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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,

H Journal of Zooloo^.

EDITED BV

The Hon. WALTER EOTHSGHILD, Ph.D., Dr. EENST HARTEET, and De. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XV.

No. 1.

Pages 1—2 GO. Plates I. lo XI.

Issi-ED June 2oth, at the Zoological Museum, Thing.

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WAT80N Ic VINEi', Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1908.

Vol. XV.

N0VITATE8 ZOOLOGICAE.

EDITED BY

WAITER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. I.

PAGES

1. NOTES CRITIQUES SUE QUELQUES TROCHI-

LIDAE E. Simon and C. E.

HeUmayr . . 1 — 12

2. AN ACCOUNT OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED

BY MONS. G. A. BAER IN THE STATE

OF GOYAZ, BRAZIL C. E. Uellmayr . 13—102

3. ON THE BIRDS OF CAYENNE (Part I.) . . Hans Graf von Ber-

lepach . . . 103—164

i. NEW FORMS OF ORIENTAL PAPILIOS . . Walter Rothgchild . 165—174

5. NEW HETEROCERA FROM BRITISH NEW

GUINEA 0. T. Bethune-Baker 175—243

6. A REVISION OF THE GENUS CALAMO-

CICIILA Sbarpe Oscar Neumann . 244—252

7. SOME NEW AND SOME UNFIGURED LEPI-

DOPTERA (Plates IX., X., XL) . . . Karl Jordan . . 253—258

8. SOME NEW SPHINGIDAE ; .... Walter RotMiild and

Karl Jordan . 259—260

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIGAE. Vol. XV., 1908.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

H Journal of Zooloo^

TN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.

EDITED BY

The Hon. WALTER EOTHSCHILD, Ph.D., Uk. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XV., 1908.

(WITH THIRTEEN PLATES.)

Issued at the Zoological Museum, Tring.

PRINTED BY HAZKLL, WATSON & VINEY, Lo., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1909.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XV. (1908).

MAMMALIA.

PAGES

1. Note on Gm-illa gorilla diehli (Matschie). (Plate XII.) Walter

Rothschild .....■•■••• 391 39"..

2. Mirounga angustirostris (Gill). (Plates I.— VIII.) Walter Rothschild 393-39-i

AVES.

1. Notes Critiques sur quelques rroc/fiYicte. E. Simon and C. E. Hellmayr . 1—12

2. An Account of the Bii-ds collected by Mons. G. A. Baer in the State

of Goyaz, Brazil. 0. E. Hellmayr 13—102

3. On the Birds of Cayenne. Hans Graf yon Berlepsch. Part I. . . 103—164

Part II. . . 261—324

4. A Revision of the Genus Calamocichla Sharpe. O. Neumann. . . 244 — 252

5. The Bird.s of Vella Lavtlla, Solomon Islands. (Plate XIII.) Walter

EoTHSCHiLD and Ernst Hartert 351 — 358

6. On a Collection of Birds from San Christoval, Solomon Islands. Walter

Rothschild and Ernst Hartert ....... 359 — 365

7. Notes on African Bird.s in the Tring Mu-seum.. O. Neumann. . . 366—390

8. Note on Casuaritos casuarms bislriatus Oort. Walter R'jthschild . . 392

9. Miscellanea Ornithologica. Part V. Ernst Hartert , . ■ . 395—396

( vi)

LEPIDOPTERA.

1. New Forms of Oriental Papilios. Walter Rothschild .

2. New Ueteioeora from British New Guinea. G. T. Bethune-Baker

3. Some Now and some Unfigured Lepidoptera. (Plates IX. — XI.) Kari.

Jordan- ..........

i. Some New Sp/dngidae. Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan

5. New Thijrididae in the Tring Museum. W. Warren

G. New Subspecies of Pariuisshi-s apollo. Walter Rothschild .

7. A New Lyeaenid from the Solomon Islands. Karl Jordan .

PAGES
105-	-174
175-	-243
253-	-258
259-	-260
325-	-351
	390
	394

LIST 01^ PLATES IN VOLUME XV.

I. — VIII. Photographs of Californian Sea Elephants and their Haunts, taken by Mr. Charles Harris.

IX. — XI. New and Rare Lepidoptera, photographed by the " Three-colour Process."

XII. Head of Gorilla gorilla diehli, fiom a painting by Grbnvold, made from a stuffed male in the Tring Museum.

XIII. New Birds from the Solomon Islands. By Keulemans.

vii

30 m '"^^^

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. XV. JUNE, 1908. No. 1.

NOTES CRITIQUES SUR QUELQUES TROCHILIDAE.

Par E. SIMON et C. E. HELLMAYR.

1. SUR DEUX ESPfiCES DU GENRE AGYRTRIA. Agyrtria versicolor (Vieillot) {A. a/finis GduM).

Triichilus oeisiroliir Vieillot, in Xonr. Dirt, xxiii, p. 4.'50 (181S) (Bresil, in Musi'um d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris).

Thaumantiax affiiiix Gould, Monnij. Tmi-hil. v. pi. I'M (1S55. — Novo-Friborgo, prov. de Rio-de- Janeiro ; Minas-Geraes).

An Museum de Paris: («) Oisean moiite, tiiv[.: " Agi/rtria brtu-irostris (Less.). Trochilus versicolor (Vieill.) — t)'pe. Delalande, Bresil No. 5022." (Aile 51 inm. ; queue 2ft mm. ; bee 15^ mm.)

Ce specimen, qui correspdud exactement a la description de Vieillot, se rapporte au Thaamaiitias affinis Gould et ne diflfere en rien des nombren.x individns provenant de Rio et de Minas-Geraes, auxquels nous I'avons com|)are.

A. offiiiiK devra done prendre le nom de ccrsicolor, qui est de beaucoup le plus ancien et que 0. Salvin a attribuS k tort k la synonymie du Stepkanoxis delalandei <Vieillot).*

L'espfece est remplacee plus an Nord, uotammeut dans la i)roviiice de Bahia, par une forme qui se distingue du type par le menton, le milieu de la gorge et de lapoitriue, d'un blanc pur ; cette forme, qui estparfois reliee an tyj)e par qnelques transitions, correspond a YOrnismija brecirostris Lesson (decrit k tort de la Gnyane) •et a VAgijrtria brecirostris de tons les antenrs modernes ; elle devra s'appeler A. versicolor brevirostris (Lesson).

Agyrtria neglecta (Elliot) = Ag. eersicolor + Ilijlockaris claims.

'Thaumaliaa ueylecia Elliot, ia Ibis, 1877. p. liO (Yungas et Moxos, Bolivie).

An Museum de Paris : (a) Monte, etiq. : " Agi/rtria neglectri. (Ell.), type c? D'Orbigny, Bolivie." sur le pied: " De Mojos (Bolivie) ]jar M. d'Orbiguy, 1834, no. 32 (no. 385 du voyageur). Tkaumatius neglect us Elliot, type no. 5062 A." (Aile 52; queue 31; bee 14f mm.) — (4) En peau, etiq.: " D. 385, Yungas, no. 349. D'Orbigny, ls34; type: Thaumatias neglectus Elliot, ? ." (Aile 49 ; queue '1'^ ; bee 15 mm.)

<Je sont les specimens qni ont servi a la description d'Elliot lis avaient

y Cat. Jiirili<, xvi, {K iJ.'it).

(2 )

ete nommes On,lsm>/a hicolor par D'Orbigny et Lafresnaye • et d'apres Mnlsant.t avaiit rintervention d'Elliot, le mule jHirtait an pied nne dtiqnette de TrofInli(x Ifitirostris de I'ecriture de Bonrcier.

Dei)nis lors I'espece a fignr(5 daus tons les onvrages sons le uoni d'Ac/i/i(ria mglecta (Ell.) ; I'nn de iions % a propose de la rej.orter an genre I'ob/rrata a canse de la disparity des sexes.

Mais nn nouvel examen, tros soignenx, nous a convaincns que cette pretendne espece reposait snr nue fantaisie de preparatenr : le type est en effet nn oiseau monte tres detraiclii, forme d'une tete de Ihjlocliaris ojanxs tres habilement adiipt^e a nn corps A\\g>/rtria eersicoloi: Nous avons en un instant d'liesitation !i canse de la teinte d'nn blen pins pale et pins verdatre qne celni de Ihjlocharix frais et de la mandibnle snpdrienre passee an brnn presqne noir, mais nous avons pn nous procurer, comma terme de eomparaison, (jnelques tres vicnx specimens de Ili/loiharis cijaiius, ayant snbi, sons Faction dn temps, les memes alterations et le donte n'a pins dte possible.

Qnant ii la femelle, elle ne diflftre de YA. versicolor que par la base des rectrices d'un vert un pen plus grisatre, mais cette difference est bien insiguifiante.

.1. neylerta devra done disparaitre des catalogues et aller rejoindre les Chri/solampis gigliolii {Chn/sohimpis mo.s</i/it><s cajiite + Florisuya mellifora corpore) et Amazilia aeneobrunnea {Chlorostilhon gihsoin capite + Chrysolamjna mosquitits corpore).

'ii.olk.—Agi/rtria crr^irolor (Vieillot) est tres repandu daus les provinces de Kio, Miuas-Gerai-s, !S. Panlo et Mato-Grosso ; son extension en Bolivie u'avait pas encore ete signalee, mais il est a noter qne le male dM. iiegli'cta (No. 3»5 de D'Orbigny) est indique des Llanos de j\fo}os daus la partie la plus orientale de la Bolivie, avoisinant le Mato-Grosso; la femelle (No. 349) est indiquee comme originnire des Ynngas, forets chandes de la pente orientale des Andes.

II. SUR LE CHLORESTES MALVINA Reichenbach.

L'oisean figure par Reichenbach sous le nom de Clilorestes makiim (pi. 096, g'. 45r)0-4551) n'a jamais ett^ regnliercment decrit§ et son nom a ^te omis par la plnpart des anteurs recents; ni Elliot ni Hartert ne le mentionnent; 0. Salvin le cite cependant, mais en le iilac;ant arbitrairemeiit en synonymie de YAgi/rtria riridissima {Cat. Birds, xvi. p. 1^0;.

Le type qui a servi ii la figure 45.i() de Reichenbach existe encore an Mnsde de Vienne, et grace a nne obligeante commnuication du Dr. Lorenz-Liburnau, nou.^ avons pn en faire nne etude complete.

Les affinites de cette espfece sout fort iuteressantes, car elle u'ajipartient ni an genre Chlorestes ni an genre Agt/rtria, mais rappelle bien davautage le genre I.eitcorldoris, dont la seule esjjece connne jusiju'lci est le L. albicollis (Vieillot).

Le /,. albiroUix est bieii caracterise par ses rectrices externes beanconp plus

• Sijn. Ai\ ii. in Mag. XmiL Islis, cl. ii. p. 30.

•f U\4. Nat. (rie.-MoHfh., iv. IST", p. 174.

X Simon, Cat. rochil., 1897, p. 11.

§ Les planches tie lleicbeubach ont itt publiues sans noma; les figures portent simplement des numC-ros, correspoudant il des noms parus posterieurement dans YEnvmerath'. Le nom de (lilorestes Jfahbia y est doniie pom- les figures 4550 et 4551 de la planclie 696. La premiere de ccs figures reprijsente I'oiseau dont nous parlons dans cette note, la seconde est plus douteuse et pourrait il la rifiueur reprfsenter le Tlialvrania {Avgasma') smaragdinea t

( 3 )

courtes que les suivantes et beancoup plus 6troites, surtout dans lenr moiti6 apicale, qui est snbacumin^e et par son systfeme de coloration, par sa poitriae d'nn blanc pur, son menton et ses jones d'uu vert sombre, ses trois rectrices exteriies noires et longuement point^es de blanc.

Ces caractferes sont a la verite afl'aiblis dans le Chlorestes malvina : ses rectrices externes sont aussi plus coartes que les snbexternes, mais beaucoup moins que dans le L. albicoUis, et elles sont a peine plus etroites, obtuses an lieu d'etre acumin^es ; ses rectrices mediaues sont environ de 3 mill, plus courtes que les subm&lianes, tandis que celles de L. albicoUis sont presque de meme longueur ; son bee (de meme forme et de mSme coloration) est un peu plus court et plus etroit.

Ces particularites nous paraissent plntot specifiques que g6n6riques et ne justifient pas la creation d'un genre special pour le Ch. malvina.

La livr^e des deux espfeces est la meme dans son ensemble sauf certaines dift'^rences de detail indiquees dans la description ci-dessons. La pins notable de ces differences est que la go?'ge du L. alljicoll/s est entierement d'nn blanc pur, tandis que celle de L. malcina est blanche et parsem(5e de plumes a gros disques arrondis d'un vert tr6s brillant rappelant celui de XEngijete alinae (Bourcier).

La synouymie de Fespece devra s'6tablir comme suit :

Leucochloris malvina ( Reich b.).

Clilorestes malvina Reichenbach, Trochil. pi. 696, ff. 4550-4551 ; Trochil. Enumeratio, 2° ^dit., p. 4

(1855— "Brasil"). Ayyrtria inahina Cabanis & Heine, Utis. Heine, iii. (mars 1860) p. 33 (sec. Beichenbach) ; Pelzela,

Ziir Ornith. Brasil, i. (1867), p. 2'J, note 1.

Musee de Vienne No. 18(332, Nova-Friborgo, province de Rio-de-Janeiro, Brasil, collect, par Beske ; type de I'espfece.

Dessus du corps d'un vert dor6, un peu jdus brillant (presque lumineus) sur le front et le vertex, trfes l^g^rement teint6 de bleuiitre sur les supra-caudales. Plumes du menton gris-noiratre avec de petits disques apicaux vert brillant, gorge blanche parsemee de plumes orn^es de taches apicales d'un vert-bleuatre tres brillant, fiuement bordees de blanc ; ces plumes plus denses sur les cotes oil elles masquent presque entierement la partie blanche ; region auriculaire dn meme vert que le dos ; region sous-oculaire et jones d'un vert-bleuatre plus brillant, I'extreme base des plumes etant seule grisatre. Poitrine et abdomeu vert dore plus brillant que celni du dos, avec la base des plumes fuligineuse ; region abdominale marqu6e d'une ligue blanc-grisatre. Sons-caudales brun^tres large- ment bordees de blanc, quelques-unes des plus petites gris-brunatre avec un disque vert brillant. Convertures superieures des ailes vert-bronze, excepte les plus grandes, (jui sont d'nn brun-violac6 legerement teiut6 de verdatre ; remiges bruu- violac^. Rectrices noir-bleu&tre, les mediaues tres nettement, les antres tr6s legferement au cot6 externe, les deux laterales de cbaqne cot^, bordees de vert olive-bronze- ; la rectrice externe marquee d'une tache apicale d'un blanc presque pur, la sub-externe d'une tache apicale plus petite d'nn blanc-grisatre. Maudibnle superieure noiratre,* inferieure jaune piile rembruuie a la pointe. (Aile 55J ; queue 31 ; bee 20 J mm.)

* Le bee de IVxemplaire type n'est pas intact ; sa mandibule superieure a perdu aocidentellement une partie de sa cuticule corn§e, ce qui la fait paraitie rougeStre 'X la base. Cet accident est sans doute postirieur 4 la figure de Reichenbach, qui reprisente cette mandibule entierement noire.

(4)

III. SUR VOREOTROCHILUS BOLIVIANUS Boucabd. Oreotrochilus bolivianus Boncard.

Oreotrochilus hoUvianus idem, in The Humming Bird, iii. p. 7 (1893, Bolivie). Alcidius bolu-iniius idem, Genera Hiimm. Birds, p. 346.

Mnsde de Paris, Collection Boacard —

(a) "cJ. Alcifliics bolivianus Bone. Buckley, Bolivia. Type of species Gen. H. B. p. 346."

(ft) " ?. ^. bolimanus Bone. Buckley, Bolivia. Type Gen. H. Birds, p. 346."

Ce nom a et^ plac6 un pen l(5g6rement en synonymie de 1' 0. stolzmanni Salv. par Simon * et Hartert ; f r<5tnde qne nons avons faite des tj-pes, an Mus6nm de Paris, nous a convaineus que cette espece devait etre maintenue, an moius provisoirement, ct meme qne ses pins ^troites affinites u'etaient point avec 0. stolzmanni.

Nons croyous devoir tout d'abord completer la description par trop sommaire de Boncard :

(?. Partie snperienre dn corps olive-cendrc comme chez 0. leucopleurus et 0. estellae, passant an bronze-olive nn pen rougeatre snr les snpra-caudales ; partie inftrieure blanc-grisfi,tre avec la gorge d'nn vert dor6 brillant, limite en arrifere par nue fine ligne noire transverse droite, et I'abdomen marqn^ d'nne bande d'nn noir-verdatre, elargie d'avaut en arrifere. Sons-candales gris-oliviltre. Ailes noiriltres. Rectrices e.xternes nn pen pins conrtes qne les suivantes et nn pen pins etroites, neanmoins assez larges, pen attennees, obtnses et li^gerement incnrvees, d'nn noir pale h reflets bleniitres avec la base interne blanche jnsqne vers le milien, an moins an bord ; les rectrices 2, 3 et 4 snbsemblables entre elles, blanches avec nn tres etroit lisiire noiratre externe ; rectrices m(5dianes enti^rement vert-bleuatre obscnr. Bee long, noir (t? aile 72 ; queue 50 J ; bee 22 mm. — ? aile 70 ; queue 49; bee 20 mm.).

0. bolivianus ressemble done an.x 0. stolzmanni et leucopleurus par la coloration de sa face ventrale, difffere de VO. estellae par sa bande abdominale noir-verdatre, uon ronsse. II ressemble completement anx 0. estellae et leucoj/leurus par la coloration de sa face dorsale d'nn gris-olive, mais s'61oigne beanconp d'O. stolzmanni, qui est en-dessns d'nn vert vif, ISg^rement cnivr^.

Par la forme, la proportion et la coloration de ses rectrices latt^rales il difft^re grandement de VO. leucopleurus dont les externes sont beanconp pins I'troites ct falciformes, et d'O. stolzmanni dont les externes sont, an contraire, un pen plus larges, plus attenutSes et anssi longnes que les rectrices snivantes, mais il ressemble tout !i fait il VO. estellae; son bee est anssi semblable fi celni de cette derni^re espece, tandis qne celui des 0. stolzmanni et leucopleurus est plus court et moins conrb6.

La femelle, attribuee par Boncard a sou 0. bolivianus, ne difiere absolument de VO. estellae qne par le dessons dn corps d'nn blanc tres 16gerement teint6 de bruns'itre, ce qui est pent-etre nn caractere iudividnel.

En resnm6, si 0. bolivianus devait forcement etre rapporte Ji I'nne des espfeces

• Catal. Trochil, 1897, p. 24. t Tierreieli, Lief. H, lltOO, p. 110.

(5)

d6crites aut^rieuremeut, il conviendrait de le cousid^rer comme line forme d'O. cstellae a bande veiitrale noire.

L'espece du Nord du Peroii a dos vert dore doit reprendre le nom d'O. stolz- manni Salvia.

Nota. — Le genre Alcidiiis i)roposd par Boucard ponr nn gronpe dCOrcotrochilus (type 0. estellae) ne repose sur rien; il est meme a uoter que VO. estellae est precisement le type du genre Oreotrochilus (Gould, P.Z.S. 1847, p. 9).

IV. SUR DEUX ESPfiCES DU GENRE HELIANGELUS. Heliangelus rothschildi Boucard.

Heliangelus roUchildi (aic) Boucard, in Hummitig Bird, ii. p. 77, descr. subad. (1892. — Bogota). Acronympha prosaritis Oberholser, in Proc. Biol. Snc. Wash., sviii. p. 162, descr. ]"uv. (1905. — Bogota).

No. 1. Musee de Paris, Collection Boucard — oisean en peau, preparation de Bogota, presque adulte, type de //. rothschildi Boncard.

Dessns du corps eutifiremeut d'uii violet-rougeatre fonce, un peu pins sombre sur le front, qui parait noir vn d'avaut en arriere ; convertures alaires, pctites et moyennes, violet-rougeatre comme le dos, les jjIus grandes nn peu plus pales et brundtres vers la base. Remiges brun-ponrpr^. Rectrices en-dessns violet- rougeatre comme le dos, en dessons (snrtout les laterales) d'un violet plus bleu, de chaque cute les deux e.xternes tres fiuemeut bordees de fauve-blanchatre a I'extremite (apparemment nn caractere de jenne). Region anriculaire et cotes dn con violet comme le dos, avec quelques petites tacbes vert fonc6. Lores, Jones et region sous-oculaire noiratres, avec la base des plumes blancbatre, et de chaque cote une petite tache blanche postoculaire. Dessons du corps uoiratre fuligiiieux ; menton et gorge ornes d'une plaque de plumes squamiformes d'un jaune dor6 tres brillant ii reflets rougeatres ; poitrine gris-blanchatre, parsem^e de plumes foncees ; plumes des flancs teintees de violet-rougeatre a I'extremitd et finement bordees de vert bronz6 (cette coloration est ^videmmeut celle d'un jeune, et il est possible que I'adnlte soit, en-dessons comme en-dessns, d'un beau violet, sauf la plaque luminense de la gorge) ; a la base de I'abdomen, de chaque c6t4, une tonffe de plumes duveteuses, noires k la partie basale, blanches k I'extremitt^. Sous-candales blanchatres, legerement teintees de fanve k la base, les plus longues marquees d'uue ligue mediane brunatre. Convertures inferieuros des ailes violettes, liserees de fauve-roussatre au bord externe. Bee noir. (Aile 66 ; rectrices laterales 43J, medianes 36; bee 14^ mm.)

Cette description est prise sur le type dans la collection Boucard, an Muse'um de Paris ; c'est un oiseau presque adnlte, originaire de Colombie, comme I'indique sou mode de pre'paration (oisean de Bogota).

M. Oberholser, qui a tout recemment redecrit l'espece sous le nom dHAeromjmpka prosantis, a propose d'en faire le type d'un genre special, ce qui ne nous parait pas justifi6 ; les caractferes de 1' H. rothschildi sont ceux des Heliangelus typiques.

Ma]gr6 I'assertion de I'anteur, la description de YAeronympha prosantis g'appliqne ii un jeune, comme I'indiquent notammeat les passages suivants ;

( 6 )

" Upper back, scapulars, ami siiles of neck deep bottle-jrreeu, merging gradually into the deep reddish violet of lower back, rump, and iijiijer tail-cuverts ; . . . rest of cheeks dull metallic parrot-green with narrow edgings of tawny; a rather broad streak of tawny ocliraceous from the rictus to opposite the middle of the eye below the infraorbital stripe; remainder of lower parts metallic parrot -green, the feathers of the medial portions and esjiecially of all the lower abdomen edged with tawny."

Heliangelus henrici Boucard = H. strophianus Gould.

Heliangelus henrici Boucard, in Humming Bird, i. p. 2() (1801. — Ecuador).

Mns^e de Paris, Collection Boucard, S ad. etiij. : " Heliaiiffclus henrici Boucard, S. Aeqnator, type of species, Humm. B. i. p. 26." (Aile 64 ; queue 42 ; bee 15J mm.)

H. henrici n'est point synonyme de //. laficlavins Salv. ; le type de cette prStendue espece n'est autre qu'nn //. strophianus, dont les rectrices m^dianes, teintees de vert bronzS, ressemblent ri celles de H. clarissae, ce qui parait assez frequent chez //. strophianus, car sur neuf individns de la collection Simon, deux oiFrent cette particularity, et d'autres out ces memes rectrices teintees de bronz(^ k la base. //. henrici ne pent done etre maintenu, meme comme sous-esptjce.

II n'en est pas de mfime de H. laticlavius Salv.,* qui est nne espfece beaucoup plus nette que la description de Salvin ne ponrrait le faire snpposer et beauconp plus voisiue de H. amefhi/itico/lis que de B. clarissae. II differe de cette derniere esp6ce par le dcssous du corjis bronze, nnliemeut d'un vert brillant an dela de la ceintnre blanche pectorale, I'abdomen au milieu d'un fauve pale, les sous-caudales longuement frangees de blanc a disques allonges gris-noir:itre, la plaque lumineuse du front, beauconp plus developp^e, atteignant presque en arri6re le niveau des yeu,x. Tons ces caractferes le rapprochent de //. amethi/sticollis ; il en diff^re cependaut par la bande pectorale blanche, I'abdomen d'un fauve plus pale rappelant celui de //. spencei, la plaque frontale, d'un vert-bleu brillant, paraissant bleue sons certaines incidences (an lieu de vert dor^) et le bee plus court.

D'un autre cot^ la bande blanche pectorale ne nons a pas paru sensiblement plus large qne celle de //. clarissae.

V. SUR LES THALVRANIA DE LA SECTION AUG ASM A.

Les oisean.x dont il sera question dans cette note doivent a uotre avis former une section dans le genre Thalurania ; ils ne diflereut des formes typiques de ce genre que par leur mandibule inferieure jaune pale au moins a la base, encore n'est-il pas certain que ce caractere soit commun aux deux sexes, les femelles n'dtant pas siirement connues.

lis ont pour la plupart et6 classes differemment par les auteurs : L'esp6ce la pins anciennement connue, le Trochilus bicolor Gmelin, a cependant 6t4 rapport^e au genre Thalurania, sauf par Boucard, qni a propose d'en faire le

• Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (C) vii. 1891, p. 376.

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type d'uu genre Gmelinitis et par E. Simon, ({W. I'a rapport^e an genre Timolia Mnlsant.

Le T. lerchi, d'abord decrit comme Thalurania par Mulsant et Verreanx, est ensnite devenu le type dn genre Timolia de Mulsant; la meme esp6ce a 6t(5 tout recemment red^crite par E. Hartert sons le nom d'Affi/rfria tenebrosa.

Le T. smaragdinea Gld. est le type dn genre Augasma de Gonld, anquel son antenr a promptement renonce, rapportant I'cspece an genre Euceplfjla ; plusienrs auteurs ont era reconnaitre a tort dans cette espece le T. lerchi Muls. et Verr.

Le T. {Hi/locharis) chlorocephala Bonrcier a 6te placfi par Gould, puis par Elliot et Salvin, dans le genre Euaephala, pins r(5cemment par E. Simon, puis par E. Hartert dans le genre Saucerottea, egalement a tort.

Les T. scapulata et caertileo-lacata Gonld sont d^crits comme des Eucepkala par Gonld, Elliot et Salvin, report^s depuis an genre Thalurania par E. Simon, puis par E. Hartert.

Le T. chlorophana E. Simon a etS decrit comme Thalurania.

A part le T. bicolor, qui est assez commun k I'lle de la Dominique, tons ces oiseaus paraissent fort rares, ce qui augmente la difficnlte de lenr 6tnde.

Les T. chlorocephala Bonrcier, caeruleo-lacata et scapulata Gonld sont encore uniques dans les collections du Mnsee britannique ; le T. chlorophana E. S., unique dans la collection Simon.

Le 2\ lerchi Muls. n'est couun que par trois individus : le type de I'espece an Mns^e de New- York, le type de VAgijrtria tenebrosa dans la collection W. Rothschild a Tring ; le troisifeme dans la collection de M. E. Gonnelle a Paris.

Le T. smaragdinea Gould est repriisente par deux males an Mnsee britannique (Salvin en indique trois, mais la femelle [c] est uu Chlorostilbon puchcrani), deux dans la collection E. Simon, et nn jeune dans la collection du Cte. v. Berlepsch.

Les femelles n'6tant sArement connnes pour aucnne de ces especes, le tableau suivant ne s'appliquera qu'anx males : —

Tableau des EspfecES S.

1. Supra-caudales noir-bleu comme les rectrices.

T6te, menton et gorge bleu brillant fonc6, dessus du corps vert dor^, graduellement plus blenatre en arriSre. Poitrine vert-bleuatre brillant. Abdomen vert bronze obscur. Sons-caudales vert-blen fonce T. bicolor (Gmelin) (He de la Dominique)

2. Supra-caudales rouge-cuivre.

(a) Dessus du corps ofFrant de chaqne cote nne tache bleue supra-scapnlaire formant nne ceintnre interrompue comme chez les vrais Thalurania ; tete vert fonc(5 comme le dos ; sons-caudales fnliginenses et frangees de fauve avec de petits disques vert obscur ; gorge et poitrine comme chez T. caeruleo-lavata ; abdomen d'un vert plus foncd et plus bleuatre ; rectrices m^dianes noir-bleniltre comme

les autres T. scapulata (Gonld)

(type d'Oyapoc — pr6p. de Cayenne)

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(b) Dossils (hi corps saus taches scajmlaires ; dessiis de la tete bleu brillant comme chez Chrxjsuronia oenone :

{b^) Dessous du corps vert dord (non blen^tre), parfois quelques plumes bleues an menton ; sous-caudales longues, bronze- olive trfes ^troitement frang^es de blancbatre. Dessus dn corps vert-bleufttre assez fonc6, les deruieres supra-caudales rouge-caivre, foruiant uue ligne assez etroite. Rectrices

m6dianes noir-bleu T. lerchi Muls. et J. Verr.

(Colombie — prep, de Bogota)

(i') Dessous du corps vert teiute de bleu sur la poitrine (presque bleu sous certaiu jour). Dessus du corps vert moins bleu et plus dorii- ; supra-caudales brouze-dore frang^es de rouge- cnivre, formant une ceinture plus large. Sous-caudales et rectrices medianes bronze-rouge violet, les autres rectrices noir-bleu tirant sur le violet . . . . T. caeruleo-lavata (Gould)

(type de San-Paulo [Reeves] — prep, de Rio)

NoTA. — Le type est un male non adulte, n'offrant sur la t6te que quelques plumes brillantes Isoldes (de meme teintc que celles de T. lerchi); le bee est d^teriore et sa mandibule supc^rieure parait bnui-t'auve par accident.

3. Supra-caudales bronze-olive.

Dessus de la tete vert brillant Mgeremeut bleuiitre. Dessous du corps vert dore comme chez Tkahirania glaacOjAs, sans teinte bleue. Rectrices noir-bleu sans reflets violets. Sous-caudales longne- ment frangees de blanc a disques bronzes etroits . T. chlorocephala (Bourc.) (type : pr6p. deiRio — indiqu6 par erreur par Bourcier comme de Guaranda, Equateur)

Nota. — Le type unique est un oiseau non adulte, n'offrant sur la tete que quelques plumes brillantes (de meme teinte que celles du T. smaragdinea), le dos est vert dor6 comme celui de T. smaragdinea.

4. Supra-caudales vert dorc comme le dos.

T6te blen-verd&tre jiale tres brillant, dos enti^rement vert dor6. Dessous du corps vert glace trfes brillant, leg^rement teinte de bleu sur le menton et la poitrine. Sous-caudales vert brillant comme I'abdomen, noir-bleu a la base.* — Bee 18—10 mm. . T. smaragdinea (Gould)

Dessus du corps ontierement vert dore, plus terno sur la tete. Gorge et poitrine vert dori brillant comme chez T. glaucopis (plumes a base blanche apparente au menton et sur le bas du con) ; abdomen vert, plus foncS sur les flancs, blanc au milieu et k la base. Rectrices en dessus noir-bleu teint^es de bronzd-vert obscur au bord externe (surtout les medianes), en dessous noir-bleu, les deu.K externes pointees de blanc. Sous-caudales blanches, longues. — Bee 20 mm T. chlorophana E. Sim. (pr6p. de Bahia) f

• Les jeunes mules ont les sons-caudales vert-bionz6 ou bnin-grisatre teinte du vert, et longuement frangees de blanc (type au Mus^e brit., el specimen de la collection du Cte. Berlepsch).

f I n'est pas impossible que T. chloroj>hatia ne soit autre que la femelle de T. smaragdinea,

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Nous donnons ci-aprfes la sjnonymie des deux esjifeces T. lerchi et smaragdinea, qui ont 6te souvent confondues :

Thalurania lerchi Muls. et Verr.

Thalurania lerchi Mulsant et J. Verreaux, iu Ann. Soc. Linn. Lijon (n.s.) xviii. p. 108 (Janvier

1872) — " Nouvelle-Grenade.'' Timolia lerchi Mulsaut, in. Aim. Soc. Linn. Lyun (2), xxii. 1876, p. 219; Elliot, Classif. Truchil.^

1879, p. 232. Eucephala lerchi Elliot, in Ibis, 1874, p. 264 ; Mulsant et Verreauz, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., iv.

1877, p. 191, avec planche. Agyrtria tenebrosa Hartert, in Bull. B. 0. C, x. 1899, p. xv. (prepar. de Bogota) ; idem.

Tierreich, Utt. 9, 1900, p. 229.

Specimens examines :

1. No. 38724, American Museum of Nat. Hist. New York, c? presque adulte. etiq. :

" Thalurania lerchi Muls. et Verr., Soc. Linn. Lyon, 10 aoiit, 1868 (type). N"° Greuade c^ ; " et sur le dos de I'etiquette : " Timolia lerchi — type. Elliot's collection. Type of fig. 119, p. 231, Si/n. of Trochilidac." (Aile 57 ; queue 38 ; furca 8; bee 21 i mm.)

2. Musee de Triiig. S moins adulte, preparation de Bogota. TyjjC d'Aifi/rtria

tenebrosa Hart. (Aile 57 ; queue 37 ; furca 7 ; bee 21 i mm.)

Grace a I'obligeance de M. Allen, I'un de nous a pu Studier le type de T. lerchi et s'assurer de son identity specifique avec I'oiseau d^crit recemment par M. Hartert sous le nom d! Agyrtria tenebrosa. Les quelques tr6s legeres differences que nous avons not^es entre les deux oiseaux tieunent sans doute a I'age.

Le type du lerchi, plus adulte sans I'etre complfetement, a le menton bleu brillant, celui du tenebrosa est garni de plumes blanches avec de petites taches apicales vert pur; I'uropygium du lerchi est vert-bleuatre, comme le dos, vert dore sans'teinte bleuatre dans le tenebrosa; les supra-candales du lerchi sont un pen plus rouges vers I'extremitS, ses sous-caudales sont vert olivtitre, tandis que celles de tenebrosa sont vert bronzfi plus mat, bien que quelques-nues des plus courtes offrent la meme teinte dans les deux individus. Le lerchi pr^sente une petite tache bleue au bord posterieur de la region parotique, qui manque au tenebrosa. Comme nous I'avons dit, ces deux specimens ne sont pas tout k fait adultes, comme le pronve la presence de quelques plumes vert-bleuatre au milieu de la plaque bleu brillant du front.

Bien que les descriptions d'Elliot et de Mulsant aient ete faitcs sur le meme oiseau (celui que nous avons sous les yeux), on pent y relever des contradictions, notamment en ce qui concerne la coloration du dos et des sous-caudales.

D'apr^s Mulsant le dessns et le dessons du corps seraient d'un vert-bleuatre, ce qui n'est exact que pour le dessus, et les sous-caudales d'un vert luisant. D'aprSs Elliot le corps serait d'un vert-pre plus fonce en dessus et les sous-caudales d'un vert-olive, ce qui est plus conforme a la verite.

Les dimensions donndes par Elliot sont exactes ; celles donndes par Mulsant sont beaucoup trop faibles, sauf pour le bee,

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Thalurania smaragdinea ((jonhl).

Aiigasma smaragdineum Gould, in P. Z. Soc. Land. 1860, p. 305 (" Brazil ") ; Hartert, Tierrcich,

livr. 9, 1900, p. 82. Eucephala smaragdo-cacridea Gould, Monogr. Trochil. v. pi. 331.

Eucephalii nmnragdiiiea Salvin, Cat. Birds Brit. JSIus. XYi. p. 240 (pars ; (J ad. (J Jut.). Timolia hnhi (nee Mulsant) Salvin & Godman, in /Jjs, 1881, p. 596 ; Sharpe, in Gould, Monogr.

Trochil. SuppI, pi. 57.

Specimens examines :

1. Mn,^. Brit., S jr. " Novo-Fribnrgo, Rio Janeiro, Brazil — Reeves." Type

A'Aiigasma smaragiHuewn et d' E. smaragdo-caernlca Gould. (Aile 54i ; queue 33; furca 8; bee 19 mm.)

2. Mus. Brit., S ad., peau de Bahia, acquis de Whitely; fignre dans le Suppl. de

la Monogr. des Trochild. de Gould comme T. lerchi. (Aile 55; queue 3Ti; furca 8; bee 18 mm.)

3. Mus. Berlepsch, cJ jr., peau de Bahia. (Aile 55 ; queue 33; furca 0 ; bee 18 mm.)

4. Mns. E. Simou, (? ad., „ ,, ( „ 50; „ 41; ,, IT; ,, 18 mm.)

5. Mus. E. Simon, c? ad,, „ „ ( „ 53; „ 36; „ 14; ,, 18 mm.)

La femelle, decrite par Gonld et Salvin, n'est autre qn'nn Chlorostilbon pucherani Bonrcier, preparation de Rio (in coll. Brit. Mus. : Eucephala smarag- dinea c).

VI. SUR LES EUCEPHALA HYPOCYANEA Gould, PYROPYGIA Salvin ET SUBCAERVLEA Elliot.

Ces trois especes, qui out 6te decrites sous le nom g(^ni^rique A'Eiicepkala, se rattachent a deux genres : E. hypocyanea Gould et subcaerulea Elliot sout des Chlorestes, assez voisins de C. caeruleus (Vieillot), mais E. pyropygia Salvin n'est pas synonyme du premier, comme un examen trop hatif avait pu le faire croire & Simon et Hartert.

Malgre sa tr6s frappante ressemblance avec les especes prec6dentes, E. pyropygia est un Ilylockaris, qui doit prendre place dans le voisinage de H. cyanus (Vieillot) ; * ce qui a contribni k cette erreur est que I'iudiyidu type de la collection Salvin- Godman (un male presque adulte, acquis de ^Vllitely) a le bee refoit : sa mandibule inferieure, examinee a la loupe, moutre des traces de peiuture noire, la sup(5rienre a probablement dt6 habilement remplac^e par celle d'un autre oiseau; en r^alitS le bee de E. pyropygia est rouge et spougieux comme celni des Hylocharis ; sous ce rapport I'individu de la collection Simon est bien caract(5ris6.

Hylocharis pyropygia (Salv. & Godm.).

Eucephala pyropygia Salvin & Godman, in Ibis, 1887, p. 591), pi. xvi (Rcspub. aequatorialis — cnorc ! — Le type a et^ pr^par6 h Bahia) —Salvin, Oil. Rird.i Bril. .Mus. .\vi. 1892, p. 241.

Chlorestes hypocyaneus E. Simon, Cat. Trochil. 1897, p. 16 (pars : (J ad.).

Specimens examines :

1. Mus. Brit. S presque ad., peau de Bahia; acquis de H. Whitely ; i\\)c iVEucephala

pyropygia Salv. & Godm. (Aile 50i ; queue 28 mm.)

2. Mns. E. Simon <? immat., peau de Bahia. (Aile 52; queue 24^; bee 15 mm.)

* Nous parlons ici du genre Hylocharis dans le sens du Catalogne des Trockilideg, ne comprenant que les J/. ruficoUit, elieiaet aapphiriyia et oyanus.

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//. pi/ropi/qia differe de IJ. ajanus (Vieillot) par le dessus de la tete d'nn vert-bk'uritre tves brillaut (blen-violet chez //. q/anus) ; le dessons du corps d'nii beau blen-verdatre passaut an vert ^galement brillant sur Tabdomeii (chez H. cyanus la gorge et la poitrine sont d'nn blen-violet fonce, rabdomen vert obscnr on grisjitre).

Les denx especes sont semblables par le bee, le dessns dn corps, sauf la tete, les sons-candales et les rectrices (les externes cependant nn pen pins 6troites chez H. pyropijgia).

Les denx senls individns connns ne sont pas complt^tement adnltes et ne different I'nn de I'antre qne par le developpement de la parnre froiitale ; celui du Mnsee britanniqne etant nn pen plus avance qne celni de la collection Simon.

Les Eiicephala hippocyanea, Gonld et snhcaeridea Elliot s'eloigiient de YE. pyropi/gia par I'abseuce complete de parnre frontale, le dessns de la tete etant d'nn vert obscnr comme le dos, par la mandibnle sup6rienre noiratre et par les rectrices exterues phis etroites et tout a fait droites, caractires conformes a cenx dn genre Ghlorestes, anqnel nous rapportons ces denx especes.

Elles difFferent, a premiere vne, de Cklorestes caeruleus (Vieillot) par la gorge d'nn bean blen passaut an vert-blenatre snr la poitrine et le milieu de I'abdomen, dont les flancs sont vert dor6 plus terne.

Chlorestes hypocyaneus (Gonld).

Eucephala hi/pocya/iea Gould, in P. Z. S. Loud. 1800, p. 306. ("Said to be Babia ") id., Moitogr.

Trochil. V. pi. 334.— Salvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xvi. p. 244 (pars : cJ ad.). Chlorestes litipocijnneus E. Simon, Cat. Trorh. 1897, p. 16 (pars : J juv.).

Lc type unique, que nous avons 6tndie dans les collections du Mns6e britan- niqne, est nn oisean en manvais ^tat dont la queue est incomplete et qni parait avoir ete prf par(5 k Rio; I'indication de Bahia, donnee avec donte par Gonld, est sans donte erronee. (AUe 49 ; bee. 15 mm.)

Chlorestes subcaeruleus (Elliot).

Eucephala subcaerulea Elliot, in Ibis, 1874, p. Sl^ibid. Mulsant, Ifist. Nat. Ois.-Mouches, ii. p. 35, avec planche.

Type A'Eucephala subcaendat, an Musre de New-York, ex collect. Elliot, type " Brasil ? no. 38713, acquis de Boncard." (Aile .50 ; queue 30 J ; bee 16A mm.)

M. Allen nous a obligeamment communique le type, encore nniqne an Mus^e de New- York, qui a servi a la description d'Elliot.

Get oisean differe de C. Iii/pocyaneus (Gonld) par la teinte des snpra-caudales et des sons-candales : les premiferes sont d'nn vert dore comme le dos, quelqnes- nnes senlement etant trfes etroitement frangees de cnivre, chez C. subcaeruleus ; d'un ronge-cuivre intense, passaut an vert dore a I'extreme base, chez C. hypo- cyaneus. Les sons-candales de C. subcaeruleus sont vert lustrS comme les flancs, quelques-nnes senlement etant legferement teintees de noiratre ii la base ; celles de C hypocyaneus sont d'nn bronz^ trfes mat, passant fi la base an noir-blen rappelant celni des rectrices.

Chez C. subcaeruleus la gorge est d'nn bean bleu, passant gradnellement an vert snr la poitrine, tandis que chez C. hypocyaneus la gorge et la poitrine sont Sgalement d'nn blen brillant.

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Malgre ces differences il est actnellement impossible d'aflSrmer que ces deux oiseanx soient specifiquement distincts, vn I'insuffisance des materiaux.

Elliot n'indiqne comme habitat que Bri^sil, sans localitc? precise et encore avec doute, le type que nous avons sons les yeux a certaiuemeut ete prepare a Bahia.

VII. SUE UNE NOUVELLE FOHME DE BASILISyA LEUCOTIS

(Vieillot).

Basilinna leucotis (Vieillot) est represeute au Nicaragua par une petite race qui diflffere dn type (du Mexique et du Guatemala) par des caractferes suffisants pour constituer une sous-espece tr6s nette :

Basilinna leucotis pygmaea subsp. nova.

Difffere de B. leucotis par la taille pins petite, mais les ailes relativement pins longues, repli^es depassant les rectrices ; la partie verte de la gorge plus restreinte, moins prolongee sur la poitrine ; la poitrine et Tabdomen beaucoup plus melanges de blauc ; et surtout par les rectrices, vues en dessons, d'un noir-blen, les externes marquees d'une tacbe apicale gris-blanc (les rectrices de B. leucotis type sout en dessous d'un uoir mat, sans reflets bleus, les externes sont unicolores on orn^es d'une tache apicale vert-bronz6, rarement finement frangee de blauc). (Aile 55 a 57 mm.; bee dans sa partie d^converte 14-5 il 15 mm.)

Nicaragua : Matagalpa (W. B. Richardson); (British Museum, u^—f ; coll. E. Simon, 3 cJc?, par W. B. Richardson). Type in Coll. Simon no. 133'c.

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AN ACCOUNT OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED BY MONS. G. A. BAER IN THE STATE OF GOYAZ, BRAZIL.

Br C. E. HELLMAYR.

THE state of Go}'<az is one of the least-known districts of the vast Brazilian territory, and ver}' few zoological collections have as yet been made in this interesting region. It was first visited, I believe, by Mons. Anguste de Saint- Hilaire. His collections went to Paris, bat, with the exception of a few species described in Temminck's " Recneil de Planches Coloriees," and in Lesson's " Traits d'OrnithoIogie," nothing has been published upon the ornithological results of his exertions. The celebrated naturalist J. Natterer traversed the " capitany " of Goyaz from its southern frontier (Rio Paranahyba) to the city of (joyaz, and then continued his way through the western parts of the state to Mattogrosso. The birds obtained on this occasion are duly enumerated b}' Pelzeln in his well-known work : " Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens." The expedition of Count Castelnan and Mons. Deville, in 1844 and 1845, spent some time in the vicinity of Goyaz, at Bomfim, Amaro Leite, Catalao, as well as on the banks of the Rio Maranhiio (Espirito Santo do Peixe) and R. Tocantius (Porto Imperial). The collection thus gained, numbering several hundred specimens, was deposited in the Paris Museum, but only a few species were mentioned in the ornithological portion of the " Voyage dans I'Amdrique du Sud." Professor Behn, of Kiel, traversed the state of Goyaz from west to east, and seems to have secured a considerable series of birds which, however, have never been properly studied. Dr. Sclater described a new Jacamar, Brachjgalba melanosterna* and Berlepsch and Leverkiihn in their joint paper f discussed some of the rarer species in Prof. Behn's collection, then belonging to the Kiel Museum. A few species are recorded from Catalao, south-eastern Goyaz, by Prof. Reinhardt in his " Bidrag till Kundskab om Puglefanuaen i Brasiliens Camijos." J ( 'ouut Berlepsch possesses a number of skins obtained by Prof. Von den Steinen and Dr. Ehrenreich near Leopoldina, Rio Araguaya, and received in exchange from the Berlin Museum, where the bulk of the collection is preserved. It shared, however, the fate of Behn's, St. Hilaire's, and Gastelnan's treasures, and was never reported upon.

Mons. Baer has given an account of his travels in the " Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle " of Paris, vol. xiii. 19UT. pp. 288-95. The following notes about the localities visited will be of interest as showing the nature of the country, and may be of use to some future explorer. Mons. Baer writes :

" Tons mes oiseaux sont de I'dtat de Goyaz, k I'exception des Nos. 2440 h 2442 obtenus ;i Agua Suja (Miuas Geraes) — Conurtis leucophthalmus, Nothura maculosa et Muscirora tyranmis.

" Oiseaux observes dans Goyaz et non rapportes par moi de cet 6tat :

" Musciwra tyrannus (Campininhas), Piaya cayana cabanisi, Gypagus papa (Araguaya), Jabiru mycteria, Herodias egretta, Leucophoyx candidissima

* P. Z. S. Land. 1855. p. 15.

t Ornis, Yi. 1890. pp. 1-32.

J \^deiuk. Meddel. 7uiiur/iist. Foren. Kj^ibenltavn, 18V0. pp. 1-124, 315-457.

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(Aragna\'a), Bhea americana, (Hio Urnhu), Cathartes aura, Catharista atratus brasilie/isi.i, Rlii/nckotus rufescens.

" Une (larticnlarite qui lu'a frappd c'est le petit iiombre il'especes d'oiseaux mouches (Trochilidae) et de Tiuamides ; I'dtat de Minas Geraes est beaucoup plus riche, ce que je crois devoir attvibuer ii ce que ce dernier pays est bien plus accidents et possede plus de moutag'ues abruptes et plus ou moiiis isolees. — Goyaz ressemble bcaneoni) plus au Mattogrosso, le terrain y est generaleiueiit ondule et represente en quelque sorte les vagues d'uue mer, les montagnes, qui n'atteiguent jamais nuc grande hauteur, s'61evant peu a peu en pente douce, de sorte que les gronpes d'oiseaux n'ont jamais snbi d'isulement pins ou moins complet.

" La region de TAraguaya * est tont a fait ])late et completement inond^e sur des espaces enormes pendant quatre on cinq muis de I'aunee.

" Localit^s explorees :

" Villc de (ioyaz [formerly called Villa Boa. — C. E. H.] et environs, Dtecembre 1905, 550 metres d'altitnde ; forets et campos.

" Fazenda Espei'anra, Bios Uruhu et Canastra, a 80 kilometres an nord-est de Goyaz, ddc. 1905 h f6vr. 1906 (saison des plnies), 700 m. d'alt. Rdgiou hnmide, voisiue de la serra dourada, offrant des forfits vierges, des bois a arbres clairsemes et des campos, avec de uoralirenx cours d'ean.

" Fazenda Calhamar, h 20 kilometres au nord de Goyaz, mars k mai 1906, (saison seche), 650 m. d'alt. Terrains sees, bois et campos.

" Rio Thesouras, ^ 150 kilomfetres au nord de Goyaz, luai 1906 (saison seche), 600 m. d'alt., for6ts et campos.

" Leopoldiiia, village sur le Rio Araguaya, affluent dn Tocautins, h 200 kilometres, au nord-onest de Goyaz, juin ii aout 1906 (saison s6che), 560 m. d'alt., forets, region amazonienne."

The most important result of Mons. Baer's expedition is the discovery of a true Amazonian element iu the avifauna of the Rio Araguaya. Pachysi/hia pectoralis, Sicalis Columbiana leopoldinae, Paroaria haeri, Knipolegus orenocensis, Elaenia y. gaimardii, Myiozetetes c. cayanensis, Furnarius Jiguliis pileatus, Synallaxis simoni, Siptornis v. ■oulpina, Thamnopkilus doliattis difficilis, Myrmelnstes luctuosiis araguayae, Chelidoptera t. tenebrosa, etc., are either widely distributed in Amazonia, or nearly related to Amazonian species.

Ou the other hand, the fauna of Southern Goyaz as represented by specimens from the environs of the capital and from the Fazenda Esperanpa resembles closely that of South-eastern Brazil (Minas, Uio), yet at the same time there are several characteristic Mattogrosso forms — for instance Tod i rest rum cinerenm coloreum, Phyllomyias brevirostris virescens, Antilophia galeata, Dendrornis guttata dorbignyana, Thamnopkilus ambiguus sticturus, Dysithumnus affinis affinis, Uerpsilochmus longirostris, Ckrysoptilus nattereri, etc. It is well known that in the state of Bahia, or at any rate iu that district where the so-called Bahia skins come from, we often find forms more or less ditfereut from their allies inhabiting the neighbouring provinces, Espiritu Santo, Minas and Uio de Janeiro. Some of these peculiar Bahia races we meet again iu Goyaz, though, in most cases, it is the South Brazilian form that extends its range so far to the north-west.

For several species the watershed south of the capital of Goyaz forms the boundary of their ranges. This is especially illustrated by the distribution of Thalurania e. eripkile and T. e. baeri. While the latter lives near Goyaz

• Araijuaya sigDitie en lacgue indienne tupi-guarany : riviere dis araa.

( 15 )

and on the banks of the Rio Araguaya, the typical race is fonud, south of the monntain-range, on the Rio Verissimo and in the valley of the Rio Parana.

Altogether, Mons. Baer obtained upwards of 800 skins, rc'i)resentiug 200 species. Before proceeding to the detailed account I wish to tender ray sincere thanks to Mr. Rothschild for having entrusted me with the study of tiiis interesting collection.

1. Turdus albiventer Spi.x.

Tiirdu^ nlhittPiikr Spix. Ai: Bra^. i. p. 70 (1824— part. ; ^ — Pora accepted as typical locality ; cfr. my revision of Spix types, p. 018).

Nos. 1843, 1888. i jr., ? ad., Goyaz, March 190G.

No. 1778. ? jr., Faz. Esperan^a, January 1906.

Specimens from Goyaz, S. Panlo, Bahia, etc., are generally of small size, witii a short slender bill, and of briglit coloration. The wing varies in the males from ] r,! to 115, in the females from 110 to 113 mm.

Skins from Venezuela (Camana and Orinoco), Surinam, British Guiana, Cayenne, Rio Branco and Bogota collections are larger and paler. — Wing: S 6 , 115—124; ? ?, 112—120 mm.

This northern form is probaljly entitled to the name T. alhireritfr epliippialis Scl.,* but a series from Para should be compared.

2. Mimus saturninus frater Helim.

\_Turdus mtuvHinuK Licbtenstein, Verz. DnU. Be.rl. Mua. p. 311 (1823— Para).]

Mimus SKluminus /inter BeWmayr, Verjiandl. Znnl.-hotuu. Genellscli. Wieii. 1903. p. 2-20 (190.3 — Ypanema, S. Paulo)

Nos. 1857, 1871. d <S &d., Goyaz, March lOOii.— Wing llo, ](»2 ; tail 123, 114; bill 18 mm.

No. 1544. ? ad., Goyaz, March I'.iiiC.— Wing (moulting) htlh; tail 120; l>ill 19 mm.

No. 1094. c? juv., Faz. Esijcranea, December IDUO.

In addition to the above specimens, I have examined two others from Catalfio (in the south-eastern corner of the state of Goyaz) collected in ls4G by Castelnaii and Deville, and belonging to the Paris Museum. The six birds which agree in coloration and si/.e with a series from Mattogrosso (3 Chapada, 1 Cuyaba, 1 Miranda) are rather pale, greyish brown on the upper parts. Typical skins from S. Panlo (Victoria, Ypanema, etc.), and two adult females from the Rio Jordfio, prov. Araguary, Minas Geraiis, difier slightly in being soirewhat darker and browner on the back and head, but the variation is scarcely appreciable. Specimens from various localities measure as ibllows :

7 Jc? ad. from S. Paulo (including the

type)

3 ? ? ad. from S. Paulo ....

2 ? ? ad. from Rio Jordao, M. Geraes Two adults from Catalao, Goyaz

One adult from Miranda, Mattogrosso

3 ? ? ad. from Chapada, Mattogrosso 1 ? ad. from Cuvaba, Mattogrosso .

Wing. Tail. Bill,

llu-	-117	125—134	19 — 20 mm.
107-	-109	115—123	19 — 2u mm.
108,	lusi	120, 123	20 mm.
110,	in'	120, 122	19, 20 mm.
115		130	20 mm.
100-	-108	118—124	18i— 19A mm.
105		121	IS mm.

* Tiirdiis ejdiijijMiiIis Sclater, P. ^. S. Lnitd. 1S62. p. lUIi (I'dg- •la).

( 16 )

M. satxrtdiius areiioceuK Chajim.* from Bahia, difi'ers from .1/. s. Jratir liy paler coloration and by its much longer, stronger hill. The leni^th of the bill varies, in seven adnlt birds, from 23 — 26 mm.

3. Thryophilus albipectus rufiventris (Scl.).

[ Tliri/oHitiiii.i albipei-liia Cabanis. in Schomburgk, Reixen Brit, (jniniia iii. 673 (1848. — Cayenne).] Thrijothiiiua rufirintrix Sclater. P. X. .S. Loml. 1870. p. .32S (Goia?, and Mattogrosso). Thryothorus ijiilhniithi (nee Lawrence) Pelzeln, Zur Ornilh. Bia^. i. lH('i7. p. 47 (Cuyabii, Goiaz) ; Allen, Bull. Aniei: Mu«. iii. 1891. p. 343 (Chapada).

No. 2125. ? ad., Rio Thesonras, May HMKi.— Wing 04; tail 40 ; bill 20 mm.

Nos. 1833, 1834, 1944, 1951. c?c? ad., cjt? jiiv., Goyaz, March.— Adults : Wing 66; tail (damaged); bill 10. Young: Wing <i.-,, (31; tail 50, 40; bill 19 mm.

Nos. 2200, 2249, 2378, 2407. c?c? ad., Rio Araguaya, June and August.— -VVing 68—711; tail 51—53; bill 19—20 mm.

Nos. 2203, 2313, 2400. ? ? ad., Rio Arnguaya, June and July.— Wing 63, liS ; tail 50 ; bill 10 mm.

In the above specimens the whole lower surfixee (e.xcept the white throat) is unifonii ochraceons-buff, rather deeper ochraceous on the flanks and under tiiil-coverts, and somewhat paler, about bright bnff (Ridgw. v. 13) on the foreneck. There is never any trace of brownish on the flanks, this colour being always more or less pronounced in the Upper Amazoniau form as well as in 7'. a. albipecttas (Cab.). Adnlt birds show distinct blackish longitudinal streaks on the ear-coverts, which almost are uniform white in the two young ones (Nos. 1833, 1844).

T. a. r II fi cent lis differs from the form inhabiting the Upper Amazonian district (cf. Xor. Zool. xiv. 1907, p. 3, form e) in its greater dimensions, especially longer tail, decidedly longer and stronger bill, purer ochraceous nnder-parts without any brownish snff'nsion on the flanks, and by its somewhat paler upper surface ; from T. a. albipectus it may be distinguished by its longer bill, more uniform nuder-parts, etc., and from 7'. a. i/alhraitlii (Lawr.), of Panama and Santa Marta, by its much longer tail and conspicuously streaked ear-coverts.

In W'estern Mattogrosso and Eastern Bolivia T. a. rujicentris is replaced by T. a. M/'iicn- (Pelz.), which differs only by its much smaller size and shorter, weaker l)ill. In coloration the two forms are absolutely alike.

Their distribution is as follows :

(a) r. uVAjiectus rufreiitris (Scl.). Eastern Mattogrosso : (Juyaba (Natterer), Chapada (Smith). N.E. San Panlo : Barretos on the Rio Grande (Garbe— ? ad. in Mns. Paulista, examined by me). Goyaz : city of Goyaz (Baer, Natterer), Rio Thesouras, Rio Araguaya (Baer), Rio Panmahyba (Behu— J ad. in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch e.xamiued), Leopoldina, Araguaya (von den Steinen— J ud. i.i Berlin Museum examined).

\\ SS ad. : Wing 0(1-70; tail 51—53; bill 10—20 mm.

6??ad. : „ 64-6S ; „ 40—51; „ 19-20 mm.

(i) T. albipectus iniiior (Pelz.). Thryufhunis minor Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bran. i. pp. 47, 66 (1867.— Villa Bella de Mattogrosso and

Rio Guaporu). Tliryopliilus rufiventris (nee Sclater) Salvadori, Bvll. J/««. Turiiio x. No. 208, 1895. p. 3 (Corumb;t

Mattogrosso) ; idem. I.e. xv. No. 378, 1000. p. 3 (Urucum, Mattogrosso).

• MiiiiKS arcnaeeiis Chapman, Aiil\ ISUO, p. 135.

( 17 )

Hab. : Western Mattogrosso : Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, Rio Gnapor^ (Natterer), Corumba, Uruci'im (Borelli). Eastern Bolivia : Santa Craz de la Sierra (G. Garlepp).

Material.

(a) Vienna Museum, Natterer coll. Type.s of species :

c? ad., Villa Bella de Mattogros.so, July 28

? ad., „ „ „ „ October 10 .

? ad., ,, „ „ „ October 10 .

{b) Turin Museum : ? ad., Corumbii, Mattogrosso, Borelli coll. (? ad., Uruciim ,, u ,; - .

<? (?) ad. „ „ „ „ . .

(c) Tring Museum (formerly in the Nehrkorn collection) : Adult (not sexed), Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia . . ,54 42 16 mm.

Ying.	Tail.	Bill.
58	44	17 mm.
05	42	17 mm.
53	42	17 mm.
56	43	16 mm.
58	47	17 mm.
54	42	16 mm.

4. Thryothorus genibarbis intercedens n. subsp.

ThryiAhorus melanos (nee Vieillot) Pelzeln, Zur OrnilJi. Bras. i. 1867. p. 48(p.'irt. : Tenente Borges,

Goiaz, Cuyabi, Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso). Thri/othorus genibaiUs (nee Swainson) Allen, Bui/. Anier. ilus. iii. 1891. p. 343 (Chapada.

Mattogrosso).

No. 2167. "d"' ad., Rio Thesouras, 600 metr., May 1006.— Wing 62 ; tail 60; bill 17i mm. Type of subspecies.

No. 2168. "c?" imm., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 58; tail 53i ; bill 16i mm.

No. 1702. ? juv., Faz. Esperan^a, 700 metr., January 1906.

Adult. Differs from T. g. genibarbis Sws.* from Bahia, Para and Borba (Lower Rio Madeira) by its considerably paler coloration, the top of the head and nape being dull earthy brown (instead of deep sooty), and the back clear cinnamon- rufous (instead of chestnut-rufous). The under parts are also generally lighter, especially the sides of the belly of a paler buffy brown. The bill is weaker and slenderer.

Besides the' specimens in the present collection, I have examined seven others obtained by Natterer in Goyaz and Mattogrosso. They measure as follows :

Wing. Tail. Bill.

Mus. Vienna, " ? " ad., Cidade de Goiaz, August 8, 1823 .

,, ,, (? ad. „ ,, „ September 4, 1823

„ Munich, ? ad. „ „ ,, September 4, 1823

,, Vienna, ? (?) ad., Faz. do Tenente Borges (between

Bomfim and Meia Poute), July 17, 1823 . „ Vienna, ? ad. Cuyaba, Mattogrosso, January 9, 1824 . „ „ S ad., Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, October 23,

1826

„ Vienna, i ad., Engenho do Cap. Gama, Mattogrosso,

August 2, 1826 62 57 i:

57	55	16J mm.
63	60	17 mm.
59	56	—
62	59	17 mm.
60	55	15J mm.

63 58 17 mm.

* Thri/othorus geniharhis Swainson, A7ibn, in, Menag. p. 322 (183S— "Brazil ").

( 18 )

Skins from Goyaz, Tenente Borges and Cnyabd are practically identical with the type of T. g. intercedens, while the two i t? from Western Mattogrosso (Villa Bella and Engeuho do Gama) are much brighter, more ocliraceons on the breast and abdomen. They may represent yet another form, but in any case they are different from T. g. juruanus Ih., which is much darker on the back, chestnnt- rafous like the typical race. For the present, I am able to distinguish three forms with black malar stripe :

{a) T. genibarbis genibarbis Sws. Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Para, and west to Borba, on the east bank of the lower Rio Madeira.

{b) T. genibarbis juruanus Ihering. N.W. Brazil : Rio Jurmi (Garbe) ; Hnmaytha, left bank of the Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns). Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907, "p. 345.

(c) T. genibarbis intercedens Hellm. Interior of Brazil in the states of Goyaz and Mattogrosso. Goyaz : city of Goyaz (Natterer), Faz. do Teueute Borges (Natterer), Faz. Esperanea, Rio Thesouras (Baer). Mattogrosso : Cuyabd. (Natterer), (Jhapada (Smith), Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, Engenho do Gama (Natterer).

5. Trogolodytes musculus guarixa Piich.

[Triigloili/les musculus Naumann, ViJyel Deutschl. iii. p. 724. table (1823. — Bahia).]

Troglodytes guarixa Pucheran (ex Cuvier MS.), Arch. Mus. Paris vii. p. 338 (1855. — " Br&il," coll.

Delalande and St. Hilaire). Thryothorus wiedi Berlepach, Journ.f. Ornith. 1873. p. 231 (Blumeniu, Santa Catharina).

Nos. 1928, 1929, 1941, 1958, 2013, 2014, 2015. d S , ? j ad., Goyaz, March, April 1906.— Wing 49—55 ; tail 4U— 46 ; bill 13—14 mm.

Nos. 1727, 1728, 1770. SS, ? ad., Faz. Esperanpa, January 1906.— Wing 52, 49 ; tail 45 ; bill 13J-14 mm.

No. 1690. ? juv., Faz. Esperanra, December 1905.

The series agrees perfectly with specimens from Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, Minas Geraes, Santa Catharina, and Paraguay — viz. the form separated as T. triedi by Count Berlepsch. 1 have, however, ascertained by examination of the types in the Paris Museum that T. guarixa of Pucheran is likewise referable to this race. The name was based on a specimen sent by Delalande fils from the environs of Rio de Janeiro, and another obtained by A. Saint-Hilaire in Southern Brazil (State of S. Paulo or Parana). Both are still in the French national collection.

T. in. musculus, which is known to me only from Baliia, is ranch richer, more ochraceous on the lower parts, especially tlie flanks and under tail-coverts being deep tawny. T. m. guarixa has the under-surface salmon-colour, more ochraceous on flanks and crissum. An adult female (No. 2014) from Goyaz is much paler beneath than all the others, nearly whitish on throat and breast, and scarcely different from T. m. clarus Berl. & Hart, of Guiana and Amazonia.

0. Geothlypis aequinoctialis cucullata (Lath.).

[MotaciUa acquhioclialis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 5172 (1788. — ex Daubenton, PL enl. CSi). fig. 1.—

Cayenne).] Sylvia cucullata Latham, Itid. Oru. ii. p. 528 (1700.— no locality) ; cf. Richmond, Auk, 1900.

p. 179.

No. 1921 (?) ad., Goyaz, March 1906.

( 19 )

It seems extremely doubtful whether the descriptiou of Si/lma cucicllata really refers to the present species, no mention being made of the cinereous colour of the crown.

7. Basileuterus flaveolus (Baird).

Mi/iothli/pia flaveoluK Baird, Review Amer. Birds p. 26'i note (May 18155. — Paraguay, Capt. Page coll.) ; Pelzeln, Ziir Ornlth. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 72 (Goiaz).

No. 2285. ? ad., Rio Araguaya, 550 metr., July 1906.— Wing 62; tail 62; bill 12i mm.

This bird agrees perfectly with several Bahia skins. An adult male from Maranhao, N.E. Brazil (taken September 9, 1905, by F. Schwanda), iu the Museum of H.R.H. the Prince of Bulgaria at Sophia, and au adult bird (not sexed) obtained by Mocquerys on Mount Bncarito, state of Tocuyo, Venezuela, in the Tring collection, are not different either. Tlie latter specimen extends the range of the species, which was hitherto only known from Paraguay and the interior of Brazil, far to the north.

I may also mention in this connection that the so-called female of Muscicapa bivittata Lafr. & D'Orb.,* on examination, proves to be an example of the present species. It is a skin in good condition, labelled: "No. 150. D'Orbigay, 1834, Chiquitos. D. No. 352," and agrees in every way with several specimens from Bahia collections.

The range of B. flaveolus thus far known is as follows :

Paraguay (Capt. Page — type No. 16,33-t, ?, June 1859, in coll. U.S. National Museum, Washington) ; Brazil : Bahia (many skins in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch, Tring, etc.); Goiaz (Natterer), Rio Araguaya (Baer), Villa Bella de Mattogrosso (Natterer); Rio das Pedras and Porto do Rio Parantl, North S. Paulo (Natterer) ; (Jhapada, Mattogrosso (Smith), Urucum (Borelli); Maranhao (Schwanda); East Bolivia: Chiquitos (D'Orbigny) ; Venezuela : Mt. Bncarito, state of Tocuyo (Mocquerys).

Measurements :

Twelve Bahia skins (not sexed)

i (?) ad., Maranhao, N.E. Brazil

? ad., Rio Araguaya, Goiaz

ad., Chiquitos, E. Bolivia (D'Orbigny)

ad., Mt. Bucarito, Venezuela

8. Basileuterus hypoleucus Bp.

Basileuterus hypoleucus (Cabanis MS.) Bonaparte, Consp. Av. i. p. 313 (1850. — " ex Brasil ") ; Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 72 (Goiaz).

No. 2174., av. imm., Rio Thesonras, 600 metr.. May 1906.— Wing 60^ ; tail 53; bill 11 mm.

This bird differs from others from S. Paulo (Victoria) and Minas Geraes (Rio Jordao) in having the breast and abdomen slightly flammnlated with pale yellowish, and the sides more washed with brownish yellow. Both these divergencies are apparently signs of immaturity. Cf Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. Y. iii. 1891, p. 344.

* " Foemina supra lota olivacea, subtus superciliiaque flava," Lafr. & D'Orb. Syn. Av. i. iu May. ZkoI. 1837. cl. ii. pp. 51-2.

Wing.	Tail.	Bill.
62—67	60—63	12— 13i mm.
61	59	13J mm.
62	62	m „
66	61	12 „
63	60	m „

( 20 )

9. Pachysylvia pectoralis (Scl.).

Hyhplulus pectoralis Sclater, P.Z.S. 1866. p. 321 [" in Brasil. merid. prov. Mattogrosso (et Rio de Janeiro." — errore !) — the type came from (Villa Bella de) Mattogrcsso — coll. Natterer) ; Pelzeln, Ziir Ornith. Brasil. ii. 18G8. p. 70 (Villa Maria, Mattogrosso, Forte do Rio Branco, Rio Amazonas).

No. 2194. S ad., Rio Aragimya, July 19u0.— Wing SoJ ; tail 48 ; bill 13 mm.

Agrees well with two examples from Mattogrosso (including the type), but has the chest of a rather deeper yellow and the upper mandible slightly darker. In the pure cinereous colour on the top and sides of the head the three specimens are practically identical.

Both Dr. Gadow * and Dr. Sclater f regarded this species as the southern representative of " F. thoracica" which was supposed to be a native of Lower Amazonia, Guiana, and Colombia. Messrs. Berlepsch and Hartert % have, how- ever, shown that P. pectoralis is a perfectly distinct species widely distributed all over the great Amazonian subregion from Gniana to the southern tributaries of the Amazons, and that the true P. thoracica of South-east Brazil was not known to either of the above-named authors. Having examined the series in the British, Tring, Berlepsch, and Vienna Museums, I think it useful to give a short rtmmi of the characters and the distribution of the four forms of this group which I am able to recognise. First of all, it must be borne in mind that P. pectoralis is evidently specifically distinct, as in some districts it occnrs together with a repre- sentative of P. thoracica — e.g. in British Guiana with P. t. griseiventris,

a. P. thoracica thoracica (Temm.).

Hylophilus Ihoraciciis TemmmcV, Rec. PI. col. livr. 29. tab. 173. fig. i. (1822— "Brasil."— Natterer coll. — Kiu de Janeiro fi.xed as typical locality) ; Pelzeln, Ziir Orniih. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 70 (Sapitiba, Rio§) ; Burmeister, Syst. ttbeis. Tli. Bras. iii. 18.^6. p. 110.

Sylvia thoracica Wied, Beilr. Nalurg. Bras. 3. ii. 1831. p. 717 (Rio Parahyba, Rio de Janeiro).

Hab. South-eastern Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro : Sapitiba (Natterer), city of Rio de Janeiro (Natterer, Behn), Parahyba (Wied).

Adnlt. Forehead and crown dull yellowish olive ; occiput and nape cinereous, sometimes slightly mixed with olive greenisli. Lores whitish, ear-coverts yellowish olive or brownish grey ; cheeks and throat whitish, foreneck, chest, and sides of the belly bright olive-yellow ; middle of breast and abdomen buff.

■\Ving .57—01 ; tail 55— 6o ; bill 13—14 mm.

Specimens examined :

a. Adult, Rio-make. — Mus. H. v. Berlepsch.

b. " c? " ad., Rio de Janeiro, Feb. 2, 1848.— Prof Behn coll.— Mas. H. v.

Berlepsch.

c. Adult, Rio-make, in my collection.

(i. c? ad., Rio de Janeiro, Feb. 11, 1821.— Natterer coll., Vienna Museum.

N.B. — Temmiuck's description and plate agree exactly with the above specimens. Cf. the yellowish olive forehead, vertex, and ear-coverts, the cinereous occiput and nape, and the huffish middle of the belly.

• Cat. Birds Brit. .Mils. viii. p. 307. t Ibis, 18S1. p. 29.1. j Xov. Zool. Lx. 11102. p. 11.

§ The locality, Mattogrosso, is erroneous, the specimen from that place being the type of U. pecUvralis I

(21 )

b. P. tJioracica griseiventris (Berl. & Hart.).

Hylophilus thnracicus grixeiveiilrix Berlepsch & Hai'tert, Nov. Zool. ix. p. U (1902. — Suapure, Caura River, Venezuela).

Hylnphibix tliomricus (nee Temminck) Gadow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. viii. p. 307 (Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana) ; Sclater, Ihia, 1881. p. 297 (Cayenne ; Baitica Grove, Brit. Guiana ; Colombia int.) ; Salvin, Ihis, 1885. p. 204 (Bartica Grove, Gamacusa, Brit. Guiana).

Hab. (Jayenne (trade-skin in Brit. Mns.) ; Surinam (Mus. Trinjr); British Gniana : Bartica Grove, Gamacusa, Rio C'arimang (H. Wliituly). Venezuela : Suapure and La Pricion, Caura River (Klages and Andre coll.). Colombia : Bogota coll.

Adult. Differs from the preceding form by its much shorter tail, darker, more greenish back, decidedly narrower and duller yellow jugular baud, and by having the middle of the belly pale cinereous (not buffy). Top of the head as in P. t. tkoracica, feathers below the eye and ear-coverts always olive greenish yellow. SS. Wing 56—60; tail 46—49; bill 13—14 mm. ? ?. Wing 52—541 ; tail 44—47 ; bill 12i— 13 mm. Specimens examined : a, b. ? ?, Bartica Grove.— Mus. H. v. Berlepsch. c, of. c?, ?, „ „ Brit. Mns.

e. ?, Camacnsa. ,, „

/. ? , Rio Carimang. „ „

ff. ad., Cayenne skin. „ „

h. ad., Guiana. — Brown coll., Brit. Mus. L (J ad., Surinam. — Chnnkoo coll., Mus. Tring. .;', /f, I. 6 S , ? , Caura River, including the type. — Mus. Tring. m, 11. Bogota skins. — Mns. Brit, and Berlepsch.

c. P. tkoracica semicinerea (Scl. & Salv.).

Hylophilus semicinereus Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S. Loud. 1867. p. 570. tab. xxx. fig. 2 (Paril) ; Layard

Ibis, 1873. p. 377 (Para). II. thoracicus (nee Temminck) Pelzeln, Zitr Ornilh. Brasil. ii. 18G8. p. 70 (part. : Salto Girao,

Borba). Pachysylvia tkoracica semicinerea Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 355 (Prata, Parii) ; idem, I.e.

xiv. 1907. p. 5 (Itaituba, Santarem).

Hab. Lower Amazons : Pari (Wallace, Layard), Prata, near Pard (Hoffmanns), Itaituba, Tapaj6z (Hoffmanns). Rio Madeira : Borba and Salto Girao (Natterer).

Adult. Agrees with P. t. griseii-entris in the pale cinereous belly, but differs by the lack of the olive-yellow jugular band and by having the sides of the head (except a narrow olive yellowish ring round the eye) ashy grey. Forehead and crown yellowish olive, occiput and nape pure cinereous, just as in the preceding form.

SS. Wing 56—59 ; tail 44^—48 ; bill 13—14 mm.

Specimens examined :

a. Immature bird (not sexed), ParA. Type of H. semicinereus. — Brit Mus.

b. S ad.. Para. Layard coll., Brit. Mus.

c, d. $ $ ad., Prata, Para.^W. Hoffmanns coll., Tring. Mus.

e. $ ad., Itaituba, Tapajoz. — W. Hoffmanns coll., Tring Mus.

f. $ jr., Borba, April 10, 1830., Natterer coll., Vienna Mus.

g. S ad., Salto do Girao, Oct. 9, 1829., Natterer coll., Vienna Mus,

( 22) (I. Parki/sifhia pectoralis (SuL).

Hah. \V. Brazil, N.W. Mattogrosso : Villa Maria ami Villa Bella dc Matto- grosso, on the Rio GnaporS (Natterer). North Brazil : Rio Aiua/.oiias (Natterer), Santarciu (Garbe), Forte do Rio Branco (Natterer). Central Brazil: Rio Araguaya, Goyaz (Baer). British (5 iiiana : Aunai, Quoiija (Wliii.ely ). Surinam: Paramaribo, Kwata (("hniikoo). f'ayeune : Rio Aiijirouagne (Clierrie).

Adult. Differs at a glance from all the preceding Ibnus by having the whole top of the head (from the forehead to the nape) clear cinereous like the cheeks, eye region, and ear-coverts, Foreneck and chest much clearer and brighter yellow, this colour being also extended over the sides of the belly ; the throat more whitish, and the middle of breast and abdomen pure white.

Wing .53—59; tail 43^49 ; bill 12—13 mm.

Specimens examined :

a. <S ad., Mattogrosso, Oct. 10, Ib'-ld. — Natterer coll. Tyjie of fl. per/orftlis.

Mns. Brit.

b. ? ad., Villa Maria, Ang. 30, 1825. — Natterer coll., Vienna Mus.

c. juv., Rio Amazons, 1834. — Natterer coll., Vienna Museum.

d. S ad., Forte do Rio Branco, Dec. 6, 1831. — Natterer coll., Vienna Mus.

e. 3 ad., Rio Araguaya, Goyaz. — Baer coll., Triug Mus.

f. ? jnv., Santarem, .January 1903. — Garbe coll., Mns. Paulista.

g. S ad., Annai, British Guiana. — Whitely coll., Mns. H. v. Berlepsch. h, i. (J, ?, Annai, Brit. Guiana. — Whitely coll., Mns. Brit.

j. c?, Qnonja, „ „ „ „ „ „

k — t. (SS, ? ?, and jnv., Surinam. — (Jhunkoo coll., Mus. Tring. u—z. „ „ „ Cayenne. — Cherrie coll. „ „

10. Vireo chivi (Vieill.).

Si/lvia chivi Vieillot, Nuuv. Did. xi. p. 174 (1817.— ex Azara : Paraguay). Vireosylvia agdis Pelzeln, Znr Ornith. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 73 (Goiaz).

No. 2433. Adult, Rio Araguaya, April 1906.— Wing 73 ; tail 55 ; bill 14 mm.

Agreeing in size and coloration with a series from Rocja Nova, Serra do Mar, State of Paranii, Brazil. Six adult S S furnish the following measurements : Wing 72— -75J ; tail 54—59 ; bill 13—15 mm.

Ct my remarks in ^ov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 11.

11. Cyclarhis gujanensis cearensis (Baird).

'iTanagra gujaneitais GmeliD, Si/st. Nat. 1. ii. p. 893 (1788. — ex Buffon : " Vcrderoux " — " Guyane,"

sc. Cayenne).] Cyclorhis cearensis Baird, Sev. Amer. Birds i. p. 391 (1866. — CearA). C. Wiedii (nee Pelzeln) Pelzeln, Ziir Oniith. Bras. ii. 1868. pp. 74, 137 (part. : Baliia, Rio Paran.^,

Goiaz).

No. 2146. t? ad., Rio Thesonras, May 1906.— Wing 75 ; tail 62 ; bill 16^ mm.

No. 2117. ? imm., Rio Thesonras, May 1906.— Wing 72 ; tail 59 ; bill 16^ mm.

Nos. 2300, 2307, 2429. 36 ad., Rio Araguaya, Jnly and August 1906.— Wing 75, 74, 76 ; tail 62, .59 J, 63 ; bill 16^, 17 mm.

No. 2430. ? ad., llio Araguaya, August 1906.— Wing 75; tail 60^; bill 16 mm.

(23 )

These birds are practically identical with a very large series of skins from Bahia and Ceara. Two adult (?<? obtained by Natterer near the city of Goiaz and on the Rio Parana; an adnlt bird collected by Castelnan and Deville at Porto Imperial, on the Rio Tocantins ; seven specimens (of both sexes) from Chapada, Mattogrosso, taken by H. H. Smith ; and two examples secured by U'Orbigny in the plains of Chiquitos, Eastern Bolivia, agree likewise in every jiarticnlar with typical C. cearcnsis. All these specimens have a very distinct plumbeous spot at the base of the lower mandible, even young birds, in fluffy plumage and with pointed tail-feathers.

Dr. Allen * referred the Mattogrosso specimens to C. liridis (type ex Paragnay) to which he also unites C. wiedii Pelz. with uniform reddish brown bill. While admitting that there are scarcely any constant colour-differences between true C. tiridis (of Paragnay, Western Argentina, and High Bolivia) and the form inhabiting the campos of Brazil and the plains of Eastern Bolivia, I find that the latter are constantly much smaller, and have a much weaker, slenderer bill. As a rule the back is brighter, more yellowish green, and the yellow on the foreneck clearer and somewhat more extended. Measurements of a large number of skins of both forms are given below.

From C. g. gujanensis,\ of Amazonia and Guiana, C. g. cearensis differs by having the belly creamy-white or buff (without any greyish " cast ") ; the foreneck and sides of the chest of a purer and clearer yellow (not tinged with greenish), the cap always more or less washed with brownish ; and by its stouter, higher bill with the plumbeous area of the lower mandible less extended.

Cf. also Berlepsch, Ibis, 1888. p. 87.

Specimens from Maranhao, N.E. Brazil, are intermediate between C. g. gujanensis and C. g. cearensis. Having seen but two skins, I cannot say to which of the two forms they are more nearly related.

[C. iviedii Pelz., considered by Dr. Allen to be the "young of the year" of his C. tiridis {^cearensis), is evidently specifically distinct and more nearly allied to C. ochrocepkala, of which it is the northern form. I hope to discuss this intricate question on another occasion.]

The range of C. g. cearensis and C. g. viridis is, according to my knowledge, as follows :

a. C. gujanensis cearensis (Baird).

Cijclorhis cearmsis Baird, Rev. Amcr. Birrh i. p. 391 (18i)6. — Ceari).

C. alhiventris, Sclater & Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 15&(1873. — Bahia).

Thamnophilus guianen.vs (nee GmeliD) Wied, Beitr. Nahmj. Bras. .3. ii. 1831. p. 1016 (Campo Geral).

Laniagra guyanemis Lafrcsnaye et D'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mug. Zool. 1837. cl. ii. p. 9 {part. :

Bolivia). Cyclorhis tpiedii (nee Pelzeln) Pelzeln. Zur Orti. Bras. ii. 1868. pp. 74, 137 (part. : Bahia, Goiaz,

Rio Parana). Cyclorhis viridis (nee Vieillot) Allen, Bull. A m. Mus. A', ft. ii. 1889. pp. 123—127 (part. : •' adult bird

in breeding season " — Chapada, Mattogrosso) ; Salvadoii, Boll. Mus. Tm-iun, xv. No. 378, 1900.

p. 3 (CorumbA).

Hab. East Brazil : Ceard (fide Baird ; two specimens in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch), Bahia (many specimens in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch, Triug, Munich, Vienna). Central Brazil: Goiaz (Natterer), Rio Thesouras, R. Araguaya (Baer); Porto Imperial)

• Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H. ii. 1889. pp. 123—135.

t Examined : 6 Brit. Guiana ; 3 Cayenne ; 1 Surinam ; 4 Kio Branco ; 3 Par4 ; 2 Rio Madeiia '> 1 Tarapoto, N. ?eru ; 1 Samiria, N. Peru.

( 24 )

WiDg.	Tail.	Bill.
ro— 75	55—65	16—18 mm
7U, 79	62, 64	18

63

17i

ou the Rio Tocaiitiiis, State of Goyaz (Casteliian aud Deville — Mas. Paris); Rio Parana (Natterer) ; Mattogrosso : Ciiapada (Smith), Cornmlia (Borelli). East Bolivia : Ciiiqnitos (D'Orbigny).

Measurements.

Twenty-two specimens from Bahia (not sexed) . Two adnlts from (Jeara ..... One adnlt, Porto Imperial, Rio Toeantius —

Castelnan and Deville coll., Mus. Paris One c? ad.. City of Goyaz — Natterer coll., Mus,

Vienna ......

Three cJc? ad, Rio Aragnaya, Goyaz .

One ? ad., Rio Araguaya, Goyaz

One 6 ad., Rio Thesouras, Goyaz

One S ad., Rio Parand, Brazil — Natterer coll.

Vienna Mnse'nm ..... Five S d ad., Chapada, Mattogrosso . Two ? ? ad., Chapada, Mattogrosso Two adults from Chiqnitos, East Bolivia — coll

D'Orbigny, Mus. Paris ....

73		62		17
74-	-76	oOi-	-63	16J-1
75		6uj		16
75		62'		16i
75		60		18
73-	-77	61-	-65	17— Ife
73,	75	60		17

75, 75J 62

17

b. C. gujanensis viridis (Vieill.).

Saltator viridis Tieillot, Tab!, enc. meth. ii. p. 793 (1822.— ex Azara, No. 89 : Paraguay).

Cydorhis allirostris Salvin, Ibin 1880. p. 352 (Salta, N.W. Argentina).

Laniagra gujanensis Lafr. & D'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. 1837. cl. ii. p. 9 (part. : Bolivia *).

Hab. Paraguay : Carapegna (Borelli) ; Bernalcue, near Asuncion (Ternetz coll. — spec, in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch and Vienna) ; Gran Chaco, Pilcomayo (Kerr). Argentina : Ocampo on the Rio ParanA (Venturi) ; Mocovi, west of Ocampo in the Chaco (Venturi) ; Cordova (Schnlz), Tucnman (Venturi), Salta (Durnford, White, Steinbach, Borelli, etc.), S. Luis (spec, in Mus. Brit.). High Bolivia : Ynngas, Aynpaya, Rio Grande (D'Orbigny), Santa Cruz (Garlepp).

Measurements. Two adults from Bernalcu^, Paraguay . . . »0 VO iS mm.

One cJ ad.. Gran Chaco, Pilcomayo (Kerr) . One (? ad., Mocovi, Chaco, Mus. Tring Two cJ c? (?), Ocampo, Argentina Two ? ? (?), Ocampo, Argentina. Four adults from Salta (including the type of

C. altirostris Salv.) .... Two adnlts from Tucuman .... One i ad., S. Luis— Mus. Brit. . One adult from Cordova — Mus. H. v. Berlepsch Two ad. from Yungas, Bolivia — coll. D'Orbigny

Mns. Paris . . Two ad, from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia — •

coll. Garlepp — Mus. H. v. Berlepsch, et Coll.

Boucard (Mus. Paris) 82,86 72, 76i 1"

Wing.	Tail.	Bill.
. 85	70	18
. 84	72	19
. 86	'4J	17
. 81, 80	74, 73	17, 17|
. 85, 83	73	17
. 81—84	71—75	17—18
. 80J, 79	72	17, 17i
. 83	71	m
. 82	75i	18

81, 86 73, 77 17J, 18

♦ The specimen from Corrientes which I examinrrl in the Paris Museum belongs to C. oohrKcephala Tsch,

( 25 )

N.B. — The specimens from the Bt)lLviaii Andes agree in every respect with those from Paraguay and Argentina. It will be remembered that the birds obtained by D'Orbigny iu the plains of Chiqnitos, near the Brazilian frontier, belong to the smaller, eastern form, C. g. cearensis. (Cf. supra, p. 23.)

12. Stelgidopteryx ruficoUis ruficoUis (VieilL).

Hirundo rujknllis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 523 (1817.—" Bresil ").♦

No. 2091. S ad., Goyaz, May 1906.— Wing 114 ; tail 57 ; bill 7A ram.

Identical with specimens from Bahia and S. Panlo. Cf. my remarks in Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906, p. 13.

N.B.— I have examined the specimen (i) of S. uropygialis, said to be from Bahia, t in the British Mnsenm. It really belongs to S. r. aequalis, and certainly never came from Bahia, being of tlie nnmistakable make of the skins that are sent to Europe from Northern Colombia (Carthagena, Baranqailla, etc.).

13. Tachycineta albiventer (Bodd.).

Hirundo albiventer Boddaert, Tahl. PI. Enl. p. 32 (1783.— ex Daubenton, PI. Enl. 546, fig. 2.— Cayeisne).

No. 2369. S vix ad., Rio Araguaya, August 1906.— Wing 107 ; tail 51 ; bill 8f mm.

Differs from a CJayenne specimen merely by having the white edges to the greater wing-coverts and secondaries rather narrower.

14. Progne tapera (Linn.).

Hirundo Tapera Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 345 [1766.— " America"— a-s typical locality fixed East Brazil (ex Marcgrave). Cf. Berl. & Hart., Nov. Zool. vs.. 1902. p. 14].

No. 2236. c? ad., Rio Araguaya, June 1906.— Wing 131 ; tail 65; bill 11 mm. Identical with specimens from Bahia and Bogota.

15. Progne chalybea domestica (Vieill.).

[Hirundo chahjhea Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 1026 (1788.— ex Brisson et Daubenton : Cayenne).] Hirundo domestica Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 520 (1817.— ex Azara, No. 300 : " )e Paraguay et la riviere de la Plata").

Nos. 2204, 2215. SS ad., Rio Araguaya, June 1906.— Wing 140, 137 ; tail 77^, 77 ; bill 11 J, 11 mm.

No. 2205. ? ad., Rio Araguaya, June 1906.— Wing 137 ; tail 77; bill 11 mm.

No. 2206. ? jr., Rio Araguaya, June 1906.— Wmg 134; tail 73 ; bill 10| mm.

Agreeing in size and colour with a large series from S. Paulo, Bahia, Paraguay, and Buenos Ayres.

• In JViiv. Zool. xiii. 190G. p. 13, by some unaccountable mistake, Vieillot's original description is stated to have been based on Azara's No. 306 ex Paraguay. t Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. x. p. 210,

( 2G ) 10. Cyanerpes cyanea cyauea (Linn.).

Certhia < ;/anca Liunaeus, Si/xl. Xtit. xii. 1. p. 188 ( 170G. — ex Eil wards, Brisson, etc. — We fix iSurinam

[ex Edwards, whom Linnaeus quotes tirst] :ls typical locality), Caereba cyanea Pelzeln, Zur Ontitli. Bras. i. 1867. p. 25 (Goiaz).

No. 1760. S jiiv., Faz. Esperanoa, January 1906. — Wing 68; tail 41 ; liill 15 mm.

Agrees in the length of the bill with specimens from Hiirinam, Caycime, etc. Cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. pp. 9-1 0.

IT. Dacnis cayana cayana (Linn.).

\ifoUicHla cayana Linnaeus, Syil. Nat. xii. 1. p. 336 (17t)6. — '"Mexico" : errore I We substitute

Cayenne ex Brisson, Orn. iii. p. 534, t. 28 fig. 1).] Dacnis cyanocephala Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. 1867. p. 25 (Goiaz).

Nos. 1867, 1945, 2069, 2095. SS ad., Goyaz, March, April, May 19U6.— Wing 67—71 ; tail 46i— 50 ; bill 12^—13^ mm.

No. 1998. ? ad., Goyaz, April 1906.— Wing 67 ; tail 46 ; bill 13 mm.

The adnlt males agree with others from S. Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Miuas Geraes, and have like those from Cayenne and Venezuela (which we may consider as typical) the throat extensively deep black, and the general colour is the same shade of blue. Brazilian birds, however, are as a rule rather larger than those from more northern localities, though this is not quite constant.

Skins from Pern, Bolivia and Mattogrosso (Chapada) differ at a glance by having the throat-patch smaller and much duller, more greenish black. This is I>. cat/ana glaucogidaris Berl. & Stolzm. Some of the Chapada birds slightly point towards D. c. cayana.

18. Euphonia chlorotica violaceicoUis (Cab.) ?

\Tauagra chlorotica Linnaeus, Synl. Nat. xii. 1. p. 317 (1766. — ex Brisson : Cayenne).] Acrohptes violaceicoUis Gabanis, Joiirn. f. Ornith. 1865. p. 409 (" Brasilien ").

Euphona serriroslris (nee Lafr. & D'Orb.) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. iii. 1860. p. 202 (Cidade do Goiaz).

Nos. 1860, 1982. ^c? ad., Goyaz, March and April 1906.— Wing 01, 58; tail 38, 35 ; bill 8 mm.

These birds, as well as two adult males obtained by Natterer, which I have likewise before me, agree perfectly with a series from Bahia as far as coloration is concerned, but average slightly larger.

E. chlorotica, with its geographic forms, is involved in great confusion, and requires careful revision ; but 1 have neither time nor suificient material to enter into the question.

19. Calospiza flava sincipitalis Berl.

[Tanagra flava Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 896 (1788,— ex Brisson : ex Marcgrave : East Brazil).] Calospiza formosa sincipitalis Berlepsch, Ornis xiv. p. 348 (1907. — Leopoldina, R. Araguay,

Goiaz). Calliste flava (nee Gmelin), Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. iii. 1869. p. 207 (part. ; Goiaz).

Nos. 1868, 2025. <? ad., c? fere ad., Goyaz, March, April 1906. Wing 76^, 74 ; tail 56, 52 ; bill 12 mm.

No. 1862. d imm., Goyaz, March.— Wing 73 ; tail 53 ; bill 12 mm.

( 27 )

No. 2026. ? ad., Goyaz, April 190(5.— Wing 73 ; tail o5 ; bill lli mm.

The adnit males agree exactly with a description in my note-book taken from the type-specimen in Count Berlepsch's collection. Moreover, the latter was obtained not far from Goyaz on the Rio Araguay, in the vicinity of the village Leopoldina.

Having studied a very large series of the C._fiava group, I think it nsefnl to give a short n'sumi; of the results arrived at. Besides the material in Tring, I had before me all the specimens of the Vienna and Munich Museums, and have also examined a few interesting e.^amples in the British Museum collection. The following forms appear to be recognisable :

(a) C. Jlavajiava (Gm.).

Tanagra jlava Ginelin, Si/sl. Nat. 1. ii. p. 896 (1788. — ex Brisson, Ornitli. iii. p. 39 : ex Marcgrave, Hist. Nat. Bras. p. 212 : '' Guira-perea." — Enstirn Brazil).

Hah. Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Pernambuco (Forbes, Robert).

S ad. All the top of the head (from the base of the bill to the nape) is uniform golden buff, scarcely darker than the back. On the rump there are sometimes a very few narrow streaks of silvery-greenish to be seen.

? ad. Top of the head dull ochraceous yellow.

Ten adult S3 from Bahia. — Wing 72—74, once 70 ; tail 52 — 5-5 mm.

Two adnlt c? S from S. Loureneo, Pernambuco (A. Robert coll.). — Wing 73, 74 ; tail .51, 55 mm.

One adnlt ? from Bahia. — Wing 7H ; tail 52 mm.

N. B. — The birds from Pernambuco are absolutely similar to those from Bahia.

{h) C. .ftava chloroptera (Vieill.).

Tanagra chlomjitera Vieillot, Nouv. Diet, xxxii. p. 407 (1819. — " Br^sil " — type in the Paris

Museum examined). T.fnrmosa VieiUot, l.r. p. 407 (1819. -ex Azara, No. 96 : Paraguay).

Bab. South-eastern Brazil, S. Paulo : Ypanema, Paciencia, Porto do Piahy, Ytarar^, Rio Paransl, Faz. do J. Dias (Natterer); Campinas, Victoria (Hempel), etc. Paraguay (Azara): Sapucay (Foster, Mus. Brit.).

<S ad. Differs from C. f. Jinmi in its larger size, slightly stouter bill, duller ochraceous sides of the body, less golden back, and especially by having the forehead more or less tinged with ochraceous, this colour forming an indistinct frontal band.

? ad. In coloration fully like C.f../iava, but with longer wings and tail.

Seven adult S S from S. Paulo. — Wing 77 — 78; tail 56 — 58 mm.

Five imm. Si from S. Paulo. — Wing 74 — 77 ; tail 55—59 mm.

Two adult ? ? from S. Paulo.— Wing 74, 75; tail 57 mm.

One adult 3 from Sapucay, Paraguay. — Wing 77| ; tail 59 mm.

Type of T. chloroptera Vieill. : S adult. — Wing 77 ; tail 56 mm.

N.B.— The type of T. chloroptera was obtained in 1818 by Mods. A. Saint- Hilaire in South-eastern Brazil : S. Paulo or Parana. Though somewhat faded through exposure to light, it belongs undoubtedly to the present form. Count Berlepsch • says that a specimen from Sapucay, Paraguay, in the British Museum,

* Omis xiv. p. 348.

( as )

concords with C ma>-ga>itae from Mattogrosso. This ranst be a mistake, for I carefnlly compared the specimen in question, and fonnd it perfect!)' agreeing with skins from S. Paulo — i.e. C. /. chloroptera. It has the back of the same golden buff colour as the latter, and there is just a faint ocliraceous tinge across the forehead only to be seen when viewed from in front. A similar example from Victoria, S. Panlo, is in the Tring Museum.

(e) C. flata sincipitalis Berl.

llab. State of Goyaz : City of Goyaz (Natterer, Bacr) ; Leopoldina ou the Rio Araguaya (von den Steinen coll. ; Mus. H. v. Berlepsch).

S ad. Differs from €./. chloroptera by having the back slightly mixed with silvery-greenish, and the forehead (as far as the posterior border of the eye) decidedly darker, ochraceons-rufous, this colour shading into ochraceous ou the vertex, and into golden buff on the nape.

? ad. Top of the head distinctly darker, more ochraceons-rufous than in the females of C. f. Jiara and C. f. chloroptera.

One adult <? from Goyaz. — Wing 76J ; tail 50 mm.

One nearly adult S from Goyaz, — Wing 74 ; tail 52 mm.

Two imm. S S from Goyaz. — Wing 74, 73 ; tail 53 mm.

One ? from Goyaz. — Wing 73 ; tail 55 mm.

(d) C. flava margaritae (Allen). Calliste margaritae Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. Y. iii. p. 351 (1891. — Chapada, Mattogrosso).

Hab. Only known from Chapada in Mattogrosso (Smith).

S ad. Differs from C.J. sincipitalis by having the back still paler and more mixed with silvery-greenish, and the forehead as well as the vertex bright ochraceons-rufous [the upper surface of the body being coloured as in C. cayana (Linn.)].

? ad. Cap bright ochraceons-rufous as in C.f. sincipitalis.

Twelve adnlt SS (Mus. Tring, Brit., and Vienna).— Wing 73—77; tail 53 — 55 mm.

Four adult ? ?.— Wing 71—75 ; tail 52—56 mm.

20. Ramphocelus carbo connectens Berl. & Stolzm.

[LaniMS carho Pallas in Vroeg's Cat. Adumhratiuncula p. 2, Nos. 114, 115 (1764. — Surinam).] Rhamphocelus jacapa connectens Berlepsch & Stolzmann, P. Z. S. Limd. 1806. p. 344 (La Merced,

Central Peru). Ramphncelus alrosericeux (not of Lafr. & D'Orb.) Pclzeln, I.e. p. 211 (Rio das Pedras, Rio ParanA,

Goiaz, CuyabA, Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama, Matogrosso).

No. 1873. S ad., Goyaz, March.— Wing 83; tail 86 ; bill 15 mm.

Nos. 1946, 1955. ? ? Goyaz, March.

No. 1772. c? ad. in moult, Faz. Esperanc^a, January 1906.

Nos. 1735, 18(16. ? ad., ? juv., Faz. Esperan^a, January, February 1906.

So far as coloration is concerned, the adult males are identical with the types from Central Peru, which, however, have rather shorter wings and tail.

Birds from S. Leopoldina, Aragnaya, are more washed with crimson on the abdomen, and seem to be nearer or even referable to li. c. carho. I hope to discaas the geographic variation of R. carbo on an early occasion.

( 29 ) 21. Tanagra palmarum palmarum Wied.

Tanagra imlnmrum Wied, Reise Bras. ii. p. 76 (1821. — Canavieras, Bahia).

No. 1721. ? in monlt, Faz. Esperan(,'a, January 1906. — Wing 99; tail 77 mm. Agrees with Bahia skins in having the remiges very distinctly edged with clear olive-greenish.

22. Piranga saira (Spi.x).

Tanaqra saira Spix, At'. Bras. ii. p. .15. tabl. xlyiii. fig. 1 (1825. — Brazil). Pyranga Saira Pelzeln, Zur Ornlth, Bras. iii. 1809. p. 211 (Goiaz).

Nos. 1904, 1908, 2011, 2055. <?(? ad., Goyaz, March and April 1900.— Wing 95, 97, 97, 101 ; tail 75, 79, 79, 81 ; bill 18 mm.

Nos. 1870, 1897, 1903. ? ? ad., Goyaz, March 1906.— Wing 93—94 ; tail 75—77; bill 17J— 18 mm.

The females are practically identical with Spix's type in the collection of the Munich Museum.

23. Tachyphonus rufus (Bodd,).

Tanagra nifa Boddaert, Tabl. PI. eitl. p. 44 (1783. — ex Daubenton, PI. enl. tab. 711. — Cayenne). Tachyphonus melalenciis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 212 (Cidade de Goiaz).

Nos. 1809, 1887, 1940, 2038, 2046, 2097. cj(? ad., Goyaz, March, April, May.

No. 2000. c? juv., Goyaz, April.

Nos. 1733, 1752. S (S ad., Faz. Esperan^a, January 1906.

Nos. 2240, 2271, 2329. c?cJ ad., Rio Aragnaya, June and July 1906.

Nos. 1606, 1849, 1864, 1948, 1975, 1983, 2032, 2033. ? ?, Goyaz, December, March, April.

Nos. 1662, 1753, 1776, 1803. ? ?, Faz. Esperan^a, December, January, February.

Nos. 2239, 2243, 2256-8. ? ¥ ad., Rio Araguaya, June and July 1906.

One of the adult males from the Rio Araguaya (No. 2329) has a small vertical spot of cinnamon-rnfous.

24. Cypsnagra ruficollis ruficoUis (Lcht.).

Tanagra ruficnlHs h\chten%tem. Ver~. Diihl. Berliner Mus. p. 311(1823. — S. Paulo). Cypsnagra riifienll'ts Pelzeln, I.e. p. 214 (Goiaz).

No. 1805. (? ad., Faz. Esperanfa, February 1906.— Wing 79; tail 64; bill 14^ mm.

No. 1700. (? juv., Faz. Esperan^a, January 1906.— Wing 72; tail 04; bill 13 mm.

The adult bird is practically identical with others from Mattogrosso (P. Feia, Chapada, Guyaba) and S. Paulo, the throat being deep cinnamon-rufous. Two examples from Chiiiuitos, Eastern Bolivia, obtained by D"Orbigny, in the Paris Museum, do not differ either.

The young bird (No. 1700) has the breast and abdomen much more tinged with buff than the adult, the throat is considerably ligliter, about " ochraceous-buff " (Ridgw. V. 10), and there is a distinct, though narrow, ochraceous line above the lores and eye.

Of. jS'ov. Zool. xiv. 1907, p. 350.

(30) 25. Nemosia guira guira (Liun.).

Motocilla Gtiira Linnaeus, Si/st. Nat. xii. 1. p. 335 (ITCH. — ex Brisson : ex Marcgrave, Hist. Nat.

Bras. p. 212 : '' Guiragua^uberaba" — Eastern Brazil). Nemosia guira Pelzeln, I.e. p. 215 (Goiaz).

No. 1956. (? ad., Goyaz, March 19u6.— Wing OH ; tail 54 ; bill 11^ mm.

No. 1922. ? ad., Goyaz, March 19(l6.— Wiiig 03 ; tail 51 ; bill 11 mm.

The adult male collected by Mous. Baer and two others in the Vienna Mnseum, obtained by Natterer near the city of Goyaz, agree perfectly with a series from the Rio Parang (Natterer), Kio Paranapanema(Hempel), and Piauhy (Wachsmnnd). Specimens from Bahia seem to be rather smaller, but a larger series should be examined.

iV. i/uira is divisible in several more or less well-defined geographic forms.

20. Lamprotes loricatus (Lcht.).

Tanagra loricata Lichtenstein, Verz. Dtthl. Berliner Miis. p. 31 (1823. — part.: •'(J" = ?. — " Brazil ").

No. 2403. J ad., Rio Araguaya, 55U m., August 1906.— AVing 115; tail 85 ; biU 20 mm.

In this specimen only the middle of the throat and foreneck are bright scarlet, while in a Bahia skin the chest is also of this colour.

L. loricatt/g is a scarce species, and its range still very imperfectly known. So far as I know, it is now for the first time recorded from Goyaz. Spix * obtained it between Rio de Janeiro and Bahia, Wied f says that it is rather common in the sertfio of the interior of the state of Bahia near Ressaque, on the confines of the Uampos Geraes. It is not unfreqnently met with in the trade collections shipped from Bahia.

27. Arremon silens (Bodd.).

Tanagra silens Boddaert, Tabl. PI. enl. p. 46 (1783. — ex Daubenton, PL enl. 742 : Cayenne). Aremoii silens Pelzeln, l.r. p. 21G (Cidade de Goyaz).

No. 2177. (c?) ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 77 ; tail 60 ; bill 13 mm.

No. 2099. cJ ad., Goyaz, May 1906.— AVing 76 ; tail 67 ; bill 13J mm.

They agree best with specimens from Para (cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 358), while others from Cayenne and British Gniana have the black jngnlar band rather broader. A series of adult males from Bahia, however, does not materially ditfer from northern examples except that the cinereous colour on the belly is generally more extended.

28. Saltator maximus (P. L. S. Miill.).

Tanagra maxima P. L. S. Muller, Nutursyst. Suppl. p. 159 (1776.— ex Daubenton, PI. enl. 205. —

Cayenne). Saltator magmts Pelzeln, l.r. p. 218 (Cidade de Goiaz).

Nos. 1680, 1685. ? ad., and one, not sexed, Faz. Esperan^a, December 1905. Nos. 1886, 2039. 66 ad., Goyaz, March, April 1906.

• Tanagra rvlrieollU Spix, Av. Bra^. ii. 1R25. p. 43.

t 7'. honariensis Wied, Beitr. Nalurg. Bras. 3. i. 1830. p. 633.

( 31 ) 2f). Saltator similis Lafr. et D'Orb.

Saltator similis Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, Si/ii. An. i. in Mug. Znol. 1837. cl. ii. p. 36 (Corrientea,

rep. Argentina — type e.xamiued). S. similis var. Pelzein, I.e. p. 218 (Cidade de Goiaz). S. s. iMlUdireiitris Berlepsch, Zeitschr. Ges. Ornith. ii. p. 121 (1885. — Bahia : type examined).

Nos. 2253, 2254. c? ? ad, Rio Araguaya, July 1900.— Wing 98, 93; tail 93, 91 ; bill 18J, 18 mm.

I am unable to find any constant differences between specimens from Bahia (including the type of -S'. s. pallid i cent ris Berljj.), and those from Goyaz (Baer, Natterer, V. deu Steineu, Custelnau et Deville), (Juyaba (Behn), and Minas Geraes (Campanha). Skins from Parand (Caritiba), Santa Cathariua, and Rio Grande do Sul are much darker, deep fnlvous on the belly, as pointed out by Connt Berlepsch {I.e.). The type of S. simil/'s from Corrieutes, however, proved to be indis- tinguishable from Bahia and Goyaz examples — hence -S'. «. pallidiventris becomes a synonym of similis, while the dark-bellied race from South-eastern Brazil would require a new name. Specimens from Rio de Janeiro and S. Paulo are variously intermediate between the two forms, some being nearer the northern race, others being very nearly as dark as examples from Rio Grande do Sul.

Although I have examined thirty-sis specimens, this material was not sufficient to exactly define the range of the two or three geographic forms.

30. Saltator atricollis VieiJl.

Saltator alricollis Vieillot, Nouv. Did. xir. p. 104 (1817. — ex Azara No. 82 : Paraguay) ; Pelzein, 1.0. p. 219 (Goiaz).

No. 1736. c? ad., Faz. Esperan^.a, January 1906.— Wing 92 ; tail 98 ; bill 18 mm.

Nos. 1855, 2084. cJt? ad., moulting, Goyaz, March, May 1900.— Wing 92, 91 ; tail 95A, 97A ; bill 17i mm.

No. 1977. ? imm., Goyaz, April 1906.— Wing 89; tail 92; bill 17 mm.

No. 1738. ? juv., Faz. Esperanca, January 1906.— Wing 88; tail 92; bill 18 mm.

This series agrees exactly with several topotypical specimens from Paraguay (Bernalcue, near Asuncion). Freshly moulted birds are warm chocolate-brown on the back, and the lower parts show a strong ochraceous tinge. In worn plumage the upper surface is dull greyish brown, especially rump and upper tail-coverts, while the breast and the middle of the abdomen appear nearly white, the flanks and under tail-covevts alone being pale ochraceous.

In immature birds the throat is duller black and mixed with brownish, the bill nearly uniform blackish.

31. Schistochlamys atra (Gm.).

Tawigra atra Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 898 (1788.— ex Daubenton, PI. Enl. 714. fig. 2 :

Cayenne). Orchestinis aler Pelzein, I.e. p. 220 (Goiaz).

Nos. 1663, 1811. Si ad., moulting, Faz. Esperan(;a, December 1905, February 1906.

No. 1703. ? jr., Faz. Esperan^a, January 1906.

Nos. 1614, 1947, 1976, 1980, 2047. S ? ad., Goyaz, March, April 1900.

( 32 )

No. 2066. J juv., Goyaz, April 1906.

Identical with specimeus from Cayenne iiud Bogota. An adult male from Cnyaba is not different either.

32. Cissopis leveriana major Cab. •

[Laiiius Leverianus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p. 302 (1788.— ex Latham, Go,. Syn. Birds, 1. i. p. 192 :

loc. ign. — Cayenne, cf. Latham, I.e. Siippl. i. p. 54).] Cmojiis major Cabanis, Mu.'i. Uciii. i. p. 144 (May 1851.— based on Belliyliis picatus [iiec Lanhis

picatus Lath. J Bonaparte, Comji. Av. i. July 1850. p. 491 : Brazil).

No. 1755. cf ad. in worn plumage, Faz. Esperan^a, January 1906. — Wing 110 + X. ; tail 170 + x. ; bill 10 mm.

Nos. 1878, 1879, 2008. c?c? ad., ? ad., in moult, Goyaz, March, April 1900.— Wing 110—114 ; tail 152—167 ; bill 16, 16, 15 mm.

No. 1008. Av. imm., Goyaz, December 1905.

Agreeing with a series from Bahia, Rio, Minas Geraes and S. Paulo. The interscapnlar region is always glossy bluish black like the head, while it is white like the rump in C. I. leveriana (Gm.), of Cayenne and Venezuela.

33. Cyanocompsa cyanea cyanea (Linn.).

Loxia njanca Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 303(17i'i('i. — ex Edwards,* tab. 125 : "Angola" — errore I

We substitute Eastern Brazil as typical locality). Guiraca cyatiea Pelzeln, I.e. p. 221 (Goiaz).

No. 2202. "(?■' ad., Rio Araguaya, June 1906.— Wing 81 ; tail 77 ; bill 15 mm.

No. 2191. "d'"ad., Rio Araguaya, June 1900.- Wing 73 ; tail 68 ; bill 14| mm.

The male is somewhat larger than Bahia skins, but not otherwise different. The female is typical, being ochraceons-brown on the upper parts, and deep ochraceous on the lower ones.

The geographic forms of C. cyanea are in great confusion. I have not snfficient material at hand to discuss them now, but I hope to do so on an early occasion.

34. Oryzobonis angolensis angolensis (Linn.).

Loxia aiigoUnsis Linnaeus, Syxt. Nut. xii. 1. p. 3il3 (17lJ6. — ex Kdwards : " Angola "—errore ! We

substitute East Brazil as typical locality). Oryzobonis iorridus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 222 (Araguay).

Nos. 1621, 1087-9. SS ad., Faz. Esperan^a, December 19u5.— AVing 69— 62 ; tail 57—61 mm.

No. 1762. c? juv., Faz. Esperant-a, January 1906.

35. Ovyzoborus crassirostris maxiiniliani Cab.

[Loxia crassirostris Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 862 (1788.— ex Latham : loc. ign.— We fix Cayenne

as typical locality).] Oryzobnrus Maximiliani Cabanis, ilus. Hcin. i. p. 151 [June 1851. — based on Friiigilla crassirostris

Wied, Beitr. Nntg. Bras. 3. i. 1830. p. 564.— Rio Espiritu Santo ; and South-eastern Bahia

(Caravellas, Viyoza) ].

No. 1709. c? fere ad., Faz. Esperan(;a, January lOOO.^Wing 70; tail 72; bill 16J, depth at base of upper mandible 10, of lower mandible 6^ mm.

* Edwards says that his specimen was brought alive from Lisbon, and quotes the words of Mr. Martyn that " this bird is only to be got on the coast of Angola, in Africa . . ." At that time there was a regular traffic between the west coast of Africi and Brazil (then a Portuguese colony), and it is probable that C.ci/ama, like several other species (f.i. Oryznioru.i o«^(>?f«sts), was imported from some of the principal ports in Eastern Brazil — Bahia or Rio dc Janeiro.

( 33 )

No. 1682. (?) ad., Faz. Esperan<;a, December 1905.— Wing 09 ; tail 05i ; bill 16; depth at base of upper mandible '.), of lower maudible G mm.

Besides the.se sjiecimens, I have examined an adnlt male from Rio de Janeiro in Count Berlepsch's collection, and another from (!ayaba, Mattogrosso,* obtained by Natterer, in the Vienna Mnsenm.

0. c. maximiliaiii is a very close ally of 0. c. crassirostris (6m.), and takes its place in Southern Brazil. The males differ from those of the typical race by averaging larger, and by having the axillaries and under wing-coverts broadly edged with black. Specimens of 0. c. crassirostris from Cayenne, Surinam and British Guiana (Aunai) have a mnch smaller bill, as well as shorter wings and tail. Those from Trinidad (Seelet) and the Orinoco valley, however, are scarcely smaller than 0. c. ma.rimiliani, and the bill is quite as large and stont as in the latter. Two adult (SS from the upper Rio Negro (Lamalonga, Marabitanas) have the strong bill of the Orinoco and Trinidad birds, but in size they agree with the Guianan ones. The female of 0. c. maxiiniliaiii differs from 0. c. crassirostris by its ratlier darker and less rnfescent upper parts, and by having the axillaries and under wing-coverts more buff (less whitish).

0. c. maximiliani is rather scarce in collections, and its range very imperfectly known. Prince Wied met with it on the Rio Espiritn Santo, and near Vifoza and Caravcllas in the south-eastern portion of the state of Bahia. Natterer obtained an adult male at Cuyaba, Mattogrosso, and Dr. Allen f records three specimens, obtained by Mr. H. H. Smith near Chapada, in the same province. Count Berlepsch possesses, as mentioned above, an adnlt male from Rio de Janeiro, whence there are also two skins in the British Museum.

36. Volatinia jacarina jacarina (Linn.).

Tanc^ra /ac'«W«a Linnaeus, .S^s/. Nmi. xii. 1. p. 31-t (17G6. — ex Brisson : ex Marcgr,ive, p. 210:

" Jacarini." — Eastern Brazil). Vohxi'inki jacarina Pelzeln, /.c. p. 226 (Goiaz).

No. 1757. $ fere ad., Faz. Esperan^a, January 1900. — Wing 55 ; tail 49 mm. Nos. 1609, 1732, 1750. $S imm., Faz. Esperanpa, December 1905, January 1906.

Nos. 1043, 1771. ? ad., ? jnv., Faz. Esperanga, December 1905, January 1906, In the males all the axillaries and under wing-coverts are white.

37. Spinus ictericus alleni Ridgw.

[Frhigilla icterica Lichtenstein, Verz. Diihl. Bcrl. Miif:. p. 20 (1823. — .San Paulo).] Spinnn aUeui Ridgway, Aich, xvi. p. .37 (1899. — Chapada, Mattogrosso).

No. 2161. (? vix ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 65; tail 40; bill 10 mm.

No. 2208. S ad., Rio Araguaya, June 19u0.— Wing 68; tail 43 ; bill 11 mm, These specimens, which agree perfectly with a topotype from Chapada (Brit. Mns.), differ from true <S'. ;. ictericus (Lcht.) ex Rio, S. Paulo, Rio Grande do Snl, etc., by rather shorter wings, clearer yellow under-parts and by having the yellow basal portion of the tail less extended, this being especially noticeable on the median rectrices. The thighs are pale yellow as in S. i. ictericus.

* OryzohoTus rrassirogtris Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. iii. 1869. p. 222 (part.), t Bull. Am. Mils. N. Y. iii. 18(11. p. .3G8.

( '^-i )

Skins from lj;ihi;i (Wuclierer, Brit. Mnsenm), aud Cliiiiuitos in Eastern Bolivia (D'Orbignj-, Paris Museum), are in every respect similar to those from Goyaz.

Cf. my remarks in Ahhandl. Ahml. Wissensc/i. Miinchen KI. ii. BJ. xxii. 3. 190(5. [)p. 718-19, s.u. Spiiiws ictericus campestrits (Spi.v).

3s. Sicalis columbiaua leopoldinae Helim.

Siadis columhiaim IfopuliliiMii Hullmayr, Ball. B. 0. C. xvi. p. 85 (April 1906. — Lcopoldiiia, Rio Araguaya, Goyaz).

No. 2227. c? ad., Rio Araguaya, June 1900. -Wiug 58; tail 4U; bill 9| mm.

Agrees in every particular with the type which was obtained in the same locality. In Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907, pp. 8-9, I gave a review of the geographic races of S. columbiaua, to which I have nothing to add.

39. Sicalis arvensis arvensis (Kittl).

FrimjHla armisi^ Kittlilz, Mini. Ar. St. Pilernhg. (sav. I'tr.) ii. p. 134 (1835 —Chili).* Sycalis Ililaril Pulzolii, /,'■. p. 23:2 (Abrantes and Fazenda S. Antonio, Goyaz).

No. 2123. or cJ juv. Rio Thesonras, May 1906.— Wing 70; tail 55; bill 10 mm.

With a consideralile scries from various loi-alities before me I can recognise, east of the Andes, three geograj>hic forms of this group.

(a) Sicalis arcensis arccnsis (Kittl.).

llaO. C^hili, Argentine, South Brazil. Goyaz: Rio Thesouras (Baer), Abrantes, Fazenda do S. Antonio (Natterer) ; Northern >S. Paulo : Faz. do Jos^ Dias (Natterer) ; Mattogrosso : Chapada (Smith) ; Miuas Gerae.s : Lagoa Santa (Reiuliardt) ; Rio Grande do Snl : Tarjuara (Ihering), etc.

N.l>. — I am unable to see constant differences between specimens from Chili aud Argentine and others from Brazil. Crithagra hilarii Bp. was based on an example from Southern Brazil (cf. JSoc. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 309). Skins from different localities measure as follows :

Wing. Tail. Bill. Six adult (? cJ from Chili . . . 74 — 77 53 — 55i lOA— lU mm. Two adult SS from Mcndoza . . 72i, 75 54, 55i lOi, 11 „ Two adult c?(? from Abrantes, Goyaz 73, 77 54, 57 10 „ One adult c? fi'om Chapada, Matto- grosso 74^ 54 10 „

(i) Hicalis arvensis chapmani Ridgw. Sicalis cliitpiimni Ridgway, .!«/•, xvi. p. 37 (1899. — Sautarem, Lower Amazons).

Huh. Lower Amazons : Santarem (Riker) ; Isle of Jlexiana (Wallace), Isle of Marajo (Mus. Paracnse).

c? ad. Dilfers from .S. a. arvensis by its smaller size, much larger bill with more

* I have not been able to verify this reference.

( 35 )

strongly curved cnlraeti, much brighter yellow uuiliM'-parts aiul more yellowish grouud-colour of the back.

Two adult c? J' from Mexiaua (Wallace).— Wing 0."), (i(J ; tail 44, 4-"i ; bill 11 mm.

Oue adnlt d from Manijo. — Wing 00; tail 40 ; bill 11 mm.

(c) Skalia an:emis minor Cab.

Syralis minor Oabanis : in Schumburgk, Hcisin Bill. Giiiaita, iii. p. (57!) (ISiS.— IJrit. Guiana).

Hri/j. British Guiana : Aunai, Uio Ruiuirumi, etc. (Whitely, Scliomlmrgk) ; North Brazil : Forte do Itio Branco (Natterer) ; Venezuela, iu the Orinoco valley : Altagracia, Quiribana de Caicara (Cherrie).

c? ad. Agrees with S. a. chapmani iu size and coloration, but has a much smaller, less curved bill.

Two adult SS from Brit. Guiana.— Wing 65, 04; tail 40i, 45 ; bill 9 mm.

Two adult (?(? from the Rio Branco.— Wing G2J, 03; tail 44, 44^; bill 8, 8i mm.

Five adult iS from the Orinoco. — Wing 03 — 00; tail 4.) — 48 ; bill S^ — OJ, mm.

4i). Brachyspiza capensis capensis (P. L. S. Mull).

Friiigilla capensis P. L. S. Miiller, Xiiliirsysl. Sniipl. p. 1G.3 (1776. — ex Daiibenton, PI. Kiil. 38(5. fig. 2 — "Cap de Bonne Esperauce" : errore ! — Wc substitute Cuyennc as typical looality).

Nos. 1869, rJ30, 1U92, 2075. (JJ, ? ? ad., Goyaz, March, April, May I'.JUO. Identical with a scries from Cayenne, and various localities iu Brazil.

41. Porphyrospiza caerulescens (Wied).

Tanagra catnUescensWied, Beiti: Natiirg. Bias. 3. i. p. 5U (1830. — " Campo3 GeraiJs " ; = c? ad.). Porphyrosjiiza caerulescens Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. ii. 188'J. p. 140 (crit.). Cyanosi>iza cyanella Pelzeln, /.•■. p. 227 (Cidade de Goiaz).

No. 1905. (? ad., Goyaz, March 1900.— Wing 00 ; tail (moulting) ; bill 11 mm. Agreeing with specimens from Chapada, Mattogrosso.

42. Poospiza cinerea Bonap.

Ponspiza cinerea (ex Cuvier MS.) Bonaparte, Conxp. Av. i. p. 473 (July 1850. — "Bresil." — type in

Paris Museum examined ; = juv.). Pouspiza schisUicca Cabanis, .Mus. llcin. i. p. 137 (May 1851. — Brazil) ; Pelzeln, /..-. p. 'i.'O

(Goiaz).

Nos. 1942, 1994. SS ad., Goyaz, March, April l'.»u6.— Wing 04 + .\, 00^ ; tail 03, 61i; bill 11, IU mm.

No. 2128. S ad., Rio Thesonras, May 1906.— Wing 68 ; tail 04; bill 10^ mm.

No. 2083. ? in moult, Goyaz, May 1900.— Wing 65 ; bill loj mm.

No. 2130. c? juv., Rio Thesonras, May 1006.

The young bird is washed with yellowish below, and the upper parts are dull greyish with a strong olivaceous tinge.

P. cinerea is a near ally of P. mchtnoleuca (Lafr. &. D'Orb.), from the Argentine Republic, but has longer wings, a larger bill, and the adnlt males never get a black head, the pileum being schistaceous like the back, while the lores, cheeks and ear-coverts alone are dull sooty blackish.

( 3C ) 43. Myospiza manimbe (Lclih.).

Frhigilla Miwimhe Lichtenstein, T't/c. l)i(bl. lii-iiincr Mux. p. 25 (1823. — Bahia).

C'*(HrH(f(//H.f ;)^n/rt««.s Bonaparte, Onmp, Ar. i. p. 481 (1850. — "ex Am. m. occ." — crrore ! The

type which I examined in the Paris Museum is from Gni/ii:) ; of. AblnnuU. Akml. Wissaixch.

Miinrhen, ii. Kl., Bd. xxii. 3. 190G. p. 673, footnote.

No. 18(n. i iiiini., Goyaz, March 1900.— Wing 50 ; tail 43 ; bill 10| lum. No. 1048. adult (uot soxed), Faz. Esperauca, December 1005. — Wing 57 ; tail 45 ; 1)111 11 mm.

More riifons on the back tlian two Bahia skins, but otherwise uot different

44. Emberizoides herbicola herbicola * (VieilL).

Si/lvia herhicnia Tieillot, Xuur. Did. xi. p. Iil2 (1817. — ex Azara, No. 230 : Paraguay).

Nos. 1730, 1801. c?c? ad., Faz. Esperanfa, Jannary, February I'JOO. — Wing 75 ; tail 117, 104; bill 14, 14J mm.

No. 1758. ? ad., Faz. Esperanca, January 1900.— Wing 72; tail 103; bill 13 mm.

Nos. 1630, 1000, 1708. Adults (not sexed), Faz. Esperanga, December 1900.— Wing 70, 75, 70 ; tail 93 ; bill 14, 13 mm.

Nos. 1664, 1784. ? ? juv., Faz. Esperanna, December 1905, Jannary 1900.

These specimens agree perfectly with otliers from Bahia and S. Paulo. In the adults, the under tail-coverts are always uniform brown, without any trace of dusky spots or stripes ; in one of the young birds (No. 1604), however, the shorter ones arc distinctly striped witli bhxckish.

45. Coryphospiugus pileatus (Wied).

Frinr/iUa pi/eata Wied, Reise Bras. ii. i>. lilo (1S21.— Barra Varcda on the Rio Pardo, southern Bahia).

No. 2400. c? ad., Rio Araguaya, August 1900.— Wing 63 ; tail 60 ; bill 12 mm. Rather paler uudorneath than two specimens from Bahia.

40. Coryphospingus cucullatus (P. L. S. Miill.).

FrimjiUa cucuUata P. L. S. MuUer, Xuiuaijst. Supiil. ]^. ICG (177G.— ex Daubenton, P/. cnl. 181.

fig. 1 : Cayenne). Coryjihoxpi/ir/us crislatiis Pelzein, I.e. p. 228 (Goiaz).

Nos. 1866, 2031, 2098. S S m]., more or less in moult, Goyaz, March, April, May 1906.

No. 2185. (S juv., Itio Araguaya, June 1900.

No. 1011. Juv., Goyaz, December 1905.

The adults jire perfectly similar to otliers from Paraguay.

47. Paroaria baeri Hellm.

Pnroaria bneri Hellmayr, BnU. B. 0. C. xix. p. -13 (.January 1'.I07. — Rio Araguaya, Goyaz).

No. 2390. ? ad., Rio Aragnaya, August 1906.— Wing 83; tail 81; bill 13J mm. Type of species.

• As pointed out by Mr. Kangs (Ault xxiv. Ifl07. p. 309, footnote), FrmijiUa maetvura Gm. (Syst. AW. 1. ii. 1788. p. ills) i.s preoccupied hy F. macron ra I'all.is (in Vroeg's Cat. AJumhratiuncula, 1764, p. 3, No. 144). Vieillot's term hirhicola becomes, therefore, the specific name, while the northern race ought to be called Ii. hcrUvula sphrniints (Vieill.).

( 37 )

No. 2212. S fere ad., Rio Araguaya, June 1900.— Wing SO; tail 73; bill 14 mm.

No. 2375. ? jnv., Rio Araguaya, August 1906.— Wing 70i ; tail 7.s ; bill 1 i mm.

Adult female. — Upper parts black with a strong gloss of metallic blue ; the feathers of the forehead and anterior portion of the crown with dark carmine- red tips which form a large frontal patcli, ending in a line with the posterior border of the eye. Lores, sides of the head and neck bhick, glossed with metallic blue like the back. Cheeks and throat cariuine-red, the extreme bases of the feathers being black ; feathers of the foreneck glossy black, each with a minute carmine-red spot at the very tip. Rest of the under-surface pure white, the sides of the breast indistinctly barred with bhick. Thighs black with white tips. Lesser upper wing-coverts metallic bluish black, rather duller towards the base ; remaining wing-coverts, quills and rectrices dull black, slightly glossed with oily greenish along the outer web. Axillaries and under wiug-coverts white. Bill black, basal half of lower mandible dull reddish ; feet black.

The male (No. 2212) agrees with the type except in being smaller and in having the under wing-coverts variegated with black. Some of the feathers on the foreneck show pale bniiy-brownish edges, a sign of immaturity.

No. 2375 is a young bird with the throat and foreneck deep buff-yellow, and without any red or black in the plumage. It differs from tlie young of P. g. gularis (Linn.) and P. g. cervicalis Scl. by its much darker, fuliginous (instead of pale brown) back, and by having the sides of the head dark smoky brown (not brownish bufl'). The bill, too, is decidedly stronger.

P. baeri is nearly allied to, but quite distinct from, P. <j. gnlnris (Linn.), from which it may be distinguished by the following characters : The red of the forehead and throat is much deeper, carmine-red (instead of " poppy-red," Ridgw. vii. 9); the feathers of the forehead and anterior portion of the vertex are only tipped with red, the bases being black, while in P. g. gularis all the top of the head (from the forehead to the nape) is uniform clear poppy-red, there being no blackish bases to the feathers ; lores and sides of the head metallic liluish black (not poppy- red as in P. g. gularis), sides of the neck bluish black like the back (not white as in P. g. gularis) ; occiput, back and wings much more glossy ; sides of the breast and abdomen with subterminal cross-bars of blackish, entirely absent in the Guianan species. Another very striking difference consists in the shape of the feathers of the foreneck. In P. g. gularis these feathers are elongated, somewhat pointed and black, with the concealed bases dull reddish ; in P. baeri they are much shorter, rounded and dull black, each with a minute glossy spot of carmine-red at the extreme tip. The bill of P. baeri is decidedly stronger and stouter, and the lower mandible dull reddish (not clear yellowish white as in P. g. gularis) with the tip blackish.

48. Cacicus cela (Linn.).

Parua Cefa Linnaeus, Si/sl. Nul. x. p. 191 (1758. — "in Indiis " ; crrore ! — we sukstitute Snrimim

as typical locality). Cacicus ccla Hellmayr, Nov. Zoul. xiii. 1906. p. 20 (crit.). Cassictis perskus Pelzeln, (.e. p. 193 (Goiaz).

No. 2410. ? ad., Rio Araguaya, April lOoC— Wing 12o ; tail ^7; bill 25 mm.

( S8 ) 40. Amblycercus solitarius solitarius (Vieill.).

Ci/sf/ciis .lolitarhi!) Vieillot, A^miv. Dvt. v. p. 3C4 (181fi. — ex Azara, no. 58 : Paraguay = juv.). Cassindus solitarius Pelzeln, l:r. p. 194 (Porto do Rio Araguay).

No. 2411. ? ad., Rio Araguaya, August 1900.— AVing 114; tail 110; bill 28 mm.

Bill yellowish white, basal half greyish.

50. Cassidix oryzivora oryzivora ((^m.).

Oriiilus nrijzirorus Gmelin, Sysl. Nut. 1. i. p. 38G (1788.— ex Latham; Cayenne).

No. 2387. ¥ ad., Rio Araguaya, August 1906.

There are doubtless two (or more) geographic races of the Rice-Gracl;k' in South America, but I liave no time now to enter into the question.

51. Molothrus bonariensis bonariensis (Gni.).

Tiiiiarira boiiaritiisis Gmelin, Si/sl. Xiil.J. ii. p. 898 (17SS, — " Bonaria " — ex Daulienton, /■?, c;//. 710), Molothnt.i sericeus (nee Irlerus i^erireiis Lichtenstein) Pelzeln, Ix, p. 'JOO (Goiaz).

No. 2328. ? ad. (au c? jr.?), Rio Araguaya, July 1900.— Wing Ion ; tail 74 ; bill 10 mm.

Agrees with speeimens from Buenos Ayres, Rio Grande do 8ul, S. Paulo, etc. Of. Abhandl. Akad. Wissensc/i. Miinchen, Kl. II. I5d. xxii. 3. 1900. pp. 013-14.

52. Xanthornus cayanensis valencio-buenoi (Ihering).

\Oii"his riii/inteiisia Linnaeua, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. IG.'? (17GC. — ex Edwards and Brisson : " in insula St. Thomae (errore !), Cayana " — the latter locality accepted as terra typica).]

Jctenis rtn/a/icnsis calrnriii-bueuni Ihering, lievisl. Mux. Paul. v. for 1901, p. 2G8 (1902. — Piracicaba and J.iboticabal, N.E. S. Paulo).

llyiihiittis iijjrrhiipleriis (nec Vieillot !) Pelzeln, Ziir Ornilh. Bras. iii. 18G9, p. 194 (part.: Porto do Rio Parana, Goiaz, Cuyaba).

Nos. 2037, 2103. ? ? ad., Goyaz, April and May. — Wing 91, 93 ; tail 99, 101 ; bill 19, 20i mm.

Nos. 2101, 2102, 2035, c? fere ad., c? jr., ? juv., Goyaz, April and May.— Wing 04, 88, 89 ; tail lOOi, 91, 102 ; bill 20—19 mm.

No. 1059, vix adult, Esperanca, 7((0 m., Dec. 19o5.— Wing 91; tail 95i ; bill 20i mm.

The series agrees perfectly with several examples from northern S. Paulo : one ? ad. from Victoria, coll. Ilempel iu the Tring Museum, and a jiair from Porto do Rio Parana, collected by Natterer, and belonging to the Vienna Museum. Besides these, there are among Nattcrer's specimens an adult female and a young bird from Cuyaba, Mattogrosso, which I am unable to distinguish from our Goyaz series. In the same locality (Cuyaba), this naturalist also obtained four adult birds of X. pijn-hoptcrus comj/.fiis (Oberh.)* in which the shoulder- patch is of a clear cinnamon rufous.

A', c. valencio-buenoi is an excellent form, to some extent intermediate between A', c. car/ancnsis and X. c. tihialis Sws. With the former it agrees in having the thighs black, and the axillaries as well as tlie uuder wing-coverts black, narrowly edged with jialc yellow; but dill'ors at a glance by the humoral patch

• rrof. f'.'S'. ifnt. Mils. .xx\. 10112. p.C8 ((.'ii^aba, Mattogrosso),

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being much darkor, dull orange-oohraceons (Ridgw. v. 3), instead of saflVon-yellow. The bill, too, is rather smaller ami slenderer. A', c. tibialis, on the other hand, has the thighs mostl}', and the axillaries and under wing-coverts entirely yellow, while the shonlder-patch is either pnre yellow as in .V. c. cai/anenxiit, or orange- ochraceons as in A', c. Kalencio-buenoi.

The range of these three forms is, according to our present knowledge, as follows : ^

(«) X. cai/anensis cayanensis (Linn.).

Cayenne; Surinam; Amazonia: Berafica near Pars'i (Steere coll., Mns. Tring) ; Pari, S. Antonio (Snethlage), Island of Marajo (Wallace), Rio Jurna (Garbe colL^ Mns. Panlista) ; Ucayali, East Pern (Bartlett), etc.

{/)) X. cai/ancnsis valcncio-buenoi (Ihering).

Interior of Brazil. Northern S. Panlo : Piracicaba, Jaboticabal (Mns. Panlista), Victoria (Hompel), Porto do Rio Parana (Mattercr). Goyaz : city of Goyaz (Baer, Natterer), Paz. Esperanca (Baer). Mattogrosso : Cuyaba (Natterer).

(c) X. cai/anensis tibialis (Sws.).

Icterus tibialis Swainson, Aniin. in iFemig. p. .302 (1838. — "Brazil").

Eastern Brazil : Rio de Janeiro (one "Rio "-skin in Tring Mns.), Bahia (many skins in Tring), Peruambnco (Forbes), Ceara (two skins in Tring).*

53. Xanthornus croconotus (Wagl.).

Psarocoliiis crnronntas Wagler, Isis 1829. p. 757 (" patria specie! praecedentis," sc. " in Mexico " — errore ! we substitute Guiiimt as typical locality ; cf. Lichtenstein, N'miencl. Ai\ Miis. Birnl. 1854. p. 51 — typus in Berlin Mus.).

No. 2374. ? ad,, Rio Aragnaya, Angnst 190G.— Wing 103; tail 104; bill 241 mm.

Agrees perfectly with two specimens from the Rio Napo, Eastern Ecuador. From X.jamacaii (Gm.) this species chiefly differs by having the crown and nape deep orange like the back, the forehead alone being black. Sides of the head and throat Ijlack as in A', jamacaii.

54. Aaptus chopi chopi (Vieill.). Agelaius chopi Vieillot, Nouv. Did. xxxiv. p. 537 (1819.— ex Azara, no. 62, part. : adult— Paraguay).

No. 1877. ¥ in change of jilnmage, Goyaz, March 1900.— Wing 112; tail moulting; bill 20^ mm.

No. 184(). ? (an cf ?) ad., in moult, Goyaz, March 1900.— Wing 122; tail 95; bill2U mm.

About the geographical races of A. chopi, cf. Abhamll. Ahad. Wissensch. Milnchen, Kl. II. Bd. xxii. 3. 1900. pp. 014-15.

The specimens agree in size with others from Paraguay and Minas Geraes.

♦ The specimen from "Eio Clare, Cloiaz (Jujuer)," in the British Museum i^^.J^. r(/,',?^f»f;i,;^be locality, therefore, doubtles serroneous, ..VvauawaS ^■^^■^■^ll"i\^v t

( 40 ) 55. Uroleuca cyanoleuca (Wied).

Coitus cyanoleucus Wied, Reise Brasil. ii. p. 190 (1821. — Campo Geral, near the boundary between Bahia and Minas Geraes).

Nos. 2111, 2112, and one without number. ? ? ad., (Joyaz, May 1900.— Wing 192—200; tail 145—155 mm.

No. 1798. ? ad., Faz. Esperan9a, February lOoO.- Wing 186 ; tail 142 mm. Perfectly similar to specimens from Victoria, S. Paulo.

56. Cyanocorax cyanopogon (Temm.).

Corvus c>/anopnyo7i Temminck, lire. PI. ml. livr. 2',) tab. 109 (1822 — "au Brt'sil dans les districts

de Bahia").* Cfyanocorax cyanopogon Pelzeln, Zur Oruith. Bras. iii. 1869. p. 190 (Goiaz).

Nos. 1882, 1901, 2056. S S ad., ? juv., Goyaz, March and April 1906. Nos. 1628, 1686. SS imm., Faz. Esperan^a, December 1905. Nos. 2219, 2.316, 2401. c? ? ? jr., Rio Araguaya, June, July, and August 19o6. Not different from specimens obtained by Mons. A. Robert on the Rio Jordao, prov. Aragnary, Minas Geraes.

57. Taenioptera cinerea (V'ieilL).

Tyrannus cinerens Vieillot, Analyse Onihli. p. 68 (1816. — " Amerique merid."). Taenioptera iieinjeta auct. (nee Linnaeus) : of. Berlepsch, Orn'is xiv. 1907, p. 467.

No. 2016. S ad., Goyaz, April 190G.— Wing 143 ; tail 101 ; bill 22J mm.

No. 1737. S ad., Faz. Esjieran^a, January 1906. — Wing 143 ; tail worn ; bill 21 mm.

No. 1812. c? in moult, Faz. Esperan^a, February 1906.

No. 2017. ? ad., Goyaz, April 1906.— Wing 130; tail 98; bill 22 mm.

No. 2116. ? ad., Rio Thesonras, May 1906.— Wing 135 ; tail 85; bill 22 mm.

These specimens agree in size and coloration with others from S. Paulo and Paraguay. Two females from the island of Marajo, Nortli Brazil, collected by Professor Steere, are considerably .smaller (wing 125J — 126; tail 88, 89 mm.), and have a rather shorter, slenderer bill. Perhaps they constitute a recognisable race.

58. Arundinicola leucocepliala (Linn.).

Pipra Imcocephala Linnaeus, Mus. Ail. Friil. ii. Prodr. p. 33 (1764. — Surinam ; cf. Syst. Nal. xii. 1. 17G6. p. 340).

No. 2300. S ad., Rio Araguaya, July 1900.— Wing 64 ; tail 47; bill 15 mm.

Identical with several Bahia skins. The cnrious shape of the two outer primaries in the adult males seems to have been overlooked by all recent authors, although it was correctly described long ago by Cabanis.f

59. Gubernetes yetapa (Vicill.).

Muscicapa yetapa Vieillot, Nour. Diet. xxi. p. 460 (1818. — ex Azara, no. 75 : Paraguay).

No. 1785. ?, moulting, Faz. Esperanga, January 1906.

Cf. Abkandl. Akad. Miinchen, Kl. ii. Bd. x.\ii. 3. 1906, p. 647.

* Temminck pnblislied tlie first proper description of C. cyanopogon. From the account given by Wied {Tteise Brasil. ii. 1821. p. 137) it is impossible to recognise the species.

t Mimtcctes leucocephalu) CaUanis in Tschudi, Fann. Pcruan., Arei, 1844-(s p. 148 (footnote).

( 41 ) 60. Knipolegus orenocensis Beil.

Cnipolegus orenocensis Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 4H3, tab. xii. (Angostura : Orinoco) ; Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Znol. ix. 1902. p. 35 (Altagracia, Caicara, Capuchin : Orinoco).

Nos. 2321, 2322. (?c?ad., Rio Araguaya, July I9(i(5.— Wing 85, 84 ; tail TT ; bill 17, 16J mm.

These birds agree exactly with a series of males from the Orinoco in the Tring Museum, except that the bill is a very little narrower and slenderer. In coloration there is not the slightest difference, the back and uuder-surface being sooty-grey with a faint olivaceous hue, the pileum rather more blackish, etc., as in the Orinoco series. The first primary is quite normally shaped.

This is one of the most interesting species in the present collection, and quite an unexpected addition to the Brazilian avifauna. K. orenocensis was hitherto only known as an inhabitant of the Orinoco valley.

61. Copurus colonus colonus (Vieill.).

Musckapa colotius Vieillot, Nouv. Did. xxi. p. 448 (1S18. — ex Azara, No. 18(1 : Paraguay).

Nos. 1885, 2048. c?c? ad., Goyaz, March, April 1906.— AViug 81, 83 ; tail 160, 170; bill 9 mm.

No. 1890. ? ad., Goyaz, March 1906.— Wing 79; tail 132; bill 10 mm.

No. 1804. (J ad., Faz. EsperanQa, February 1906.— Wing 84; tail 161; bill 9J mm.

The female differs from the males by its smaller size, shorter median rectrices, and by having the cap decidedly darker, smoky greyish, contrasting with the white frontal band.

The differences between C. c. colonus and C. c. fuscicapillus Scl. are well pointed out by Mr. Ridgway,* but their geographical distribution is not correctly given. C. c. colonus is confined to Paraguay and South Brazil (from Bahia, Goyaz, and Mattogrosso southwards) ; while (7. c. fuscicapillus ranges from Colombia (Bogota) through Eastern Ecuador to Northern and Central Peru.

62. Todirostrum cinereuin coloreum Ridgw.

\Todus cineretis Linnaeus, fi?/st. Nat. xii. 1. p. 178 (17C6. — ex Edwards, Glean, ii. p. llo, tab. 'li'<2,

fig. inf. — Surinam).] Todirostrum. cinercum coloreum RiJgway, Proc. Biol. Soe. Tl'n.s//. xix. p. 115 (1906.— Corumba,

Mattogrosso). T. cinereuiH (nee Linn.) Pelzein, Ziir Orii. Bra.'i. ii. 18G8. p. 100 (part. ; Rio Parana, Ciiyaba,

Caiyara, S. Vicente) ; Allen, Bull. Anter. Mus. iv. 1892, p. 332 (Chapada, Corumba).

No. 2036. ? ad., Goyaz, April 1906.— Wing 42i ; tail 40 ; bill 14 mm.

This bird as well as Nattercr's series from Mattogrosso and the Rio Parana differ from T. c. cinercum of northern South America by rather brighter lower parts, somewhat longer white tip to the outermost rectrix, and by having the back mainly light olive-green, contrasting with the dark slaty pileum and nape. Two specimens from Chajjada in the British Museum are quite similar.

* ISirds Nurth and Middle America, iv. 1907, pp. 350-51.

(42) 63. Euscarthmus margaritaceiventer margaritaceiventer (I.afr. & D'Orli.).

Todirostrum margaritaceiveiiler Lafresnaye & D'Orbi^ny, i^i/n. A v. i. in : Muf/. Ziml. 1837, cl. ii. p. 4G (Chiquitos, Bolivia).

EtisaarOimus mnrgaritaceiveiiler Pelzeln, /.<■, p. 101 (Porto ilo Rio Aragnaj).

Nos. 2120, 2134, 215(). Si ad., Rio Thesoiiras, May iniiO.— Wing 50J, 50, 48 ; tail 4.51, 43i, 43 ; bill, 14, 13| mm.

Practically identical with specimens from Paraguay and Mattogrosso. The flanks are distinctly washed with pale yellow, and the middle of the throat is white with very few if any hrownish streaks. Tiie range of E. m. wuclicreri Sol. & Salv. a])pears to be confined to Bahia. Cf. Berlepsch k Hellraayr, Journ. f. Ormth. 190.5. pp. 0-11.

04. Euscarthmus striaticollis (Lafr.).

Todiroslrum strialietilh Lafresnaye, 7?ci\ .1/(17. •^""', 1853, p. 68 (Bahia). EuHcarlhiims Ktriiilioollia Pelzeln, l.r. p. 101 (Aragu.iy).

No. 2353. c? ad., Rio Araguaya, August 1900.— Wing 55 ; tail 44 ; bill 1 5 mm.

Difters from several Bahia skins by its much duller and darker olive-green (less yellowish) back, greenish (not mouse-brown) cap and decidedly brighter yellow under-parts, with the cliest and sides more strongly tinged with olive-greenish. Natterer's female from the Araguay, however, is not appreciably diflerent from Bahia specimens.

65. Phyllomyias brevirostris virescens (Allen).

[Plalijrhynclius brevirostris Spix, Av. Brut. ii. p. 13. tab. xv. fig. 2 (1825.— Rio de Janeiro).] Sulhgatus virescens Allen, Bull. Amer. Mas. ii. p. 149 (1889. — Chapada, Mattogrosso) ; Ridgway, bird' North and Middle America, iv. 1907. p. 420, note b.

:No. 2021. S ad., Gnyaz, April 1000.— Wing 37 ; tail 53 ; tars. 15 ; bill 8i mm.

[Amer. Mns., New York, No. 33,316. c? ad., Chapada, Mattogrosso, May 8, 1885. Type of S. virescens Allen.- Wing 58| ; tail 52 ; tars. 10 ; bill 8i mm.]

Tlie Goyaz specimen is practically identical with the type of S. rirescens kindly lent by Dr. J. A. Allen for comparison.

This species is by no means a member of the genus Stihlcyatiis, but a typical r//i/!lo/i/i/ias, to some e.Ktent intermediate between P. b. bixvirostris (Spix), of Sonth-Eastern Brazil, and P. b. incanescens* (Wied), of Bahia.

It differs from a series of the latter form by the following details : Breast and abdomen are brighter and more uniform yellow; the cap is decidedly paler, light ashy (not blackish) ; the back more greenish (less greyish) ; the bill rather stouter ; wings and tail rather longer.

From P. b. brei-irostris, on the other hand, it may be distinguished by the much paler yellow underparts, with the throat purer and more extensively white, and the flanks much less tinged with greenish or greyish ; the back much paler and duller, greyish green (instead of oil- or bright olive-green) ; the cap light ashy, more or less contrasting with the colour of the back (instead of being green like the latter) ; the wing-bauds much paler, dirty whitish or greyisii wliite, the edges to the quills whitish or yellowish white (instead of bright olive-yellow).

* Mmcipeta incanescens Wied, Jicitr. Xalurg. Bras. 3. ii. p. S9.S (1S31.— BaUia). — Phyllomyias livUlus (Temm. IIS.) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 17« (ISiiS.— Bahia).— P. hcrleptchi Sclater, P.Z.S. Limit. 1887, p. 49 (Bahia).— Cf. Berl. k IleUm. Jimrn.f. Orn. 11)03. pp. 24-5.

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Tho range of flie three forms is as follows :

a. P. h. hremrostris (Spix).

Forest region of Soutli-Eastern Brazil : Rio fie Janeiro (Spix, Wied, Natterer), Cantagallo (Enlcr), Nen Freiburg (Beske), Registo do Sai, Sapitiba (Natterer), Porto Real (Hardy). S. Paulo : Ypanema, S. Luiz (Natterer), Igiiape' (Krone), S. Sebastiao (Hempel), Piqnete (Robert), Ubatuba (Garbe). Parana : Morretes, Serra do Mar (Robert). Santa Catharina : Blnmenan (coll. mea). Rio Grande do Snl : Taqnara (Ihcring). Measurements :

1 S ad., Rio de Janeiro. — AVing CA ; tail 57 mm.

2 ? ? ad., Rio.— Wing 57 ; tail, 50, 52 mm.

9 (?(? ad., S. Paulo.— Wing 59—62 ; tail 52^-55 mm. 9 ? ¥ ad., S. Paulo.— Wing 56—60 ; tail 50—50 mm. 1 (? ad., Parana.— Wing 59 J ; tall 52 mm. 1 c? ad., Taqnara. — Wing 64 ; tail 55 mm. One adult, Blnmenan. — Wing 60 ; tail 54 mm.

b. P. b. rirescens (Allen).

Campos district of the interior of Brazil. Mattogrosso : ( 'hapada (Smith) ; Goj-az (Baer).

1 S ad. from Chapada (type).— Wing 58i ; tail 52 mm. 1 S ad. from Goyaz. — Wing 57 ; tail 53 mm.

c. P. b. incanescens (Wicd).

Only known from Bahia, Eastern Brazil.

Ten adults (not sexed) from Bahia.— Wing 51—55; tail 45i— 50 mm.

66. Phaeomyias muriua murina (Spix).

Philijrhijnchus murimis Spix, Av. Brcti:. ii. p. 14. tab. xvi. fig. 2 (1825.— Brazil).

Myiopatis iiicitnesrens (nee iFvsripeta in('<nie:<reus'W\&i\) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. 18G8. p. lOG (Cidade de Goiaz, Serrado).

Nos. 2199, 2277. 3 ? ad., Rio Araguaya, June, July, 1900.— Wing 57, 50 ; tail 50, 48 ; bill 10 mm.

About the nomenclature and the geographic races of this species cf. Berlepsch & Helhnayr, Join-n. f. Oniith. 1905. pp. 2-3.

67. Ornitliion obsoletum cinerascens (Wied).

[Musampa ohsolela (Natterer M.S.) Teaimiiiok, PI. ml. livr. 4(1. tab. 275. fig. 1 (Itfay 1824.— Brazil ;

coll. Natterer.— According to tUe registers of tlie Vienna Museum, the specimen forwarded to

Temminck was obtained at Cunjiibn, Parana).] Iluhphilus cineraiii-eiix Wied, Beitr. Naliifg. Brax. 3. ii. p. 723 (1831.— Barra do Jucii on the Rio

Espiritu Santo, southern portion of Esp. Sauto). ililiopalis nhsohia (aec Musc'icapa ohsoh'la Temm.) Pelzeln, /.'•. p. lOi'i (part. : Goi.iz). Oniithion imherbe (nee Caniptonlnimi imhcrhc Scl.) Sclater, Cat. Birih Bril. Mns. xiv. 1888. p. 12G

(part. : specimens o, p, ex Bahia (VVucherer coll.).) 0. nneruscem Allen, Hull. Amer. Miis. N.Y. ii. IHS'J. p. 1 18 (crit. ; synon. part.) ; idem, /..'. iii. 1802.

p. 334 (Chapada, Mattogro.sso).

No. 2171. ? ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1900.— Wing 53 ; tail 43 ; bill 8 mm. Pr. Allen first pointed out (J.c.) that //. cinerascens of Wied was a typical

(44)

Ornithion, aud sj'nonymised it with M. obsokta Temm. On examiuiiig a very large series of skins from varions localities iu Soutliera and Eastern Brazil, I find, however, that those from Espiritn Santo, Bahia, Gojaz, and Mattogrosso differ from trne 0. o. obsoletum, of southern Minas Geraes (Oongonhas), S. Paulo and Parana in decidedly smaller size and slightly paler coloration, especially of the upper i)arts. Two t()potyi)ical specimens from the llio Espiritn Santo, for the loan of which I am greatly indebted to Professor H. v. Ihering, of S. Paulo, fit admirably several freshly moulted birds from Bahia; hence cinerascfns becomes the proper subspecific appellation of the pale, short-winged northern race.

It may be mentioned that the original specimen from Congonhas, upon which Burmeister based the description of his Elaenea miirina,* and which was kindly submitted to my inspection by Professor Taschenberg, of the Halle Museum, is referable to typical 0. o. obsoletum, agreeing in every way with skins from S. Paulo and Parana. This had already been stated by Count Berlepsch.t The range of the two forms is accordingly as follows :

a. 0. obsoletum obsoletum (Temm.).

Ilnb. Forest region of South-Eastern Brazil. Southern Miuas Geraes : Cougouhas X (Burmeister), Lagoa Santa (Lund). S. Paulo : Ypanema (Natterer), Victoria (Hemjiel — in Mus. Tring), Yporanga, Itaran.', Iguapt^ (spec, in Mns. Panlista examined), Bcbedonro(Garbe — Mus. Panlista), Campinas (Lund). Parana: Curytiba (Natterer), Roca Nova in the Serra do Mar (Robert — Mns. Tring). Santa Catharina : Laguna (lljarup — Mus. v. Berlepsch). Rio Grande do Sul : Taquara (Ihering). Measurements :

8 c?<? from S. Paulo.— Wing 56—58; tail 46—51 mm.

1 ? from Parana. — Wing 55; tail 45 mm.

1 ad. from Santa Catharina. — Wing 61 ; tail 52 mm. •

2 c?cJ from Tarinara.— Wing o6i, 57^; tail 46 mm. 1 ? from Taqnara. — Wing 55 ; tail 45 mm.

1 ad. from Congonhas.* — Wing 57; tail 47 mm.

b. O. obsoletum cinerascens (Wied).

Hab. Campos district of Middle Brazil. Espiritn Santo : Rio Espiritn Santo (Wied ; Garbe— in Mus. Panlista). Bahia (Wncherer— in Brit. Mus.; many trade skins in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch, Tring, Vienna, etc.). Goyaz : City of Goyaz (Natterer), Rio Thesouras (Baer), Porto Imperial on the Rio Tocantins (Castelnan Exped. — in Mns. Paris). Mattogrosso : Chajiada (Smith). Eastern Bolivia : Chiquitos (D'Orbigny §-in Mus. Paris). Measurements :

Fifteen specimens from Bahia (not sexed). — Wing 47—54 ; tail 3sl — 45 mm.

2 cTc? from Espiritn Santo (topotypes).— Wing, 52, 49A ; tail 42, 40 mm. 1 S ad., Porto Imperial, R. Tocantins. — Wing 53 ; tail 41 mm.

1 c? ad. from Goyaz. — Wing 54 ; tail 40 mm.

* EloA-nea miirina (neo >^pix) Burmeister, Sy.it, Ubers. Th. Brasil. ii. 1.S50. p. 181.

t 2eitschr. gex. Urnith. ii. 1883. p. 131, footnote.

X Sabar^ of inoilcrn ni;ip.s.

§ Muicicapa obsoleta (nee Temm.) l.afr. & D'Orb. Si/n. At: i. in : M<if/. Zovl, el. ii. 1837. p. 53 (part.).

( 45 )

2 ? ? ad. from Goyaz. — Wing 53; tail 43, 44 mm.

One adnlt from Chiqnito.s, East, Bolivia. — Wing 54J ; tail 45 mm.

N.B. — The specimen from Cliiquitos is practically identical with the Brazilian, ones.

I have not seen the examples from Rio de Janeiro, and Paracati'i, northern Minas Geraes, recorded hy Reinhanlt.* The former may belong to 0. o. obsoktiim, while the latter are most certainly referable to 0. o. cinerasceiis.

68. Elaenia cristata Pelz.

Elainea cristata Pelzeln, Zur Ornilh. Bras. ii. p. 177 (1SG8. — Goiaz) ; Berlopicli & Leverkiihn, Ontis vi. 1890. p. 12 (Lavrinhas).

Nos. 1854, 1856. Adnlts (not sexed), Goyaz, March 1000.— AVing 08, 69 ; tail 04 ; bill 11 mm.

No. 1700. (J in moult, Faz. Esperanca, January 1900. — Wing 74 ; tail 06i mm.

Althongh synonymised with E. albiceps by Dr. Sclater.f this species is a very distinct one, being easily recognisable among its congeners by its full, dense, brownish crest without any white at the base, and by its rather short, rounded wings. In general coloration it most resembles E. payana. Of. also Beidepsch, Omis xiv. 1907, pp. 398-9.

Besides the above specimens I have examined Natterer's typical series in the Vienna Museum, an adnlt female from Lavrinhas (obtained by Prof. Behn and actually in the Berlin Museum), and some thirty Bahia skins in Count Berlepsch's collection.

69. Elaenia gaimardii gaimardii (D'Orb.).

Muacicdjiiird Gaimurdii D'Orbigny, Voyat/e, Oiseaux, p. 32(i (between 1838 and 1847. — Yuracar^s, Eastern Bolivia).

No. 1671. Adnlt, Faz. Esperanga, December 1905. — Wing 59 ; tail moulting; bill 10 mm.

No. 2176. Adult, Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 57 ; tail moulting ; bill 11 mm.

I am unable to detect any differences between D'Orbigny's type and Brazilian specimens (including the types of E, cleyans Pelz. from Mattogrosso, Borba, and the Rio Negro).

70. Elaenia caniceps (Sws.).

Tyramiiila caniceps Swainson, Birds Brazil tab. 4'.l (1841. — Brazil). Elainea taczanowsl-ii Berlepsch, Ibis 1883. p. 137 (Bahia).

SerpnplHiija ulhngrisca (neo Sclater & Salvin) Allen, Bull. Amer. Miis, iii. 1892. p. 333 (Abrilongo, Chapada : Mattogrosso).

No. 1920. 6 ad., Goyaz, March 1000.— Wing 61 ; tail 56 ; bill lo mm.

This bird agrees exactly with the type of E. taczanowskii, and the two skins from Mattogrosso, named S. albogrisea by Dr. Allen. I am greatly indebted to this gentleman and to Count Berlepsch for the loan of these valuable specimens.

Two species have hitherto been distinguished by Count Berlepsch, Dr. Sclater, and others : (1) E. caniceps, with the back more or less olive-green, the crown patch and the wing markings pale yellow, and the flanks and under tail-coverts

* Mijiopatis ohsoleta Eelnhardt, Vldcnsk. Mcdd. Kj^benkavn, 1870. p. 345. t Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. 1888. p, HI.

( -16 )

tinged with yellowish. (2) E. taczanoicsldi, with the back cinereous, the crown patch, markings on the wings, and the lower parts white.

A series of nine specimens from Sapiicay, Paraguay (Foster coll. — Brit. Mus.), however, clearly shows that these two supposed species are merely phases of one form, E. caniceps representing the immature dress ; E. taczanowskii the plumage of the fully adult male.

One of the skins in Mr. Foster's series (•'<? ") is practically identical with the type of E. taczanowskii and the three examples from Goyaz and Mattogrosso. Crown patch, ajjical spots to the upper wing-coverts, and edges to the remiges pure white, hack jnire olive-grey (without any green), axillaries and under wing- coverts white with a hardly perceptible yellowish tinge. Then follows another "(J " in which some of the wing-markings as well as several feathers of the white crown-patch are slightly tinged with pale yellow, while the grey back shows here and there some olive-green feathers. Next come two "S S " with the crown- patch slightly more yellowish, thongh the white still predominates. Another "cJ " has the vertical patch uniform pale yellowish, the back mainly olive-green with very little cinereous, and the axillaries as well .as the under wing-coverts pale yellow. Tlie flanks and crissum, too, are washed with yellowish. Two "(?c? " and two "??" have the back uniform olive-green, and the crown-patch, wing- markings, axillaries, and flanks even more decidedly sulijhur-yellow. These specimens correspond to what we used to call E. caniceps.

E. cinerca Pelz. is the northern representative of E. caniceps. The adult male differs from the corresjwuding stage (= E. taczanoicskii) by its longer, broader bill, much wider white markings to the uj)per wing-coverts, and clear cinereous (not olive-grey) back. The crown-patch and under-parts (including axillaries and under wing-coverts) are pure white, the chest slightly shaded with pale cinereous. The female (and probably also the young male) has the upper surface clear olive-green, the vertical patch and markings on the wing pale yellow, and the lower parts bright suljihur-yellow, washed with dull greenish on the sides of the chest. This is the bird identified as E. macilcaini by Berlepsch and Hartert.* A Bogota skin in Count Berlepsch's collection, a bird in change of plumage, has the crown clear cinereous with a white vertical spot (just like the type of E. cinerea), but the back is olive-green, and the e^lges to the upper wing-coverts are pale yellow, as in the female from the Caura River {E. macilvaini Berl. & Hart., uec Lawr.) ; the throat and foreneck are greyish white, as in E. cinerca, the rest of the under- surface pale yellow, whitish in the middle.

The true E. macilvaini Lawr., however, is quite a different species, being a northern race of E. gaimardii (D'Orb.) with a canary- yellow crown patch, as correctly pointed out by Mr. Ridgway.t There are three specimens from Panama (MacLeannan) in the British Museum which concord well with Ridgway's description of the type (said to be from Venezuela).

The range of E. caniceps and E. cinerca is as follows :

{a) E. caniceps (Sws.).

Brazil. S. Paulo : Ypanema, Porto do Rio Paraud (Natterer), Victoria (Hempel — Mus. Tring), Ubatuba (Garbe — Tring): Rio de Janeiro: Cantagallo

* -Vttt'. Zoiil. i.t. iyu2. p. U (Sjuapui'e, Venuzuula).

t Birds Ntrrth and Middle America vol. iv. l'J07. p. SOU.

( -iv )

(Enler) ; Goyaz : City of Goyaz (Bacr); Bahia (s])eciinens in Mns. H. v. Berlcpsch) ; Piauhy : Castelliano on the Rio Parnahyba (Reiser — Vienna Mns.) ; Mattogrosso : Cbapada, Abrilougo (Smith). Paraguay : Sajmcay (Foster). N.W. Argentina : Ledesma, prov. Jujny (Dinelli— 2 dc?jr. in Tring).

E.xamined : t? ? iram., Yi)anema, S ad., Porto do Rio Parana (Natterer — Mns. Vindob.) ; 2 c?c?, 1 ?, Victoria, S. Panlo ; 1 ad. (type of IJ. taczanowskii), 1 imra. from Bahia (Mus. H. v. Berlepsch) ; 2 av. imm., Bahia (Mns. Vindob. et BcroL); 1 '1 jnv., Ubatnba (Tring) ; 1 S ad., Goyaz (Tring) ; 2 iS ad., Matto- grosso (American Mnseuiu, New York); 2 <?<? jr., Jujny (Tring) ; 1 SS ad. and imm., 2 ? ? , Sapncay, Paraguay (Foster — Brit. JMus.).

{h) J'J. ciitcrcu Pclz.*

N.W. Brazil : Marabitauas, Rio Negro (Natterer). Venezuela : Suapure, Canra R. (Klages). Eastern Ecuador : Sarayai^u (Buckley). Eastern Peru : Chaiuicuros (^Bartlett). Colombia : Bogota coll.

Examined : 1 S ad., Marabitanas (type of species) ; 1 i ad., 1 ? imm., Suapure, Caura (Tring) ; 1 (c?) ad., (c?) juv., Bogota (Mus. H. v. B.) ; 1 {S) ad., Sarayacu (type of Serjikophaya albogrisea Scl. & Salv.) t ; 1 c? ad., Chamicuros.

71. Suiriri affinis affinis (Burm.).

Elacnea affinis Biirmoistcr, Si/st, Ubcrs. Tli. Brasil. ii. p. 477 (1^5(5. — Lagoa Saiila, Minas Geraes) ; Allen, Bull. Ainer. Jinx. iv. 1802. p. 3'5(j (Chapada, Mattogrossd).

Eluiiiea affinis Reiiihardt, Vidciui/:. Mcthlcl. natiirh. Furcii. KJ0hcnhavn 1870. p. 310. (Paracatii, Lagoa Santa, Aklea dc Estivas : Miuas Geraes) ; Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. linis. ii. 18tj8. p. 108 (Cimeterio, Capivari : Parana ; Nas Lage<, Rio das Pedras : northern S. Paulo).

Nos. 21G3, 2135. SS, Rio Thesouras, May 190(3.— Wing 88, 85 ; tail 77, 74 ; bill 15|, 11 mm.

Nos. 2164, 2165. ? ?, Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 82, 80 ; tail 76, 72 ; bill 13i, 14 mm.

No. 1852. ?, Goyaz, March 1906.— Wing 77 ; tail 70^ ; bill 14 mm.

No. 1853. (J) ad., Goyaz, March 1900.— Wing 88 ; tail 77 ; bill 15 mm.

In all the specimens the inner webs of the five outer rectrices are pale yellow at the base, this colour being entirely concealed by the tail-coverts ; on the median pair the corresponding portion is pale greyish brown, sometimes with a yellowish tinge. The outer web of the outermost rectrix is invariably pale yellowish grey. In Nos. 2135 and 1853 the tail-feathers terminate in a broad, though ill-defined, apical band of pale brownish or brownish white, while in the remaining specimens there is but a narrow l)rownish margin to be seen.

The colour of the rump and upper tail-coverts is extremely variable. In No. 1852 they are uniform light yellowish green ; in Nos. 2163, 2164, and 2165 the rnmj) is pale greyish yellow, the upper tail-coverts rather purer brownish grey ; while in Nos. 2135 and 1853 both are clear brownish grey, as in the type of S. a. bahiaeX (Berl.).

No. 2135 diflers from the other examples by its much shorter and broader bill, a peculiarity indicating immaturity in allied genera of Tyrannidae, though, judging

* Zur Om. Bras. ii. 1.SG8. p. ISO (Marabitanas, Rio Xegro).

t P. Z. S. Limd. l.SHO. p. 156.

X Emjiidagra lahiae Bcilepsch, Ornilh. Monatshcr. i, 1S33. p. 12 (Babia).

( 48 )

from its ])lninage, the bird seems to be quite adnlt I In three specimens (Nos. 2163, 2135, Ksr)3) tlie bill is entirely black ; No. 1852 has the basal half of the lower mandible pale brownish; and in Nos. 21G4 and 2165 the latter is entirely yellowish white.

The types of E. affinis in the Halle Musenm and Natterer's specimens at Vienna all have more or less yellow at the base of the tail-feathers, which is altogether absent in the type of E. bahiae, still unique in the Berlepsch Museum.

72. Sublegatus fasciatus fasciatus (Tlumb.).

Pipm faacHxla Thunberg, Mem. Acud. Sci. St. Pttersbg. viii. 1822 (JiJe Liinnberg, Ibis 1903. p. 241,

in text.) Muscijieta mmlesla WieJ, Beilr. Nulurg. Bras. 3. ii. p. 923 (1831. — " au3 der GegentJ von Camamii

und Bah in "). Phjlhiiiiyius semifuscuK (nee Sclater) Pelzein, Ziir Or». Bras. ii. 18G8. p. 105 (Cidade de Goiaz,

Serrado). PhyHomyias platyrhyinhn Sclater & Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 159 (1873. — Goiaz).

No. 1792. cJ ad., Faz. Esperan^a, January 1900.— Wing 67 ; tail 61 ; liill 9 mm.

No?. 1926, 2079. J ? ad., Goyaz, March, May 1906.— Wing 08, 62 ; tail 63, 56 ; bill 9, ^ mm.

Cf. Journ. f. (Jniitli. 1905. pp. 3-5, where tlie full synonymy of the species is given. The descri])tiou of M. moih'Ma Wied also refers undoubtedly to this bird.

In Ridgway's Birds of Xorth and Middle America iv. 1907. p. 42(1, the distribution of S. f. fasciatus is stated to extend from " Colombia to South-eastern Brazil . . . ," the occurrence in Colombia being apparently based on S. incanescens (nee Wied) Salvin & Godman, Ibis, 1880. p. 124 (Minca, Santa Marta). Berlepsch and Helhnayr,* however, have pointed out that this specimen was wrongly identified, being referable to quite a different species — viz. Phijllomyias griseiceps (Scl. & Salv.), widely distributed in the mountainous parts of North-western South America. The range of S.f. fasciatus is given in our paper. I.e. p. 5.

73. Myiozetetes cayanensis cayanensis (Linn.).

Miiscicajia caynnmsin Linnaeus, Sys:t. Nat. xii. 1. p. 327 (17GlJ. — ex Brisson, Oni. ii. 1760. p. 404. tab. 38. fig. 4 : Cayenne).

No. 2034. cf imm., Goyaz, April 1906 ....

No. 2076. c? ad., Goyaz, May 1906

No. 1841. ? (?) ad., Goyaz, March 1906 .... No. 2274. ? ad., Rio Araguaya, July 1906 .... No. 1710. c? juv., Faz. Esjieranta, January 1900 . [Mu.s. Tring. S ad., Rio Jordao, Araguay, Minas Geraes,

May 23, 1901 A. Robert coll. No. 365 ... 9" 75 15 mm.

These specimens agree in colour and size with those obtained by Natterer at Engenho do Cap. Gama, Mattogrosso,t which were kindly lent for examination by Dr. Lorenz. The series differs from typical examples from Cayenne, British Guiana, Surinam, and the Parii district merely by rather larger size. The upper parts are generally rather darker, less olive, but this is not quite constant.

• Joiini. f. Orn. 1905. p. 5.

f Myitizeietes caycnnensis Pelzein, Oni. Bran, ii 1S6S. p. 109.

Wing.	Tail.	Bill.
94	76	14 mm.
96	78	15 mm.
94	77	14 mm.
88	75	14 mm.
88	77	14 mm.

Wing.	Tail.	Bill.
. 102	87	15i mm
. 99	87A	15" „
. 97	84	14 „
. 97	81	14J „
. 97	82	15i „

( 49 )

In Southern Minas Geraes (Saute F6) and the province of Rio de Janeiro, M. c. cai/anensis is represented by M. c. cri/tliroptera Lafr. This form is of the same size or even larger than the Central Brazilian examjjles of M. c. cayanensis, but differs at a glance by the much greater extent of rusty on the wings, the two basal thirds of both webs of the primaries being of that colour. I have examined the following specimens :

Mns. H. V. Berlepsch. Adult, Rio-make . Mas. Brit. Adult, Rio-make ....

,, „ S ad., Rio de Janeiro. Fry coll. .

„ ,, ? ad., Rio de Janeiro. Fry coll. .

„ „ Adult, S. F6, Minas. Rogers coll.

M. cai/anensis rufipennis Lawr., from N. Venezuela (Valencia, Puerto Cabello, Merida, Cumand, Orinoco valley, etc.), is another well-characterised form. Cf. Hellmayr, Abkandl. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen ii. KI., Bd. xxii. 3. 1906. pp. 649-50.

74. Rhynchocyclus flaviventris flaviventris (Wied).

Muscipeta flai'heiitris Wied, Beitr. N'ltunj. Bras. 3. ii. p. 929(1831. — "in der Gegeud der Fliisse Mucuri und Alcobafa," Espiritu Santo, S.E. Brazil).

Nos. 2305, 2323. c? ? ad., Rio Araguaya, July 1906.— Wing 62, 60 ; tail 55, 52 ; bUl 10|, lOJ mm.

Agreeing in colour and size with several skins from Bahia, which we may consider typical.

On the Rio Madeira a much paler form is found which has been separated as R. Jlaviventer barbae Helim. Cf. my remarks in Verhandl. Zool. Botan. Gesellsch. Wien, 1903. p. 208.

Another very close ally, R. fladioentris ciridiceps Scl. & Salv., * occurs in Pern and Eastern Ecuador. The Tring Museum has a specimen obtained on the Rio Napo by Mons. L. Petit, formerly in Comte de Dalmas' collection.

75. Sirystes sibilator sibilator (Vieill.).

Muscicapa sibilator Vieillot, Noiw. Diet. xxi. p. 467 (1818. — ex Azara : No. 191. — Paraguay). Muscicapa sibilans Lichtenstein, Ven. Dubl. Berliner Mus. p. 54 (1823. — S. Paulo).

No. 1745. (? ad., Faz. Esperan(,'a, January 1906. — Wing 97 ; tail '66 ; bill 19 mm.

Perfectly similar to specimens from Paraguay (topotypical) and South-eastern Brazil (Parand, S. Paulo, Rio de Janeiro).

In South America there are three well-marked geographical forms of this bird to be distinguished, the characters and ranges of which are as follows :

(a) S. sibilator sibilator (Vieill.).

Paraguay (Azara) : Sapucay (Foster coll.— Mus. Tring). South-eastern Brazil : Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul (Bischoff ) ; Ro(;a Nova (Robert), Curytiba, Parand(Natterer); Ytarar^, Goyaba, Ypauema, Cachoeirinha, RioParand (Natterer), Victoria (Hempel), San Paulo ; Rio de Janeiro (Fry coll.— Brit. Mus.), Cantagallo (Euler) ; Minas Geraes : Lagoa Santa (Burmeister — sp. in Mus. Halle, vidi) ; Goyaz : Faz. E8peran5a (Baer) ; Bahia (trade-skin in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch).

• Rhynchucyclus Hridicejis Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S. Land. 1873. p. 280 (Pebas, N.E. Peru).

4

( 50 )

Back aud rnmi) olive-grey, with a, distinct greenish cast on the mantle ; last nropygial feathers with whitish tips ; Tipper tail-coverta dark sooty-brown, with narrow cinereons edges. Throat and breast pale smoky greyish, the latter slightly tinged with yellowish ; abdomen white ; under tail-coverts brown with whitish or yellowish white edges. Upper wing-coverts broadly tipped with whitish or greyish white.

Wing (ten specimens) 93—09 ; tail 85—89 ; bill 18—20 mm.

(3) <S'. sihilator atimaslus Oberholser. Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. xxv. p. 66 (1902.— Chapada, Mattogrosso).

Chapada, Mattogrosso.

Upjier parts as iu the preceding form, but the yellowish white tips to the rnrap-l'eathers more conspicnous. Throat aud foreneck clear ciuereous ; breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts pure white. Upper vring-coverts as in & s. sibilator, broadly tipped with whitish or greyish white.

Wing (three specimens) 89—96 ; tail 80—87 ; bill 181-10 mm.

(e) <S. sibitator albocinereus Scl. & Salv. Siryistes albocinereus Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S. Land. 1880. p. 156 (Bogotd coll.).

Upper Amazonian district : Colombia (Bogota coll.) ; Eastern Ecuador : Sai-aya(;u (Buckley) ; Eastern Peru : Santa (Jruz (Bartlett), Ljuitos (Whitely), etc.; N.W. Brazil : Bom Lugar, Rio Funis.

Differs from the two foregoing forms by having the mantle clear cinereous without any olive tinge, and the rump find all the uuder-surface pure white, there being but a faint cinereous wash on the throat. The wing-coverts are almost uniform dusky brown, only a few with very narrow whitish apical margins, and the white edges to the secondaries are less distinct and narrower. Axillaries and under wing-coverts pure white (not pale yellowish grey as in -S'. s. sibilator and S. s. aiimastus).

Wing (six specimens) 92—99 ; tail 80—89 ; bill 18^^-20 mm.

76. Pitangus sulphuratus bolivianus (Lafr.).

[LaniKS stilphuralas Linnaeus, Synt. Nat. xii. 1. p. 1.37 (1766. — ex Brisson : Cayenne).] Siiuriiplmijidi boVivianus Lafresnaye, Hce. Hag. Zool. 1852. p. 46,3 (Chuquisaca, Bolivia). Pitanffus Maximiliani (nee Saurophagus ilaxim'tUani Cab. & Heine) Peizuln, Zur Oni. Bni--^. ii. 1868. p. Ill (Cidade de Goiaz).

No. 2143. S ad., Rio Thesouras, May 190G.— Wing 122 ; tail 95 ; bill 3Ui mm.

No. 2221, 2330. c? S ad., Rio Araguaya, June, July 1906.— Wing 118, 114; tail 90, 87 ; bill 30, 28 mm.

No. 1847. ¥ imm., Goyaz, March 1006.— Wing 113 ; tail 85 ; bill 28 mm.

The series agrees well with specimens from Tucuman aud other localities iu . Western Argentina. Typical birds from Bolivia are not available for comparison.

Specimens from Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, aud S. Paulo arc smaller, especially the wing being shorter, aud the upper parts are a clearer lirown. This is 1'. sulphuratus maxitniliani (Gab. & Heine).

As to the intensity of the yellow on the belly, there is considerable variation to be observed. Baer's examples from Rio Thesouras and Rio Araguaya are q[uite

( 51 )

as deep yellow as P. s. maximiliani, while the ? from Goyaz (No. 1847) has the under parts much paler, clear citron-yellow.

I hope to discuss the geographic races of the P. sulphuratus group on another occasion.

77. Megarhynchus pitangua pitangua (Linu.).

Laiiiiia Pitaiujm (sic) Linnaeus, Sijd. Xal. xii. 1. p. 130 (1766. — ex Brisson : ex Marcgrave— Eastern Brazil).

No. 2144. <? ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1906. No. 2235. ? ad., Rio Araguaya, July 1906.

[Though not collected by Mens. Baer, I take this opportuuify of recording the following species, of which there is an example in the Paris Museum.

78. Onychorliyndius swainsoni (Pelz.).

Muscivora Sioainsoni Pelzeln, Sitz. Akad. Wisseiisch. Wieii (math, naturw. CI.), xxxi. p. 326 (1858. — " Insel Juan Fernandez '' — errore ! We substitute S. E. Brazil).

Cat. No. 1846, No. 871. <S (jr.), Villa Boa (= Goyaz), 1844. « (Eil d'nu gris clair." Collector's number 238. Obtained by Castelnau and Deville. — Wing SI ; tail 691 ; bill 20| mm.

This bird agrees exactly with several Rio-skins in the Triug and Britisli Museums. The range of this species is still very imperfectly known. It was sujijiosed to be a native of South-eastern Brazil (and I have seen many skius of the unmistakable " Rio-make " in various collections), but the only precise locality recorded up to the present day was Neu Freiburg (state of Rio de Janeiro), where Burmcister * got some specimens.]

79. Hirundinea bellicosa (VieilL).

Tyramms bellicosus Vieillot, Xouv. Did. xxxv. p. 74 (1810. — ex Azara No. 189 : Paraguay).

Nos. 1957, 1961, 1967, 1968, 1970-73. <?<?, Goyaz, April 1906.

Nos. 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1969. ? ?, Goyaz," April 1906.

The series differs from several South Brazilian (S. Paulo) skins by having the feathers of the crown not so blackish and conspicuously, though narrowly, edged with pale rusty or rufescent brown.

80. Myiobius barbatus mastacalis (Wied).

[Muscica/m harbatn Gmelin, .S'l/s/. iVi((. 1. ii. p. ',133 (1788. — ex " Le Barbichon, de Cayenne,"

Daubenton, PI. Knl. 830. fig. 1).] Musclcapa mustdcalis Wied, Rcise Brasil. ii. p. 161 (1821. ^Rio Catole, a tributary of the Rio Pardo,

Southern Bahia). Plali/rlii/iirhus .midhopijgus, Spix, Ao. Bras. ii. p. 9. tab, ix. fig. 1 (1825. — no locality ; the type is

from Rio de Janeiro).

No. 1713. tJ ad., Faz. Esperanga, January 1906.— Wing 65i ; tail 59 ; bill 11 mm.

No. 1718. ?, Faz. Esperanca, January 1906.— Wing 60 ; tail 57 ; bill lOJ mm.

No. 1713 is an adult male with a large crown-patch of golden yellow ; No. 17 IS a female with the top of the head uniform dark olive like the back.

* Si/sf. Ubers. T/i. Ilras. ii. 1850. p. 601.

( 52 )

These two examples agree in coloration with the type of P. xanthopijgus Spix and several Bahia skins, the throat (except the yellowish chin), chest, sides, and under tail-coverts being ochraceons-brown, in decided contrast to the primrose- yellow of the middle of the breast and abdomen.

Goyaz is quite a new locality for M. b. mastacalis. The synonymy, range, and characters are given in extenso in my revision of Spix's types : Abhandl. Akad. Wissensck. Milnchen, Kl. ii. Bd. sxii. 3. 1906. pp. 041-3.

81. Myiobius fasciatus fasciatus (P. L. S. Bltill.).

Muscicapa fasciata P. L. S. MilUer, Xatnrsysl. Suppl. p. 172 (1776.— ex Daubenton, PI. Enl 574. fig. 3 : Cayenne).

Nos. 2120, 2122, 2127. SS ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 63— 63^ ; tail 57, 59, 61 ; bill 10|— lU mm.

No. 2140. i fere ad., moulting, same locality. May 1906.

No. 1777. S ad. in very worn plumage, Faz. Esperan^a, January 1906.

No. 1814. S juv. (without yellow crown-patch), Faz. Esperanpa, February 1906.

The adult males (with yellow crown-patch) differ from others from Bahia, Trinidad, and Cayenne solely by their rather longer wings, but the variation is scarcely appreciable. Specimens from Argentine are not constantly larger, and I cannot distinguish M. f. auriceps Gould as claimed by Ridgway.*

82. Pyrocephalus rubinus rubinus (Bodd.).

MuscicHiM mbinus Boddaert, TaU. PI. Enl p. 42 (1783.— ex Daubenton, PI. Enl 075. fig. 2, et

BufEon : " Pays dea Amazones "). Pyrocephalus ruhineus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 114 (Goiaz).

Nos. 2057, 2080, 2090. 3S imm., ? ad., Goyaz, April and May 1906. Nos. 2119, 2137, 2157. S ad., 6 imm., ? , Rio Thesouras, May 1906. Nos. 2190, 2354. ? ? ad., Rio Araguaya, June, August 1906. Identical with specimens from Amazonia (Tefle, etc.).

83. Empidochanes fuscatus bimaculatus (Lafr. & D'Orb.).

Muocipeta himai-uhila Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, Syn. Ai\ i. in May. Zoul 1837. cl. ii. p. 48 (Yungas, Bolivia— type in Paris Museum examined) ; cf. Berlepsoh & Hellmayr, Journ.f. Oniith. VMb. p. 21, footnote.

Empidochanes frhigillaris Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 116 (part. : Rio Parani, Goiaz, Cuyabi).

Empidochanes fuscatus (nee Wied) Allen, Bull Amer. Mus. iv. 1892. p. 340 (Chapada, Mattogrosso).

Nos. 2179, 2272, 2273, 2299. SS ad. and imm., Rio Araguaya, May and July 19U6.— Wing 07— 70i ; tail 69—72 ; bill 13—14 mm.

No. 2245. ? ad.,"Rio Araguaya, June 1906.— Wing 64^ ; tail 65 ; bill 14 mm.

No. 2136. ? ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 65; tail 64 ; bill 14 mm.

This series agrees exactly with several specimens from Chajjada, Mattogrosso, and others from northern S. Paulo (Rio Tiefe and Rio Paranaiianema). The middle of the breast and abdomen is white (without any yellow), as are also the under tail-coverts ; the foreneck, chest, and innermost sides of the body are dull

» Jiirds -\urtJt and Middle America iv. 1907. p. 513.

( 53 )

greyish, the axiUaries and nnder wing-coverts dirty whitish (never pale yellow as in E. f. fiiscatus), and the upper parts light rufescent brown, decidedly clearer and more reddish than in the typical race. No. 2136 slightly points towards E. f.fuscatus by having a faint yellowish tinge on the chest and flanks, while in other respects it agrees with the birds from the Rio Aragnaya.

The typical form, E. f. fuscatus* inhabits the forest region of the states of Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, and S. Panlo, has much darker and duller upper parts, pale yellow breast and belly, the chest more washed with brownish, etc., etc.

84. Myiarchus tyrannulus bahiae Berl. & Lev.

[Musckapa tijrannulus P. L. S. Miiller, Natursysl. Siipjil. p. 169 (1776. — ex Daubenton, PI. Eid. 541,

fig. 1 : Cayenne).] Myiarchus bahiae Berlepsch & Leverkuhn, Ornis vi. p. 17 (1890. — Bahia). M.ferox (nee Gmelin) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 116 (part. : Golaz).

Nos. 2018, 2044. Si ad., Goyaz, April 1906.— Wing 90, 93 ; tail 87 ; bill 20, 21 mm.

No. 2020. ? ad., Goyaz, April 1906.— Wing 94J; tail 90j ; bill 20 mm.

No. 2283. S ad., Rio Aragnaya, Jnly 1906.— Wing 93 ; tail 88^ ; bill 21 mm.

Besides these, I have examined a female, obtained by Count Castelnan (Mus. Paris), and an adnlt male secured by Natterer, in the Vienna Museum.

These six specimens agree with a series from Bahia in having no rnfous border to the inner web of the outermost rectrix, but are much paler, more olivaceous grey, instead of dull brown, on the upper parts, resembling in this respect M. ti/rannulus chlore.piscius Berl. & Lev., from Mattogrosso and Eastern Bolivia. The few examples of the latter form, which I have seen, show a broad rufous border to the inner vane of the outermost rectrix, like M. t. tyrannulus from Cayenne, Venezuela, etc.

In view of the variability of this character in other species of Mtjiarckus, however, I do not lay much stress on the markings of the tail-feathers, inasmuch as, according to Dr. Allen, t in M. t. chlorepiscius from Mattogrosso the rufous border to the external rectrix is also sometimes absent. Therefore I should not be surprised if a larger series would prove the Goyaz form to be referable to M. t. chlorepiscius.

85. Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus Vieill.

Tyrannus melancholic^ Vieillot, Noiiv. Did. xxxv. p. 84 (1819.— ex Azara No. 198 : Paraguay); Pelzeln, I.e. p. 117 (Goiaz).

Nos. 2077, 2078, 2093, 2094. (?(???, Goyaz, May 1906. Nos. 2275, 2298. ? ?, Rio Aragnaya, July 1906.

86. Muscivora tyrannus (Linn.).

Muscicapa lyraimus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xli. 1. p. 325 (1766.— ex Brisson : "Canada" errore !— and Cayenne).

No. 2442. i ad., Agua Suja, Minas Geraes, alt. lOOO metr., October 1906.

* Mmcipetafuscata Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Braiil. 3. ii. 1831. p. 902 (Hio de Janeiro), f BuU. Amer. Mtts. iv. 1892. pp. 3 12-3 : " M. tyrannulus."

( 54 ) 87. Pipra fasciicauda fasciicauda llellra.

ripra fnsciula (nee Thunberg 1822) Lafresnaye & D'Oibigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mug. Zoo!. 1837. cl. ii.

p. 38 (YiiracaruB, East Bolivia). Pipra fusfiirauila (nom. emend.) Hellmayr, Ihis 1906. p. 9.

No. lOGO. c? ad., Faz. EsperanQa, December 1 On.").— Wing 05; tail 31 ; bill lOi mm.

No. 1701. S jnv. (in the garb of the female), Faz. Esperanca, Jannary lOnO.

No. 1606 is perfectly identical with other adnlt males from the Rio Jordao (Minas Geraos), northern S. Panic (Rio Parauii, Rio Paranapanema), Mattogrosso (Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama), Itaitnba on the Rio Tapajoz, and with D'Orbigny's type from Eastern Bolivia, in the Paris Museum. All these specimens have a broad yellowish white band across both webs of all the rectrices ; the feathers of the throat are as a rule slightly tipped with red ; tlie under tail-coverts show a very narrow black terminal band.

Specimens from the npper Rio Pnrus, N.W. Brazil, from the Hio Ucayali, Eastern Peru, and from Chnchurras, province Hniinuco, Central Peru, differ by having the throat pure yellow, without red tips, the black terminal bantls to the nnder tail-coverts wider, and by the markings of the tail feathers. The central pair is wholly black, the two or three following ones are likewise black, but with a more or less developed white patch near the base of the inner web, the remaining rectrices are coloured {i.e. banded on both webs) as in P. f. fasciicauda. This western form has been separated by Miss Snethlage * as Pipra fasciicauda ]>unisiana. When I wrote my synopsis of the genus Pipra I had three adnlt males from Chuchnrras before me, but overlooked the dirterence in the markings of the tail. The range of the two races is thus as follows :

n. P . fasciicauda fasciicauda Hellm.

Eastern Bolivia : Yuracarcs, Guarayos, and Santa Cruz de la Sierra (D'Orbigny), Falls of the Rio Madeira (Rusby). Central Brazil, Mattogrosso : Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama, R. Guaport?, Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, Sao Vicente (Natterer), Chapada (Smith). Goyaz : City of Goyaz (Natterer), Faz. Esperan(ja (Baer). Northern S. Paulo : Rio Parana (Natterer), Faz. Cayou (near the Salto Grande), Rio Paranapanema (Hemi)el). Minas Geraes : Rio Jordao, prov. Araguay (A. Robert). North Brazil : Rio Tocantins (Wallace), Itaitnba on the R. Tapajoz (Hoffmanns).

b. P. fasciicauda purusiana Snethlage.

Orn. Monhn-. xv. p. It'iO (1907— Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus, N.W. Brazil).

P.fusciimmla Hellmayr, Ihix, 19lJ(5. p. 9 (part. East Peru : Ucayali ; Central Peru : Chucliurras). P.fascmta (nee Lafr. & D'Orb.) Sclater & Salvin, P. Z.S. Lmiil. 1873. p. 282 (Ucayali) ; Sclater, Oit. ISinh Brit. Mils. .xiv. 1888. p. 294 (part.: .spec, e, f, ex Peru).

N.W. Brazil : Ponto Alegre and Bom Lugar, Rio PurAs (Mus. Pard). Eastern Peru : Ucayali (Bartlett). Central Peru : Chuchnrras, province Hnanuco (Hoffmanns).

* Om. Monber. xv. Oct. 1907, p. IGO (type from Tonto Alegre, Kio I'lirus). I am greatly indebted to Miss Suethliige for the loan of the type specimens.

( 55 ) 88. Antilophia galeata (Lcht.).

P!/>m f/aJecilit Lichtenstein, Virz. Dubl. Berl. Mim. p. 28 (1823.— San Paulo). Metopia galeata Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. 18G8. p. 129 (Goiaz).

Nos. 1836, 1894, 1895, 1954, 1988. <?<? ad., Goyaz, March, April 1900.— Wing 77—80; tail 65—70; bill 8—9 mm.

Nos. 1620, 1040. cJc? ad., Faz. Esperanc;.a, December 1005.— Wiug 77, 81; tail 69, 68 ; bill 9 mm.

No. 1996. ((?)jnv. (in the garb of the female), Goj-az, Ajiril 1006.— Wing 75 ; tail 63 ; bill ^ mm.

Nos. 1987, 1622. ? ?, Goyaz, Faz. Esperanea, April 1900, December 1905.— Wing 73, 77 ; tail 58, 65 ; bill 9 mm.

This splendid bird is an inhabitant of the campos districts of Brazil. Natterer obtained it in the northern part of the state of San Panlo at various localities (Borda do Matto, Irisauga, Paciencia, Rio das Pedras, on the Rio Parana); and Lnnd * sent specimens from Franca, in the north-eastern corner of the same province. The former naturalist also met with it at Goyaz, and near Sao Vicente, in western Mattogrosso. H. H. Smith collected a large series at Chapada, Mattogrosso.f Burmeister got several examples from the environs of Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes,{ and the British Blusenm possesses two adult males secured by Dr. Wucherer in the interior of Bahia.

Whether the single female collected by Buckley near Simacn, § in North Bolivia, belongs to A. galeata or to a different form, cannot be decided until adult males come to hand.

89. Neopelma pallescens (Lafr.).

Tijranmtla palUscens Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zunl. (ser. 2) v. p. 57 (1853. — Bahia).

Heteropelma flavicapillum Sclater, P. .Z. S. Loml. 18G0. p. 4CG (S.E. Brazil); Pelzeln, Ic. p. 125

(Goiaz). Scotothorus pallescens Hellmayr, Va-humll. ZwA. Bni. Geulhch. Wen 1903. pp. 202, 204.

No8. 1902, 1952, 2004. (J, ? ? ad., Goyaz, March, April 1900.— Wing 80|,81, 76 ; tail 66, 06, 05 ; bill ]2i, 12 mm.

No. 2175. adult (not sexed), Rio Thesouras, May 1900.— Wing 77; tail 67; bill 12i mm.

No. 2184. (? imm., Rio Araguaya, June 1906.— Wing 75 ; tail 02 ; bill 12 mm.

No. 2301. cj juv., Rio Araguaya, July 1900.— Wing 77; tail 65; bill 12| mm.

Nos. 1883, 1991, 2058. ?, c?(? juv., Goyaz, March, April 1906.— Wing 75, 75, 78 ; tail 65, 64, 65 ; bill 12i mm.

These specimens are practically identical with a large series from Bahia.

In the paper quoted above I have given the synonymy, characters and geographical distribution of N. pallescens and its allies. I quite agree with Mr. Ridgway || that the three species of " Scotothorus " with yellow crest should be placed iu Neopelma.

* Reinhardt, VidensTi. Medil. Kjjubenlmvn, 1870. p. 318.

t Allen, Bull. Amcr. Mus. N. Y. v. UV.i. p. 107.

j Si/.<t. ilbrrs. Th. Bras. ii. 1856. p. 440.

§ Scl. & Kalv. P. Z. S. Land. 1879. p. G17.

II Birds North and Middle America v. 1907. p. 72'i, tootnote A,

( 56 ) 90. Tityra braziliensis (Sws.).

Psaris bratilieneis Swainson, Anim. Menag. p. 286 (1838. — " Northern Brazil ").

Nos. 1875, 1953. iS acl, Goyaz, March 1900.— Wing 133, I'ifi; tail 80, 75; bill 22 mm.

Agreeing well with other specimens from Brazil and Paraguay.

In No. 1875 the tail is entirely black, while in No. 1053 the foxir enter rectrices have a distinct patch of white at the base of tlie inner web. I have discussed at length the geographical distribution and characters of T. cai/ana and T. braziliensis in my revision of Spix' types : Ahhamll. Akad. Wissensch. Miinchen, ii. Kl., Bd. xxii. 3. 1906. pp. 667-8. Their ranges are not correctly given by llidgway.* For instance, the examples from Guaraj-os, Eastern Bolivia, t coll. D'Orbigny, which I examined in the Paris Mnsenm, belong to T. catjana, and not to braziliensis as supposed by Ridgway.

91. Casiornis rufa rufa (Vieill.).

Thamnophilus ruftis Vieillofc, Nnuv. Dirt. in. p. 31B (1816. — ex Azara's " Batara roxo '' (= No. 218 t):

Paraguay). Thamnophilus riililusYieiUot (nec'Vieillot^ 1816), Tabl. enc. metli. ii. p. 747 (1822. e.\ Azara's

" Batara roxo " — which Vieillot erroneously quotes as No. 215). (?) Miiscicapa rubra Vieillot, Noiir. Did. xxii. p. 457 (1818. — ex Azara's •' Suiriri roxo " (= No.

188) : Paraguay). Casiornis rubra Pelzein, I.e. p. 96 (Goiaz, Ponte alta). Casiornis typus Des Murs, in Voyage Exp. Castelnau, Oisemix, p. 55. tab. xviii. fig. 1 (1856. — Goyaz).

Nos. 1874, 1915, 2030. c?, ? ? ad., Goyaz, March, April 1906.— Wing 85, 85, 81 ; tail 83, 80, 79 mm.

Nos. 2145, 2172. S ad., S imm., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 84, 80; tail 83, 75 mm.

Nos. 2211, 2282, 2296, 2308, 23.52. c?(?, ? ? ad. and imm., Rio Aragnaya, June, July, August 1906.— Wing 80—85 ; tail 79—86 mm.

Nos. 1673, 1644, 1719. JcJad., Faz. Esperan^a, December 1905, .Tannary 1906.— AVing 84, 80 ; tail 79, 85.

Nos. 1634, 1641, 1667, 1672, 1674, 1712, 1717, 1720. ? ? ad. and jr., Faz. Esperanga, December 1905, January 1906. — Wing 79 — 83 mm.

These specimens are exactly similar to several topotypical skins from Paraguay, and others from Eastern Bolivia (D'Orbigny) and Mattogrosso. In all of this large series the back and rump are deep cinnamou-rufons, the cap being scarcely darker.

In Eastern Brazil (from Bahia to Par:!) C. r. i-iifa is replaced by C. rufa fiisca Scl. & Salv.,11 which differs chiefly by having the back dull earthy or rufescent brown, in decided contrast to the ciunamon-rnfons cap and upper tail-coverts.

The above is the correct name of the western form which had usually been called C 7ubra. It is, however, extremely doubtful whether M. rubra really refers to the species in question. Moreover, the name T. ru/us, which is accompanied by an unmistakable description, has the priority by two years.

• Birdt North and Middle America, iv. 1907. p. 867.

t Psaris oayanits Lafr. & D'Orb. Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Xool. 1837. cl. ii. p. 41.

X In the Spanish edition No. 218, in ed. Sonnini No. 217.

§ r. rutilui Vieillot, Xinn: Diet. iii. 181G. p. 317 (Madagascar).

II jYomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 159 (1873. — Bahia).

( 57 ) 92. Pachyrhamphus castaneus (Jard. & Selby).

Tityra castanea Jardine & Selby, lUuslr. Oniilh. tab. 10. fig. 2 (Feb. 1827. — " in America meridionali." — We fix South Brazil aa typical locality).

No. 1696. ¥ ad., Faz. Esperanpa, December 1905.

This bird shows the characteristic cinereous band across the hind-neck which distinguishes P. castaneus from the female of P. rufus (Bodd.) (= cinereus anct.). As I have pointed out in Abhandl.Akad. Wissensck. Mmichen, ii. Kl., Bd. xxii. 3. 1906. liji. 669-670, the proper name of the Sonth Brazilian form is the one given above. This has api)arent]y been overlooked by Mr. Ridgway,* in whose great work the synonymy seems to have been copied from the Catalogue of Birds.

93. Furnarius figulus pileatus Scl. & Salv.

[Turdm figulus Lichteustein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mm. p. 40 (1823.— Bahia.)]

Furnarius lulealus Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. Lond. 1878. p. 139 (Santarem, Lower Amazons) ; RLker and Chapman, Aul, 1891. p. 26 (Santarem).

No. 2326. (? ad., Rio Araguaya, July 1906.— Wing 89; tail 62 ; tars. 29 ; bill 20 mm.

No. 2327. d imm., Rio Aragnaya, July 1006.— Wing 87 ; tail 61 ; tars. 27A ; bill 21 mm.

These birds, which answer well to the original description of F. pileatus, agree with a good series of F.Jigulus, from Bahia, in all important points, such as the black feet, the presence of two pale spots on the inner web of the two outer primaries, and the coloration of the lower parts and sides of the head. They differ, however, by the deeper cinnamon-rufons tint of the back, wings and tail, and by having the pileum dusky brown (not chestnut-rufous). The lores and eyebrow, too, are paler, nearly pure white instead of being buff as in F. figulus, and the legs rather stronger and longer.

No. 2326, an adult bird, has the cap uniform dark brown, the forehead alone being slightly tinged with rnfescent (as in some specimens of F. I. assimilis). In the other specimen the feathers of the pileum, though also mainly dusky brown, show obsolete rufescent brown discs. It is a young bird, as is manifested by the dusky edges to the feathers of the cheeks and malar region, etc.

So far as I am aware, the two specimens obtained by Professor Steere and Mr. Riker near Santarem were the only ones as yet known, and the present record extends the range of F.f. pileatus far to the south.

94. Furnarius leucopus assimilis Cab. & Heine.

Furnarius assimilis Cabauis & Heine, Mas. Ileiiican. ii. p. 22 (1859. — " Brasilieu ").

Nos. 2376, 2395. ? ? ad., Rio Araguaya, August 1906.— Wing 83, 86; tail 54 ; bill 20, 22 mm.

They differ from a number of Bahia skins by having the top of the head slightly darker, sooty blackish (instead of coflfee-browu). The birds collected near Cuyab^ by the "late Dr. Natterer (Vienna Museum), however, agree exactly with those from Bahia. In all these specimens (18) there is a conspicuous pale cinnamomeons spot on the inner web of the first primary, and the outer web of the remiges (except the two outer primaries) shows a distinct deep rufous

* Birds North and Middle America, iv. 1907. p. 828, footnote b.

( 58 )

lonjjitndinal stripe which corresponds in length with the pale cinnamomeons spot on the inner weh.

In F. I. leucopus Sws., on the other hand, the first primary is uniform dusky, and the rufous streak ou the outer web begins with the fourth or fifth primar}-.

The geographical distribution of the two races is as follows :

(a) F. I. leucopus Sws. Furnarlus leucopus Swainson, Anim. in Menag. p. 325(1838. — Guiana).

Hab. British Guiana (fide Swainson ; Brown & Quelch coll. in Brit. Mus.) : at the junction of the Pirara and Mahu rivers (Schomburgk). North Brazil : Forte do Uio Brauco ; Rio Amajau, a tributary of the lower Rio Negro (Natterer).

Material: 2 <?(?, 2 ? ?, Forte do Rio Branco (Natterer — Mus. Vienna and Berlepsch), 2 adults British Guiana (Brown & Quelch coll. — Mus. Brit.).

Obs. In the birds from the Rio Branco the rufons stripe on tlie outer welj begins with the fifth, in the Guiana ones with the fourth primary.

(b) F. I. assimil/s Cab. & Heine.

Central Brazil : Bahia (many specimens in Mus. Berlepsch, Tring, Vienna, etc.), Lamarao (Robert — Tring). Goyaz : Rio Araguaya (Baer). Mattogrosso : Cuyabd (Natterer).

N.B. — The specimens from Corumbu, Mattogrosso,* I have not seen ; they may belong to this form or to F. tricolor GiebeLf

95. Lochmias nematura nematura (Lcht.).

Myiulhera nematura Lichtensteia, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mas. p. 43 (1823. — S. Paulo).

No. 1870. (? ad., Goyaz, March 1906.— Wing 70; tail 53; bill 19^ mm.

Differs from Sonth Brazilian skins by having the back rather lighter and more olivaceous (less rufescent), and the ground-colour of the under-parts somewhat duller, less chocolate.

96. Synallaxis frontalis frontalis Pelz.

Syiiallaxis frontalis (Natterer MS.) Pelzeln, Sitzunysbcr. AL-ail. Wiss. Wieu (math.-naturw. CI.), xxxiv. p. 117 (1859. — " Brasilia,'' so. Goyaz and Mattogrosso ; cf. Pelzeln, Oni. Bras. i. 1867. p. 35).

Nos. 2247,2252. c? ? ad., Rio Araguaya, June, July lOOC— Wing 55, 54 ; tail 78; bill 11 mm.

Noa. 1863, 1940, 1950, 2062. cJc? ad., Goyaz, March, April 1900.— Wing 55— 57 ; tail 73—81 ; bill 10—11 mm.

No. 2063. ? ad., Goyaz, April 1906.— Wing 53 ; tail 77 ; bill 11 mm.

No. 1691. (? jr., Faz. Esperanja, December 1906.

No. 1872. ? jnv., Goyaz, March 1900.

There are no constant differences between examples from Bahia, Goyaz, Matto- grosso and Paraguay ; perhaps those from Bahia are generally rather lighter, more fnlvous-brown on the back.

Skins from Entrerios and Tucuman, Argentine, have the greyish brown frontal band rather wider, though some birds from Brazil come very close in that respect.

• F. leucopus Allen, JSuU. Amer. Mus. v. 189.'?. p. 111. f Zeitschr. pes. Natunriss. xxxi. 1868. p. 11 (Bolivia).

(59 ) 97. Synallaxis albescens albescens Temm.

Symllaxh alhescem Temminck. PI. col. livr. 38. tab. 227. fig. 2 (1S23.— South Brazil, coll. Natterer) ; Pelzeln, I.e. p. 36 (Araguay, Goiaz) ; Berlepsch & Leverkiihu, Ornls vi. 18'JO. p. 20 (Monte Alegre, Goyaz).

Nos. 1720, 1741, 1742. Adult, ? ad., ? imm., Faz. Esperanra, January 190(5.

Agreeing with specimens from S. Panlo (Natterer coll.). In South Brazilian skins the ashy frontal band is always much narrower, the cap and shoulder-patch are mnch deeper ferrnginons, and the tail more tinged with rnfescent than in the ndrtheru form, S. albcsce//s albigiilaris Scl.

98. Synallaxis simoni Hcllra.

Synallaxis shncmi Hellmayr, Bull. Brll. Orn. CI. xix. p. .54 (Feb. 1907— Rio Araguaya, Goyaz).

No. 2370. ? fere ad., Rio Araguaya, August 1906. Type of species.

Top of the head and nape raw umber-brown (Ridgw. iii. 14) ; back, rump and upper tail-coverts bright cinnamon-rufous, the lower rump rather paler than the rest ; upper wing-coverts, inner secondaries and outer webs of all the other remiges clear cinnamon-rufous, inner webs dusky. Tail uniform cinnamon-rufous, the shafts below whitish. Lores, narrow superciliary streak, reaching to the posterior border of the ear-coverts, and cheeks cream-butf; auricular region rather darker, buif- brownish. Throat white, more buify in the malar region ; foreneck, sides of the belly and under tail-coverts pale buff; middle of breast and abdomen to a great extent white. Thighs buff. Axillaries and under wing-coverts ochraceous-buff ; inner webs of remiges broadly edged with vinaceous-cinnamon. Edge of wing bright buff. Bill blackish, lower mandible horny whitish, feet dark brown.— Wing 61; tail 73; bill 14 mm.

This species is somewhat intermediate between S. gujanensis (Gm.) and S. alhilora Pelz. It agrees with the latter in having the upper tail-coverts and inner secondaries cinnamon-rufous ; but the whole back is also of this colour (instead of being fulvous-brown mixed with cinnamon in the middle of the mantle); the nnder-jiarts are white, washed with buff on the foreneck and sides (not uniform deep ochraceous), and the axillaries as well as the nnder wing-coverts much paler ochraceous. In the two last points the new form agrees with S. gujanensis, which, however, has the back and upper tail-coverts earthy brown, and the inner secondaries dusky, narrowly edged with rufous.

At the reqtiest of Mons. G. A. Baer the species is named in honour of Mons. Eugene Simon, of Paris, the great authority on spiders and humming-birds.

99. Synallaxis scutata scutata Scl.

Synallaxis scutata Sclater, P.Z.S. Loiul. 1850. p. 191 ("Brazil," so. Bahia ; cf. Cat. Binh Brit. Mus. XV. p. 49) ; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. v. 1893. p. 112 (Chapada, Mattogrosso).

No. 2170. ? ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 56J ; tail 66; bill 14 mm.

No. 2309. 6 ad., Rio Araguaya, July 1906.— Wing 56i ; tail 6.j ; bill 14 mm.

No. 1675. ? ad., Faz. Esperan(ja, December 1905.— Wing 55J ; tail 67 ; bill 13i mm.

While almost identical on the nnder-parts, these specimens present a certain amount of individual variation as to the colour of the back. In No. 1675 back, rump and upper tail-coverts are uniform bright cinuamou-rufons (Ridgw. iv. 16)

( 60 )

there being scarcely a few brownish feathers on the lower rnmj) ; in the two others the gronnd-colonr is a rather lighter cinnamon-rnfous, and largely mixed with pale brown, especially on the anterior portion of the mantle. The same variation is exhibited by three specimens from C'hapada, Mattogrosso, in the British Musenm. The type of S. scutata, which I also examined, agrees in the colour of the back with No. 2170, while another skin from Bahia (Mns. H. v. Berlejisch) has the back and rnmp cinnamon-rnfons like No. 1675.

The lores are always white in this species, wliile the colour of the eyebrow varies from white to buff-yellow. Chin and upper throat silky white ; on the lower throat a large black patch ; ear-coverts dull brown ; cheeks, malar region, sides of the neck and belly, as well as the foreneck, bright ochraceons-bnff, middle of the breast and abdomen white.

In southern Mattogrosso and in the Argentine Republic S. s. scutata is replaced by S. s. whitii Scl., which differs by having the back dull olive-brown without any trace of cinnamon-rnfons, the tail darker rnfous, and the upper wing-coverts and remiges much darker, aliout "hazel" (Ridgw. iv. 12) instead of clear cinnamon-rnfons. The upper tail-coverts are, however, cinnamon-rnfous, as in «S. s. scutata.

An adult male collected by Borelli near Urucum, and kindly sent for comparison by Count Salvadori, agrees exactly with four specimens from Jnjny, in the Tring Museum. The distribution of the two forms is accordingly as follows :

(a) S. scutata scutata Scl. Brazil : Bahia (type) ; Goyaz : Rio Thesonras, R. Araguaya and Faz. Esperan(;a (Baer) ; North S. Panlo : S. Jeronymo on the Rio Tiete (Garbe) ; Mattogrosso : Chapada (Smith).

(6) S. scutata whitii Scl.* S.W. Mattogrosso, Brazil : Urucum (Borelli) ; Argentine : Oran, Salta (White) ; Jujuy : S. Lorenzo (Borelli), Ledesma (Dinelli).

100. Synallaxis torquata Wied.

Synallaxis torquaUi Wied, Beilr. Natiirg. Brasil. 3. ii. p. 697 (1831. — " Campo Geral dea inneren Brasilien ").

Nos. 1701, 1638. c? ad., ? ad., Faz. Espcranfa, January and December 1906. —Wing 51|, 54 ; tail 66, 64 ; bill 11|, 10 mm.

The specimens agree perfectly with others from Bahia and Lagoa Santa, in the British Mnseum, and with the series collected by Natterer in 8. Paulo (Ytarart, Irisanga, etc.), lent by the authorities of the Vienna Museum. In all these skins the pileum and nape are warm rnfescent brown (between Ridgway's mummy-brown and mars brown) like the back, and the edge of the wing, as well as the bastard quills, uniform cinnamon-brown. In some examples the first bastard quill is edged with whitish, and there are a few black feathers with white edges on the edge of the wing.

The males always possess a well-develojjed, concealed, white interscapular patch, and a complete collar of cinnamon-rnfous across the hindneck. In the females the white dorsal spot is altogether absent, and the nuchal collar interrupted in the middle.

Prince Wied's description generally applies well to the above series, except

• Synallaxu whitii Sclater, Ibis, 1881. p. GOO. tab. xvii. fig. 2 (Orao, Salta, Argentine).

( 61 )

for the words : " Oberkopt und Nacken gratibraun." Unfortunately the types seem to have been lost. (Cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. ii. 1889. p. 244.)

The diagnosis of S. bitorqiiata Lafr. & D'Orb.,* however, tallies exactly with Baer's specimens : cf. " capite snpra brunneo."

101. Siptornis vulpina vulpina (Pelz.).

SynaU'ixis vulpina Pelzeln, Sitzungsher. Ahid. Wiss. Wien {maih. naturw. CI.), xx. p. 102 (1856.— " Bra-silia," sc. Rio Claro and Guardamor : Goyaz ; Villa Maria, Engenho do Cap. Gama, Villa Bella : Mattogrosso ; Rio Madeira ; cf. Pelzein, Zur Orn. Bras. i. 1867. p. 37).

No. 2368. (? imm., Rio Araguaya, August 1906.— Wing 66; tail 63; bill 11 J mm.

This specimen is entirely typical, having the top of the head and upper back as well as the upper tail-coverts uniform ferruginous in strong contrast to the clear olive-brown rump.

Cf. Mdn6ganx & Hellmayr, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, xix. 19U6. pp. 75-6.

102. Automolus leucophthalmus (Wied).

At/abates leucophthalmus Wied, Reise Bmsil. ii. p. 141 (18:il.— Rio Illieo3, a tributary of the Rio Pardo, Southern Bahia).

No. 1891. cJ ad., Goyaz, March 1906.— Wing 89 ; taU 90 ; bill 20i mm. No. 1645. ? imm., Faz. Esperan^a, December 1906.— Wing 82 ; tail 86 ; bill 20 mm.

Identical with S. Paulo specimens. New to Goyaz.

103. Philydor rufus (VieilL).

Deiidrocopus rufus Vieillot, Nnuv. Diet. xxvi. p. 119 (1818.—" Br&il").

No. 1711. c? ad., Faz. Esperan(;a, January 1906.— Wing 90; tail 86; bill 17^ mm.

No. 1665. ? ad., Faz. Esperan^a, December 1905.— Wing 89; tail 91 ; bill 18 mm. I

Neither in colour nor in size could I detect any constant differences between specimens from Rio, S. Paulo and Parand, and those from Goyaz and Mattogrosso (Chapada). It is true, two S. Paulo skins are rather darker brown on the back, but an adult female from Ro(,-a Nova, Serra do Mar (Parana) agrees in this respect with the Rio, Goyaz and Chapada birds.

Two adult cJ(J, S. Sebastiao, S. Paulo One adult i, Tiet<^, northern S. Paulo One adult (?, Ypanema, S. Paulo Two adults, Rio-skins One female, Ro9a Nova, Parana. One adult d, Chapada, Mattogrosso . One adult ? , Chapada, Mattogrosso .

The type of Philydor ruficollis Spix,j- said to be from the interior of Bahia, has much longer wings (98 mm.), but does not differ in coloration. If it represents a distinct form, the birds from Goyaz and Mattogrosso are not referable to it.

♦ Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. 1837. cl. ii. p. 24 (Chiquitos, East Bolivia), t ^i'. Bras. i. 1824. p. 74. tab. Ixxv.

Wing.	Tail.	Bill.
91, 89	97,94	19, 19| mm.
87i	90	18J mm.
90	91	— mm.
88,85	93, 96	18, 18imm.
83	92	18^ mm.
93	98	19 mm.
88	92	19 mm.

(62)

Xenops riililus Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mux. p. 17 (1823. — Bahia), Zennjix affinis Swainson, Aiiim. ilenag, p. 352 (1838. — Brazil).

Iu4. Xenops rutilus rutilus Lcht.

Verz. Dubl. Berliner .Vu.i. p. 17 (1823.— Ba m. ilmag. p. 352 (1838.— Brazil).

No. 1670. S ad., Faz. Esi)eran9a, December 19u5. — Wing 64; tail 51; bill i;}^ mm.

No. 1T16. ¥ ad. Faz. EsperaiKja, January 1906. — Wing 65J ; tail 50 ; bill Vi mm.

No. 2390. f? ad. Rio Araguaya, August 1906.— Wing 64 ; tail 50 ; bill VZ mm.

No. 2022. ? ad., Goyaz, April 1 906.— Wing 65 ; tail 50 ; bill 12^ mm.

The series agrees in coloration and size with specimens from S. Paulo, Mattogrosso and Jnjuy, Argentina, while Bahia skins are slightly smaller, especially the tail being shorter.

A'. i: rutilus is characterised by having the inner web of the fourth rectrix only black, all the rest of the tail being cinnamon-rnfons. Sometimes the base of the inner web of the third rectrix is also more or less blackish.

In A'. /•. heterurus Cab. & Heine, of which a very large series has been examined, the inner webs of both the third and fourth rectrices are black, and the subexterual as well as the fifth tail-feather have likewise more or less black at the base. Besides, the back is duller, more brownish (less cinnamomeons), and the ground-colour of the nnder-parts greyish brown, barely sliaded with olivaceous.

A third form of this group is A', tenuirostn's Pelz.,* of which the type and only known specimen has been kindly lent me by Dr. von Lorenz. In this bird the third and fourth rectrix are wholly black, the fifth has the inner web black, and there is also a black stripe along the inner web of the penultimate rectrix. In size it agrees with A'. /■. rutilus, but the bill is much weaker and slenderer. A', r. heterurus is much larger, with a decidedly stronger and more powerful bill.

The range of the three races is as follows :

(re) A. rutilus rutilus Lcht.

South Brazil : Bahia (Wncherer, many trade-skins in Bins. H. v. Berlepsch, Tring, etc.) ; Rio Itabapuana, Rio de Janeiro (Wied) ; Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes (Lund) ; S. Paulo : Batataes (Lund), Ypanema (Natterer), Victoria (Hempel) ; Paranil : Curytiba (Natterer) ; Goyaz : Faz. Esperan^a, Rio Araguaya, Goyaz (Baer) ; Mattogrosso : Chapada (Smith), Villa Maria, Eugenho do Cap. Gama (Natterer) ; Eastern Bolivia : Guarayos (D'Orbigny) ; N.^V. Argentina : Jujuy (Dinelli— Mus. Tring).

(b) A', rutilus heterurus Cab. & Heine.

Xciiijps heterurus Cabanis & Heiae, Mus. Heineaii. ii. p. 33 (1859. — Colombia).

Colombia : Bogotd coll., Sauta Elena, Antioquia, Bucaramauga ; Eastern Ecuador : Baeza (Goodfellow coll. in Mus. Tring) ; Northern Peru : Guayabamba, Chirimoto, etc. ; Central Peru : Vitoc, Garita del Sol ; Northern Venezuela, Quebrada Secca and Campos Alegre, State of Cumana — Mus. Tring ; Trinidad :

* Sittu7i)/»ber. Akad. Wiss, M'ien (math, naturw. L'l.), xxxiv. 1859. p. 112 (Sallo do Girao, liio Madeira).

( 63 )

Laventille (cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. 1900. p. 29, s.n. A', r. rutilm (errore) ; Cayenne (Cherrie— Mns. Tring).

N.B. — The Venezuela and Trinidad birds agree jierfectly with the Colombian ones. I have never seen any specimen from Central America. In the district of Guayaquil, S.W. Ecnador, another closely allied race is found, but I have not sufficient material to properly define it.

(c) A. rutilus te/itiirostris Pelz. Only known from Salto Girao, Upper Rio Madeira.

105. Sittasomus sylviellus sylviellus (Temm.).

Dendrocvlaptcs sylviellus Temminck, PL rul. livr. 12. tab. 72. fig. 1 (1821. — " Brp.sil "). Dendrucolaptcs Erithaeus Lichtenstein, Abliawll. Akail. Berlina. d. Jahren 1820-21. pp. 2.50, 26(5.

tab. i. fig. 2 (1822. — " in provinoia San Paulo "). SlUasoiniis sylviellus Men^gaux & Hellmayr, Mem. Sac. Hist. Nat. Autun. .\i.\. 1906. p. 'J5

(Goyaz).

No. 1893. ? ad., Goyaz, March 1906.— Wing 71 ; tail 74; bill 12 mm.

No. 1815. ((?)ad., Faz. Esperan^a, February 19U6.— Wing 79; tail S2 ; bill \'Zh mm.

No. 1881. c? jr., Goyaz, March 1906.— Wing 76i ; tail 70 ; bill 12i mm.

The adult birds sent by Mons. Baer, as well as two adult males from Goyaz ill the Paris Museum, collected by Castelnau and Deville, agree perfectly with specimens from Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo and Parana. The under-parts are deep ochre-yellow, the pilenm is olivaceous, more or less tinged with brownish, and the u])per back tawny olive.

S. syhiclUis olimceus AVied,* of which Count Berlepsch kindly lent me a specimen from Bahia, differs from 6'. s. sijlciellus by having the pileum and mantle decidedly olive-green, and the nnder-surface duller as well as more olivaceous. It is an easily recognisable form.

lOoA. Sittasomus sylviellus chapadensis Ridgw.

SiUasoiuiis chapadensis Ridgway, Proc. U.S. JJiis. .\iv. 1891, p. 509 (1892. — Chapada, Mattogrosso).

No. 2169. ? imm., Rio Thesouras, May 1900.— Wing 68 ; tail 7(i ; bill 12 mm.

This example is quite distinct from those obtained by Mons. Baer in the vicinity of Goyaz city, and seems to belong to the pale form inhabiting Mattogrosso, Eastern Bolivia and Northern Argentina. It differs, however, slightly from topotypical examples of S. chapadeit.-iis in its rather more brownish (less greyish) head and upper back, and smaller bill. The colour of the lower surface, on the other hand, is exactly the same pale greyish buff. Until additional examples prove it to represent a recognisable race, it may well be referred to chapadensis.

Besides <S'. sylmellm amazonas Lafr., of Amazonia, there are thus three forms of 6'. si/lciellus to be found in Brazil.

(a) S. s. sijhiellus (Temm.).

S.E. Brazil. Southern Goyaz : lUty of Goyaz (Baer, Castelnau & Deville), Faz. Esperan(;ii, (Baer). Minas Geraes : Sette Lagoas (Burmeister), S. Francisco

* Sittoionms oUvaceus Wied, Beitr. Xaturg. Brasil, 'i. ii. p. IIIG (1S31.— "iu den inneren grossen Urwaldern ").

( 64 )

(Robert — Tring). Rio de Janeiro : Rio and Sapitiba (Natterer), Cantagallo (Enler), Petropolis (Yonng). S. Paulo : Ypanema (Natterer), Victoria (Hempel), Piquete (Robert), Ignap(5, Ypiranga (Krone). Parand : Ro<;a Nova, Serra do Mar (Robert — Tring). Santa Catharina : Blnmenan (Schltiter). Rio Grande do Sul : Taqnara (Ihering). Argentina, Misiones : S. Javier (White), Posados (Venturi — Tring). Central Paragna)- : Tebicuari * (Borelli).

N.B. — White's specimen from Misiones, and another from the same province (in the Tring Mnsenm), are absolntel}- identical with the Brazilian ones.

(J)) S. sijhieUus olivaceus Wied. Eastern Brazil : only known from Bahia.

((■) S. sylciellus chapadensis Ridgw.

AVestern Br;izil. Goyaz : Rio Thesouras, 150 kilometres north of the city of Goyaz (Baer). Mattogrosso : Chapada (Smith), Engenho do Pari,f Engenho do Gama (Natterer), Urucum (Borelli). Eastern Bolivia : Chiqnitos ( D'Orbigny). Northern Argentina : S. Francisco, S. Lorenzo, Jnjuy % ; Tala, Salta % (Borelli) ; Tucnmiin (Dinelli — series in Tring). Northern Paraguay : Colonia Risso X (Borelli).

106. Dendrornis guttata § dorbignyana (Lafr.).

Ndsica dorhiijiiyamts Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. ZuoL 1850. p. 420 (Guarayos and Chiquitos, Bolivia —

coll. D'Orbigny). Demiromlaptes giiUattix (nee Licht.) Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, Syn. At: ii. in Mag. Zool. 1838. cl. ii.

p. 10 (Guarayos, Bolivia). Dendrornis guttata (nee Lieht.) Sclater & Salvin, P.Z.S. Land. 1879. p. 622 (Guanai, Bolivia) ;

Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xv. p. 128 (part. : spec, g., Guanai). Dendrornis d'orhigmjanus Elliot, Auk, 1890. p. 182 (erit.) ; Allen, Bull. Anter. Mus. v. 1893. p. 113

(Chapada, Mattogrosso). Dendroi-nis rostripallens (nee Des Murs) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Brasil. i. 1867. p. 45 (part. : Villa

Maria, Engeulio do Gama, Das Pedras, Sangrador, Alecrim : Mattogrosso). Dendrornis guttata dorhignyaiui Mi^negaux & Hellmayr, Mem. Sue. d'Hist. Nat. Autun xix. 1906.

p. 98 (crit.).

No. 2439. ¥ ad., Rio Araguaya, August 1906.— Wing 113.',; tail 1U4 ; bill 36 mm.

This bird agrees with the specimens from Mattogrosso in the Vienna Museum obtained by Natterer. The bill is horny whitish, and the pale shaft-stripes on the under-parts are never margined with blackish laterally — ^just as in Bolivian examples. The birds from Mattogrosso and Goyaz differ, however, by their larger size, less dusky pileum, and by having the under-parts slightly more rnfescent. Additional material may show the Brazilian birds to be separable as a distinct form ; but in view of the great variability in other members of this genus, I feel not justified in bestowing a name on them with the relatively scanty material before me.

* Salvadori, JJoU. Mu». Torino, xv. No. 378. 1900. p. 17.

t "I'ari," mentioned by Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 42, among the localities of S. erithanis, is the same as Eugeulio do Pari. The specimen which I have examined in the Vienna Museum is clmpadnisis.

X Salvadori, I.e. p. H.

§ Vendroculajitis guttatui Lichtenstein, Alihaiull. Aktid. Jierlin a. d. Jahren 1818-iy. p. 201 (1820.— "in Brasiliae provincia Bahia," cf. I.e. 1820-21. p. 2U4;.

( 65 ) Measnrements of specimens from the various localities :

Wing. Tail. Bill.

Adult (not sexed), Gaayaros,'

Bolivia Adult (not sexed), (Jhiqiiitos,

Bolivia

r

T)'pes of JV. (V orbignyana.

112 102 38 mm.

108 92 35

3 (?<^,S.Mateo,North Bolivia— Mns.Bevlepsch 115—117 103—105 37J „

3 ? ? „ „ „ „ „ „ 107—108 97—100 37 „

7 c?c? Mattogrosso,Natterercoll.Mus. Vieuua. 120—124 100—115 38— 43 mm.

3?? „ „ „ „ „ 110—114 96—102 38—40 „

107. Dendroplex pious (Gm.).

Oriohii Pirns Oraelin, %s/. Nai. 1. ii. p. 384 (1788.— ex Daubenton, F/. en?. 605: "Talapiof—

Cayenne). Deiiilriiplex pKus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 40 (Aragiiay).

Nos. 2314, 2408. ? ad., ? imm., Rio Araguaya, July, August 1906.— Wing 95, 98 ; tail 81, 80 ; bill 27i, 28 mm.

No. 2166. S ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 106 ; tail 91 ; bill 27^ mm.

The bird from the Rio Thesouras is earthy brown underneath like specimens from Cayenne, Bahia, etc., while the two others from the Araguay are rather more rnfescent, tliereby approaching Upper Amazonian specimens. Of. M6n^gaux & Hellmayr, Mini. Soc. Hist. Nat. Aiitun xix. 1906, pp. 108—110.

108. Xiphocolaptes albicoUis (Vieill.).

DendriKojms aWicullis Vieillot, Nauv. Diet. xxvi. p. 117 (1818. — " Bresil").

No. 1653. Adult, Faz. Esperan9a, December 1905.— Wing 135 ; tail 121 ; bill 46| mm.

Similar to an adult male from S. Paulo (Ypanema), but with shorter and slenderer bill, and somewhat paler under-parts. New to Goyaz.

109. Picolaptes angustirostris bivittatus (Lcht.).

[DeiidrO(:nj)m angustirostris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 110 (1818. — ex Azara No. 242 : Paraguay).] Deiidrocolaptea bivittatus Lichtenstein, Atjhctndl. Akad. Berlin a. d. J. 18i0-21. pp. 258, 206, tab. ii. fig. 2 (1822. — "in provincia S. Paulo").

Nos. 1892, 1914, 1931, 1937, 2042. c?c?, Goyaz, March, April 1906.— Wing 98—101 ; tail 80—87 ; bill 30—33 mm.

Nos. 1896, 1932, 1999, 2019, 2043, 2059. ? ?, Goyaz, March, April 1906.— Wing 96—100 ; tail 81—88 ; bill 30—33 mm.

No. 2248. S ad., Rio Araguaya, June 1906.— Wing 97 ; tail 82 ; bill 32i mm.

No. 2124. ? ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 93 ; tail 78 ; bill Sl'mm.

Nos. 1642, 1661, 1775. <S <S i , Faz. Esperan^a, December 1905, January 1906.

P. a. bivittatus (Lcht.) is a very close ally of P. a. angustirostris (Vieill.), and diflPers only by having the breast and abdomen uniform creamy white. In the typical race from Paraguay the feathers of the belly are more or less distinctly edged with brown or ashy.

5

( 66 ) 110. Dendrocincla turdina enalincia Olierli.

[Dendrocolajiles tunVmus Lichtenstein, AbhaiiM. Akad. Berlin a,, d. Jahren 1818-19 (publ. 1820)

p. 204. tab. 2. fig. 1— Bahia ; cf. I.e. a. d. J. 1820-21 (1822) p. 264.] Dendrneini-la enalincia Oberholaer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904. p. 454 (Bauru, Rio Feio,

S. Paulo).

No. 1764. S ad., Faz. EsjieraiKja, January 1906.— Wing 100; tail 90; bill 24i mm.

This specimen agrees pevfectl}' with several others from the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, and differs slightly from a series of skins collected in the state of S. Paulo.

Topoty]iicul examples of D. t. turdina from Bahia liave the back bright ochraceons brown, especially the ramp ; and all the nnderface is strongly suffused with ochraceons. The throat is but a little paler than chest and abdomen, and there are only a few indistinct bnff shaft-lines on the foreneck. The S. Paulo birds differ at a glance in being much duller, olive-brown above and below, with scarcely any ochreons tinge on the abdomen ; the throat is conspicuously j)aler than the rest of the nnder-parts, ochraceons buff, and the feathers of the foreneck show distinct light shaft-lines of bright bnff.

The male from Goyaz, as well as a jiair from Rio, are of a purer brown on both the upper and under parts, lacking the olive hue to be seen in skins from S. Paulo. The throat is scarcely paler than the chest, and there are but a very few buff stripes on the foreneck. Another specimen from Rio, however, is almost identical with those from S. Paulo. Until better series are available for comparison, the birds from Rio and Southern Goyaz may be referred to D. t. enalincia.

111. ThamnopMlus major major Vieill.

Tliamnophilus mo/or Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 313 (1816. — ex Azara No. 211 : Paraguay) ; Pelzel Zur Orn. Bras. i. 1867. p. 75 (Abrantes, Goyaj).

Nos. 1858, 1919. (?c? ad., Goyaz, March 1900. No. 1754. 3 imm., Faz. Esperan9a, January 1906.

Nos. 2186, 2241, 2357, 2359. S cJ ad., Rio Araguaya, June, August 1906. Nos. 1734, 1779, 1802. ? ?, Faz. Esperau<;a, January, February 190G. Nos. 1848, 1850, 1007, 2009, 2061. ? ? , Goyaz, March April 1906. Nos. 2210, 2297, 2279, 2371, 2373, 2426. ? ?, Rio Araguaya, June, July, August 1906.

Agreeing with Paraguay specimens.

112. Thamnophilus ambiguus sticturus Pelz.

[Thamnophiliis nacvius var. a? T. ambiguus (sic) Swaiusou, Zuol. Journ. ii. p. 91 (1826. — Minas

Geraes : Such coll.).] Thamnnphilus stirliirus Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. ii. p. 144 (1868. — Engenho do Gama, Matto-

grosso ; Goyaz) ; Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Torino xv. No. 378. 1900. p. 9 (Uruciim, Corumbi :

Mattogrosso). Th. ambiijuus (nee Swainson) Allen, Bull. Aiiier. Mus. v. 189.'?. p. 115 (Chapada, Mattogrosso) ;

Ihering, Rerist. Mus. Paul. v. 1902, p. 274 (Einciio, Jaboticabal : Northern S. Paulo).

Nos. 1900, 1980. c? ad., J imm,, Goyaz, March and April.— Wing 66, 67; tail 55, 57 ; bill 15 mm.

No. 1681. 6 ad., Faz. E8peran9a, 700 m.— Wing 67 ; tail 57 ; bill 16 mm.

Nos. 2201, 2210, 2427. cJ cJ ad., Rio Araguaya, June and August 1906.— Wing 04, 06, 71 ; (ail 55, 57, 60; bill 16— 16^ mm.

( 67 )

Nos. 1981, 1997, 2054. ? ? , Goyaz, April 1906.— Wing 65— 66J ; tail 55— 5f! ; hill 16 mm.

No. 1647. ? ad., Faz. Esperaiii;a, December 1905. — Wing 65 ; tail 57 ; liill 16 mm.

Nos. 2294, 2295. ? ?, Rio Araguaya, July 1906.— Wing 68|, 69; tail 59, 00; bill loj, 16 mm.

No. 2209. c? jnv., Rio Araguaya, June.— Wing 67 ; tail 57i ; bill 16i mm.

Besides this series I liave examined in the present connection : 3 cJc?, 3 ? ? from Chapada, received in e.-ccbange from the American Mnsenm, New York ; 1 c? ad., Jaboticabal, 1 ? ad., Itapnra, S. Panio, obtained from Prof, von Ihering ; 1 cJ ad., 1 c? imm., 1 ? ad., Engenho do Cap. Gama, types of T. sticturus Pelz., 1 t? ad., Corumba, 2 ? ? , Urncum, 1 S ad., Goyaz, all belonging to the Vienna Mnseum ; and 1 c? imm. from Goyaz, Castelnan & Deville coll., kindly lent by Dr. Mdn^ganx, of the Paris Museum.

Of the typical T. a. ambigum, I had before me twenty specimens of both sexes from Bahia and the environs of Ilio de Janeiro, in the Tring and Vienna Mnseums.

On carefully comparing this material, I find two forms easily separaVile. The males from Goyaz, Blattogrosso, and Northern S. Paulo differ from those of trne T. ambigiius by their lighter grey back, much paler lower parts with a large amount of white in the middle of the abdomen, smaller bill, and by the white marginal spot on the inner web of the outermost rectrix being absent or but faintly indicated. In many cases the white sjiot on the inner web of the other rectrices is likewise wanting ; this character, however, is subject to much individual variation (see below). The females can also be easily recognised by their much brighter ochraceous-buif foreneck, chest, and sides, and by the distinct white area in the middle of the abdomen. In T. a. ambigiius ? all the lower surface (except the whitish throat) is uniform dull buii-brown or fulvescent brown, hardly shading into pale buff along the middle line of the belly.

Variation in the markings of the rectrices in the males :

in the type of T. sticturus (c? ex Engenho do Gama) and in the S from Cornmbii the outer web of the rectrices only shows a white marginal spot. Two <Jc? from Chapada and that from Jaboticabal have on both webs a white stripe or spot, just as in T. a. ambiguus, but the markings on the inner web of the two outer tail-feathers are decidedly narrower. In another <S from Cha])ada and in two from Goyaz the two outer rectrices have the white stripe on the outer web only, while the remaining fonr are spotted on both webs. Six other c?(? from Goyaz have all rectrices spotted on both sides.

The following summary of the geographical distribution of the two forms may be not unwelcome to ornithologists interested in the neotropical avifauna :

a. T. a. ambiguus (Sws.).

Forest region of South-eastern Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Bahia.

State of Rio de Janeiro : Rio de Janeiro, Sapitiba, Registre do Sai (Natterer), Corcovado (Zelebor), Cantagallo (Enler). Minas Geraes (Such). Bahia : (!atinga woods of the interior of Bahia (Swainson).

b. T. a. sticturus Pelz. Interior of Brazil from Goyaz to Western Mattogrosso and south to the northern districts of S. Paulo.

( G8 )

Mattogrosso : Engenho do Gama on the Rio Guaiiore (Natterer), Urncuin, Conimbii on the Rio Paragnay (Borelli), C'hapaJa, south of f'nyaba (Smith). S. Paulo : S. Jeronymo, Tiete (Garbe — c? ad. in Mns. H. v. Berlepsch), Rincao (Lima coll. — cJ ? in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch), Jaboticabal (Lima coll. — <? ad. in Tring), Itapura, at the junction of the Rio Tiet6 and R. Parana (Garbe coll. — ? in Tring). Goyaz : city of Goyaz (Natterer, Bacr, Castcluau & Deville), Rio Araguaj'a, Faz. Esperan^a (Baer).

113. Thamnopliilus doliatus diflScilis Hellni.

[Lmiius doliatus Linnaeus, Mus. Ad. Frid. ii. Prodr. p. 12 (1764. — loc. ign.)]

Thumiinphilus niffriirisiatus difficilis Hellmayr, Verhamll. Zuul. But. Gescllsch. Wieii, 1903. p. 210 (Rio Claro, Goyaz).

Nos. 2192, 2222, 2233, 2237, 2324, 2325, 2356, 2367, 2380. <SS ad., Rio Aragnaya, June, July, and August, 1906. — Wing 74 — 80; lail 64 — 70; bill 19—20 mm.

No. 2358. c? jnv., Rio Araguaya, Angnst 1906.

Nos. 2181, 2238, 2244, 2303, 2355, 2360, ? ? ad. and imm., Rio Araguaya, Jnne to August 1906.— Wing 73|— 78 ; tail 61—06; bill 18— 19 mm.

This large series confirms the distinctness of T. d. difficilis, although the colour-characters of the female as set forth in my description do not hold good. The males differ from those of T. d. subradiatus Berl. by having the forehead more densely striped with white, the ground colour of the uuder-parts purer white, and the bill distinctly weaker and slenderer (not stouter as stated in the original diagnosis lapsii calami).

The crest feathers are as a rule uniform black ; but in one specimen (No. 2192) they are white at the extreme base. Both webs of all rectrices are banded with white.

The females from Goyaz differ from those of T. d. subradiatus merely by their slenderer l)ill.

114. Thamnophilus torquatus Sws.

Tluiimiopliiliiis torqualus Swainson, Zuul. Juuni. ii. p. 89 (182u. — Urupe, Bahia).

No. 2139. c? ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing moulting ; tail 64; bill 15J mm.

Agrees with several skins from Rahia.

115. Myrmelastes luctuosus araguayae n. subsp.

ILaniiis luctuoms Lichtenstein, Verz. Dull. Berliner Mus. p. 47 (1823. — PariS).]

Nos. 2366, 2381, 2398, 2390, 2406. 66 ad., Rio Araguaya, August 1906.— Wing 79—82 ; tail 70—73 ; bill 20—22 mm.

Nos. 2230, 2372, 2377, 2379, 2397. ? ? ad., Rio Araguaya, June and August 1906.— Wing 77—81 ; tail 68—73; bill 19—21 mm.

No. 2405. ((?) juv., Rio Araguaya, August 1906.— AVing 78 ; tail 70i ; bill 21 mm.

Differs from -1/. I. luctuosus, oHhe Lower Amazons and Rio Madeira, in having ranch shorter white tips to the tail-feathers, and broader white edges to the outer webs of the scapular leathers. The former, too, are restricted to tiie three outer

( 69 )

pairs of rectrices, though sometimes the fourth rectrix also shows a very narrow white margin. The white tip on the outermost i)air varies in Jengtli from 4 to 0, on the second from 3 to 4 mm., while the third has a white ajiical margin, about H to 2 mm. wide.

In the typical race, of which seven specimens from Pari, Santarem and the Rio Madeira are available for comparison, the tip on the outermost rectrix measures from 8 to 10, on the second from 0 to 8, on the third from 4 to 6, on the fourth from 4 to 5, on the fifth from 2A to 4 mm.

There are no other differences between the two forms, as far as I can see.

Like M. I. luctuosus, the males of the present series have the elongated crest deep black like the back, the females bright chestnut-rnfous.

Ti/pc of subspecies in the Tring Museum : S ad., August lOUii, No. 2399.

This is another purely Amazonian type, which we should have scarcely expected to meet with so far in the interior of Goyaz.

116. Dysithamnus aflSnis affinis Pelz.

Dysithammis affiiiiis Pelzeln, Ziii- Oriiilh. Bmsil. ii. p. 149 (1868.— Villa Maria, Mattogrosso). D. mentalis (nee Temminck) Allen, Bull. Antei: Mus. v. 1893. p. 118 (Chapada, Mattogi-osso). D. olivaceus (nee Tschudi) Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xv. 1890. p. 2-_'2 (Chapada, Mattogro.sso). Cf. Berl. & Hellm., Journ. f. Ornith. 1905. pp. 14-16.

Nos. 1637, . ? ? ad,, Faz. Esperau9a, December 1905.— Wing 62, 59;

tail 43, 40 ; bill Ui, 15 mm.

They agree perfectly with three others from Chapada, Mattogrosso, while the typical female from Villa Maria, a locality farther to the west than Chapada, is more reddish on the wings, a character most certainly due to immaturity.

The female of X*. a. affinis differs from that of V. mentalis (Temm.) in the following details : The back is dull brownish olive (instead of greyish green or olive-green), the foreneck, chest, sides and under tail-coverts are pale brownish olive-yellow, the throat white speckled with ochreous, the middle of the breast white ; while in D. mentalis the throat is pure white and the rest of the nnder-parts uniform bright naples or maize yellow. The lores are rufescent (not white mixed with cinereous), cheeks, eye region, superciliaries, and ear-coverts rufescent brown, the latter narrowly streaked with white. In D. mentalis, on the other hand, the sides of the head are dark cinereous variegated with whitish, the ear-coverts blackish grey with white shaft-lines.

Goyaz is a new locality for T>. a. w^^/h's, hitherto only known from Mattogrosso.

117. Herpsiloclimus pileatus atricapillus Pelz.

Herpsilnchmus atricapillus Pelzeln, Zur Oniith. Brasil. ii. p. 150 (1868. — Porto do Rio ParanA,

northern S. Paulo ; Goyaz). Tamnophilus pilmtus (nee Myiotliera piUata Lcht.) Lafresnayo & D'Urbigny, Sijn. -liv i. in .'/n.7.

Znol. 1837. cl. ii. p. 12 (Chiquitos, Bolivia). Tamnophilus affinis (nee T. affinis Spix 1825 !) idem, I.e. p. 12. deacr. orig. ? (Chiquito.'i, Bolivia). Tharnndphilus pileatus (,= S) + T. affinis (= ?) D'Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux, p. 175 (Oet. 1838. —

San Jos^ and S. Ana, Chiquitos, Bolivia).

No. 2178. (<?) ad., Rio Thesouras, May 1906.— Wing 54; tail incompl. ; bill 15 mm.

Nos. 1740, 2350. SS juv. (plumage of the ?), Faz. E8peran9a, January; Rio Araguaya, July. — Wing 54, 63; tail 60, 55i ; bill 15 mm.

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Nos. 1990, 2052. ? ? ad., Goyaz, April HmiO.— Wing 55, 53 ; tail 58, 65i ; bill 15 mm.

No. — . (?) ad., Faz. Esperanpa.— AVing 50; tail 56; liill 14i mm.

This series agrees perfectly with Pelzeln's tT])cs kindly lent by Dr. von Lorenz.

No. 2178 is an adnlt male with the pilciim uniform glossy blaek and the under-parts pure white. The young males have the general coloration of the females — viz. the forehead spotted with dull ochreous, the crown and occiput with white longitudinal spots, the eyebrow bufFy, the grey of the back washed with olive, etc. Tiiey diiier, however, in having the foreueck, breast, and abdomen mnch brighter, " buff yellow " (rather paler and duller than Ridgway's tab. vi. fig. 19), while in the females these parts are abont buff.

Through the kindness of my friend Blons. Menegaux, of the Paris Museum, 1 was enabled to examine the bird mentioned by D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye, s.n. T. pileatus, and found it to be identical with the males of H. atricapillus obtained by Natterer and Mons. Baer. Although the type of T. affinis does not any longer exist in the Paris Museum, I think there can be no doubt that it is also referable to the present species, as the description agrees exactly with the females before me. Moreover, it was obtained in the same district, Chiquitos, in the plains of Eastern Bolivia, where D'Orbigny also procured a typical male of H. atneapillitsl Fortnnately we need not trouble about the name T. affinis, for it is jireoccupied by Spix, in 1825.

H. atricapillus ditfevs from //. pileatus by its much longer and stronger bill, and by averaging larger in all dimensions. The <? tJ, furthermore, are distinguished by the nnder-parts being almost pure white, while in //. pileatus the sides are strongly washed with cinereous ; by having very little white at the base of the interscapular feathers (instead of a large concealed white patch), and by the white apical spot on the inner web of the penultimate rectrix ending basally in a straight line. The female may also be recognised by its larger size, much stronger liill, darker ochreous spots on the forehead, and brighter bnif under-parts.

Another very nearly allied form is //. motacilloides Tacz., of which I examined two adult males from Central Peru belonging to the Berlepsch and Vienna Museums. It agrees with //. atricapillus in size, bnt has no white at all on the base of the interscapular feathers, longer white tips to the three outer tail- feathers, and a distinct black spot in front of the eye, while in //. atricapillus the lores are entirely white. Besides, breast and abdomen are tinged with pale yellowish instead of being pure white I am not acquainted with the female of this race.

These three forms represent each other geographically, and are, therefore, more properly designated by trinomials. Their distribution is as follows :

(a.) //. p. pileatus (Lcht.). ilijioihcra pilcaia Lichtenstein, Verz. Dull. Berliner Miis. p. 44 (1823. — Bahia).

Hab. Eastern Brazil from Bahia to Minas Geraes and Rio de Janeiro. Bahia (trade-skins in Vienna and Brit. ;Mus.) : Lamarfio (Robert coll., Tring Mus.) ; Rio de Janeiro : Neu Freiburg (Burmeister coll., S ad. in Mus. Halle examined) ; Minas Geraes : Lagoa Santa (Lund), Sete Lagoas (Reinhardt).

6 J (J ad. : wing 51—53 ; tail 44—50; bill 13 mm.

1 ? ad. : wing 49 ; tail 40 mm.

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{b) H. p. atricapillus Pelz.

Hah. N.E. Brazil : Periiambiico (W. A. Forbes, ? iu Mas. Brit, exam.) ; Go3'az : city of Go3'az (Natterer, Castehian & Deville, Baer), Faz. EsperaiKja, Rio Aragnaya, Rio Thesouras (Baer). Nortliera S. Panic : Porto do Rio Parand, (Natterer). Ea.sterii Bolivia : Chiquitos (D'Orbigny), Santa Cruz de la Sierra (G. Garlepp, S ad. in Triug ex coll. Nehrkorn).

7 c? c? ad. : wing 52 — .59 ; tail 54 — 57 ; bill 14i — 15| mm.-

9 ? ? : wing 50—55 ; tail 52—58 ; bill 14J— 15 mm.

(e) H. p. motacilloides Tacz.

Herpsilnrhnuis motacilloides Taczanowski, P.Z.S. Loud. 1874. p. 136 (Maraynioc, Central Peru).

IJab. (_!eutral Peru, Chanchamayo district : Maraynioc (Jelski), La Gloria' Garita del >S<)I (Kalinow.ski) ; Idma : Santa Ana (Kalinowski). 2 cJJ ad.: wing 56, 54; tail 59, 53; bill 15 mm.

118. Herpsilochmus longirostris Pelz.

Rcrpsdochmiis Iniigirostris Pelzeln, Zur Oriiith. Bniiil. ii. p. 150 (1868. — Porto do Rio Parana, Rio Araguay, Cuyabi, Rio Guapore) ; Allen, Bull. Amcr. Mus. v. 1893. p. 120 (Chapada).

No. 1767. S fere ad., Faz. EsperanQa, January 1906.— Wing 59; tail 56; bill 17J mm.

Nos. 1768, 1774. i <S juv. (in the plumage of the ?), Faz. Esperan9a, Jannary 1906.— Wing 59, 57J ; tail 54, 53i ; bill 16J, 16 mm.

No. 2351. ? ad., Rio Araguaya, July 1906.— Wing 60 ; tail 55 ; bill 16 mm.

The specimens agree well with others from Chapada, Mattogrosso. H. longi- rostris is quite distinct from //. p. atricapillus and much more nearly related to H. pectoralis, of which it appears to be the western representative. The two forms are practically identical in structure and proportions, and their females scarcely distinguishable.

The (J c? of //. longirostris differ from those of the Bahia form by their longer tail, cinereous (instead of black) upper tail-coverts, and by the continuous black jugular band being replaced by numerous small blackish or dark cinereous spots on the foreneck.

The female of //. pectoralis of Bahia, which has not yet been described, resembles in general coloration that of //. longirostris, having the head bright tawny or tawny ochraceous, and the under-parts ochraceous (darkest on the foreneck and breast, paler on the throat) ; it differs, however, by the upper tail-coverts being brownish olive-grey tipped with white (instead of uniform cinereous), by the back being distinctly washed with brownish olive (instead of clear cinereous or olive-grey), and by its shorter tail. There