne kindness of the representative of the family of Sir lxichard Phillips, I possess some of his papers, as well as In his tury, Dr. Roberts being the principal master, and I remained seven or eight years. During^ this period, and long after, there was no writing- school attached to the school. The hours of instruction were from seven in the morning, winter as well as summer. It com- menced with prayers, and ended at eleven also with prayers. In the afternoon we reassembled at one o'clock, and ended at four also with prayers. Whatever education in writing or arithmetic was afforded, was paid for by our several families. I went from eleven to twelve to Priest Court, Foster Lane, where I had the advantage of the instruction of that rare and beautiful calligraphist Mr. Tomkins, whose urbane and amiable manners endeared him to all who knew him. • 41, St. John's Wood Park. Richard Bentley. SIR RICHARD PHILLIPS. (3* S. xii. 394, 505.) Several inquiries which have appeared of late in "N. & Q. respecting my master and friend, Sir Richard Phillips, strengthen me in my per- suasion that a biography of this remarkable author and publisher would be interesting. I acted as his amanuensis for some few years ; and the respect he had for me, coupled with his estimate of my services, led to my becoming "a working author. ' Most men, when in their teens, and on the threshold of the world, have their attention at- tracted to the career of some one man whose conversation or pursuits influence their own future course ; and although the detractors of Sir Richard Phillips may say that I might have chosen a more methodical model, I do not hesitate to say that for such humble success as I have attained during the last fifty years, I owe more to my connection with Sir Richard Phillips than to any other man. I first met him at the dinner-table of my then master, an intelligent printer, at Dorking, in Sur- rey ; and, although I sat mute, as became an apprentice, I was an attentive listener to the con- versation of Sir Richard, who, by the way, was an excellent raconteur, and, moreover, was ad- mirable in the art of dictation. He would walk about his room by the hour, pouring out for my pen many a well -sustained narrative, which re- quired scarcely any correction in proof. Upon the death of Sir Richard at Brighton, April 2, 1840, I wrote iu the Literary World vol. iii. ) several recollections of rav master and riend (pp. 57, >(>, 102, 117, 130) ; and these re- collections I extended to a chapter in my Walks an!) Talks about London, published in December, notes of his long and eventful career, retirement, at Brighton, he commenced writing his Autobiography, in which he made consider- able progress ; but, from circumstances which need not be here explained, this MS. has been destroyed — at least, such is my belief. Although I am not vain enough to expect that what I shall write will meet the expectations of your corre- spondents, it shall be truthful ; and I am not unmindful that, of men's actions in this world " The good is oft interred with their bones." I may perhaps be allowed to mention that, in the enlarged edition of my Curiosities of London just published, frequent reference is made to the career of Sir Richard Phillips : for he was a Londoner, and served a* one of its most intelli- gent sheriffs (1807-1808), and wrote a volume upon the duties of the oilice. He also formed the Sheriffs' Fund ; although, in ail that appeared lately in the journals, his name was not once mentioned as the originator of this benevolent fund, now of several thousands; and, in the lead- ing journal, he was named as Sir Robert Phillips in a notice of Lady Morgan's early life. As u more last words/' I would add, that the Recollections, to which 1 have presumed to refer, will include my intercourse with authors and publishers, and proprietors of public journals; mv lomr services: and incidental details of the production of one hundred and twenty volumes for that very multitudinous master — the public: whose good opinion I have ever striven to deserve by regard for il all that's good, and all that's fair." John Timbs. Gibb Baronetcy (3*S. xii. 274, 3G2, 421, 5:36.) Although a newspaper is hardly the proper place to discuss a question of private right, I cannot, as agent for Sir Duncan fiibb, leave wholly unnoticed the communication signed Anglo-Scotus, in your issue of 28th inst, the tone of which, I must say, is somewhat inconsistent with the professions of his being actuated solely by public motives. Axolo-Scotus is mistaken in claiming for the Sheriff Court of Chancery in Edinburgh exclusive jurisdiction in regard to titles of honour. Since its creation about twenty years ago, only one Scotch baronet has resorted to it for confirmation of his title under very special circumstances, and such a proceedure is never dreamt of by English baronets. In the course he has followed, and the steps he has taken to assume the title, Sir Duncan Gibb 38 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S.I. Jan. 11, '68. has acted under the very highest legal advice ; and as Anglo-Scotus is necessarily unaware of the evidence, filling several volumes, on which Sir Duncan relies, both in reference to the terms of Sir Henry Gibb's patent and his own propinquity, he cannot be in a position to form an opinion entitled to any weight. It is of course impossible to give the details of this evidence in your columns, and I can only say that it fully establishes Sir Duncan's right to Sir Henry Gibb's baronetcy, and that the only {mrties who can doubt this are those who have lad no opportunity of forming a proper judgment. Andrew Stein, W. S. and Parliamentary Agent. [We prefer, fur obvious reasons, to close this corre- spondence with this letter, and give Mr. Stein the benefit of the last word.— Ed. " N. & Q."] What becomes of Parish Registers ? (3rd S. xii. 500.) — What indeed ? I cau answer the question. Some are burnt through carelessness, because they are kept at the vicarage instead of in the iron safe in the vestry; some are allowed to rot from damp and mildew, because the vicar of the parish has forgotten the importance of the trust which he undertook when he was inducted ; some are destroyed as waste paper or parchment ; and some, as E. II. A. points out, are cut up by the curate's wife to make kettle-holders of. I made some strong' remarks on these subjects nine years ago (2nd S. vi. 402), to which I solicit a reference ; and I solicit a reference to p. 507 et seq., where Mr. T. P. Lanumead, Mr. \V. II. Hart, and the Rev. II. T. Ellacombe have some for- cible observations and a digest of the law. Now that new and extensive Kecord Offices are avail- able, and so much is done for the preservation of the archives of the realm, it does seem strange that those important documents, the parish regis- ters, are not taken more under the care of the government. Nine vicars out of every ten, in spite of their self-sufficiency, and nineteen church- wardens out of every twenty, by their ignorance and pig-headedness, are not tit to have the keep- ing of such books, as all experience has proved over and over again. These facts give strength to my argument when I declare that the old registers ought to be in better hands, and I wish some one connected with the government would take the matter up. P. Hutchinson. Your correspondent asks a very important ques- tion. That many of the old registers are disap- pearing, is unquestionable. I have myself copies of seven registers, the originals of which are not now to be found, nor are there transcripts of them up with his books and papers, and so lost. Many are lying in a damp and tattered state in the vestry, and seldom referred to. Is it not a reproach, that all the registers of the Dissenters, the Quakers, the foreign Pro- testant refugees, &c. &c, have been carefully bound and deposited by the government with the Regis- trar General at Somerset House, while the valu- able parochial registers of the kingdom are left to annual decay and loss. "Who will see to this? For many years Echo has answered, ""Who?" John S. Burn. Heulev. Cuddy (3* S. vii. 53 ; viii. 507.)— In connec- tion with this word, I may say that "cuddy-bat," for the slight blow or tap by which one boy chal- lenges another to fight, is known over a great part of Yorkshire. u Cuddy-cloth," too, for the napkin covering a baby's face when taken to christen, is familiar to me. "Cuddy" is the word for a bird, if it is only a little one, or small of its kind, and not of the hedge-sparrow particularly, if your correspondent Cuthbert Bede will pardon a correction. The smallest finger on the hand is called "cuddv-finger." A mother will say. on taking baby's u suck-thumb M out of its mouth, " Let its little cuddy-thumb alone." I can just remember making one in a party of juveniles bent on trespassing on the grounds of a certain old Quaker, for the purpose of seeing a foal, whose attention we invited by calling out, in a coaxing way, " Cuddy, cuddy, cuddy ! " " Neddy," for an ass, I take to be in general use, since it is as well known in these northern as in the midland and southern counties. (i Cuddv " is also a name associated with a scraping save-all disposition. "Ah likes to gan as near hand t' weav as ah can, but ah's nane a cuddy body ; " so a North Yorkshire person would sav. C. C. II. Beauty Unfortunate (3rd S. xi. 517.) — There is no necessity for the inference that Goethe took the idea from Calderon. It is at least as old as Juvenal, x. 293 : " Sed vctat optari faciem Lucretia qualein psa habuit, cupcret Rutihe Virginia gibb Accipere, atque suam Rutilai dare." um IIOWDEN. Family of Napoleon (3rd S. xi. 507.) — I saw, some years ago, a statement that the family of Napoleon had come originally into Italy from the Balearic Isles. When V was Envoy in Spain I was anxious to discover on what this supposition rested, as it was said that there were arms, borne by the Buonapartes, on an old palace at Palma. It is well known that there was considerable in the bishop's registry. Many old registers are j communication between the Balearic Isles and kept at the parsonage house ; and on the death of the incumbent are, too frequently I fear, mixed Italy, especially Pisa, in the fourteenth and fif- teenth centuries: witness the earthenware, of Srffra- 4* S. I. Jan. 11, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 39 cenic origin, imported into and improved in Italy, and called to this day Majolica. I was, however, never able to find anything confirming the state- ment to which I allude. Howden. Use of the Word "Party" (3rd S. iii. 427, 4G0; xii. 365, 424.) — The earliest use of this word in the sense of person with which I am ac- quainted occurs in the works of Sir Thomas More, about 1520. It occurs six times in the Book of Common Prayer (1559); in the Injunctions of Elizabeth (1559); in the Tempest, iii. 2; in the Primary Charge of the present Archbishop of Canterbury; and, I have little doubt, in many other places where "slang" would be out of the question. J. M. Cowper. Her (3rd S. xii. 401.)— The inquiry of C. as to the use of her in lieu of the genitive, is likely to revive the vexed question of the origin of the f8 in the case of female names. Were Danish as thoroughly studied in England as Anglo-Saxon is, the debate could scarcely have arisen. Nine hundred years ago an inhabitant of the North of England would have written — had he known the art of writing — Knud hans kaard, and Dagmar hennes kors, and when speaking, would have ab- breviated the two phrases thus: KnucTs kaard and Dagmar* s kors, meaning Canute's sword and Dagmar* 8 cross. The genitive 's of modern Eng- lish is simply an abbreviation of the Danish hans 3rd S. xii. p. 23— "A Lady's Wardrobe in 1622." " Note of Lady Elizabeth Morgan, late sister to Sir Nathaniel Rich, her wearing apparell," &c. W. E. Buckley. C. asks for examples, in old writers, of the use of her in lieu of a genitive feminine. Here is one, from the u History of the Curious-imperti- nent," in Shelton's Don Quixote, 1675 : — <; She also demanded of him his advice, touching the excuse they mi^lit make to Anselmo concerning her Mistress her wound." A. J. MUNBY. £> gevity of Lawyers r read before the Stai In (see their Journal, xxii. 337), Dr. Guy (now F.ll.S.) gives the following comparative state- rage Profeuion. Ave raze Age. Clergy Trade and Commerce Officers of the Royal Navy Lawyers . English Literature and Science Members of the Medical Profession Officers of the Army . The Fine Arts . Number of Cases averaged. 945 513 366 294 395 244 569 239 If these figures are to be relied upon, the legal profession is less favourable to life than the (his) after masculine, and of hennes (her) after I clerical, and more so than the medical professions. Saxon they ■eatly, and it is much to be regretted that our nglish philologists have hitherto directed their attention almost exclusively to the former. The patois still spoken by the common people between the Humber and the foot of the Gram- pians is full of Danicisms ; so much so, that when once driven by a shower into a public house in a village near Leeds, where a party of clothiers were in noisy confab, it required an effort to con- vince myself that I was not in the midst of a knot of peasants in a krog in South Jutland. Orris. The title of a work by Sir John Conway, which is noticed in Brydgea' Censura Litcraria, vi. 280 (first ed.), supplies an instance of this usage of the word her But as the source from which they are drawn is the obituaries of the Annual Register, they are of very slight authority. It will be seen that the number of cases of lawyers and medical men averaged is very small as compared with that of the clergy. In another calculation, Dr. Guy took only "the more eminent members " of the three learned pro- fessions, which reversed the order of longevity : — 174 eminent medical men died at an average age of G7; 137 eminent lawyers, at 66 £ ; and 902 eminent clergymen, at 06$ ; leading to the in- ference (which, it does not follow, is a sound one) [>** • " Meditations and Praiers, gathered out of the sacred letters and vertuous writers : disposed in fourme of the Alphabet of the Queene, her most excellent Majcstie's name." London : H. Wykes. N. d. 8vo. In the reprint by V. Sims, 1611, 12mo, in which the compliment is transferred from the deceased queen to a living princess, the Lady Elizabeth, eldest daughter to King James, the form is altered, being " the Lady Elizabeth's name." Another instance will ha found in " N * O " that high professional distinction is accompanied by some curtailment of life. I believe that lawyers live at least as long as men of any other profession. Among other causes, I think their annual observance of the long vaca- tion is eminently conducive to long life. Job J. B. Workard. Temple. Matiiew Family (3rd S. xii. 433.) — I do not find any liicfiard Matthew in the list of generals of the arrpy given in Haydn's Book of Dignities. Edward Matthew appears as created general Jan. 20, 1797. He died m 1805, and consequently was not murdered by Tippoo Saib. Is this the person meant ? P. W. Trepolpen. 40 NOTES AND QUEKIES. [4* S.I. Jan. 11, '68. Dr. Wolcot (3'd S. xii. 39,94, 151, 235, &c.) In the Appendix to his Traditions and Recollections (182G), the Rev. Richard Folwhele says — "I will lure add (what I was not sure of before) that Dr. VV. was ordained botli deacon and priest by the Bishop of London. The letters of ordination are now in the hands of his relation Mrs. Giddy, of Penzance, relict of that worthy man Mr. Thomas Giddy, of whom a me- moir has lately appeared in the Gentleman s Magazine." P. W. TltErOLPEN. Boulanger died Tom Paine (3rd S. xii. 503.) in 1759. The preface to Le Christianismc Devoilt is dated "Paris, le4 Mai, 1758. " It was written by the Baron d' Holbach, who, being rich enough to have his books printed abroad, and prudent enough not to bring himself under the law by avowing them, used Boulanger's name for this, and Mira- baud's for his Sysieme de la Nature. Le Chris- tianisine Devoile is a loose, declamatory, atheistic book, well written, and of no great power, but not " a miserable performance/ ' I do not think it contains anything which could be called a u witticism." Certainly it is free from ribaldry : Holbach was a gentleman. Paine's " witticisms " are his weakest part : they are poor, vulgar, and often pointless, but I believe original. Had ho possessed a disposition to steal, and taste to select, lie might have found abundance of wit in writers of views similar to his own. Two non-religious authors writing on the within same subject thirty years of each other, are almost sure to have resemblances, but I see no " suspicious v likeness between Holbach and Paine. See Biographie Gincrale, arts. "Holbach " and " Boulanger," and Brunet, Manuel du Librairc, t. i. p. 1171, and t. iii. pp. 251 and 1730. A translation of Le Christ ianisme Dcvoild, by W. M. Johnson, was published by R. Carlile in 1819. I send a scrap from the " Editor's Pre- face : "— "This publication bears a conspicuous rank among those works whose free and independent sentiments have introduced a happy change in the public mind, and con- curred with the writings of Mably, Rousseau, Raynal, and Voltaire in bringing forward the French Revolution ; a revolution which will probably prove the harbinger of the complete triumph of reason. Persecutions and wars will then cease for ever through the civilized world." The prediction does not seem likely to be ful- filled in our time. When it is, I hope some future correspondent will " make a note of it" for our successors. FiTznorxiNS. Gar rick Club. Sir James Wood's Regiment (3rd S. xi. 314.) — It may, perhaps, be too late for G.'s pur- pose, but I find that Sir James Wood (who had previously been in the Dutch service) commanded the Scotch Fusiliers, now the 21st Royal North British Fusiliers, from March 9, 17:?^, to May 18, 1738, when he died, and was succeeded on Nov. 1, 1738, by Colonel J. Campbell. D. II. Marriage op Women to Men (3rd S. xii. 501.) I am inclined to think that the announcements which offend the sense of propriety of L. K. imply nothing more than that the bridegroom thought he was performing an act of courtesy to the other party to the contract by causing her name to be placed first in the announcements of it. Jon J. B. Workard. Homeric Traditions (3rd S. xii. 372, 533.)— I am not at all u uneasy " because Sophocles ascribes to Ajax the preservation of the Greek fleet by fire, while our Iliad ascribes it to Patroclus. This is mere misrepresentation. Instead of being " un- easy/' I am perfectly satisfied that Sophocles, Ovid, and Lucilius are higher authorities regard- ing Homeric traditions than Antimachus of Colo- phon. Thos. L'Estrange. li Comparisons are Odious " (3rd S. xii. 278, 470.) — See Bojardo, Orlando Innamorato, c. vi. 4, rifatto da Berni, Milano, 180(3, " ma le compara- zion son tutte odiose.1' In the real Bojardo, edited by Panizzi, 1833, the first four stanzas of canto vi. do not occur. Juxta Turrim. Brush or Pencil (3rd S. xii. 110, 300, 418.) The following quotation from W. Rossetti's Fine Art, recently published, p. 112, appears to be apropos of this subject : •'Actual resemblance in method there is none what- ever. The Frenchman (C. Courbet) is the roughest of the rough; the Englishmen (the Prneraphaelites) the most exquisite of the elaborate. The first paints with a scrubbing^ brush clotted with coarse paint and chalk-grits ; the second with a Jine camels hair dipped in the choicest and purest tints of the palette." George Vere Irving. Religious Sects (3rd S. xii. 343.) — This curious list has already, I think, appeared in some papers. It may need some explanation, that the designa- tions are often not names, but descriptions under which a particular congregation is registered. This is certainly the case with regard to the longest in the list, in which, too, the omission of the little word u its " alters much or most of the meaning. " Protestants adhering to Articles of Church of England, 1 to 18 inclusive, but rejecting Order and Ritual/' should be u rejecting its order and ritual " ; that is, the order and ritual of the Church of England, and not all order or order in general. It sets forth in fact the common ground taken by the old Nonconformists of 1G89, who adhered to the doctrinal articles of the Church of England, but not to its order and ritual ; for unless these were rejected, they could not have been Noncon- formists at all. This description in registration was, I know, | used as to Duke Street Chapel, Westminster, which up to that time had been an Episcopal Proprietary Chapel ; and when it ceased so to be, this was shown in the registration. When the 4* S. 1. Jan. It, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 41 • • site of this chapel was wanted for public offices, and notice of its demolition was given, the con- gregation used the same description in connection with their new location in Queen's Road, Bays- water. I think that in some other cases the registration has, in the list, been copied loosely or incorrectly. Ljilius. St. Osbkrn (3* S. xii. 462.)— I do not think there is any British saint of the name of Osbern ; but I speak with much diffidence, as our lists do not seem to be by any means complete. The derivation suggested for the name Closeburn may still be true. Osbern was formerly a common name, e.y Asbiorn [Osbern], the jarl, was slain in battle a.d. 871.— Sax. Chron. ed. Thorpe, 138-139. Asbiorn [Osbern], the jarl, came a.d. 1079, along with the three sons of King Svein, to plunder Yorkshire.— Ibid. 342-34.3. Karl Si ward had a son named Osbern. In 1054 this Earl, with a large army and a force of ships, invaded Scotland and routed Macbeth. He carried oft'great booty, but his son Osbern, his sister's son Siward, and others, were killed, ' on pone dtvg Sept em Dormientium, t. e. July 27.— Ibid. 322. Osbert, or Osbern, a Norman, became Bishop of Exeter in 1074. He died 1 I03.-Godwin, Cat. of Bishops, ed. 1G01, p. 322. Among the Pleas on the Octave of St. John Baptist [July 1 J in the first year of John [1199 J, was one be- tween Philip, the son of Osbern, and the prior of Her- mondsey, concerning fourteen acres of land in Kedhirheia, co. Surrey. — But. Cur. Begis, i. 424. Edward Peacock. Heraldic Queries: Acciaiuoli, Giustiniani (3rd S. xii. 401.)— A. D### will find the armorial insignia of these two families depicted on the first pa^e of the genealogy of each, as given by Pompeo Litta in his well-known work containing the his- tory of several among the great Italian families. NOELL RADECLIPFE. Venice in 1848-49 (3* S. xii. 414.)— The fol- lowing list of writings on the defence of Venice, in Italian, English, French, and German, will answer K. B.'s Query : 1. Delia difesa di Venezia. F. Carrano. Genova, 1800. 2. Montanelli, Memurie. 3. Beminiscenze di A. Giustiniam. 4. Captain Maffei's description. 6. Count Comello's do. G. (Jerlin (Manin's Secretary), written from day to day. 7. Daniel Manin's manuscript notes. Daniel e Manin, by II. Castille. 19. Manin itVItalie, bvC.L.Chassin (afaithful narrative.) Daniel Manin, par Henri Martin. Souvenir de Manin, par Ernest Le Gouv<5. 12. Etude stir Manin, par Felix Mornand. 13. Journal de M. Le Consul Vasseur. 14 8. 9. 10. II. 15. I/istoire des Revolutions et des Guerres d^Italie, par le (ie'neral IVpe'. Guerre de V 1 ndpendance Italienne, par le Ge'ne'ral Ulloa. 1G. Histoire de la Bepublique de Venise sous Manin, par A. de la Forge. 17. 18. 19. 20. Bicordi di Degli Antoni, Venice, the City of the Sea, by Edmund Flagg (very interesting). Correspondence respecting the Affairs of Italy, by Sir R. Abercrombv. Articles by a German Eye-witness (4< Gazette d'AugS- UOUrg.") r. a. l. Arms of Foundling Hospital (3rd S. xii. 228.) — I find that these arms are parodied from those of the city of Rome, which are, Azuro and vert with a wolf (the nurse of the twins) occupying' the centre of the shield, where Hogarth has placed the child! Thus Hogarth's design lacks origi- nality. The colours of the shield and the wolf (of his note) are all suggested by the arms of the Eternal City ! S. J. William Bridge (3rJ S. xii. 318.) — As my friend's house is closed for the winter, and he is " off and away," I cannot give the arms wanted by C. J. P. I have, however, no doubt that they are those of Cole the printer, and not those of Bridge. If Mr. B. was an Independent, why is his portrait preserved at the Unitarian Chapel in Yarmouth ? S. Jackson. Gibbon's House at Lausanne (3rd S. x. 485.) The old proverb of " many a slip between the cup and the lip " has been verified. The house will not be pulled down, the theatre will not be built, as stated in my former note. The proprietors of an adjacent property (a literary club) refuse to sell, and " Gibbon's House " will remain as it is ! The Calvinistic Free Church has had influence enough to prevent a new theatre being erected ; and to that " unco guid " body and their active canvassing of the club we owe the preservation of the house of the free-thinking historian ! (tnira- bile diet ft .') I hear that the house has been let for a pension. J. II. Dixon. Bloody (3rd S. xii. 4G0.) — I think the origin of this vulgar and very revolting epithet may be very satisfactorily traced. It has unhappily too close a connexion with what is most sacred ; though not one in a thousand of those who use it is at all aware of this. Every one unhappily knows how prone our ancestors were to use the most horrible oaths, which I cannot bring myself to write. One of these, and perhaps the most common, was "By the Blood and Wounds" of our Blessed Redeemer. The latter word was made into an adjective wound;/ f and I remember its frequent occurrence as such in old songs, as u She sung so woundy sweet." "We need not then wonder if the word blood was with like profanity turned into the adjective blood;/, the use of which is now so prevalent with the lower classes, while the other has long gone into disuse. I think there can be no doubt that 42 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S.I. Jan. 11, '68. bloody is the remnant of an oath, like zounds and some other profane expressions. F. C. H. The Dutch word bloedig is used in much the same way as the English, as signifying excessive or difficult, as an adjective ; but never, I think, as an adverb qualifying an adjective. I have always understood that the English adverb bloody, which has simply an intensive power, has no con- nection with the word blood, but means very or greatly. I am unable to verify this just now, but perhaps the suggestion will provoke some further information from other correspondents. M. I am very glad so able a correspondent has stigmatised the disgusting use of this word. It seems to have succeeded woundy, a phrase still sometimes heard among the rustic classes — u woundy hard," a woundy hot," " woundy wet." The " blood and wounds " alluded to are those of the most sacred character, and the words were in olden times rather matters of solemn asseveration than The old-fashioned I am glad to see that A. A. reckless blasphemy. " zounds " was one form of corruption of wounds one need not allude to. it is fast going out of use. Poetic Hyperboles (3rd S. ix. 471.) — Spen- ser's — " Rome only might to Rome compared bee," reminds one of Virgil's — " Rerum pulcherrima Roma," which Thorvaldsen used to translate in writing, Roma, backwards Amor, as being, he said, syno- nymous. 1\ A. L. Scottish Legal Ballad (3rd S. xii. 484.) — The author was James Boswell, the biographer of Johnson. The ballad will be found in full in Chambers's Traditions of Edinburgh, and is called 4t The Court of Session Garland." It is also printed in a later publication containing other productions of the same general character, and bearing the same name as applicable to the whole. This is to be found in both of the Law Libraries in Edinburgh ; but to save your correspondent trouble I shall, so soon as this reply appears in your periodical, send addressed to "A. K., Post Office, Deer, Aberdeenshire," an envelope contain- ing the name and residence of a gentleman in Aberdeen, who I know has a copy of this later book, which I suppose he will readily show to any applicant. I cannot agree with A. R. in his apparent esti- mate of the merits of the ballad. It seems to me to be no better than a kind of refined doggrel, with a few, very few, humorous touches. Lord Pitfour was not only a Lord of Justiciary, but was also a Lord of Session ; and your corre- spondent should have known that he must have held the latter judgeship to entitle him to the former, though the reverse is not the case. Lord Pitfour left two sons, viz. James, who entered the Faculty of Advocates, but never prac- tised, and who long represented Aberdeenshire in Parliament ; and the other, usually called " the Governor," was at one time Governor of one of the West India Islands. The father and sons, when in Edinburgh, occupied a very humble dwelling up two flights of a stair, in a tenement which fronts St. Giles's Cathedral. It still exists, and is known as " Pitfour's Land." The Governor died there. James, who never opened his mouth in Parlia- ment, was a great admirer and staunch supporter of Mr. Pitt. It is told (I think by Earl Stan- hope) that on one occasion, Mr. Pitt having risen to speak in the House of Commons, and a splendid oration from him being expected, a member, finding Mr. Ferguson at dinner in the kitchen of the House, told him to make haste, as Mr. Pitt had begun. "Not a bit," said Ferguson ; "Mr. Pitt would not leave his dinner to hear ?ne" This being told Mr. Pitt, he said : " Well, I rather think I would." G. Govett Family (3rd S. xii. 207, 274.) — The branch of the Govett family I knew, resided at Staines, Middlesex. Mr. Govett was vicar the many years, where most of his children were born. He married the eldest daughter of the Rev. Dr. Romaine of Reading. He had another daughter married, but I believe had no children. Dr. Romaine left a large fortune, which the Govetts inherited. The eldest son took the name of Romaine after his grandfather, and perhaps the Ven. Archdeacon Govett is one of this family. Most likely they were related to the Tiverton branch. A Mr. Govett has been doing the duty in our parish some time back. Julia R. Bockett. Bradney, near Heading. Bisnop Andrewes' Bequests (3rd S. xii. 393.) In MaskelTs History of Allhalloivs Barking, \>. 1G7, there is an extract from Bishop Andrewes' will, giving 20/. to each of the parishes of Allhallows Barking, where he was born, and St. Saviour, South wark, where he lies buried; also 10/. to other city parishes. All the bishop's bequests are now administered by trustees under the Charity Commissioners. In the scheme of the commis- sioners the spirit rather than the express terms of the will is adhered to, and in the administration of these bequests the trustees are under no obli- gation to obey the testament to the letter, espe- cially in regard to the parishes in the city of Lon- don. I may mention, in passing, that the Andrewes family were eminent benefactors to Barking parish, bequests from the bishop's father Thomas, his mother Joan, and brother John being found in the list of " Benefactions and Charities " suspended in the lobby of the church, and duly recorded in the volume already referred to. Juxta Turrim. 4* S.I. Jan. 11, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 43 ToCQTJE I have before me an engraving by Wille, after L. Tocqu^ (not Le Tocque) representing Charles Edward as Prince of Wales, in armour, with a white necktie, the ribbon of the Order of the Garter round his neck, the star of the order on his ermined cloak, but without the hand or helmet. Beneath are the words a Carolus, Walliae Princeps," &c. And in the middle of the inscription are the badge of the Prince of Wales, the three ostrich feathers, and li Ich dien ; v underneath the arms of Great given to the world ; indeed it was chiefly owing to Lord Byron's recommendation that Coleridge at length did publish it. The irregular structure of the Lay of tlie Last Minstrel (published 1805) was suggested to Sir Walter by Christabel, the music of which seems to have had a great charm for the mighty minstrel's ear. Jonathan BorcHiER. Mr. W. J. Bernhard Smith is perhaps too hasty in giving up his theory if the publication of the Bridal of Triermain preceded that of Christa- Britain, and above the regal crown, a helmet M If Chri*tabel was not published till 1816, it with the prince s coronet surmounted by a lion was in ex5stence in MS and known by Coleridge's rampant. At the bottom of the print, wh ich is friends and /among them) Sir Walter Scott long French, is written— " Peint par L. Toequ<5, 1/48 ' - - v- &- • J - - ~- -- D et grav6 par J. G. Wille en la meme ann^e." P. A. L. P.S. There is a fine full-length portrait of Queen Marie Leczinska, by L. Tocqu£, in the before that date. In Historical Museum, Chateau de Versailles. Matthew Bacon (3rd S. xii. p. 460.) answer to a query in " N. & Q." of December 7 inst, I can furnish the following particulars as to Matthew Bacon, the author of Bacon's Abridge- ment, who was the uncle of my grandmother ex parte paternd. Matthew Bacon was the second son of Edward Bacon of Rathkenny, in thecounty of Tipperary, and was born, according to a pedi- ♦gree in my possession, in 1702. Matthew was the grandson of Edward Bacon, an officer in Crom well's army, who settled in Tipperary, and obtained the lands of Rathkenny, portion of which are now in my possession, derived from my grandmother, Elizabeth Hemphill, otherwise Bacon. Matthew appears to have settled in Lon- don verv early in life, became a member of the Middle T pie, and died sine prole. I have always understood that the late Mr. Hargrave got posses- sion of manv of Matthew Bacon's MSS. and tracts. Mr. Basil Montagu was one of Mr. Hargrave's executors, and probably through this channel further information may be obtained. I should be glad if your correspondent, in return for this, would communicate any further particulars as to Matthew Bacon which may come to his knowledge. Matthew Bacon's name is mentioned in a deed of family settlement relating to the lands of Rath- kenny, dated April 21, 1731, the original of which I have among my title-deeds. Charles Hare Hemphill. 23, Merrion Square, Dublin. Coleridge's " Christabel" (3rd S. xii. 430.) Will you pardon my reminding you that although Coleridge did not publish his beautiful poem of Christabel until 1816, he had, nevertheless, written it many years before this period. The first part ho wrote* in 1797, the second in 1800. Sir Walter Scott and Lord Byron were both well acquainted with this truly imaginative work long ere it was I have heard Coleridge more than once refer to the versification of the L,ay of the Lad Minstrel having been suggested to Sir Walter bv his (Coleridge's) Christabel. I may notice that the horrible fascination impressed upon Christabel by the lofty lady is supposed or sug- gested to be the effect of the latter disclosing the pap under the arm with which witches are fur- nished, and at which a small devil is supposed to be usually sucking. J. H. C. Degrees op Consanguinity (3rd S. xii. 501.) The parties were probably first cousins : for these are in the fourth degree of consanguinity to each other, according to the computation of the civi- lians which prevails in Scotland. Job J. B. Workard. jBlitttTlmeaxii. NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. History of the French Revolution, by Hcinrich Von Sybel, Professor of History in the University of Bonn. Tran* l/ited from the Third Edition of the Original Ger- man Work by Walter C. Perry, Esq. (In Four Volumes.) Vols. I. and II. (Murray.) A calm, dispassionate, well-considered History of the French Revolution, free alike from extravagant eulogy or unmitigated censure, cannot fail to be welcomed by all who desire to study the great historical drama which is still developing before our eves, and of which the world has not yet seen the catastrophe. Professor Sybel had peculiar facilities for the preparation of such a work ; for not only has he had the one great advantage of studying the subject from the German point of view almost all the German archives, more particularly those of Coburg and Prussia, having been placed at his free disposal— but the records of our own Foreign Office ; and, lastly, through the favour of the Emperor of the French, he was enabled with grateful satisfaction to supplement from French documents the knowledge obtained through German sources. The result is a book which has ob- tained so distinguished a reputation in Germany as to render it unnecessary for Mr. Perry to offer any apology for presenting it to the English public. When we add that the translation has been made at Bonn under the eye of the author, who has enlarged and improved some portions of it in accordance with fresh information, we feel we have done enough to commend these important historical volumes to English readers. 44 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4* S. I. Jan. 11, '68. ■W* The Iliad of Homer rendered into English Blank Verse. To which are appended Translations of Poems y Ancient and Modern. By Edward, Karl of Derby. In Two Volumes, Sixth Edition. (Murray.) A new translation of Homer, and reaching a sixth edition in three years! What is the secret of such suc- cess ? Twofold, we think. " Why it is literal ! " said a youthful critic fresh from a public school on taking up and reading a page or two from the copy before us. That is the first. The second is, that Lord Derby has so suc- cessfully preserved " the majestic simplicity of the grand old poet," and his heroic blank verse flows so naturally, that the poem reads not like a translation, but with the freshness of an original work. A Descriptive Catalogue of Friend*' Boohs, or Books written by Members of the Society of Friends, commonly called Quakers, from their first Rise to the present Time; interspersed with Critical Remarks and occasional Biographical Notices, and including all Writings by Authors before joining, and by those after having left the Society, whether adverse or not, as far as known. By Joseph Smith. In two volumes. (Mnith, 2, Oxford Street, Whitechapel.) Twentv vears since it occurred to the author, the well- known Quaker bookseller, that it would be a good thing to compile a Catalogue of Friends' Books, on the principle of that published by John Whiting in 1708, and which has lone: been verv scarce. For twentv vears has he busied himself this way, using for his purpose not only his own constantly varying stock, the Libraries of the British Museum and Sion College, but also the two Libraries especially rich in such books, namely, the two belonging to the Society under the care of the Meeting for Suffer- ings in London. Various literary members of his own religious body have also rendered him great [assistance, and it is therefore perhaps not much to be wondered at that he should have produced a work apparently so complete and exhaustive as we believe the present will be found. The Catalogue occupies two thousand pages, and as the books are very carefully described, and the author has added in innumerable instances biographical notices of their writers, the book may fairly be pro- nounced one alike creditable to the compiler aud useful to the bibliographer. English Heraldry. By Charles Boutell, M.A. With Four Hundred and Fifty Illustrations, drawn and engraved on Wood by Mr. R. B. Utting. (Cassell.) To judge from the number of heraldic books published of late years, the study of heraldry must be spreadin among us. Mr. Boutell has already published one very useful book upon the subject. The present, which is admirably illustrated, well arranged, and fully indexed, forms a capital handbook of the science. The Lambkth Library continues to be the subject of correspondence in The Times— the writers agreeing only on one point, namely, in utterly disregarding the intentions of the pious and learned founders. By them the library was left to Lambeth for " the service of God and his Church, and of the Kings and Commonwealth of this Realm"; and we may rest assured that the right feeling of the Primate and the Ecclesiastical Commis- sioners will devise some satisfactory solution of the present difficulty, with the assistance of Parliament, if any amendment of the recent Act should be found necessary. While on the subject of Libraries, we arc glad to an- nounce the progress making in two of the most interesting special libraries in the metropolis. That of the Society of Antiquaries, which is peculiarly rich in topographical and archaeological books, has increased so largely within cr the last few years, that it has been determined to issue a new Hand Catalogue of them; while the Library of the Institute of Architects has been so largely increased by the voluntary subscription of the Members — the Pre- sident, Mr. Tite, heading the list with the munificent donation of 5007.— that it now contains the finest collec- tion of architectural works hi England. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. Particulars of price, Ac, of the following Books to be sent direct to the geutlemen by whom it is required* whose names and address are given for that purpose: — A Collection of Letters on Govhrkmint, Liberty, and thi Con- stitution. 3 or 4 Vols. 1774. Almon. A Collection of most intsrbstino Political Lettfhs, pi blishbd in 1763. 4 vols. Almon. A Collection of iitiimio Political Tracts, 1761, 176% and 1766. 3 or 4 Vols. Almon, 1766. Vox Sin ATI's. 1771. Wilkes* Spincnr*. 3 Vols. The Expostulation: a Poem. Bingley, 1768. Junius discovered by P. T. '7»9. Reasons for rbjfctino thk Evidence of Mr. Almon. 1807. Narrativb of tub Lieb or a Obntlbman lo.no resident in India. 177*. The Irknarch; or, Justice of tbi Peace's Manual. 1774. Pearson's Political Dictionary. 8vo, 1792. Memoirs of J. T. Serres, Marinb Painter to His Majesty. 8V0. 1826. Tin Hoyal Riois?kr. 9 Vols. 12mo, 1780. Wanted by William J. Thorn* % h*a.% 40, St. George's Square, B«lgraveRoad,S.W. At juiKr's IIistory oe Wiltshire. Clottkrbuck*s History or Hertfordshire. 3 Vols. Notes and Queries. A complete set. Shai'Wei.l's Plays. 4 Vols. La Belle Assembles. A complete set. WoKPSWOMTh's Kcci BslASTIi AL Bl< ORAPIIY. 6V0U. GOOdCOpV. Kkskine on the Fhfbness OF TUB (fOSFEL. Goethe's Faust, translated by Lord Ellesmere. Uncle Tom's Cabin and Wyandotte; Bentley's Novels original edi- tions. Markham on Arcrerib. 12mo, 1604. Wanted by Mr. Thomas Beet, Bookseller. 15, Conduit Street. Bond Street. London, W. Milton's Paradisb Lost. John Sharpc, Piccalilly, 1816-23. Wanted by Mr. E. Watford, 27, Bouverie Street. Lifb and Deatu of William tub CoRQUKROR. By Samuel Clark. 4tO, 1671. Churchill's Collection of Voyaoes. Vol. III. Folio. Patrick Hume's Commentary on Milton. Folio. Wanted by Mr. John Wilson, 93, Great Russell Street, W.C. Morris's (Caxt.) Lyra Urbanica; or, Social Effusions. 2 Vols, oost 8vo. Montaigne's Essays, translated. K.moht's Quarterly Maoasinb. 3 Vols. 8 YO, 1823-4. Wanted by Mr. Henry Sugg, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. Hatitti ta €avvtipatilstixti. The Index to our last Volumb will be issued with our next week's number. Lambeth Liiihary and its Librarians. The conclusion of this ar» tide is unavoidably postponed until next week. Edith. Thirteen at meals un lucky. This s upert t it io n do ubtless refers to the Last Supper. R. W. Mackbneib. The lines on a " Woman's Will" have been dis- cussed in M N. & Q." 3rd 8. v. 300. Sir Samuel Juke, Mart., was a colonel in the army of Charles [., and* died at Somerset House in January, 1673. There is a Life of him in Dodd's Church History. An Antiquary will find the origin o,f the Dakeyn motto in * N.Jt Q." 1st S. x. 327,328. Erratum — 4th S. i. p. 3, col.ii. line 21 from bottom, for ** their appre- ciaiion," read " its appreciation." A Reading Case for holding the weekly Nos. of "N. * Q." is now ready, and maybe had of all Booksellers and Newsmen, price ls.tki,; or, free by post, direct from the publisher, for Is. Sd. ••• Cases for binding the volumes of •* N. 8t Q." may be had of the Publisher, and of all Booksellers and Newsmen. •'Notes and Queries'* is published at noon on Friday, and is aho issued in Monthly Parts. The Subscription for Stamped Copies for six Months forwarded direct from the Publisher (including the Half- yearly Index) is lis. id., which may be paid by Post Office Orders payable at the Strand Post Office, in favour of William O. Smith, 43, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C, where also all Communications for the Editor should be addressed. " Notes & Queries " if registered for transmission abroad. 4* S.I. Jan. 18, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 45 LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 18, 1868. CONTENTS. X«° o. judging, that, notwithstanding the many childish things it contains, the Acta Sanctorum is one of NOTES : — Laurence Beyerlinck, 45 — The Alliterative Ro- mances of Alexander, 47 — John Davidson of Hal tree, lb. Lambeth Library and its Librarians, 48 — Candle Super- stition—Ari>totle and Gulliver — Once — Land beyond the Sea— Newton and Pascal Controversy — Analysis of Brasses, Bronze, &c. — How an Edinburgh Riot was quelled in 1555, 40. QUERIES : — Craven of Spcrsholt Baronetcy, 52 — Joseph Addison— Baldwin's Plans of a Roman Temple — The Briekdust Man — Alexander Brodie — " Castruin Rotho- maui " — Christmas Carol — The Introduction of Culinary Vegetables into Enpland— Infantry : "II Penseroso" — Lots — Manuscript Treatise on Chronology — The Nati- vity and Massacre of the Innocents in Waxwork — Old Harry and Old Nick — MS. Pedigrees — St. Peter's Chair— Philosophy of Notation — James Smith — Height of our Chief Towns above Sea-level — " Weep not for the Dead," 53. Queries witii Answers : — Gillray's " French Invasion " — Gravelot — Portrait for Identification — Cuddy Hanks — The " Arfrenis," £e. of Barclay — Cohorts in Britain — Bull and Mouth — Latin Quotation, 56. RE PLIES : — Dorchester, co. Oxford, 57 — The Skyrack Oak, 58 — Charles I. at Oxford, 59 — Cinque Port Seals, 76.— Air-ras's Map of London — Duke of Roxburghe — Slant: Phrases : Feeder : Tick — Latin Roots — David Garriek — Greyhound — Cincindelae — A Philosophic Brute — Corsic, Corscy— French King's Badge and Motto — Gab— Ma- sonry — Espec — Grandy Needles — German -English Dic- tionary—Lunar Influence — Bishop Geddes, &c, t'.o. Notes on Books Ac. the most valuable historical collections in the world, yet how many of us know who wore its editors P To those few who can call the names of Bollandus, Jlenschenius, and the rest of them, to mind, it is to be feared the sounds connote names only, not men who lived, and whose hard- working lives are worth remembering. The Centuriatore* Magdeburgenses have fared even worse than the men of the Acta. The Romrn Catholic compilers are sometimes quoted by their names, and we are thereby compelled to remember that their books were not the result of machinery- ; but the Pro- testant historians have been buried beneath a noun of multitude, and are almost entirely for- gotten even by the few who consult their books. Biographical dictionaries are not quite fair tests of literary fame, because they have mostly been compiled by men who had letters, and then they flOtttf. LAURENCE BEYEKLINCK. The contempt with which many people think it becomes them to speak of those laborious per- sons who have compiled books of reference is at once amusing and painful. It is very funny to hear a man who would consider he had done a hard day's work if he had made a good index to a single number of Nate* and Queries, sneer at " mere compilers'' like Uodsworth or Dufresne, but it is sorrowful to remember that this vulgar prejudice has damped the ardour of many who otherwise might have done good service. Even in these days of archaeological fervour it requires some amount of courage for a man to devote him- self to any kind of historical investigation that is incapable of picturesque treatment, or that cannot be bent so as to seem to bear upon some of the political or religious controversies that till our newspapers. How often has one heard it said of some laborious student, u Yes, his work is all very well, but why in the world does a man of his abilities waste his time on such trivial mat- ters ? Why does he not write something that will A very good answer might be given to such silly talk, but courtesy rather requires silence, as these naturally come into our heads when we use the really great works of men whose names are almost unknown except to literary antiquaries. It will be admitted by every one who is capable of tell upon the cge in which he lives f Such thoughts nine sympathy with have also had Anthony A' Wood, Davie (in English too) and Nichols to >teal from ; but en taking such books as a test, in how many of them shall wo find notices of some You may gene- Roger of our most devoted workmen ? rally look in vain for Thomas Taylor, Dodsworth, Thomas Madox, or Thomas Hearne. In their places you have Cagliostro the Sicilian adventurer, Mesmer the German quack, perhaps even O'Brien the Irish giant, Daniel Lambert, and the living skeleton. Doubtless the frauds and fol- lies of the world should not pass without record. The man who lived without any flesh at all, and the man who weighed fifty stone, if they did exist as reported, were certainly interesting an- thropological studies ; but we would rather forget them than the men who have done so much to preserve or to make known our history. There are some of these industrious compilers that many of us who are well skilled in things antiquarian have never even heard of. A few years ago a mere accident threw in the writer's way a copy of a book called "Magnum Theatrum vita? humana? ; hoc est Kerum Divinarum Humanaruinque Syntagma Catholicum, Phi- losophicum, Historicum, Dogmaticum, Alphubetica [seric l'olvanthea* Vniversalis instar, in tomos octo digestum, A net ore Laurent io Beyerlinck, 1078." I had never heard of the book before. It was big — in eight large folios — and had a capital index : so, without knowing anything whatever about it or its author further than what the title- page told me, I purchased, and began diligently to examine it. This was not a pleasant matter at first, for the volumes had slept for upwards of fifty years in a German garret, and were, on their out- sides, as filthy as may be. They were, however, bound in oak boards, clad in good stamped pig- skin, so that I could wash them as easily and safely as a groom does a dirty saddle. 46 NOTES AND QU [4«> S. 1. Jan. 18, *C8. None of the bibliographical books I had within reach gave me any information about Laurence _f 7 .... stumble except Isla's History of Friar Gerund de Cam- pazas* even mentioned him. On examination I found the book to be really a vast cyclopa)dia of universal knowledge, or what passed for such in the seventeenth century. The subjects are ar- Emperor Maximilian I. gust 3, 1533. His mother was a sister of the noted printer Jean Oporin ; her first husband was Leonard Z winger, upelletier ou corroyeur," origin- ally of Bischof-Zell in the Turgow. Although a trader, he came of a good old family. Several of his ancestors had held important trusts, and his father had received letters of nobility from the ----- jje was tke author of ranged alphabetically, and there is an index filling many other works, as well as of this great com- the whole of the eighth volume. There is scarcely any thin ._ divine, known two hundred years ago, concerning which one may not find some curious information in its pages. If in some matters we go away without adding to our store of facts, we may, if we like, still have a good laugh over master Laurence's " abject " super- stitions— for he believed, as most decent, God- fearing men in those days did, in witches and warlocks, omens, presentiments, strangely featured devil*, and miraculously contorted births, and thoughts some people have done since that " The sounds on the earth, the si^ns in the sky, The tempest below, and the whirlwind on high/1 were portents of future judgments. The book is seldom met with in England. I have never seen it out of my own house but three times. There are copies of it in the British Museum and Bodleian libraries, and I once saw one in the shop of a bookseller who deals largely in old continental theology. The following particulars will therefore interest some of your readers. Although the later edi- tions of this compilation have Bey erlinck's name only on the title-page, he indeed the first author. not the sole, or Conrad AVoltVhart, or Lycosthenes, as he chose to translate himself, who was the son of Theobald Wolffhart by his wife Elizabeth, the sister of Conrad Kiirschner, or Pellican, as he persuaded people to call him, was born March 8, 1516, at Ituttach in Alsace, lie died at St. Leonard on March 25, 1507, and is buried in the church there. He was a well-known literary man in the six- teenth century, author, amongst other things, of that wonderful collection of strange stories called Prodlgiorum et Ostentorum Chronicon, published at Basel in 1557. This person laid the foundation of the Magnum Thcatrum by collecting the mate- rials from which his wife's son by her first mar- riage compiled the first edition.t This son-in-law was Theodore Zwinger, the physician, born Au- * Historia del farnoso predicador Fray Gerundio de Campazas .... Madrid. 1804. 8vo. Lib. II. c viii. sec.xii. p. 321. English Translation, 2 vols. 8vo. Dublin, 1772, vol. i. p. 267. The English version reflects the ori- ginal in a very mutilated form. There is an article on this work in the Retrospective Rev., vol. vi. p. 239. f Biog, Universelle, last ed., sub. now. " Lycosthenes " ; Niceron*s Memoires, 1735, vol. xxxi. p. 339, where his epitaph is given. pilation. The first edition of the Theatrum ap- peared in 1505, the second in 1571 ; other took place in 158G, 1590, and 1004. Laurence Beyerlinck was the son of Adrian Beyerlinck, an apothecary, and his wife Catherina van Eyck. The family were of Berg-op-Zoom, but Laurence was born at Antwerp in 1578. In earlv life he studied under the Jesuits at Louvain. lie afterwards became professor of. poetry and rhetoric in the College of Vaulx.* (Collegium Vaulxianum, vulgo Gandense). We are informed by Franc. Swertins, who was his friend, u mihi familiarissimus/' that he died June 22, 1027.t His epitaph, as given in the edition of the Mag- num Ilteatrum, published on 1078, says that his death took place on June 21. The version of which I here send a transcript, gives June 7 as the true date. He was buried beside his parents in the chapel of St. Thomas in Antwerp Cathedral. If the monument still exists, perhaps some reader^ of "N. & Q." will point out if there be any mistake in the followiug inscription. It differs in some other particulars, as well as the date, from the one in the Theatrum : — " Laukkntius Bkykrmxck, Antverp. natus, litterisque excultus, Lovanii Philosophiam & Theol. hausit. Ad Seminarii curam hue evocatus, Pnefuit & fecit bene. llujus JEdis Canonical, & Librorum Censor, Districtus primiim, Dein Urbis Archipresbyter, Necnon S. K. E. Prothonotarius, Tot muniis praeclare obitis, Concionibus, scriptis sacris <fc prophanis, Yitac innocentia atque in Deum pietate, Apud cives <fc exteros clarus, Obiit 7 Junii, m.d.c.xxvii. iEtatis xux.J I lis motto was, Currite, ut comprehendatis.§ The following list of Beyerlinck's writings is as complete as I can make it. It has been compiled after an examination of the books quoted above, the life in the first volume of the Tlieatrumy edit. 1078, and the catalogues of the library of the * Nouvelle Biog. Generate and Biog. Univ. sub. nom. t Athena Belgian, 1G28, p. 510. X Joh. Franc. Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica. Bruxelles, 2 vols. 4to, vol. ii. p. 804. § Pauli Freheri Theatrum virorum Eruditione clario- ruin, fol. 1688, vol. i. p. 437. 4*S.l. Jan. 18, '68. J NOTES AND QUERIES. 47 British Museum. The starred volumes (*) I have been unable to discover in the national library : " Apophthegmata Christianorum. 1608. 8vo. *Opus Chronologicum, ab anno 1570 usque ad ar. 1612, quod Chronici Opmeriani Auctarium est. 1612. fol. Promptuariura Morale super Evangelia Festorum anni totius. Item Commune Sanctorum Colonise, torn. iii. 1613, 1615. 1618, et 1625. 8vo. Tractatus Svnodicus, ad Synodum Dordracenam. 1619. 8vo. Examen Consilii Profectionis Marci Ant. de Dominis Archiepisc. Spalatensis. 1617. 8vo. ♦Parentalia in Funere Joannis Miriei Episcopi Ant- verpiensis. 1611. 8vo. Oratio in Funere Mattheae Hovii Mechl. Archiepiscopi. 1620. 4to. Orationes II. in Exequii* Philippi III. Regis Catholiei et Alberti Pii Belgarum Principle, Antverp. habit. 1621. Ito. *Biblia Sacra variarum translationum. 1618. Fol. Tom. iii. •Magnum Theatrum Vita Humana? .... 1C31. Fol. Tom. vii. Edit. Lugdun. 1678. Fid. Tom. viii. Edit. Venetiis, Venet. 1707. Fol. Tom. viii. •Responsa Catholic a ad quiesita obvia prretensw Re- ligionis reformats. 1609,1617. 16mo. [Idiomate ver- naculo.] *Lives of the three Apostles of Antwerp.— St. Eligius, St. Willibrord, and St. Norbert. 4to. In Flemish. •Condones selectie. 1627. Martyrulogium Sanctarnm virginum quie in hocsa*culo ob sanctam fidem .... Martyres obierunt .... versibus breuiter illustratum." [Antwerp. 1615.] fol. In this last there are twenty-four engravings by I Thomas de Leu, with two Latin lines under each plate by Laurence Beyerlinck. K. I\ D. E. THE ALLITERATIVE ROMANCES OF ALEXANDER. A book entitled The Alliterative Romance of Alexander was published by the Roxburghe Club, 1849, edited by Mr. Stevenson. Perhaps the title should rather nave used the plural term Romances. The facts are these. There are four fragments of alliterative verse extant in MS. upon the subject of Alexander, whicli may be distinguished thus. A. A fragment about Alexander's infancy, MS. Greaves GO. This is almost certainly the oldest, and as to the truth of Sir F. Madden's conjecture, that it was written by the author of William and the Werwolf, there can be no doubt. It is now beirig edited by myself for the Early English Text Society as an appendix to the Wencolfy in order that one glossary may serve for both poems, as it easily may. B. A fragment about Alexander's visit to the Gyninosophists, in MS. Bodley 2464, now num- bered 264. It is inserted in the splendid French MS. of Alexander, one of the greatest trea- sures of the Bodleian Library. The handwrit- ing of this poem (which is beautifully illustrated by illuminations) can hardly be later than a.d. 1400 or 1390; and it may be earlier. The language of this poem bears some resemblance to that of fragment A, but there is hardly suffi- cient resemblance to show that they are by the same author. Supposing, for a moment, that they are so, the poem of which they are fragments would seem to have been of enormous length, the missing central portion being very considerable. This MS. is printed at length in Mr. Stevenson's edition. C. A fragment about Alexander's infancy and warlike exploits, preserved in MS. Ashmole 44 ; and D. a portion of the same poem, in MS. Dublin D. 4. 1§, beginning at a later place, and ending at an earlier one. The date of the Ash- mole MS. can hardly be earlier than a.d. 1450, and Mr. Stevenson thinks (which seems probable enough) that the date of the composition of the poem is at about the same period. This last frag- ment bears traces of a northern dialect ; the former two of a western. It is printed at length in Mr. Stevenson's edition, from the Ashmole MS. What is the conclusion ? It would seem to be that we have here three distinct romances by three hands. C is certainly different from A and B, and later than both of them. A and B are possibly about the same date, and have some re- semblance ; but the more they are compared, the more unlike they appear — a result curiously at variance with that obtained by comparing frag- ment A with the Werwolf. Considering the popularity of the subject, tlie result is not sur- mising. 'There are other copies in old English, t >ides these in alliterative verse. See The Buik of the most noble and vailzeandConquerourAlexandt r the Great \ printed at Edinburgh, 1580 ; reprinted by the Bannatyne Club at the same place in 1831 ; a fragment about Alexander's death in Ancient Metrical Romances, printed from the Auchinleck MS. by the Abbotsford Club, 1836 ; and see also " Kvng Alisaunder ,T in vol. i. of Weber's Metri- cal Romances, and the account of the subject in his preface. The three last-mentioned are all in the same rhythm, viz. in rimed lines of eight syl- lables. Walter W. Skeat. Cambridge. JOHN DAVIDSON OF IIALTREE. James Davidson, of Hal tree, bookseller in Edinburgh, married Elizabeth Brown, a sister of William Brown, minister, Edinburgh, who was served heiress-portioner to him March 31, 1738. Of this marriage, John Davidson was the eldest, perhaps I should say only son. Having been educated for the legal profession in Scotland, he passed Writer to the Signet, and was agent for many of the principal noblemen and landed pro- prietors of Scotland. For many years he was Crown Agent, in which office he was succeeded bv Hew Warrender, Esq. of Bruntsfield, whose 48 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4«h S. I. Jan. 18, '08. curious old family seat at the top of Edinburgh Links is carefully preserved and occasionally in- habited by the Warrender family. With the crown agency Warrender succeeded to, or purchased, a large house adjoining Edin- burgh Castle, originally the residence of David- son, which then had a fine garden, and perhaps, from its elevated situation, the best view in the metropolis, extending on the north over the Frith of Forth to the kingdom, as traditionally called, of Fife ; on the east, Salisbury Craigs and Ar- thur's Seat ; on the south, Blackford and Braid celebrated in Scott's glorious Marmion; on the west, the Pentland Hills, the Castle, and part of Linlithgow. The Braid property and romantic hill now belong to Gordon of Cluny. Both pre- viously had been possessed by a family of the name of Broun. Charles Broun, of Braid, was served heir to his cousin Andrew Broun, of Braid, November 11, 1728. The house has now been removed, and its site converted into a reservoir for the Edinburgh Water-works. Davidson was one of that set of literary men who reflected credit on the Scotish metropolis towards the end of the last century. He was associated with Lord Hailed, William Tytler, George Baton, Plummer of Middlestead, David Herd (the meritorious editor of a Collection of Scotish Songs and Ballads, in two volumes), and Callander of Craigforth, who wrote an Ode to Har- mony, much admired, and who edited the li King's Quhair" by James I., &c. Mr. Davidson privately printed and distributed among his friends a few copies of the following tractates, which may be worth "N. &Q.": — 1. " Accounts of the Chamberlain of Scotland in the years 1320, L330, and 1331, from the Originals in the Exchequer ; with some other curious Papers. Edinburgh, 1771." Pp. 31. Title and short preface. The appendices are two. They contain, among other very valuable papers, " The Charter of Erec- tion of the Lordship of Hamilton by James II., anno 1445" — from the original in the archives of the Dukes of Hamilton; and the u Indenture of John Lord of the Isles, and John of Lorn, 1354." The third appendix is usually wanting. It contains : " Letters of Caption, issuing in name of Henrie and Mary King and Queen of Scottis," dated at " Holyrudhous, the xviij day of ffebruair, and of our reignes the first and xxiiij zeirs." These letters are subscribed "Marie R" " Henry R" Mr. Davidson remarks, that " the king's name is put to this writing by a stamp," as Buchanan asserted it was — a fact denied by Goodal (vol. i. p. 238 of his Vindication of Mary). A seal with the royal arms is attached. 2. " Charta Willelmi Regis Scotorura Canonicis de Jedburgh concessa circa Annum m.c.lxv, ex autograph0 recording in in archivis Ducis de Buccleugh." Engraved bv A. Bell, 1771. 3. " Observations on the Regium Majestatem." 8vo, pp. 15. [A very convincing argument, showing "that the Regium Majestatem is a book copied from Glan- ville."] 4. " Remarks on some of the Editions of the Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland." 8vo, pp. 16. June 1, 1792. 5. " Copies of various Tapers, &c, relating to the Peerages of Brandon and Dover." 4to, pp. 30. [These referred to the successful attempt to obtain an alteration of a judgment of a Committee of Privileges, by which a Scotch peer was prevented from sitting in the House of Peers by reason of an English peerage. Besides settling this question, it established that no decision of a Com- mittee of Privileges is final.] My set of Davidson's papers belonged to An- drew Lumisden, Esq., the author of the Topo- graphy of Rome and the agent of the exiled Stuarts. Many interesting particulars of this gen- tleman will be found in the late Mr. Dennistoun's Memoirs of Sir Robert Strange. It bears this attes- tation : " London, June the l8t, 1792. " These curious papers and tracts were published from time to time, by John Davidson, Esq., of Haltree. They were never sold. He made presents of them to his friends ; amongst whom he justly reckoned " Andrew Lu Davidson, although married, had no family. His wife died at Edinburgh on March 5, 1796. By his last settlement, his estate of Haltree left to a younger son of Sir William Miller, Bart., a judge of the Court of Session and a much esteemed friend of Mr. Davidson. J. M. LAMBETH LIBRARY AND ITS LIBRARIANS.* Having thus traced the origin of the library, the reader is now invited to glance at the list of scholars to whose loving care the book-treasures at Lambeth have been from time to time com- mitted. First and foremost stands the honoured name of Henry Wharton, " the favourite pupil of the great Newton " — "the favourite chaplain of San- croft, whose early death was deplored by all parties as an irreparable loss to letters," as his memorial tablet states, and as Dean Stanley adds, " the youthful pride of Cambridge, as Atterbury was of Oxford." The learned author of the Anglia Sacra, and a host of works whose titles are too numerous to record here, died at the early age of thirty-one. His funeral in Westminster Abbey was attended by Archbishop Tenison. Bishop Lloyd, and a large body of the clergy. Dean Sprat read the service. The Westminster scholars were caused to attend — li an uncommon respect " at that time ; the fees were remitted ; and Pur- cell's Anthem was sung over his grave. * Continued from p. 10. 4* S. I. Jan. 18, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 49 Paul Colomiez, or Colomesius, a learned French Protestant who came to this country at the invitation of Isaac Vossius, then Canon of Windsor, was, at the recommendation of the latter, appointed by Sancroft librarian at Lam- beth, and collated to the rectory of Eynesford, in Kent, Nov. 18, 1687. He retained the office until the deprivation of Sancroft. His Gallia Orientalis, containing an account of such French writers as were skilled in the Oriental languages, printed at the Hague in 1GG5, and reprinted at Hamburg in 1709 under the care of the learned Fabricius ; his Italia et Hispania Orientalis; Catalogus Manuscript torum Codicum Isaaci Fossil, and a number of similar works, have preserved his name among scholars. Edmund Gibson, afterwards Bishop of London, to which he was translated from Lincoln in 1723, was, on the recommendation of his uncle Dr. Gibson, appointed librarian at Lambeth by Archbishop Tenison in 1700. The catalogue of printed books in the library, formed on the plan of the Bodleian catalogue, was first drawn up by Dr. Gibson. A fair copy was made by Dr. Wil- kins in 1718, in three volumes folio, which has been continued by his successors. The bishop's translation of the Saxon Chronicle, his edition of Camden, and, above all, his well-known Codex Juris Ecclesiastici Anglicani (two volumes folio), of which a second edition was published in 1761, attest his learning ; while his Preservative against Popery (three volumes folio), and many smaller wcrks, show him to have been a faithful son of the Church of England. of the Rev. Dr. Benjamin Ibbot, the son Swaftham, who was Tenison in Thomas Ibbot, Vicar of appointed librarian by chiefly known by his Boyle Lectures. 1703, is lie was made Prebendary of Westminster Nov. 16, 1724 ; and dying at Camberwell in April following, was buried in the Abbey. A selection from his Ser- mons was published for the benefit of his widow by Dr. Samuel Clarke in 1720. Dr. David Wilkins, the next librarian, held the office from about 1715 to 1718, in which year played with reference to the Lambeth catalogues. who exhibited much kindness to Archbishop Wake when in Switzerland in his earlier years. This kindness the archbishop repaid by making his son librarian at Lambeth : an office which he continued to hold until the death of the Arch- bishop in 1737. John Jones, of Trinity College, Cambridge, was appointed librarian by Archbishop Potter on his going to reside at Lambeth in 1737. He was related to the archbishop's wife. He quitted Lambeth when he was collated to the vicarage of Portling, in Kent, in 1741. Henry Hall, Fellow of King's College, Cam- bridge, was his successor ; and not only continued librarian till the death of his patron Archbishop Potter, in 1747, but was retained in the office by Archbishop Herring, who also appointed him one of his chaplains. On the death of Archbishop Herring, in 1757, he resigned the librarianship of Lambeth, and resided chiefly at Harbledown, to which he had been collated in 1750, where he died Nov. 1763. Andrew Coltee Ducarel, LL.D., a native of Normandy, who, having been admitted a Gentle- man Commoner of St. John's College, Oxford, proceeded LL.D. June 1, 1738, was appointed librarian by Archbishop Hutton, May 3, 1757, and was successively continued in that office by Archbishops Seeker, Cornwallis, and Moore. Du- carel had been previously known to Archbishop Herring, to whom he had made some proposals for indexing the papers and registers at Lambeth ; his biographer John Nichols is therefore fully justified in saying as he does, in the Literary Anecdotes (vi. 408), that he enjoyed the esteem of five successive prelates. Dr. Ducarel was a most industrious and volu- minous antin uarian writer ; and, although not in holy orders, from the time of his appointment to be keeper of the library at Lambeth, he devoted himself almost entirely to ecclesiastical antiqui- ties, and more particularly to those of the pro- vince of Canterbury. But he is here chiefly to be remembered for the diligence and abilities he dis- he completed the catalogues of manuscripts and printed books. But, great as was this service, he did far greater by the publication of his Coptic New Testament in 171G ; the Coptic Pentateuch in 1731 ; his edition of Selden's Works, three volumes folio, 1726; his fine edition of the Anglo-Saxon Latvs, folio, 1721; and, above all, by his most valuable work u Concilia Magna Britannice et Hi- bernice a Synodo Verolamiensij a.d. 440 ad Lon- dinensem a.d. 1717," which he published in 1737 in four volumes folio. Dr. Wilkins died in 1745, but had ceased to act as librarian for some years previously. His successor was Dr. John Henry Ott, a learned Swiss, the son of a gentleman at Zurich The catalogue begun by Bishop Gibson, and con- tinued by Dr. Wilkins with the greatest minute- ness, was completed by Dr. Ducarel to the time of Archbishop Cornwallis. He made a distinct catalogue of the books of Archbishop Seeker, and another, in three volumes folio, of the pamphlets and tracts bound up by Archbishop Cornwallis ; and extended the catalogue of MSS. from No. 720, to which it had been brought by Wilkins, to No. 1147. He made also an index of all the Lambeth registers; and, in addition, a general index for his own use, in forty-eight volumes, containing an account of every instrument relating to the see, province, and diocese of Canterbuiy, in the registers of all the archbishops, from Peck- 50 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4*8. I. Jan. 18, VS. ham to Herring. Dr. Ducarel died May the 29th, 1785. Henry John Todd, the biographer of Cranmer and of the deans of Canterbury, was, I believe, the next to fill the office of librarian at Lambeth, and distinguished his tenure of that office by printing in 1812 a folio Catalogue of the Archi- episcopal Manuscripts in the Library at Lambeth Palace, with an Account of the Archiejriscopal Re- gisters and other Records there preserved. It is unnecessary to detail the various other bibliogra- phical and biographical works of the learned Archdeacon of Cleveland, who died in 1845. Hugii James Hose, it has been said, held this office. But this I think very doubtful. He was domestic chaplain to Archbishop Howley, and may have given some attention to the library, but the claims upon his time as Principal of King's College could not have admitted of his bestowing much time and care upon it. Not so wa* it with the Rev. Samuel Roffey Maitland, who became librarian at the sugges- tion of his friend Hugh James Rose, and at the request of Archbishop Howley about 1838. The learned author of The Dark Ages ; Facts and Do- cuments connected icith the Albigenses and Wal- domes; Essays on the Reformation, §c, contributed in no small degree to make the value of the library committed to his charge known to the outer world by printing — first, A List of Some of the Early Printed Books in the Archiejnscopal Library at Lam- beth, 8vo, 1843 ; and, secondly, An Index of such English Books printed before the Year Ml) C. as are now in the Archiepiscopal Library at La?nbeth,8\o, 1845. Both works are models of bibliographical learning, and their prefaces, &c. replete with in- formation. Nor was Dr. Maitland's encouragement to scholars to turn the Lambeth library to good account confined to the printing of these volumes. All who frequented the library while it was under his charge (and probably at no period since it was established was it so much used as during his librarian ship) will, I am sure, be anxious to bear testimony to his anxiety at all times to assist them in their researches, not only by placing the whole resources of the library at their disposal, but also from his own vast stores of information. An anecdote of Dr. Maitland at this time, which I have heard on very good authority, deserves re- cording. A very eminent Roman Catholic clergy- man called on him one day to inquire what steps he must take to obtain permission to use the library. " J ust send a letter to the archbishop saying what you wish, and I have no doubt he will instantly give the necessary directions." " Send a letter to the archbishop ! " was the reply. " How am I to send it ? I don't keep a man ser- vant ;" adding, with a little hit at the Establish- ment, "I am not stall-fed." Neither am I, Dr. Maitland might have answered ; but, with the quiet humour which was one of his characteristics, he asked, "Don't you think it would be safe if you sent it by the post ? " Dr. Maitland was not stall-fed. "When invited to take the office of librarian at Lambeth, he was living in his own freehold house at Gloucester. He gave up that, took a house in town at 200/. a year, removed his valuable books to London, paid a clerk to assist him two guineas a week, and received in return the enormous salarv of forty pounds a year! Not one bit of Church preferment was ever offered to him. Dr. Maitland held the librarianship till the death of his friend Archbishop Howley, or rather till the accession of Archbishop Sumner, when he retired to Gloucester, where he died, honoured and revered by all who knew him, on January 19, I860. Will not the writer of these notes be readily pardoned for boasting that this distinguished scholar and excellent man honoured him with his friendship ? The Rev. John Thomas was the next to hold the office. He was the son-in-law of Archbishop Sumner, by whom he was appointed librarian, and I believe vacated the office on the death of Dr. Sumner. The Rev. William Stubbs — who, to the regret of all who know his peculiar fitness for the post, has recently vacated the librarianship — distinguished his too short tenure of office by a work of great value to students of our Church history. His Registrum Sacrum Anglicanum — An Attempt to exhibit the Course of Episcopal Succession in Eng- landfrom the Records and Chronicles of the Church, is a most important contribution to ecclesiastical history in the departments of biography and exact chronology, and makes us almost regret that Mr. Stubbs should have been called away from the custody of the historical and literary treasures of Lambeth to the distinguished position which he now occupies. If these imperfect sketches of Lambeth library and its librarians have the effect of calling the are responsible for the remarkable and valuable attention of those who due preservation of this library to the important character of their trust, it will probably lead to a reconsideration of the amount which should be annually appropriated to its maintenance and the salary of the librarian. What induced the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to decide that one hundred and fifty pounds a year was an adequate sum for such purposes, it is difficult to conceive : — unless they argued that if Archbishop Howley secured the services of so ripe a scholar as Dr. Maitland for forty pounds, one hundred and fifty pounds would secure those of such " a faultless monster as the world ne'er saw." William J. Thoms. P.S. — It may not be generally known that Dr. Maitland, who fully appreciated the value of 4* S. I. Jak. 18, '68.] OTES AND QUERIES 51 ►Strype's various historical and biographical works a3 contributions to the history of our church, was very desirous of seeing a new edition of them; and knowing how inaccurately (owing probably to the rapidity with which he transcribed) the various documents which Strype quoted were printed by him, Dr. Maitland collated all Strype's extracts from books or MSS. at Lambeth with the originals. This copy of Strype thus corrected has been pre- sented by his executors to the University of Cam- bridge. Caxdle Superstition. — I now come to my second bit of folk-lore (see ante, p. 10). Some few years ago I was attending the death-bed of an aged relative who resided in one of the handsome terraces that overlook the Monkstown side of the Bay of Dublin. The death took place between four and five o'clock of a November evening, and as I happened to be passing through the hall soon after, I heard the door-bell ring. I had j ust sent the man-servant to the post with some letters announc- ing the old lady's decease to some relatives re- siding at a distance, and knowing that the two faithful servants of the old lady and her niece were still in the room with her remains, I opened the door. A woman apparently in the position of a respectable servant was the person who had rumj the bell ; and, with a slight apology, she said, " Please, sir, will you give me a candle ? " I said, " Death has just taken place in the house, the butler is out, and I do not know where I could get you a candle/' One of the servants, who had heard the bell, came out on the lobby while I was speaking (the servants of the house were all Protestants), and she called to me, u Please shut the door, sir ! What does she mean coming here with her popish superstition ? " (In using this phrase, I must observe that I mean no of- fence to any readers of " N. & Q." I only repeat the words as spoken. As a class the Protestant pea- santry in Ireland, though not exempt from super- stition, are much freer from it than their Roman Catholic compatriots.) The woman went away, evidently much annoyed at not having got the candle, for she said she knew that death had just taken place in the house. I asked the servant afterwards what the superstition was, but she either would not or could not tell me, and the variety of duties that occupied me in consequence of the old lady's death prevented my finding out the meaning of it. I now ask — What is the super- stition of getting a candle from a house immedi- ately after a death has taken place in it ? Cywrm. Porth-yr-Aur, Carnarvon. Aristotle and Gulliver. — The great poetic lawgiver, prescribing the length of a fable, dramatic or epic (Poetics, pt. ii. s. 3), observes — " Whatever is beautiful, whether it be an animal or any other thing composed of different parts, must not only have those parts arranged in a certain manner, but must also be of a certain magnitude ; for beauty consists in magnitude and order. Hence it is, that no very minute animal can be beautiful ; the eye comprehends the whole too instantaneously to distinguish and compare the parts. Neither, on the contrary, can one of a pro- digious size be beautiful ; because, as all its parts cannot be seen at once, the whole, the unity of object, is lost to the spectator; as it would be, for example, if he were surveying an animal of many miles in length. As, there- fore, in animals, and other objects, a certain magnitude is requisite ; but that magnitude must be such as to present a whole easily comprehended by the eye ; so, in the fable, a certain length is requisite; but that length must be such as to present a whole easily comprehended by the memory." — Twining's Translation, p. 76, edit. 1815.) Had Captain Gulliver read the Stagyrite ? We know by his Laputan conversaziones that the worthy skipper was a bit of a scholar. E. L. S. Once. — Certain modern values of this word were noted not long ago in "N. & Q." : has any one remarked or discussed Sidney's peculiar use of it in the Arcadia ? I give three examples out of six or more which are to be found there : — " Once, in extremities the winning of time is the pur- chase of life." — Lib. iii. 44 Once, she sundred his soule from his body." 44 But once, for them shee might baue gone shee would." — Lib. iv. Lib. iii. whither " Once," lent to " in in these passages, is evidently equiva- brief," or u to sum up." A. J. Munby. Land beyond the Sea. — Mr. Baring-Gould, in the second series of his Curious Myths of the Middle Ages, attributes the popular notion of " land beyond the sea " to a Druidical source. This may be true as to some of our earlier writers ; but I think a nearer and more homely source may be found for its existence among Dissenters. As we have derived many of our popular notions respecting paradise, hell, angels, the personal appearance of the a devil and his angels," &c, &c, from the hnagery of Milton's Paradise Lost, so the common notions respecting ." Jordan's stream," " land beyond the sea," the u heavenly city," &c. &c. are derived from Bunyan's Pilgrims Progress. These two books are more read than any others, the Bible excepted, by the religious world, and most of their phraseology, &c. have become household literature. Wesley's Hymns abound with allusions to Milton and Bunyan, and hence the prevalence of ideas which, traced one step further back, may be, and often are, nothing but old pagan notions encrusted with slight modern Christian additions or modifications. T. T. W. Newton and Pascal Controversy. — From the various letters which have appeared rela- tive to this noted dispute, it does not appear that 52 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4*8.1. Jan. 18, '68. there is the least spot of ground left upon which M. Chasles can rest the sole of his foot. His names, his dates, the use of particular words, the data upon which the forgeries are based, have all been proved to be worse than useless towards sustaining the claims of Pascal as the discoverer of the laws of gravitation. There is one point, how- ever, which, so far as I am aware, has not yet been pressed, but which might supply another link in the chain of proof that the documents are forged. Has any one ever been permitted to examine the paper upon which the letters are written f A document was not long ago produced in one of our courts of law, and the presiding judge settled the question by holding up the paper to the light, when the water -mark date was found to be long posterior to the date of the deed. Might not this be found to be the case with the pretended Pascal correspondence ? T. T. W. Analysis of Brasses, Bronze, etc. — Through the kindness of two friends I am enabled to open this interesting subject with the analysis of two specimens. One is that of a Flemish brass in the Museum of Practical Geology, dated 1490. This contains copper G4*0, zinc 29*5, lead 5 5, and tin 3-0. The other is of the very interesting bronze vessel exhibited at the Society of Antiquaries a short time ago by Lord Wharnclifle, and which was supposed by some to be a 1 toman mortarium, and by others a test or standard vessel for the gauging the ore measures, like the famous bronze " Tutbury ore dish." The analysis of this showed copper 78, tin 13, and lead 9. I cannot help thinking that the more zinc we find in the alloy, the later is its date. Could any of your readers give an analysis of some decidedly old Roman bronze ? A. A. Poets' Corner. How an Edinburgh Riot was Quelled in 1555. Lord Fountainhall, in speaking of the ious and evil reputation of Edinburgh as " a facti mutinous town " ki his days, gives a very o anecdote of the way in which a tumult was settled in 1555. amusing rode in presently to Edinburgh, and appeared and choked the commotion. " The Setons were a spirited set of men, whether disguised as Eglintons, Gordons, or Sutherlands, for all these noble families bore that name. In- deed the Eglintons are Setons in the direct male line, the name of Montgomery coming to them with the earldom under a conveyance from the last of the Montgomery earls. J. M. fautvitt. CRAVEN OF SPERSIIOLT BARONETCY. Who was Sir Anthony Craven of Spersholt, co. Berks, created baronet June 4, 1GG1 ? Both Burke and Courthope say that the title became extinct in 1713, yet the former says the first baronet died s. p. in 1070. Here is one point deserving explanation. In Collins's Peerage (Brydges' edition, 1812), in vol. v., is an account of the Earls Craven, which makes this Sir Anthony a brother of Sir William Craven of Lenchwiko. Yet this account is hardly correct in its details. It seems clear, however, that John1 Craven of Appletreewick, co. York, had sons, Henry2 and \Villiam2; of whom William2 married Beatrix, daughter of John Hunter, and had sons, Sir William3 (Lord Mayor of London) 'and Anthony3. William3 was father of William4 (Earl Craven), John4 (Lord Craven of By ton), and Thomas4. All the sons of Sir William died s. p., and by special limitation the earldom was entailed (ac- cording to Collins) upon Sir William Craven of Lenchwike and his heirs male ; and in default, on Sir Anthony, brother to Sir William. By another patent the title was entailed on the heirs of Sir Thomas Craven, a third brother of Sir William and Sir Anthony ; and the grandson of Sir Thomas was the second Lord Craven of Hampsed-Marshall. The earldom was again granted in 1801 to the seventh lord. These brothers were sons of Robert3, and grand- sons of Henry2 Craven : the latter being: brother At that period Lord Seton was Pro- [ of William2 Craven. The strange thing is, that He resided at his fine old | the entails should be so variable. According to Collins, the Earl Craven, after the death of his brothers, entailed a title not on the issue of his uncle Anthony, but on his second cousins; and even then, selected at first the oldest and youngest (Sir William and Sir Anthony) as heirs, though vost of Edinburgh. castle in the county of East Lothian, which once had the finest gardens in that part of Scot- land. Whilst the noble provost was taking repose at Seton, a report of one of the Edinburgh tumults awakened him from his slumbers. The uproar became so alarming that two of the baillies came out to consult his lordship. Upon inquiry, Lord Seton found that the frightened magistrates had been accessory to the riot. He, without the slightest hesition, popped them " in the PiFof Seton"— « a place/' observes Fountainhall, "I have seen, which was a dreadful contumelv ; and the second brother, Sir Thomas, was finally se- lected, and alone left issue. As proof that Anthony, uncle of Earl Craven, left issue, Collins notes that he had sons : Sir William of Winwick, who died 1707 ; Sir Robert, and Sir Anthony. Is it not probable that here is a confusion of names and persons? Was not the baronet, who 4* S. 1. Jan. 18, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 53 died s. p. 1G70, the uncle of Earl Craven P His own family thus extinct, the natural heirs were Sir William and Sir Thomas ; and if their brother Sir Anthony was mentioned, was he not last in the entail ? Finally, was not this Sir Anthonv the father of the three more recent knights ? I do not seek to correct errors as errors ; but in this case the solution of this seeming confusion is desired, as it seriously affects the statements made in a pedigree dated 108G. W. II. Wiiitmork. Boston, l\ S. A. Alexander Brodie was one of the magistrates of Forres in 1700. The following entry is from Joseph Addison. — Was Addison a member of the J fell Fire Club? and did this club meet in Kensington ? Tradition here has it that Hell Corner, at the south end of James Street, Ken- sington Square (formerly called the King's Square, and entered by King Street only), was so called from the Hell Fire Club meeting in a house represents! the Forres registers : " 2Gth Julv, 1764. Alexr Brodie & Janet Laing his Sp. ; a son .lames, so called in memory of the late J as. Hrodie of Spynie. 44 Witness, Jas. Brodie of Brodie/' Can any one give me a clue to the relationship between Alexander and James Brodie of Spynie? F. M. S. Address, Oilice, "N. &Q." " Castrum RoTnoMAOi. " — Where was this castle situated? Henry V., on March 2, 1421, tested a charter at Westminster, and on the 5th of the same month tested several charters at " Cas- trum nostrum Rothomagi " (Rymer, Fwdera, x. pp. 68, 00). On the 4th of the same month of March a document purports to be signed at Shrews- the hie and noble presence of our bury, in outh in View the foreground of Kensington/' F r»u * i • • Soveraigne Lord. of ( natelaine s i . v ./u- *„ • •» Was it possible for the king At the .s;i!lie corner was " The Devil Tavern" in those days. An Old Kensingtonian. Baldwin's Plans op a Koman Tkmple. — M. C.J. At the time of the discovery of the Koman temple at Bath, when the present Pump Room to King's Bath was erected 17JKJ, according to a letter of Sir Henry Englefield's read before the Society of Antiquaries of London, Baldwin, the city architect of Bath, had taken plans of the remains found for publication. Can any of your readers kindly inform me where they are, or in whose possession at present, as I am engaged in making some researches about the Roman remains of Bath ? No information of any of them can be obtained in three from a withy tree, and exclaims Bath itself. It has been conjectured that they to be at Westminster on the 2nd, at Shrewsbury on the 4th, and at "Castrum Rothomagi" on the 5th of the same month : Liverpool. Christmas Carol.— I have lately heard sung a Christmas carol commencing 44 It happened on a certain day The snow from heaven did fall : Sweet Jesus asked his mother dear To let him go to the ball." It goes on to relate his meeting with virgins three who scornfully refused to let him play at ball with them, and whom he drowned in the sea by leading them over a bridge made of sunbeams. or this act he receives from his mother slashes may possibly 1> in the collection belonging to Gougn in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. They are not in the British Museum, although some curious original drawings are there in the King's Library. Any information of them or other original drawings connected with the discovery of Roman remains in Bath will deeply oblige Jas. T. Irvine. Coome Down, near Bath. The Brickdust Max. — Can any of vour cor- respondents inform me where the original painting by Nathaniel Hone of u The Brickdust Man " is to be found ? There is a mezzotinto by " James Wilson," of which I have a most beautiful im- pression; so beautiful that I cannot help re- marking it is about the most charming portrait in this style I ever saw. In one hand the Brickdust Man holds a long staff; and in the other there is a pair of Irish, or perhaps Scotish, bagpipes. He is a most intellectual-looking man, with a beard and moustache ; his age between fifty and sixty. Is this a real or imaginary portraiture ? If not a myth, probably there is somewhere or other an account of him. " J. M. "Cursed shall be the withy, withy tree, For causing me to smart ; And it shall be the very first tree That shall |>erish at the heart. ♦» Can any of your readers inform me where I can see a perfect copy of the above, and from what apocryphal source it is derived ? C. F. S. The Introduction of Culinary Vegetables into England. — May I ask, through " N. & Q./' for information as to the dates at which the vege- tables and fruits that now appear on our dinner- tables were introduced into England ; the names of their introducers, and the places from which they were brought ? I should also like to be in- formed as to the vegetables known in this country at the dates of the respective invasions of Julius Ciesar and William the Conqueror. Of course I do not wish for information regarding the potato. X. Y. Infantry: "II Penseroso.'' — Can any of your readers explain to me how the word " in- fantry M came to be used in its present sense? Milton, with a play upon words, uses it in the 54 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4*S.I. Jan. 18, '68 first book of Paradise Lost, when speaking of the Pigmies : " That small infantry Warr'd on by cranes/' Can, too, any of your readers explain satisfac- torily to me the following passage in II Pense- roso ? — " And let some strange mysterious dream Wave at his wings in aery stream Of lively portraiture displayed, Softly on my eyelids laid." Daniel L. Botes. issue with the received traditions of the church. Of this event the " Spiegazione " relates^ that Joseph and Mary, unable to find a lodging in the town of Bethlehem, were received into his hut by an old man named Gelindo, and that in this cabin the same night was born the Saviour. "Fortunato Gelindo! il primo che si prostro all' adora- zione unitamente alia sua moglic Alinda, sua figlia A lire lia: e Maffeo suo garzone, e tutta la sua famiglia si reearono alia capanna per adorare il nato Hambino." Some novel particulars of Herod's history are recounted under the " Murder of the Innocents." . u. . .. Two davs before, Herod sent for his son's nurse, Lots.— The word "lot " and its plural lots d W|;rned her in order to save the child's life ; < are now in common use as denoting " a large num- ber." They have not yet found their way into any but light writing; though, from their frequent use in conversation, it is not improbable they may soon be adopted in a higher range. It is certainly not very long ago since this metaphorical use began, and I have an impression that it was bor- rowed from its having been put into the mouth of the clown in a pantomime of transient popularity. Do any of your readers know what the fact is as to this ? It seems a pity that our ordinary speech should have been defaced by an expression which, in the sense now generally taken, cannot bo re- garded but as an unfortunate vulgarism. <t. Edinburgh. but, on the very morning of the slaughter in Bethlehem, a dog appeared which mangled the royal infant. [" Sul mattino comparve un cane che >brano il medesimo."] Herod was repudiated bv his consort Doris, the people would no longer acknowledge him as their king, and, rendered desperate, he committed suicide in his own garden. A trace of the story that Herod included his own son in the massacre of the innocents is found in Maerobius, who retails a remark of Augustus: "It is better to be Herod's hog than his sou " (Alban Butler's Lives, &c), but the fact is too well known to need repetition that a terrible malady really terminated the existence of this ruthless monarch. The onlv life he hesitated to Manuscript Treatise ox Chronology. — I take was his own. possess a very beautifully written MS. entitled : "Abrege Chronologique de l'Histoire Universelh Contenant les Evenements les plus remarquables depuis la Creation du monde jusques a . Pan de grace 1714. Par Penelope Gale, h Londres, de PEcole Dames Denis et Ste- vensons, Queen's Square, 1773." The volume is in small 4 to size, contains 12S pages, and is very richly bound in red morocco, gilt edges, with an allegorical frontispiece inindian ink on vellum. There is an address to ik Mes Dames " by the author, as it would appear, signed il Samuel Roux ; " and next follows a ^Traduc- tion qui sert de Preface," from which I infer that the treatise was composed for the use of his pupils by Roux, and translated into French by the lady whose name appears on the title-page. Is any- thing known of these parties or of the school in Queen's Square a century ago, when the book was written? William Bates. The Nativity and Massacre of the Inno- cents in Waxwork. — Among some papers which had lain for a long time undisturbed has turned up, appropriately enough at this season, the libretto of a waxwork show, which I had the curiosity to enter, and which stood on the ground adjoining a horse fair held (Nov. 12, 1857,) at Novara. Large groups, formed by figures of life-size, por- trayed Scriptural events ; and in a group of the Nativity, with detail not only beyond the scope of ordinary readers of Bible history, but at In explaining the " Martyrdom of the Macca- bees," the different stages of their tortures being most repulsively exhibited, the account con- cludes: u Oggidi pure i setti fratelli Maccabei son> venerati sui nostri altari.1' The seven sons of Eleazar canonized ! How came it that the widow Murchio, proprie- >rk, was allowed to spread such inexact information? John A. C. Vincent. Old Harry and Old Nick. — The etymo- logical identity of chief and head, so shrewdly traced by Mr. Skeat in " N. & Q." 3rd S. xii. 481 , encourages me to inquire whether the names of Old Harry and Old Kick, as applied to the foul fiend, may not, in like manner, be traced to one and the same Scandinavian root ? In Sweden, and I believe also in some parts of Denmark, one of the numerous names designating the Evil One is gammel Erik, i. e. Old Ertk, later transformed into Old Eri, and ultimately into Old Harry ; and if instead of old we take the earlier form of olden, we have Olden Erik, Olden Ik9 Old Nick. A friend to whom I suggested this origin of the names in question, replied in the words of the Italian proverb, " Se non t vero e ben trovato" but as I seek the vero and not the bc?i trovato, I should the opinion of some better ety- mologist than my friena or myself. Outir. be glad to lu Risely, Beds. 4*8.1. Jan. 18/68.1 NOTES AInD QUERIES. 55 MS. Pedigrees. — Can any one give me in- formation as to the nature of tbe following manu- script, which forms No. 44 of the collection at Middle Hill ? I quote from Haenal's Cat. Lib. MUS. col. 805 — u Burlington and Gainsbro' pedigrees/' Is it, as I suspect, a genealogical chemistry, volume relating to certain inhabitants of those towns? Cornub. Philosophy ok Notation. — Can any readers of u N. & Q." help me to anything on this sub- ject? I refer to the abstract principles which compilers of a notation should follow, whether that notation be for numbers, music, language, or .1 . ^. I . St. Peter's Chair. — I beg to forward the ac- took a leading part in ecclesiastical affairs James Smith, Principal of the University of Edinburgh and Professor of Divinity in 1732, companying cutting, which may be worth inser- tion in " N. & Q." : — 44 Is St. Peter's Chair at Rome a Genuine Relic? — Before concluding niy cursory remarks (says the Roman correspondent of The Post) upon the external features of the religious recurrences which have called together in Rome from all parts of the world so many representatives of the Catholic faith, I must devote a few lines to the celebrated relic denominated 4St. Peter's Chair,' which has been exposed to public veneration for the la*t week for the first time during the last two cen- turies. I confess, notwithstanding Lady Morgan's sati- rical hints that this chair is nothing more than a piece of Arabic household furniture with an inscription on the back in honour of Mahomet, I looked upon it with great interest, such interest as an object carefully and reli- giously preserved for upwards of a thousand years may naturally excite. Such is about the time that the 4 CathedVa of Peter* has been in the authentic keeping of the Church, having been a treasured relic for cen- turies in the old Constantinian Basilica, and kept with equal veneration under the high altar of the present church, until placed in its actual ponderous bronze case bv Bernini and Artusi in the reign of Pope Alexander VI I. Anybody very curious to obtain arguments in favour of the identity of this chair, as having really belonged to St. Peter here in Rome, may get them in Mon^ignore Febei's curious book, l)e Identitate Cathedra Humana, fmblished upwards of a century ago; but I mean to imit my observations to the intrinsic evidence presented bv the style and probable date of construction of the chair itself. The ohair has been for the last week elevated on a lofty gilt pedestal on the altar of Maria Santissima, in St. Peter's, where the faithful of all nations, but espe- cially French priests and Zouaves, are perpetually kneel- ing before it, while masses are being celebrated, and chaplets, medals, and crosses rubbed upon it, to be borne away with acquired virtue by pious pilgrims. Implicit faith is a grand thing, but there are many sincere and enlightened Catholics who have no faith in the antiquity of St. Peter's chair, and boldly declare it to be a produc- tion of the tenth century. liunscn states it to be a piece of German wood-work, enriched with engraved ivory of a different period. At any rate, it is nothing like a Roman or curule chair, such as the senator Pudens might be supposed to have in his house, and to offer to his guest and pastor Peter. For it has a pointed, Gothic-looking back, with three round arches and columns, one of which is broken ; the arms and legs are stiff and straight, like the stone episcopal chairs to be seen in churches of the twelfth century; and the front is ornamented with en- graved tablets of ivory, representing the labours of Hercules and the twelve signs of the Zodiac But, not- withstanding all apparent evidence to the contrary, the Church has declared it to be the chair actually used by St. Peter, and as such the honours paid to it ought not to excite surprise. J. Manuel. Newcastle-on-Tyne. » I in Scotland at the ^beginning of last century, lie was licensed by the Presbvtery of Dalkeith in 1703, being at* the time chaplain to Sir John Dalrymple of Cousland, and was subsequently minister of the parishes of Morham, in Hadding- tonshire, and Cramond in Midlothian. There is a rare poem on his death entitled " Lamentation of the I niversitv of Edinburgh on the death of Principal Smith, 1730.'' I ( Oswald— I presume one of the < tewalds of Dry- borough in the parish of Denny, Stirlingshire— as I find his son John settled at" Rroomhill in that parish in 1732. Any account of his parentage, birthplace, or connections will be considered a favour. Address, Office UN. & Q.M F. M. S. Height of our Chikf Towns a hove Ska- m ied a Miss LEVEL. Being anxious to ascertain the heights of English cities and larger towns above the level of the sea, lask the favour of information thereon. My immediate object is to raise Salisbury from the hole in which it has always been placed by popular opinion; quite erroneously, however, for already, from a knowledge of actual levelling*, I tind its elevation of 150 feet to be 110 feet above the mean of London and metropolitan levels; and I hope to prove it, instead of the very lowest city, to be one of the highest of all the English cities and larger towns. A. 13. Middleton* The Close, SalUburv. " Weep Not for the Dead."— Who are the following lines by ? I met with them many years ago in some old magazine, and should like to know the author. I have also heard them set to the "Dead March " in u Saul," and sung at a military funeral : 44 Weep not for the dead : Thv si'hs and teara are unavailing; Vainlv o'er their cold dark bed V Hnaks the voice of thy loud wailing. The Dead— the dead they rest : Sorrow, and strife, and earthly woes, No more shall harm the blest, Nor trouble their deep, calm repose. Weep not for the dead." J. B 56 AND QUERIES [4* S. I. Jan. 18, *68. Gillray's "French Invasion.*'— Among a few of James Gillray's spirited caricatures I possess, is a large one representing the projected French invasion from the Camp de Boulogne ; where, in the distance, you see I lis Satanic Majesty playing the fiddle, and cutting capers on the guillotine. In a rough and boisterous sea, the French Armada is seen struggling in vain against adverse winds, which, /Eolus-like, W. Pitt is blowing — " the pilot that weathered the storm v; whereas, in the foreground, at a windlass, are pulling it with might and main, towards British shores, some public characters, evidently portraits : amongst whom the bulky figure of C. J. Fox, in his torn shirt-sleeves and a tricoloured ribbon to his tail, 11 T 1 111- 1 _ 1 X - 1 glad to know : one of them Is not V. L. is very recognisable. I should be who the other dramatis personce are in profile has a blue coat and top-boots. Matthew Tierney one of the others ? P. [In spite of the labours of Mr. Thomas Wright, Mr. Evans, and others, the allusions in] many of Gillray's caricatures are still very obscure, and much in want of illustration. Our columns will at all times be open to Queries concerning, or facts illustrating them. But in these, as well as in other matters, we must insist upon the name, date, <fcc. of the caricature being correctly de- scribed. The only caricature of Gillray's which we re- member, bearing the title of " French Invasion," has a supplementary title, " Or Buonaparte landing in Great Britain," and is dated June 10, 1803. This is altogether very different from the one which forms the subject of P. A. L.'s query, which relates to one dated Feb. 1, 1798, and entitled " The Storm rising ; or, the Republican Flotilla in danger." It is directed against the encourage- ment which ^the Whigs were charged with giving to the threatened invasion, and the windlass is accordingly worked by Pitt, Sheridan, the Duke of Bedford, and Tierney. It may be added that his Satanic Majesty is playing the tune, "Over de Vater to Charley" (Fox).] Gravelot. — Can you furnish me with particu- lars of Gravelot's stay in England ? Where did he live ? Who employed him ? Where are some of his works to be found ? Paris. [Hubert Francois D'Anville, better known under his assumed name of Henry Gravelot, was the brother of D'Anville the geographer. He was born at Paris in 1699. He commenced painting at about thirty -nine years of age, but took afterwards to designing and etching. In 1733 he was invited to England by Claude du Bosc, to assist him in the plates of Picart's Religious Ceremonies, and also etched several plates for books, among which were those for Sir Thomas Hanmer's edition of Shakspeare. He drew the monuments of kings for Vertue, and gave the designs, where invention was necessary, for Pine's plates of the tapestry in the House of Lords. He also engraved the plates for Theobald's Shakspeare from his own designs ; but his large print of Kirkstall Abbey is considered the finest specimen of his abilities. He re- turned to Paris in 1745, where he died in 1773, aged seventy-four. De Fontenai, Dictionnaire des Artistes; Wal pole's Anecdotes of Painting, ed. 1849, iii. 979 ; and Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, p. 495.] Portrait for Identification. I have a family portrait of an elderly gentleman whom I cannot identify. He seems to have been a mem- ber of the House of Commons, as he holds in his hands two papers on which are the following words : — "Resolutions against French slaves and black corps in Jamaica, 1798." 44 Letter to the honourable the speaker of the assembly requesting leave to vacate my scat. May, 1800." Can any of your readers tell me the name ? Paris. [We take this to be the portrait of Bryan Edwards, M.l\ for Grampound, co. Cornwall, and the accurate his- torian of the West Indies. Mr. Edwards was born at West bury in Wiltshire on May 21, 1713, and died at his house Polygon, near Southampton, on July 15, 1800. He exercised his literary talents in a memorable way in Jamaica : for by the strokes of his pen he drove Peter Pindar from that island ; and that bitter satirist never dared afterwards to attack his character. There is a por- trait of Mr. Edwards painted by Abbott and jengraved bv Hollowav.l Cuddy Banks. — In a note on Aristophanes, Entities, 243, Mitchell alludes to Cuddy Banks. Who was he ? P. J. F. Gantillon. [Cuddy Banks rigures as a clown iu Ford's tragi- comedy, The Witch of Edmonton, in connection with the Morris Hobby-horse, as follows : — " Cuddy. The morrice is so cast, we'll have neither mean nor base in our company, fellow Rowland. " 3rd Clown. What ! not a counter ? "Cuddy. By no means, no hunting counter; leave that to the Enfield Chase men : all trebles, all in the altitudes. Now for the disposing of parts in the Morrice, little or no labour will serve," <fca Hence the allusion in Mr. Mitchell's note : " In what exact form the Chorus make their appear- ance it is difficult to say: had the editorship of this play fallen upon Cuddy Banks, he would at once have set them down as so many hobby-horses." The "Argexis " etc. of Barclay. — The editio optima of these works of Barclay is generally held to be that in 3 vols. 8vo, Liigd. Bat. 1664-69-74. The first and last of these are before me ; the first containing the Aryenis, in five books, with notes and index, pp. 653 ; the last containing the Satyricon— this being the general name for the Eiiphormia, Apologio, lean Animorum, Alethophili LacrymtBy and Alethophilus Castiyatus, which, to- gether with the Conspiratio Anyticana at the end, 4* S.I. Jan. 18, 'G8.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 57 extend to pp. 720. I should be much obliged if some possessor of the three volumes will kindly inform me what is contained in the intermediate volume, Lugd. Bat. 8vo, HM>9. ATES Birmingham. [The second volume, Lugd. BaUv. 16G9, contains Archombratus tt Theopompus «ive Argenidis secunda et tertia pars, ubi dc institutione principis, pp. 630. J Cohorts in Britain. — Can any of your cor- respondents well read in the annals of the I toman Empire enumerate the localities wherein the fol- lowing cohorts were stationed during the Roman occupation of Britain, namely, Cohere Prima Bri- tannicorum, Cohore Prima Flavia Britannicorum, Cohors Tertia Britonum. Cohore Sexta Britonum ? It is desired that references to the works in which they are mentioned be given. < J lax. [Robert Brady, in his GtmpUte History of England, fol. ed. 1685, has a chapter on "The Roman Military Establishment in Britain," (pp. 11-51), taken out of the Not id a, or Summary of Theodosius Junior. Consult also the u Indices Inscriptionum" in the MonumeniaH istorica Britannira, by Petrie and Sharpe, i. p. cxlvi.] Bull axd Mouth. — The following lines are embossed over the door of the Queen's Hotel, Alderegate Street. Can you help me to find out the reason of their being there, and their date 'i " Milo, the Crotonian, An ox slew with his list, And at one meal he ate it all — Ye Gods! what a glorious twist ! Oriental. [Is not this the old " Hull and Mouth " ? If *>, the allusion in the lines is obvious, and refers, os Mr. Tirabs points out in his Curiosities of London (p. l">3), to the story of Milo, who, after killing a bullock with one blow of his fist, ate it up at meal.] Latin Quotation. — «« perseverare in errore Wanted by Paululum Mkmorij but this quaint old writer does not mention it Cujusvis hominis est errare : nullius nisi insipientis, -in [Cicero, PhUippia, xii. cap. 2.] »rpltc*. DORCHESTER, CO. OXFORD. (3* S. xii. 340.) Mr. S. Bbisly wishes, it would seem, to know to what authority the author of Murray's Handbook for Berks, Bucks, and Oxon is indebted for the following statement : u There is an old and existing belief that no viper will live in the parish of Dorchester." ^ One would expect to find such a notion men- tioned in Plot's Natural HUtoru of Oxfordshire: as regards Dorchester. However, the readers of " X. & Q." may like to see paragraphs 35 and 3G of his seventh chapter, being the chapter headed "Of Brutes:" — " 35. Of other reptils we have little to say, but that in the Lordship of Blechington [now spelt Bletching- don •], and all the more northern parts of Oxfordshire [Dorchester is in the southern part of the county, being nine miles south-east of Oxford], no snakes have been ever or very rarely seen, in so much that I met with several ancient people about Deddington and Banbury that scarce ever saw a snake in their lives, at least not in that country. And [at Blechington 'twas confidently believed that a snake brought from any other place, and put down there, would instantly dye, till I made the ex- fteriment and found no such matter : Whereupon I got eave (in the absence of the family) to inclose my snake in thecourt, before the Right Honourable the Lord Angle- sey's house, to see what time would produce, leaving the gardener in trust to observe it strictly, who found it indeed, after three weeks time, dead, without any sensible external hurt. " 36. How this should come to pass, is a question indeed not easy to determin [sic], but certainly it must not b«' ;iM-ril>ed to the talismamcal figure of the stone ophio- morphites to be found about Adderburv, and in most blue clays, whereof there are plentv in this country Since these are to !>e met with about Oxford too, and in many other places where then* are snakes enough. Be- side, we arc informed by Cardan f that Albertus Magnus had a stone that, peing naturally mark'd with the figure of a serpent, had this do less admirable than contrary virtue, that if it were put into a place that was haunted with serpents, it would draw them all to it. Much rather may we subscribe to the cause assigned by Pliny, J who seems confidently to assert that the earth that is brackish, and standefb much upon saltpetre, is freer from vermin than any other. To which we may add (if need be) sulphur and vitriol, whereof there is plenty in these parts of the county; but whether by one, two, or all these, though we dare not pronounce, yet that it is caused by some such mineral steam disagreeable to the animal, I think we may be confident." The first edition of Dr. Plot's Natural I littery of Oxfordshire had the imprimatur of the Vice- Chancellor of the University of Oxford, April 13, G7t). " The second edition, with large Additions * and London in 1705. I ha\o quoted from this second edition. Among the "Additions to chap, vii." is the following : •• § 35. There are no snakes near Badmintou in Uloces- tershire : The cause is the barenness and coldness of the land thereabouts, for snakes are bred out of rich, fat, hot mould and mud (whence we common! v find them about ditches, and low, rich, shady grounds, lurking under long grass) of which this country affords no great plentv. Ilesides, it being an open country, it wants that shade and shelter they delight in." — Brit. Bacon, p. 73. This Brit. Bacon, is the work referred to in th»» * Bletchingdon is scarcely four miles, as the crow flies, east by north-east of Woodstock. t !)e 8*btilitatet lib. vii. X Nat. Hist. lib. xvii. cap. 4. 58 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4*S. 1. Jan. 18/68. following extract from the " short account of" Dr. Plot "by that curious naturalist, Mr. Ed- ward Lhwyd, Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford/' which is prefixed to the beginning of the second edition of Dr. Robert Plot's Natural History of Oxfordshire : "In the year 1077 he published his Natural History of Oxfordshire, which lie wrote (as [vid. p. 339. Athen. Oxon.~\ 'tis thought) in imitation of a book of Dr. Child- rey's, entituled Britannia Baconica, or the Natural Rari- ties of England y John Hoskyns-Abrahall, Jrx. Combe, near Woodstock. THE SKYRACK OAK. (3rd s. xii. :m.) I remember the Skyrack Oak ever since rav boyhood, when it was a more picturesque object than it is now; and at a future time I will supply you with some of the traditions which It is now only were then extant respecting it. the ruin of what was once a fine oak tree. Fifty years ago very few persons who went to view the remains of Kirkstall omitted, in going to or from Leeds, to look at the Skyrack Oak, which is in the immediate neighbourhood of the abbey. In the Annals of Leeds, by Edward Parsons (vol. i. p. 190), it is thus noticed : " The principal object in the village of Heailingly is the venerable oak which has defied the storms of a thousand winters, and which for hundreds of years has presented to the observer a decaying memorial of ages long since passed away. This remarkable tree has been conjectured by some — and the supposition is warranted by its evidently extreme antiquity — to have witnessed the horrible religious rites of the ancient Britons, and in fact to have formed part of a Druidical grove. Universal tradition declares this to have been the tree under which, in Saxon times, the shire meetings were held, and from which the name of Skyrack (shire oak) has been imposed upon the wapentake. Of course these traditions afford no positive demonstration ; but, in spite of scepticism, they render the supposition extremely probable, and induce the conclusion that it must be founded on fact." So much of poem and legend has been mixed up with the history of all such objects, that it is impossible to discriminate the false from the true. Thoresby, in his Ducatus Leodiensis, gives a more full account of the oak, and I must refer your correspondent to that authority for replies to his other queries. In Whitaker's edition of the Ducatus (p. 81), the following explanation is given. I give it with the notes of reference : [" Hundreds or Wapentakes]. Ten of these De- curia, or Tythings, made the Centuria or Hundred; these in some places (and particularly in these Northern Coun- ties) are called Wapentakes, the Reason of which De- nomination is distinctly mentioned in the Laws of King Edward the Confessor (8), viz. when a Person received the Government of a Wapentake, at the appointed Time and usual Place, the elder Sort met him, and when he was got off his Horse, rose up to him ; then he held up his Spear, and took Security of all present, according to Custom ; whoever came touched his Spear with theirs, and by this touching of Armour were confirmed in one common Interest ; and thus from ptepnil, Weapons, and tac, a Touch, or caccane, to confirm* they were called Wapentakes ; but here the Reader is to be cautioned that he run not into the mistake of the learned Editor, who takes Ewencickshire for Warwickshire, whereas it is in- disputably Yorkshire, as appears from ancient Manu- scripts, and Coins minted here, &c f4< Skireake], It may not l>e amiss here to note, that this Wajyentake of Skireake seems to have received its Denomination from such a Convention at some noted Oak, or, to use a local Word, Kenspack-Ake. That Hun- dreds received their Names from a 7"re^, Cross, Stone, &c. is familiar; and that Places were named from Oaks in particular is the less Wonder, because ours are said to be the best in the World. Hence Oakham, Ockley, Ake- ham, Aukland, so called (as Surron in Greece was) from the Oaks; and so the whole County of Berkshire* from 4 Iieroke, a disbarked Oak, to which, when the State was in more than ordinary Danger, the Inhabitants were wont in ancient Times to resort, and consult about Publick Matters ' (f). From some memorable 0<iA (yet called in the North an Ake), where the Inhabitants usually met upon such publick Occasions, which was probably at Hedinglev in this Parish (of which sec p.* — ),we mav safely conclude that this Waf>entake was named Skireake, or the Shire- Oak, which according to the Saxon Orthography was (as it is pronounced to this Day) rcype-ac, for the Inter- position of the h was not brought in till the Time of the Normans, who wrote it Schire. If any argue the Im- probability of all the County Freeholders meeting at this Place, I shall not contend (though that there were such general Assemblies, and in all likelihood at such a Place in those ancient Times, rather than within walled Towns "("). is no improbable Conjecture) for it as eflfec- tuallv answers this Etymon, if onlv the Inhabitants of this Wapentake, or this Division (Ab A. -Sax., rcytian, to divide into Share>), assembled there. I shall only add, that the Hundred- Courts, which in some places were held every three Weeks, in others but once a Month, were reduced to the County Courts by Statute 11 Edw. III." " (•) Edit. Wheloc, p. 45. (*) Camden's Britannia, N. E., p. 137. (u) Thus a Palm Tree served Deborah for her West- minster-hall, when she judged Israel, saith Dr. Fuller, in his Church Hist., p. 60. The whole of the chapter from which the above is extracted will be instructive to G. II. of S., but it is too long for insertion in your columns, lie will find that the division of the county into hundreds, or wapentakes, wap. made in the times of our " Saxon predecessors.'' It would be in vain to seek for the precise date. It will be ob- red, that I have care full v followed the text, even to the adoption of the numerous capital let- lers and the italicising. My copy of Whitaker leaves a blank where the page ought to be in- serted,* and all the copies I have had an oppoiv tunitv of consulting have the same omission. The reference ought to be to p. 148, where, under the head of u Scyrake," the oak is once again re- ferred to. The interest of the quotation will be .an apology for its length. T. B. Shortlands. i* S. I. Ja*. 18, '*$.] OTES QUERIES 59 Like the Wapentake of Shyrack in Yorkshire, the Hundred of Dodingtree/ in the county of Worcester, and the adjacent Hundred of Broxash, in the county of Hereford, are both derived from some ancient tree under whose shade the courts of the district were anciently held. Thomas E. Winxixgton. The manor and chapelry of Shireoaks, in Not- tinghamshire, are so called from the fact that an ancient oak there marked the junction of the three counties of Nottingham, Derby, and York. Fredkric OrvRY. CHARLES I. AT OXFORD. (3'd S. xii. 523.) The following, which are in my collection of old pamphlets, may possibly interest your corre- spondent Corntb. : 1. " The Humble desires and propositions of the Lords and Commons in Parliament assembled. Tendered to His Majesty 1 February, 1642. With II ia Majesties G rations Answer thereunto.— Printed, by His Majesties Command, At Oxford, Bv Leonard Lichfield, Printer to the Vniversity. 1643.* This tract is one of sixteen pages, small 4 to, and contains, together with the above u The collection of all the particular papers that passed between His Majesty, Both Houses, and the Committee, Concerning the Cessation." 2. *• The Reasons of the Lords and Commons in Parlia- ment, Why they cannot a^ree to the Alteration and Addi- tion in the Articles of Cessation offered by His Majesty. With His Majesties Gratious Answer thereunto, April 4, 1643. Printed, by His Majesties Command, at Oxford. Bv Leonard Lirhfold, Printer to the Vniversitv. 1643. Snt. 4to, 21 pp." 3. ** The Votes agreed on bv the Lords and Commons concerning a treaty ; and Their desire of a safe conduct for a ComjDittce named by them, contained in a letter of the 28. of February from the Earle of Manchester to the Lord Viscount of Falkland. With His Majesties Gra- tious Answer thereunto, and a Copy of His Safe Conduct. Also, The Articles concerning a Cessation proposed by both Houses of Parliament, and a letter of the 28. of February from the said Karle of Manchester, to the said L. of Falkland, in which they were inclosed. With His Majesties gratious Answer to'the same. Sm. 4to, 13 pp." [\\ ithout printer's name or date, but evidently from the press of Leonard Lichfield, as the type and 'paper are similar to Noe. 1 and 2.] I subjoin an extract, by way of note, from No. 3 : — " His majesties waft Conduct. " Ovr Will and Pleasure is, And We doe hereby straitly Charge and Command all the Officers and Souldiers of our present Army, and all our Ministers and Subjects whatsoever, to permit and suffer Our liight trusty and Right wellbeloved Conzin and Counsellor Algernon Karle of Northumberland \ and Our Trusty and Welbeloved William Pierrtpont, Esq., Sir William Armayne, and Sir John Holland, Knights, and Bulstrode Whitlock, Esquire (together with their servants), to passe and repasse to and from Vs, without anv Let or Hinderance, they being now sent to attend Vs from Our two Houses of Parlia- ment. This Our safe Conduct under Our Signe Manuall and Royall Signet, We Charge and Command them, and every of them, punctually to observe and obey, as they will answer the contrary at their utmost perills. 44 Gicen at our Court at Oxford, the third of March, 1642." J. Harris Gibson. Liverpool. CINQUE PORT SEALS. (3* S. xii. 4:33.) The ships of the Romans had the rudders passing over the side of the vessel ; sometimes there were two to a ship, at others four — two at the prow, and two at the stern. In Stoach is a vessel without oars, going at full pail with two rudders at the stern. These had sometimes, at their issue from the ships, projecting cases, serving no doubt to keep the helm perpendicularly to the sea. A cross piece (a kind of clams) governed the vessel with more facility. In all Anglo- Saxon ships there are two oars at the stern for steering, instead of a rudder. The ship in the Bayeux tapestry is a long galley, with a high crook at the stem, topped by a figure, and a similar one at the prow, taller, with a bust above. The rudder (in the form of a large oar) is on the side, and there is a single mast with a top to it, and a square ornamented yard. A good draw- ing of this ship your correspondent may find in Kosbroke's Encyclojxrdia of Antiquities, p. 208, fig. 14. The derivation of rudder will show that it was primarily an oar: Saxon rothrre from rowan, to row; Herman ruder, Old German ruodar. The modern rudder was not in general use till the middle of the reign of Edward III. or about 1350, though the old plan of steering ships by a paddle on each side was not abandoned till long after. In a MS. of about the year 1800 two drawings of ships are given, in both of which the rudder appears at the stern, and a man is seen steering with a tiller. In another MS. of the middle of the fourteenth century there are two delineations of Xoah's ark represented by ships having a large house on their decks ; both of these have rudders at the stern, with two pintles and gudgeons, and a tiller. From the perfect manner in which the rudder appears in these drawings, it is highly probable that, though not then, nor until a much later period in general use, yet it had long been applied to large vessels, whose height and size out of the water must have ren- dered it extremely inconvenient to steer with the ancient paddles. (See Steinitz's History of the Ship.) In the vessels represented on media* val seals the sail is covered with armorial compositions 60 OTES AND QU [4* S. I. Jan. 18, »68. formin as Mr. Boutell observes {Manual of 11 9^ ami* of arms. In the seal of Heraldry, p. 412), satis of arm*. Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (High Admiral, c. 1416), the sail of the ship is charged with the arms of Beaufort ; and in that of John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon, c. 1430, "Admiral of Eng- land, Ireland, and Aquitaine/' a noble-looking ship is displayed with a sail of Holland of Exeter. The seals of the Cinque Ports of Kent and Sussex exhibit curious ships displaying their own proper banner, the lions and ships dimidiated with the banner and shield of England. John Piggot, Jvx. Aggas's Map of London (3rd S. xii. 504 ; 4th S. i. 20.) — In your impression of Dec. 21, Mr. Halliwell remarks that, in Mr. Bohn's edition of Lowndes, it is stated that there is a copy of Apgas's Map of London, 1500, in the Sloane collection in the British Museum; and then inquires whether Sir Hans Sloane's maps and prints formed part of the original collection of the museum, and asks for a reference to the old map. The answer given is — " It is doubtful whether Aggas's Map of London, 15G0» is in the Sloane collection at the British Museum. At an}- rate, it has never been seen either by the keeper of the maps or by the gentlemen connected with the manu- script and print departments." I think it only right to state that there is no doubt about the matter; and when the question was put to me a few weeks ago, I answered then, as I should have done any time these four-and- twenty years past, without hesitation, u It is not here." The error is in Lowndes, and lias arisen out of a very natural conclusion on the part of the editor. In Brayley's Londiniana he found men- tion made (vol. i. p. 83) of a copy of Aggas having to Sir Hans Sloane. Brayley's authority belonged was Gough, who (vol. i. p. 745) speaks of "two copies in the hands of Sir Hans Sloane and Dr. Mead." As Sir Hans Sloane's library did form part of the original collection of the British Museum, it was reasonable to suppose that the map spoken of as in the hands of Sir Hans Sloane would be Duke of Roxhfrghe (3rd S. xii. 294, 422.) E. C. and Kusticus appear to be somewhat hypercritical in the objections taken to the ortho- graphy of the title and residence of the noble house of Cessford. Roxburghe is as often spelt with the final e as without it, and the practice of most of the Peerages since the commencement of the present century appears to be in favour of the addition. Wood's edition of Douglas's Peerage adopts it in 1813, and so does the Sale Catalogue of — " The Library of the late John Duke of Koxburghe, arranged by (J. & \V. Xicol, Booksellers to His Majesty. Pall-Mall, to be sold by Auction on Monday, the 18th Mav, 1812, and the forty-one following days, bv Robert II. Kvans, Bookseller, rail-Mall," do. &c. With regard to "Floors," I must demur to its assumed Norman derivation. It is in fact a ver- nacular term of not unfrequent occurrence in this county, and is applied to the natural terraces on the banks of streams, occasionally formed by the receding current, pronounced in lowland Scotch and also sometimes written "the Flures" or the Floors. Xo example of the French form, or Fleurs, is said to be met with before 1772 (Jeffreys* liox- buryh.y iii. 87). The formation of the ground between the duke's mansion and the Tweed, which gives rise to the name, is very perceptible to any the river from the march- one ] >oking aero- mound on which the ruins of Roxburgh Castle stand. Other examples of the same term, applied to similar terraces, occur in the Ke tours in the registry of a succession to the lands of Flures in the barony of Broxfield in 1632, and again to the lands of Brounhills in the barony of 1* lures and parish of Oxnani, both in this county. In the Kent Roll of Kelso Abbey, the quota paid by Flurislaws, near Greenlaw, is recorded, as well as that from the Flures near Kelso (Chartulary, p. 499 and 508) ; and within half a mile of the place where I am now writing, there is a field on the banks of a small tributary of the Teviot. which has always gone by the name of the Floors, from the circumstance of its rising in steps above the stream. Roxburghshire. W. E. --- Slang Phrases: Feeder: Tick (3rd S. xii. found here. Such, however, is certainly not the 500.) — Cyril will recollect that Dickens, in case ; but I should here mention one very im- Bomhey $ Son, appropriately names the immortal portant fact which has been entirely overlooked, ' Dr. Blimber's assistant " Mr. Feeder." Tick. This word one would have thought to viz. that, in the original statement by Gough, it ...... -AM.o „^~ *,MU „v^ **«,„ ^^^. .„ is distinctly said that the copy "in the hands of be thoroughly slang; but it appears from the fol- bir Hans Sloane'' bore the date of 1<>18, fifty- lowing quotation from Kerr's Student's Black- eight years later than the date assigned in Lowndes done, chap. xv. p. 4G3, to be classi to the original map inquired for, which is thus -If,- says Lord Chief-Justice Holt, "a man send hi* tin own out ot the question altogether apropos of servant with ready money to buy goods, and the servant the British Museum. buy upon credit, the master is not chargeable ; but if the R II Ma top Kaon** rvP +i^ n i i. servant usually buy for the master upon tick, and the it. it. major Keeper of he Department servant buv ^ {hi without the n\a>tei,8 (>rdert vet „ . .' 0t MaPs and Charts. if the master were trusted by the trader, he is liable.'" British Museum, Jan. 8, 1868. X. C. Jan OTES AND QU 61 Lathi Roots (3rd S. xii. 401.)— C. A. W. is right in thinking that Latin is taught at Univer- sity College School on the principle of roots or crude form*. The grammar used is by Professor T. H. Key, who is head-master of the school and professor of comparative grammar at the college ; and an exercise book bv Mr. Robson. on the same Wl cases root and persons and tenses of verbs are certain suffixes added to the word itself, or crude form, as Mr. Key calls it, which of course is not found in literature, but from the examination of the inflections. Thus with nouns, the first de- clension has the crude form ending in a, the second in o, the third • or a consonant, the fourth //, and the fifth e; and similarly verbs are di- vided into the a, e, •*, consonant, and t< conjugations. The crude forms of comu and lupus would not be com and tup, as C. A. W. supposes, but comu and htpo. Mr. Key uses the word f>art of a word beyond which etymology can no urther go, but the crude form is merely gramma- tical; as, for instance, the crude form of spe<taeu- lum would be spectactdo, while the root would be *p*c, the latter part being clearly a sultix. I know this method of teaching is very much ob- jected to by some, but it has in my mind two great advantages. In the first place, it is much easier than the old method, and of that I can speak with confidence, as I had learned from King Edward VI. 'a (irammar for some time with very little suc- cess before going to the University College School. In the second place, boys begin much sooner t • exercise their reasoning powers about the lan- guage, and to take an interest in philology instead of merely learning to translate. The took* in question are published, I believe, by Tavior and Walton in Gower Street. * M. David Garrick (3* S. xii. 502.)— P. A. L.'s long memory puts me on wishing that he had "assisted" at the revival of Shakspcre's Richard III. in 1824, from the Cibberian tomb ; wherein, with the contributions of Garrick vs shovel, it had been forgotten through more than a century. Premising that the original Richard was in its length (3500 lines) and in its form unactable, I extract from the preface to its published re-ar- rangement as presented at ( 1ovent Garden in the above year, the differences between the altered and the restored finale of u The Roses " : — " Cibber's Richard consists of more than 1990 lines, of which his own composition amounts to nearly 1100;* • Some of these (among them, perhaps, the "tally- hoing" lines quoted by P. A. K.) may have been Gar- rick's; who made the like Frenchified work with liomto and Juiirt, as Tate made with Lear, and Monsieur Duci with Hamlet and with Ma> htth. t leaving of Shakspere about 900 (in many of which Cibber has made alterations). The play now printed consists of 1960 lines, of which fibber's are not above 100 ; making a restoration of about 860 lines of Shakspere." adapted lie credit ave been sperean < better und ready, who enacted the new Kichard, I take to myself. The discredit of its failure may justly be ascribed to the unpersuadable force of habit 9 which, during three or four generations, had ac- cepted— I lament to sav, that the fifth persists to accept — the patch-work of a clever stagewright, not in place, out as the authentic composition of England's greatest dramatist. E. L. S. Greyhound (4th S. i. 13.) — Your correspond- ent has thrown out a very curious conjecture, which, if followed up by abler readers of " N. & Q." than myself, may probably lead to some result. The "gres,M as he suggests, is in all probability the u hart of grease," or stag in his prime, as op- rsed to the u rascal," or lean unhealthy deer. Now happen to have before me the rare facsimile reprint of the Bolce of St. Albans, edited by Haale- wood, 1810. At e. ij. vo. is a sort of catalogue of beasts to be hunted, and the "dyuers manere houndes." The first beast among the former is the "bucke"; the first in the latter list is the " grehoun," and the good prioress adds : 11 A grehounde sholde be Heeded lyke a snake : and neckyd lyke a drake : fotyd lvke a catte : tayllyd lvke a ratte : syded lyke a teme : and cliynyd lyke a beine." This is just the description of the Scottish deer- hound, and one would naturally suppose the first- named hound was intended to hunt the first- named beast. Now it is remarkable that in the description of hare-hunting in the same work, d. iij. recto, there is no mention of anything like coursing in our acceptation of the term. In the Gentleman's Recreations, Lond. 1710, there is a minute ac- count of our present custom, with long rules for its practice, if a gres" be the buck in his prime, "grehound" maybe fairly, I think, assumed, as vour correspondent suggests, to be the buckhound. A. A. Poets' Corner. Cincini>el/k (4th S. i. 12.) — There can be no doubt but that your correspondent is perfectly correot. The tradition to the present day in Italy, confirmed by my own observation, is the same as that of Pliny, that these insects only appear just as the harvest is ripe, and disappear 62 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4*S.I. Jan. 18/68. a3 soon as it is cut and carted. Their light is most brilliant. They fly gracefully sometimes, very quickly, sometimes just gliding along. The most I ever saw at one time was on driving from Leghorn to Pisa to see the "luminare" on San RanieiTS day (June 17). There were myriads of millions of them, gracefully skimming the tops of the stalks of com. It was the most fairy- like scene conceivable. A gentleman who had travelled both in the East and West Indies, at once pronounced them to be the famous u fire- flies." It is said they are sometimes seen if there be a second harvest, as of " seggiola,'' but I never saw them after the first. We caught several in gauze nets : they were much like what the chil- dren call " soldiers and sailors/' With Aristotle on the elephant may be com- pared Pliny, Natural History, book viii. chaps. i.-xi. Pliny prefaces his instances of the intelli- gence of the animal by speaking of it thus : "Maximum [of the land-brutes] est clephas, proxi- mumque humanis sensibus : quippe intellect us illis ser- monis patrii, et imperiorum obedientia, officiorumque, qua» didicere, memoria ; amoris et gloriae voluptas ; immo vero (qua? etiam in homine rara) probitas, prudentia, ivquitas ; religio quoque siderum, Solisque ac Luna* veneratio." JoiIN Il0SKYXS-AnR.VnA.LL, Jun. Corsie, Corsey (3rd S. xii. 390, 510.)— Thia is familiar to me as a puzzle of some standing ; for I have never found any proof of its etymology. The word is not uncommon. The signification of As to the word ik baticesola," it is new to me ; it is, invariably, a corrosive, and not care, as erro- but probably is simply a provincialism for the neously stated by A. II. ; although, when he goes on to give it the sense of u cauterizing or corroding care/' he is very near the mark indeed. This suggests a connection with the Latin corrosio, but it is hard to prove, though it is certain that word " baccherozzolo," a "glowworm," an insect which gives a li^ht but cannot fly. A very pood account of both these insects is given in the Ency- clopedia Britannica, art. " Entomology." A. A. Poets' Corner. th of etvmolopv Pfinv'i Your correspondent seeks tne baticesola. Has he pot the right word ? "lampyridas ' might be translated " baccheroz- zolo." II. As your correspondent Mr. Ramage asks if any others have seen the tire-flies he mentions else- where in Italy, I beg to inform him that I have seen them at Salerno, beyond Naples, in the month of May. In addition to what he states, I we find in the Faerie Queme the adjective corsive doing duty for corrosive. This sense, a corroding canker or corrosive will explain all passages save one, which I shall adduce, in which it means a corro- sive in the sense of a caustic, a violent remedy. That it is not from caveo, cautus, should be ob- vious to all who remember that cautus is not corttts, though sounding a little like it. I do not think it is from the A.-S., but from the French ; but proof fails me. The earliest example of its use I have yet seen is in the following line which observed that" on approaching the ground or any * f c,°pi*lfor Mr. Furnivall out of a Cambridge other object in their flight they cast a sensible illumination on it. Not having seen them in any other part of Italy during a long tour, nor in Sicily or Greece, I think they must be confined to few localities, and that their period of appearing is short. II. B. A PniLosornic Brute (3rd S. xii. 130.) Looking through back numbers of " X. & Q." I have come across the following query of B. J. T. under the above heading: "What Greek author gives this designation, and to what brute ? " The following words are in Aristotle's History of Ani- mals, book ix. chap, xxxiii. (or xlvi. according to another numbering) : iravrwv hi TiQaavoTaTov nal vficpwrarov ruv aypiwv iarivb i\tyas9 iroWa *)ap Ka\ vaiScfaroi tea) {wiV" ' bre\ Kal irpocrKvu^u dfidanovrai rbv fkvtrOd* ' ttrri l\ ical tvalaOriTOP ical awAcru t$ 6.\\y vnepfiaWov. These words may be rendered into English thus : — • ° " Now of all the wild animals, the elephant is the tamest and the gentlest ; for in manv things is it in- structed, and many does it comprehend; thus, elephants are taught to make the salam to the king. Moreover, tins animal is of quick perception, and it is superior to other animals as regards intelligence in general " MS. : u Nor no coresy may queth that qued ; •. e. u Nor can any caustic remedy that evil." (See Political and Love Poems, ed. Furnivall (E.E.T.S.), p. 217.) It should be noted that the question is compli- cated by the fact that there are three words with this pronunciation — viz. (1) corsie, a corrosive; (2) corsie, adj. corpulent, from the Latin corpus; and (3) the term in the following sentence. Cot- " Coursie, part of the hatches of a galley, tearmed coursie.' Aud then there is corse, to curse, and causey, a causeway, used by Sir David Lyndesay about the ladies' dresses that "sweep the kirk and causey clean. M I regret that I have no more exact proof of its derivation to offer. Walter W. Skeat. Cambridge. French King's Badge and Motto (3rd S. xii. grave gives, 502.) The arms borne by "nostie auguste Monarque, Louis le Grand, roy de France et de Navarre," are thus f»iven by Trudon (Traitc de la Science du lilason, Paris, 1689, p. 44) : " D'azur h. trois fleurs de lys d'orf Tecu ou cartouche timbre' d'un casque d'or ouvert, &c. ; couronn^ de la couronne Impcrialc Fran9a1.se; entoure des colliers des ordres de St. Michel et du St.-Esprit: soutenu par deux 4"»S.I. Jas. 18, '68.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 63 anges vet us en Le'vites, la dalmatique aux Anaux de I'&u, tenant chacun une banhibre de France: le tout pos< sous un grand pavilion d'azur fleurdelisl d'or, double d'hermine* ; le comble bnxte d'or, couronne de la couronne Impe'riale Fransaise; lc pavilion attache k Voriflamme ou banniere du royaume, surmont^ de la devise Itoyale, Ace pluribut imparl The device on the oriflamme was the sun in its splendour. Job J. B. Wokkard. Gab (3rd S. xi. 337; xii. 511.)— My remark- that the otigin of this word appears to be lost, seems to have been completely misunderstood. Of course it is the O. F. gaber. But it alw answers to the A.-S. gabban and the Dutch gab- beren; and gob is (says Mr. John Piogot) the Gaelic for beak. It is also certain that gab means mouth in Danish, whence gabe, to gape or make a large mouth ; gahflnb, a chatterbox; gabmund, a caper, a blab, or a tattler. See Ferrall and Repp's Danish Dictionary. Now what I mean to express is this, — that when we find a word occurring in A.-S., in O. F., in Dutch, Danish, Gaelic, and other languages, it is clear that such a word must be of very great antiquity, and its remote origin appears to be lost. But a reconsideration of the question leads me to perceive that a word for mouth would be a primitive and simple word (formed possibly from the gabbling or gobbling noise it makes), and I now feel sure that there must have been a primitive word gab, mouth, which is still preserved unchanged in meaning in Danish, which is the Swedish and English gap, the time which your correspondent, Bos Piger, mentions. I have met with the names of various members very frequently in old deeds ; e. g. Alured le Spicer, Provost of Oxford, 1247-8; Thomas Spicer, Provost 1249-50; and John Spicer as late as 1402. "While of the two mentioned by Bos Pigkr, the father's name occurs between 126G and 1200 (in the year 1288 as mayor), under the various forms of I^esspicer, le Picer, le Specer, le Espicer, and le Mustarder; and his son Kichard, recovered it may bo hoped from his early diffi- culties, was mayor about the year 1310. W. D. Macrat. Grandy Needles (3rd S. xii. 320, 530.) The game alluded to is common in the Eastern Counties, but is played differently. Two girls stand facing each other, and hold both their hands up joined, the right hand of one to the left of the other, so as to form an arch, under which the other girls run in a row hand in hand ; while the two form- ing the arch, when the last conies, lower their hands and try to make her their prisoner. The song, sung by the girls in file, is as follows : 44 Lift up your hands so high, so high, And let King George and his lady come by. It i> *o dark, I cannot sec To thread the tailor's needle." F. C. H. German-English Dictionary (3rd S. xii. 524.) Having had experience of several German dic- tionaries, I can confidently recommend Lud wig's the Gaelic gob, and from whence are derived all Keues ^'"i"'^ such words as the Dutch gabberen, the French gaber, the A.-S. gabban, and the English gajw, gabble, jibber, jabber, and even gaby. For a gaby :m is a gaper, who stands with open mouth like idiot; tor the proof of which see Wedgwood, s. v. 11 Gaby." Walter W. Skeat. Cambridge. Masonry (3'4 S Without xii. 371, 520.) entering into argument or controversy unsuited to the pages of " X. & Q.," I wish merely to in- form A. A. that Freemasons are incapable of admission to the incapable the Catholic sacraments in Church in England, as well as on the Continent. The same prohibition applies to all other secret societies ; but on other grounds than " their in- terference with the ditties of the confessional,*' if I rightly understand the meaning of the writer in these word*, which is by no means clear. F C II ! judgment I can fully rely, who h Espec (3rd S. xii. 245, 317.) — I believe that ' me that, from his own experience all through life, this contracted name occurring in Oxford records, , he is quite convinced of this influence. The moon- implies no connection on the part of the holder light shining into his room always renders him with the northern baronial family of 1/ Espec, but more or less restless, and this is not to be attri- rather denotes, their occupation, which was that buted merely to the light: for he feels no such of Speriarius, Epicier, or drocer. They appear to effect from tlie early daylight on summer morn- have been a family of some civic importance about ings. But he has again and again observed, when lVbrterbuch, printed at Leipsic for John Mackin- lay, Strand, London, 1810. I have constantly used this dictionary for upwards of fifty years, with great satisfaction ; ana it has very frequently happened that, when other dictionaries had been consulted in vain, the words or meanings sought for have been found in this of Ludwig. F. C. II. Lunar Influence (3rd S. xii. 510.) — The idea of the young ladies that the full moon, especially at harvest time, had so much influence as to be able to drive them mad, was certainly outrageous and superstitious. JJut it was not entirely unfounded. Whether the moon's influence is stronger at the harvest season than at other times, may be doubted : but that moonlight has an evil intfueuce in certain circumstances, I think pretty certain. I know a gentleman, advanced in age, whose word I can confidently take and on whose often assured 64 NOTES AND QUERIES [4* S. I. Jan. 18, *68. his sleep has been unsound, without any apparent cause, that it has happened on a moonlight night. Indeed, he is so convinced of this influence of the moon, that he always strives to exclude the moon- light from his bedroom as far as possible, and has a strong dislike to moonlight nights. F. C. II. Bishop Geddes (3rd S. xii. 383, 513.) ,-TThe song alluded to was certainly the composition of Dr. Alexander Geddes, and not of his cousin Dr. John Geddes, who was Bishop of Morocco in the song : " There is another humorous thing, I have heard said to be done by the Catholic priest Geddes, and which hit my taste much : 1 There was a wee wifeikie, was coming frae the fair, Had gotten a little drapikie, which bred her meikle care ; It took upo' the wifie's heart, and she began to spew, And co' the wee wifeikie, I wish I binna fou, I wish, &c. &c.' " r. c. ii. Bisnor of Madura (:3rd S. xi. 510: xii. 512.) When I quoted Dr. Oliver, I should have cor- rected his mistake in calling the see of Bishop Gillard Madura. It was Madaura, a city of Xu- niidia, lying between the rivers Rubricatus and Tusca, now comprised in Algiers. Yet the doctor is not far wrong in his spelling, for Madaura was also called Madams. F. C. II. HOW TO RESTORE PARCIIMENT OR VELLUM IN- JURED by Fire (:3rd S. xii. 503.)— So long ago as August, 1854, I asked a similar question, but under the heading "Singed Vellum" (l%i S. x. 106). If C. J. has not got a tile of " N. & Q." by him, I beg to say that the question was first re- plied to by the Editor in a note, who informed me that an immense quantity of MSS. on vellum, injured by fire, had been restored under the direc- tions of Sir Frederic Madden. Subsequently, a correspondent in lfct S. x. 133 said that, when a manuscript has suffered in this way, it requires very delicate and skilful handling, and that it "must be reduced to a state of pulp before the laminae can be separated." And he added : — " To Mr. Henry Gough, Sen., of Islington, belongs the honour of having (under the direction of Sir Fredekic Madden) succeeded in restoring to use, in a most ad- mirable manner, the injured treasures of the Cottonian Library some of which have proved to be of the highest historical importance." When C. J. bears in mind that the softening process must not obliterate or injure the writing, perhaps he will agree with me in thinking that the restoration had better be attempted only by experienced and judicious hands: otherwise the the poet Burns occurs the following mention of ut such as had been tied up in ordinary result will be like the restoration of most of our old churches of the present day — destruction. P. Hutchinson. Apropos to the query of C. J., « How to restore parchment or vellum injured by fire/' it may be useful to those of your readers who may have such documents in their keeping, to know that in a recent fire where the flames heated the front of the iron safe containing title- deeds and leases on parchment, these valuable documents were rendered almost, and in some cases quite, useless, from the seals melting, and so sealing all the folds together, and from the skins contracting to hard lumps, where they had been simply "put in thp» «af« *' witlirmf on^ s*+iiA,. ^~^_ tection ; D brown paper were as good after the conflagration as before. The safe was one of the best made, and was built in a recess ; and, excepting these deeds, everything, including leather-bound books therein, was perfectly preserved. Perhaps some of your chemical readers can explain the reason of this. F. J. J. Jean Etienne Liotard (3rd S. ix. 473; xii. 537.)— J. may iind some interesting particulars respecting Liotard's works in crayon (and possibly in oil), and their possessors, in'Walpole's Anec- dotes of Painting in England} ed. 1771, iv. flO. Thus. _Old Sayings as to various Days (3rd S, xii. 78.) — A. A. asks if (inter alia) the Surrey saying, "On Twelfth Day, the day is lengthened the stride of a fowl," is in use at present. In my boyhood, half a century ago, and doubtless at this day, there was, and is, a saying at Hull and in the East Riding of Yorkshire : " The days are get- ting a cock's stride longer." Crux. There was formerly in use in the bishopric of Durham, on Twelfth Day I think, the saying— " On Twelfth Day the day is a cock-stride longer." I). Indian Basket Trick (3rd S. xii. 502.) — Nearly threescore years ago, an old connection of mine, who had served in India (H. M. 77th), described this trick as performed before himself and his brother officers; with this notable cir- cumstance, which was, perhaps, casually over- looked by Young Italy's relative— the exhibition took place in one of the officers "compounds " on the open ground. One other trick was also performed : — a girl, who itinerated with the juggler, appa- rently about thirteen, laid herself down on a table ; a thread of sewing-silk was placed across her bosom ; when her companion, after half-a-dozen sweeps of a broad and heavy sword within an inch of her person, swung himself round ; the final blow descended, and cut the thread in twain without touching her skin. 4 4*S.l. Jan. is, '08. J NOTES AND QUERIES. 65 My gallant kinsman narrated all this, teste se ipso; offering neither explanation nor conjec- ture, but simply saying that the performance was closely watched by himself and his comrades. I cannot, of course, attest what I did not see ; but many years' intimate knowledge enables me to warrant his perfect truthfulness. E. L. S. Old Tunes (:5rd S. xii. 462.)— Mr. E. D. Sr ier ask- the dates of certain tunes upon his old hall- clock, for the purpose of determining whether it may be, or cannot be, 180 years old. The names of the tunes are " Harvest Home," u ( Jod save the King," " On a Bank of Flowers," u Minuet by Senesino,'' ,4 March in Scipio," and u Miliar of Mansfield." Of these, four may be set down as exceeding L'K) years, and two appear to fall short of it. The four of older date are, "On a Hank of Flowers," by Galliard ; the "Minuet by Son«-*ino" (an Italian treble singer of the Velluti order, brought to England by Handel) ; the " March in Scipio," by Handel; and "Harvest Home/' — assuming the last to be from Dry den's King Arthur, with music by Henry Purcell. The identity can b«> ascertained by referring to Popular Music of the Olden Time, ii. 583. The two which appear to be h s than 130 years old are, -The Miller of Mansfield," and "God save the King." " The Miller of Mansfield r is, in all probability, Robert Dodslev's "How happy a State does the Miller," from Lis play, Th> King and the Miller of Mansfield. The date of the play can be ascer- tained by reference to Baker and Jones's Bio- graphia Dramatica. Trusting to memory only, 1 should say it is 1746. " God save the King " was first printed in JIar mania Anglirana as "God save our Lord the King." Its popularity, however, may be dated from the latter hall of the year 1746, after the defeat of the Jacobites; when it was first sung at the theatres, and "our Lord" was changed to "Great George." Airs must have attained popularity before they were set upon clocks; and upon that ground I should infer that the hall-clock cannot be older John Wesley's Wig (3rd S. xii. 510.) — I beg to inform Cum bert Bede that the wig of John Wesley was exhibited in the second Public Exhi- bition at Leeds, in 1843, and is thus described in the Catalogue : — "No. 15*2. The Wig of the Rev. John Wesley, be- queathed by him to the father of the present proprietor, Mr. J. Hale." It is a long flowing white wig; and when in use, would exhibit much the same appearance as seen in portraits of Wesley, except that the curl, if it ever had been curl«d, was nearly gone and the hairs somewhat wasted. It was carefully preserved under a glass shade. It is reasonable to suppose that Wesley, in his extreme old age, would feel the need of a wig, and adopted one resembling the mode in which lie wore his natural hair. ('. Fourest, Sen. Womvarde (3rd S. xii. oiM.) — 1 quite agree with Mk. Addis in thinking Mr. Morris is here, for once, wrong in his explanation of the word, becau-»' 1 do not see how to join -weard on to xcol, so as to make sense. Hut the explanation tcolwarde, with wool next the body, satisfies all three quotations, viz. in the Pride of Conscience, in I Her n Plowman, and in the ('rede. It is always connected with the idea of penance or of poor clothing. The quotation from the Prieke of Con- science is very much to the point : 44 And fast and pa woltcarde, an<l wake" Accordingly, when Mr. Addis receives ray edi- tion of the Crede from the E. E. T. S., he will find in the glossary : •4 4 Jr<>hcardr, without anv lvnnen next one's bocv. $4i ns c/tcmi/se.' — Palsgrave. To go windward was a com- mon way of doing penance, viz. with the wool towards one's skin.'' Walter \Y. Skeat. "Toe Prickk ok Conscience" (3rd S. xii. MSS. I dare sav Mr. Morris know of the Douce than the year 1745. Battle at Wigan (3rd S. xii. p. 525.) At any rate it is known that there are plenty of MSS. of this poo:n. There is one, e. g. in Caius College, Cambridge, which I do not think he mentions. No doubt he used the best he e<»uld find. Mr. Perry has already edited, for Wm. Chappell. I the Early English Text Society, some of Ham- The pole's prose treatises. They are worth attention certainly. MSS. of Hampole's works are sulli- cientlv numerous Walter W. Skkat. rare tract named in the Editor's note, is given in the Civil War Tracts of Lancashire (Chethani Series, vol. ii. p. 21 K5) ; and much, on both of the subjects of inquiry, will be found in A Ih'scourse of the Warr in Lancashire (Chethani Series, will find the second ballad he names, li On Sir Lancashire Recusant Ballads (.'lrd S. xii. 47G.) Your correspondent Mr. John W. Bone vol. lxii.), and in Seacome's Memoirs of the House of fitapileg. The inquirer will, however, most easily refer to Baines's History of Lancashire, in which a good memoir and portrait of Sir Thomas Tyldesley will be found in vol. iii. p. 610, with a tabulated pedigree of his family. Thomas Hoghton, of Ho<rhton Tower,'' &c. printed in my little volume of Ballads and Hongs of Lan- cashire, chit jig older tlum tlw W)th Century (18* >.'{), p. 4/i, where it is more correctly entitled " The Blessed Conscience : written on the Departure from Merry England of Thomas Hoghton, Esq. Lancastrieksis. [ of Hoghton Tower." It has been printed several 66 NOTES AND QUERIES. [i"»S. I. Jan. 18/68. times, and there are various versions. Your cor- respondent states that his copy is in twenty-one stanzas; mine is in twenty-two and a half stanzas of eight lines, one half* stanza being wanting. Will Mr. Bone favour me with the loan of a copy of his version, which I would duly return with the variations marked ? I do not know anything of the song concerning John Fewlus or Thulis, the Jesuit executed at Lancaster ; but I have somewhere (at present mislaid) some dog- gerel verses in reference to certain Roman Catho- lic priests and the persecution they underwent. J. H.VRLAND. Cheetham Hill, Manchester. Thomas Barton, D.D. (3r(l S. vi. 471 : vii. 4(5, 104.)— Some clerical error must, I think, have crept into the copy of the document upon the authority of which Rymer and Mr. Bruce have recorded Barton's presentation by the king (Nov. 20, 1629,) " to the rectory of Kynesbury, co. Hunt- ingdon, void by simony." Mr. Gorham searched the Institution Begisters for Eynesbury Rectors without finding Barton's name among them. And it does not appear that the living was void from any cause whatever at the time specified. Edmund Marmion discharged the first fruits of the living Jan. 3, 1015, and his autograph signa- ture occurs in the vestry-book of the parish, May 12, 1G15; again in 1017, and every subse- quent year until 1044, witli the four exceptions of 1034, 1038, 1042, and 104:5, in three of which years the annual parish meeting was omitted. lie signs himself Edmund — Edmunde — EdnwnduA Marmion, sometimes adding j buriensis. St. Neots. Joseph Bix, M.l). The Name of Sheffield (3rd S. xii. 537) first Shcaf-Ficld — that is, the field on the river Sheaf, oi is built. Shay or shaiv (used convertibly) is the A.-S. scua, a thicket, and not a slope a> con- jectured by C. C. 11. Thoresby and Whitaker give many examples of the convertibility of Sharp and Shay j and I Knew persons of both names who belonged to the same family. It. W. Dixon. Seaton-Carew, co. Durham. William Peck's MSS. (3rd S. xii. 503.)— The MS. of the History of the Isle of Axholme, and another quarto volume of Historical and Topo- graphical Memoranda, are in the possession of Edward Hailstone. Horton Hall, Bradford, Yorkshire. The Curate and Conduct (3rd S. xii. 501.)- clergy who " conduct" the services in Eton College chapel, and act as curates in the parish of Eton, are always called " conducts/' E. Walford. Hampstead. iHtSrrllanrou*. NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. The Sailor 8 Word- Book.— An Alphabetical Digest of Nautical Terms, including some more especially Military and Scientific but useful to Seamen, as well as Archaisms of Early J oyages. \\x the late Admiral W. II. Smyth. • Revised for the Press by Vice- Admiral Sir F. Belcher. (Blackie «fc Son.) j The late Admiral Smyth had two qualifications for writing the present book which eminently fitted him for the task, for he was not only a thorough sailor, but he was moreover an accomplished scholar and man of science: and the editor's preface should be read by all who knew the admiral for a kindly and just appreciation of his cha- racter and abilities. It was the last work of a long and active life ; and well may the editor say of it — and what higher praise could be given to such a book as the pre- sent?—"the rising generation will find here old terms (often misunderstood by younger writers) interpreted by one who was never content with a definition until he had confirmed it satisfactorily by the aid of the most accom- plished of his contemporaries." Admiral Smyth's intro- duction is most characteristic of the man ; and we onlv hope that all the youngsters who enter the navy will show their gratitude to his memory for his labours on this most useful Word-Book, by emulating his professional skill and manly character. Parochial and Family History of the Deanery of Triqq Minor, in the County of Cornwall. Bu John Maclean, Esq. F.S.A. Part I. — Parish of B Inland. (Nichols.) Justice in the shape of a fitting county history has not yet been done to Cornwall. Much has been done bv Hals, Tonkin, Lysons, and Davies Uiltart, but much re- mains to be done — more perhaps than any one man could hope to accomplish. Mr. Maclean, therefore, wisely determined to limit his plan, and for some years has devoted such time and opi>ort unities as have been at his disposal to the elucidation of the antiquities and historv both personal and territorial of the Deanery of Trigg Minor, which contains some twenty parishes. Part I., con- taining the History of the Parish ( f Bl island, is now before us. It contains a plan of the ancient church, showing the portions erected during the prevalence of each style of architecture, and a view of the building, with two other plates, and numerous illustrations on wood ; and large Pedigrees of the families of de Toeni, Parker, Rey- nolds, Spry, Kempe, Morshead, and Treise, as well as other genealogies. The whole is preceded by a dissertation on the Tenure of Land during the Saxon period, which will be found interesting as well as useful in showing the origin of many manorial customs and the tenure of land which afterwards prevailed. It is hoped not only for his own sake, but for that of the county, that Mr. Maclean will be encouraged to complete a work on which he has obviously bestowed much care and attention, and which, therefore, deserves the patronage of Tre, Pol, and Pen, and all Cornish men. Paris and Vienne. Thystorye of the Noble Byght Valy- aunt and Worthy Knyght Parvs and of the Fayr Vyenne, the Daulphyns Douqhter of ryennoys. From the Unique Copy printed by Jr*illiam Caxton at Westminster in the Year mcccclxxxv. (Printed for the Koxburghe Library.) The romance of Paris and Vienne is for many reasons a very fitting book to be the opening volume of the Rox- burghe Library. It is of peculiar interest. It relates to a country which has not been very fertile in romantic literature; and Caxton's version of it is preserved in a 4* S. I. Jan. 18, '68.] XOTES AND QUERIES. 67 single copy, formerly the property of George III., and now in the King's library in the British Museum. The little that is known of the literary and bibliographical history of the Romance is related by Mr.Carew Hazlitt in the preface, and the text is rendered more intelligible by a series of glossarial and illustrative notes. The book is very nicely got up, and is to be followed, as speedily as the state of the Subscription List will permit, bv the works of William Browne and Samuel Rowlands ; a volume of Unique Early Jot Books; a collection of Narratives of Early Murders, and other Book Rarities well calculated to please collectors. Quinti Horatii Flacci Optra, cura II. II. Milman, D.D. (Murray,) This is a new and smaller, but not 1« — beautiful edition, of I>»-an Mil man's Horace. We doubt if Bisliop I)«>ugla> of Salisbury, renowned for his vast collections of editions of Horace, had upon his shelves one which could stand a comparison with the edition before us for its typ< gra- phical beauty, combined with the variety and accuracy of its classical illustrations. A prttty Book of Pictures for Little Masters and Misses, or, Tommy Trip's History of Beasts and Birds. With a familiar Description of each in Verse and Prose. To which is prefixed the History of little Tom Trip himself of his Dog Jouler, and of Woqlag the great Giant. Written 6y Oliver Goldsmith for John Newberry, •' the Philan- thropic Bookseller of St. Pants Churchyard:9 The Fif- teenth Edition. Embellished with c harming Engravings on Wood from the original Blocks engraved by Thomas Beuick, for T Saint of Newcastle in 177i>. With the History, Adventures, and Seclusion of the said Blocks for nearly 100 Years set forth in a Preface by the Pub- lislier. (Edwin Pearson, 64, St. Martin's Lane.) This ample title-page shows sufficiently the nature of this book, interesting both to the admirers «>f Oliver Gold.Mnith and Bewick collectors. It is a reproduction of a child's book written bv the author of The Vicar of Wakefield, and illustrated by the incomparable wood engraver of Newcastle; liberally illustrated by Bewick — for Mr. Pearson's rc^-arches after the original bloeks have proved successful — and they have be«n used for the present edition of Tommy Trip. The preface is curiously illustrative of the early history of printing and wood engraving at Newcastle". Literary Scraps, Cuttings from Newspapers, Extracts, Miscellanea, Sec. (Hotten.) A very useful small folio volume for the preservation of those ** shreds and patches "of literary information, which are so often lot tor want of such a rej>ertory as the present. Educational Books. — Just at this period, when the pupils of all educational establishments are about to re- sume their studies, the book-* Hera are busily occupied in the supply of new educational books. As some of these have reached us, we must make a note of them. First we have two supplements to The Public Latin Primer, issued by Messrs. Longman, viz. Subsidia Primaria I., Steps to I Ait in : First Course, being a First Companion Book to the Public School Latin Primer ; and Subsidia Primaria II., Steps to Latin, Second, Third, and Fourth Coursts, being a Second Companion Book to the Public School Latin Primer They are both by the editor of The Primer, and intended as companion books : the first, indeed, may be used as an elementary grammar by those who wish it. I land/took of English Literature, Prose, and Dramatic Writers, by \Y . G. Larkins (Routled^e), is a modest attempt to supply, in a cheap, concise, and learnable form, a tolerable know led t f English literature ; while Mr. Vickers's New Course of Practical Grammar, or Plain Straight Boad to Good English (Pitman), is intended for the use of those who only want to know how to read and write correctly, and not to study the language philo- logical ly. National Pout rait Exhibition of 18P8. — Lord Derby's excellent idea of a National Portrait Exhibition is destined to bear more fruit. The Lords of the Com- mittee of Council on Education have determined to hold, in the Spring, a Third and concluding National Portrait Ex- hibition at South Kensington. This Exhibition will com- prise— 1. Portraits of persons (deceased) who lived be- tween the years 18<K) and the pn nt time. 2. Portraits of persons living before the year 1800, who were unrepre- sented or inadequately represented in the two previous Exhibitions, 3. The Exhibition will be opened early in the Spring of 1868. In order that the |>ort raits maybe properly arranged and catalogued, they will be required not later than the Third of March. ' They will be re- turned in the month of August. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. Particulars of Price, ftc. of the following Books, to be tent direct to the gentlemen by whom they ire i juircd, whose ntmci aud ad- dresses are given for that purpose: — The C"mmcnion Sbryicb ©ci or an Oxrua^o PaATsa-Booa. Small 8ro, 1777. Wanted by Mr. C. M'. Bingham, Bingham's Melcomb, Dorchester. Bcrrb's Visitation or Sbats a*d As»ms. Vol. I. First Series. I Wanted by Mr. K. Wnij'ord, V, BoutcHc Street, E.C. MosnitaTs Ecclbsiastical Histoby. Vol. III. M unlock and Soames' Edition. IfooHvn'a Ecclbsiastical Politt, and other Works. Vol. II. Benin. HanbuD's Edition. Wanted by Mr. Jno. II'. Hum, 13, Duke Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. W.C. Towsr or London. Criibsraak's Plates. Old Saint Pact's. Ditto ditto. , Ersrirb's Brasrn SsurrwT. ■ Lira TsiaoroM Dbath. GosrraVs Fa err, translated by Lord Ellesmere. Ht wick's History «f Q- ad*» r«os. Lano and Watbr Binds. 2 Vols. Wanted r y Mr. Thomas Rett. Bookseller. 16. Conduit Street, Bond Street, London. W. flatter* to Corrfrfpatttoentt1. Unitbrsal Catalog i-b or Boors on Art. All Additions and Cor- rections should be addressed to the Editor, South Kensington Museum, London. VY . Frbbasasonrt. ** Onr who w shes to I now,'* should read De Quincey's Vapcr on Fret masonry in The Londou Mag*,/ ne. Jan. 1824. Cockadbs. Cosmopolitan will find several articles on this sulrject in <>ur earlier volumes. The varied coloured »ne* are used only, we believe, by the Foreign Ambassadors. Jessies Claimants. J. C. II. will find an account of these in "N. ft Q." 2nd 8. i. 1*6,2*7. W. Ltaix. The line — ** Great wits to madness sure are near allied/* is from Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel. Eslion. The couplet occurs in a short poem by S. T. Coleridge, en- tahd " The Knight s Ton,',." .See hu Poems, edit. 1*51. p. 30ft. U. M. Consult the library edi/iim of the Collected Works of Thomas Carlyle in 16 rols. Bro, 1*67-8. Erhata.— 3rd 8. xil. p. bt*. col. ii. line 5 from bottom, for " Jsmes Allen." reail" James- Alan ;" 4th 8. i. p. 30. col. i. line 28, for M Pa a- shorb." rta</ "Pbrsrorij" p. 33, col. i. line \'J from bottom, for " filling up "read" filling it." Curbs or Colons, Colds, and Hoarsbnbss bt Dr. Locock's Pul- monic Wabbrs — From Messrs. Ftrgyson and Sons, Auctioneers. Leek: "The beneficial effects we hare derived from jour Wafers make us feel it a duty to offer you our gratuitous testimony to their superiority orer any other remedy we hare eter tried for colds .coughs, and hoarse- ness, so peculiarly troublesome to our profession." Thene Wafers give instant relict to asthma, consumption, coughs, and all disorders of the lungs, and have a pleasant taste. Price Is. \}d. and 2s. Ski. per box. Sold by all Druggists. " Noras ft QcsRiis" Is registered for transmission abroad. 68 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4th S. I. Jan. 18, '68, " teamed, Chatty, Useful." — Athen^u3I. Now ready, in 12 vols, bound in cloth, each with very Copious Index, price 6/. 6s. A X 1) E It SERIES THE THIRD. The following is a list of some of the principal subjects tr contain manv hundred similar V English, Irish, and Scottish History. Char'es I.'s 'Remember' Cressy _ Place of Cromwell's Burial — Luke's Iron Crown— Ex peti- tion to Carthncrena — Danish In vasions — Swimr — Post-mortem Ex- amination of Prince Henry— Cromwell's Heart— Tomb of Elizabeth- James II. at Faversham— New Champion of Mary, Queen of Scots- Itineraries of Edward I