w im« /^iS ■::.M.tt^'fe '« ■\ -( >■ il" i Illustrated Radical Rhymes — with THE RADICAL ODE — and The Radicals Pronounced and Defined by- JOHN ALFRED SILSBY • »N Pfonanciation according to the Standard Mandarin Romanization Illustrations by Miss MARTHA LAYER — and— Mr, HAN REN DEH SHANGHAI : AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN MISSION PRESS J9 J2 ;.li.-JS\iiiai .4 r D ^ WKm CONTENTS. Tabi,e of the Radio ai«s ... . . ... The Radical Ode Radical Rhymes The Radicals Pronounced and Defined Standard Mandarin Romanization 4 7 II 27 33 k 'Hiiir "'iiiilllPW'^^wpp^sppiPSipipp TABLE OF J 20 A ;l "A "A 10 14 15 > .9^ 24_L. E 271— 3 30 p 33_L.. 37-^ 38^ 39:^^ 40|JL» 44 n 49Q 53 r^ 57 59 60 >^ 61 |>^ >|i 69^ "H 74^ 78^ 79^ 84^ 88/i> 9oa^ 9.^ 9=^ 93iji s 95^ 963g 3E 99-g. H 104^ 100 lOI 102 i T iP THE RAD CALS. "^ ''Pi "± 6 ISA*. "^ PU 29- 33; 34Q 35=^ 3« 37 39>^ -H- 43 ''Pi 48^ 49-^ 1=1 53; 5^ a ->-^ 55 56. 57 58 59 60 61 62 * ^. i 7^ 5 64 65 66 8 68 69 70 71 PI 5 7.^ 73i3s 174. 175 R 177- 178 .-ft.. 179- 180 j^. i8i- 182 E 183 I84>^ 185 186 m 10 187 188JH. W 189;^ 1916^1 192 FtJCl 11 195 196 197 198 199 200 12 201::^ 202- 203 204 13 205 206 207 208 14 209^^ rrr 210 15 211 16 2121 213- 17 214^ sf^»--.«»..^:, j-^ -'t M««»^'Sat»?Bt!^SIJt!W!»«y^ <) THE RADICAL ODE. When Dr. Mateer was putting his Mandarin I^essons through the press, he conceived the idea that a rhyme might be useful in learning the meaning and order of the radicals. It was at his in- stigation, and with the benefit of his helpful criticism, that the following nonsense was composed; in fact the first stanza was the Doctor's own production. The ode has been found helpful as a mnemonic contrivance, and is printed in Dr. Mateer's Ivcssons with the following note : — "The following ode will relieve the student of much labor in learning the meaning and order of the radicals. It will serve as a continuous ladder, with suggestive and ever-varying rounds, which the student can mount with vastly greater ease than he can climb the bare pole of arithmetical numbers. Not only is the first acquirement made easier, but the memory will retain the ode more firmly and recall it more readily than it will the bare numbers." HOW TO BEGIN. One Stroke. — Numbers i — 6. Beginning with unity — , just as you ought. You next make an upright \ , and then make a dot n ; Make a stroke to the left J ^ then a curve Zu and a crook \ , And you've summed up the use of one stroke in a book. Two Strokes: — Numbers 7 — 29. Two Zl hats -*- on one man\ I See that tramp X, walking fast, Enters A slyly at eight A, and the limit H is passed. A covering »-* of ice 'X hides a bench /L and a box U ; A sword 77 of great strength -fj is wrapped up ^j in old socks ; A spoon b in a case d is concealed \2. with ten -f- knives. Divine \> what this means, and then ask the old wives Why that seal p on the cliff f^ made by some selfish X, hoax, Should let a conjunction ^ end up the two strokes ! CONSOLATION *OR AN UNFORTUNATES WIDOW. Three Strokes. — Numbers 30 — 60. Three smacks on the tttouth p ! an enclosure □ so sweet That earth's ±. greatest sage -i: follows X. slowly ^ to greet. THE RADICAL ODE. This evening ^ , great -X lady ic, j'our soti ^ had a fall From a roof^ tha^t was forty-one inches 7f too small /]*. He is lame ;;^, not a corpse /*, and some sprouts iM from the /nV/ tlj, Washed in streams <« by the workmen Xi will keep him quite still. Wrap self^ in a napkin rjl ; make shields ^ for the tender i; : Give shelter f to orphans ; 7«oz/^ ^^ on, their defender ! Joined hands -jiY follow Cupid's dart ~i^, shot from his bozv ^ . Eat/z^'5 head 3. ', don plumage-^ \ his footsteps ^ you know. SUNDRY RKFIvECTIONS. Four Strokes. — Numbers 6i — 94. If your heart <t^ be once pierced by a spear -^ as you stand, Then the door p of eternity's surely at hand ^-. When you've mastered this branch % of the language, be sure You've but tapped -^ at the portal of literature '$i. Though we measure with bushels i\- and catties Jx and squares ;;§', Yet without % the sun's 0 light we could not sell our wares. "Why speak Q of the moon ^ with such rapture my dove? To the shade of the wood :^ do we owe ^ our first love. Stop ih, vicious y^ man, kill ^ not ! Deny # not my prayer ! Can life be compared Jrb with those locks of red hair ^ ? On€s family name ^ is as dear as his breath -^ ; Through water 7J; a.r\d. fire ^C he'll defend it till death. The claws ;]^ of a kitten, my father ^ once said, Should never scratch crosswise 3^, nor climb on a bed ^ ; And a splint )^ twixt the teeth ^ puts an end to all jokes, While au o:x: ^ and a dog ;;^ will end up the four strokes. SAD DBATH OF TWO jSWEr.ERS. Five Strokes, — ^Numbers 95 — 117. Two sombre ^ gon ^ merchants once ate a cticuniber J^ : They slept on some tiles'^, and how sweet '\\' was. their slumber! But to live ^ was no use JW ; in s. field fH, at their efise, In dry goods /E rolled up, they were killed by disease f. Back to back y^ they were laid, dressed in white ^, — 'twas their wish, — 8 THE RADICAL ODR. i With the skin ^ of the cticumber placed in a disk M '• Then an eye g , lance ^ and dari ^ were engraved on a sfone ^ As an emdlem divine J^ of \.\\& foot-prints lij now flown ; This stone, midst the grain >j^ in a cavernous den /C» Was erected 'SL to finish five strokes of the pen. AN ECCENTRIC OlyD STATESMAN, Six Strokes. — Numbers ii8 — 146. "Our bamboo -fj* and rice ^, silk ^ and crocks 'ftj, I am told. Our nets I^, sheep ^ and quills ^ must be taxed as of old ^. Andjj'^^ Hn w&plow -^ on for this fool with long ears 1^\'' "Stick a. pen ^ in his Jlesh ^ ! " cried a boatman with jeers. The statesman S hiinself ^ now arrived '^_w\ih. a tnortar Q : The tongue f^ that opposed ^ him he'd smash and make shorter ! The boaVs ^perverse ^ skipper, with red colored %, face, He tied up with grass j/"}f, and dismissed in disgrace. But when tigers f^ and insects I^ drew blood J5l, he thought best To travel ^ for clothing ^'c and skip to the west "^9 BEWAR]^ OF TH^ SERPBNT, Seven Strokes. — Numbers 147 — 166. Seven strokes we now see ^, and a hor^i ^, — fateful word ^ ! In the valley ^ beans ^ grow, and oi pigs ^ a whole herd ; Great reptiles ^ their precious M. young offspring are feeding ! With legs bare and naked ^ a lad walks ^ unheeding ; Hisybc^ JS gets a sting and his body ^ soon dies ; A coach ]$. brings his mother : how bitter ^ her cries ! 'Tis high time ^ to run ^ from a 7Tgion g so vile, Where wine ^plucks ^ its victims for many a mile S- FI^ESTING RICHES. Eight Strokes. — Numbers 167 — 175. Eight strokes I and now gold ^, after long ^ labor gained. Doth open the doorway f^ oi plenty _f- attained $^. But riches, like birds ^, when the rain p{f hides the bltie ^^ If I am not wrong ^, will fly quickly from you. EO0I,TSH ANGER. Nine strokes. — Numbers 176 — 186. Nine strokes on deface ^ with a raw-hide ^ or leather ^. Or e'en with a leek i^, will raise sowids ef in all weather. ^1^ r- THE RADICAI. ODE. For leaves ;p[ in the wind M.i when theyy^ ||| far awajj-, Don't eat ^ off your head "^j nor burn incense # all day. GOOD ADVICE. Ten Strokes. — Numbers 187 — 194, Ten strokes on a horse jg, with a bone •§• raised on high ^, Will wear off his hair ^, and soon cause him to shy.. "Don't Jight pj about essences ■§ cooked in an nrn ^j, Or you'll find yourself doomed with the demons h% to burn. FISHING AKD HUNTING. Eleven Strokes. — Numbers 195 — 200. Eleven fresh _;?^>^ ^ and a bird .^ caught with salt ^ ; A deer Bl which eats wheat #, tied with hemp ^, calls a halt. GOING TO MARKET. Twelve Strokes. — Numbers 201 — 204. 'i^&lve. yellow ^ millet ^ stalks next you will see, And black |^ silk embroidery H purchased by me. EXPI.OIT OF SOME FROGS. Thirteen Strokes. — Numbers 205 — 208. Thirteen littleyrc^^ H on a tripod ^ once sat, But jumped on a drutn g^, when they saw a big rat JH, RESULT OF A FIGHT. Fourteen and Fifteen Strokes. — Numbers 209 — 2Ti. Fourteen were the noses ^., all eve?i ^ in height, Fifteen were the teeth ®, which were lost in a fight. THE DRAGONS END IT. Sixteen and Seventeen Strokes. — Numbers 212 — 214. Sixteen dragons f| sat on a tortoise ^ last June, Playing seventeen 7?«/(?5 ^; and that wiitds up my tune. 10 RADICAL RHYMES. INTRODUCTORY NOT^. The "Radical Ode " has helped mauy a ftudent of Chinese, to retain in memory the 214 Radicals, so necessary for those who ^ undertake the written language. - ' In the hope that the task of learning the order of the Radi- cals may be made still easier, the author of the " Ode " has composed a new version condensed into 46 lines, in place of the 88 of the' former version, and with 644 syllables instead of 993. Each section begins with a mnemonic word (or words) the con- sonants of which give the number of the first radical in a group having a given number of strokes. This mnemonic method has been used successfully by a good mauy, and is based upon the following values of letters :— T or D=i ; N or NG=2 ; M=3 ; R=4 ; L=5 ; CH, TCH or SH=6 ; K, C hard, Q or G hard 7 ; F, PH or V=8 ; P, or B= 9 ; S, Z or C soft=o. Silent letters and vowels are ignored. Thus, " Do " indicates the ist radical and TRiCK the 147th. Some have successfully applied this method to the whole series of radicals, but I think that the rhyming method will be more serviceable to the larger number. It will require some imagin- ation to see the connection in many of the lines used, but a some- rwhat grotesque arrangement is often remembered where a more sensible arrangement would be forgotten. In order that Radical Rhymes may be a help to those who wish to remember the numbers of the Radicals, it will be observed that most of the verses (or lines) end with a Radical whose number is a multiple of five, and that each line contains five radicals except where, for obvious reasons, this has been found inexpedient. J. A. S. 11 in ^^mmmm RADICAL RHYMES. One Stroke. — Begin Right. Two Strokes.— A Riddle. 13 RADICAL RHYMES. This may be sung to the tune Auld Lang Syne. iV^riH>--V''"-- One S^roAre.— Begin Right. Mnemonic Sentence : A hat for onk old man will do. Do thou begin with unity ; be upright to a dot ; ■'.■-.-'■— I ■ I 2 > 3 ■.';.^^ No left hand stroke, nor curve, nor crook, should e'er thy rec- } 4 ;: Z;5 J 6 ' ■ ord blot. TVo S^ro/res.— A Riddle. Mnemonic Sentence : O honey, give him Two and go. Qo, give two hats to that old man — the weary tram,p of vice- — 7-^8 A 9 JL lo Who enters eight, the lim.it gate, with cover all of ice* All A 12 n 13 '^ 14 J' 15 See now a standi within a dojir, a sw or 4 oi strength wrapt up. ' ;L i6 l/i7 7718 :;^ 19 ^20 A spoon, in m5^ conceaVd with tenl^divine, and win the cup. 1:21 C: 22 ^23 +24" 1^25 A seal upon a cliff is seen, made by a selfish hoax. P 26 r 27 J^ 28 And then a small conjtmction comes and ends the dual strokes. 5C29 13 ■'> ■ •'''.*IW|ipW#'.'-W'yi^^H?»?i*^W^ RADICAL RHYMES. Three Strokes. — A Lady and Her Son. 9 ± /i\ 14 RADICAL RHYMES. r/irree S^roAres.— A Lady and Her Son. Mnemonic Sentence : Home is the place for mouth like Amy's. O AMy'S mouth! enclosure sweet! Earth's sages^ steps P 30 Dsi ±32 ±33 ^34 move slow ! ^35 An evening grand! My lady's son upon the roofy^ov^A go. y l^ fs.Vl iC 38 ^ 39 '^40 An inch too far! A small ^ weak corpse^ where lilies sprout they lay; •jf-41 /h42 %M P ^^ Ui 45 By mountain streams the workman's selfsi kerchief hi^es away. m46 «<47 X48 49 a * 50 Go shield t\i& tender neath your roof; move on, vrithjoinM hands ; iPsi is, 52 r 53 5-54 :fr55 With dart from bow a pig's head shoot ; with feathers step the -^56 ^57 3. 58 ^ 59 ^ 60 sands. 15 RADICAL RHYMES. Four Strokes. — Wise Observations. ^ i6 F.iii'i'JSte.v^-.a^^t --^i^ RADICAL RHYMES. Four Strokes. — Wise Observations. Mnemonic Sentence : Harrow his heart she never should. SHoulD heart with spear from door be pierc'd, — should hand a. tt> 6i :5c 62 ^63 ^ 64 branch once tear, — If tapping letters by the peck could buy an ax or square^ — :^66 ^67 51-68 jr 69 :fr7o ^ Then sure zvithout the sz^^i I speak^ of moon that shines thru ?C 71 B 72 a 73 >^ 74 :^ 75 I owe a stop, lest 5d;af rhymes >^z7/, denying restful ease. ^ 76 Jh 77 3? 73 ^ 79 # 80 Com.pare my //afr and name with ««', with water, fire and claws! Jt8i ^82 ^83 ^84 7jc85i;c86 ;it87 My 5/r^ at;-<?y5'the bed-splint saw the /^^//« of bull-dog'' s jaws. ^88 it 89 ^90>^9i «^92 ^93P^94 17 RADICAI. RHYMES. Five Strokes.— What Two Girls Said and Did. t ^ m m ^'■M-.' i8 ! '.-X^^^'l-: RADICAL RHYMES. Five Strokes.— What Two Girls Said and Did. Mnemonic Setttence: A hill now climbs the black man pale. A PaLe black gem ^ a squash and (i/e, two sweet-born girls did pack ; 2 95 2 96 i& 97 :R: 98 [H* 99 ^ 100 Used for the ^eld warm wraps of cloih; when f//, lay back-ioback. IB loi H 102 7E 103 r 104 f% 105 White was their j/J/« as rff^A of snow ; eyes flash'd like lances 6106 ^107 M 108 g 109 ^ no true ; A dcLrt and stone showed tracks wher6 grain and caverns stood ^ III HiiaSTirs ft 114 * 115 ^ 116 S. 117 in view. ^ ^ 19 RADICAL RHYMES. Six Strokes.— What Dido and Others Did. ii ^ n m ^-* 20 ■r'>^'^5C;::--r7^!^ RADICAL RHYMES. H Six Strokes.— Whsit Dido and Others Did. Mnemonic Sentence : Watch not the bamboo ! Dido fy ! O DiDo fy I With bamboo, rice, and silken skirt she ran, 4t ii8 ^ 119 :^ 120 With crock and net and sheep and plum.e to catch an aged man ! ■^ 121 f59 122 ^123 ^124 ^ 125 ^ifi// plowed the man, on tf«r a /^« ; — his flesh in wrinkles ifn 126 ^ 127 If. 128 ^ 129 % 130 ^ hung;— The statesman now hitnself arrived; a m^ortar mash'd his tongue, E 131 ^132 M133 0 134 I& 135 Opposing boatsy with men perverse, in colored grass all dress'd, JF^ 136 :t 137 ^ 138 fi 139 Wf 140 Like tiger-insects, blood-&lVd,zvork^d, thru clothing from the ^<?j/. jc6 141 A 142 Jlil 143 ff 144 5S: 145 M 146 21 ^mm mm RADICAL RHYMES. Seven Strokes, — A Drunken Vision. Eight Stroke8.-~A Good Ending. 3e: P3 ^^ 22 RADICAL RHYMES. Seven Strokes. — A Drunken Vision. Mnemonic Sentence : Oak trees I S^E ; 'tis not a trick. A TRICK I see / a horn that speaks within a valley wild ! % 147 ik 148 = 149 ^150 Give beans to pigs while reptiles hurt tny precious naked child ! S 151 ^ 152 ^153 K 154 % 155 He walks with foot and 60^ sore,— no ^rflr/ this bitter time ^ — ^ 156 JS 157 I- 158 $ 159 ^ 160 M 161 But walkings fiU'd with aVjj/ wine, \xq^s plucked each /i a dime, ^ 162 g 163 @ 164 $1$ 165 S 166 Eight Strokes,— A Good Ending. Mnemonic Sentence : A foe did steal my goi,d Dutch key. A DuTCH Key— gold— long lock'd the gate, put plenty have I ^ 167 ^ 168 f^ 169 Jfl 170 gain'd, I reached for birds; rain hid the 5/«^, but wrong no longer pain'd. ^171 -^172^173 #174 #175 23 RADICAL RHYMES. Nine Strokes. — Perplexing Experiences. t 0)W Ten S/ro/res.— Quarrel About a Horse. k Eleven Strokes. — Natural History. V^ ?''©/: -.y^ ^iv ^9V^^ 24 RADICAL RHYMES. Nine Strokes. — Perplexing Experiences. Mnemonic Sentence : Abe hid from me a face that's doggish. A DoQgiSHyi?^^, with raw-hide skin, aud leeks that have no sound! Sf 176 177 % 178 179 -#. 180 Like leaves in wind out flew my food ; my head no perfutne H 181 a 182 ?|| 183 ^ 184 "t 185 ^ 186 found. Ten S^roices.— Quarrel About a Horse. Mnemonic Sentence: Woods have conceal'd my old horSR Tewf ik. TewFiK, my horse, with bone was hit ; — high flew my hair and ,ii87 #188 -,^189 #190 beard. , A quarrel rose, and herbs in urns brought iu hy ghosts appear'd. n 191 1192 ffi 193 -^194 Eleven Strokes. — Natural History. Mnemonic Sentence : Dead fish give forth a perfume double. A DovifiL,^ fish won't catch a bird ; salt will not catch a deer ; ^195 ,^^196^197 M 198 But wheat will purchase ropes of hemp where 'leven strokes appear. # 199 ' M 200 25 '■pww'i^^w^SRPPpiaiSiPs^llpiff^ RADICAL RHYMES. Twelve and Thirteen S^ro/res.— Purchase and Adventure. Mnemonic Sentences: \ t ?^" ^^ l^^^u^ l^^^^^ '^ ^f^^Jk . ' I A tomb shall hide that frog's old nozle. A NaSTy yellow fnillet mush, with black embroicVry bought! % 20I ^ 202 H 203 % 204 A NaSaLy^Tg* on tripod chased a drmn-scared rat he'd caught. H 205 S 206 ^ 207 % 208 ^ ^ "^vf Fourteen^ Pifteen, Sixteen and Seventeen Strokes,- Sundry Observations. Mnemonic Sentences : A tear did wet the nose of Nasby. A tael to fill the tooth was needed. Touch not the dragon while he's nodding. Take now a Fr.UTR my merry An- drew. A NaSBy nose is regular; and NeeDeD teeth must suit; ^i 209 ^ 210 @ 211 A NoDdiNg dragon turtles bite, while ANDRew plays th& flute. ft 212 % 213 # 214 26 THE RADICALS* Standard Mandarin Pronunciation 1 stroke. 14 mlh. To cover, a cover. I£ I ^ ih. One, unity. Zi 15 > bing. ^ Icicle, ice. n 2 1 gwin. To pass 1 through, an upright. ^ 16 It gi. y U A bench. la 3 djU. ^ • A point, a dot. ± 17 1 1 kdn. 1 — 1 A receptacle. t^ 4 I pieh. J A stroke to the left. ® 18 -j-f |l dao. J 4 U A knife, sword. I^J CmtU One, a curve. — 19-ft ^^fi- J 4 Strength. fi 6 1 gueh^gou. 4 A barb, a crook. ^i^ 20 /_! bao. J To wrap. ^ 21 T> bi. Li A ladle, a spoon. Jt 2 Strokes, 22r-' fang. 1 — * A chest, a case. :)^ — * Two. ic; 237"^ hsi. L* To conceal. S 8^^ /o«. A cover, a hat. m 24_L» shlh. \ Ten. to 4 y V f A man. ti 25 K *?i. 1 To divine. lo H ren. A man, J u legs of a man. the A 26 -rj pi flf^-ZeA. H L— 4 A joint, seal. tr II Tt r^A. yV To enter. i^ 271 — " han. ) A cliff. m 1 12 rt bah. /V Eight. m 28 # SZi. J-^ Selfish, perverse. ^ 1 4 A limit. m 29^1/ ^^• >^ Also, again. ^ * As very few Chinese teachers can give the names of all the radicals, a well known character is added to aid the teacher in giving to each radical its proper pronunciation. 27 4iPs- m 30-70 THK RADICALS. 3 Strokes. I-J A mouth. 31 1 — I hzuei. I I An inclosure. 32 JL -f- ^^u T; -^ Earth. 33_1_* 4. i ^ A scholar, a sage. ^'V '-i'o follow, a step, 35 'V/ •?««. ■^^)^ Moving slowly. 36 A^ g/^. _ ^ Evening. 3TJL^ da. yV Great. 38 m it Jk A^ woman. 39-;;^ ^S'l. '^ A son, child. 40 . t ^ mien. A roof. ^I — I* if^ze. ^J An tswen. inch. m 42 siao. 43 '^'^ Small. 44 a 45 l^ » wang. Lame, weak, ^£ A corpse. ^ cheh. A sprout. ft 46 . 1 1 shan. A mountain, hill, 47 /// |||^>^ze'a«. <«jll 48-T* gnng 49 pi <§'^. Self. Mountain streams. ^ IE Labor, a workman. SOjjj ^.« A napkin. Sirp gan A shield, to oppose, ^ 52 A. jK«o 53 r Immature, tender, yen. A roof, shelter. 51 54 X JJ'iW. %.— To move on. 55^ff g^^ng. y J Joined hands, 56 J>- ^y^. Vi A dart. g 57 p' <r«^^^. V A bow, archery. X ^^ '-^ /^ ^^- ^ P^S'® ^^^^^' _JL_X* pointed. ^ r:>* Plumage, hair. lU 60 >1 rA.J/z. ^ A step, % 4 Strokes. 61 »> it^ /I^4 f> sin. The heart. ,>^ A spear. 63 S ^«. /"^ A door. 64:rll J-- 5/zt;7^. ^>} The hand. 65 Hb* ^^ J>^ A branch, a prop. .,>C^^ To tap, to rap. ^l-^f" wtn. ,^^ Literature, 68_M d6u. "T" a bushel, a peck. y I An axe, a catty. "i^-y^ f^'^s- A square. 1^ :8 THE RADICALS. 71- 7ir JUyU Without, not. ?K 5 Strokes, 72 pt ^'ih. X-i The sun, a day. 3r> 95-;^ hsnell, y. Sombre, black. <iS 73 \A yxeh, f_| To speak. m 96zijTr rr: -5;jf • -I^,^J--_1^ A gem. @^ 74 R y\i}h. J4 The moon, a month. B 97 rC gzva. yi»V A melon, cucumber. ^ 75 -Jr* iuuh. /|> Wood, a tree. B 98 l-|" z£/a. X\d A tile, brick. ^ 76 Ar> chien. y\ To owe, deficient. ^ 99 -H* S<^^^- tl Sweet. f' 77 |K ^(. 11. To stop. f§ 100 »J* 5(?«^. 'T". To produce, live. m CX ^ Bad, vicious. loi m :)'«7/^. /tj To use. M 79 rL 5/^«. .;sc To kill. ^ 102 frt Hen. Ml Afield. m 80 IT| wu. Ifi* To deny. ^ /t. Roll of cloth. EC 81 LL. bi. XXd To compare. *ft io4^r*-* liih. 7 Disease. m 82^^ ;«d£>. T^ Hair, wool. ]l% 7 V Back to back. m 83 cp ^/4. 4A^ Family name. ± 106 j^ bth. tj White, in vain. r?. "^ Breath, vapor. m. 107 H[j pi. /X. Skin, bark. ^ /Jv y /J> Water. ift 108 mt wi«. nil. A dish, a platter. g6 ''^>*^l ^frt fj 109 tzf viuh. PJ The eye. •R '%>^ Ss. $^ 110 ■ v^ wa<3. ^ A lance, halberd. ^ 88A>/«. .>V Father. It Ill A-', ^/?.'^. y V A dart, an arrow. ^ 89^ hsido. Ja^ Crosswise, % Ii2--y-^ ^>^f/z. '^Il A stone. i- 90 J J chwang. j\ A couch, a frame. JK II3.=^_^^ 5^i. A divine y|| /j'^x^> omen,reveal.ig^ 91 II- pien. /I A splinter, a slice. iW) l-'^J A foot-print. ^ 92 f J". y(^' y\ A tooth. ^ 115^ ^'^o, /\V Giain. m 93 «-.>*> niu. 1 vq All ox, a cow. a 116 i^ hsneh. /\ A cave. jk 94 !*■ v^ chvin. -A.3 A dog. S^c 117-^ /fA. •A, To set up. m 29 mmmmfimmmmmmmmmHmmii mmmmmmm F 118-159 THE RADICALS. 6 Strokes. Ii8/yu dj'u/i. I J Bamboo. IIQ ^Ja ffii- yis. Rice. 1 20 j^ >^ -mlh, szU y\^j\\ Raw silk. 121.^ foti. Hi Pottery. l22n(5T»-r-r^iTr> wdng. A net. 123-Yf ydno^. —j^ A sheep, 1247171 ynl. /y} Feathers. ■^X^ Old, venerable. HO Still, yet. I27;Jt /«/. !?rC A plough. 128-0* er, J4- The ear. •^p- A pen, a pencil, 1301^ rr ^^-^^ |aJ/4 Flesh. jlli A statesman, 132 1^ dzl. 0 Self, from. 133"^ dji. JTl To arrive. 134 tT::! ^i'^i!. f— 1 A mortar. 135:^ sheh. tl The tongue, 136^-L. chwdn. yx opposing, 137 J>L djon. jVl A boat. 138 g ^o-en. J^ Perverse. ■ ^ Color, vice. ^ m mi '^°l!«li-ll' isdo. Grass, 141^^ Au. /X2 A tiger. 142 14-| kwei, (chung). iti i^n insect. 143 ifrt hsvih* iiil Blood. 1444=:^^ hslng. 1 J To go, travel, do. 4x^C Clothes. I46rii± hsia. |U| To cover. I? 52. West. 147 148 7 Strokes. gien. To see. yfe& ^«<^^' A horn, corner, 149-=^ jj'ew. Izt Words, to speak. "XT' A valley, .^^ Beans. shi. A pig. 1,53;:^ rt>ax. r:::^ Reptiles, 154 Q ^^^. ,>% Precious, 155 Jb. r//i>^. 152 ^J'* Naked, flesh color, ^ /X^ To walk, to go. ^ 157 eg CI flT^zi/^. ./CrJJ^^The foot, enough. ^ "^k The body. ^ 159"^ .?"?'(, che. A wheeled carriage. ^^ 30 THE RADICALS. 160-200 l6o Vyt sin. HP" Bitter. ifc» l6i p^ ^/ze«. jlPC Time. Ei X£?^ Walking. ^ 163 Q r7 iA. P^ I V A region, a city. ^ p4 Must, wine. 7^ 165 -rt»^ di^;?, ($JJ tsdiy pluck.) .TfC To sort out. ^ 166 FFt /i. A /* (one- third of a mile). ^ 167 168 8 Strokes, gin. Gold, metal. ^ chang. r:^ Ivong. A door, gate. SS 170^ ^/du. 171 172 A mound, plenty. ^ To reach to, attain, -f^ djui. Birds. ii bhj Ram. 17/1-^4=^ ising. P5 Blue sky, green. 175-It: /^**- Wrong, no. i^ ^ 176 ffi P Strokes, mien. The face. 177 gr ^<^^' -S=p- Raw hide, 178. HFt^ wei. .^i. Leather, I79db ^^"• Leeks. n 180 •=i^ yin. Q Sound. ^^. A leaf, the head. 182 KT /eng. /ffilL Wind. 183:235, /^i. TreTofiy. l84>fcs. ^ 5-^.fA. ^^ To eat. 185-^^ s/idu. H The head. l86;5J5» hsiang. Incense, fragrant. 10 Strokes. 187 BS wrf. iS^ A horse. 188^ giih. R A bone, 189^ gao. r«l High. 190 g^ 6za<7. ^y Hair. I i Quarrel, 192 la^ Chang. nR Herbs, essences. 193^ g^^' PVi An urn. #^ # Sir . 194 eg^ £^^^^- A demon, ghost. ^ // Strokes. 195 /G& j)":^- /»V\ A fish. 196 ^^ nido. ^^ A bird. 197 J^ M. ^ Salt. 198 nfe- /^V-^. /^ A deer. ^ Wheat. 200 1]^ md. Hemp. 31 mmmmmimsmti^P9?-'»mm-r- 201-214 THE RADICALS. 12 Strokes. _^^ Yellow. ■^ Millet. 203 BB //M. 5^ Black. 20^ 4V^ djl. TlU Kmbroidery. /3 Strokes, 20533 1/iin. RSi A frog. 206 i^FJ I (/i«_^. Tib A tripod. 207 ^db <?■«. igX A drum, 208 P^ shu. W^ A rat. Jh 209^ bl. ^$- The n 210: 14 Strokes, bl. ose. tsi. Even, regular. 211 15 Strokes. chl. Fiont teeth. 16 Strokes, 2i2i5:^ lutig. ^E A dragon. 213^^ gcvei. alP^ A lorloise. 17 Strokes, 214-^ j>'C'/'. {R5 A flute. Jtti •=o»'*.iQOf>J««— — 32 STANDARD MANDARIN ROMANIZATION. The following will show the phonetic values of the letters used in the Standard or Uniform System : — FINALS. a as in father ^ but slightly modified when followed by « or ng. at as in aisle. ao as ow in owl. e as in her, perch ; followed by « or ng it has almost the sound of short « in y"««. ei as in weight. i as in police, but shortened when followed by n or ng to i as in ring. ia with the powers of /" and a given above, the accent being on a. iai with the powers of i and ai given above, the accent being on ai. iao with the powers of i and ao given above, the accent being on ao. ie and ien as ee and een in re-enter, io as eo in re-open. iu as iew in view. iung with the same power of iji as given above. i represents the natural vocalization of the preceding initial, represented b}' ih in Wade and by i in Bailer and Mateer, 0 as in go. ou as in soul. u as in rumour. ui with the powers of « and i given above. ung with the same power of u as given above. (f the same as the French «. 33 wmm. mmmKm •mssmffmnnm, mm UPP-i- STANDARD MANDARIN ROMANIZATlON. ve and yen with the power of u as above, aud with the power of e in ie as described above. un with the power of n as above. INITIAI^S. The letters/, h, /, in, n, r, s, sk, w, and y have the same con- sonantal value as in English. The following letters also have the same value as in English, but with strong aspiration : — ck (as in church), k, p, t, ts. The letters dj, g, b, d, dz, are used for the unaspirated forms oich^ k,p, t, and ts, respectively. Of hs the best illustration is that given by Wade, viz., the hs in hissing when the first i is omitted. The combination sz has the same value as 5 ; it is used in the Standard System to differentiate it from the s, which in some dialects changes to sh, Tsh and dzh in like manner have the same value as ch and dj respectively. They are used in the Standard System to differ- entiate those words in the cheng and djeng class which become tseng and dzeng in some districts, from those of which the initial does not change. The above are the phonetic values of the letters described. It will be seen, however, that in using the Standard or Uniform System, there will of necessity be some variation from these values in different districts. Of these the most important is the case of ch and g. In some districts the ch, when followed by i or n, will be pronounced hard aa in catechist, the g retaining its phonetic value as described above ; in other districts, the g will depart from the phonetic value attached to it above and be pronounced soft, 2t.'s,\n ginger , when followed by i or «, the ch in these districts retaining its soft pronunciation. Other less important instances of variation are : — a (alone, or in ia,") which in Nanking broadens to a as in fall. ai (alone, or in iai,") which becomes in some districts more like ei in weight. 34 STANDARD MANDARIN ROMANIZATION. ou . which in the South must be pronounced as if it were eo, like u in dut and o in g-o spoken quickly together. e in ie and «^, which in the South will be pronounced as if it were ei ; while, on the other hand, the en in ien and uen will in the North be pronounced as if it were an, o which in the North will be pronounced as if it were oa. un which in some districts will be pronounced as if it were spelt idn. With reference to these variations it should be clearly under- stood (as a study of a comparative Sound Table will show) that the changes are in the main consistent ; and that, so far as any particular district is concerned, any letters or combination of letters (with very few exceptions) will have the same value throughout the whole system. The following letters, and combinations of letters, are used in addition to those of which the values are explained above : — a described in Mateer's Lessons as like a in fast^ last, when pronounced by Americans. aw as in yaw, like a mfall, i as in {English) men. ein AS \u skein. eo like u in but, and o in go, spoken quickly together. ian like ean in meander. j like the French 7 . oa as \n coalesce . oan with the same values of o and an as already given ; the o being passed over lightly. r this letter is used to represent a sound, heard a great deal in Shantung, which is suggestive of r, but is not a full r sound. That it has to be taken into account, is shown by the fact that it enters into some ch sounds, but not others, a division which corresponds to the classification appearing in other dialects. 35 »-""-."*^"-- ^TSllllBpiWPPiP,, J' .UJJJJi^ Date Due Remington Rand Inci Cat. no. 1 139 ,T/^. ".1"VERSITY UBRARY nil 3 9002 02964 9184 Si3 ' IT" Tg2 Si3 Silsby, J.A, AUTHOR Illustrated radical rhymes. TITLE DATE DUE BORROWER'S NAME 4(/6 ^^^ cngt *-»' -~> t r&