S1DA CONTRIBUTIONS TO BoTANy WAS FOUNDED BY Lioyo H. SHINNERS (LEFT) IN 1962. INHERITED BY WILLIAM F. MAHLER (RIGHT), DIRECTOR EMERITUS oF BRIT in 1971, AnD SINCE 1993, IT HAS BEEN PUBLISHED BY Brit Press. Barney L. Lipscoms, EDIToRr Botanical Research Institute of Texas 509 Pecan Street Fort Worth, Texas 76102-4060, US, 817 332-444] / 81 ’ 332-4112 FAX Electronic mail: sida@brit.org Home page at the URL: http://www.brit.org/sida/ W. {JOHN W. THIERET, ASSOCIATE EDITOR Dept. of Biological Sciences Northern Kentucky University Highland Heights, KY 41099 USA FELIX LLAMAS, CONTRIBUTING SPANISH EDITOR Dpto. de Botanica, Facultad de Biologia Universidad de Lean E-2471 Leon, SPAIN The views ex reflect those of the editors or of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas Guidelines for contributors are available upon request and on our SIDA home page as well as the last pages of each volume. Subscriptions for year 2006: $39. Individual $75. USA Institutions $85. Outside USA numbers issued twice a yeal < N zx BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ISSN 0036-1488 yressed in this journal do not necessarily TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION John W. Thieret (1926-2005) RALPH L. THOMPSON John W. Thieret, the curator Rosert F.C. NAczi John W. Thieret, a student's perspective (1967-2005) Rosert R. HAYNES John W. Thieret, valuable botanical friend (1965-2005) RONALD L. STUCKEY John W. Thieret, colleague and editor friend (1969-2005) WILLIAM F. MAHLER John W. Thieret, associate editor of Sida (1972-2005) BARNEY LipscOMB SYSTEMATICS A new narrowly endemic species of Clematis (Ranunculaceae: sub- genus Viorna) from northeastern Texas Dwayne ESTES Hill cane (Arundinaria appalachiana), a new species of bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains J.K. TRripcett, A.S. WEAKLEY, AND L.G. CLARK Revision of Bauhinia subgenus Bauhinia section Amaria (Cercideae: Caesalpinioideae: Fabaceae) RICHARD P. WUNDERLIN Dendrophorbium restingae (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). anew species from Sao Paulo, Brazi AristOnio M. TELEs, Jimi N. NAKAJIMA, AND JOAO R. STEHMANN Novedades en Gentianaceae para América del Sur Eva M. FicippA AND GLORIA E. BARBOZA Amelichloa: a new genus in the Stipeae (Poaceae) Mirta O. ARRIAGA AND Mary E. BARKWORTH Taxonomy of the Cuscuta pentagona com plex (Convolvulaceae) in North America Minal Costed, Guy L. NESOM, AND SASA STEFANOVIC Taxonomy of the Cuscuta salina-californicacom plex (Convolvulaceae) Minal Costea, Guy L. NESoM, AND SASA STEFANOVIC Taxonomy of C tag d Cuscuta umbrosa(C olvulaceae) Minal Costa, Guy L. NESoM, AND SASA STEFANOVIG Taxonomy of the Cuseuta indecora (Convolvulaceae) complex in North America Minal Costea, Guy L. NEsoM, AND SASA STEFANOVIC 21 25 33 55 65 97 123 129 145 A new species of Pediomelum (Fabaceae) from the lower Piedmont Plateau of Georgia and South Carolina JAMES R. ALLISON, MICHAEL WAYNE Morris, AND ASHLEY N. EGAN Big-fruited buckthorn, Sideroxylon macrocarpum (Sapotaceae), a long-forgotten Georgia endemic JAMES R. ALLISON Sexual and apomictic prairie {leabane (Erigeron strigosus) in Texas: geographic analysis and a new combination (Erigeron strigosus var. traversii, Asteraceae) RicHARD D. Noyes, HEIDI GERLING, AND CARLA VANDERVOORT More American black sapotes: new Diospyros (Ebenaceae) for Mexico and Central America MITCHELL C. PROVANCE AND ANDREW C, SANDERS Taxonomy of North American species of Oldenlandia (Rubiaceae) Epwarb E. TERRELL AND HAROLD ROBINSON New taxa and combinations in cultivated bamboos (Poaceae: Bam busoideae C.M.A. STAPLETON Estudios en las Apocynaceae neotropicales XXIV: ees eee deae: Echiteae), un desapercibido nuevo género endémico de Bahia, Brasil J. FRANCISCO MORALES Estudios en las Apocynaceae neotropicales XX V: novedades y nuevos reportes en las Apocynaceae (Apocynoideae: Rauvolfioideae) de Venezuela J. FRANCISCO MORALES Taxonomic overview of the Heterotheca villosa complex (Asteraceae: Astereae) Guy L. Nesom Taxonomy of Lantana sect. Lantana (Verbenaceae): |. correct application of Lantana camara and associated names ROGER W. SANDERS Crataegus series Parvifoliae and its putative hybrids in the south- eastern United States J.B. PHipps AND K. Dvorsky A new species of Stenanthium (Melanthiaceae) from Tennessee, U.S.A. B. EUGENE WOFFORD A new species of Dodecatheon (Primulaceae) from the northern coast range of Oregon and Washington KENTON L. CHAMBERS The lectotypification and 19" century history of Croton alabamensis (Euphorl biaceae s.s. ) KENNETH J. WURDACK Two new species of Elymus (Poaceae) in the southern U.S.A. and other notes on North American Elymus species JULIAN J.N. CAMPBELL Anew hybrid genusand 12 new combinationsin North American grasses Mary E. BARKWORTH Quadruple, triple, double, and simple pappi in the goldenasters, subtribe Chrysopsidinae (Asteraceae: Astereae) JOHN C. SEMPLE Notes on types in Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae in Cuban herbaria and four lectotypifications in West Indian Gonolobinae ALEXANDER KRINGS AND PAUL R. FANTZ Comments on the Gerbera-complex (Asteraceae: Mutisieae) Hans V. HANSEN Validation of the name Dahlia sublignosa (Asteraceae) DayLe E. SAAR AND PAuL D. SORENSEN A new combination in Polytrichastrum (Bryophyta: Polytrichaceae) G.L. SMITH MERRILL A new combination in Tetraphis (Bryophyta: Tetraphidaceae) JupitH A. HARPEL A new combination in the Bromus catharticus complex (Poaceae: Bromeae sect. Ceratochloa) ANA MariA PLANCHUELO CHROMOSOME NUMBERS Chromosome numbers for western and arctic North American species of Antennaria (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) JERRY G. CHMIELEWSKI ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY Root-shoot anatomy and post-harvest vegetative clonal develop- ment in Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae: Cacteae): implications for conservation MArtTIN TERRY AND JAMES D. MAUSETH ETHNOBOTANY Taxonomy and conservation of medicinal plants in canal-irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan KHALID FAROOQ AKBAR AND MOHAMMAD ATHAR BOTANICAL HISTORY Notes on the life and work of James Brigham McFarlin, Florida botanist TOM PALMER FLORISTICS, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION Floristic diversity and composition of terra firme and seasonally inundated palm swamp forests in the Palma Real Watershed in lower Madre de Dios, Peru FERNANDO H. CorRNEJO VALVERDE, JOHN P. JANOVEC, AND MATHIAS W. TOBLER A vascular plant inventory of Starkey Wilderness Preserve, Pasco County, Florida EMILY FERGUSON AND RICHARD P WUNDERLIN Vascular floras of Sonoita Creek State Natural Area and San Rafael State Park: Arizona’s first natural-area parks STEVEN P. MCLAUGHLIN Annotated checklist of the vascular flora of the Big Sandy Creek Unit, Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas Larry E. Brown, BARBARA R. MAcRoserts, MICHAEL H. MACROBERTS, Pau. A. HARCOMBE, WARREN W. Pruess, I. SANDRA ELSIk, AND STANLEY D. JONES The north-south transition of flora across Arkansas: a preliminary phytogeographical analysis MicHAEL H. MACROBERTS AND BARBARA R. MACROBERTS High levels of seed inviability among seven populations of the en- dangered Short’s goldenrod (Solidago shortii: Asteraceae) PATRICK J. CALIE, ROBERT EC. NAcCZ1, CHRISTINA SHACKLEFORD, AND JESSICA CAICEDO Naturalization and extirpation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes, Pontederiaceae) in southwestern Arkansas, U.S.A. RENN TUMLISON AND BRETT SERVISS Fungi associated with Borrichia frutescens (Asteraceae): insect galls and endophytes DIANE TE StRAKE, AMY HADDOCK KEAGY, AND PETER D. STILING Type localities of vascular plants first described from Ohio: supplement JAMES S. PRINGLE Notes on southwestern Moraceae ALAN T. WHITTEMORE Exotic plant introduction in Kansas, two new species IRALEE BARNARD New and disjunct records of Eleocharis liesneri (Cyperaceae) from South America Davip J. ROSEN New and significant records of vascular plants for Florida and for Collier County and Lee County, Florida GEORGE J. WILDER AND MArtHA R. McComprs Carex bicknellii (Cyperaceae) new to Arkansas PauL M. McKenzie, C. THEO WITSELL, AND JOE WoOoLBRIGHT Green fringed orchid (Platanthera lacera, Orchidaceae) in south- ern Louisiana CHARLES ALLEN, SARA THAMES, HowARD ANDERSON III, Bit NEWTON IIL, RHONDA HAMPTON, AND GEORGE FISHER 805 Seymeria falcata (Scrophulariaceae), a new record for Texas and the United States JOSELYN FENSTERMACHER 811 Cayratia japonica (Vitaceae) new to North Carolina and an updated key to the genera of Vitaceae in the Carolinas ALEXANDER KRINGS AND Rosert J. RICHARDSON 813 New and noteworthy collections for Arkansas JAMES H. PECK AND BreTT E. SERVIss 817 Clematis morefieldii (Ranunculaceae) new to Tennessee Dwayne ESTES AND CHRIS FLEMING 821 Gratiola brevifolia (Plantaginaceae) new to the flora of Delaware, the Delmarva Peninsula, and the Mid-Atlantic WESLEY M. KNAPP AND DWAYNE ESTES 825 Hedyotis australis (Rubiaceae) new to Missouri and Florida and related species in the south-central United States WALTER H. LEwis 831 Book reviews and notices 144, 150,176, 196, 208, 226, 242, 330, 354, 366, 422, 446, 460, 468, 484, 502, 532,538, 544, 546,548, 564, 614, 634, 660, 764, 768, 776, 780, 800, 810, 816, 830, 837 Announcements 78, 96, 724 Index to new names and new combinations in Sida 22(1), 2006 Achnatherum arnowiae (S.L. Welsh & N.D. Atwood) Barkworth, comb. nov-—496 Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth, gen. nov—146 Amelichloa ambigua (Speg.) Arriaga & Barkworth, comb. nov—147 Amelichloa brachychaeta (Godr.) Arriaga & Barkworth, comb. nov—147 Amelichloa brevipes (E. Desv.) Arriaga & Barkworth, comb. nov—147 Amelichloa caudata (Trin.) Arriaga @ Barkworth, comb. nov—148 Amelichloa clandestina (Hack.) Arriaga & Barkworth, comb. nov.—148 Ammophila breviligulata subsp. champlainensis (F Seym.) Walker, Paris & Barrington ex Barkworth, comb. nov—496 Arundinaria appalachiana Triplett, Weakley & L.G. Clark, sp. nov—88 Bahiella J.F Morales, gen. nov.—342 Bahiella blanchetii (A. DC.) J.F Morales, comb. nov—342 Bahiella infundibuliflora J.F. Morales, sp. nov—345 Bauhinia amatlana Wunderlin, sp. nov—99 Bauhinia arborea Wunderlin, sp. nov—102 Bauhinia ayabacensis Wunderlin, sp. nov—105 Bauhinia geniculata Wunderlin, sp. nov—111 Bauhinia petiolata var. caudigera (S.F Blake) Wunderlin, comb. nov—115 Borinda angustissima (T.P. Yi) Stapleton, comb. nov—332 Borinda contracta (T-P. Yi) Stapleton, comb. nov—332 Borinda nujiangensis (TP. Yi) Stapleton, comb. nov—332 Borinda utilis (TP. Yi) Stapleton, comb. nov-—332 Bromus catharticus var. elata (E. Desv.) Planchuelo, comb. nov-—556 Clematis carrizoensis D. Estes, sp. nov—67 Cuscuta indecora var. attenuata (Waterfall) Costea, comb. & stat. nov—216 Dahlia sublignosa (PD. Sorensen) D.E. Saar & PD. Sorensen, comb. & stat. nov—545 Dendrophorbium restingae A. Teles, ].N.Nakaj. & Stehmann, sp. nov—123 Diospyros costaricensis M.C. Provance & A.C. Sanders, sp. nov—291 Diospyros gomeziorum M.C. Provance @ A.C. Sanders, sp. nov.—282 Diospyros tuxtlensis M.C. Provance G A.C. Sanders, sp. nov—295 Dodecatheon austrofrigidum K.L. Chambers, sp. nov—462 — Drepanostachyum falcatum var. sengteeanum Stapleton, var. nov—332 <Elyleymus hultenii (Melderis ex Hultén) Barkworth, comb. nov-—496 <Elyleymus mossii (Lepage) Barkworth, comb. nov-—497 <Elyleymus ontariensis (Lepage) Bark worth, comb. nov.—497 Elymus X cayouetteorum (Boivin) Barkworth, comb. nov—498 Elymus churchii J.J.N. Camp., sp. nov—486 Elymus lanceolatus subsp. riparius (Scribn. & J.G. Smith) Barkworth, comb. & Stat nov.—498 Elymus texensis ].J.N. Camp., sp. nov-—488 Erigeron strigosus var. traversii (Shinners) Noyes, comb. & stat nov—273 Fargesia apicirubens Stapleton, sp. nov—331 Gentianella fabrisii Filippa et Barboza, sp. nov—130 Heterotheca polothrix Nesom, nom. et stat. nov— 373 Heterotheca sierrablancensis (Semple) Nesom, comb. & stat. nov—374 Indocalamus hamadae (Hatus.) Stapleton, comb. nov.—332 Lantana camara subsp. aculeata (L.) R.W. Sanders, comb. & stat. nov—394 Lantana nivea subsp. mutabilis (WJ. Hook.) R.W. Sanders, comb. & nov—395 Lantana strigocamara R.W. Sanders, sp. nov—392 <Leydeum littorale (HJ. Hodgs. @ W.W. Mitch.) Bark worth, comb. nov—498 Leymus californicus (Bol. ex Thurber) Bark worth, comb. nov.—498 Mandevilla angustata (Steyerm.) J. Morales, comb. & stat. nov-—356 Mandevilla tristis J.) Morales, sp. nov—359 <Pascoleymus Barkworth, gen. hybr. nov—499 <Pascoleymus bowdenii (Boivin) Bark worth, comb. nov—499 Pediomelum piedmontanum J.B. Allison, M.W. Morris & A.N. Egan, sp. nov—229 Polytrichastrum alpinum var. sylvaticum (Menzies) G.L. Merrill, comb. nov—547 Pseudoroegneria spicata [. inermis (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Barkworth, comb. nov. & Stat. nov—499 Pseudoroegneria spicata {. pubescens (Elmer) Barkworth, comb. nov. & stat. nov.—499 Sideroxylon macrocarpum (Nutt.) J.R. Allison, comb. nov—245 Stenanthium diffusum Wofford, sp. nov— Tetraphis pellucida var. trachypoda (Kindb. ex Paris) Harpel, comb. nov—551 JOHN W. THIERET, ASSOCIATE EDITOR FROM 1972-2005 This issue of Sida is dedicated to you and your enormous contributions to the journal! For all that you’ve done | thank you! Barney Lipscomb, Editor TO EVERYTHING THERE IS A SEASON AND A TIME TO EVERY PURPOSE UNDER HEAVEN: A TIME TO BE BORN AND A TIME TO DIE; A TIME TO PLANT AND A TIME TO PLUCK UP THAT WHICH IS PLANTED ... Preceding page: John Thieret at his book signing of National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Eastern Division in 200L JOHN W. THIERET (1926-2005) Ralph L. Thompson Berea College Herbarium Biology Department Berea College tucky 40404-2121, U.S.A. Berea, | ABSTRACT John W. Thieret (1926-2005), an internationally aan American plant taxonomist, is remem- dasaconsummate field botanist, exemplary teacher, acclaimed author, superb editor, fine her- er barium director, inspiring mentor to students ae ee and noble friend. RESUMEN John W. Thieret (1926-2005), tax6nomo de plantas estadounidense reconocido en todo el mundo, es Qu recordado como un consumado botanico de campo, un profesor ejemplar, un autor aclamado, un magnifico redactor, un excelente director de herbario, una inspiracio6n como mentor para sus estudiantes y colegas, y un noble amigo. One of the most renowned American plant taxonomists of the 20th century has died. It is with great sadness and a profound sense of loss that this reflective tribute is written about the life and career of John W. Thieret, Professor Emeri- tus of Biological Sciences at Northern Kentucky University, retired Director of the Northern Kentucky University Herbarium, and Associate Editor of Sida, Contributions to Botany, and Editor of the Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science JKAS). John suffered a brain aneurysm at his home in Alexandria, Ken- tucky, on 6 December 2005, while editing a manuscript for the JKAS. He never regained consciousness and died on 7 December. He was 79 years old. John William Thieret was born on | August 1926, in Chicago, Illinois, the only child of Hans and Lorena Thieret. Growing up, he was interested in plants and became an avid student of botany during his school days at Hyde Park High School. At Hyde Park, John met his future wife, Mildred Wolf, fittingly in a botany class. After working briefly in Chicago, John moved to Logan, Utah, to study at Utah State University. Three years later, Mildred also moved to Logan and attended Utah State. They were married on 13 March 1950, by one of their professors, after completing their Evolution final exams. Both earned their B.S. degrees in 1950: John’s in Botany and Mildred’s in Bacteriology. They remained at Utah State University for graduate work and in 1951, John earned his MS. in Botany with a thesis in barley genetics and Mildred completed her MS. in Bac- teriology. They then returned to Chicago, where John attended the University of Chicago to work on his doctorate under Theodor K. Just, Chief Curator of the Chicago Field Museum of Natural History. John received his Ph.D. in Botany in SIDA 22(1): 3-19. 2006 4 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) John’s senior kink n I nhat tHy in Darl Hig! C-} |, Chicago, ca 1946. 3 r 1953. The title of John’s dissertation was “Gross Morphology of the Seeds of the Scrophulariaceae and Classification of the Family.” Later in 1953, John became Assistant Curator of Economic Botany at the Chicago Field Museum and then Curator of Economic Botany from 1954 to 1961. While at the Field Museum, he made collecting trips to Cuba, Mexico, the north- THOMPSON, JOHN W. THIERET: HIS LIFE AND CAREER 5 ern Great Plains of the United States, and the Northwest Territories of Canada. John authored 26 publications during that time and his special interests in the Poaceae and Scrophulariaceae were evident in his published works. John pub- lished five new nomenclatural combinations while at the Field Museum. He also wrote three articles on the flora and vegetation of the Canadian Northwest Termitories, John left the Field Museum to become Associate Professor and later Profes- sor of Biology at the University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette (USL) from 1961 to 1973. At USL, he sponsored undergraduate research projects, and directed six MS. theses and one Ph.D. dissertation. During this period, John conducted most of his personal research in the southeastern United States, with an em- phasis on the Louisiana flora. At USL, he authored or co-authored 47 articles. John named four plant species new to science that he discovered in Louisiana: Cyperus brevifolioides Thieret & Delahoussaye; Cyperus louisianensis Thieret; Isoetes louisianensis Thieret; and Limnophila x ludoviciana Thieret. From his work at USL, John published 11 nomenclatural combinations. He also published his first two generic flora treatments of the southeastern United States, five more articles from his investigations in the Canadian Northwest Territories, and sev- eral new United States or North American plant records. John made his final academic career move in 1973, when he joined the fac- ulty at Northern Kentucky University (NKU) in Highland Heights, as Profes- sor and Chair of the Department of Biological Sciences. The opportunity to teach at NKU, the presence of the Lloyd Library in Cincinnati, and relocating his fam- ily to live in a cooler climate, were especially appealing to him. John served as Chair until 1980 and continued as Professor until retiring in 1992, with the title Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences. John loved teaching and was an exemplary teacher in the classroom, labo- ratory, and field. His classes were challenging, enjoyable, informative, popular, and he helped many students reach their full potential. He always was avail- able to students and colleagues for discussions about botany, academics, or just about life. John was a strong believer in providing students with actual plant specimens, either fresh or dried, for a “hands-on” approach, and he went to great effort to accomplish that goal. In the field, John’s passion for botany was espe- cially contagious and he always felt rejuvenated after a field trip with students. John generously shared his expertise and enthusiasm for botany, especially plant taxonomy, with students, colleagues, and the general public for 32 years. His exuberance, magnetic personality, and knowledge were inspirations to every- one his activities touched. For many years, John’s summer activities were focused on teaching at vari- ous biological field stations. He served as Visiting Lecturer in Botany at the Itasca Biological Station, University of Minnesota; the Oklahoma Biological Station, University of Oklahoma; the Michigan Biological Station, University of Michigan; — — 6 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) faculty pt t University of Soutt Louisi Lafayette, 1972. and the Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory, Ohio State University. John enjoyed the flora of cooler climates, and biological stations provided Mildred and his children (Robert, Nancy, Richard, Jeffrey, and Jennifer) new environments to experience. He also conducted major field travels in the southeastern, south- western, and northwestern United States, the Great Basin of Nevada and Utah, and the Canadian Arctic, Newfoundland. and Ontario. THOMPSON, JOHN W. THIERET: HIS LIFE AND CAREER 7 - Bate. ve , ae 4 a ‘a be 5 John with Fraser magnolia in West Virginia during 1998 (D.M. Brandenburg). John authored or co-authored with other botanists, 58 refereed journal ar- ticles at NKU. He frequently collaborated in research activities and publica- tions with current and former undergraduate and graduate students and younger NKU colleagues. Indeed, he was a mentor whose enthusiasm was con- 8 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22 = 1) tagious and inspired botanists from many other institutions to pursue research activities. The scope of his collaborative research ranged from investigations in Kentucky, research elsewhere in the United States, to the massive North America flora project. John was the prime mover and inspiration of the Kentucky flora project, which culminated with the publication of Ronald L. Jones’ Plant Life of Kentuckyin 2005. John served as Editorial Associate and contributed the treat- ment of the Poaceae for this comprehensive flora. During his tenure at NKU, John was the author or co-author of five books. These books were entitled: Louisiana Ferns and Fern Allies; Aquatic and Wet- and Plants of Kentucky; Trees: A Quick Reference Guide to Trees of North America; Assessment and Management of Plant Invasions, and National Audu- bon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Eastern Region. His boo — <s continue to serve many audiences, from professional botanists to ama- teur plant enthusiasts. One of John Thieret’s crowning achievements was establishing the North- ern Kentucky University Herbarium (KNkK) in 1973. As its first Director, he built the herbarium from his personal collections, additions by colleagues and stu- dents, and through an active specimen exchange with various national and international herbaria. Currently, KNK has over 35,000 mounted specimens with strong representation from Kentucky, the Southeast, and the Midwest. The KNK collection has the highest species diversity among Kentucky herbaria col- lections. Through his efforts, the KNK herbarium has become the best-curated herbarium in Kentucky. John donated his entire 600 book reference library to the herbarium to further support botanical research. John was a consummate field botanist whose excellent field abilities and extensive experiences were essential components of hisaccomplishments. He had an incredible memory forall of the plants that he had ever encountered and would make accurate field identifications even if he had seen the plants only once from several decades ago. This lifetime inventory combined with an amazing eye for detail enabled John to locate species that others would pass. John made an astounding number of new state, regional, United States, and North American plant records during his career. Most contemporary alpha plant taxonomists concentrate their study ona few groups, write floras at the local or state level, pursue floristics, or other taxonomic works. John was one of the last of a rare and remarkable group of field naturalists whose breadth and depth of knowledge of botanical life throughout the United States and Canada was unparalleled in his later years. He was an ardent plant collector throughout his professional career with specimen accession numbers over 62,000. John accurately identified all plants he deposited into various herbaria and meticulously mounted hisown plant specimens. — John Thieret was an internationally known botanist, excellent educator, wise scholar, and gentleman. He dearly loved his family, and after family, his THOMPSON, JOHN W. THIERET: HIS LIFE AND CAREER 9 Leet . UNIVETOILY, . 7 > 5 Ink ° ob NIWIT | , J 4 10 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) great passion was plants. Although John was focused on plant taxonomy and learning new plants his entire life, he had other diverse interests including clas- sical music, particularly opera. He also enjoyed sharing his knowledge far be- yond botany and the natural sciences through verbal discourse about diverse topics in history, literature, art, religion, and the social sciences. Scientists often are judged by the number of articles by them or about them. If this is any measure of a person, John stands taller than a coastal redwood. Dur- ing his professional career, John authored at least 157 refereed journal articlesand book articles. Forty-two articles appeared in Sida, Contributions to Botany, which was his favorite journal. He also regularly published in Bartonia, Canadian Field- Naturalist, Castanea, Economic Botany, Journalofthe Arnold Arboretum, Rhodora, Taxon,and Transactions/Journalofthe Kentucky Academy of Science. In addition to books, journal articles, and 19 nomenclatural com binations, John wrote 136 book reviews, 65 articles for Encyclopaedia Britannica, 46 articles for Encyclope- dia Americana, and many popular science articles. John served several significant editorships and advisory roles during his professional career. He wasa Member of the Editorial Board of Economic Botany from 1959-1965, Book Editor of Economic Botany from 1959-1984, Editor from 1986-1990, and Associate Editor from 1992-2002. He was a founding Member of the Editorial Board for the Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States project from 1981-2005, and wrote seven southeastern generic flora treatments. John served as the Associate Editor of Sida, Contributions to Botany, from 1972-2005, and contributed to its excellence and prestige through his dedicated work. Barney L. Lipscomb, current Editor of Sida, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, notes, ‘John wasa towering lighthouse to the editors of Sida. His stead- fast editorial, ‘light, was a never ending source of guidance and navigation in keeping Sida on a positive course.” From 1981-1995, John served as Abstract Editor of Transactions of the Ken- tucky Academy of Science (TKAS). He then assumed the position of Editor of TKAS in 1996 and changed the title from Transactions to Journal of the Ken- tucky Academy of Science JKAS) in 1998 to better reflect its content. Through his efforts, John greatly enhanced the stature of the JKAS as a multi-disciplin- ary journal of state and regional scientific literature. During 1983-2005, one of his most significant roles was serving asa Mem- ber of the Editorial Committee of the monumental multi-volume project, Flora of North America North of Mexico. He edited the first 10 published volumes and prepared 25 family and generic treatments. John also was an Advisor in Botany tor Encyclopaedia Britannica from 1959-2005 and a Member of the Advisory Committee at the Lloyd Library in Cincinnati from 1992-2005. John loved editing and his ability as an editor was extraordinary. He was a perfectionist and a superlative editor second to none, but his efforts always brought out the best in authors. Those who submitted manuscripts for John’s em THOMPSON, JOHN W. THIERET: HIS LIFE AND CAREER 11 editorial scrutiny often found them returned with a profusion of red ink on the printed text. When his recommended changes were made, the greatly improved manuscripts always told the story better. John received many awards and honors during his career. One of his most esteemed honors was having a mint in the Lamiaceae that he discovered in Loui- siana named for him. In 1964, botanist Lloyd H. Shinners named this new spe- cies Scutellaria thieretii Shinners. He received the 1984 Distinguished Kentucky College/University Scien- tist Award from the Kentucky Academy of Science for his significant academic research and teaching contributions to the Commonwealth. John was recently presented the 2005 Outstanding Academy Service Award from the Kentucky Academy of Science for his outstanding editorial contributions to the JKAS. To commemorate his contributions to the Northern Kentucky University Herbarium, it was officially renamed The John W. Thieret Herbarium by the Northern Kentucky University Board of Regents on 22 March 2000. In 1994, he established The John W. Thieret Research Award as an annual award to the NKU biological sciences student who accomplished the most sig- nificant research. The Thieret family would like to continue this student honor, and have asked that donations in his memory be sent to the Northern Kentucky University Foundation, designated to that research award. John is survived by his devoted wife of 55 years, Mildred Thieret, his five children, Robert, Nancy, and Jeffrey in Minnesota, Richard in China, and Jenni- fer in Kentucky, seven grandchildren, and five great-grandchildren. John Thieret was one of the patriarchs of North American plant taxonomy, and one of the last great field naturalists of the 20th century. His death marks the ending of a botanical era, but his legacy continues through the work of many former students and colleagues. John was an inspiring and stabilizing mentor who enriched the lives of those who knew him. He will be greatly missed by all. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS lam especially grateful to Mildred Thieret for graciously sharing her memories about John and providing photographs of her husband. lalso acknowledge con- tributions from Barney L. Lipscomb, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Ronald L. Jones, Eastern Kentucky University, David M. Brandenburg, Dawes Arboretum, James O. Luken, Coastal Carolina University, and Debra K. Pearce, Northern Kentucky University. REFEREED PUBLICATIONS Bairp, J.R.and J.W. THierer. 1985. Notes on Themeda quadivalvis (Poaceae) in Louisiana. |selya 2:129-137. Bair, J.R.and J.W. THierer. 1988.The bur gherkin (Cucumis anguria var.anguria, Cucurbitaeae). Econ. Bot. 42:447-451. 12 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Bairo, J.R.and J.W. THierer. 1989. The medlar (Mespilus germanica, Rosaceae) from antiquity to obscurity. Econ. Bot. 43:328-372 Baird, JR. and JW. Tuierer. 1993. Spartina. In: J.C. Hickman, ed. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. Pp. 1296- 1297. Beat, E.O. and J.W. THieret. 1986. Aquatic and wetland plants of Kentucky, Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission, Scientific and Technical Series, Number 5, Frankfort. BranbensurG, D.M., W.H. BLackwelt, and J.W. THiereT. 1991. Revision of the genus Cinna (Poaceae). Sida 14:581-596. Branoensure, D.M., J.E. Estes, $.B. Russet, and J.W. THieret. 1991. One-nerved paleas in Cinna arundinacea L. (Poaceae). Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 52:94-96. BraNnbenBurG, D.M., J.E. Estes, and J.W. THierer. 1991.Hard grass (Sclerochloa dura, Poaceae) in the United States. Sida 14:369-376. BranbensurG, D.M. and J.W. THieret. 1996, Sclerochloa dura (Poaceae) in Kentucky. J. Ken- tucky Acad. Sci. 57:47-48. stp D.M. and J.W. THierer. 2000. Cinna and Limnodea (Poaceae): not congeneric. Sida 19:195-200. ree D.M. and J.W. THieret. 2003. Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae) in Kentucky, with overview of literature on biology of the species. J. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 64:55-74. Buopett Il, G.F.and J.W. THieret. 1985. Notes on Frigenia bulbosa (Apiaceae). Bartonia 51:69-76. Bupbett Il, G.F. and J.W. THieret. 1997. Saururaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Commitee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 3. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford, Pp. 37-38 Buooett II,G.F.and J.W. THierer. 2004.Lobed leaves in Salix exigua, sandbar willow (Salicaceae), in Kentucky. J. Kentucky Acad. Sci.65:51. Caraway, M.L. and J.W. THieret. 1985. Amphibromus scabrivalvis (Gramineae) in Louisiana. Sida 11:207-214. Crark, H.L. and J.W. THierer. 1968. The duckweeds of Minnesota. Michigan Bot. 7:67-76. Crark, R.C., R.L. Jones, TJ. Weckman, R.L. THomeson, J.W. THieReT, Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission, and K. Feeman. 2005. State records and other noteworthy collections for Ken- tucky. Sida 21:1909-1916. CrANFILL, R. and J.W. Trieret. 1981. Thirty additions to the vascular flora of Kentucky. Sida 9:55-58. DetaHoussaye, AJ, and J.W. THieret. 1967. Cyperus subgenus Kyllinga (Cyperaceae) in the continental United States. Sida 3:128-136. Eckenwatoer, J.E. and J.W. THieret. 1993. Keys to gymnosperm families. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 345-346. Evers, R.A.and J.W. THieret. 1957.New plant records: Illinois and Indiana. Rhodora 59:181. Hawt, D.W.and J.W. THierer. 2003. Chrysopogon. in: Flora of North America Editorial Commit- tee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 25. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 633-636. HARTMAN, R.L., J.W. THieret, and R.K. Raseter. 2005. Paronychia. |In:Flora of North America Edito- THOMPSON, JOHN W. THIERET: HIS LIFE AND CAREER 13 rial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 5. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 30-43. Hits, M.H., J.W. THieret, and J.D. MorerieLo. 2003. Sarcobatus.|n: Flora of North America Edito- rial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 4. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 387-389. Kartesz, J.T., P Atten, and J.W. THieret. 1997. Epilobium brachycarpum (Onagraceae) in Ken- tucky. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 58:99. Kartesz, J.T. and J.W. THieret. 1991. Common names for vascular plants: guidelines for use and application. Sida 14:421-434. Lanory, G.and J.W. THiereT. 1973./soetes louisianensis Siana. Sida 5:129-130. Luken, J.O. and J.W. THierer. 1987a. Linum grandiflorum (Linaceae), Papaver dubium (Papaveraceae), and Salvia pratensis (Labiatae): additions to the Kentucky flora. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 48:26. Luken, J.O.and J.W. Tuierer. 1987b.Sumac-directed patch succession on northern Kentucky roadside embankments. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 48:51—54. LukeN, J.O. and J.W. Tierer. 1988. A life-form spectrum for Ohio. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 49:38-39. Luken, J.O. and J.W. THieret. 1995. Armur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii; Caprifoliaceae): its ascent, decline, and fall. Sida 16:479-503. Luxen, J.O.and J.W. THierer. 1996. Amur honeysuckle, its fall from grace. BioScience 46:18—24. LuKen, J.O. and J.W. THieret. 1997. Amur honeysuckle, its fall from grace. Arnoldia 57:2-12. Luken, J.O. and J.W. THigret. 2001. Floristic comparisons of mud flats and shorelines at Cave Run Lake, Kentucky. Castanea 66:336-351. Luken, J.O. and J.W. THieret (eds.). 1997. Assessment and management of plant invasions. Springer-Verlag, Inc., New York, NY. Luken, J.O., J.W. THieret, and J.R. Karresz. 1993. Erucastrum gallicum (Brassicaceae): invasion and spread in North America. Sida 15:569-582. Meotey, M.E., H. Bayan, J. MacGrecor, and J.W. THieret. 1985.Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai (Amaranthaceae) in Kentucky and West Virginia:new to North America. Sida 11:92-95. Meotey, M.E., R. Craneitt, and J.W. THieret. 1983. Vascular flora of Kentucky: additions and other noteworthy collections. Sida 10:114-122. Meotey, M.E. and J.W. THierer. 1991. Ulmus parvifolia (Ulmaceae) naturalized in Kentucky. Sida 14:610-613. MoHtensrock, R.H. and J.W. THieret. 1987. Trees: a quick reference guide to trees of North America. Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, NY. Naczi, R.F.C. and J.W. THieret. 1996a. Addition to the flora of Bradford County, Pennsylvania. Bartonia 59:81—-85. Naczi,R.F.C.and J.W. THieret. 1996b.Invasion and spread of Coincya monensis (Brassicaceae) in North America. Sida 17:43-53. Naczi, R.F.C. and J.W. THieret. 1996c. The gold-cone tamarack (Larix larcina forma lutea, Pinaceae) in Pennsylvania. Bartonia 59:123-124. Isoetaceae), a new species from Loui- — 14 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Naczi, R.F.C. and J.W. Tuierer. 2000. Additions to the flora of Potter County, Pennsylvania. Bartonia 60:117-120. Nienaser, M.A. and J.W. Tuieret. 2003. Phytolaccaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial oo eds. Flora of North America, Vol.4.Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Po Pearce, D. . eae JW. Tuieret. 1991. Japanese-quince (Chaenomeles speciosa, Rosaceae), a dual-use shrub. Econ. Bot. 45:285-288. Pearce, D.K.and J.W. Tuieret. 1993. Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana, Ebenaceae) and may- apple (Podophyllum peltatum), Berberidaceae): proximate analysis of their fruits. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 54:30-31. Raseter, R.K.and J.W. THieret. 1988.Comments on the Caryophyllaceae of the southeastern United States. Sida 13:149-156. Raseter, R.K.and J.W.THierer. 1997. Sagina (Caryophyllaceae) range extensions in Canada:S. japonica new to Newfoundland, S.procumbens, new to the Northwest Territories. Canad. Field-Naturalist 111:309-310. Reece, W.D. and J.W. Tuieret. 1966. Botanical study of the Five Islands of Louisiana. Castanea 31:251-277. Smith, C.E, Jr.and J.W. THieret. 1959a.An English obituary account of Thomas Nuttall. Bartonia —s Smith, C.E., Jr.and J.W. THieret. 1959b. Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859): an evaluation and bibli- ography. Leafl. West. Bot. 9:33-42. SpactH, J.P. and J.W. THieret. 2004. Notes on “coffee” from the Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus, Fabaceae). Sida 21:345-356. Spuut, R.W. and J.W. Tuierer. 1989. Confusion between multiple and aggregate fruits. Bot. Rev. 55:53-72. Tuieret, J.W. 1953. Gross morphology of the seeds of the Scrophulariaceae and classifica- tion of the family. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Chicago. THieret, J.W. 1953. Dipsacus laciniatus in Illinois. Rhodora 55:268. THiereT, J.W. 1954. The tribes and genera of Central American Scrophulariaceae. Ceiba 4: 164-184. THieret, J.W. 1955a. The seeds of Veronica and allied genera. Lloydia 18:37-45. THiereT, J.W. 1955b. The status of Berendtiella A. Gray. Ceiba 4:304—-305. THieret, JW. 1956a. Bryophytes as economic plants. Econ. Bot. 10:/5-91. THieReT, JW. 1956b. Nardoo. Amer. Fern J. 46:108-109. ] ] ] — THieret, J.W. 1956c. Stenardrium Nees versus Gerardia L. Taxon 5:58-59. THiereT, J.W. 1957. Plants new to Illinois and to the Chicago region. Rhodora 59:289. Tuieret, J.W. 1958a.Agalinis Rafinesque versus Chytra Gaertn. Taxon 7:142-143. THieret, J.W. 1958b. Castilleia Mutis ex L. versus Bartsia L. Taxon 7:83-84. THiereT, J.W. 1958c. Economic botany of the cycads. Econ. Bot. 12:3-41. Tuieret, J.W.1959a. Grassland vegetation near Fort Providence, Northwest Territories. Canad. Field-Naturalist 73:161-167 TuiereT, J.W. 1959b, Scrophulariaceae. In: J. Angely (ed). Catalogo e estatastica dos géneros botanicos fanerogamicos, Vol. 49. THOMPSON, JOHN W. THIERET: HIS LIFE AND CAREER 15 THiereT, J.W. 1960a. Calamovilfa longifolia and its variety magna. Amer. Midl. Nat. 63: 169-176. THiereT, J.W. 1960b.The formaldehyde method of collecting plant specimens. Turtox News 38:114-115 THieret, J.W. 1961a. A collection of plants from the Horn Plateau, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories. Canad. Field-Naturalist 75:77-83. THierET, J.W.1961b.New plant records for southwestern District of Mackenzie.Canad. Field- Naturalist 75:111-121. THieret, JW. 1961¢. The Scrophulariaceae-Buchnerae of Central America. Ceiba 8:92-101. THiereT, J.W. 1961d.The specific epithet of the pecan. Rhodora 63:296. TuiereT, J.W. 1962a. Exceptional height for Rhododendron lapponicum. Canad. Field-Natu- ralist 76:123. Tiere, J.W. 1962b. New plant records from District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories. Canad. Field-Naturalist 76:206-208. TuiereT, J.W. 1963a. Additions to the flora of Louisiana. Castanea 28:169-1 70. TuiereT, J.W. 1963b. Additions to the flora of the Northwest Territories. Canad. Field-Natu- ralist 77:126. Tuieret, J.W. 1963c. Botanical survey along the Yellowknife Highway, Northwest Territories, Canada. |: Catalogue of the flora. Sida 1:117-170 THierET, J.W. 1963d. Life-forms in the plains flora of southern Mackenzie, Northwest Territo- ries. Rhodora 65:149-157. TuiereT, J.W. 1963e. The correct name for the watermelon. Taxon 12:37. Tieret, J.W. 1964a. Botanical survey along the Yellowknife Highway, Northwest Territories, Canada. II: Vegetation. Sida 1:187-239. TuiereT, J.W. 1964b. Eriogonum annuum (Polygonaceae): biennial in Nebraska. Sida 1:382. Tuieret, J.W. 1964c. Fatoua villosa (Moraceae) in Louisiana: new to North America. Sida 1:248. Tuieret, J.W. 1964d. Lysimachia japonica (Primulaceae) and Clinopodium gracile (Labiatae) in Louisiana: new to the United States. Sida 1:249-250. TuiereT, J.W. 1964e. More additions to the Louisiana flora. Sida 1:294-295. TuHiereT, J.W. 1966a. Additions to the Louisiana flora. Sida 2:264—-265. THiereT, J.W. 1966b. Habit variation in Myrica pensylvanica and M. cerifera. Castanea 31: 183-184. THiereT, J.W. 1966c. Seeds of some United States Phytolaccaceae and Aizoaceae. Sida 2: THiereT, J.W. 1966d. Synopsis of the genus Calamovilfa (Gramineae). Castanea 31:145-152. THieRET, J.W. 1967a.Life-forms in the flora of Minnesota. J. Minnesota Acad. Sci.34:251-277. Tuierer, J.W. 1967b. Neogaerrhinum kelloggii (Greene) Tuieret, comb. nov. (Scrophulariaceae) Sida 3:187, THieret, J.W. 1967c. Supraspecific classification in the Scrophulariaceae: a review. Sida 3: 87-106. Tuieret, J.W. 1967d. Thirty additions to the Louisiana flora. Sida 3:123-127. BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) THierET, J.W. 1968. Additions to the vascular flora of Louisiana. Proc. Louisiana Acad. Sci. 31:91-97 THieret, J.W.1969a. Baptisia lactea (Rafinesque) THieret, comb.nov. (Leguminosae). Sida 3:446. THiERET, J.W. 1969b. Notes on Epifagus. Castanea 34:397-402, THiereT, J.W. 1969c. Rumex obovatus and Rumex paraguayensis (Polygonaceae) in Louisi- ana: new to North America. Sida 3:445-446. THieret, J.W. 1969d. Sagittaria guayanensis (Alismataceae) in Louisiana: new to the United States. Sida 3:445. Tiere, J.W. 1969e. Trifolium vesiculosum (Leguminosae) in Mississippi and Louisiana: new to North America. Sida 3:446-447, THiereT, J.W. 1969f. Twenty-five species of vascular plants new to Louisiana. Proc. Louisiana Acad. Sci. 32:78-82. THiereT, J.W. 1970a. Bacopa repens (Scrophulariaceae) in the conterminous United States. Castanea 35:132-136. THIERET, J.W. 1970b. Nemophila microcalyx, an incorrect name. Rhodora 79:399-400. TuiereT, J.W. 1970c. Orobanchaceae. In: C.L. Lundell, ed. Flora of Texas, Vol. 2. Pp. 331-337. THiereT, JW. 1970d. Sere Df yhulariac eae—fiqwort family.In:E.A Menninger. ed Flowering vines of the world. Pp. 316-321. THIERET, J.W. 1971a. Additions to the Louisiana flora. Castanea 36:219-222. THiereT, J.W.1971b. Eriocaulon cinereum R.Br. in Louisiana. Southw. Nat. 15:391. THiereT, J.W.1971¢.Observations on some aquatic plants in northwestern Minnesota. Michi- gan Bot. 10:117-124. THierer, J.W. 1971d. Physalis lagascae (Solanaceae) in Louisiana: new to the conterminous United States. Sida 4:277. THiereT, J.W. 1971e. Quadrat study of a bottomland forest in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana. Castanea 36:174-181. THieret, JW. 1971f. The genera of Orobanchaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 52:404-434. THieret, JW. 1972a. Aquatic and marsh plants of Louisiana: a checklist. J. Louisiana Soc. Hort. Res. 13:1-45. : THiereT, J.W.1972b. Checklist of the vascular flora of Louisiana: Part 1. Fern and fern allies, gymnosperms, and monocotyledons. Lafayette Nat. Hist. Mus, Techn. Bull. 2. THierET, J.W. 1972c. Rotala indica (Lythraceae) in Louisiana. Sida 5:45. THiereT, JW. 1972d. Synopsis of Hemichaena, including Berendtiella (Scrophulariaceae) Fieldiana Bot. 34:89-99, THieret, JW. 1972e. The Phrymaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 53:226-233. THieRET, J.W. 1972f. Zeuxine strateumatica in Louisiana. Amer. Orch. Soc, Bull. 41:413. THiereT, J.W. 1973. Sex and the angiosperms. Sida 5:59-60. THieret, J.W.1974.Allium ampeloprasum (Liliaceae) and Trifolium vesiculosum (Leguminosae) in Oklahoma. Sida 5:286-287. THOMPSON, JOHN W. THIERET: HIS LIFE AND CAREER 17 THieret, JW. 1975a. Hemigraphis reptans (Acanthaceae), a greenhouse weed in Louisiana. Sida 6:115. THiereT, J.W. 1975b. The Mayacaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 56:248-255. THiereT, J.W. 1976a. Floral biology of Proboscidea louisianica (Martyniaceae). Rhodora 78: 169-179. TuiereT, J.W. 1976b. Vascular plants new to Ohio. Castanea 41:181-183. THieret, J.W.1977a. Cyperus louisianensis (Cyperaceae), a new species from southern Loui- Siana. Proc. Louisiana Acad. Sci. 40:23-26. THiereT, J.W.1977b. Juvenile leaves in Oklanoma Marsilea (Marsileaceae). Sida 7:218-219. THieret, J.W. 1977c. Life-forms in the Michigan flora. Michigan Bot. 16:27-33. THiereT, J.W. 1977d. The Martyniaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. THieRET, J.W. 1979. Hyptis mutabilis (Labiatae) in southeastern United States. Sida 8: 202-209. TiereT, J.W. 1980. Louisiana ferns and fern allies. Lafayette Natural History Museum. Pub- lished in conjunction with The University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette. TuiereT, J.W. 1982. The Sparganiaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 63:341-355. THierET, J.W. 1988. The Juncaginaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 69:1-23. TuierET, J.W. 1989. Picea abies (Pinaceae) naturalized in southeastern Minnesota. Sida 13:505. THieRET, J.W. 1993a. Calocedrus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. P. 412. TuHiereT, J.W. 1993b. Pinaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 352-354. THIERET, J.W.1993c. Psilotaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 16-17. THieRET, J.W. 2003a. Arthraxon. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 25.Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. P.677. TuHieret, J.W. 2003b. Calamovilfa. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 25. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 140-144. Tuieret, J.W. 2003c. Coix.In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 25.Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 703-704. THiereT, JW. 2003d. Eremochioa. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 25. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 688-690. THierET, J.W. 2003e. Hackelochloa. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 25. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp.691-693. THieReT, J.W. 2003f. Microstegium. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 25. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp.623-624. THierer, JW. 2003g. Monoanthochloé. |n: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 25. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 28-30. 18 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) TuiereT, J.W. 2005. Agrostemma. Pp. 214-215 In: Flora of North America Editorial Commit- tee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 5. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Tuieret, J.W. and C.M. Atten. 1974. Setaria pallide-fusca (Gramineae) in Louisiana. Castanea 39:290-291. THieret, J.W. and J.R. Bairo. 1985. Thalaspi alliaceum (Cruciferae) in Kentucky and Indiana. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci.46:143-145. Tieret, J.W. and D.M. Branbensure. 1986. Scaevola (Goodeniaceae) in southeastern United States. Sida 11:445-453. Tuieret, J.W. and R.A. Evers. 1957. Notes on Illinois grasses. Rhodora 59:123-124. Tiere, J.W.and S.F.Gtassman. 1958. Grasses new to Illinois and the Chicago Region.Rhodora 60:264. THiereT, J.W., R.L. HARTMAN, and R.K. Rasecer. 2005. Herniaria. In: Flora of North America Edito- rial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 5. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 43-45. THieret, J.W.and J.T. Kartesz. 1997. Lardizabalaceae.In:Flora of North America Editorial Com- mittee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 3. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 293-294. THiereT, J.W. and B.L. Lipscome. 1985. Scaevola sericea Vahl var. taccada (Gaertn.) THiereT and Lipscomb. Sida 11:103. Tuieret, J.W.and J.O. Luxen. 1996. The Typhaceae in the southeastern United States. Harvard Pap. Bot.8:27-56. THiereT, J.W. and R.S. Maptes. 1979. Thelypteris interrupta (Polypodiaceae) new to Louisiana. Iselya 1:55, Tuieret, J.W.,W.A. Nierinc, and N.C. Oumsteao. 2001. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American wildflowers: eastern region, revised edition. National Audubon Soci- ety, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, NY. THieRET, J.W. and R.K. Raseter. 2005a. Corrigiola. In: Flora of North America Editorial Commit- tee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 5. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 48-49, THiereT, J.W. and R.K. Rasever. 2005b. Polycarpaea. In: Flora of North America Editorial Com- mittee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 5.Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 23-25. THieret, J.W.and R.K. Rasever. 2005c. Polycarpon.|n: Flora of North America Editorial Commit- tee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol.5.Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 25-26. THiereT, J.W.and R.K. Raseter. 2005d. Saponaria.In: Flora of North America Editorial Commit- tee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 5. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 157-158. Tuieret, JW. and R.K Raseter. 2005e. Scleranthus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Com- mittee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 5. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. Pp. 149-151. THiereT, J.W.and R.K. Ragecer. 2005f. Vaccaria.|n:Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America, Vol. 5. Oxford Univ. Press, New York and Oxford. P. 156. THOMPSON, JOHN W. THIERET: HIS LIFE AND CAREER 19 Tiere, J.W.and R.L. THompson. 1984. Cleome ornithopodioides (Capparaceae):adventive and spreading in North America. Bartonia 50:25-26. THieret, J.W. and S.B. Younc. 1988. The Kerguelen-cabbage, Pringlea antiscorbutica (Brassicaceae). Econ. Bot. 42:288-291. THompson, R.L.and J.W. THieret. 1986.Alopecuru dinaceus (Poaceae) established in Ken- tucky. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci.47:138. Vincent, M.A. and J.W. THieret. 1987. Thymelaea passerina (Thymelaeaceae) in Ohio. Sida 12:51-54. Wesset, M.V. and J.W. THierer. 2000. Agrimonia (Rosaceae) in Kentucky with notes on the genus. J. Kentucky Acad. Sci.61:146-162. Woopwaro, R.W. and J.W. THieret.1953.A genetic study of complementary genes for purple lemma, palea, and pericarp in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). J. Agronomy 45:182-185. POPULAR SCIENCE ARTICLES Branbensure, D.W. and J.W. THierer. 1999. Phytological peregrinations in West Virginia. The Dawes Arboretum Newsletter 33(1):2-3. BranbensurG, D.W.and J.W. THieret. 2000. Hobnobbing with the Egyptians. The Dawes Arbo- retum Newsletter 34(10):3. BranbdensurG, D.W. and J.W. THieret. 2001. Rafinesque and us. Lloydiana 6(1):4—-9. Reprinted with photographs in: Daweswood 1(2):20-28, 2004. Buppett, Il, G.F. and J.W. THieret. 1981. Squawroot: it toils not. Explorer 23(2):28-29. Buooett, Il, G.F. and J.W. THieret. 1981. Harbinger-of-spring. Explorer. 24(1):24—26. Tiere, J.W. 1955. Dragon's blood. Nature Mag. 48(7):372-374, 388. TuiereT, J.W. 1974. The papaw, Ohio's “tropical” fruit. Explorer 16(3):17-19. TuiereT, J.W. 1975. Long live the seeds. Explorer 17(1):4-7. Tiere, J.W. 1975. Beechdrops—benign parasite. Explorer 16(3):12-14. THierET, J.W. 1977. Consider the foxglove. Explorer 19(1):4—7. THieret, J.W. 1978. Red cedar. Explorer 20(4):26-29. Tiere, J.W. and D.R. Bezanson. 1983. Dutchman’s-breeches and squirrel-corn. Explorer 25(1):8-13. Tiere, J.W. 1996. Incredible edibles: the ginkgo. Lloydiana 1(1):14-16. Tiere, J.W. 1996. Incredible edibles: lupine seeds. Lloydiana 1(3):9-12., THiereT, J.W. 1997. Frankincense and myrrh. Lloydiana 1(4):7-9. Tiere, J.W. 1997. Incredible edibles: durian. Lloydiana 2(2):12-17. Tuieret, JW. 1997. Incredible edibles: insects. Lloydiana 2(4):9-12. THiereT, J.W. 1998. Incredible edibles: teff. Lloydiana 3(2):4-7. THiereT, J.W. 1999. Incredible edibles: corn smut. Lloydiana 4(2):12-16. Tuieret, J.W. 1999. On the trail of Rafinesque. Flora of North America 13(3-4):13. THiereT, J.W. 2005. Kentucky's tropical fruit, the papaw. The Lady-Slipper 20(3):2-3. Ware, T.R.and J.W. THierer. 1987. Boomer of the prairie. Explorer 29(1):7-10. pay JOHN W. THIERET, THE CURATOR Robert F.C. Naczi Claude E. Phillips Herbariur Department aan & nie ee Delaware State University pee Se 9901, U.S.A. raczi@desu.edu John Thieret’s complex and remarkable personality hada way of leaving its mark on all who encountered him; those who met John and came to know him even briefly have rich and lasting memories of him. 1am the one who, in many ways, had to step into John’s shoes soon after his retirement from Northern Kentucky University, where | began my academic career in 1992. Of course, I could never fill John’s shoes, and I soon learned to tell my new-found NKU colleagues on first meeting them that | was occupying the position John had vacated, but | was not John’s “replacement.” Most of the time, I received knowing chuckles in response to such a self-introduction. Occupying the academic appointment John had held also meant I was the first toassume a curatorship for the herbarium that John built. After his arrival at NKU in 1973 as Chairman of the Biology Department, John lost no time in establishing a herbarium there. During my tenure as curator at NKU, John re- mained very active—in effect, John and I served as co-curators of the herbarium for nine years, to my great benefit. This relationship makes me uniquely quali- fied to remember John The Curator, a side of John to which | will limit the rest of my remarks. John strove for excellence in everything concerning the NKU Herbarium. He put his heart and soul into collecting, identifying, labeling, mounting, and filing plant specimens in the herbarium. Though he collected far more speci- mens than most botanists (in the several tens of thousands), he was never in competition with others to beat their collecting records. Rather, he was inter- ested, above all, in quality over quantity. Instead of complaining about the te- dium of pressing plants, typing labels, or gluing specimens on mounting paper, John took sincere pleasure in executing these tasks that many field botanists foist on assistants. Once a specimen was in the herbarium, he insisted on the highest standards for its curation. Many times when I hosted visitors to the NKU Herbarium, or | traveled to use other herbaria in Kentucky, | heard the remark that the NKU Herbarium was the best curated herbarium in the state of Ken- tucky. Within a short time, | came to see for myself that this statement was true. John had a photographic memory, which served him very well as curator. | can best illustrate John’s memory by relating an experience that continues to SIDA 22(1): 21 — 23. 2006 22 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) amaze me. In the late spring of 1996, John entered the herbarium the day after I had returned from a long field trip through the southeastern United States for my research. John found me puzzling over a specimen I had collected. Though I was familiar with most flowering plants present in the springtime in decidu- ous forests of the Southeast, | had found something in one Alabama forest that completely stumped me. | had never seen this species, didn’t know its family, and couldn’t even be sure it was a monocot, though | somehow thought so. Turn- ing to John, | admitted that | didn’t know where to begin with this one, but suspected it was something “really good.” After all, what else could I say to cloak my ignorance? John gazed at my find, hesitated only a moment, didn’t say a word, and marched to one of several bookcases present in the herbarium. There, he removed one issue of one of the many scientific journals for which we had long series. Soon, he produced a photograph, and asked me, “Is this your plant?” With that photograph (Whetstone 1984: 133), I realized 1 had found the rare Croomia pauciflora(Nutt.) Torr. of the obscure family Stemonaceae. In response to my query if he had seen the plant, John responded, “No, but I remembered seeing that photograph appear in this paper many years ago.” When it came to desiderata for the herbarium, John was utterly ecumeni- cal. Whether the lowliest, most inconspicuous, most downtrodden weed or the loftiest tree, John was interested in learning its name, how to identify it, whether it was poisonous, and if he had any specimens of it in the herbarium. His en- thusiasm was infectious and quickly endeared him to other naturalists, par- ticularly in the field. When he encountered a plant species he hadn't seen in several years, he would treat the plant as if he’d run into a long-lost friend. My most recent field trip with John was last April, when he came to Delaware fora brief visit. linsisted on taking him toa nearby racetrack that was full of vernal weeds in all their unmown glory. Within minutes, John showed me Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins, a mustard species he knew well from Kentucky. Further investigation showed it to be previously undocumented for Delaware, though botanists have been hunting green treasure in this state since the earliest 1800s. Such was all in a day’s work if your combination of vast knowledge, keen eye, and unclouded memory were what made John Thieret the unparalleled botani- cal talent he was. — — John was very generous with imparting knowledge it had taken him years to amass. From him, | learned a tremendous amount, and have benefited im- mensely. Though John could be demanding, uncompromising, and prickly at times, he was also uncommonly human. So often when | expressed frustration at ill-prepared students, particularly ineffectual bureaucracy, or the insuffi- ciency of a 24-hour day, John would sigh and remark, “In a hundred years, no one will care a thing about it.” Yet, he cared about curation, cared about her- baria, and cared especially deeply for the NKU Herbarium, one of John Thieret’s great legacies. Hopelully, in a hundred years, people will care about John. NACZI, JOHN W. THIERET, THE CURATOR 23 John Thi llecting herbari i Elko County, Nevada, 11 August 1993. REFERENCE WuetsTone, R.D. 1984. Notes on Croomia pauciflora (Sstemonaceae). Rhodora 86:131-137. JOHN W. THIERET, A STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVE (1967-2005) Robert R. Haynes' Department of Biological Sciences Box 870345 Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0345, U.S.A. It was a sad day 7 December 2005 when I was going through my e-mail and had two from Ron Jones. The first one indicated that John Thieret had suffered a massive brain hemorrhage, and the second one indicated that he had passed away. limmediately called Mrs. Thieret to offer her my condolences. I pointed out that I am now retired and live in rural North Louisiana. Consequently, | check my e-mail less often than while I was still a professor. Thus | had just learned of his illness. That was, by the way, the day he had passed. My first time to meet John Thieret was March 1967. I was in my final se- mester at Louisiana Tech, and he and | had agreed for me to attend The Univer- sity of Southwestern Louisiana (now University of Louisiana at Lafayette), where he was then employed, and to study under his direction for a master’s degree in plant systematics. Dr. Thieret at the time had a grant from NSF to prepare a Flora of Louisiana. Howard Clark, a graduate student at the time, and Dr. Thieret came to Louisiana Tech and took me on a weekend field trip to Northeastern Louisiana. We met about 6:00 a.m. at Carson Taylor Hall, the building that housed the Botany and Microbiology Department. Dr. Thieret had a truck with a camper that would sleep three people, which he had purchased with the NSF monies. In the rear of the camper were a few plants of flowering Sanguinaria canadensis (Papaveraceae), which they had collected the previous afternoon. That was my first time to see the species other than by herbarium specimen. During our weekend field trip, we visited quite a few beautiful deciduous forests, most with spring wildflowers. In particular we found Trillium (Liliaceae) (I cannot remember the species, and | am sure that John Freeman has since named that one diff ly than what Thieret would have called it). Again, that was my first experience with Trillium. The manner we used for locating good collecting habitat was to examine topographic maps and find areas with con- siderable relief. | thought at the time that we were quite fortunate in locating habitat. Since then I have learned much about field work, and | know that an excellent field botanist, such as John Thieret, has a sense for determining from topographic maps where good habitat might be. I began to learn the personality of John Thieret that weekend. He was con- Present Address: PO. Box 146, Athens, Louisiana 71003, U.S.A. SIDA 22(1): 25 — 31. 2006 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) stantly smiling, making jokes, telling stories, and teaching. From that weekend to the day he died, he was always teaching whenever | was in his presence. George Fisher, who was a graduate student at Tech in 1967, and | went to Lafayette later that spring for a collecting trip to the Florida parishes with Thieret. | realized more about his practical jokes early on that trip. We followed his directions to the USL campus and Biology Building where he was awaiting our arrival. He asked us to follow him to his house where his cam per/truck was parked. He started home and took us through more back roads (all dirt) than one can imagine. When we arrived at his house (on a paved road of course), he got out of his car laughing saying he just wanted to have some fun. By following the paved road, one could get from the USL campus to his house in half the a time it took us! The Florida parish trip had a profound effect on my botanical career. In western Washington Parish, we collected a pondweed that Thieret called Potamogeton nodosus (Potamogetonaceae). | did not question him at all. During my first semester at USL, Dr. Thieret brought out the specimen and asked me to determine it. | said you called it P nodosus. He said that now he was not certain about that determination. I keyed out the specimen and consistently arrived at Potamogeton epihydrus, which was not supposed to be in Louisiana. I looked at the distribution, and it was known no closer than North Carolina at the time. | went to him, and he said that is what he determined the specimen to be also. That began a lifelong study of the genus Potamogeton. The fall of 1967 entered the graduate program at USL. Dr. Thieret had three other graduate students at the time, Howard Clark, Alex Lasseigne,and Billy Dan Hinton. Howard was working on the Lemnaceae of Louisiana, Alex was study- ing the Fabaceae (we called it Leguminosae at the time) of Louisiana, and Billy Dan was studying Parietaria (Urticaceae). | have always been interested in aquatic vascular plants, and my plans were to undertake a study of Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) of Louisiana. Dr. Thieret began going through his literature and correspondence and learned that Peter Taylor of Kew had undertaken a study of Utricularia of North America and he, Dr. Thieret, did not want me to duplicate any study underway. Therefore, my future in the Lentibulariaceae came to an abrupt end. We talked about several genera, none of which really interested me, and we finally settled on Conopholis (Orobanchaceae), a genus as far from the aquatic environment as possible. As everyone who knows me is aware, I never really left the aquatic environment, however. Dr. Thieret had all of his graduate students work in the herbarium, and, current graduate students would find this hard to believe, without pay. We mounted and filed specimens, pulled specimens for loans, etc. As it turned out, | became the unofficial collections manager. | had closer interactions with Dr. Thieret than others for that reason. Of course, lalways received the blunt of any rage if things did not go just right, even if it was totally out of my control. a HAYNES, JOHN W. THIERET, A STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVE 27 John Thieret loved classical music! He had a phonograph (tapes and CD's did not exist then!) that played in the herbarium much of the time, and he often placed it on one of the herbarium carts and played it in class. Thieret could whistle quite loudly, and he often was going around the biology building whis- tling classical music. Thieret suffered from occasional migraines, and, as lam sure most people with migraines, he was quite moody when he had a migraine. Whenever he was having a mood swing asa result of a migraine, he whistled exceptionally loudly. We graduate students learned to get out of the way whenever we heard that extremely loud whistling. In fact, if | was unusually late arriving in the morning and heard that whistle, I just went right on out of the building to a grill that was just off campus. All other graduate students had learned the rou- tine, and we all met at the grill for coffee until we thought the whistling had ceased. (I told him about our coffee excursions during a trip he and I made out West in 1998. He was totally unaware of these excursions, or so he said.) Without question, John Thieret was an editor, an excellent editor. I never will forget the first draft of my thesis. 1 proudly gave it to him, and it soon re- turned looking as if a chicken had stepped into red ink and then walked all over my manuscript! I learned from him to be much more careful when writ- ing and speaking. He had many favorite sayings, but one that | remember very well was related to editing. It is “consistency is next to godliness.” He said, be consistent; if you are incorrect at least be consistently incorrect! [learned much botany from John Thieret, but one thing in particular was that he did not like the term “pistil.” He said that it was an ambiguous term and that carpel was a much better term. | adopted his argument and never used or taught pistil after that. In courses that I taught, | always had to explain to the students why I did not use the term pistil regardless that it was in the text. John Thieret eventually became an editor for Flora of North America, and the edito- rial board adopted the term pistil over carpel. 1am sure it was difficult for him to accept such a change, but he did. As it turned out, he was the taxon editor for the families that I contributed to FNA. He had to fight with me to get me to use the term pistil. I told him why, he agreed, but he said his hands were tied. I told him I was not going to type in the word pistil, but he was welcome to replace carpel with pistil in my manuscripts, which he did reluctantly. One of the courses that Thieret taught at USL was Plant Ecology. I had pre- viously taken such a course, so I did not take it from Thieret. He decided to take the students on a field trip to Western Texas and Eastern New Mexico. He had never been to that area, but I had been there several times, as my in-laws lived in Eastern New Mexico at the time. He asked me where to see habitats, and | told him several areas that would be good. Rather than attempt a trip on his own, he asked me to serve as a guide on the trip. I agreed, and we headed west. We were in the desert scrub west of Sanderson, Texas one afternoon where he 28 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) was talking to the class about Ephedra and other desert scrub plants. | had moved away from the class and was examining closely some Ephedra plants, when he started the class back toward the car. He was moving at his normal pace “full steam ahead and damn the torpedoes” when I heard an awful scream from him. I was 25 feet or more behind the class when | caught him running! He had walked upon a Western Diamond-back Rattlesnake! It was coiled un- der some scrub, and he had almost stepped on it. We stood still (after I settled his nerves) and watched the snake for a few minutes. It finally began to move, and crawled across our path. That was the longest snake that I have ever seen, or so it seemed at the time. Dr. Thieret wanted to show the ecology class, in addition to desert scrub, mountain vegetation, terminating with tree line and above. He asked if such existed in southern New Mexico, and I said I could take him above tree line. He thought it was too far south, and, as he often did, would occasionally throw some joking jabs into the conversation indicating his disbelief. We started to- ward Ruidoso, New Mexico, where | knew there wasa ski resort and the moun- tain went above timberline. As we turned a curve and the mountain came into view, with the alpine tundra and snow cap, he immediately said, “I told you it was here, you just would not believe.” Of course it was a joke, and he used this phrase very often. Unfortunately, the ski lift was closed for the season, so we had to climb up one of the ski runs to timberline. We did so, and enjoyed collecting in the alpine tundra, the first time that | actually ever went above timberline. Howard Clark and Billy Dan Hinton graduated my first year at USL. David Dike came to USL asa graduate student during my second year, and he chose to study the life history of Ottelia alismoides (Hydrocharitaceae), a species intro- duced from Southeast Asia. The species was known to occur in The Pool. Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, south of Lake Charles, LA. Dr. Thieret, David, and I went to Lacassine to plan his study. We were in a small boat in The Pool and were being blown rapidly by the wind. 1 saw something in the water that | did not recognize and made a grasp at it as we were blown by. Remarkably, | grabbed the plant and enough of it was uprooted to make a couple of speci- mens. | looked at the specimen and had no idea what it was. | gave it to Dr. Thieret, and he, too, had no idea what it was. We placed it ina bag and took it back to the lab, where, using Aquatic Plants (of India), I quickly determined it as Blyxa aubertii. Hydrocharitaceae). We had gone to study one introduced aquatic from Southeast Asia and had found a second. We prepared a manuscript to report the species new to North America, which appeared in SIDA later that year. Dr. Thieret sent a duplicate to MICH asa gift, and Ed Voss sent back a letter stating that was the first record from the Western Hemisphere of Blyxa in their herbarium. Thieret immediately sent back a letter indicating that it was our first record also (always a practical joker!). John Thieret mastered a technique for rapidly pressing specimens and re- a HAYNES, JOHN W. THIERET, A STUDENT'S PERSPECTIVE 29 cording the data. While he was working on a Flora of Louisiana, he was collect- ing abundantly all over the State. He had us graduate students (usually me) prepare his pressing papers. All papers were separated and carefully folded. Any that had color printing must be discarded as the color could get on the plants and affect the corolla color. He had the carpentry shop on campus prepare him a box with two compartments, each compartment slightly larger than the size of a folded sheet of newspaper. This box was a permanent fixture in the rear of the camper mentioned above. We graduate students were to divide the folded newspaper into two stacks, one on which we stamped his collection numbers and the other without num- bers. We used the herbarium numbering machine to stamp his collection num- bers on the paper. The numbered stack went into one side of the box, and the unnumbered stack went into the other side. In the field we would collect a batch of specimens and stack them beside the box. Thieret always pressed his collections within a few minutes following col- lecting. After a short time following collection, he would say, “we have a press- ing engagement.” That meant it was time to press plants. He hada tape recorder that he used to record the data, and this tape recorder always rode in the box, with the newspaper serving as padding for it. He would stand in front of the box of papers, record the collecting locality and habitat data, get a numbered paper from top of the stack, read that number into the recorder, record the spe- cies name, and finally record any specific information about the specimen. The first individual was pressed in the numbered paper, and all duplicate speci- mens were pressed in unnumbered papers. It was always this sequence (consis- tency!), so keeping duplicates with the correct number even though they were in unnumbered papers was easy. The field pressing was in a field press, com- posed of six or seven cardboards cinched with a press strap. The full field press stayed in the truck the remainder of the trip, and we transferred specimens toa permanent press upon returning to the lab, often four or five days later. For the evening, we would park wherever he could find acceptable and spend the night. This place may be a roadside park (illegal in Louisiana, but with State plates he always got by with it), state park, etc. One of his favorite places to spend the night was a rural cemetery. He said that no one visited these cemeteries at night, and he would not be bothered. I do not think he ever was. Each night in the field, all of the recorded data were transcribed. He had a por- table typewriter that stayed in the camper, and he would type all data of that day into his loose-leaf field notebook. The recorder then was ready for the next day. Once back at the lab, he had a secretary type labels using his typed field notes. All duplicate labels were photocopied, a practice that probably was not advisable with technology of the day. Also once back at the lab the process of moving specimens from field press to permanent press began. Again, consis- tency was important here! One would always begin at the TOP of the field press, 30 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) never the bottom. (Remember here the numbered paper went into the field press first, followed by unnumbered papers.) Starting from the top, then the unnum- bered papers would go into the press first for a particular collection, with the final sheet of a collection being numbered. Consequently it went on top for that collection number. After all specimens were transferred to permanent presses, then the presses were placed on the driers, which were in the work area of the greenhouse. Removing the specimens from the permanent press also required consistency. Always start from the TOP never the bottom. As the press was dis- assembled, the first paper out was numbered, usually followed by one or more unnumbered papers. These unnumbered papers went inside of the numbered one until another numbered paper arrived. This process was repeated until all specimens were out of the press. Using this procedure, regardless if the same species immediately followed itself, the duplicates always stayed together. Af- ter the presses were broken down, the specimens were all placed in a cabinet for unmounted specimens. Collections he made for the Flora of Louisiana project were used as ex- change specimens for the USL herbarium (LAF). Once the unmounted cabinet was full or nearly so, which was once or twice a year, he and I would begin the process of deciding where to send duplicates. He exchanged with 15 or 20 her- baria. We would spread out the numbered paper followed by all of the unnum- bered ones of a collection. The best specimen would go into the LAF stack, and then all others were sorted into one, two, three, four, etc. stacks, one sheet per number per stack, one stack per exchange herbarium. The original label went in the sheet for LAF, and photocopies went with the duplicates. It was my re- sponsibility to get the duplicates all boxed, shipping labels and invoices pre- pared, and get the specimens to the post office. With us sending out thousands of exchange specimens each year, we also received thousands of exchange specimens in return. Thieret and I often made a game of opening the exchange boxes. We would turn the stack so that the labels were face down and both stand there in anticipation. One of us would quickly open the top newspaper, and our game was to see which one could say the name first. He usually won, but I did occasionally - he probably just let me win, however. After I graduated from USL, l attended The Ohio State University, where I earned my Ph. D. under the direction of Dr. Ronald L. Stuckey. While I was at Columbus, Dr. Thieret was hired by Northern Kentucky University, in Alexan- dria, KY to be Chairman of Biological Sciences. John Thieret believed in precision. He always said he was easily pleased with perfection. Once I had completed my Ph.D., Dr. Thieret invited me down to give a seminar at NKU. Since he had known my wife and son while we were in Lafayette, he invited us to stay at his home in Alexandria. He sent directions that stated after crossing the Ohio River in Cincinnati continue south until in- HAYNES, JOHN W. THIERET, A STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVE 31 tersect State Route 27. Then follow State Route 27 to Alexandria. After we crossed the Ohio River, we noticed U. S. 27 a mile or so from the bridge. | told my wife that Dr. Thieret was so precise that he certainly did not mean U.S. 27 since he clearly stated State Route 27 (we had his directions in handl!). We continued south and finally gave up, deciding that he must have meant U.S. 27, which he did. We turned around, found U. S. 27 and followed his directions onto campus. He was outside the Biology Building frantically awaiting our arrival, since it was less than 30 minutes before the seminar was scheduled to begin. His his- tory of precision almost upset the applecart. I saw Dr. Thieret only occasionally after I left Lafayette, although we al- ways kept in touch. Following the start of FNA, where I ran across him mostly was at the Missouri Botanical Gardens, as he was always there just prior to the annual Systematics Symposium for a FNA editorial meeting. In July 1998, he and I made a two week collecting trip to Utah and Nevada. We agreed that I would drive my Jeep SUV and that I would pick him up at the St. Louis airport. I was to bring all of the collecting equipment and floras since | had much more room than he would have. When I met him at the airport, I was surprised to see that he had one small shoulder bag for a two week trip. | asked about his lug- gage. He said this is all I have. Needless to say, I could not image how he was going to get along for two weeks with just that in the small bag (certainly no larger than 3 inches by 9 inches by 15 inches). He said it was less expensive for him to fly from Lexington to St. Louis than from Cincinnati to St. Louis, regard- less that the plane leaving Lexington stopped in Cincinnati prior to arriving at St. Louis and similarly on return. So Mrs. Thieret drove him to Lexington where he caught the plane and flew to St. Louis. His plans were to exit the plane in Cincinnati on the way home rather than go to Lexington. He obviously could not get his luggage if it was checked to Lexington, so he had to take aboard everything he needed. I stillam amused about his reasoning, although it worked. We had a wonderful time in the mountains and deserts. | collected many aquat- ics, and he collected many grasses (all under my numbers). I bet my friends who know | almost never collect grasses could not imagine why so many ap- peared under my numbers! Regretfully, the last time I ever saw him was when | left him at the airport in St. Louis after that wonderful two weeks. | did talk with him occasionally, and we did often exchange e-mails, but | was never in his presence again. [regret that we were unable to get together for eight years prior to his death. We had planned another collecting trip, this one to Northern Minnesota. My mother, however, became seriously ill, and we had to cancel that excursion. Few people have affected my life the way John W. Thieret did. We certainly had some rocky times when I was handling the herbarium at USL, but we had many, many wonderful times together, which completely obliterate any rocky times we might have had. JOHN W. THIERET, VALUABLE BOTANICAL FRIEND (1965-2005) Ronald L. Stuckey Emeritus Professor of Botany Herbarium, Museum of Biological Diversity Ohio State University 1315 Kinnear Road Columbus, Ohio 43212-1192, U.S.A. John W. Thieret was one of my valuable botanical friends, and his loss through death is now clearly becoming a reality. Il received notice of his death on 7 De- cember 2005 from a short morning telephone conversation from his zoological colleague, Tom Rambo of Northern Kentucky University. Tom has been known to me since his graduate school days when he was studying ornithology. We were together during summers at The Ohio State University’s Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory Biological Field Station in western Lake Erie on Gibraltar and South Bass Islands, at the town of Put-in-Bay, Ohio. My recollections of John Thieret are based on facts that I have obtained from my correspondence with him, students of mine that have taken his Field Botany class that he taught at the Stone Laboratory, my interactions with him as an editor for Sida and book review editor for Economic Botany, and other recollections I have of him during our 40 years of working together. In 1965, | had completed my doctoral dissertation on The Taxonomy and Distribution of the Genus Rorippa (Cruciferae) North America, a group of yel- low-petaled plants in the mustard family, commonly referred toas marsh cress. I received the Ph. D. degree at graduation on 1 May 1965 at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and arrived in Columbus in September of that year to begin my career as an assistant professor of botany at The Ohio State Univer- sity. | believe I had heard of the name John W Thieret, as a botanist who had been in the Chicago area, but now was teaching and conducting research at the University of Southwestern Louisiana at Lafayette. John W. Thieret, Rorippa, and Ronald L. Stuckey (1965-1966) A letter dated 3 December 1965 arrived addressed to me, the short text which stated: We note with interest that you are carrying on work with Rorippa. May we send to you our speci- mens of this taxon for annotation? Most of the material in our herbarium consists of Louisiana plants collected during extensive field work over the past several years in connection with our state flora project SIDA 22(1): 33 — 49. 2006 34 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) I responded on 7 December (exactly 40 years earlier on the same day of his death) telling him that I would annotate his specimens of Rorippa, and on 28 January 1966 | signed the loan form for 31 specimens and one to retain. Upon returning the loaned specimens, I wrote in my letter to him of 1 March 1966 offering to write a key to the species of Rorippa that grow in Louisiana, as John was pre- paring a flora of that state. | also noted that my dissertation was not yet pub- lished, and therefore some new names and/or combinations were not yet valid. John’s immediate reply of thanks for my annotations on the specimens was re- ceived a few days later. The letter concluded with “Let us know if we can ever be of help to you. We are always willing to loan or to try to collect specimens for those who ask...” John W. Thieret and Robert R. Haynes (1968-1969) Robert R. Haynes was a graduate student of who worked in the Herbarium un- der John Thieret’s direction. Bob also earned a masters degree at the University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette with a thesis, titled “A Monograph of the Genus Conopholis (Orobanchaceae),” completed in May 1969. Robert was re- ally more interested in aquatic vascular plants, and he wanted to study pond- weeds in the genus Potamogeton but, of course, no Ph. D. program was offered in biology or botany at the University of Southwestern Louisiana. He sought Thieret’s advice, who told him that a young professor by the name of Ronald L. Stuckey in the Department of Botany at The Ohio State University might be a place where he could study these narrow-leaved pondweeds. Robert R. Haynes, Potamogeton, and Ronald L. Stuckey (1968-1973) Bob’s first letter dated 12 October 1968, came to me with the following request: A f This spring I hope to receive a Master of Sci the University of Southwestern Louisi- ana.I plan to begin work this summer toward a Detar of Philosophy degree in plant systematics and am considering Ohio State University as a possible school. My main interests lie in aquatic plants. = Pret — | would like to do some biosystematic work in the genus Potamogeton subsection Pusilli m writing to inquire if there is any possibility of working under your direction and of oe oe the financial aid that will be necessary if lam to continue my studies By this time Bob had in press his paper on the “Potamogeton in Louisiana” (Proc. Louisiana Acad. Sci. 31: 82-90. 1968). The first paragraph of my reply to Bob on 22 October 1968 stated: Itisa pleasure to learn of your interest in beginning a program toward a Doctor of Philosophy degree in plant systematics at The Ohio State University. | am also pleased to learn of your interests in aquatic plants, particularly in the ge- nus Potamogeton. My letter continued explaining that | was “primarily interested in floristic and phytogeographical problems in aquatic and shore plants.” | acknowledged that his interest in aquatic plants would fit into our program. I mentioned the avail- STUCKEY, JOHN W. THIERET, VALUABLE BOTANICAL FRIEND 35 ability of teaching assistantships, and asked Bob that he send a summary of his course work, his graduate Record Examination Scores, and asked the Graduate School Admissions Office to send him application forms and instructions. John W. Thieret’s letter of recommendation for Bob’s graduate work has not been lo- cated and probably no longer is extant. Bob's application for Graduate School, after review by the Graduate Committee in the Department of Botany, initially was not favorable for accepting him. John W. Schmit, chairman of the committee and I, with the permission of the Committee, agreed to give Bob a trial period, and asked him to enroll in the 10-week summer field program, taking a maxi- mum of four courses at the Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory. Bob completed this work during the summer of 1969 and earned Ass in all four courses. He then re- turned to Louisiana where he was a teacher at Cecila Jr High School in Cecila. In the fall of 1969, Department Chairman Schmitt and College Dean Rich- ard H. Behning agreed that I needed more permanent help with my responsi- bilities as Curator of The Ohio State University Herbarium. The position of Assistant Curator was established. The first person appointed to the position had to leave at the conclusion of the fall 1969 quarter, and with the position vacant, I called Robert R. Haynes to see if he would accept that responsibility. From February 1970 to June 1971 he was the Assistant Curator in the OSU Her- barium, and from September 1971 to June 1973 he held teaching assistantships. Bob completed his dissertation in June 1973 on “A Revision of North American Potamogeton Subsection Pusilli (Potamogetonaceae),” which was published in Rhodora 76: 564-649. 1975. Bob remained in Columbusat The Ohio State Univer- sity for the academic year 1973-1974 and was an instructor in botany teaching General Botany for three quarters and Local Flora during the summer quarter. Bob developed a career as a professor teaching plant taxonomy, advising graduate students, curating a herbarium—all of which concluded with his re- tirement in May 2005 from the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. His major work on Potamogeton and related genera is published in the Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 22: 3-94. 2000. John W. Thieret and the Stone Laboratory (1970-1971) In 1956 a new summer teaching program was developed at the FT. Stone Labo- ratory under newly appointed Director Dr. Loren S. Putnam, ornithologist of The Ohio State University. In the new system, Dr. T. Richard Fisher of the De- partment of Botany taught two 5-week courses, Field Botany during the first term and Higher Aquatic Plants during the second term. I had the privilege of attending the Stone Laboratory and took the Field Botany course from him in the summer of 1959. Since that time I kept in contact with Dr. Fisher, who later was responsible for my joining the faculty of The Ohio State University in the fall of 1965. Among my responsibilities eventually was to teach at the Stone Laboratory, and that opportunity surprisingly came the following summer 36 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) when I taught Field Botany. During the 1967 season I taught the Aquatic Plants course. Then in 1968 Fisher left the University to become chairman of the Bio- logical Sciences Department at Bowling Green State University in Ohio. Dr. Put- nam, who hada budget for the courses at the Laboratory, and in agreement with chairman Schmit of the Department of Botany, chose to hire a non-OSU teacher for the Field Botany course in 1969 and 1970. That arrangement was to allow me to have more time to develop a research program studying the aquatic vas- cular plants of western Lake Erie, instead of teaching both courses as Dr. Fisher had done since 1956. Putnam also preferred to have non-OSU professors teach- ing two consecutive summers and then change to a different teacher. Putnam relied on my advice in these situations and asked whom we might hire to teach the Field Botany course during the summer of 1971. At the time Robert Haynes was the Assistant Curator of the OSU Herbarium, and | asked him for sugges- tions. Naturally he suggested John W. Thieret, and I reported to Putnam with this recommendation From Putnam | soon knew that Thieret was hired to teach Field Botany, and a letter of 9 November 1970 came to me from Thieret: Ive just spoken with Dr. eee epenaine Put-in-Bay next summer. Lasked him to suggest someone to whom I could writ rsyll abus or what-have e-you u for Botany 610, Field Botany; the text or texts ‘ised: class ne pies ocalities; etc.; etc.; etc. In response to my question, he suggested your name. Thus you are the chosen victim. John followed with four questions that concerned the course outline, the text- book used, class procedure, and good field localities to see and collect plants. In regard to the latter item he wrote: | must admit that lam a bit panicked by the thought of trying to find enough such localities on a one island. (A bit more limited area than lam used to at Lake Itacsa, you know. | mean “Itasca.”).. n certainly looking forward to trying my hand at Put-in-Bay. Maybe I'll even be given the shandees meet you. Best wishes. And please give my regards to Bob Haynes. My three and one-half page letter of 17 November 1970 followed. It began: lam very pleased to learn that you are going to be with us teaching Botany 610 (Field Botany), this summer at Stone Laboratory. Your letter of 9 November, full of questions is at hand, and I'll try to answer them as best I can. I took the field botany course at Stone Lab in 1959 and taught it once, in 1966. Since then I have been developing and teaching the aquatic plant course which meets every other summer and to develop a research program around the theme of the changing flora of the islands and of the aquatic situations that we find in the area. My letter continued by giving John some statements about the kinds of students that take the course and their knowledge of plants. I noted that the course prima- rily concerned the flowering plants, that Clara G. Weishaupt'’s Vascular Plants of Ohio was the book used, and that I had an outline of the course with various procedures that I would mail him. Then I wrote a long statement about class field — STUCKEY, JOHN W. THIERET, VALUABLE BOTANICAL FRIEND 37 trips, assuring him that he would have plenty of plants and ample places to take students. With reference to field work, ladded a statement about taking field trips by boat to the various islands in Lake Erie and to the Ohio mainland. My letter concluded with comments on the available library resources, labo- ratory supplies for the course, materials for pressing and drying collected plants, and the information sheets, more commonly known then as “handouts,” that I used in the 1966 Field Botany course. The latter I offered to mail to him. I con- cluded the letter about my own projected plans for the up-coming summer. I will be at the Laboratory all summer myself. ie Hise term neal be for research, at which time I will be spending most oot myt time writing. Hopefully, he “Flora of the Erie Islands,” and | the “Origin, Changes, and Geo- graphical Relationships of the Acuane and Matsh Flora of Nestea a Erie and Northwestern Ohio.” During the second term I will k | lam looking forward very h to your coming to Stone Lab next summer. Please do not hesitate to write if you have further questions. I hope the above comments will be helpful to you. John did not hesitate to send a return letter, dated 20 November 1970. It began, “I certainly thank you for your long letter—and all the useful data therein. Be- lieve me, your help is deeply appreciated.” After commenting on the various items | had mailed him, he concluded his letter saying, “After I've gone over all the material thoroughly, I'll let you know if any other questions arise.... Thanks a lot for all your fine help.” John continued his pursuit concerning the 1971 summer program at the Stone Laboratory, and on 19 January 1971, he wrote to Director Putnam, greet- ing him with: Dear Puttie: I note in your bulletin for summer 1970 that you had, in 1969 a series of talks—a “Special Lecture ae 25 Ca ee ay am not “outstanding” (except in my unrivalled lam noscientist, I still intend, via this letter, to offer to give some sort of a talk this coming summer. I have done quite a bit of botanical field work in Canada’s District of Mackenzie—in the Great Slave Lake region. Asa result of the work, I have a set of slides that some people find interesting, especially when the slides are accompanied by the delight- ful eee presented by humble John. If _ wish such a presentation—let’s call it a travelog— I'd be glad to import my slides to Put-in-Bay this coming June. I'm not at all certain that a travelog by as ee be worth a mention in your 1972 eae of it might fill in an otherwise empty evening on Gibraltar. And besides, I like to talk..Let me know. This letter reveals much of the kind of humor John displayed about himself. Regarding these special lectures, beginning in the summer of 1970, Director Putnam asked me to make arrangements for the special lecture series at the Laboratory. | contacted the potential speakers, prepared the program, hosted their visit, and introduced them when they made their presentations on Thurs- day evenings. Scheduling a special lecture by John W. Theiret was easily ac- complished, and I distributed the lecture schedule with Thieret listed for 13 38 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) July 1971 with the title “The Yellowknife Highway Region, Canada: Flora and Vegetation.” John’s wish to present a lecture was fulfilled, and his lecture title later was listed in the 1972 admissions bulletin. Again, Thieret, Rorippa, and Stuckey (1966-1972) When I completed my dissertation on the genus Rorippa in 1965, it was diffi- cult to locate a journal that would publish a large taxonomic monograph as a single paper or issue of a journal. My advisor, Edward G. Voss, had anticipated that I could retain the entire dissertation as one unit if it were published in the Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. This publication had been inactive for some years, and editor Rogers Mc Vaugh reaffirmed that funds were not available at that time to reactivate it. The conclusion was that 1 would have to look elsewhere to publish my dissertation. Edward G. Voss held in high regard the taxonomic knowledge of Lloyd H. Shinners of Southern Methodist University. When Lloyd taught the field tax- onomy course in the summer of 1952, at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, Ed was his graduate teaching assistant and from then on grew a close botanical relationship and great respect for each other. In 1962, at SMU Shinners began publishing a private taxonomic journal named Sida, and Ed suggested that | might contact Dr. Shinners regarding publication of my Rorippa monograph. I then proceeded to correspond with Shinners about my study of Rorippa, and during 1966 I extracted and published two short papers taken from my dissertation. They were “The distribution of Rorippa sylvestris (Cruciferae) in North America” (Sida 2:361-376. 1966), and Rorippa walteri and R. obtusa synonyms of R. teres (Cruciferae)” (Sida 2:409-418. 1966). During 1967 through 1969, I revised my monograph on Rorippa, and on 5 December 1969, I wrote to Dr. Shinners asking if he would publish my Rorippa study in Sida. He enthusi- astically responded on 9 December 1969, and told me to send the manuscript to him after Christmas. A letter of 26 March 1970 confirmed that he had accepted the manuscript, whose “bulk is a bit appalling.” | heard nothing further from Shinners until I learned of his death of 16 February 1971. The future status of Sida was in doubt, and therefore the publication of my Rorippa monograph also was in doubt. Later on 15 March 19711 wrote, I wrote Dr. William FE Mahler, who was Shinners replacement, thanking him for his letter of 3 March 197] which indicated that publication of Sida would be continued and that addi- tional work was to proceed on my Rorippa monograph. “I am pleased that you have selected Dr. Thieret to go over my manuscript in preparation for its publication...As you may know Dr. Thieret will be at our University for 5 weeks this summer teaching at Stone Laboratory. | will be there at the same time and can work with him on the manuscript.” In April 1971, John and I began a correspondence on the preparation of the Rorippa monograph for publication in Sida. Together, John and I discussed the STUCKEY, JOHN W. THIERET, VALUABLE BOTANICAL FRIEND 39 Rorippa manuscript while both of us were at the Stone Laboratory. Later in the year John wrote me letters on the progress of the editing which continued into 1972. John’s letter of 11 January 1972 stated: When I finish with the ms., I shall return it to Mahler. I have just been asked to serve as Associate Editor of Sida—which is just what I’ve been doing all along! By April John had sent the edited Rorippa manuscript to Mahler, and the latter replied to me, 13 April 1972, that my “manuscript is already at the printers.” Thieret received the galley proof sheets and then sent them on to me for read- ing. Together that summer at Stone Laboratory, John and I read the galley sheets. Page proofs came on 25 July 1972, according to Mahler's letter to me, on 8 Au- gust 1972. lreturned the final page proofs, and by 27 September, | was complet- ing the transaction to purchase 200 copies of my study of Rorippa. My mono- graph, “The Taxonomy and Distribution of the genus Rorippa (Cruciferae) in North America” appeared in Sida 4(4):279-430. 1972. John W. Thieret was listed as the associate editor and William F. Mahler as the copyright owner. Had it not been for Thieret entering the situation, my monograph might never have been published. I owed hima great debt of gratitude for his unselfish help in editing my publication. Again, Thieret and Stone Laboratory (1972) In the summer of 1972, Thieret returned to the Stone Laboratory and again taught Field Botany. This summer he had prepared a book of mimeographed course handouts that were to be given to each student. Nearly everything that John wrote had some humor associated with it. At the bottom of the Table of Contents page was the notation, HAVE YOU THANKED A GREEN PLANT TODAY? y masters student David L. Moore took the course from Thieret that sum- mer. At that time also, David was studying the changes, since 1895, in the aquatic vascular plant-flora of East Harbor State Park, Ottawa County, Ohio (Completed 1973; portion published in Ohio J. Sci. 76:78-86. 1976). David later in 1976 earned the Ph.D. degree from The Ohio State University by studying the distribution of freshwater algae in northeastern Ohio with Dr. Clarence E. Taft. Since then David has taught botany courses in the Department of Biology at Utica College of Syracuse University, Utica, New York. Beginning in 1993, he returned to the Stone Laboratory and has taught the aquatic plants course every summer ex- cept 2005. The course was not taught that summer. In response to my request for information about John Thieret’s 1972 Field Botany class, David provided the following three paragraphs: As | retrieved an OSU soft cover binder from my office shelf, | was reminded of the passage of 34 years by the yellowed, brown- edged, | hand-written pa ages! ies summer 1972 Field B otany Course W ith Dr. Joka ae came pac tome as | iad SS the pages of notes. We learned a total of 19] taxa in those five 25 plant families. Indeed it was the first time I had ever seen floral formulae and floral ae My favorite plant was Matricaria matricarioides, the Pine- 40 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) apple Weed, which Dr. Thieret picked by the docks and gleefully crushed in his palm so we could sniff the fragrance of fresh pineapple. At the first class session Dr. Thieret went over the syllabus. Everyone laughed when he referred to examinations as “mental enemas.” I will always remember the cover of his mimeographed course handouts which he provided to us that first day. The front page pictured Shiva Nataraja, the Hidu Lord of the Dance ona Nuphar advena leaf which protruded from the fruit of Nelumbo lutea. In the right rear hand was a leaf of Rhus toxicodendron (Poison Ivy) while in her left rear hand was an Aescylus glabra leaf (Buckeye). The afternoon of July 8 was my first trip to Pelee Island. It was probably one of the highlights of the session, and where I first saw Populus grandidentata and Diplotaxis. | still don’t know if it was D. tenuifolia or D. muralis. At the end of the session, just before the final exam, Dr. Thieret read a poem he had composed on the porch of Bayview House where he and his family lived. In it he dedicates a verse to each of the students in the class. After he read it he gave each of us a two page mimeographed copy on yellow paper. I kept my copy in my notebook after we finished the course. | retyped it with the same spelling, punctuation and format that he used except that I placed it in two columns. There is one misspelling left intact - “cannister”- and the two lower case letters which should have been capitalized. All of his “poetic license was retained). | have selected the following six verses of John’s poem, titled “Botany 610 In RHYM, Summer 1972,” for publication here: BoTANy 610 IN RuHyYM SUMMER 1972 This is the forest primeval That lovely young Madchen Miss Schiller The murmuring Acer and Celtis is is the class that beneath it Romped cheerfully after their Leader. This is the class below pictured In verses rhythmic, poetic. ‘Twas a pleasure to watch Mr. Moore Whose knowledge of plants was not poor. Like an eye-talian barber He combs over east Harbor And there gave Fearless Leader a tour. And now it is time for Miss Kneller [tried hard this plant world to sell ‘er. By selling my wares lincreased her cares. So often “Work hard, dear” Id tell ‘er. With plant names | really did fill ‘er. But a turtle so cool She found ina pool Was really, | think, what did thrill ‘er. There goes that bold man Rick McGill Out He works day and night Wit And does get his plant press quite fill. ora botanical kill. vallof his might And last, but not least, Fearless Leader. Whose disciples learned oak, elm, and cedar. How oft, on The Rock He did gather his flock And exhort them there, much like old Peter. STUCKEY, JOHN W. THIERET, VALUABLE BOTANICAL FRIEND 41 At the conclusion of the poem, John wrote, “... presented with thanks and appreciation to my Stone Lab Students. Long may they flower!” The verse pertaining to Rick McGill is noteworthy as he was working with me for his master’s degree making acom- parison of the vascular plant flora of the two lakes in northern Champaign County, Ohio (completed 1973; not pub- lished). Field Botany, Course Handouts Summer 1993, John W. Thieret, Tom Duncan, and the “Flora of the Erie Islands” (1972-2005) Tom Duncan, an undergraduate major- ing in education and working asa teach- ing assistant in chemistry at the The Ohio State University, introduced him- self to me during his sophomore year in the early spring of 1968. Later that spring he accompanied me on field trips learning the local flora, and in the spring of 1969 he began working as an assistant under my direction in the OSU Her- barium. That summer I invited Tom to serve as my research assistant at the FT. Stone Laboratory. He continued to serve part-time as my research assistant on the Flora of the Erie Islands until he graduated at the end of the fall quarter 1970. Tom continued working on the Flora manuscript from 1971 through 1973 while he was a graduate student at the University of Mighican. He earned his Ph. D.in Botany there in 1976 and was employed as an assistant professor botany beginning 1 July 1976 at the University of California, Berkeley. He was granted tenure there in 1982, was the Director of the Herbarium 1982-1991, then be- came Director of the Museum Informatics Project until his retirement in 2002 as an associate professor emeritus at age 54. I first met John W. Thieret in July 1972 at the Franz Theodore Stone Labo- ratory on Gibraltar Island in Lake Erie. John was at Stone Laboratory for the summer to teach Field Botany. I was visiting Stone Laboratory for a few days to discuss with Ronald L. Stuckey progress on the preparation of our manuscript titled The Flora of the Erie Islands: Its Origin, History, and Change. Stuckey initiated a project on the flora of the Erie Islands in the mid-60s. In 1969, I undertook a project as his research assistant on the changes in the flora of the seven small islands in western Lake Erie (The Michigan Botanist 9:175- 200. 1970), and was invited to collaborate on the more inclusive project in 1970. Cover page of John W. Thieret’s Field Botany, Course Handouts, Summer 1972. 42 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) By 1972 we were in the initial stages of preparing together a manuscript de- scribing the results of our research. John Thieret was spending his second summer as an instructor at Stone Laboratory. He had become intensely focused on the flora of the islands and was interested in discussing with me the progress to date on my collaboration with Stuckey in this regard. One area we discussed was the lack of information in previous floras about cultivated plants on the islands. Cultivated species are of interest because they are an important source for the adventive and naturalized flora of the islands, are a conspicuous aspect of the flora, and are an important feature of the flora for the residents of the is- lands. John and | concluded that we would undertake a survey of gardens on South Bass Island and compile a list of the cultivated flora for inclusion in the manuscript Stuckey and | were preparing on the total flora. We spent a day wandering the roads of South Bass Island stopping at houses and asking local residents if we could examine and record the names of the plants in their gardens. With a copy of Liberty Hyde Bailey’s Manual of Culti- vated Plants (1949), in hand, we were able to prepare a preliminary list of plants. Ultimately this list included 258 taxa. John often stated that our field trip on South Bass Island that day was one of his favorite memories of his time at Lake Erie. After our initial meeting in 1972 we continued to correspond and talk on the telephone about the progress of the flora manuscript. In 1982 John brought the nomenclature of our list of cultivated plants up to date using Hortus Third (1976), the nomenclatural ref- erence for cultivated plants at that time. In his letter of 3 February 1982 he con- cluded by saying, “best wishes from John. I wish we could wander over South Bass Island again. Fun, fun, fun.” Whenever | think of these events, lam always reminded of John’s charm- ing personality, his appreciation of natural history, and his joy in studying plants. His interest in the flora of the Erie Islands continued for over 30 years until the end of his life. Stuckey and I completed our manuscript in 1976 and submitted it to the Ohio Biological Survey for publication. The Survey accepted the manuscript for publication and planned for publication in 1979. John volunteered to serve as editor for the Survey and worked extensively on the manuscript. Unfortu- nately, the Ohio Biological Survey could not publish the manuscript at that time, partially because of the lack of funds, and Stuckey’s involvement with other projects for the Survey. For the next 20 years the manuscript and three edited copies resided in Stuckey’s office with an additional copy in the Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory library. During this period, John continued his interest and frequently asked both Stuckey and me if we would complete the manuscript and find a way to render itin a form for wide distribution. During a visit to The Ohio State University in — STUCKEY, JOHN W. THIERET, VALUABLE BOTANICAL FRIEND 43 1999, Stuckey and I discussed what might be done to resurrect the manuscript, complete it with all editorial suggestions incorporated, and either publish it or distribute it electronically. John was enthusiastic about this turn of events and offered his services to help us in any way he could. Progress in this direction was made but no definite arrangements about a means of distribution had been made by the time of John’s death. We are investigating the possibility of distributing it through the digital Knowledge Bank at The Ohio State University. Ronald L. Stuckey and | are de- termined tocomplete this task to honor John’s long-standing interest in the Erie Islands, and we plan to dedicate the completed flora to him. Thieret and Stuckey’s Promotion (1972) Later in the year 1972, John made an important contribution to my career. He wrote a letter, dated 19 October, supporting my promotion to full professor in The Ohio State University. Addressed to Botany Department Chairman John A. Schmitt, it was short and to the point, quoted here in its entirety: It seems to me that Dr. Stuckey has shown himself to be a competent and indefatigable researcher. His frequent publications attest to his capabilities not only as an “original researcher” but asa skilled synthesizer of the work of others. [PS] John: This is a trite, trivial, and, for me, traumatic letter. | simply cannot rise to greater heights. Even though the subject is worthy of those greater heights. Jlohn Again, Thieret and Stone Laboratory (1974, 1977, 1981, 1983, 1986) After 18 years as Director of the Stone Laboratory, Putnam retired following the summer session of 1973, and College Dean Richard H. Bohning appointed Dr. Charles E. Herdendorf to succeed him. Now Professor and Director Emeritus, Herdendorf, on 23 March 2006, provided his remembrances of John Thieret, briefly reviewing the succeeding summers John taught Field Botany at the Labo- ratory—a total of seven summers over a 15 year period. I first met Dr. John W. Thieret, in 1971 at the Stone Laboratory where he was teaching a summer course in Field Botany, and I was beginning to organize the newly founded Center for Lake Erie Area Research (CLEAR) at the Laboratory. The next year we both served on the summer faculty of Stone Laboratory, Dr. Thieret again teaching Field Botany, while I taught Physical Limnology. Finan- cial constraints in 1973 caused the cancellation of classes at the Laboratory, but by 1974 I had assumed the duties of Laboratory Director, and Dr. Thieret was invited again to teach field botany. In 1974, Dr. Thieret and his class also par- ticipated in a CLEAR research project titled Ecological Analysis Related to the Proposed Seawall Improvement and Ground Rehabilitation Project at Perry’s Vic- tory Monument, Put-in-Bay, Ohio. Dr. Thieret returned to Stone Laboratory to teach Field Botany in 1977, 1981, 1983, and 1986. On June 30, 1983, he also par- ticipated in the Stone Laboratory Guest Lecture Series by presenting a seminar titled The Muskegand |: Exploring for Plants in Canada’s Northwest Territories. 44 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Other than his account of the boreal plants along the new Yellowknife High- way, one of his most memorable descriptions was that of the voracious infesta- tion of black flies encountered around Great Slave Lake. John Thieret is fondly remembered for his dry sense of humor and fascinating stories of field experi- ences. Some of his students may have found him to be excessively demanding, but all received a quality introduction to the study of Field Botany. I was not present at the Stone Laboratory in the summer of 1977, but my masters graduate student John R. Wehrmeister attended and took the Field Botany course from Theiret. Student Wehrmeister was researching the ecologi- cal life cycle of the pondweed Potamogton crispus in North America (completed 1978; published in part The Michigan Botanist 31:3-16. 1992). In 1981, Mr. Wehrmeister earned an M.D. degree from the Medical College of Ohio in To- ledo, and he has had a successful career as a physician in the practice of inter- nal medicine in the Maumee-Toledo, Ohio, area. In reply to my request, he wrote the following commentary: lam pleased to offer thoughts about Dr. Theiret. His personality and teaching style has had a lasting 1m act on me. | had heard Dr. Thieret give a lecture on the botany of the Northwest Territories,Canada = > pane was a student at the University of Michigan Biological Station at Pellston. Dr. Theiret was a visiting faculty member there in 1975, but I did not get to know him that summer. Later in 1977, while studying at The Ohio State University, I took his Field Botany course at the Stone Laboratory. Following the course, in late August and early September, my friend Ed Toth, and | accompanied Dr. Thieret on a plant collecting trip to Louisiana, and upon returning, visited with him at his home in Highland Heights, Kentucky. Thoughts of him are full of fond memories. He was a delightful man, a favorite but serious teacher, and a scholar with a great sense of humor. Memory of his facial expression includes what seemed to be a permanent grin. “Dr. Thieret anecdotes” were the order of the day among his students. Good-natured though he was, in contrast he was strongly serious in the classroom. With some embar- rassment | remember being admonished by him for the poor effort | showed in mounting herbarium specimens for an early class project. At my request Dr. Theiret wrote a letter of recommendation for some job or school position to which I'd applied. He thereupon sent mea purported carbon copy of the letter which, perhaps needless to say, was far from complementary. Luckily this was one of his pranks. The real letter contained the usual laudatory comments. A few additional observations of Theiret’s summers at the Stone Labora- tory are noteworthy. By 1981, he had modified the “Course Handouts” book. On the cover that summer was a branch showing the leaves of the hackberry tree, one of the most common trees that grew on the shallow limestone and dolo- mite bedrock. On page 4 was the quotation, “The beginning of wisdom is to call things by their right names.—Oriental proverb.” In his course the students only were required to learn the scientific names of the plants. I did not agree with him; rather I taught students to learn both the STUCKEY, JOHN W. THIERET, VALUABLE BOTANICAL FRIEND 45 John W. Thieret’s Field Botany Class at the F.T. Stone ii etal eke rarer in oe Dare eee quarry on Kelley ‘s Island, Erie County, Ohio, by Ronald L. Stuckey, Ju uly hn W. Thieret, George F, Buddell, IL, assistant; five men students, in alphabetical ne not matched to individual i in the ie Ron Baker, Doug Brewer, John George, Mark Harrell, and Dan Wojta scientific and common names, which would allow them to communicate with persons of many different educational backgrounds and professions. His edito- rial style gave me concern also, but I never discussed it with him. He continu- ally overused the dash, which therefore changed my writing style. I also be- came annoyed when he was editing the “Flora of the Islands.” | often listed several plants in sequence. He would change the sequence by aligning them in alphabetical order. My choice of sequence usually was to list them from the most common or typical to the less common in a particular habitat. My align- ment was ecological related as to where the plants grew. Plants do not grow in places alphabetically, but he apparently was not aware that my order of the plants also had a meanin John liked to talk as he himself has written. During two other summers he gave a presentation in the Guest Lecture Series, on 19 July 1977 and 30 June 1983. Both times, his title was “The Muskeg and I,” which was just as delightful as it was the first time with the more formal title, when he gave it in the sum- mer of 1971. Andrea Wilson, now Mrs. Matthew Schlageter in the Southeastern Devel- opment Office of The Ohio State University, Bonita Springs, Florida, came in 46 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) the summer of 1982 as Director Herdendorl’s Laboratory Secretary and Admin- istrative Assistant. She knew John Thieret from the 1983 and 1986 summers at the Laboratory. Her statement sent to me 24 March 2006 concisely summa- rizes John’s presence there. | vividly recall Dr. John Thieret as a very kind and thoughtful man. He al- ways had an encouraging word and a smile for everyone. He was devoted to his ne touched. — teaching and research and was well respected by all whose lives His memory will continue to live not only in his publications, but also in the knowledge he shared with his students. Thieret, Book Reviews, and Stuckey (1973-1979) During the five year period of 1973-1979, Thieret sent me books to review for the journal Economic Botany. For 25 years, 1959-1984, John voluntarily served as book editor for Economic Botany. John’s strive for perfection gave the journal “a reputation as having one of the most comprehensive and best edited book review sections of any professional journal. When at times the acid pen of a reviewer might be too harsh on an author, John would always suggest a critical but more even-handed approach.” (W. Hardy Eshbaugh, Economic Botany 38(4): 498. 1984). John usually sent me local flora or plant taxonomy books to review. Ini- tially he sent me two books with a letter dated 24 September 1973. The book titles were A Flora of the White Mountains, California and Nevada by Robert M. Lloyd and Richard S. Mitchell 1973) and The Genus Lesquerella (Cruciferae) in North America by Reed C. Rollins and Elizabeth A. Shaw (1973). Thieret’s suggestions were: QQ Probably the best thing to do so far as the flora is concerned is simply to produce a “notice” of the work. A full-blown “review” is not necessary. If you can get the notice and the review to me in about 3 months or less, I'd be ecstatic. Allot ner 150- 200 words for the flora, about 300 for the mustard opus. Of course, if you fee you really need more—or do not need so many—the final decision is yours. | wrote 10 book reviews for Economic Botany. They and all of my other book reviews are available in my archives at the Hunt Institute for Botanical Docu- mentation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. John wrote his own review about his 25 years as Book Review editor. He considered it as “one singularly devoid of ex- citement.” One colleague, with perhaps a touch of jocularity, called him the “dean among U.S. book review editors” (Economic Botany 40:24-26. 1986). Thieret, Aquatic Plants, and Stuckey (1982-1983) [had forgotten that during the summer of 1983 when John was teaching at the Stone Laboratory, he asked me to review the book manuscript he was complet- ing for the late Ernest O. Beal on the “Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Kentucky.” On 26 August 1983 John wrote: | hope you remember that you have gone over both major sections of the book, ie., the dicots (sum- STUCKEY, JOHN W. THIERET, VALUABLE BOTANICAL FRIEND 47 mer 1982) and the monocots (summer 1983). The comments you made on the monocots were (as were those on the dicots) gratefully peceveds Most of them have been incorporated into the book, | improving same! | appreciate your r prose. I’m working hard on the book, hop- ing to meet a deadline of | November 1983 ibe getting he book to the publisher. Best wishes. I further helped John with the book by writing on 2 September 1983 a support- ing letter for its publication to Richard Hannan of the Kentucky Nature Pre- serves Commission: “Dr. John Thieret has asked me to write in behalf of his manuscript co- authored with the late Dr. Beal on the aquatic and wetland plants of Kentucky. This manuscript is very carefully prepared in all aspects. Dr. Thieret has gone to great lengths to check the accuracy of identifications of specimens seen, the reliability of literature records and citations, and the conciseness and correct usage of technical terminology. His work in this regard is very well done, and adds great credibility to a work of this type. Very few states have books on their aquatic plants, and this book will be a welcome addition to those books on aquatic plants. Perhaps, more important, however, is that this book will be extremely valuable in a state which has no “modern” general flora. Consequently, this book will be a valuable contribu- tion to that “modern” general flora that needs to be generated. Those needing floristic information will at least be able to get current information on aquatic and wetland species. I trust that you find this contribution worthy of publica- tion, as lanxiously look forward to seeing it in print In the book’s acknowledgements by Thieret, my name, along with many others, appears among those who “gave aid during the preparation of this book.” Thieret and Stuckey Since Summers at Stone Laboratory (1996-2005) Since the summer days of the 1970s and 1980s at the Stone Laboratory, most of my contacts with John Thieret have been by telephone, except the following interactions which are noteworthy. When John became editor of the Transac- tions of the Kentucky Academy of Science, [thought he could help me with pub- lishing some of my writings that were nearly completed on the controversial North American botanist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840). | had published several papers on Rafinesque’s botanical studies earlier in my career. Since Rafinesque had held the position of Professor of Botany and Natural His- tory at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, from 1819-1826, my contributions were appropriate for the Kentucky Academy’s publication. With the assistance of my botanical friend, James S. Pringle of the Royal Botanical Gardens in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, we published, with John’s editorial as- sistance, “Common names of vascular plants reported by C.S. Rafinesque in an 1819 descriptive outline of four vegetation regions of Kentucky” Clrans. Ken- tucky Acad. Sci. 58:9-19. 1997). At the Bicentennial Celebration of Rafinesque’s 200 birthday held on the campus of Transylvania University, 21-22 October 48 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) 1983, | spoke on “Opinions of Rafinesque expressed by his American botanical contemporaries” (Bartonia 52:26-41. 1986; reprinted with some changes in Charles Boewe (Profiles of Rafinesque. Chapter 10. 2003). Following that event, and as a contribution toward my studies of the pioneer botanists of the Ohio River Valley, | wrote an extensive manuscript on “Rafinesque’s Botanical Pur- suits in the Ohio Valley 1818-1826).” With John Theiret’s editorial skills, 14 years later this manuscript was completed and published by the Kentucky Academy of Science in its newly titled Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science (59(2):111-157. 1998). John appreciated and was very supportive of my scholarship on the his- tory of nineteenth century North American plant taxonomists and their work. He asked me for a short project he could contribute about Rafinesque in Ken- tucky. | suggested he return to the localities in the state where Rafinesque ob- tained plants that he named as new to science. He was delighted with the idea, and by automobile during a week in July 1999, John and his friend, David M. Brandenburg of the Dawes Arboretum, Newark, Ohio, retraced a botanical ex- cursion that Rafinesque took during 1823 in central and south-central Kentucky, Rafinesque’s itinerary was outlined in his autobiography, Life of Travels 1836), which took him two months to complete on foot. A short description of the Thieret-Brandenburg trip appeared in the Flora of North America Newsletter (13:;G-4). 1999. July-December). David and John wrote the full story of the trip under the title, “Rafinesque and Us” (Lloydiana 6():4-9. 2001). During retirement, my friend George W. Paulson, emeritus professor of medicine in the Medical Center of The Ohio State University, has been writing about early medical practices of the pioneer physicians in the central Ohio area. Among these physicians was Samuel Thomson (1769-1843) who discovered that ear — chemical extracts from the leaves and seeds of the plant, Lobelia inflata, had medical properties that potentially would cure headaches, tinnitus, syphilis, and especially asan expectorant to loosen bronchial congestion. Paulson wanted to write a paper on Thomson, and asked me to help with it since | would know about the Lobelia plant. Most of the paper was written by George, and I edited it, but George could not locate a journal for its publication, so he asked for my help. [thought Lloydiana, a quarterly periodical of articles for the popular au- dience published by the Lloyd Library in Cincinnati, would be an ideal place for its publication. I talked to John Thieret on the telephone and asked him for his review of the article and editorial assistance. John,a member of the Board of Trustees of the Lloyd Library, helped with revision and editing of the article, which appeared in Lloydiana (8(3):2-6. 2004. Summer). Lloyd Library Direc- tor and editor of the periodical noted in her column, “From the Director,” that the Thomson-Lobelia paper was indeed an “interesting article.” John Thieret so ably helped make it possible to be printed in the Lloyd Library newsletter. Nearly every time John and [hada telephone conversation since our teach- —_—_ STUCKEY, JOHN W. THIERET, VALUABLE BOTANICAL FRIEND 49 ing days at the Stone Laboratory, he always asked about progress on the Flora of the Erie Islands, and he wanted me to finish it. | always had to think of some excuse, mostly that I was involved in other more worthwhile projects. Some relief came for me when Tom Duncan returned to my office in 1999, and he agreed to take all of the various components related to the project with him to Berkeley, California. There he has worked on the Flora to reflect our knowledge of it, as it was in the 1970s. Tom wrote of his role in this effort in this paper. For 30 years, from about 1971 to 2001, | was at work preparing another kind of book about South Bass and Gibraltar Islands. Titled “Lost Stories,” the book includes Theresa Thorndale’s “Island Jottings” about selected places on these islands of the 1890s that she published in the Sandusky Register. My contribu- tion describes these same places on the islandsa century later during the 1990s. This book won the 2003 Florence Roberts Head Book Award given by the Ohioana Library Association of Columbus, Ohio. In his last known note to me, John Thieret wrote, “Many thanks for the info[rmation] on your award for the Put-in-Bay book. ’'m so glad that you did such a book. You certainly deserve the award.” I sometimes think that for John, it may have been a consolation prize for the Flora of the Erie Islands. John Thieret was a most unusual botanist. I know of no one else like him. His dedication, his kindness, his sense of humor, his field knowledge of plants, and the numerous and varied ways he helped me through my career has been a most worthwhile and enjoyable adventure. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION lam especially grateful and thankful to Kathy Royer for preparing the final typewritten manuscript of this paper for publication in Sida. lalso extend grate- ful thanks to David lL Moore, Tom Duncan, Charles E. Herdendorf, John R.Wehrmeister, and Andrea (Wilson) Schlageter for their written contributions to this paper. Notes made during telephone conversations with the above indi- viduals and the letters referenced in this paper are filed under the title of this publication in the Archives of Ronald L. Stuckey and in the Archives of the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. As an added note, former Stone Laboratory Director Loren S. Putnam died during the writing of this paper, 19 April 2006, at age 92.5 years. JOHN W. THIERET, COLLEAGUE AND EDITOR FRIEND (1969-2005) William F. Mahler 204 W Clara lowa Park, Texas 76367-1304, U.S.A. John Thieret’s reputation as a dedicated botanist and unique individual pre- ceded our actual meeting, which occurred sometime in the late sixties. Over the years we drifted apart, but the impact John made on my professional career and my success with Sida, Contributions to Botany remains strong. Although he spent the night at our house only a couple of times when he visited the SMU herbarium, the field trips we took in my 1969 red Ford pickup were the high- lights of our botanical relationship. Our biggest collecting trip was to Guadalajara, Mexico in April of 1970. We traveled by way of the Chihuahuan Desert and then returned through the Sonoran Desert. The pickup was the perfect mode of transportation for a long- range collecting trip because of the saddle tanks and the camper shell. We could travel six hundred miles between fill-ups and could sleep in the back if we couldn't find lodging. Also, there was plenty of room for all our collecting sup- plies. The decision to take this particular trip was made on a lark. We'd heard of others doing this and so we thought we'd do the same. As it turned out, we actu- ally did find quite a few noteworthy specimens. When Rupert Barneby found out where we were going, he suggested we visit some locations for the legumes that he had collected some years back. He needed some flowering specimens. We were successful in finding some specimens north of Zacatecas, which he cited in his monograph on Dalea. The trip was far from boring. North of Guadalajara, John injured his ankle while trying to get a specimen from the branch of a tree. He knew he had sprained his ankle, but he was afraid he might have broken it, too. An x-ray ina hospital in Guadalajara showed no apparent broken bones, but judging by the amount of pain and the routine swelling by the end of the day, John felt that it was more than just a sprain. However, with my expertise in speaking Spanish, | managed to find ice at motels to treat the swelling. We were able to continue with our collecting trip. John was always the teacher. To pass the time when driving, we would grill each other on botanical glossary terms and other aspects of botany. I had never taken an economic botany course, but I survived the equivalent of one after experiencing the tropics with him. He was the opposite of me, since | eat to live SIDA 22(1): 51 — 54. 2006 52 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) John Thieret, Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico, April 1970. — and he lived to eat. In the restaurants, meals were scrutinized very diligently ean and I was often quizzed on the content. He ate and sampled many kinds of fruits from the markets, many of which | had never heard of. In the field, he was al- ways tasting and smelling the fruits, leaves, etc. and discussing the results a spitting out the remains. His knowledge of tropical fruits was uncanny. We followed the coastline on our way home. As we neared the border, we drove past a bakery in a small town. John’s acute sense of smell overcame him and | had to turn around so he could stock up on some bread before we left Mexico. My common sense told me to refrain since we had come that far with no digestive problems. As it turned out, he did get a light case of diarrhea, but | did not pursue the issue. Ss ter At Mazatlan, we bought more newspapers (by the kilos) for our collections at the local newspaper office, and we spent our last night in Mexico south of Nogales, Arizona. U.S. Customs wanted time to go through our specimens look- ing for rusts for one of their projects. We went to dinner Cunch) and when we returned, customs had just finished. We headed back to Texas with our many collections and John’s foot still in pain. Once we got on the road, John got anxious to get home and check out his injury. We drove all night and stopped in Abilene, Texas for gas the next morn- ing. At Love Field in Dallas, I let him out at the airport where he caught a plane MAHLER, JOHN W. THIERET, COLLEAGUE AND ED 53 John Thieret, Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico, April 1970. i and I went on home. I arrived home about five o'clock in the afternoon after being up and at the wheel for thirty-six hours. John told me later that they had found a hairline crack in one of his ankle bones in addition to the sprain. Although John was not one for attending meetings, he agreed to accom- pany me in the red Ford pickup to the Southwestern Association of Naturalists meeting in Tucson, Arizona. During registration, he headed over toa young man and shook hands. The fellow seemed confused and asked John if they had met before. John informed him that they had been officemates for ten years back in Chicago. John’s appearance was much different because he had shaved his beard that he had always had. Everyone had a good laugh about it, especially John. The field trips were productive and entertaining, but John’s most valuable contribution to my career was his involvement in Sida. Lloyd Shinners had told me that I needed to meet John when I first arrived at SMU, and he was right. When I inherited Sida, he, along with others, encouraged me to continue its publication, as opposed to others who felt | should drop the journal. With the help of Mrs. Helen Koresh, a sister of Lloyd's, | was able to clear the financial obligations Lloyd had encumbered with the authors of unpublished manu- scripts. [sent John some articles for him to review that I had written about Lloyd. John really “cleaned them up’ and returned them with more red ink than black. 54 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) This was the beginning of his “internship” and status as Associate Editor of Sida that he held until his death. | have always considered myself lucky to have associated with many indi- viduals whose knowledg furthered my career goals. John was one of those individuals. The wide range e and insight enriched my professional knowledge and of things I learned from John—both professionally and asa friend—will always figure significantly in my lile. JOHN W. THIERET, ASSOCIATE EDITOR OF SIDA (1972-2005) Barney Lipscomb Botanical Researcl h Institute of Texas 509 Pecan Street Fort Worth, Texas 76102-4060, U.S.A. John W. Thieret was an extraordinary and innovative teacher who shared his knowledge freely. Without doubt he was an influential botanist and one of the most distinguished editors of the 20th century at least in North America. “Big John,” as sometimes called him, was my steady and faithful cheerleader, Sida supporter, and crusader extraordinaire. He was always there whenever I needed advice or help with Sida or for that matter anything. Notwithstanding John’s many obligations, he called me after receiving each and every issue of Sida. And the voice I heard each time was inspirational, always filled with praise for the good but soft and tender on the good that could be better. John’s source of inspiration was perhaps from the many years of editorial experience with Eco- nomic Botany, Flora of North America, and the Journal of the Kentucky Acad- emy of Science. John knew first hand the amount of work involved and maybe sensed there was always room fora little more praise than was given [to editors everywhere]. “Keep up the fine work good ole fellow! How are you doing? How are you holding up? Let’s go on a field trip! Now is there anything you would like for me to do? Edit a manuscript? Review a book and write a review? What- ever it is just send it my way and [ll promptly return it to you.” John Thieret was forever supportive and never failed to do what he said he would do. He was always thinking of how he could help the other person and I always felt like | was that other person. John so loved Sida that he gave nearly 40 years of his life. To John be the glory—great things he has done for Sida, Contributions to Botany! This is my tribute to him. — Highlights of John Thieret’s contributions to Sida Ralph Thompson's (2006) excellent tribute provides a detailed account of the great service John Thieret rendered to botany and academia, his chosen fields. My tribute will recount his great and lasting contributions toa journal he cared so much about, Sida, Contributions to Botany. John’s love and early relationship with Sida was tied closely to that of his colleague and friend Lloyd H. Shinners at Southern Methodist University. Therefore, I pick up John’s trail of communi- cation with Shinners even before Shinners started Sida in 1962. 1961—According to Ginsburg (2002), “Thieret was on staff of the Chicago Natural History Museum when he wrote to Shinners in 1961 to inquire about academic SIDA 22(1): 55 — 63. 2006 56 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) positions for botanists. Shinners was very helpful, and when Thieret moved to the University of Southwestern Louisiana [Lafayette] the two became friends and close collaborators.” Thieret wrote, “I really think that a private line ought to be established between your herbarium and ours...” Music was another shared enthusiasm. 1962—L loyd H. Shinners alone wrote, edited, and published the first two issues of Sida which were distributed on November 23rd. He said that he would have to publish his own journal because his own articles would never be published otherwise. So it was quite a tribute when he published others’ papers. 1963—With the publication of the third issue of Sida on December 13, John Thieret became the fourth author aside from Shinners to have a paper published in the journal, behind W. Phillip Osborne, Walter H. Lewis, and Arthur Cronquist. John’s 54 page Yellowknife Highway paper followed Arthur Cronquist’s paper, The taxonomic significance of evolutionary parallelism. — Botanical survey along the Yellowknife Highway, Northwest Territories, Canada. |: cata- logue of the flora. Sida 1(3):117-170. 1964—Five of John’s manuscripts were submitted and published in 1964. The first issue contained the second part of John’s botanical survey along the Yellowknife Highway. In addition, Sida 1, no. 4 contained another significant and memorable event for John Thieret. A new flowering plant species was named in his honor for the first time ever. Lloyd Shinners (1964) named Scutellaria thieretii (Labiatae) for John. Lloyd wrote, “The Louisiana plant is considered to be one more in a group of very closely related species, and in honor of an ener- getic and productive collector it is named... am indebted to Dr. Thieret for sup- plying the two SMU collections, and for the loan of mounted specimens from the University of Southwestern Louisiana.” And so the relationship between John and Lloyd strengthens. Botanical survey along the Yellowknife Highway, Northwest Territories, Canada. Il: veg- etation. Sida 1(4):187-239 Shinners began work on Sida 1(5), but it was a struggle to get the manuscripts ready for the printer (Ginsburg 2002). Thieret apparently offered help with is- sue no. 5, but | could find no correspondence indicating whether or not Shinners ever took John up on his offer. Maybe John helped by submitting well-written and superbly edited manuscripts for Lloyd to publish. Fatoua villosa (Moraceae) in Louisiana: new to North America. Sida 1(4):248. Lysimachia japonica (Primulaceae) and Clinopodium gracile (Labiatae) in Louisiana: new to the United States. Sida 1(4):249-250. More additions to the Louisiana flora. Sida 1(5):294-295. Eriogonum annuum (Polygonaceae): biennial in Nebraska. Sida 1(6):382. a LIPSCOMB, JOHN W. THIERET, ASSOCIATE EDITOR 57 1965—There was a break in the action for John as far as submitting papers to Sida. John did not have a single paper in either of the two Sida issues published in 1965. Regardless, John apparently stayed in close contact with Lloyd. pal 1966—The next documented account of cor Lloyd took place on January 26. I ce between John and “Lam sending, for possible publication in SIDA, a manuscript entitled “Seeds of Some United States Phytolaccaceae and Aizoaceae.” The article was published on September 27. Seeds of some United States Phytolaccaceae and Aizoaceae. Sida 2:352—360. Sometime in 1966, Shinners had his first “all out” case of insulin shock and after hearing about that, Thieret wrote, “I was appalled to hear your account of the insulin shock.” I suspect John once again offered Lloyd help with Sida but ap- parently no letter with such words are in Shinners’ archives. Shinners recov- ered from the insulin attack and published a fourth issue of Sida in 1966: vol- ume 2, number 6 was published on December 30. 1967—According to Ginsburg (2002) Shinners was probably exhausted after publishing four issues of Sida in 1966 and even more exhausted after his second NSF grant ended in May 1967. Thieret apparently kept in close enough contact to know the details. According to Ginsburg (2002), “He [Thieret] was willing to come to Dallas for a weekend to help in getting an issue together, or he would read and edit anything that Shinners m ight send.” Ina letter to Shinners, Thieret once again offered assistance with Sida. “Sida is a most worthy cause. To help out is a privilege...” John not only continued to correspond with Lloyd, but he also submitted manu- scripts to Sida and Lloyd published four of John’s papers in 1967. Supraspecific classification in the Scrophulariaceae: a review. Sida 3(2):87-106. Thirty additions to the Louisiana flora. Sida 3(3):123-127. Cyperus subgenus kyllinga (Cyperaceae) in the continental United States. Sida 3(3):128- 136. [with AJ. Delahouhoussaye] Neogaerrhinum kelloggii (Greene) Thieret, comb. nov. (Scrophulariaceae). Sida 3(3):187, 1968—John Thieret wrote Lloyd on April 18, 1968. Glad to hear, also, that SIDA is such a well-going concern. Once again I make an offer to come to Dallas for a weekend if I can be of help—real help—in getting together an issue. Also, I'll be glad to read and edit anything you send over. Even that Czech paper—which you specifically said not to edit, you will recall.” Two issues of Sida were published in 1968 but John did not have any papers in either issue. 1969—Shinners published two issues of Sida in 1969: 3(5) and 3(6), August and 58 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) November respectively. In between those two issues John sent Lloyd a letter dated September 9, 1969: “| was surprised to get the Bigelowia [Anderson] opus. Have you decided to establish an editorial board to “protect” your contributions against non-promotion? (Ea!) After hearing about another round of Shinners’ health problems, Thieret again offered to help proof read Sida. “You are willing | recall to have me take care of the index lor vol. 4 ol Sida. Right?” Meanwhile John submitted four manuscripts for publication. Undoubtedly they were submitted in excellent shape and Lloyd probably had to do very little work on these papers to get them ready for publication. ; Sagittaria guayanensis (Alismataceae) in Louisiana:new to the United States. Sida 3(6):445. Rumex obovatus and Rumex paraguayensis (Polygonaceae) in Louisiana: new to North America. Sida 3(6):445-446. actea (Rafinesque) Thieret, comb. nov. (Leguminosae). Sida 3(6):446. — — Baptisia Trifolium vesiculosum (Leguminosae) in Mississippi and Louisiana: new to North America. Sida 3(6):446-447. 1969-1970—William FE Mahler was appointed three-quarters time assistant professor in the Biology Department at SMU and one-quarter time with the herbarium. Shinners’ Herbarium Report involved mostly Mahler's activities; Sida activities were still under the control of Shinners. Once again John offered Lloyd help in another letter probably dated sometime in April or May 1970 (see also Mahler's tribute). “Went ona collecting foray this past weekend—the first extensive one since I got back from Mexico. The ankle still gives trouble... Indeed, by the time the collecting trip was over, I was limping some- thing awful (). You were willing, I recall, to have me take care of the index for volume 4 of SIDA. Right???... If you are still, | shall get onto the task, a bit ata time. Shaw's paper alone is a challenge.” 1971—Lloyd Shinners published Sida 4(2) on January 15, 1971 and one month later Shinners passed away on February 16, 1971. William F. Mahler inherited Sida from Lloyd’s sister Helen Koresh and he immediately became editor and publisher. February 17,1971, the very day after Lloyd’s death, John Thieret com- posed and mailed a letter to Mahler at SMU offering personal assistance and moral support. pele | “Just a note to reaffirm my offer to do what | can do to help keep SIDA a going thing. The journal a memorial to its founder. should certainly not be allowed to die but should be kept viable as, perhaps hel J; LF s for specific things could do, Icertainly would be glad ting. | would be willing to come over there every once in a while to work closely with you or with anyone else interested. Editing, reading proof, indexing—all would suit me fine. Speaking of indexing, Lloyd already gave me the go-ahead on doing the index for volume 4. Certainly you are thinking of an article on Lloyd, in SIDA, with possibly a list of his publica- tions. I'd be glad to help here, especially on the bibliographic work involved. LIPSCOMB, JOHN W. THIERET, ASSOCIATE EDITOR 59 eats yi offers b have ee made, It is now up to you to see that they are taken u ne to urge in to do all _ can to ee SIDA going?’ John Thieret was concerned about the future of Sida. Here is his letter to SMU urging Southern Methodist University’s President Dr. Willis M. Tate and the Dean of Graduate School, Dr. CC. Albritton, Jr, to continue the publication of Sida. “The name of the president I got from the 1969-70 edition of the WORLD OF LEARNING. Iassume that ie is ae the man. The Albritton part is for certain OK 1 ] iat botan I sht (or something like that) and that I strongly urge SMU to aor all te can to continue the Seat of SIDA, a journal that is an excellent one that has filled a need. Etc. Etc. Ete. Signed John T. Even with all the encouragement from a number of Lloyd's colleagues, South- ern Methodist University never committed to preserving the journal or the col- lections that really made a name for the university in the botanical sciences. Other scientific journals were also born there but either died there or moved on to more supportive organizations. The dedication and hard work that Lloyd Shinners devoted in championing the cause of botany at SMU was kept alive through colleagues and the Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT). Will- iam Mahler committed 21 years of personal time and money in keeping Sida, Contributions to Botany successful. In 1987, Mahler along with colleagues Lip- scomb and Andrea McFadden were instrumental in the establishment of the free-standing research institution BRIT. The core of the BRIT collections is the Lloyd H. Shinners Collection in Systematic Botany, originally at Southern Meth- odist University. Since Sida was privately published by Mahler it too joined BRIT. Mahler officially transferred ownership of Sida to BRIT in 1993. Mahler (1971) published Sida 4(3) with a tribute to Lloyd and John had one paper in the same issue: Physalis lagascae (Solanaceae) in Louisiana: new to the conterminous United States. Sida ADT F John’s offer of help was at last accepted. Mahler officially asked him to serve as associate editor of Sida in late 1971 or early 1972. One of the first papers John edited as associate editor was a large manuscript on the genus Rorippa sent to Dr. Shinners (early 1970) by Dr. Ronald L. Stuckey, associate professor of botany at Ohio State University. Dr. Stuckey expressed a desire to help with Sida ina letter dated February 24, 1971 to Dr. Mahler and Dr. Thieret. It has come to my attention that Professor Lloyd Shinners has passed away. I talked with John Thieret er]. My interest is that over a year ago I 2 by phone soy and he suggested that I write to you[Ma sent my d rtation, a sae aS peers on ties eeu ion apa to Dr. Shiners for publi- cation in Sida, which he ag nadditio enses for publi- cation, and this d to Sida i f $250.00 each, one in eee 1969 and one in December 1970. aie I would hope that you and Dr. Thieret, or anyone else, could see to it that the present manuscript on hand and/or in press for Sida could be published, and certainly as a memo- 60 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) rial to Dr Shinners. | would be willing to do most anything, at this distance, to help tl se al | suspect financing is the big problem, and | would be willing to contribute some more funds, if | knew for sure my eee Male be published in Sida. Furthermore, I suspect some editing or deletions of my | dhe ge, elp. It was my understanding that the specimen citations would =~ not be pu plished. t also say that Mr. Robert Haynes, our assistant curator of the Herbarium, and former student of Dr. Thieret, has his manuscript on the genus Conopholis being published in Sida. [ would also like to see this fine journal for taxonomic botany and related interests be contin- ued either by Southern Methodist University or by a federation of the south-central botanists, for example. Mahler's letter (3 Mar 1971) back to Dr. Stuckey and again Dr. Thieret is involved: “In regard to your letter of 24 February 1971, we are planning to continue ea and follow Dr. Shinner’s plants for Vol. 4 (3) and (4). Issues 3 and 4 will be the paper lescribed in his letter of 26 March 1970. You are being credited with a $500 contribution towards the publication of your MS. At this time, | cannot say what the financia — situation will be in relation to SIDA and its $12 page costs (re Shinners’ letter, 9 December 1969), but hopefully we can continue as leas by Dr. Shinners. My continuing to work like Dr. Shinners did would be impossible with the other activities (du- ties). He did not get a chance to go over the MS. in detail and I would like to send it toa reviewer such as Dr. Thieret. Perhaps you would like to make the changes Dr. Shinners suggested first, and then send it to Dr. Thieret. We have plenty of time in this respect as | do not expect No. 3 to come our till summer (71) at this time. [appreciate the briefing (previous correspondence) as it has been very helpful. | wish that ev- eryone would do it this way. Perhaps they will as I have one other individual who has brought me up to date in the same manner. The Conopholis paper of Haynes is still in the mill and status at this time unknown.” Dr. Stuckey’s response: Lenclose Xerox ¢ sof two letters which show that Dr. Reed C. Rollins has read and reviewed my Rorippa manuscript. | am eae that you have selected Dr. Thieret to go over my manuscript in ' g preparation for its publication. It would be best if you transmitted the manuscript directly to him, rather than sending it back to me. The revision that Dr. Shinners mentioned involves a small item of about one page. | can do this and send the revision to Dr. Thieret. As you may know Dr. Thieret will be at our University for 5 weeks this summer teaching at Stone Laboratory. | will be there at the same time and can wor < with him on the manuscript at that time.” Mahler's letter (23 Mar 1971) to Dr. Stuckey and Dr. Thieret is mentioned: found your MS. yesterday (sti [have not located the plates, but will in time) and received your letter today. Dr. Shinners had discussed this MS. with me and stated that it would have to be trimmed to ca. the length of Kral’s paper 9ca. 175 pp.). As suggested by Shinners to you, ca. 150 pp. can be eliminatec readily (the citation of specimens). That still leaves ca. 100 pp. (70 pp. of MS. + 30 maps, illus.) to be eliminated. Thisi is one of the items of “reviewing” that | was referring to in regard to John Thieret. If u wish to do this yourself and possibly you should as it’s your MS., John Thieret might be helpful in short cuts so that you will not leave out any essential ena) The discussions, etc., are rather ver- bose and the same ideas could be expressed in fewer words.’ a 1972—Thieret’s letter January 11, 1972) to Dr. Stuckey announcing his associ- ate editorship: LIPSCOMB, JOHN W. THIERET, ASSOCIATE EDITOR 61 SIDA, founded by Lloyd H. Shinners, is privately published by Wm. F. TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE Mahler, SMU Herbarium, Dallas, Texas, 75222, U.S.A. Subscription price $8 GE es RORIPPA (CRUCIFERAE) (U.S.) per volume NORTH AMERICA RONAL DL. Such EY Columbus, Ohio 43210 Rorippa consists of those yellow-petaled, numerous-seeded, readily- dehiscent-fruited Ley and shore “plans in the Cruciferae Distributed Berea in temperate the genus ccurs every continent except Antarctica, but the Species are more iber may increase to 60 or 70 an expanded knowledge Tonal “(a968) jeanatderedtt here to be about 70 species, some imperfectly known. One ea eeue Sees, R. palustris, is known fom eac me continent where t . Busch (1915) a Eurasia; s Warncinaencs (1960) ha eight species for Middle Europe; and, in Flora Europaea, yea “uss included 10 specie: ASSOCIATE EDITOR and So America. I 7 cal ones) as native to North America; seven species are con: nsidered as John W. Thieret itoce The evolutionary relationship of these foreign members to the orth America, Rorippa is most common and abundant, both as to inva and t F aiene Arte irs of lakes te ce banks rea and rivers, and in marshes bee swales; or in wet inca Pinte sites ong roadside, drainage, and irrigation ditches in ni fallow or cultivated fields and gardens, along railroad grades and ditche: HISTORY OF THE GENUS rippa begins with Scopoli (Fi Carn, ed. 1, 520. 1760), who wrote the first, but brief, eneric diagnosi three species were named. The first contains the exact phraseology as that provided by Lin- naeus (Sp. Pl. 675. 1753) for attire sylvestre. Scopoli cited ee as one of five sources; on this basis, Rorippa sylvestris (Linnaeus) Besser s taken as the type of the genus. Abrams (1944) listed eae am- pat il fulfillment of the of Michipina Aaa SIDA Contributions to Botany, Volume 4 Number 4, pages 279—430 Cop. >) aa The Herbarium ight 1972 by wm, F. Mahler Left: Copyright page of Sida 4(4), the first issue of Sida in which John Thieret was appointed associated editor. Right: ope £D lac. I J. Davt co Look e.g rr “Thanks for l our Rorippa ms. Mahler is really the one to talk to about any financial matters. When I finish with the ms., | shall return it to Mahler. From then on, any dealings will be conducted by him. I have just been asked to serve as Associate Editor of Sida— which is just about what I've been doing all along.” John Thieret came to the editorial rescue as associate editor of Sida in 1972 and for the next 34 years, John proudly and faithfully served the journal in so many different ways. Mahler along with John’s superb editorial knowledge and skills and the help of many other colleagues, kept Sida going strong. Mahler passed the editorial baton to Lipscomb in 1983 but remained publisher until 1993; John was associate editor from 1972-2005. 1972-2005—Not only was John an active associate editor of Sida, he was also contributing manuscripts. Twenty-seven of John’s papers were published in Sida during his 34 years of associate editorship. This represents almost 25% of all the papers John published in that same time frame. In fact, of all the scientific papers listed in Ralph Thompson’s tribute (2006), 26% were published in Sida, more than three times that of the next closest journal. The amount of work he contributed is enormous and the success, the foundation that John Thieret (and Wm. F. Mahler) made to Sida cannot be underestimated. We all have been for- 62 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) tunate to have had John’s involvement with the journal but my (Lipscomb) ca- reer was truly impacted by this good friend. John’s influence on my (Lipscomb) personal career In the fall of 1975 my botanical career began as herbarium botanist at Southern Methodist University. There I worked in the great herbarium and botanical li- brary built by the prolific researcher, writer and founder of Sida, Lloyd Shinners. My first two years of work at SMU were strictly herbarium related and | casu- ally observed the editorial work on Sida by Wm. F Mahler. In the beginning I did not know who John Thieret was but it didn’t take me long to find out. Tra- dition is wonderful. Shinners told Mahler he needed to meet John and Mahler told me I needed to meet John. In 1977, two years into my job at SMU, I was appointed assistant editor of Sida by my mentor, friend, and colleague Bill Mahler. It was around this time—pre-email days—that | first began to commu- nicate with “Big John” Thieret over the phone and through letters. Over time | began to interact with him more and more on Sida’s issues and editorial mat- ters. It would be years later before | actually met the man behind the red pen. | had no idea John was the master of editing. | was too young to envision the immediate and future impact this one man would have on my life. He genu- inely cared for me as an individual and shared his expertise and knowledge with me freely. Through John, a whole new world of wisdom and knowledge was available at my doorstep. John Thieret took me in almost as if | was one of his own children. He (and Mahler) helped me to learn the role of an editor one red pen at a time. A few years passed before | finally got to meet John in person. He was ev- erything that I envisioned. | enjoyed one full week with John and his lovely wife Mildred back in the late 1990s. | stayed in their home in Alexandria not far from Northern Kentucky University (Highland Heights) where John worked. It was in their home that I had my first meal of tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trot- ter). It wasalso at the Thieret home that John taught me the word “kex” or “kexes” for a dead stalk or stalks of herbaceous plants, “especially of large umbellifer- ous plants” (Oxford English Dictionary). | enjoyed four wonderful days with John traveling and botanizing through northern and eastern Kentucky. One of the many botanical things I learned from John on that trip was the edible fruits of Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac). He told me the drink from the sweet fruits was called “rhusade.” After returning to the Cincinnati area from out botanical field trip, John and I drove to one of his fun places to botanize called Jungle Jim’s International Farmers Market in Fairfield (Cincinnati), Ohio. One quote | found on the web said, “It is the ultimate food shopping adventure.” We walked into this humongous store and headed straight to the produce section and did we ever have a great time identifying plants and plant parts. It was an awesome experience with John, the economic botanist. And we visited another of John’s mo LIPSCOMB, JOHN W. THIERET, ASSOCIATE EDITOR 63 favorite plant places, Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati. What an incredible place to study and learn about the many different woody plants and what a wonderful teacher I had. For 33 years John Thieret served Sida, Contributions to Botany as associate editor. His crusading editorial and scientific contributions to Sida are beyond measure! He was a good friend and advocate of Lloyd Shinners and Sida; he was a solid anchor of support to Wm. F Mahler in the storm of uncertainty that followed Lloyd's death; and he was a radiant lighthouse of editorial help to me as a young editor. He was the guiding light of editorial excellence and author- ity. Sida is today in large part because of John Thieret. His 33 years of editorship with Sida stands longer than anyone else associated with the journal. John Thieret was my rock and my anchor. His editorial energy and enthu- siasm and loyalty to Sida will forever be remembered and deeply appreciated! Did I ever say thank you John? I’m sure I did many times but let me say it in print in Sida one last time for everyone to see, Thank you John for all that you've done and continue to do through your teachings. Postscript: Changes in the journal, Sida no more I'm glad these tributes to John Thieret could be published in the journal that he loved so very much. Soon the journal Sida, Contributions to Botany will no longer be published by that name but instead will be called the Journal of Botanical Research Institute of Texas. The new journal will have a new look but generally the same format, botanical focus, and editorial direction will remain. The lead- ership of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas has decided the name “Sida” is offensive and has too much of a negative connotation because of its similar- ity to the word meaning AIDS in Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese. Per- haps the name change is a good thing but I am personally saddened to see Shinners’ original and long-standing name displaced. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Ithank Gary Jennings (library /archive help), Ruth Ginsburg (archive help and reading the ms), and Ralph Thompson and Guy Nesom for helpful comments. REFERENCES BoTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS ArcHives. 2006. Lloyd Herbert Shinners archive. Botanical Research Institute of Texas library, Fort Worth. Ginspurc, R. 2002. Lloyd Herbert Shinners: by himself. Sida, Bot. Misc. 22 Matter, W.F. 1971.Lloyd Herbert Shinners 1918-1971. Sida 4:228-231. SHINNERS, L.H. 1964. Scutellaria thieretii (Labiatae), a new species from coastal Louisiana. Sida 1(4):251-252. THompson, R.L. 2006. John W. Thieret (1926-2005). Sida 21:3-19. A NEW NARROWLY ENDEMIC SPECIES OF CLEMATIS (RANUNCULACEAE: SUBGENUS VIORNA) FROM NORTHEASTERN TEXAS Dwayne Estes abe of Tennessee Heal ium CERN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology vines of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996, U.S.A. tnplants@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Clematis carrizoensis, a new ese! endemic species of subgenus Viorna, is described from the Carrizo Sands of northeastern Texas. This species belongs to a complex of similar species character- ized by glaucous and glabrous oe leaf surfaces and stems. Four additional species comprise this com ee C. addisonii, C glaucophylla C. texensis. and o versicolor denen carriZoensis 1s iS LOED NO: logi ically LLLUSL similar | to bluist it ] C. versicolor. It differs from those two coe in having ei cream ee lightly lilac- need se- pals. From C. addisoniiand C. glaucophylla, C. carrizoensis differs in sepal color and in havi = thicker and more reticulate peaves: All ns species of the complex are allopatric and occupy somewhat dif- ferent habitat Further discussion of their See eee differences, Poreene a@iabaren ane habitat preferences is provided. RESUMEN Se describe Cl ti Oe endo a de Carrizo Sands L oO pl ] en el noreste de Texas. Esta especie pert tener los tallos y el envés glaucos y glbros FI | complejo tae tras Caddicantt C glaucophylla, C. texensis, y C. versicolor. rizoensis es la mas fe ee a . Lees ep los escarlata ie C. ve mei sépalos que van del rojo purpura al lavanda azulado. ener los sépalos amarillo crema ligeramente tenidos de lila. De C. addisonii y C. aaeoonsi ite. se eee C. carrizoensis por el color de los sépalos y por tener las jas mas ee y mas Saaeconee . as cinco cece coBpSe son ope acaS y FOSpan morfoldgicas, Giseibucion peop y preferencias de habitat. In North America, 18 species of Clematis (Ranunculaceae) belong to the subge- nus Viorna (Pringle 1997). Of these, eight currently recognized species were included in the formerly recognized Clematis section Viorna subsection Viornae (Erickson 1943; Dennis 1976; Kral 1987): C. addisonii Britton, C. glaucophylla Small, C. morefieldii Kral, C. pitcheri Torr. & A. Gray, C. reticulata Walter, C. texensis Buckley, C. versicolor Small, and C. viorna L. These species are peren- nial vines characterized by relatively large (1-3 cm) urceolate flowers with thick leathery sepals that are mostly arranged in solitary or few-flowered cymes borne SIDA 22(1): 65 — 77. 2006 66 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) on axillary peduncles subtended by leafy bracts (Dennis 1976). These taxa can be delineated into two groups based on leaf vestiture (Dennis 1976). The first group including C. morefieldii, C. pitcheri, C. reticulata, and C. viorna all have variously pubescent abaxial leaf surfaces and stems. The species of the second group, characterized by glabrous and glaucous abaxial leaf surfaces and stems, include C. addisonii, C. glaucophylla, C. texensis, and C. versicolor. These species form a complex here referred to as the C. glaucophylla complex. The species of the C. glaucophylla complex can be distinguished from each other by relatively few qualitative morphological characteristics. Often, a com- bination of features, including morphology, habitat, and distribution, must be used to identify taxa. Several structures including the caudex, roots, inflores- cences, and achenes offer little or no taxonomic value in separating most spe- cies of the complex (Erickson 1943; Dennis 1976). The most taxonomically use- ful traits are leaf texture, degree of leaf vein reticulation, and sepal color, although even these characters exhibit considerable variation and intergrada- tion (Erickson 1943: Dennis 1976). For instance, leaf thickness is useful when extremes are exhibited, but Dennis (1976) noted that factors such as leaf age and environmental conditions often make it a difficult character to assess. Sim1- larly, degree of vein reticulation is a useful character when found in its extremes but it can be confounding when trying to evaluate the continuum between ex- tremes (Dennis 1976). Erickson (1943) concurred, noting that while reticulate venation is a valuable taxonomic character, “it is not often possible to distin- guish between degrees of reticulation consistently.” Dennis (1976) considerec sepal color to be important for distinguishing species of the complex; for ex- ample thin-leaved specimens of C. versicolor can only be distinguished from C. glaucophylla by sepal color. Other characteristics, including degree of leaf dis- section, leaflet shape, flower shape, and stamen vestiture, are only generally useful for distinguishing species and are apparently never diagnostic. While the species of the C.glaucophylla complex may be difficult to differentiate mor- phologically, all members of the complex exhibit specific physiographic pref- erences (Dennis 1976) and have non-overlapping ranges (Fig. 1). Clematis texensisand C. versicolor are completely allopatric with the former restricted to the Edward's Plateau of Texas and the latter confined to the Inte- rior Highlands (Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma) and Interior Low Plateaus (Ala- yama, Kentucky, Tennessee). They differ consistently in flower color and gen- erally in leaf dissection and leaflet shape. Both species usually have relatively thick and conspicuously reticulate leaves. Erickson (1943) called attention to possible intermediate populations occurring in the region between the Interior Highlands and the Edward's Plateau noting that some specimens from this re- gion have been difficult to assign to a particular species. Erickson arbitrarily referred questionable specimens from southwestern Arkansas and southeast- ern Oklahoma to C. versicolor and specimens from northeastern Texas (Smith — en ees ESTES, A NEW SPECIES OF CLEMATIS FROM TEXAS 67 Legend Clematis spp. @ = §=C. addisonii @ = $C. carrizoensis = ~=6C. glaucophylla C. texensis 4 ~~ C. versicolor Co TkKilometers Fic. 1.G hi f the fi i ftha Cf tie al hull | fr aera ) i 1976) County) to C. texensis. Dennis (1976) contended that the Texas specimens were not C. texensis because the sepals were white to pale lavender rather than the bright red characteristic of that species. Interestingly, Dennis (1976) referred the Texas plants to C. versicolor in spite of the fact that they also differed from that species in sepal color and habitat and occurred ina different physiographic region ca. 200 km from the nearest known C. versicolor population. Additiona study of herbarium specimens from this region coupled with field work has revealed that the Texas populations previously referred to C. versicoloractually represent a new species described below. Clematis carrizoensis D. Estes, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3, 4B). Type: U.S.A. TEXAS: Smith Co. 1.5 mi NW of Lindale, sandy soil, vine growing along fence near roadside, 15 May 1949, ].F Hennen 408, consists of 2 sheets (HOLOTYPE: SMU). jen A Clematide versicolore sepalis e lilacinis flavidis-cremeis, foliis plerumque dissectioribus, foliolis saepiuscule emarginatis ad apices profundius cordatis basibus differt. Perennial trailing or scandent vines to 3 m long, from a woody caudex bearing numerous smooth fleshy apparently unbranched roots. Stems stout proximally, slightly flexuous distally, 6 angled, 12 ribbed, glabrous and glaucous, reddish- brown to pale brown. Leaves oppositely decussate, imparipinnate to pinnate- 68 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE 1 Small W. Michael Dennis December , 476 PLANTS OF TEXAS Clematis reo ulata Valte | HOLOTYPE OF: | Smith Co.1 1.5 miles nortivest of Lindale. Sanly soil. Vine growing along; fence near roadside. | Ctesniit ; sis D. Estes Sheet 1 of 2 J. Ps Hennen 1,08 May 159 1oL9 Fic. 2. Holotype (UJ. Hennen 408, SMU) of Clematis carrizoensis. ESTES, A NEW SPECIES OF CLEMATIS FROM TEXAS 69 Fic.3. Clemati ji is. A. Portion of plant showing g| baxial leaf surfaces. B. Close-up of abaxial surface of | ins). D. Fruit. Photos above leaflet showing raised-reticulate venation. C. Flower, fi iew ( isy I f | H] 1 i D. Estes 07032 P ternate, largest at about mid-stem, spreading, to 2.0 dm long, longer than wide to as wide as long; petiole stout, equaling or more frequently shorter than the lowest leaflets, to 6.0 cm long, glabrous and glaucous, base of opposing petioles usually connate; rachis geniculate; leaflets symmetrical or asymmetrical, paired, 8-10 on imparipinnate leaves, to 25 on proximal-most pinnate-ternate leaves, spreading to erect, reduced distally on rachis, the distal-most often form- 70 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) ing a short simple tendril, proximal-most entire or 2-3-lobed to trifoliate, ovate, broadly ovate, or subrotund, leaflets to 7.0 cm long and to 6.0 cm wide, coria- ceous, base shallowly to deeply cordate, rounded, or truncate, margins slightly revolute, leaflet apices and lobe apices rounded, retuse, or occasionally acute, mucronate, adaxial and abaxial surlaces strongly reticulate with all vein or- ders conspicuously raised, forming an intricate reticulum, light green adaxially, paler abaxially, drying pale olive-brown to olive-green, glabrous and glaucous on both surfaces but more conspicuous on abaxial surface; petiolules 1.5-3.0(-7 cm) long, one-fourth to one-third length of leaflet or rarely one-half to as long as leaflet, stout, glabrous and glaucous. Flowers solitary on long axillary pe- duncles or rarely axillary and terminal, nodding, ovoid or urceolate; peduncles erect, curved or frequently abruptly recurved at apex, 7.5-17.0 cm long, stout, glabrous and glaucous, with 2 foliose bracts; bracts sessile or subsessile with petioles to 4.0 mm, positioned mostly near the middle of the peduncle, base subcordate to deeply cordate, margins entire or 2-3-lobed, otherwise similar in shape, size, texture, and vestiture to leaflets. Sepals erect, connivent, ovate-lan- ceolate to oblong-ovate, apices reflexed, 1.8-3.0 cm long, 0.7-1.3 cm wide, coria- ceous, ca. 12 nerved, abaxially yellowish-cream, or greenish-yellow and often faintly tinged with lilac proximally, adaxial surface similar in color to the abaxial surface at least distally, mostly drying tan or light brown, edges nar- rowly crispate, white-tomentulose, abaxial and adaxial surfaces glabrous. Sta- mens linear, 1.8-2.4 cm long, the filaments flattened, in dried material dark brownish-red in the proximal half, densely pilose from below middle to apex, anthers 6.0 mm long, connective extended 1.75-2.0 mm beyond anthers, pilose. Fruit tightly clustered in spherical heads 4.5-8 cm in diameter, light brown, body rhomboidal-ovate, 6.0-9.0 mm long and 6.0-7.0 mm wide, acuminate at both ends, compressed, marginally thickened, sericeous; style curvate, 3.0-5.5 cm long, with a yellowish-brown plumose coma, hairs of coma spreading to scending, to 3.0 mm long. Chromosome number unknown. aoa specimens ene TEXAS: Cherokee Co.: ca. 9.5 mi E of Troup, ca.6 mi W ol Price, ca. ni N of Hwy 13, sandylands, 12 Jul 1977, G. Bee 50. 38 (BRIT). Smith Co.: sandy woods east ol wee 16 May 1902, J. Reverchon ee [two sheets] (MO); on R.R. [railroad] near Lindale, Apr 1923, J. Reverchon s.n. (MO); western Tyler along Cotton Belt Railway, east end of Pine Burr Rd., infrequent at edge of woods along railway, 21 May 1949, V.L. Cory 56212 (SMU); western Tyler, S of Pine Burr Rd, infrequent in sandy woods, 10 Aug 1950, V.L. Cory 57860 (SMU); just N of Interstate 20 in woods E ol Old Tyler-Mineola Rd., 20 Oct 1965, D.S. Correll & H.B. Correll 32041 (LL); sandy field with scattered post oak in SW angle where US Rte. 69 and Loop 323 intersect, north edge of Tyler, 28 Aug 1966, D.S. Correll 33513 (LL); pure sand in field on Loop 323 near intersection with Rte. 69, Tyler, 6 Jun 19609, D.S. Correll 37401 (LL); in SW angle of intersection of US 69 and Loop 323, N edge of Tyler, under oaks next to 12 Oaks Motor Hotel, growing in sandy field under Quercus incana, Q. margaretta, with Opun- tia, Yucca, 22 Jun 1975, WM. Dennis 5I718 (TENN); NW portion of city of Tyler, 0.75 km WSW of junction ol TX State Hwy 323 Loop and US Hwy 69, ca. 20 m SW of junction of Hwy 323 Loop and Silver Creek Dr, 32°22'42.1"N, 95°2020.6"W, along N edge of scrubby oak-hickory woods and in a small opening nearby, rooted in deep sand and scram acorer small shrubs and herbs, with Quercus ESTES, A NEW SPECIES OF CLEMATIS FROM TEXAS 71 \“}. spp., Carya, Rhus aromatica, Prunus gracilis, and Toxicodendron pubescens, 9 May 2005, D. Estes 07032 (GH, NY, TENN, VDB). Van Zandt Co.: 2.3 mi E of Ben Wheeler, sandy loam, 6 May 1951, R. Van Vleet 1257 (SMU). Distribution and Habitat.—Clematis carrizoensis is endemic or nearly endemic to the Carrizo Formation, a narrow zone (19 km wide) of relatively deep depos- its of coarse to find sand that trends southwest to northeast for ca.720 km from south-central to northeastern Texas (Macbryde 1933; Sorrie and Weakley 2001). Sorrie and Weakly (2001) identified an additional 12 taxa endemic or nearly endemic to this formation. Within the Carrizo Sands, C. carrizoensis has only been collected from three contiguous counties, Cherokee, Smith, and Van Zandt, all in the northeastern section of the formation. Clematis carrizoensis grows in or along the edges of open, well-drained, prairie-like areas in full sun or partial shade. Within these communities, C. carrizoensis trails along the ground or Over low herbs, shrubs, or fences, apparently rarely climbing higher into low branches of trees. Oak-hickory woodlands or thickets border these sites. Domi- nant tree species associated with one population of C. carrizoensis in Tyler, Texas (site of D. Estes07032 cited above) include Quercus incana Bartr., Q. marilandica Muench., 9. nigra L., Q. stellata Wang., Carya texana BuckL., Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, and Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. Frequent small trees, shrubs and woody vines were Opuntia sp., Prunus caroliniana (P. Mill.) Ait. P gracilis Engelm. & A. Gray, Rhus aromatica Ait. R.copallinum L., R.glabraL., Rubus trivialis Michx., Stillingia sylvatica Garden ex L., Toxicodendron pubescens P. Mill., Vaccinium arboreum Marsh., Viburnum rufidulum Raf., Vitis mustangensis Buckl., V. rotundifolia Michx.and Yucca sp. Baptisia sp., Cnidoscolus texanus(MuellL.-Arg.) Small, Croton argyranthemus Michx., Mimosa sp., Paronychia drummondii Torr. & A. Gray, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, Rumex hastatulus Baldw.,, — 72 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash and Talinum rugospermum Holzinger were closely associated herbaceous taxa. Phenology.—Clematis carrizoensis flowers from early May to early August: fruits are produced beginning in late June and persist until November. Etymology.—The specific epithet “carrizoensis” was selected in honor of the Carrizo Sands, the geologic formation to which C. carrizoensis is apparently restricted. Common Names.—Carrizo sands leather-flower; sand clematis Conservation Significance.—Clematis carrizoensis is a rare species. | have seen only 12 specimens from three counties in northeastern Texas; 10 of these are from just four sites in a small area of Smith County. Label data from her- barium specimens also indicate that this species is uncommon where it occurs. Most of the specimens examined for this study were collected over 30 years ago possibly indicating that this species is declining or simply overlooked. Most of the populations represented by collections are located near or in the city of Tyler, Texas. These populations may be subject to extirpation by future development. This species should be searched for in other sandy sites, particularly those as- sociated with the Carrizo Formation, in northeastern Texas as well as in sandy habitats in nearby portions of Miller County, Arkansas and Caddo Parish, Loui- endangered and should be afforded KL siana. This species should be considerec protection at both the state and federal level. Species of the Clematis glaucophylla Complex Five species comprise the C. glaucophylla complex. While all species differ in rather subtle morphological characteristics, they are all allopatric and mostly inhabit different plant communities in different physiographic provinces. The complex is in need of a detailed phylogenetic study. Clematis addisonii, a narrow endemic of a four county area in the Ridge and Valley of western Virginia (Fig. LD), inhabits dry calcareous woods and out- crops (Kral 1983). Itis characterized by a mostly erect, non-twining habit, mostly simple, thin, and inconspicuously reticulate cauline leaves, and solitary termi- nal {lowers that have purple to reddish-purple sepals with whitish apices. Clematis glaucophylla ranges {rom northwestern Florida west to southeast- ern Mississippi and north to southeastern Tennessee (Fig. L); it is reportedly dis- junct to McCurtain County, Oklahoma (Dennis 1976). Reports of C.glaucophylla from Kentucky Jones 2005) are based on misidentified specimens (D. Estes, pers. obs.). Throughout most of its range in the Piedmont and Gulf Coastal Plain, C. glaucophylla grows in sandy neutral to slightly acidic soils along streams (Dennis 1976), but at some sites in Alabama and southeastern Tennessee, C. glaucophylla grows at the edges of dry rocky calcareous forests (D. Estes, pers. obs.). Clematis glaucophylla hasa oe habit and compound cauline leaves that have mostly thin and inconspicuously reticulate leaflets. The proximal leat- ESTES, A NEW SPECIES OF CLEMATIS FROM TEXAS 73 lets are often deeply lobed, divided, or ternate. Flowers of C. glaucophylla are borne on axillary peduncles and have sepals that are cherry-red or reddish- purple abaxially and light colored near the abaxial tip and on the whole sur- face adaxially. Clematis texensis is endemic to the Edward’s Plateau of Texas (Fig. 1) where itis often associated with calcareous woodlands, edges, cliffs, and stream banks. The species hasa viny habit and compound cauline leaves with relatively thick and conspicuously reticulate leaflets. The proximal leaflets vary from simple to lobed or ternate. The flowers are borne on axillary peduncles and the sepals are scarlet or rose-red abaxially and near the tip adaxially (Fig. 4). Clematis versicolor has a bicentric distribution with part of its range cen- tered in the Interior Highlands of southwestern Missouri, western Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma and the other portion centered in the Interior Low Pla- teau of central Tennessee, extreme northern Alabama, and south-central Ken- tucky (Fig. 1). It is usually associated with calcareous bluffs, dry woods, and roadsides with exposed limestone. Clematis versicolor has a viny habit, relatively thick and conspicuously reticulate compound cauline leaves with the proxi- mal leaflets entire or rarely lobed or divided, and flowers borne on axillary peduncles. The abaxial surfaces of the sepals of C. versicolor are mostly pur- plish-red proximally and often are cream-colored or greenish distally (Fig. 4). Clematis carrizoensis is restricted to sandy prairie-like areas among oak- hickory woodlands in three counties in northeastern Texas (Fig. 1). The species hasa viny habit, thick and conspicuously reticulate compound leaves that have proximal leaflets frequently lobed, divided, or ternate, flowers borne on axil- lary peduncles, and sepals that are al lly yellowish-cream and faintly tinged with lilac proximally (Fig. 4). Characters Useful for Distinguishing Members of the Clematis glaucophylla Complex The members of the C. glaucophylla complex can be distinguished by differ- ences in habit, leaf dissection, leaf texture, leaflet shape, degree of vein reticu- lation, flower position, sepal color, habitat, and geography (Table 1; Fig. 1). In terms of habit, C. addisonii is the only erect non-viny member of the complex. It has stems that are mostly less than | m tall whereas the other spe- cies in the complex have viny stems mostly greater than 1 m in length. Dennis (1976) noted that while C. addisonii is the only species in the complex that ex- hibits this growth form, occasional individuals of C. addisonii bear apical branches that often become entangled and approach a viny habit. Leaf dissection is a character that is only generally useful for distinguish- ing species of the complex, the exception being C. addisonii. Clematis addisonii has leaves that are mostly simple but occasionally vary to pinnate with up to six leaflets. The rest of the species of the complex have leaves that are pinnate 74 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Taste 1.Characteristics of the Clematis glaucophylla complex, compiled from data pr ted in Dennis (1976) and Pringle (1997). texensis carizoensis versicolor addisonii glaucophylla iny>1m viny,> 1m viny,> 1m erect,< 1m viny,> 1m Leaf Dissection |-pinnate to ]-pinnate to 1-pinnate, simple, or distal 1-pinnate to pinnate pinnate- proximal leaves 1-pin- —_ pinnate- ternate, ternate, leaflets nate ternate, proximal leaf- — proximal leaf- ee proximal lets commonly lets commonly unlobec leaflets lobed lobed dk commonly or 3-foliate or 3-foliate 2-3 lobed lobed or 3-foliate Leaf Texture coriaceous coriaceous coriaceous thin thin Venation reticulate, reticulate, reticulate, not reticulate, — not reticulate, raised raised raised not raised not raised Flower Position mostly axillary mostly axillary mostly axillary mostly terminal mostly axillary Flower Color scarlet to yellowish pure redto purple to cherry red to e-red cream, ee os nder, purplish-red, — reddish- lilac-tinged creamy OF whitish distally purple proximally greenish distally to pinnate-ternate with more than six leaflets. The degree of compounding of the proximal leaflets is a useful yet non-diagnostic character that according to Erickson (1943) “must be used with judgment.” For example, Erickson (1943) noted that leaf dissection may generally be used to separate C. texensis and C. versicolor. Clematis glaucophylla, C. texensis,and C. carrizoensis frequently have lobed, divided, or ternate proximal leaflets whereas the proximal leaflets of C. versicolor are usually unlobed or rarely lobed or ternate. Erickson (1943) considered leaflet shape to be of general use in delimiting taxa, especially the leaflet apices. Generally, C. addisonii, C. glaucophylla, and C. versicolor have broadly to narrowly obtuse leaflet apices. Clematis texensis and C. carrizoensis have leaflet apices that are more frequently emarginatec apically but that vary to obtuse. Leaflets of C. carrizoensis, C. texensis, and C. versicolor are almost always mucronate at the apex. Among the species of the C. glaucophylla complex, two groups can be de- lineated based on leaf texture and degree of leaf vein reticulation. Clematis glaucophyllaand C. addisonii belong toa group characterized by relatively thin and non-reticulate leaves. The other group, consisting of C. carrizoensis, C. Wu ~ texensis and C. versicolor, has relatively thick and conspicuously reticulate leaves. Once again, these characters are relative and are hard to differentiate when only one species is encountered and can sometimes be difficult to assess ESTES, A NEW SPECIES OF CLEMATIS FROM TEXAS 75 from herbarium material. Furthermore, shade plants of all species of the com- plex may be thin and non-reticulate. Flower position is a character that is of limited taxonomic value in the C. glaucophylla complex. Most species have flowers borne on axillary peduncles, however, C. addisonii has flowers that are mostly borne on terminal peduncles. Perhaps one of the most useful characters for distinguishing the members of the C. glaucophylla complex is sepal color (Table 1, Fig. +). Unfortunately, it is also the character that is most difficult to preserve and interpret on herbarium specimens. In C. glaucophylla, the sepals are more frequently cherry red to red- dish-purple abaxially except distally they are often light colored. Clematis texensis has sepals that are generally scarlet or rose-red, and the red coloration is present on both the abaxial surface and on the distal portion of the adaxial surface. Compared to C. glaucophylla and C. texensis, the sepals of C. addisonii are more purplish, varying from light purple to purplish-red with whitish api- ces. Typical specimens of C. versicolor have sepals that are purplish-red or blu- ish-lavender proximally and cream-colored or greenish distally. The sepals of C.carrizoensis are yellowish-cream and lightly tinged with lilac proximally. Habitat can be used to distinguish the species of the C. glaucophylla com- plex to some extent. Clematis addisonii, C. texensis, and C. versicolor are appar- ently obligate calciphiles. Clematis glaucophylla is a facultative calciphile. Clematis carrizoensis is not associated with calcareous rock outcrops but rather is restricted to deep sandy soils. All of the species seem to grow best in edge habitats: however C. addisonii, C. texensis, and C. versicolor are sometimes found in closed-canopy forests. When incomplete or non-flowering specimens of species of the C. glaucophylla complex are encountered, the most reliable character that can be used to distinguish the species is geography. All of the taxa are allopatric. The ranges of C. versicolorand C.glaucophylla abut one another in portions of south- eastern middle Tennessee and possibly extreme northern Alabama. Clematis texensisand C. carrizoensisare restricted to Texas and C. addisoniti is restricted to Virginia. Clematis versicolor is found only in portions of Oklahoma, Arkan- sas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama; it should be also searched for in extreme northeastern Mississippi (Tishomingo Co.) and in extreme south- ern Illinois. Clematis glaucophylla occurs in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Tennessee. Alabama and Tennessee are the only two states that support more than one species of the complex. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE CLEMATIS GLAUCOPHYLLA COMPLEX (ADAPTED FROM ERICKSON 1943, DENNIS 1976, AND PRINGLE 1997) 1. Plants ascending to erect, sometimes branched above, rarely viny; middle and lower cauline leaves mostly simple; flowers mostly terminal; restricted to Ridge and Valle Province of western Virginia C. addisonii Britton 76 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) 1. Plants scrambling or climbing, viny; middle and lower cauline leaves compound; lowers axillary; species not erviginles. 2. Leaves usually thin,ad without raised secondary and ae veins C. glaucophylla Small 2. Leaves usually thick, adaxial surface with moderately to prominently raised secondal y al id tertiary veins 3. Abaxial surface of sepals scarlet to rose-red or PSOE C AID and one lilac tinged; leaflets mostly ovate to subrotund, base mostly subcordate to deeply cordate, apex usually Ue lower leaflets commonly 2-3- lobed or 3-foliate; plants restricted to Tex 4. Sepals scarlet to rose-red abaxially; stamens not densely or uniformly pubescent, connective mostly glabrous or with a few stiff trichomes; plants of limestone uplands of the Edwards's Plateau in south-central Texas C. texensis Buckley 4. Sepals yellowish-cream abaxially and lightly tinged with lilac; stamens densely and uniformly pubescent, connective moderately to densely pubescent; plants of deep sandy habitats of northeastern Texas __ C. carrizoensis Estes 3. Abaxial surface of sepals purplish-red or bluish-lavender proximally and cream-colored or greenish distally; leaflets mostly ovate to elliptic, base obtuse to subcordate, apex mostly obtuse; lower leaflets mostly unlobed and undivided, infrequently lobed or ternate; plants of the Interior High- lands of Missouri, Oklahoma, and Arkansas and the Interior Low Plateau of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama C. versicolor Smal! ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the faculty and staff at the following herbaria for loaning specimens or facilitating visits during this study: BRIT, MO, SMU, TENN, TEX- LL. Gratitude is also extended to R.L. Small, B.E. Wofford, and J. Beck for review- ing earlier versions of this article, to R. Naczi for preparing the Latin diagnosis, to J. Singhurst for assistance with field work, to C. Fleming for preparing the map, to S. Baskauf for use of his photo of C. versicolor,and to WC. Cart for use of his photo of C. texensis. REFERENCES Dennis, W.M.1976.A biosystematic study of Clematis, sect. Viorna, subsection Viornae PhD. Dissertation. The University of Tennessee. Knoxville Erickson, R.O. 1943. Taxonomy of Clematis section Viorna. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 30:1-62. Jones, R.L. 2005. Plant life of Kentucky: an illustrated guide to the vascular flora. The Uni- versity Press of Kentucky, Lexington. Kral, R. 1983. A report on some rare, threatened, or endangered forest-related vascular plants of the South. USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, Tech. Publ, R8-TP2. 2 vol- umes. KRAL, R. 1987. A new “Viorna” Clematis from northern Alabama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74:665-669. ESTES, A NEW SPECIES OF CLEMATIS FROM TEXAS 77 McBryoe, J.B. 1933. The vegetation and habitat factors of the Carrizo sands. Ecol. Monogr 3:249-297 Prinate, J.S. 1997. Clematis. In: Flora of North America north of Mexico. Volume 3. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae, ed. Flora of North America Editorial Committee. Oxford University Press, NY. Pp. 158-176. Sorrie, B.A.and A.S.Weaktey. 2001. Coastal Plain vascular plant endemics: phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66:50-82. 78 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) ANNOUNCEMENT The Rupert Barneby Award The New York Botanical Garden is pleased to announce that Rodrigo Duno de Stefano, of the Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan A.C. (CICY), is the recipient of the Rupert Barneby Award for the year 2006. He will be studying the family Leguminosae in the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP), Mexico. With about 60 genera and more than 260 species there, the Leguminosae are one of the most important plant elements of the Yucatan region. This study will also contribute toa revision of four legume genera for the “Illustrated Flora of the Yucatan Peninsula” (G. Carnevali, general editor). The New York Botanical Garden now invites applications for the Rupert Barneby Award for the year 2007. The award of US$ 1,000.00 is to assist research- ers to visit The New York Botanical Garden to study the rich collection of Leguminosae. Anyone interested in applying for the award should submit their curriculum vitae, a detailed letter describing the project for which the award is sought, and the names of 2-3 referees. Travel to the NYBG should be planned for sometime in the year 2007. The application should be addressed to Dr. James L. Luteyn, Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 200% Street and Kazimiroff Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126 USA, and received no later than December |, 2006. Announcement of the recipient will be made by De- cember 15¢, Anyone interested in making a contribution to THE RUPERT BARNEBY FUND IN LEGUME SYSTEMATICS, which supports this award, may send their check, payable to e New York Botanical Garden Dr. James L. Luteyn Institute of Systematic Botany The New York Botanical Garden 200th St. and Kazimiroff Blvd. Bronx, NY 10458-5126 USA SIDA 22(1): 78. 2006 HILL CANE (ARUNDINARIA APPALACHIANA), A NEW SPECIES OF BAMBOO (POACEAE: BAMBUSOIDEAE) FROM THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS JK. Triplett! A.S.Weakley Department of Ecology, Evolution Univ. of North Carolina Herbarium (NCU) and Organismal Biology North Carolina Botanical Garden lowa State University University of North Carolina Ames, lowa, 50011-1020, U.S.A. Campus Box 3280 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3280, U.S.A. L.G. Clark Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology lowa State University Ames, lowa, 50011-1020, U.S.A. ABSTRACT A newly recognized Sees of A Arundinaria from the southern Appalachian Moun ae! is nla illustrated, and compared with the related A.giganteaand A. tecta.A is distinguished by a combination of eecetiye morp hological characters hn eatures of branching ane as TORO By) a anatomy, and ecology. Recognition of this species is consistent monophy ly of the species and its sister relationship with A. te a A key for the eoaaienen of Arundinaria species in North America is included along with a comparative table based on morphology, leaf anatomy, and ecology. Key worps: bamboo, Arundinaria, eastern U.S., Appalachian Mountains RESUMEN — a ee pecie de Arundinaria del sur de la Cogulers ae ies saan y se ; | : laci las A gigantea y A.tecta.S r z= S por una 1 aad g vegetati 70. I] P le | if morfologia y anatomia de las hojas, y ecologia F] a : A dar £ genéticos que apoyan la monofilia de la especie nueva y su posicion como especie hermanaa A. tecta. Se incluye una clave para la identificacion de especies de Arundinaria en América del Norte y una tabla comparativa basada en la morfologia, anatomia de las hojas, y ecologia. Pacapras claves: bambu, Arundinaria, este de los Estados Unidos, la Cordillera Appalachiana INTRODUCTION Arundinaria Michx. is a genus of north temperate woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) with a complex taxonomic history involving numerous enti- ties that have been placed within it at one time or another over the past two ‘Author for correspondence (triplett@iastate.edu) SIDA 22(1): 79 - 95, 2006 80 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) hundred years (McClure 1973; Li 1997; Judziewicz et al. 1999), with older treat- ments including upwards of 400 heterogeneous species from Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Currently Arundinaria is treated in a restricted sense to include only those species endemic to the eastern United States (Ohrnberger 1999), but debate continues regarding the inclusion of certain Asiatic taxa (e.g., Pleioblastus Nakai, Pseudosasa Makino ex Nakai, Bashania P.C. Keng & Yi, and Oligostachyum Z.P. Wang & G.H. Ye) that share key morphological features with the North American species (Li 1997; Judziewicz et al. 1999). However, because Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. is the type species for the genus, its ge- neric placement is secure. As such, Arundinaria represents the only bamboos native to North America and the only temperate bamboos (the North Temper- ate clade of Clark et al., in press; Zhang & Clark 2000; Kelchner & Clark 1997) native to the New World, and provides another example of the classic disjunc- tion pattern in the flora of eastern Asia and eastern North America (Wen 1999). With a species richness ratio of approximately 20:1 up to 90:1, depending on which Asian group is used for comparison within the North Temperate bam- boo clade, Arundinaria and allies also provide an example of the intriguing asymmetry within this disjunction discussed by Guo and Ricklefs (2000). Arundinaria s.s. encompasses arborescent or subarborescent woody bam- boos with leptomorphic (running) rhizomes, persistent to deciduous and mostly glabrous culm leaves, and leaves at the tip of new shoots crowded into a dis- tinctive fan-shaped cluster or top knot with blades expanded as on foliage leaves. Branch complements typically have | primary branch and 0-2 subequal sec- ondary branches arising from shortened internodes at the base of the primary branch, which rebranch to produce up to 40 or more secondary branches on older culms. The culm and foliage leaves bear fimbriae and usually also au- ricles. Synflorescences in this group are determinate, open, and racemose or paniculate, with 6-12 laterally compressed florets per spikelet. Spikelets have 1-2 glumes and 3 stamens per floret. Like most temperate bamboos, Arundinaria has a basic chromosome number of x = 12 and presents several enigmatic characteristics including delayed flowering and monocarpy; repro- duction is primarily vegetative and seed production is infrequent and unpre- dictable. Arundinaria ss. is confined to southeastern portions of the continen- tal United States (specifically Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia), occurring from the Coastal Plain from New Jersey south to Florida and west to eastern Texas, and inland through the Piedmont to moder- ate elevations in the Appalachian Mountains. Arundinaria once formed exten- sive and dense canebrakes (with or without tree canopy) covering vast areas of fertile river bottomland often described by early explorers in the pre-colonial U.S. (West 1935), but has been greatly reduced in extent and abundance from TRIPLETT ET Al 81 its historical range by grazing and fire suppression (Hughes 1951, 1957, 1966; Platt & Brantley 1997; Judziewicz et al. 1999). Two species (Arundo gigantea Walter, Arundo tecta Walter) were originally described by Walter (1788) and represent extremes of morphological types found among inland and coastal forms, sometimes referred to as “Mississippi- type” and “Atlantic-type’ aan 1943), pees eeae ee (river cane or giant cane) forms extensive nies in low woods, moist ground, and along riverbanks from the lowlands east tof the Appalachians, west to Mis- souri, up the Mississippi Valley to southern Illinois and up the Ohio River to southern Ohio. Arundinaria tecta (Walt.) Muhl. (switch cane) forms colonies in non-alluvial swamps, moist pine barrens, live oak woods and along sandy margins of streams, preferring moister sites than A. gigantea. It is restricted to the Coastal Plain of the southeastern U'S., from southern Maryland to Alabama and Mississippi (McClure 1973; Hitchcock 1951). Within Arundinaria s.s., complex population-level variation has contin- ued to be problematic for taxonomists and field botanists (McClure 1973; Judziewicz et al. 1999; Platt & Brantley 1997). Phenotypic diversity among North American cane populations has inspired diverse taxonomic interpretations, generally with 1-3 taxa recognized at either specific or subspecific levels (Gilly 1943; Young & Haun 1961; Voight & Mohlenbrock 1964; Radford et al. 1968; Hitchcock 1971; McClure 1973; Campbell 1985; Tucker 1988; Platt & Brantley 1997). McClure (1973) published the most recent exhaustive treatment of Arundinaria and took a conservative approach, recognizing a single polymor- phic species (A. gigantea) and three subspecies, one of which [A. gigantea ssp. macrosperma (Michx.) McClure] is a catch-all for putative hybrids derived from the introgression of the other two. However, McClure acknowledged that fur- ther studies, particularly genetic-based studies, were necessary to clarify the phylogeny and taxonomy of this group. In the Southern Appalachians, astute botanical observers have long ques- tioned the identity of a curious short-statured cane that typically occupied sites away from streams and rivers. Among the diverse North American populations of Arundinaria, a variety with deciduous foliage was recorded by botanist C.D. Beadle in Western North Carolina (Beadle 1914; see also Young 1945). Beadle recognized this form as A. tecta var. decidua, not ruling out the possibility that it might in fact be a distinct species. It is unclear why Beadle associated this deciduous variety with A. tecta, although perhaps it was because of the small stature typically associated with A. tecta. In the first half of the nineteenth cen- tury, two botanists affiliated with the University of North Carolina Herbarium, William Willard Ashe and William Chambers Coker, made notes on specimens collected near Highlands, North Carolina indicating that the short, delicate, deciduous cane of the mountains might be a distinct taxon. Roland Harper (1928) was also intrigued by cane specimens occurring on bluffs in northern 82 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Alabama and thought that an unrecognized taxon might be present. In the lat- ter half of the twentieth century, botanists and ecologists have informally con- sidered the small, upland cane as “hill cane” and have been unconvinced that it could be assigned to either A. gigantea or A. tecta. Hill cane is often common in mesic and submesic Sones and upland woodlands. Moreover, because of over- lapping morphological characteristics, floristic descriptions of A. tecta and A. gigantea may be confounded by this distinct form of cane. For example, Arundinaria tecta has been described as occurring along river branches 450 to 580 feet above sea-level on the southeast slopes and along the courses of moun- tain streams and shady mesic hillsides in the foothill region, well back from water (Harper 1928; Peattie 1929), but these inland and upland habitats almost certainly are populated by hill cane, not switch cane. In our field work on Arundinaria, we located several widespread populations of hill cane along the southern Appalachian Mountain chain, extending the range of the form that Beadle described. Field work has been complemented by herbarium studies to produce our current understanding of the range for this entity. Species limits within Arundinaria s.s. have not been examined previously ina phylogenetic framework or with molecular tools. Our investigation of hill cane is part of a larger study of the phylogenetic history of the North Temper- ate bamboo clade (in collaboration with the Bamboo Phylogeny Group), and as part of that study we are reconstructing the phylogeny of river cane, switc cane, and hill cane utilizing Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) data to test the monophyly of putative species and to correlate the results with morphological and geographical characters, with the goal of producing a re- vised treatment of the genus. Ordination analyses (PCA) of mot phological char- acters and AFLP studies will be presented in a later publication. Preliminary cladistic analysis of AFLP data (Triplett & Clark, in prep.) dem- onstrated that the three types of cane form separate monophyletic lineages en- compassing two previously recognized entities (river cane and switch cane) and one entity encompassing those plants recognized as hill cane. Moreover, hill cane specimens from a wide geographic range cluster as the sister clade of A. tecta, rejecting the hypothesis that hill cane is an ecologically induced form of A. tecta and instead suggesting that it is a distinct lineage with a unique evolu- tionary history. These results prompted a reevaluation of diagnostic characters within Arundinaria s.s. Preliminary ordination (PCA) analyses of morphologi- cal characters similarly identified three non-overlapping entities and allowed us to recognize the most important diagnostic vegetative features. These groups correspond precisely with the three lineages derived from the AFLP data. We therefore propose the recognition of each entity at the species level: A. gigantea (river cane), A. tecta (switch cane) and a previously undescribed species (hill cane). In advance of the publication of the Flora of North America, we here describe and illustrate the new species, A. appalachiana Triplett, Weakley, & —_ =) TRIPLETT ET AL., A NEW SPECIES OF 83 L.G. Clark, from the southern Appalachian Mountains, and compare and con- trast it with its congeners A. gigantea and A. tecta. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field studies of natural populations conducted in October 2003 and July- October 2005. Standard bamboo collection procedures were followed (Soderstrom & Young 1983); bulky specimens of rhizomes, branch comple- ments, and culm nodes and internodes were made for all collections. Herbarium specimens from A, F, GA, GH, ISC, NCU, and US (herbarium acronyms following Holmgren & Holmgren 2006) were examined. While our taxonomic circumscription of Arundinaria s.s. is based on an approach com- bining morphological and molecular data, we have relied upon morphological characters to provide identifications of the specimens examined. Complete specimens, including culm leaves, buds, branch complements with foliage leaves, and synflorescences were rarely available, and some herbarium speci- mens of Arundinaria could not be conclusively assigned to species. Only one flowering specimen was located among the specimens identified as A. appalachiana. Specimens were measured for a variety of morphological characters, in- cluding foliage leaf length and width, inner ligule length, inflorescence length, spikelet length, and lengths of spikelet bracts (glumes I-IV, lemma and palea). Top knot (the cluster of leaves at the tip of new shoots) and foliage leaf lengths were measured from the base of the pseudopetiole to the tip of the blade. Leaf width was measured at the widest point. Primary branch length was measured from the point of origin at the node to the end of the branch axis. Synflorescence length was measured from the base of the basalmost branch to the apex of the main axis. Spikelets were removed from specimens and softened using a modi- fied Pohl’s solution (Pohl 1965: 750 ml distilled water, 250 ml 1-propanol, 2 ml liquid dish soap), dissected, examined, and measured for floral characters us- ing a dissecting microscope equipped with a micrometer. Anatomical charac- ters of leaf blades (both epidermal micromorphology and cross sections) were obtained using light microscopy of sections made following standard proto- cols for free hand sectioning and epidermal peels (Clark 1986; Ellis 1976, 1979). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Our decision to recognize this taxon at the species level is based upon the com- bination of phylogenetic and morphologic analyses with careful consideration of the decisions made in the past regarding the North American Arundinaria species complex and the ability to diagnose monophyletic units. This interpre- tation follows from morphological (ie., diagnostic characters) and phylogenetic (ie. unique ancestry) species concepts (Olmstead 1995; Sites & Marshall 2003): The features discussed below are those identified as the most diagnostic based 84 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1 on observations made during field work and morphological ordination analy- ses (PCA). The most consistent differences among the North American species are seen in vegetative characters including features of the rhizomes, culm in- ternodes and culm leaves, branching, and top knot and foliage blades, described below and summarized in Table 1. Distribution & ecology Arundinaria appalachiana is indigenous to the southern Appalachian Moun- tains where it occurs in the southern Blue Ridge, Blue Ridge /Piedmont Escarp- ment, upper Piedmont, and Ridge and Valley physiographic provinces (Fig. 1). The full extent of its distribution is still poorly known, because of the infre- quent collection of bamboos in eastern North America and the of ten poor qual- ity of the existing specimens; for this reason we have chosen to supplement vouchered specimens with additional county records based on what we con- sider reliable sight records of this new species (these counties should be veri- fied with vouchers). Hill cane iscommon in oak-hickory forests and woodlands on mesic, submesic, and xeric slopes and uplands, sometimes occurring as well in hillside seepages, but nearly always on slopes, bluffs, and ridges away from perennial streams, in contrast to the geographically sympatric A. gigantea. As- sociated overstory species include Quercus montana Willd., 9. coccinea Mtnchh., Q. alba L., Q. rubra L., Q. falcata Michx., Pinus echinata Mill. P virginiana Mill, Carya alba (L.) K. Koch, Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet, and Nyssa sylvatica Mar- shall. Although these slope and ridge forests are well-drained, the annual rain- fall amounts in this region are high and equably distributed. In the escarpment gorges of the Chattooga River, Whitewater River, Thompson River, Horsepasture River, Toxaway River, Horsepasture River, and Eastatoe Creek, the highest an- nual rainfalls in eastern North America (exceeding 80 inches a year) maintain higher then expected moisture levels even in topographic situations that tend tocreate xeric communities (ridgetops and convex upper slopes and side ridges) (Robinson 2000). Still, there is no question that hill cane occupies unusually dry and upland habitats compared to its congeners. Arundinaria gigantea typi- cally occurs on the floodplains of large to small rivers, sometimes edging onto lower portions of mesic slopes, whereas A. tecta typically occurs along small to medium blackwater rivers, in swamps, on deep peat in pocosins, and in small seepages with organic soils. Arundinaria dppalachiana is sympatric (at least in the broadest sense) with both of its congeners, in that it occurs in the same counties and within a few kilometers of populations of both A. gigantea and A. tecta. Within the re- gion occupied by A. appalachiana however, A. gigantea occurs only along the upper reaches of major rivers, notably the Little Tennessee and French Broad Rivers, while A. tecta also occurs at lower elevations and in different topographic and ecological situations. TRIPLETT ET AL., A NCW SF EXITED UF Taste 1. Morphological comparisons of A dinaringn palachiana,A. tecta, and A. gigantea. Character A. appalachiana A. tecta A. gigantea Rhizome air canals present or absent — present absen ulcus usually absent usually absent et present Culm leaf duration persistent persistent eciduous Culm leaf auricles absent present, deciduous present, deciduous Top knot number of leaves 6-12 9-12 - Top knot leaf blade length (cm) 9-22.5 20-30 16-24 Compressed basal internodes 2-5 2-4 0-1 n primary branch 1° branch basal nodes: 2° branches absent present,subequal — present, subequal Primary branch length (cm) 7-33 usually >50 15-25 Foliage leaf blade length (cm) 5-20 7-23 8-15 Foliage leaf blade width (cm) 8-2 1-2 0.8-1.3 Foliage leaf vestiture pilose or glabrous densely pubescent densely pubescent or glabrous or glabrous Foliage leaf duration deciduous evergreen evergreen Foliage leaf texture chartaceous coriaceous subcoriaceous Foliage leaf abaxial tessellation weakly tessellate strongly tessellate | 1] DUUT ly LESSEN GLO The species biology of A. appalachiana is poorly understood. Its congeners are long-lived monocarpic perennials, and this appears to be the case with A. appalachiana as well. It has been seen flowering and fruiting even more infre- quently than its congeners; judging from its habitat, its flowering and fruiting may be stimulated by fire (like A. tecta), and the paucity of fertile specimens may reflect the general suppression of fire in its habitat through the twentieth century. Field observations suggest that clones of A. appalachiana are slow- growing and very long-lived, certainly persisting for decades and likely for cen- turies. Morphology Rhizomes.—The rhizomes of A. appalachiana are leptomorphic, a characteristic they share with other north temperate woody bamboos; however, in many cases the growing tips of new rhizomes travel only a short distance before turning up to form a new culm, thus presenting a sympodial branching pattern. This pat- tern also occurs in A. tecta but has not been confirmed for A. gigantea. An inter- esting characteristic of this species is the variability in air canal development (McClure 1963). Air canals are present in some specimens but not others, and may in fact be longitudinally and peripherally discontinuous in rhizomes of A. appalachiana. Air canals are ntly continuous. Culm internodes.—Although the culm internodes of A. appalachiana can lyf present in A. tecta and desta Be 86 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Ree Py ae aie. ee Ceae ar co aewen aaa Syste ea NI Oy anes serene Ee to ee sta oo KD RES be somewhat flattened behind the branch complement, the internodes lack a prominent groove or sulcus. This is consistent with A. tecta but contrasts with A. gigantea, which typically has internodes that are prominently sulcate. Branching.—In bamboos, the morphology and architecture of the set of branches arising from culm nodes (the branch complement) is a source of nu- merous taxonomically useful characters. In Arundinaria, the pattern of short- ened or compressed internodes at the base of primary branches and the extent and pattern of secondary branching are especially valuable. The branch comple- ment of A. appalachiana is characterized by 2-5 shortened or compressed in- ternodes at the base of the primary branch, without rebranching in this basal area. The first elongated internode above the shortened ones is typically con- strained to ~30% the length of distal internodes. In contrast, A. tecta, while having a similar pattern of compressed internodes, typically will produce buds and branches from the nodes in the area of compression, creating subequal branches from the base of the primary branch. Arundinaria gigantea typically has only one (or no) compressed basal internode, but if present, this node may produce a secondary branch. Primary branches in A. appalachiana are usually TRIPLETT ET Al 87 less than 35 cm long. In contrast, A. tecta produces long primary branches usu- ally >50 cm. Culm leaves.—The culm leaves of A.appalachiana are typically shorter than their associated internodes at the base of the plant, becoming progressively longer towards the top knot. At midculm they are approximately the same length as the associated internode. In contrast, midculm culm leaves of A. tecta are longer than their associated internodes, and those of A. gigantea shorter. Arundinaria appalachiana and A. tecta have persistent culm leaf sheaths, whereas A. gigantea has deciduous sheaths. The culm leaf sheaths of A. appalachiana are tessellate; however, their tessellation is not as pronounced as itisin A. tecta. The culm leaves lack well-developed, prominent auricles, unlike A. gigantea and A. tecta. Top knot and foliage leaves.—In Arundinaria, leaves at the tip of new culms are crowded into a distinctive fan-shaped cluster or top knot, with their blades expanded as on foliage leaves. The top knot leaf blades of A. appalachiana are typically 9-22.5 cm in length, while A. tecta typically has larger blades (20-30 cm long); those of A. gigantea are typically 16-24 cm in length. The foliage leaf blades of A.appalachiana are deciduous; bladeless branches persist on the plants after leaf drop, often with the older sheaths still intact. The blades are chartaceous, presumably, since the blades are deciduous, the plant invests less energy in producing them by producing less sclerenchyma. In contrast, the leaves of A. gigantea are persistent and subcoriaceous, while leaves of A. tecta are persistent and coriaceous. The abaxial surfaces of the leaf blades of A. appalachiana are weakly tessellate, whereas in A. gigantea and A. tecta they are strongly tessellate. The abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces are typically sparsely to more or less densely pilose (glabrous in some populations) in A. appalachiana. Leaf blades of A. gigantea are typically densely pubescent with short, soft hairs on abaxial surfaces, while the blades of A. tecta are densely pubescent on both surfaces; neither of these pubescence patterns has been seen in A.appalachiana It is important to note that Arundinaria gigantea and Arundinaria tecta can both survive in deeper shade in the forest, albeit in stunted conditions, and thus it is possible to find diminutive or depauperate plants of both that super- ficially resemble hill cane, mostly in stature. However, a combination of char- acters such as the branch complement, leaf texture, and leaf pubescence are usually sufficient to distinguish these stunted forms of river and switch cane from hill cane populations and from each other TAXONOMIC TREATMENT KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ARUNDINARIA SENSU STRICTO 1. Primary branches with 0-1 compressed basal internodes; culm internodes usually sulcate; culm leaves deciduous A. gigantea 88 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1 1. Primary branches with 2-5 compressed basal internodes; culm internodes usually terete; culm ies Salsa to oy cele UOUS. 2. Foliage bl Is, persiste f ly pubescent or gla- brous, elk tessellate; tae ae eae usually more than 50 cm long, basal nodes developing secondary branches; top sus blades a. 30. cm long A.tecta 2: ieee we hartaceous, deciduous, al | glabrot Is. Weakly branches usually less than 35cm ong. basal ode: not devel- oping secondary branches; top knot blades 9-22.5 cm long A. appalachiana Arundinaria appalachiana Triplett, Weakley @ L.G. Clark, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-5). TYPE: Ue STATES. ALABAMA: Dekalb Co.: Desoto State Park by Rt. 89 (34° 30' N Lat; 85° 38' W Long.), ~ ca. 515 m, 25 Jul 2005, Triplett & Ozaki 99 (HOLOTYPE: ISC; ISOTYPES: MO, NCU, UNA, U Rhizomata leptomorpha, strat l eri i lum praesenti.Culmi 2-6 mm diametro, 0.5-1.8 m alti, omnino glabri, erecti. nternodia 4.5-12 cm ronga te teretia ailgine sulco). Vaginae culmorum 5.5-11(-15) cm longae, persistentes, sine auriculis. Culmi j inali(5-)6-12 foliorum, laminis (5-)9-22.5 cm longibus, 1.4-2.8 cm latibus, linear bee vel lineari-lanceolatis vel ovati- lanceolatis, pilosis vel interdum glabris. Rami pew ad nodos medianos c I 3 en longi, internodiis abbreviatis sine gemmis basi 2-5. Folia eae complementi 3-7. Laminae foliorum (3-)5-20 cm longae, 0.5-2 cm latae, shanties ae, deciduae, pilosae vel interdum glabrae, abaxialiter infirme tessellatae. Synflorescentiae 7-11.5 cm ee 2-5 cm latae, determinatae racemosae apertae; pedicelli 4-25 mm longi, spiculis 6-8. Spiculae 3-5.5 cm longae, glumis 1(-2), flosculis basilibus interdum sterilibus, 5-8 flosculis fertilibus continentibus et anthoeciis rudimentalibus terminalibus 1-3; glumae inaequales, 5-nervatae, attenuatae, glabrae; gluma I 3-6.5 mm longa; gluma II 5.5-9 mm longa; lemmata fertilia 11-16 mm longae, 7-1l-nervata, apicibus acutis vel acuminatis, abaxialiter glabris; palea LO-13 mm longa, 8-10-nervata. Stamina 3; anthera 5-7 mm Woody bamboo. Plants of diffuse to (pluri-) caespitose habit. Rhizomes leptomorphic, usually horizontal for a only short distance before turning up at the apex to form a culm (therefore often presenting a sympodial branching pattern), hollow (with a small central lumen), peripheral air canals sometimes present (if so, apparently discontinuous longitudinally and/or peripherally). Culms 2-6 mm in diameter, 0.4-L8 m tall, erect, tillering; internodes 4.5-12 cm long (progressively shorter towards culm apex), terete, hollow, glabrous, flat- tened behind the branch complement on larger culms but the sulcus not promi- nent; nodes solitary, the nodal line horizontal, supranodal ridge not aoe bud one per node (single) on a slight promontory, triangular, the shoulders of the prophyll ciliate. Culm leaves persistent, approximately equaling associated internodes at midculm, typically shorter than associated internodes at the culm base, becoming proportionally longer towards the culm apex; sheaths 5.5-11 (-15) cm long, shortest on lower nodes, becoming progressively longer towards the culm apex, glabrous, margins ciliate; blades 0.5-1.4 cm long, triangular to lanceolate, reflexed to erect, glabrous, deciduous, intergrading into top knot leaves; auricles absent; fimbriae 1-9 mm long, ascending to erect; inner ligules ca. 0.1 mm long, a fringe of short cilia; outer ligule absent. Top knot leaves in an apical cluster of (5-)6-12; sheaths glabrous, margins ciliate; auricles absent; fim- 90 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Fic. 3. Arundi hiana. A. Partially di I florets. B. Synfl with five spike- lets. Scale bar = 1 cm. m. Drawings based on Ahles & Leisner 15147. (Illustrations by J. Triplett) briae 1-9 mm, ascending to erect; blades (5-)9-22.5 cm long, 1.4-2.8 cm wide, L:W = 8.3-9.3, linear, linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, chartaceous, pilose or glabrous, abaxially weakly tessellate, apices acuminate, bases attenuate to cuneate, midrib + centric. Branching infravaginal (rarely extravaginal); primary branches | per node, 7-33cm long, with 2-5 compressed basal internodes, basal nodes not developing secondary branches; first elongated internode shorter than subsequent ones (~30%); higher order branches present on older plants, reiter- ating the 1° branch (ie., with the same pattern of compressed basal internodes and branching). Foliage leaves 3-7 per complement; sheaths glabrous, margins ciliate, weakly tessellate; auricles absent; fimbriae 1-9 mm, ascending to erect; inner ligule glabrous or ciliate, fimbriate or lacerate; outer ligule present as a minute rim: blades linear, linear-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, chartaceous, deciduous, surfaces pilose (sometimes glabrous), abaxially weakly tessellate, apices acuminate, bases attenuate to cuneate, midrib + centric; primary branch foliage leaf blades (4-)9-20 cm long, (0.5-)0.8-2 cm wide; L:W =10.7-1L7; higher order branch foliage leaf blades (3-)5-17.5 cm long, (0.5-)0.8-15 cm wide; ter- minal foliage leaf blade aaa unexpanded laterally, pasa: but persisting as a tail-like appendag 7-11.5cm long, 2-5 cm wide, determi- wo TRIPLETT ET AL., ANEW SPFEAILS UP 91 Fics. 4-5. Arundinaria appalachiana. 4. Habit, in Rhea Co., Tennessee. 5. Close-up of primary branch with compressed basal internodes, Dekalb Co., Alabama. (Photos by J. Triplett) nate, open-racemose, apparently borne on specialized nonleafy shoots; peduncle 10-17 cm long (3 measured), glabrous, terete; rachis glabrous; pedicels 4-25 mm long; 6-8 spikelets per synflorescence. Spikelets 3-5.5 cm long, laterally com- pressed, disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets, consisting of 1(-2) glumes, occasionally a basal sterile floret, 5-8 fertile florets and 1-3 progressively rudimentary apical sterile florets; rachilla internodes 3-4 mm long; glumes unequal, 5-nerved, attenuate, glabrous; glume I 3-6.5 mm long; glume II 5.5-9 mm long; fertile lemmas 11-16 mm long, 7-1l-nerved, apex acute or acuminate, abaxially glabrous, transverse veinlets barely perceptible or not at all manifest, usually somewhat reddish-purple; paleas 10-13 mm long, 8-10- nerved, broadly sulcate and 2-keeled dorsally; lodicules and ovary not seen. Sta- mens 3; anthers 5-7 mm long. Fruit not seen. Distribution and Ecology.—(Fig. 1). Endemic to the southern Appalachians and upper Piedmont of northeastern Alabama, northern Georgia, southwest- ern North Carolina, northwestern South Carolina, and southeastern Tennessee, United States; 300-800(-1065) m. In upland oak-hickory-pine forests on slopes, less typically in more mesic sites, seeps, or along small streams. Phenology.—Lack of specimens in flower or information on the extent of 92 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) blooming makes it impossible to determine flowering behavior in this species at present. Of the specimens cited below, only one confirmed flowering speci- men of this species was identified, suggesting that flowering may be an even rarer event in this species than in most woody bamboos. Etymology.—Arundinaria appalachiana is named for its distribution in the forests of the Appalachian Mountains. Common name.—hill cane. R ined: UNITE D STATES, ALABAMA. Dekalb Co.: Little River Canyon National peste plot PIEC 27, 2002, McDaniel s.n.(NCU); in steep wooded bank of West Fork, Little River, across stream from overlook shelter, DeSoto State neh 9 May 1959, Sherman & Carter 25747 (GH); Desoto State Park on trail by Laurel Creek (34° 30'N Lat; 85° 38’ W Long.), elev. ca. 515m, 25 Jul 2005, Triplett & Ozaki 100 USC, MO, US). GEORGIA. Bartow Co.: in woods on S side of Stamp Creek Rd. just E of Jones Mill Rd. (34° 14' N Lat; 84° 40' W Long.), elev. ca. 311 m, 26 Sep 2005, Triplett 166 CISC, MO, US). Rabun Co.: maple-birch-magnolia association, Laurel Creek Olivine Deposit, 1.5 mi E of Pine Mt., 21 Jun 1946, Radford s.n. (NCU ): + -hickory woods on Pine Mt., Bald Rd., 4 Jun 1952, Radford 6134 (NCU); Warwoman Road and Overflow Creek bridge, N side, 20 May 1996, Stancil 950 (GA); in swamp near top of Oakey Mountain, SE of Nacoochee Reservoir, 25 May 1941, Duncan 3283 (GA); on trail from 155 0.5 mi S of Kattie Place, elev. ca. 790 m, 22 Oct 1995, Milsted & Zhang 585 (GA); pine-oak woodland near roadside park, | mi N of Tallulah Falls River, 9 May 1967, Isely, Welsh, & Isely 10286 USC), 2 mi N of Warwoman Rd. along GA 28, scattered aan mature woods W of road (34° 57'N Lat; 83° LO’ W Long.), elev. ca. 687 m, 25 Oct 2003, Triplett & Clark 20 (SC, MO, US). Stephens Co.: Deep gorge, Cedar Creek, Camp Mikell Rd. off GA 184, just W of Camp Mikell and N of Toccoa (34 08' 06" N. lat; 83 20' 13” W. long), elev. ca. 300 m, 19 Jun 1975, Boufford & Wood 16501 (NCU), NW- facing ravines and ridges on the S side of Panther Creek, SW of Yonah Lake (Tugaloo River), N of Toccoa (34 43' 30” N. lat; 83 21' 13” W. long.), 25 Jun 1975, Boufford & Wood 16766 (NCU). NORTH CAROLINA. Clay Co.: Oak-hickory woods, 4 mi NW of Hayesville, 5Jun 1952, Radford & Wood 6162 (NCU). Gaston Co.: low woodland near the northern tip of Pasour Mt., about 3 mi SSW of High Shoals, 21 Jun 1956, Ahles & Leisner 15147 (NCU); oak-hickory woods on Crowder’s Mt, 4 Jun 1953, Radford 7084 (NCU). Graham Co.: small population on N side of Santeetlah Dam Rd. (SR 1146) just off Hwy 129 (35° 22'N Lat; 83° 5I’ W Long.), elev. ca. 537 m, 2 Oct aie eran MO, US). Jackson Co. on highway between Dillsboro & Park Entranc n e top of bank by roadside, 26 = Jul 1937, Coker s.n. (NCU); Cope Creek ae ne af NC 23 out ci ae growing among Polytrichum sp., Pine, and sedge (35° 23' N Lat; 83° Long.), elev. ca. 675 m, 25 Oct 2003, Triplett & Clark 21 CISC, MO, US). Lincoln Co.: rich oe forest and stream banks 0.4 mi W of Cat Square, 28 Apr 1957, Bell 6638 (NCU). Macon Co.: maple-birch-magnolia (cove) association, Corundum Hill Olivine Deposit, 1 1/2 mi NW Gneiss, 15 Jun 1946, Radford s.n.(NCU); Horse Cove near Highlands, 3 Sep 1948, Radford s.n. (NCU); in deep, shaded ravine at top of pasture at foot of Whiterock Mountain, 7 mi from Otto, NC on Tessentee Creek Rd., elev. ca. 1065 m, 7 Aug 1938, Stewart & Hechenbleikner s.n. (NCU) pine-broom-straw association, Corundum Hill Olivine Deposit, 1.5 mi NW Gneiss, 15 Aug 1946, Rad- ford sn. (NCU); Mulberry Rd. ca. 0.5 mi off 441, on steep hillside among oak, rhododendron, and maple (35° OLN Lat; 83° 23' W Long.), elev. ca. 647 m, 25 Oct 2003, Triplett, Clark, & Weakley 19 (SC, MC . McDowell Co.: near Marion, 25 Oct 1915, Ashe s.n. (NCU). Polk Co.: 4 mi W of Tyron, valley of Fall Creek in wet mez dows on eee in reservoir, 19 Jun 1942, Walker 3469 (US). Rutherford Co.: wet ditch on CR 1721 2 mi N of Sunshine, 24 Jun 1967, Smith 74 (NCU). Swain Co.: Bryson City, by stream, 1] Jul 1927, Hunne a sn. (GH); Bryson City, private property on W side of Wiggins Rd., 0.3 mi up from Betts Branch (SR 1343) (35° 26' N Lat; 83° 25' W Long.), elev. ca. 601 m, | Oct 2005, Triplett 184 (SC, MO, US). Transylvania Co.: rocks and cliffs on side of mountain, 100 to 200 feet ee the bank of Davidson River, Pisgah Forest, 28 Sep 1915, Ashe s.n. (NCU); Pisgah Forest, roac to TRIPLETT ET AL., A 93 Pink Beds, 23 Aug 1938, Stewart s.n. (NCU); Middle Bearcamp Creek area, roadside, Highlands, 2 Aug 1962, Rodgers & Shake 62165a (NCU), oak woods near Looking Glass Falls, 7 Jun 1952, Radford & Wood 6192 (NCU); Horsepasture Gorge, roadside about 1 mi W of crossing, elev. ca. 488 m, oyun 1961, Rodgers 6162a (NCU). SOUTH CAROLINA. Greenville Co.: Cedar Mountain, 0.4 mid road mi S of Caesar's Head SP Visitor Center (35° 05' N Lat; 82° 36’ W Long,), ae ca.515 m, 30 Sep 2005, Triplett 179 (SC, MO, US). Oconee Co.: oak-hickory woods ridge above Walhalla Fish Hatchery, ca. 11 mi N of junction of S.C. Routes 28 and 107 on Route 107, 9 Jun 1952, Wood 7879(A); Hill property, NW side Old Rocky Gap Road, W side West Village Creek near creek, Mountain Rest, Blue Ridge prov- ince, elev. ca. 520 m., 24 Aug 1991, Hill 22585 (GH). Pickens Co.: mixed deciduous forest, 3 mi N of pe Bottom near US 178, 22 Aug 1956, ta 16758 (NCU); Boggs’ Rock, granite-gneiss outcrop N of Liberty, 3 Jun 1974, Knox 407 (NCU) wooded slope, 2.4 mi S of NC line on US 178, 8 Jun 1956, small plant at summit of mountain, in hardwood forest. 29 Jun 1957, Pohl 7664A (ISC). Monroe Co.: White Cliff Springs, Jul 1890, Lamson-Scribner s.n. (US). Polk Co.: Boyd Gap Overlook above Ocoee River, 4.2 mi W of Hwy 68, on steep wooded hillside just beyond entrance to Boyd Gap Trail #331 (35° 02' N Lat; 84° 27' W Long.), elev. ca. 529 m, 26 Sep 2005, ae 165 (SC, MO, US). Rhea ve Firetower Rd just off Hwy 68 next to Grandview Community Center and below intersection wit Emergency Road (35° 44’ N Lat; 84° 50’ W Long.), elev. ca. 445 m, 3 Oct ee Triplett 188 (ISC, MO, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Field work was supported by a Graduate Research Grant from the American Society of Plant Taxonomists and grants from the American Bamboo Society to JT as well as a National Geographic Society Grant (#7336-02) to LC. Support for JT and for the final preparation of this manuscript came from a National Science Foundation Grant (DEB-0515712) to LC. We are indebted to Angus Gholson (Chattahoochee, FL), Michael Hotchkiss (USDA, Byron, GA), Robert and Lauren Clark (Peachtree City, GA), Jim and Frankie Triplett (Winston-Sa- lem, NC), Gary Kauffman, Linda Lee Leslie, Adam and Sue Turtle (Earth Advo- cates Research Farm, Summertown, TN), and Julian Campbell (TNC, Lexing- ton, KY) for their hospitality or assistance in locating populations of Arundinaria. We also thank the curators of the herbaria that loaned specimens for this study. We are grateful to Gary Kauffman, Keith Langdon, Virginia McDowell, Tom Govus, and Mike Schafale for their interest and assistance in resolving the persistent taxonomic issue of the correct identity of the small upland mountain cane. Chris Stapleton (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) kindly pointed out to us the importance of compressed internodes in the taxonomy of this group and Emmet Judziewicz (Dept. of Biology, University of Wisconsin- Stevens Point) suggested the specific epithet. REFERENCES Beaote, C.D. 1914. Bamboo. In: Bailey, L.H. The standard cyclopedia of horticulture, Vol. 1. New York: The Macmillan Company. P. 446. Campsett, J.N. 1985. The land of cane and clover: presettlement vegetation in the so-called bluegrass region of Kentucky. Herbarium Report, University of Kentucky, Lexington. 94 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1 Car, L.G. 1986. Systematics of Chusquea Section Chusquea, Section Swallenochloa, Sec- tion Verticillatae, Section Serpentes, and Section Longifoliae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, lowa State University, Ames. CiarK, L.G.,S. DRANSFIELD, J. TRIPLETT, aNd J.G. SANCHEZ- ey (In eiese): Phylogenetic relationships among the one-flowered, determinat f Bambuseae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). In:Columbus, J.T.,E.A. Friar, C.W. rion JM. es L.M.Prince,and M.G.Simpson,eds Monocots: comparative biology and evolution. 2 vols. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gar- den, Claremont, California, U.S.A. Eiuis, RP. 1976. A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf blade anatomy in the Poaceae. |. The leaf blade as viewed in transverse section. Bothalia 12:65-109. Eis, R.P. 1979. A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf blade anatomy in the Poaceae. Il. The epidermis as seen in surface view. Bothalia 12:641—-672 Gity, C.L. 1943. A preliminary investigation of the North American canes (Arundinaria). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 70:297-309. Guo, Q.and R.E. Rickters. 2000. Species richness in plant genera disjunct between temper- ate eastern Asia and North America. Bot.J. Linn. Soc. 134:401- Harper, R.M. 1928. Economic botany of Alabama.Part 2.Catalogue of the trees, shrubs, and vines of Alabama, with their economic properties and local distribution. Geol. Survey Alabama Monogr. 9:1-357. HitcHcock, A.S. 1951. Manual of grasses of the United States. Rev. by Agnes Chase. 2nd ed. USDA Misc. Pub. 200, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. HitcHcock, A.S. 1971. Manual of the grasses of the United States. Dover Publ., New York. Hoimaren, PK.and N.H.Houmeren. 1998 onwards (continuously updated). Index herbariorum. New York Botanical Garden. http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp Hucues, R.H. 1951. Observations of cane (Arundinaria) flowers, seed, and seedlings in the North Carolina coastal plain. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 78:113-121. Hucues, RH. 1957.Response of cane to burning in the North Carolina coastal plain. North Carolina Agric. Exp. Stat. Bull. 402. Hucues, RH. 1966. Fire ecology of canebrakes. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Tall Tim- bers Fire Ecology Conference, March 24-25, 1966. Mimeographed. uoziewicz, E.J., L.G. Ciark, X. LonDono, and MJ. Stern. 1999. American bamboos. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, DC. KeLCHNeR, S.A.and L.G.Cark. 1997.Molecular evolution and phylogenetic utility of the chlo- roplast rp/16 intron in Chusquea and the Bambuscideae (Poaceae). Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 8:385-397. Li,D.Z.1997.The flora of China Bambusoideae Project: Problems and current understand- ing of bamboo taxonomy in China. In: Chapman, G.P., ed. The bamboos. Linnean Soci- ety of London Symposium Series. Academic Press, London. McCture, F.A. 1963. A new feature in bamboo rhizome anatomy. Rhodora 65:134-136. McCiure, F.A. 1973. Genera of bamboos native to the New World (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 9. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C Oumstead, R.G. 1995. Species concepts and plesiomorphic species. Syst. Bot. 20:623-630. TRIPLETT ET AL 95 Onrneercer, D. 1999. The bamboos of the World. Elsevier. Peattie, D.C. 1929. Flora of the Tyron region. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc 44:141-229. Piatt, S.G. and C.G. Brantiey. 1997. Canebreaks: An ecological and historical perspective. Castanea 62:8-21. Pout, R.W. 1965. Dissecting equipment and materials for the study of minute plant structures.Rhodora 67: 95-96. Raproro, A.E., H.E. AHLes, and C.R. Beit. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. Rosinson, PJ. 2000.Weather and climate. In:Orr, D.M., Jr.and A.W. Stuart. The North Carolina atlas: portrait for a new century. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. Pp. 21-30. Sites, J.W. Jr. and J.C. MarsHALL. 2003. Delimiting species: a renaissance issue in systematic botany. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18:462-470. SoperstroM, T.R. and S.M. Younc. 1983. A guide to collecting bamboos. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70:128-136. Tucker, G.C. 1988. The genera of Bambusoideae (Gramineae) in the southeastern United States. J.Arnold Arbor. 69:239-273. VoiGHT, J.W. and R.H. MoHLensrock. 1964. Plant communities in southern Illinois. Southern illinois University Press, Carbondale. Wacter, T. 1788. Flora Caroliniana.J. Fraser, London. Wen, J. 1999. Evolution of eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunct distribu- tions in flowering plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 30:421-455. West, EM. 1935.Canebrakes of the southeastern United States. The Ohio State University Press. Abstracts of Doctors’ Dissertations, number 16:253-265. Youna, R.A. 1945.Bamboos for American horticulture (I). Natl. Hort. Mag. 24:195-196. Youne, R.A. and J.R. Haun. 1961. Bamboo in the United States: descriptions, culture, and utilization. United States Dept. Agric., Crops Res. Div., Agric. Handbook No. 193, Wash- ington, D.C. ZHANG, W.P. and L.G. Ciark. 2000. Phylogeny and classification of the Bambusoideae (Poaceae). In: Jacobs, $.W.L.,and J. Everetts, eds. Grasses: systematics and evolution. Pp. 35-42. CSIRO, Melbourne 96 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) ANNOUNCEMENT The 2006 Applications Delzie Demaree Travel Award Applications for the 2006 Delzie Demaree Travel Award should include a letter from the applicant telling how symposium attendance will benefit his/her graduate work and letter of recommendation sent by the major professor. Please send letters of application to: Dr Donna M.E. Ware, P.O. Box 8795, Herbarium, Biology Department, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185- 8795, U.S.A. 1-757-221-2799, Email: ddmware@wm.edu. The period for receiv- ing applications will end three weeks prior to the date of the symposium if a sufficient number of applications are in hand at that time. Anyone wishing to apply after that date should inquire whether applications are still being ac- cepted before applying. The Systematics Symposium dates for 2006 are 13-14 October. The Delzie Demaree Travel Award was established in 1988 honoring Delzie Demaree who attended 35 out of a possible 36 symposia before he died in 1987. Delzie Demaree was a frontier botanist, explorer, discoverer, and teacher. His teaching career as a botanist began in Arkansas at Hendrix College in 1922. He also taught botany at the University of Arkansas, Navajo Indian School, Yale School of Forestry, Arkansas AQM, and Arkansas State University at Jonesboro where in retired as professor emeritus in 1953. One of the things he enjoyed most as a botanist was assisting students with their field botany research. — SIDA 22(1): 96. 2006 REVISION OF BAUHINIA SUBGENUS BAUHINIA SECTION AMARIA (CERCIDEAE: CAESALPINIOIDEAE: FABACEAE) Richard PR Wunderlin Department of Biolog University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620-5200 U.S.A rwunder@cas.usfedu ABSTRACT £R 1 ere | R . A A taxonomic treatment are recognized in series Decandrae andl one species is recognized in series Stenanthae. Bauhinia amatlana Wunderlin from southern Mexico, Bauhinia arborea Wunderlin from Ecuador, Bauhinia Fifteen species ayabacensis wie from Ecuador and Peru, and Bauhinia geniculata Wunderlin from Colombia are described and the combination Bauhinia aca eae ‘ Triana ex Hooker f. var. caudigera (S.F Blake) Wunderlin is proposed. Keys, descriptions data are provided. RESUMEN Se presenta un tratamiento taxonomico de Bauhinia subgénero Bauhinia secci6n Amaria. Se reconocen quince especies en la serie Decandrae y unaen oe serie ae nae Se edescPen Baubiiie d amatlana Wunderlin del Sur de México, Bauhinia arborea Wunderlin de Ecuador y Pert, y Bauhinia geniculata Wunderlin de Colombia, y se propone la combinacion Bauhinia petiolata (DC.) Triana ex Hooker f. var. caudigera (S.F Blake) Wunderlin. Se aportan claves, descripciones, y datos sobre la distribucion. The pantropical genus Bauhinia with approximately 300 species consists of four subgenera: Bauhinia, Piliostigma [=Elayunal, Barklya, and Phanera (Wunderlin et al. 1987). Bauhinia subgenus Bauhinia, as defined by Wunderlin et al., contains nine sections, of which three (Bauhinia, Pauletia, and Amaria) are New Wor This is the first of several proposed taxonomic treatments of the New World species of Bauhinia. Previous regional treatments in the last half-century such as those for Argentina (Fortunato 1986, 1997), Nicaragua (Wunderlin 2001), Panama (Wunderlin 1976), western Mexico (McVaugh 1987), Venezuelan Guayana (Wunderlin 1998), Middle America (Wunderlin 1983), and parts of the genus for Brazil (Vaz 1979; Vaz and Tozzi 2003) will be placed in the larger con- text of the entire genus for the Americas following Wunderlin et al. (1987). In the following revision, 16 species are recognized as comprising section Amaria. Fifteen of these are in series Decandrae and one in series Stenanthae. Series Triandrae, containing the single species Bauhinia pansamalana Donn. Sm. and placed in section Amaria by Wunderlin et al. (1987), is here transferred to section Bauhinia and combined in series Remotae with B. pinheiroi SIDA 22(1): 97- 122. 2006 = 98 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Wunderlin with which it shares the characters of three fertile stamens and the same pollen type. The pollen sexine of B. pansamalanda is striate-reticulate and lacks the infratectal processes characteristic of section Amaria. Bauhinia section Amaria (S. Mutis ex Caldas) Endl. Gen. PI. 1318. 1840. Amarias. Mutis ex Caldas, Semanario Nueva Granada 2:25. 1810. TYPE DC. [=Bauhinia petiolata (S. Mutis ex DC.) Triana ex Hook. | ton and Killip (Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 36:164. 1936). : Amaria petiolata S. Mutis ex |. Lectotype designated by Brit- Trees or shrubs; branches lacking infrastipular spines. Leaves unlobed, bilobed, or rarely bifoliolate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary; floral bud ellipsoid to clavate. Hypanthium cupulate or turbinate to short-tubular; calyx spathaceous, sometimes irregularly splitting into several lobes in late aawhiesis petals 5, subequal; fertile stamens 10, the inner 5 shorter than the outer 5, or the inner 5 staminodial, the filaments connate at the base or free; pollen spheroidal, inaperturate or 3-colporoidate, the tectum reticulate or rarely striate-reticulate, with eT slunt spine-like or rarely low tectal processes continuous from the foot layer through the tectum (infratectal) or rarely supratectal; gynophore partly adnate to the abaxial wall of the hypanthium; stigma oblique-capitate. Fruit dehiscent. KEY TO THE SERIES OF BAUHINIA SECTION AMARIA 1. Fertile stamens 10; petals spreading | oO. | Series Decandrae . Fertile stamens 5; petals strongly imbricate, the corolla forming a pseudotube |. Series Stenanthae |. Bauhinia series Decandrae Wunderlin, K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen, Biol. Skr. 28:14. 1987. TypF: Bauhinia petiolata (S. Mutis ex DC.) Triana ex Hook. f KEY TO BAUHINIA SPECIES IN SERIES DECANDRAE 1, Leaves unlobed (rarely bilobate or bifoliolate in 8. beguinoti 2. Innermost pair of lateral nerves closer to the mid-nerve than to the adjacent lateral nerves 2. Innermost pair of lat than to the mid-n 3. Petals 3.5-4.5 cm Mae fruit 21-27 cm long 3. Petals 1-2 cm long; fruit 8-13 cm Pu 4, Leaves 12-30 cm long,6-13 cm wi inal s| lal tomentose; fruit elliptic-oblong, 3.5-4 cm wide 4, Leaves 7-11 cm long, 3-5.5 cm wide; staminal sheath pilose; gynoecium glabrous or glandular; fruit linear, 1.5-2.5 cm wide 1. Leaves bilobate (rarely bifoliolate or unlobed in 8. beguinotil). 5. Leaves with the innermost pair of lateral nerves closer to the mid-nerve than to the adjacent lateral nerves B. beguinotii 5. Leaves with the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the ad- jacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve. Calyx prominently 5-winged 6, Calyx not winged or only very slightly winged (8. amatlana) B. beguinotii =quidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves i B. petiolata ium B. arborea B. brachycalyx B. geniculata WUNDERLIN 7. Ovary glabrous or glabrat 8. ee yellow; yeaa in asciulat clusters, often appearing before e leaves; Mexico to Costa Ric 8. oe other than yellow; tower in racemes or panicles, appearing well after the leaves; Ecuador o 9, Leaves 1-4 cm long, piicbed to ca. 3/4 the blade length; fruit a 5 cm long; Peru B. cookii weberbaueri 9. Leaves 5-13. cm ae bilobed to ca. 1/2 the blade length; fruit . 25 cm long; Ecuado 10. Corolla white; cial sheath ca. 1/8 the stamen length B. seminarioi 10. Corolla red; staminal sheath 3/5 the stamen length B. haughtii 7, Ovary tomentose or pilose 11. Corolla pink, rose, pre with red or pink at the bas 12. Leaves ovate, 4-10 cm long, 4-7.5 cm wide; carole white with red or pink at the base; Colombia and Panama 12. Leaves suborbicular, 3-4 cm long, 3-4 cm wide; corolla deep pink or rose; Ecuador and Peru 11. Corolla white. 13. Inflorescence and the lower surface of the leaves brown- fe) B. picta . ayabacensis ntose B. seleriana 13. Inflorescence and the lower surface of the leaves other than brown-tomento 14. Leaf blade : ee 5.5 cm long; petals 2-2.7 cm long; Peru B. augusti 14. Leaf blade 0.8-3 cm long; petals ca. 1 cm long; Mexico. 15. Leaf blade 2-3 cm long, bilobed to 1/2 the length B. andrieuxii 15. Leaf blade 0.8-1.5 cm long, bilobed nearly to the base .amatlana Li ae amatlana Wunderlin, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Type: MEXICO. Oaxaca: ca. L.5 km of San Cristobal Amatlan, ca. 80 km S of Oaxaca and 20 km E of (San Andrés) Miahuatlan ass 16°19.6'N, 96°22'W), ca. 1,500 m, 8 Jun 2000, J. Santiago Martinez s.n. (HOLOTYPE: USF: ISOTYPES: BRIT, F MO, NY). A Bauhinia andrieuxii Hemsley foliis minoribus bilobis prope basin differt. Shrub; branches brown-tomentose when young, soon glabrate. Leaves with the blade chartaceous, 5-7-nerved, broadly suborbicular, broader than long, bilo- bate nearly to the base, 0.8-1.5 cm long, 1.2-2.2 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base truncate to slightly cordate, the apex of the lobes rounded, the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface sparsely subappressed, short-pu- bescent, the petiole 4-6 mm long, brown-tomentose; stipules ovate-lanceolate, ca. | mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excrescence enlarged, form- ing a flattened subulate projection ca. 1 mm long, the others minute. Inflores- cence terminal, l- to 3-flowered, the peduncle or rachis strigose; floral bud lin- ear-lanceolate, 10-12 mm long, strigose, the apex usually with free calyx lobes BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA HERBARIUM PLANTS OF MEXICO HOLOTYPE Marti 8 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA HERBARIUM ) Fic. 1. Bauhinia amatlana (holotype, USF WUNDERLIN, ACVIOIVIN UE 101 to 0.5 mm long, sometimes slightly winged and contorted, the pedicel 5-7 mm long; bract and bracteoles lanceolate, ca. 0.5 mm long. Hypanthium turbinate, 1-15 mm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis; petals white, 10-12 mm long, slightly spreading, short-clawed, glabrous, the blade broadly elliptic, 5-6 mm wide, the margin entire or slightly crisped, the claw 1-2 mm long; fertile sta- mens 10, the outer five 7-8 mm long, the inner ones slightly shorter, the fila- ments short-connate at the base, forming a staminal sheath with laciniate pro- jections extending 1-2 mm above the sheath, the sheath short-pilose on the inner surface, glabrous or glabrate on the outer, the anthers linear-oblong, 1-2 long, sparsely pilose; gynoecium 5-7 mm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal, brown-tomentose. Fruit not seen. Paratype. MEXICO. Oaxaca: ca. 1.5 km NE of San Cristobal Amatlan, ca. 80 km S$ of Oaxaca and 20 km E of (San Andrés) Miahuatlan (ca. 16°19.6'N, 96°22'W), ca. 1,500 m, 29 Aug 1995, J. Santiago Martinez s.n. (USF). Etymology.—The name is derived from the Spanish name of the village San Cristobal Amatlan, this in turn derived from Amatla, the Aztec name for the place of the tree (Ficus sp.) from which the bark is used to make paper. Distribution and ecology.—Mexico (Oaxaca). Known only from the type locality. Deciduous thorn scrub at ca. 1,500 m. Bauhinia amatlana is closely related to B. andrieuxii, also of Oaxaca, but differs by its leaf blade 0.8-1.5 cm long and bilobed nearly to the base (vs. 2-3 cm long and divided only to the middle in B. andrieuxii). 2. Bauhinia andrieuxii Hemsley, Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 48.1880; Biol. Cent-Amer, Bot. 1:336. 1880. Type: MEXICO. OAXACA: near Oaxaca, - 1834 (FD), G. Andrieux 411 (H¢ LOTYPE: K; IsoTYPES: F-fragment, G, K, P; photo ex G: F MO, US). Shrub or small tree; branches tomentose when young, soon glabrate. Leaves with the blade chartaceous, 7-9-nerved, suborbicular or broader than long, bilobate tol/2 the length, 2-3cm long, 2.5-3cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base cordate to rounded, the apex of the lobes rounded, the upper surface gla- brous, the lower surface tomentellous, the petiole 5-15 mm long, tomentellous; stipules ovate, ca. 1 mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excrescence enlarged, forming a subulate projection ca. | mm long, the others minute. Inflo- rescence terminal, racemose, 3- to 8-flowered, the rachis strigose to tomentellous; floral bud linear-lanceolate, 12-18 mm long, strigose, the apex with free calyx lobes ca. 1.5mm long, the pedicel ca. 5 mm long; bract and bracteoles lanceolate, ca. 1.5mm long. Hypanthium cupulate, 2-3 mm long; calyx spathaceous at an- thesis; petals white, ca. 1 cm long, slightly spreading, subsessile, glabrous, the blade broadly elliptic, 4-6 mm wide, the apex rounded, the margin entire; fer- tile stamens 10, the outer five ca. 1 cm long, the inner ones ca. 5 mm long, the filaments unequally connate near the base for 1-3 mm, glabrous, the anthers 102 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) linear-oblong, ca. 2 mm long on the longer stamens, ca. 1.5 mm long on the shorter ones, glabrous; gynoecium ca. | cm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal, tomentose. Fruit linear, 8-10 cm long, ca. 1.5 cm wide, apiculate with the persistent style, dark brown, tomentose, the gynophore 5-10 mm long; seeds not seen. Distribution and ecology.— Western Mexico (Morelos, Oaxaca, and Sinaloa). Deciduous thorn scrub at elevations from near sea level to ca. 1,700 m. Bauhinia andrieuxtii is closely related to B. amatlana, also of Oaxaca, but differs by its leaf blade 2-3 cm long, bilobed to the middle (vs. 0.8-1.5 cm long, bilobed sa to the base in B. amatlana). eae Specimens examined. MEXICO. Morelos: Canon de Lobos, 14 km on Cuernavaca-Yautepec road, Fryxell 764 (MEXU);, Canon de Lobos, Vazquez 1776 (MEXU). Oaxaca: without precise locality, Andrieux 371(G, P); Monte Alban, Rose & Hough 4590; Mitla, Smith 107 (US); ruins at Monte Alban, Sousa et dl. 6077 (kK, MEXU, MO, WIS); 3 km NE of La Ollaga, Téllez & Magallanes 233 (kK). Sinaloa: Cerro Llano Redondo, W of Caimanero, Gentry 7018 (NY). 3. Bauhinia arborea Wunderlin, sp. nov. (Fig. 2). ee ee BDOR Napo: Anangu, Parque Nacional Yasuni, 260-350 m, 30 May-21 Jun 1982 (fD, SE li lorean Forest ]8935 (HOLOTYPE: AAU; ISOTYPES: AAU, N A Bauhinia brachycalyx Ducke foliis majoribus, fructibus latioribus, staminum vagina glabra, nec ] LaF, 10N g\ Tree to 30 m; branches glabrous. Leaves with the blade coriaceous, (3-)5-7- nerved, elliptic-oblong, unlobed, 12-30 cm long, 6-13 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base rounded to obtuse, the apex abruptly short-caudate, the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface minutely strigulose, slightly lighter in color than the upper surface, the petiole 2-4.5 cm long, glabrous; stipules broadly lanceolate, ca. 1 mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excres- cence enlarged, forming a laterally flattened, obtuse projection to | mm long, the others minute. Inflorescence subterminal, short-racemose, 10- to 18-flow- ered, the flowers usually paired, the rachis strigose; floral bud elliptic-lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm long, strigose, the apex acute, the pedicel 1-3 mm long; bract and bracteoles triangular-ovate, ca. | mm long. Hypanthium short-tubular, 7-10 mm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis; petals white, 12-15 mm long, slightly spreading, sessile, glabrous, the blade oblanceolate, 5-7 mm wide, the apex ob- ‘ive 12-14 mm —— tuse, the margin slightly crisped; fertile stamens 10, the outer long, the inner ones slightly shorter, the filaments free to the base or very short- connate, the anthers lanceolate, 4-6 mm long, sparsely short-pilose on the dor- sal surface; gynoecium ca. 8 mm long, the gynophore and style ca. 2 mm long, tomentose, the ovary ca. 5 mim long, tomentose. Fruit elliptic-oblong, ca. 13 ¢m long, 3-4 cm wide, apiculate with the persistent style base, brown, glabrous, C — — ae gynop hore 5-8 cm long; seeds not seen. WUNDERLIN, REVISION OF 103 A STUDIES OF ECUADOREAN FORESTS ; ORR, é IX Se Baul rea rhi mu ’ F * Richard P. Wu a University of South Florida = ie , = aan waded Co Duta The New ark Se L985 s by Crarina A nad, axi tow Botancal (nathyie, Unwerety of ABrhus Fic. 2. Bauhinia arborea (isotype, NY). BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Pararyers. ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: 15 kim Nol Taisha(02°32'S.77°43W), Ortega 96 (USF). Napo: Reserva Etnica Huaorani, highway and pipeline “Maxus” under construction (O0°51'S, 76°26'W), Aulestia & Andi 938 (MO, USF); Parque Nacional Yasuni, trail toward Rio Daymi (00°52'S, 76°5'W), Ceron 3371 (MO, USF); ca. 30 km NNW of Coca, Rio Huashito, Pennington 10592 (kK); Anangu, Parque Nacional Y: i 31-32'S, 76°23'W), SEF 8762 (AAV), SEF 8834 (AAU), SEF 8867 (AAU), SEF 8922 _ago Agrio Canton, Reserva Cuyabeno, Tarapoa-Tipischa, Rio (Ay a SEF 10235( AAU). Sucumbios: | C ossing (76°15'W, 00°00'S), Palacios etal. 8917 (USF). } Etymology.—The name is derived from the tree habit remarkable for its size within section Amaria in Ecuador. Distribution and ecology.—Eastern Ecuador (Napo, Morona-Santiago, and Sucum bios). Rain forest on well-drained hilly ground at 250-450 m. The species is most closely related to B. brachycalyx but differs by having larger leaves, wider fruits, a glabrous staminal sheath, and a tomentose gyno- ecium. Bauhinia arborea is a tree to 30 m while B. brachycalyx is a shrub or small tree to 6 m, rarely to 15m. 4. Bauhinia augusti |larms, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18:234. 1922. Type: PERU, RCA: near the confluence of the Rio Chinchipe and Rio Maranon, 700-800 m, | May CAJAMAR roTyPe: F here designated to replace destroyed B holotype: 1912 GD, A. Weberbauer 6224 (LEC ISOLECTOTYPES: F-fragment, G, NY, US; photo ex B: ER MO, NY, US). Shrub to 2m; branches pubescent when young, soon becoming glabrate. Leaves with the blade chartaceous, 7-9-nerved, broadly ovate, bilobed to ca. 1/2 the length, 3.5-5.5 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equi- distant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base cordate, the apex of the lobes obtuse, the upper surface glabrous, the lower sur- face short-pilose, especially on the nerves, the petiole 0.5-1.5 cm long, short- detiolar pilose; stipules triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm long, caducous; ad intrastipular excrescence occasionally enlarged, forming a subulate projection to 2 mm long, the others minute. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal and axillary, short-racemose or paniculate, 4+- to 12-flowered, the rachis densely short-pilose; floral bud narrowly ellipsoid, slightly arcuate, 2-2.5 cm long, short- pilose, the apex obtuse or acute, the pedicel 0.5-1 cm long; bract and bracteoles triangular-lanceolate, ca. | mm long. Hypanthium short-tubular, +-6 mm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis; petals white, 2-2.7 cm long, slightly spreading, short-clawed, glabrous, the blade narrowly elliptic-oblanceolate, 0.5-0.7 cm wide, the apex obtuse, the margin slightly crisped, the claw 3-4 mm long; fer- tile stamens 10, the outer five 3-3.5cm long, the inner ones slightly shorter, the filaments short-connate at the base, sparsely pilose, especially toward the base, the anthers elliptic-oblong, ca. 5 mm long, glabrous; gynoecium 3-3.5 cm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal, the ovary densely short-pilose, ne style and the gynophore sparsely mn Fruit not seen. Distribution and ne (Cajamarca). Known only collection. At 700-800 m. — — rom the type WUNDERLIN, REVISION OF BAUHINIA SUBGENUS BAUHINIA SECTION AMARIA ae Bauhinia augusti is related to the new species B. ayabacensis of Ecuador and Peru. Bauhinia augusti differs by its white corolla and lower leaf surface with erect trichomes in contrast to the pink corolla and lower leaf surface with appressed trichomes of B. ayabacensis. 5. Bauhinia ayabacensis Wunderlin, sp. nov. (Fig. 3). Typr: PERU. Piura: on road to Ayabaca, 18 km above Puente Tandopa (Rio Quiroz), 1,700 m, 24 Sep 1964 (fl), PC. Hutchinson & J.K. Wright 6689 (HOLOTYPE: F; IsSOTYPES: K, MO, NY, P. US). A Bauhinia augusti Harms corolla rosea lata, foliorum lamina inferiori trichomatibus brevibus adpressis obsita differt. Shrub or small tree to 4 m; branches pubescent when young, soon becoming glabrate. Leaves with the blade chartaceous, 7(-9)-nerved, suborbicular, bilobed to ca. 1/3 the length, 3-4 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base cordate, the apex of the lobes obtuse to rounded, the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface appressed short-puberulent, especially on the nerves, the petiole 1-15 cm long, pubescent; stipules triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excrescence occasionally enlarged, forming a subulate projection to 2 mm long, the others minute. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal and axillary, short-racemose, 2- to 10-flowered, the rachis brown-tomentose; floral bud narrowly ellipsoid, slightly arcuate, 2-2.5 cm long, brown-tomentose, the apex acute, the pedicel 6-8 mm long; bract and bracteoles triangular-lanceolate, ca.1 mm long. Hypanthium short-tubular, 4- 6 mm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis; petals deep pink or rose, 2.5-3 cm long, spreading, short-clawed, glabrous, the blade narrowly elliptic-obovate, l- L.5cm wide, the apex apiculate, the margins slightly crisped, the claw 3-4 mm long; fertile stamens 10, the outer five 2-2.5cm long, the inner ones 1-2 cm long, the filaments short-connate at the base, sparsely pilose, the anthers elliptic- oblong, ca. 5mm long, glabrous; gynoecium 2-2.5cm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal, the gynophore and ovary tomentose, the style sparsely pi- lose. Fruit linear-elliptic, ca. 6 cm long, ca. 1.7 cm wide, apiculate with the per- sistent style base, brown, strigose to glabrate, the gynophore ca. lcm long; seeds ovate-reniform, ca. | cm long, 7-8 mm wide, the surface dark brown, dull, the funicular aril-lobe scars unequal, 1-3 mm long. Paratypes. ECUADOR. Loja: 5 km E of Celica on road to El Empalme, Harling & Andersson 18183 (GB, MO); El Empalme-Celica road, ca. 5 km above El Empalme, Harling & Andersson 18221 (MO). PERU. Cajamarca: on the crossing to San Luis, Cabanillas & Guevara 509 (F); El Camote, Carretera Chilete- Contumaza Sdagdstegui & Lopez 7636 (F MO, USF); between Rupe and Contumaza Sagdstegui et al. 9817 (MO); near San Pablo, Sagdstegui et al. 15380 (F); Caserio de Chilili, Sanchez 200 (F); between Chilete and Rupe, E of the Chilete-Contumaza highway, Sdnchez 4222 (F). Etymology.—The name derived from the town of Ayabaca (Province Ayabaca) near the type locality. BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Director, Paul C. Hutchison Additional field sores for fag and 3m. in diame : Tre r. Flowers deap pink. Irwin, 1966, comments ae description \ gives color as white." Bauhinia sages std Harm dupl. de STiadin; wes HOLOTYP Sie ayabacensis Wunderlin Dry open hillsides, scattered brash On road to Ayabaca, R4199r 18 km. : 1641236 rch. Wen ie en niversity of South Florida 1982 Biovioce of iArabaes: ficschae Hi ae FIELD MUSEUM OF Pau C. Hutcuison 7, NATURAL HISTORY Collection number 6689 of veh po on 1, UCy J. Kenneth Wr T 24 September 1964 determiners set, NY s Seaees USM, US, F, NY, MO, K, C MICH, M, P, LE, Fic. 3. Bauhinia ayabacensis (holotype, F) WUNDERLIN, REVISIUN UF 107 Distribution and ecology.—Ecuador (Loja) and Peru (Cajamarca and Piura). Dry, open hillsides in scattered brush or seasonal evergreen forest at 1,200-2,400 m. Bauhinia ayabacensis is closely related to B. augusti from which it differs by its wider deep pink- or rose-colored corolla (vs. white in B. augusti) and the lower leaf surface with appressed trichomes (vs. short pilose in B. augusti). The petals of B. ayabacensis are 1-15 cm wide, while those of B. dugusti are 0.5-0.7 cm wide. 6. Bauhinia beguinotii Cufod., Arch. Bot. Sist. 9:192. 1933. Type: COSTA RICA. LIMON: between Waldeck and Rio Barbilla, 40 m, 12 May 1930 (fD, G. Cufodontis 664 (HOLOTYPE: W, not seen; photo ex W; ISOTYPES: F MO, US). Shrub or small tree to 6(-10) m; branches brown-tomentose to -tomentellous when young, soon becoming glabrate. Leaves with the blade chartaceous, 7-9- nerved, oblong-ovate, unlobed or slightly bilobate (deeply bilobate or bifoliolate in var. gorgonae), 10-24 cm long, 5-16 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves closer to the mid-nerve than to the adjacent lateral nerves, the base rounded to truncate, the apex Gif the leaf unlobed) or the lobes (if the leaf bi- lobed or bifoliolate) acuminate to caudate, the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface brown-tomentellous to glabrate, the petiole 1.5-3.5 cm long, glabrate; stipules broadly ovate, 1-1.5 mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular ex- crescence occasionally enlarged, forming a subulate projection to 1 mm long, the apex glandular, the others minute. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal and axillary, racemose, 5-10-flowered, the rachis brown-tomentose to - tomentellous; floral bud elliptic-lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm long, brown-tomentose, the apex with minute free calyx lobes, the pedicel 2-5 mm long; bract and bracteoles ovate, ca. 1 mm long. Hypanthium short-tubular, 5-6 mm long; ca- lyx spathaceous at anthesis; petals white, 2.5-3 cm long, spreading, short-clawed, glabrous, the blade oblanceolate, 8-13 mm wide, rounded, the margin entire, the claw 3-5 mm long; fertile stamens 10, the outer five 2-3 cm long, the inner ones shorter, the filaments connate for ca. 1/2 the length of the shorter stamens, sparsely pilose near the base, the anthers triangular at anthesis, ca. 3 mm long on the longer stamens, ca. 2 mm long on the shorter ones, sparsely pilose to glabrate; gynoecium 2-3 cm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal, brown-tomentose. Fruit linear, 12-15 cm long, ca. 2 cm wide, apiculate with the persistent style, brown, minutely strigose to glabrate, the gynophore 1-1.5 cm long; mature seeds not seen. KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF BAUHINIA BEGUINOTII 1. Leaves unlobed or only slightly bilobate; Costa Rica and Panama var. beguinotii 1. Leaves deeply bilobate or bifoliolate; Colombia var. gorgonae 108 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) 6a. Bauhinia beguinotii var. beguinotii Distribution and ecology.—Costa Rica (Limon) and Panama (Bocas del Toro, Panama, and San Blas). Tropical evergreen forest from near sea level to ca. 500 m. Specimens examined. COSTA RICA. Limon: drainage of the Rio Estrilla Valley, Shank & Molina 4466 (fF, US). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Cerro Bracha, NE of the encampment Changuinola | of Corriente Grande (IRHE), Correa et al. 3227 (PMA, USF); SE and NE of the encampment Changuinola | of the IREIE, Correa et al. 3316 (PMA, USF). Panama: 14.8 kin N of the Pan-American Highway, Folsom & Maas 5202 (MO); Carti road, 7 mi from turnoff at El Llano (9°15'N, 78°50'W), Hammel 13547 (MO. USF): 10-12 km N of Pan-American Highway, Mori & Kallunki 2847 (MO), El Llano-Carti-Tupile road, 16 km N of Pan-American Highway at El Llano, Nee 9362 (MO): ca. 10 km N of Pan-American Highway, Nee etal. 8881(MO). San Blas: FE] Llano-Carti road (09°20'N, 79°O'W), Hamilton & Stockwell COCK WELL 1089 (MO, USF): El Llano-Carti road, 19.1 km (09°19'N, 78°55'W ). de Nevers 5946 (MO, USF): ena along continental nes on E L L ke Carti sauce a“ LO'N, 78°15'W), de Nevers & Pérez 3701 ( JSF) ). Nusagandi | g the E aes Carti road (O9°19'N, 78°15'W), de — & Pérez 3582; Nusagandi g tl tal d El Llano-Carti road (09°1L9'N, 78°15'W), de Nevers & Pérez 3781 (MO, USP): Nusangandi ridge running NW from Punta Mama, (09°19'N, 78°15S'W), de Nevers et al. 3728 (MO, USF); El Llano-Carti road, 19.1 km from Interamerican | (O9°19'N, 78°55'W), de Nevers et al. 4957 (MO, USF); El Llano-Carti road, near Nusagandi, aor Sendero Nusagandi, W of buildings (09°15'N, 79°O'W), McPherson 11033 (MO, USF). 6b. Bauhinia beguinotii var. gorgonae (Killip ex R.S. Cowan) Wunderlin, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60:570. 1973. Bauhinia gorgonde Killip ex R.S. Cowan, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 22:281. 196L. Type: COLOMBIA. NARINO: E side of Isla Gorgona, 50-100 m, 11 Feb 1939 ({D, EP. Killip & H. Garcia-Barriga 33170 (HOLOTYPE: US; ISOTYPES: COL, not seen, BM, US). Distribution and ecology.—Colombia (Narino). Tropical evergreen forest from near sea level up to 100 mm. The Colombian material is recognized at the varietal level and is distinquished from the Panamanian and Costa Rican material only in having the leaves deeply bilobate or bifoliolate rather than unlobed or only slightly bilobate. Since the degree of lobing of leaves in Bauhinia is often quite variable within species, further collections may prove var. gorgonde to be unworthy of recognition. Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Narino: Isla Gorgona, Cheeseman [St. George Expedition] 380 (F K, US), Collenette [St. George Expedition] 628 (EK, US), Kelsall [St. George Expedition] 360 (K, US). 7. Bauhinia brachycalyx Ducke, Trop. Woods 90:12. 1947. Typr: BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: region of the Rio Purus near the mouth of the Rio Pauini [based on plant cultivated in the Horto Botanico do Museu Goeldi, Belém, Para, specimen made 30 Dec 1946 (I1)|, A. Ducke 2045 (HOLOTYPE: MG, not seen; IsOTYPES: NY, US). Shrub or small tree to 6(-15) m; branches glabrous. Leaves with the blade sub- coriaceous, 5-nerved, oblong-ovate, unlobed, 7-11 cm long, 3-5.5 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base rounded to subtruncate, the apex witha caudate tip 1-2 cm long, the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface glabrous, — WUNDERLIN, REVISION Ur 109 the petiole 0.8-1.4 cm long, glabrous; stipules ovate, ca. | mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excrescence often enlarged, forming a subulate projec- tion to 2 mm long, the others minute. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal and axillary, short-racemose, 6- to 12-flowered, the flowers usually paired, the rachis minutely puberulent; floral bud elliptic-oblanceolate, ca. 1.5 cm long, minutely puberulent, the apex apiculate, the pedicel 3-4 mm long; bract and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, ca. | mm long. Hypanthium short-tubular, 4-6 mm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis; petals white, ca. 1.5(-2) cm long, slightly spreading, subsessile, glabrous, the blade linear-oblanceolate, 4-5 mm wide, the apex acute, the margins slightly crisped; fertile stamens 10, the outer five 8-10 mm long, the inner ones ca. 1/2 as long, the filaments short-connate at the base, forming a staminal sheath with a laciniate projection extending 1-2 mm above the sheath, the sheath tomentose on the inner surface, glabrous on the outer, the anthers linear-oblong, ca. 3 mm long, sparsely pilose at the apex and the base; gynoecium 12-15 mm long, subequaling the androecium, arcuate, the ovary 5-6 mm long, the gynophore and the style 3-4 mm long, subequal, the style and the upper portion of the ovary with glandular trichomes in lines, the gynophore gla- brous, the stigma oblique. Fruit linear, 10-12 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, apiculate with the persistent style, brown, glabrous, the gynophore ca. 0.5 mm long; seeds suborbicular, 11-12 mm long, 9-10 mm wide, dark brown, the surface dull, the funicular aril-lobe scars subequal, extending ca. 1/2 way around the seed. Distribution and ecology.—Ecuador (Napo and Sucumbios), Peru (Amazonas, Loreto, and Pasco), and Brazil (Amazonas). In forest on well drained ie also often on inundated clay soil and along rivers at 200 m. pecimens examined. ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: oil well “Garza” of Tenneco, ca. 35 km NE of Mere Ivo (01°49'S, 76°42'W), Zak & yee als 4618 (MO, USF) Napo: road construction on the Yuca Road, ca. 3 km from the Auca oil-field Road (ca. 00°31'S, 76°58'W,) Brandbyge et al. 30287 (AAU, USF); Parque Nacional Yasuni, oil well “bogi” of Conoco (00°43'S, 76°28W), Coello 225 (MO, USF); Anangu, N side of Rio Napo, trail from village to laguna (00°31'S, 76°23'W), Lawesson et al. 39571 (AAU, USF); Anangu, near the outlet of Rio Anangu into Be a in pus vues Nacional Yasuni, SEF 10133 (AAU); Anangu, near the outlet of Rio At | Yasuni, SEF 10389 (AAU). Sucumbios: Rio Gueppi, tributary ee Rio preys above Beauv border post of Puerto Pert, 8 km above mouth of river, Gentry et al. 21805 (MO, USF); Lago Agrio Canton Reserva Faunistica Cuyabeno, Rio Lagarto, on border with Peru (00°33'S, 75°16'W), Palacios et al. 8055 (MO, USF). PERU. Amazonas: Yamayakat, Quebrada Kusu-Chapi, Rio Maranon (00°55'S, 78°19W), Vasquez et al. 20104 (MO, USF). Loreto: Chambira, near Yurimaguas, Rio Huallaga Valley, Ferreyra 4952 (NY, US); Rio Gueppi, tributary of Rio Putumayo, northernmost tip of Peru on border with Ecuador, be- tween mouth of River and the border a of Puerto Pertica. 8 km upriver, Gentry et al. 21772 (MO, USF); trail from Indi iana on Rio Amazonas to Rio Napo, Gentry et al. 22188 (MO, USF); Rio Nanay on the road tothe M f Be ne rista, Rimachi 2800 (MO); San Miguel (Quebrada Tamshiyacu) ae a 72°40'W), Vasquez & Jaramillo 7153 (MO, USF); unos) saeaee a Suerte (Rio Itaya), Vasquez & 8418(MO, USF): Indiana, Yanamono, Rio A S,72°50'W), Vasquez & Jaramillo ‘11103 (MO, USP): Indiana, Yanamono, Explorama Lodge (03°28'S, 72°50 W), Vasquez et al. 12113 (MO USF). Pasco: Palcazu Valley, Iscozacin (10°12'S, 75°15'W), Foster 9463 (MO, USF). BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Javari, Miraflor, Lleras et al. [Prance] P16927 (K, MO, US) 110 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22 1) 8. Bauhinia cookii Rose in Britton @ Rose, N. Amer. FL. 23:205. 1930. Type: COSTA RICA, ALAJUFLA: Cuesta de la Vieja, road to San Carlos, 300 m, 11 Apr 1903 (1D, O.F Cook & CB. Doyle 41 (HOLOTYPE: US; IsoTYPES: NY-fragment, US Casparia calderonii Rose in Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:217.1930. Ba ‘alderonii (Ros se) Lundell, pollen 1214. 1937. Type: EL SALVADOR, SONSONATE: San Julian, 1924 (Ir), S Calderén 2226 (HOLOTYPE: US; ISOTYPES: NY-fragment, US). Bauhinia gigas L oT Lyra 1:213. 1937. TYPE: ee Cayo: Valentin, Jun-Jul 1936 (st), CL. Lundell MICH; IsoTyPEs: NY, US). Tree to 15(-40) m; branches strigose or puberulent when young, soon becom- ing glabrate. Leaves with the blade submembranaceous or chartaceous, 7-9- nerved, broadly ovate, bilobate to ca. 1/2 the length, 5-10(-15) cm long, 7-10(- 12) cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base cordate to truncate, the apex of the lobes acute to obtuse, the upper surface sent the lower surface strigose, at least on the nerves, the petiole 2-3(-5) cm long, slightly strigose; stipules lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excres- cence enlarged, forming a subulate projection to 1.5 mm long, the others minute. Inflorescence paniculate, congested into a fasciculate cluster, sometimes pro- duced before the leaves and appearing cauliflorous or ramiflorous, 15- to 60- flowered, the rachis strigose; floral bud linear-elliptic, 8-10 mm long, strigose, the apex with minute free calyx lobes, the pedicel 5-7 mm long, strigose; bract and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, ca. | mm long. Hypanthium cupulate, 2-3 mm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis; petals light sulfur-yellow, 10-15 mm long, spreading, sessile or short-clawed, glabrate, the blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-7 mm wide, the apex obtuse, the margin entire; fertile stamens 10, the outer five LO-15 mm long, the inner ones 5-10 mm long, the filaments connate at the base linear-oblong, ca. 2 mm long on the longer stamens, ca. 1.5 mm long on the or ca. L mm, with a laciniate rim projecting above, glabrate, the anthers shorter ones; gynoecium 5-10 mm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal. Fruit linear, 5-7 cm long, ca. 1.5 cm wide, apiculate with the persis- tent style, light brown, See the gynophore 5-10 mm long; seeds obovate, 7-10mm ee 5-8 mm wide, the surface dull, dark brown, the funicular branch scars equal, ca. 4/5 the length of the seed. Distribution and ecology.—Western Mexico in Sinaloa southeast through Mexico and Central America to Costa Rica. Not known from Nicaragua, but to be expected there. Tropical deciduous or semideciduous forests at elevations from near sea level to ca. 4,200 m, but more commonly 300-1,000 m. It appar- ently flowers throughout the year, but usually from March to July. Flowers are sometimes produced before the leaves appear or are much developed. The species is unusual not only in section Amaria by having yellow flow- — —_ ers, but in fact, no other New World species of subgenus Bauhinia has flowers of this color. WUNDERLIN, REVISION Ur 111 Specimens examined. MEXICO. Chiapas: vicinity of La Chacona, Miranda 6485 (US). Colima: vicin- ity of Manzanillo, Ferris 6022 (A, F US); ca. 15 mi SSW of Colima on Manzanillo road (3 mi above Terolapa), Mc Vaugh 15541 (MICH); ca. 14 mi WNW of Santiago on road to Cihuatlan, oe isco, Mc a 20776 (G, MICH, US). Guerrero: Canon de la Mano Negra, near Iguala, Rose et al. 9344 (F GH, NY, US). Jali ween Bahia Navidad and La Manzanilla on Bahia Tenacatita, 3 mi W of ee hae road, McVaugh a 007 (MICH); near Playa de Cuastecomate, 8 km by road NW of Navidad, McVaugh & Koelz 1674 (MICH). Nayarit: 7-8 mi W of Compostela along road to Mazatlan, Gentry & Gilly 10848 (DUKE, MEXU, TEX, WIS); 6-7 mi S of Compostela, McVaugh 18753 (G, MICH, US). Oaxaca: Ejido Benito Juarez, Sebastopol, Tuxtepec, Dioscorea Brigade 2741 (MEXU). Sinaloa: Mazatlan, Reko 4520 (MEXU, US). Veracruz: Barranca de ae Purpus 8797 (UC), Purpus 8896 (GH, MO, NY, UC, Uo) near Rancho Remundadero, Purpus 11068 (NY, US), Purpus 11069 (A), Purpus 11170 (MO); Municipio Puente Nacional, La Ceiba, Ventura 12760 (MEXU). GUATEMALA. Escuintla: Hacienda ae Salas 1406 (F); Rio Guncalate Standley 60187 (F, US). Guatemala: without precise locality, Aquilar 610 (F). Retathuleu: Rio Talculan, 5 mi W of Retalhuleu, Standley 87377 (F). Suchitepéquez: along Rio Madre Vieja Joa oe ae 62207 (F). HONDURAS. Comayagua: Pito Solo, Lake Yojoa, Edwards P-404 (Fk, US). EL DOR. Ahuachapan: Finca San Benito, near Rio Guayapa (13°49'N, 89°56'W), aoe et al. oon U sea Finca San Bene alone Rio Nacimiento del Guayapa (13°5 EN, 89°55'W), Witsberger Nts COSTA RICA. Al etween Canas and Upala, 10 km N of Pyaepe Croat 36478 (MO, US nee of the Rio Sue aes Pittier 16695 (US). San José: Cerro Bijaqualito-Tarcoles, Poveda 1097 es 9. Bauhinia geniculata Wunderlin, sp. nov. (Fig. 4). Type COLOMBIA. RISARALDA: Haci- enda Alejandria, 6 km on highway between La Virginia and Cerrito, low hills of the extreme north of the wide part of the Valle del Rio Cauca, ca. 940 m, 27 May 1989 (f1), PA. Silverstone- Sopkin, J. Giraldo, & M. Cabrera 5270 (HOLOTYPE: CUVC; ISOTYPE: USF) A Bauhinia petiolata (DC.) Triana ex Hooker f. foliis lobatis, calyce alto, nec non androecii forma singulari differt. Tree to 5 m; branches glabrous. Leaves with the blade coriaceous, 7-9-nerved, oblong-ovate, bilobed to ca. 2/3 the length, 14-26 cm long, 9.5-17 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base shallowly cordate to subtruncate, the apex of the lobes acuminate, the upper surface inconspicuously reticulate, gla- brous, the lower surface evidently reticulate, with inconspicuous, colorless, medially attached, biradiate, glandular trichomes, minutely strigose, at least on the veins near the base, the petiole 2-3(-4) cm long, glabrous; stipules trian- gular-ovate to lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular ex- crescence sometimes enlarged and forming a laterally flattened, blunt projec- tion to 2 mm long, others minute. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal and axillary, racemose, 2- to 10-flowered, the flowers solitary or paired, the rachis reddish brown-tomentose; floral bud linear-clavate, 4-4.5 cm long, sparsely brown-tomentose, evidently 10-nerved, becoming prominently 5-winged above the hypanthium with the wings gradually enlarging toward the apex to 4mm, the pedicel ca. 1.5cm long; bract and bracteoles triangular-ovate, ca. 1 mm long. Hypanthium short-tubular, L.5-2.2 cm long; calyx green, spathaceous at anthe- sis, each sepal with a thickened nectiferous area ca. 5-7 mm long and wide near the base; petals white, 3.5-4.5 cm long, slightly spreading, subsessile, glabrous, 112 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA HERBARIUM k Fic. 4. Bauhinia geniculata (isotype, USF). WUNDERLIN, ACVIOIUIN UE 113 the blade oblanceolate, 15-18 mm wide, gradually tapering to the thickened midrib at the base, the apex rounded to slightly g : fertile stamens 10, the outer five 4-4.5 cm long, the inner ones shorter, the filaments connate at the base for 2-3 mm and forming a staminal sheath, the uppermost stamen of the inner whorl the shortest and strongly geniculate near the point of attach- ment near the apex of the shield-like portion of the staminal sheath, the stami- nal sheath with a ligulate projection ca. 1mm long behind the lower 3 stamens of the outer whorl and with a minute projection behind the lower 2 stamens of the inner whorl, the sheath reddish tomentose on the inner surface, the anthers linear, 7-8 mm long, glabrous; gynoecium 3.5-4.5 cm, the gynophore ca. 1.5 cm long, reddish tomentose, the ovary ca. 2 cm long, reddish tomentose, the style ca. 15cm long, reddish tomentellous to glabrate near the apex. Fruit linear, 29- 41 cm long, 2.8-3.3 cm wide, apiculate with the persistent style base, brown, puberulent, the gynophore 2.5-4 cm long; seeds suborbicular to oblong, strongly compressed, 17-18 mm long, 12-15 mm wide, the surface dull brown, the fu- nicular scars subequal, extending 2/3 to nearly the length of the seed. ParatyPe. COLOMBIA. Risaralda: Hacienda Alejandria, 6 km on highway between La Virginia and Cerrito, low hills of the extreme north of the wide part of the Valle del Rio Cauca, Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 5809 (CUVC, USF). Etymology—The name derived from the bent uppermost stamen of the inner staminal whor Distribution and ecology—Colombia (Risaralda). Primary forest at 900-940 m. Bauhinia geniculata is most closely related to B. petiolata, but differs by its lobed leaves (vs. unlobed in B. petiolata), winged calyx (vs. not winged in B. petiolata), and unique androecial morphology. 10. Bauhinia haughtii Wunderlin, Brittonia 35:337. 1983. Type: ECUADOR. MANaBi: Bella Vista, SE of Santa Ana, 100 m, 5 Sep 1942 (f1, fr), O. Haught 348] (HOLOTYPE: US; ISOTYPES: Shrub or tree to 10 m; branches glabrous. Leaves with the blade submembrana- ceous, 9(-11)-nerved, suborbicular, bilobed to ca. 1/2 the length, 5-8 cm long, 6- 10 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base deeply cordate, the apex of the lobes obtuse to rounded, the upper surface aac the lower surface minutely strigose, the petiole 3-5 cm long, glal iangular-lanceolate, ca. l mm long, caducous; intrastipular ¢ excrescences ‘minute. Inflorescence ter- minal or subterminal and axillary, racemose, 6- to 10-flowered, the flowers usually paired, the rachis minutely strigulose-tomentose; floral bud narrowly elliptic, 5-6 cm long, minutely strigulose-tomentose, red, the apex attenuate, the pedicel 2-5 mm long: bract and bracteoles triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm long. Hy- panthium tubular, 2-2.5cm long, slightly arcuate; calyx spathaceous at anthe- sis; petals red, 4.5-5cm long, slightly spreading, short-clawed, glabrous, the blade 114 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) oblanceolate, 1-1.5 cm wide, the apex rounded, the margin entire, the claw 3-4 mim long; fertile stamens LO, red, the outer five 4.5-5.5 cm long, the inner ones slightly shorter, 9 connate into a staminal tube for ca. 3/5 their length, the other one free to ca. 0.5 cm lower and slightly longer, the staminal sheath sparsely short pilose on the inner surface, the anthers elliptic-oblong, ca. 5 mm long, glabrous; gynoecium 6.5-8.5 cm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal, glabrous. Fruit linear, 16 cm long, 1.7 em wide, apiculate with the persistent style, light brown, glabrous, the gynophore 4.5 cm long: seeds not seen. Distribution and ecology.—Ecuador (Manabi and Pichincha). In tropical wet forest at L1OO-300 m. Bauhinia haughtii is a distinctive species most closely related to B. seminarioi, also endemic to Manabi, Ecuador. It differs from that species by its red flowers (vs. white in B. seminarioi) and a much longer staminal sheath (ca. 3.5.cm vs. ca.6 mm in B. seminarioi). The only other red-flowered species in Ecuador, B. stenantha, is readily distinguished by its five fertile stamens (vs. ten) and smaller flowers (2.5-3.0 cm long) and smaller fruits (6-10 cm long). Specimen examined. ECUADOR. Manabi: 170-175 km on road between Santa Domingo and Quininde, Acosta-Solis 13653 (F). 11. Bauhinia petiolata (DC.) Hook. f., Bot. Mag. 103: tab. 6277. 1877. Amaria petiolata DC., Prodr, 2: 519. 1825. Type: COLOMBIA: without precise locality, 1760-1808, 5. Mutis 2398 (HOLOTYPE: MA, not seen; ISOTYPE: US). Amaria sessilifolia DC, Prodr. 2:519, 1825. Bauhinia sessilifolia (DC.) Quinones, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75:1156. 1988. TyPE: COLOMBIA: without precise locality, 1760-1808, S. Mutis 2724 (HOLOTYPE: MA, not seen; Isotype: US-fragment). ane Shrub or tree to 15 m; branches glabrous. Leaves with the blade chartaceous to coriaceous, 5-nerved, ovate, unlobed, 8-14 cm long, 4-8 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base rounded to deeply cordate, the apex acute, sometimes with a caudate tip to 3. cm long, the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface glabrous, often glaucous, conspicuously reticulate-nerved, the petiole 0.5-3.5 cm long, glabrous; stipules triangular, ca. 1 mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excrescence often enlarged and forming a blunt subulate projec- tion ca. | mm long, the others minute. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal and axillary, short-racemose, 4- to 8-flowered, the rachis sparsely strigose- tomentellous to glabrate; floral bud elliptic-ovate, 2-3 cm long, strigulose-to- mentose, the apex attenuate, glabrous, the pedicel to 1 cm long; bract and bracteoles triangular-ovate, ca. 1 mm long. Hypanthium short-tubular, ca. 1.5 cm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis; petals white, 3.5-4.5 cm long, slightly spreading, short-clawed, glabrous, the blade narrowly oblanceolate, 1.2-1.5 cm wide, the apex rounded, the margin slightly crisped, the claw 2-3 mm long: tertile stamens 10, the outer five 3-5(-7.5) cm long, the inner ones slightly shorter, —" WUNDERLIN, AEVISIUN UF 115 the filaments short-connate at the base, glabrous, the anthers linear-oblong, 8- 12 mm long, glabrous; gynoecium 4-5 cm long, the gynophore ca. 1 cm long, glabrous, the ovary ca. 3 cm long, tomentose (glabrous or glabrate in var. caudigera), the style ca. 1.5cm long, glabrous. Fruit linear, 21-27 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, apiculate with the persistent style, brown, sparsely pubescent, gla- brescent at maturity, the gynophore ca. 2.5 cm long; seeds not seen. Bauhinia petiolata is a highly distinctive though poorly known species represented by two varieties. The species is most closely related to B. geniculata which is also from the upper Magdalena Valley (Risaralda Prov.) in Colombia but is readily distinguished by its unlobed leaves and flower buds not winged. Italso has affinities with B. arborea (Ecuador) and B. brachycalyx (Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil), two other species with unlobed leaves in section Amaria. Quinones (1988) argues that B. sessilifolia is a distinct species and differs from B. petiolata by its sessile leaves, the leaf base deeply cordate, the inflores- cence of axillary umbels, the petals emarginate, the stamens of five long and five short and included, and the fruit 2 cm wide. Bauhinia petiolata on the other hand has leaves with the petiole 0.5-3 cm long, the leaf base truncate or rounded, the inflorescence a terminal or axillary in a short raceme, the petals acute, the stamens subequal and excluded, and the fruit 1.5 cm wide. These characters, with the exception of the sessile leaves, do not hold up in the material exam- ined. Even though I have not seen the MA material cited by Quinones, I believe that B. sessilifolia is based on aberrant, sessile-leaved specimens of B. petiolata. The sessile-leaved condition is approached in some material seen for B. petiolata. For example, André 1810 has petioles only 5 mm long. KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF BAUHINIA PETIOLATA 1. Ovary tomentose; central Colombia var. petiolata 1. Ovary glabrous or glabrate; Panama and Venezuela var. caudigera lla. Bauhinia petiolata var. petiolata Distribution and ecology.—Upper Magdalena Valley of central Colombia (Cundinamarca and Tolima). Wet forest at ca. 500 m. Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Quebrada Cachimbulo near Tocaima, Rio Funza valley, André 1810 (kK); Rio Magdalena valley, Goudot s.n. (P); Hacienda El Cucharo, between Tocaima and Pubenza, Killip et al. 38314 (COL, FE NY, US), Killip et al. 38350 (COL, K, US); between Nilo an Puebla Nuevo, Murillo & Jaramillo 260 (COL, NY); Tocaima, Triana 4412 (BM, COL, G, NY); La Parada Limba and the Rio Magdalena valley, Triana s.n. (P); Tocaima, Triana s.n.(K); Tocaima, Rio Magdalena, Triana s.n. (kX). Tolima: Chicoral, Haught 6306 (COL, NY, US). State unknown: without locality, Mutis 2377 (fragment ex MA: US); Mutis 2549 (fragment ex MA: US); Mutis 4146 (fragment ex MA: US). Cultivated at Kew from material provided by Linden from Colombia (K). 11b. ue petiolata var. caudigera (S.F Blake) vi peeiete comb. nov. BASIONYM: a caudigera S.F. Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20:522. 1924. TYPE: VENEZUELA. Baie ales, alone road from Puerto Cabello to os Felipe, 10-100 m, 20 May-10 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Jun, 1920 ({D, H. Pittier 8851 (HOLOTYPE: US; photo ex US: US, NY, ISOTYPE: P). Distribution and ecology.—Panama (Colén) and Venezuela (Carabobo and Falcon). Rainforest and wet forest at 10-600 m. The variety was probably more widely distributed from Panama through northern Colombia to Venezuela in the past. Its present disjunct distribution is relictual, apparently now confined to wet river valley refugia. This taxon was placed in synonymy of B. petiolata by Wunderlin (1983). Since then, additional material has become available and it is here considered as a distinct variety on the basis of its glabrous or glabrate ovary (vs. tomentose in var. petiolata). } Specimens examined. PANAMA. Colon: ca. 2-3 mi up the Ri mouth, Kennedy & Fos- ter 2127 (MO, USF). VENEZUELA. Carabobo: upper Ciaremales ve from Puerto Cabello to San Fe- lipe, Pittier 8914 (NY, US). Faleon: Parque Nacional Quebrada de la Cueva E1 Toro (L0°50'N, 69°07'W), Liesner etal. 7727 (MO. USF), Liesner et al. 7736 (MO), Wingfield 7501 (USF). 12. Bauhinia picta (Kunth) DC,, Prodr. 2: O15. 1825. ale etia picta RUE, in a Eisibolie! al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 6:316. 1824. Type: COLOMBIA. ! A g the Ri near the confluence with Rio Opon, between Bojorque and Isla de etree May 1801 (fD), RWH.A. Humboldt & AJ.A. Bonpland 1604 (HOLOTYPE: P, not seen, microfiche IDC 156/C6; ISOTYPEs: P, 5). BCW) not seen; photo ex BCW): F G, MO, NY Bauhinia ligulata Pittier, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20:112. 1918. Type: PANAMA. SAN BLAS: near Pu- erto Obaldia, 0-50 m, Aug 1911 ({L), H. Pittier 4334 (HOLOTYPE: US; IsoTYPES: BM, F NY, US). Seana kalbreyeri Harms, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19:65. 1923. TYPE: COLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: Murri, 1,000-1,100 m, Jun 1880 (£D, W. ees 1802 (LECTOTYPE: K, here ae nated to replace paves B holotype; ISOLECTOTYPES: F-fragment, US; photo ex K: EF NY photo ex B: EK, S Tree to 20(-40) m; branches ferruginous-tomentose when young, soon becom- ing glabrate. Leaves with the blade chartaceous, 9-13-nerved, ovate, bilobate to ca. 1/4 the length, 4-10(-21) cm long, 4-7.5(-15) cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base cordate to rounded, the apex of the lobes apiculate to obtuse or rounded, the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface finely ferruginous- tomentellous (at least on the nerves), the petiole 2-3.5 cm long, ferruginous- tomentellous to glabrate; stipules ovate, ca. 1 mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excrescence enlarged, forming a subulate projection to 2 mm long, the apex with a lateral glandular area, the others minute. Inflorescence axil- lary, subterminal, short-racemose, 10- to 20-flowered, the flowers solitary or paired, the rachis ferruginous-tomentose; floral bud linear-clavate, 2-2.5 cm long, ferruginous-tomentose, the apex with minute free calyx lobes, the pedicel 2-6 mm long; bract and bracteoles lanceolate, ca. 1mm long. Hypanthium short- tubular, 6-8 mm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis, soon splitting partly or fully to the hypanthium into 2 to 5 lobes; petals white with pink or roseate base, sometimes lavender-pink or rose, 2-3 cm long, spreading, short-clawed, WUNDERLIN, ACVIOIVUN UE 117 glabrous, the blade ovate-elliptic, 6-13(-20) mm wide, the apex rounded, the margin entire, the claw 2-4 mm long; fertile stamens 10, the outer five 2-3 cm long, the inner ones slightly shorter, the filaments free to base or short-connate, short-hirsute or with only a few short trichomes on the lower 1/2, the upper stamen attached near the apex or the middle of the ligulate part of the staminal sheath, short-hirsute (rarely glabrate); gynoecium 2-3 cm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal, the gynophore sparsely tomentose below the ovary on the lower surface or glabrate, the ovary tomentose, the style sparsely tomentellous to glabrate. Fruit linear, 15-25 cm long, ca. 2 cm wide, apiculate with the persistent style, brown, tomentellous to glabrate, the gynophore 1-2 cm long; seeds elliptic-ovate, ca. 15 mm long, ca. 12 mm wide, dark brown, the surface dull, the funicular aril-lobes 6-7 mm long. Distribution and ecology.—Colombia (Antioquia, Bolivar, Boyaca, Choco, Cundinamarca, Risaralda, and Santander) and Panama (San Blas). In open to closed forest from near sea level to about 1,500 m. The species is apparently most closely related to B. petiolata, but differs in having bilobed leaves and petals white with a pink or roseate base. The type of B. ligulata from Panama isa large tree (40 m) with slightly smaller flowers and the adaxial stamen attached lower on the ligulate portion of the staminate sheath. It agrees in all other respects with the Colombia material. The material from Choco Province, Colombia differs by its slightly larger leaves (16-21 cm long compared with the usual 4-10 cm long), the glabrate staminal sheath and filament bases (these usally short-hirsute), and the less tomentose ovary. Bauhinia picta is occasionally cultivated in Colombia for its showy flowers. 1. COLOMBIA. Antioquia: 14-17 km N of Remedios on the way to Zaragoza, Cerro Cakes aa along the Rio Tucupé (07°20N, 74°30'W), Callejas et al. 5177 (USF); Vereda Alicante, Finca Penjamo, Quebrada Penjamo, on the San Juan de Bedout-La Cabana road (06°39'N, 74°31 W), Callejaset a 9388 (HUA nee Vereda La Pava, 14 km by Andes highway toward La Vereda El Libano, Fonnegra et al. 2441 (USF); Segovia, Sandeman 5575 (K). eee : near the confluence of the Rio Ité and Rio Tamar into the Rio Cimitarra, ca. 38 km W of mn eee ja (06°55 'N, 74°15'W), - Br a 1554 (MO, NY, US). Boyaca: fl Umbo region, ie rence 492 (K). ae Rio Tagachi, ca. 12 of Rio Atrato (O6°LSN, 76°50'W), Gentry et al. 37068 (MO, USF); Mecana, Juncosa 1923 (MO, = we Cundinamarca: 16 km NW of Alban along highway to Villeta, Barclay et al. 3666 (US). Risaralda: Hacienda ee ndria, 6 km on La Virginia-Cerritos highway, extreme northern part of Valle del Rio Cauca, Silverstone-Sopkin 5895 (CUVC, USF). Santander: Puerto Berrio, between Rio Carare and Rio Magdalena, ee 1772 (P); Bucaramanga and vicinity, Killip & ain 14978 (NY). State unknown: Rio Carare, Dawe 456 (K); Cordillera Orientale, Goudot s.n. (P). 13. Bauhinia seleriana Harms in Loes., Bull. Herb. Boissier 7:549. 1899. Type: GUA- AL A rae JETENANGO: near Quen Santo, ca. 1,100 m, C. Seler & E. Seler 2797 (LECTOTYPE: K,h stroyed B holotype; ISOLECTOTYPE: F-fragment, NY, US; photo ex K: E NY, US: cae EG, MO, NY US:). Bauhinia paradisi Standley & L.O. Williams, Ceiba 1:80. 1950. TyPpE: HONDURAS. EL PARAISO: Rio Lizapa floresta de Robles area, between Galeras and Lizapa Grande, 1,000 m, 14 May 1948 (fl, A. Molina 860 (HOLOTYPE: US; photo ex US: NY, US; ISOTYPES: BM, F). 118 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Shrub or small tree to 12 m; branches short-hirsute when young, soon becom- ing glabrate. Leaves with the blade chartaceous, 9-11-nerved, broadly ovate, bi- lobate to ca. 1/3 the length, 6-10 cm long, 6-10 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base cordate to rounded, the apex of the lobes obtuse to rounded, the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface short hirsute or tomentellous, the petiole (I-)2-4(-5) cm long, hirsute or tomentellous; stipules triangular-ovate, ca. 4mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excrescence often enlarged and forming a subulate projection to 1.5 mm long, the others minute. Inflores- cence terminal or subterminal and axillary, racemose, 5- to 30-flowered, the rachis short-hirsute or tomentellous; floral bud elliptic, 8-15 mm long, short- hirsute or tomentellous, the apex with free lobes to 2 mm long, the pedicel 4-5 mm long; bract and bracteoles lanceolate to linear, 1-4 mm long. Hypanthium cupulate, 1-2 mm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis; petals white, 11-18 mm ong, spreading, subsessile or short-clawed, glabrous except for the blade apex, the blade elliptic, 4-8 mm wide, the apex apiculate, the margin entire, the claw ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; fertile stamens 10, the outer five 11-18 mm long, the inner ones 1/2 the length of the outer, the filaments unequally connate at the base for 1-3 mm, with a laciniate rim extending above the point of adnation, the inner surface tomentose, the anthers linear-oblong, ca. 2 mm long on the longer stamens, ca. 1.5 mm long on the shorter; gynoecium 11-18 mm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal, tomentose. Fruit linear, 8-10 cm long, ca. 15cm wide, apiculate with the persistent style, dark brown, tomentose, the gy- nophore 0.5-1 cm long; seeds not seen. Distribution and ecology.—Southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras. Deciduous forest at 700-1,500 m. The species is closely related to B.andrieuxii of western Mexico from which itis Gennes by its larger leaves 6-10 cm long (vs. 2-3 cm in B. andrieuxii) and conspicuously hirsute parts. Bauhinia seleriana is a forest species while B. andrieuxti occurs in open deciduous scrub. —_— Representative specimens examined: MEXICO. Chiapas: along Mexican Highway 190 3 mi S of La Trinitaria, Breedlove 14485 (NY). México: gan ancho, Hinton etal. a One ca. paces EF of Laollaga, Téllez & Magallanes 233 (MEXU, MO). GUATEMALA. I a7 Las Palmas, ne eee 51582 (F US). ane Loma El Picacho, above Santa Rosalia Steyermark 42730 (F NY, US). H RAS. Choluteca: 6 km SW of Panamerican Highway, Harmon & Fuentes 5962 (UMO). El Paraiso: ie Rio California, Sierra de la Villa Santa, Williams & Molina 10479 (F, MO, UC, US, VT). Francisco Morazan: along Quebrada Suyapa, near Suyapa, Molina 553 (F& MO, US). 14. Bauhinia seminarioi Harms ex Eggers, Bot. Centralbl. 73:69. 1898. Type: ECUA- DOR. MANABI near mecienda El pec 16 mae ee (fl, fr), HEA. von Eggers 14925 (LECTO- YPE: F-fragment, h d B holotype; photo ex B: ISOLECTOTYPES: FE a US). Shrub or small tree 2-3(-5) m; branches sparsely tomentellous when young, WUNDERLIN, REVISION OF 119 soon becoming glabrate. Leaves with the blade submembranaceous to chartaceous, (5-)7-9-nerved, suborbicular, bilobed to ca. 1/2 the length, 5-13 cm long, 6-12 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base cordate, the apex of the lobes obtuse to rounded, the. upper surface glabrous, the lower surface minutely strigulose, short-pilose along the veins, especially near the base, the petiole 2-4.5 cm long, tomentellous, soon becoming glabrate; stipules triangu- lar-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excrescence occasionally enlarged and forming a subulate projection to 2mm long, the oth- ers minute. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal and axillary, racemose, 8- to 18-flowered, the flowers usually paired, the rachis tomentellous to glabrate; flo- ral bud linear-clavate, 4-6 cm long, tomentellous to glabrate, the apex rounded, the pedicel 0.5-1.8 cm long; bract and bracteoles triangular-lanceolate, 0.5 mm long. Hypanthium short-tubular, 1.5-2 cm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis, petals white, ca. 5cm long, slightly spreading, short-clawed, glabrous, the blade linear-oblanceolate, 5-6 mm wide, the apex acute to obtuse, the margin slightly crisped, the claw ca. 0.5cm long; fertile stamens 10, the outer five ca. 4 cm long, the inner ones slightly shorter, the filaments short-connate at the base to ca. 6 mim, the staminal sheath pilose on the inner surface near the apex and slightly above on the filaments, the anthers elliptic-oblong, ca. 5 mm long, glabrous; gynoecium 5.5-6.5cm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal, glabrous. Fruit linear, 15-25 cm long, 2-2.3 cm wide, apiculate with the persistent style, dehiscent, brown, glabrous, the gynophore 2-3 cm long; seeds not seen. Distribution and ecology.—Ecuador (Guayas and Manabi). Tropical moist forest on inner coastal hills at 100-150 m. The type collection (von Eggers 14925) is apparently a mixture of this spe- cies and Bauhinia aculeata subsp. grandiflora Jussieu ex Poiret) Wunderlin of subg. Bauhinia section Bauhinia. Specimens of B. aculeata subsp. grandiflora with various collection dates were distributed as the type of B. seminarioi by C to K, F and undoubtedly elsewhere. The description, except for the statement that the species is aculeatous, clearly fits what is known to be B. seminarioi as represented by the photograph of the holotype (now destroyed) and not B. aculeata subsp. grandiflora. The adpetiolar intrastipular excrescences in B. seminarioi sometimes enlarge to 2 mm, especially in the inflorescence, but the older branches can not be described as aculeatous. Since the holotype is of young floriferous material with evident enlarged excrescences, Harms apparently in- correctly interpreted the materia. The Iltis & Iltis E-221 specimen bears only small blunt excrescences. mens ined. ECUADOR. eal Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco, road to Salinas, 15 km (02° 10'S, 79°58'W), Rubio 2020 (MO, USF). Manabi: Hacienda El Recreo, von Eggers 14886 (F, K, P, US); 4 km E of Hacienda El Recreo (2 as S along coast from Canoa, 18 km due N of Bahia de Caraquez; 00°27'S, 80°26'W) and the Pacific Ocean, Iltis & Iltis E-221 (USF WIS) 120 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) 15. Bauhinia webert i Harms, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42:91. 1908. Type: PERU. CAJAMARCA: near eas 2 sia 2,100 m, Jan 1905 (fD, A. Weberbauer 4802 (LECTOTYPE: G, here desig- nated t stroyed B holotype; ISOLECTOTYPE: F-fragment; photo ex B: F MO). Bauhinia ruiziana Harms, Repert. Spec. at Regni Veg. 18:234. 1922. Type: PERU. HUANUCO: erie. io ee ay H. Rune aoe 1795 [H. Ruiz Lopez & J.A. Pav6én 1300] (LECTOTYPE: K, erate ISOLECTOTYPES: F, MA, not seen, P; photo ex K, F US; Tes MA F nets ex B. Fi G MO, U Shrub to 1.5m; branches strigulose when young, soon becoming glabrous. Leaves with the blade chartaceous, 7-nerved, suborbicular, bilobed to ca. 3/4 the length, 15-4 cm long, 15-4 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base cordate, the apex of the lobes obtuse to rounded, the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface strigulose, the petiole 0.5-1 cm long, minutely strigulose or glabrous; stipules triangular-lanceolate, |-1.5 mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excrescence occasionally enlarged and forming a subulate pone to2mm long, the others minute. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal, the flowers soli- tary, the rachis strigulose; floral bud elliptic-lanceolate, ca. 2 cm long, red, strigulose, the pedicel ca. 1 cm long; bracts and bracteoles triangular, ca. | mm long. Hypanthium short-tubular, 4-6 mm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis: petals bright pink or rose-red, 3-4 cm long, spreading, short-clawed, glabrous, the blade oblanceolate, 1-1.8 cm wide, the apex rounded, the margin entire, the claw 3-5 mm long; fertile stamens 10, red, the outer five 2.5-3.cm long, the inner ones slightly shorter, the filaments very short-connate, sparsely pilose toward the base, the anthers elliptic-oblong, 3-4 mm long, glabrous; gynoecium 3-4 cm long, the gynophore, ovary, and style subequal, glabrous. Fruit narrowly el- liptic, 4.5-5 cm long, ca. 1.5 em wide, apiculate with the persistent syle, dehis- cent, light brown, glabrous, the gynophore 4.5-5 cm long; seeds hee tees y el- liptic-ovate, dark brown, the surface dull, the funicular aril-lobe scars subequal, 2-3 mm long. Distribution and ecology.—Peru (Cajamarca, La Libertad,and Huanuco). On steep rocky slopes above rivers at 2,100-2,400 m. Bauhinia weberbaueri is related to B. ayabacensis and B. dugusti, but is eas- ily distinguished from both by its glabrous ovary (vs. tomentose in B. augusti and B. ayabacensis) and from B. augusti by its pink to rose petals (vs. white in B. d soci fo PERU. La Libertad: between Los Alisos and Pataz, Alayo 18 (USF). Huanuco: above eiasenda bute, between Ambo and Huanuco, Ferreyra 6553 (F); Ambo, Macbride & Featherstone 2411 (F), Macbride 3164 (FG), Pavon s.n. (BM), Sawada P-103 (F); Huanuco, Machride 3503 (FG), Matthews 927 (kK), without precise locality, Vita, McLean s.n. (K). Il. Series Stenanthae Wunderlin, K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen. Biol. Skr. 28: 14. 1987. Type: Bauhinia stenantha Diels Petals strongly imbricate, the corolla forming a pseudotube; fertile stamens 5. WUNDERLIN, REVISION OF 121 1. Bauhinia stenantha Diels, Biblioth. Bot. 29(116):93. 1937. Type: ECUADOR, CHIMBORAZO: canyon of the Boo panciae near Paes each ] ie m, 7-14 May 1945 (£1, fr), W.H. Camp E-3041 (NEOTYPE: Fh B holotype; ISONEOTYPE: K, P). [ECUADOR. CHIMBORAZO: en of the Rio c shanchan near Huigra, 1,260 m, 21 Sep 1933 (fl, fr), EL.E. Diels 1130 (HOLOTYPE: B, destroyed)]. Shrub or small tree to 3 m; branches puberulent when young, soon becoming glabrate. Leaves with the blade submembranaceous or chartaceous, 7-9-nerved, suborbicular, bilobed to ca. 3/4 the length, 2.5-5.5 cm long, 3-5.5 cm wide, the innermost pair of lateral nerves equidistant or closer to the adjacent lateral nerves than to the mid-nerve, the base cordate, the apex of the lobes obtuse to rounded, the upper surface glabrous, subglaucous, ns LOWE sue sparsely to moderately tomentose, the petiole 1-3cm long g te; stipules triangular-ovate, ca. 1mm long, caducous; adpetiolar intrastipular excrescence occasionally enlarged and forming a subulate projection to 2 mm long, the oth- ers minute. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal, short-racemose, 2- to 1O- flowered, the rachis tomentellous or strigulose; floral bud elliptic-oblanceolate, ca. 2.5 cm long, rose-red, tomentellous or strigulose, the apex apiculate, the pedicel 1-1.5cm long; bract and bracteoles triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm long. Hypanthium short-tubular, subgibbous at the base, 6-8 mm long; calyx spathaceous at anthesis, soon splitting to the hypanthium into 2 to 5 lobes; pet- als rose-red, 2.5-3 cm long, erect and pseudotubular, short-clawed, glabrous, the blade oblanceolate, 7-8 mm wide, the apex rounded, the margin slightly crisped, the claw 8-9 mm long; fertile stamens 5, red, 2.5-3 mm long, the filaments very short-connate, the staminal sheath with a small laciniate rim, glabrous, the anthers oblong, ca. 5mm long, glabrous, the staminodes 5, rudimentary or to 1/ 2 the length of the fertile stamens, the aborted anthers globose; gynoecium 3.5- 45cm long, the gynophore, ovary, the style subequal, glabrous. Fruit linear, 6- 10 cm long, ca. 1.5 cm wide, apiculate with the persistent style base, dehiscent, light brown, glabrous, the gynophore ca. 1.5 cm long; mature seeds not seen. Distribution and ecology.—Ecuador (Azuay and Chimborazo). Dry scrub hillsides at (600-)1,200-1,800 m. |. ECUADOR. Azuay: along Pasaje-Santa Isabel-Giron highway, ee of the Rio Tenens Harling & Andersson 14404 (GB, USF); Cuenca-Machala road, between Girén and Santa Isa- bel, 17 km from Girdén (03°14'S, 79°13'W), Lojtnant & Molau 14176 (AAU); 17 om SW of Giron, MacBryde 451 (MO). Chimborazo: Huigra, Asplund 7736 (S), Asplund 15507 (K, S); vicinity of Huigra Rose & Rose 22119 (photo ex NY: US); Huigra, White s.n. (BM). State unknown: without definite local- ity, Acosta-Solis 11675 (F). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | gratefully acknowledge the curators of A, AAU, BM, COL, CUVC, DUKE, EG, GB, GH, HUA, K, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, P PMA, S, TEX, UC, UMO, US, VT, WIS for making specimens available for study. I thank Philip A. Silverstone-Sopkin, (CUVC) for information on Bauhinia geniculata, Gerald G. Robinson (USF), for 122 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) information on Bauhinia amatlana, Bruce F. Hansen (USF) for his helpful sug- gestions on the manuscript, and Kathleen Hotchkiss (USF) for assistance with graphics. | also thank the three reviewers of the manuscript for their helpful suggestions. REFERENCES ForTUNATO, R.H. 1986. Revision del genero Bauhinia (Cercideae, Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae) para la Argentina. Darwiniana 27:527-557. Fortunato, RH. 1997. Bauhinia. Flora Fanerogamica Argentina. 33:4—9. Programa Proflora (CONICET), Cordoba, Argentina. McVaucu, R. 1987. Leguminosae. In:W.R. Anderson, ed. Flora Novo-Galiciana. 5:1—786. Uni- versity of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Quinones, L.M. 1988. Una nueva combinacion en Bauhinia (Fabaceae—Caesalpinicideae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75:1155-1156. Vaz, A.M.S.DAF.1979.Consideragdes sobre a taxonomia do género Bauhinia L.sect. Tyloteae Vogel (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) do Brasil. Rodriguésia 31: Vaz, A.M.S. ba F. and A.M.G. pe A. Tozz!. 2003. Bauhinia ser. Cansenia (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) no Brasil. Rodriguésia 54:55—143. Wuwoeruin, R.P. 1976. The Panamanian species of Bauhinia (Leguminosae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63:346-354. WUNDERLIN, R.P. 1983. Revision of the arborescent Bauhinias (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae: Cercideae) native to Middle America. Ann. Missouri Bot Gard. 70:95-127. WuNbeatin, R.P. 1998. Bauhinia. In:J.A. Steyermark, PE. Berry, and B.K. Holst, eds. Flora of Ven- ezuelan Guayana. 4:5-13. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Wunberun, R.P. 2001. Bauhinia. In: W.D. Stevens, C.U. Ulloa, A. Poole, and O.M. Montiel, eds. Flora de Nicaragua. 1:522-526. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. WUNDERLIN, R.P., K. LARSEN, and S.S. Larsen. 1987, Reorganization of the Cercideae (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae). Biol. Skr. 28:1—40. NO ™ DENDROPHORBIUM RESTINGAE (ASTERACEAE: SENECIONEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM SAO PAULO, BRAZIL Aristonio M. Teles Jimi N. Nakajima Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Universidade Federal de Uberlandia Instituto de Bichel ias iB Qeaiea? Rua Ceara s/n - Bloco 2D - campus Umuarama Departam Uberlandia, Minas Gerais Av. Anténio ete 6627, Pampulha, 31.270-110 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BRASIL aristonio@hotmail.com Joao R.Stehmann Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais ie tuto ae as éncias Ries Ay Antonio ane 6627 Pampulha, 31.270-110 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BRASIL ABS RACT Dendrophorbium restingae (Asteraceae: Senecioneae), a new species from Sao Paulo state, Brazil, is described, illustrated, and compared with the related species D. paranense (Malme) Matzenb. & Baptista RESUMEN Dendrophorbium restingae eeu ee Seceipncae) una nueva epens ae Bae Ee, Brasil, es 2. | descrita, ilustrada y i i aptista L Dendrophorbium (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey is a predominantly Andean genus with about 50 species ranging from the Antilles to southern Brazil (Jeffrey 1992). Hind (1993) recorded nine species for Brazil; some years later Matzenbacher and Baptista (1997) proposed one more new combination in the genus, for a total of ten Brazilian species. Dendrophorbium was segregated from the large genus Senecio (Nordenstam 1996), and is recognized by its large and generally dentate leaves, corymbiform to paniculiform capitulescences, radiate heads with 8-13 glabrous phyllaries, style branches with a truncate, obtuse, or conical apex bearing a tuft of trichomes, and 5-8-ribbed cypselae with an annuliform carpopodium (Nordenstam 1996). Dendrophorbium restingae A. Teles J. N. .Nakaj. & Stehmann, 2 nov. (Figs. la, b, TYPE: BRAZII P gica Juréia-Itatins, restinga da praia do Arpoador, 22 Jun 1994, I. Cae M.M.R. Fiuza de Melo, RJ. Oliveira & M. Barros 1531 (HOLOTYPE: SP; ISOTYPE: K). SIDA 22(1): 123 - 128. 2006 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) 124 lotype, SP). a ' right (HUIULY Pe, TELES ET AL., A NEW SPECIES OF DENDROPHORBIUM FROM BRAZIL 125 INSTITUTO DE BOTANICA sp SSo Paulo — Brasil Fic. 1b. Basal leaves (holotype, SP). BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) 10 mm Fic.2.Dend bi j A. Head. B. Phyllaries.C. Ray floret. D. Disk floret. E. Cypselae of disk floret. F. Stamen. All from the holoiyne (SP). A enone horbium paranense affinis, sed foliis majoribus vald ‘datis ( nulatisq ecules aan pevols non auriculatis, floribus dian 30- 35 (vs beac 25) et cypsel is 5-8-costatis (vs. 10 Ca a Robust herbs 1-1.5 m high. Stems fistulose, multisulcate and lanate. Leaves al- ternate, coriaceous, discolorous, glabrous and brownish adaxially and greyish- tomentose abaxially when dry, penninervate with 9-16 secondary veins promi- nent abaxially, margins crenulate; basal leaves non-auriculate, petiolate, the petioles 5.5-12 cm long, winged, clasping the stem, lanate, the blades ovate-cor- date, 7-35 cm long, 6.5-26 cm wide, with apex acute, base cordate; distal leaves sessile and invaginating, the blades oblong, 2-14 cm long, 0.7-3.5 cm wide, with acute apex and obtuse base. Capitulescences corymbiform. Heads heterogamous, TELES ET AL., A NEW SPECIES OF DENDROPHORBIUM FROM BRAZIL 127 radiate, peduncle 1-4 cm long, lanate, bracteole lanceolate. Involucres |-1.3 cm long, 1-1.2 cm wide, campanulate, calyculate, calyculus 5-bracteolate, bracteole 5-6 mm long, linear, glabrous; phyllaries ca. 13, uniseriate, lanceolate, 10-11 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the apex acute and ciliate, the margins glabrous and scari- ous. Receptacles plane, alveolate, epaleaceous. Ray florets 4-8, pistillate; corolla liguliform to 13 mm long, bidentate to tridentate apically; style to 10 mm long, branches straight, ca. 1 mm long, the apex with a tuft of pennicilate trichomes. Cypselae 3-4 mm long, cylindrical, 5-ribbed, glabrate, with inconspicuous carpopodium; pappus ca. 7 mm long, deciduous. Disk florets perfect, 30-35; corolla tubulose, 7-9 mm long, 5-lobate, the lobes 2.5-3 mm long, the midvein visible along the distal half of the tube; stamens with anthers to 3 mm long, exserted, caudate at base to 0.2 mm long, the filaments with anther collar di- lated, the connective with an oblong conspicuous appendage to | mm long; style 7-12 mm long, branches 1-2.5 mm long, divergent, apex truncate crowned by simple trichomes. Oypeclac 3-5 mm long, cylindrical, 5-8ribbed, glabrate, carpopodium annuliform; pappus 6-7 mm long, deciduous. Dendrophorbium restingae mor phological) resembles Dend rophorbium paranense (Malme) Matzenb. & Baptista, but is disti ble by its crenulate and larger leaves and more ray florets, as well as its distinct geographical range and habitat. The new species so far has been collected only in coastal forests on sandy soils of the state of Sao Paulo. This area belongs to the edaphic vegeta- tional complex called Restinga that occupies a narrow belt along the Brazilian coast (Veloso et al. 1991; Rizzini 1997). Other endemic species of Asteraceae grow- ing in this environment, such as species of Noticastrum from Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Zardini 1985) and Litothamnus from Bahia (Holmes 1996). Additionally, D. paranense occurs in humid soils of riverine habitats in the cloud forests of Parana, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Both species can be distinguished by the characters set in the following key: Leaves coriaceous with crenulate margins; petioles not auriculate; phyllaries apically ciliate; disk florets 30-35, corollas 7-9 mm long; cypselae of disk florets 5-8-ribbed D. restingae eee pee earn ql Fee | remot 1 ni- alee dik florets 22-25, corollas 3.5- 5n mm long; ees of disk florets . ae D. paranense Etymology.—The epithet alludes to the habitat of the species, the Brazilian coastal vegetation on sandy soils named restinga. Until the present, no species of this genus had been collected in this vegetation. Geographical distribution and habitat.—This species so far has been col- lected only in restinga vegetation at the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, in the municipality of Peruibe in the state of Sao Paulo, where it grows in rocky places along the shore line. Phenology.—Flowers and fruits were collected from June to October. 128 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) PARATYPE: BRAZIL. Sao Paulo: Estacao Ecoldgica de Juréia-Itatins, Municipio de Peruibe, nucleo, praia do Arpoador, vegetacao de restinga arbustiva, 18 Oct 2004, Moreno et al. 100 (SP). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Inés Cordeiro, curator of the herbarium SP and collector of the type material, Marcos Sobral for suggestions and comments on the manuscript, John Pruski and Guy Nesom for reviewing the manuscript, Rosa Alves for the line drawings, CAPES and CNPq for the grants to the first and last author respec- tively. REFERENCES Hino, DJ.N. 1993. A checklist of the Brazilian Senecioneae (Compositae). Kew Bull. 48: 279-295. Hoimes, W.C. 1996. Litothamnus nitidus (Compositae: Eupatorieae), a new combination based on Mikania nitida (DC.) R. King & H. Robinson. Phytologia 81:385-390. Jerrrey, C. 1992. The tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands with an annotated world check-list of the genera of the tribe. Notes on Compositae: VI. Kew Bull. 47:49-109. Martzensacuer, N.I. and L.R.M. Baptista. 1997. Uma nova combinagdao no género Dendrophorbium (Cuatrec.) C.Jeffrey (Asteraceae - Senecioneae). Bol. Mus. Bot. Prefeitura Municipal Curitiba, MBM. 65(65):1-3. Norbenstam, B. 1996. Recent revision of Senecione and Calenduleae systematics. In DJ.N. Hind & HJ. Beentje, eds. Compositae: Systematics. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference. Vol. 1. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. Pp. 591-596. Rizzini, C.T. 1997. Tratado de fitogeografia do Brasil: aspectos ecoldgicos, socioldgicos e floristicos. Ambito Cultural Edicdes Ltda, Rio de Janeiro. Vetoso, H.P, A.L.R. Ranaet FitHo, and J.C.A. Lima. 1991. Classificagao da vegetagao brasileira, adaptada a um sistema universal. IBGE, Rio de Janeiro. ZARDINI, EM. 1985. Revision del genero Noticastrum (Compositae — Astereae). Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 13(83):313-424. NOVEDADES EN GENTIANACEAE PARA AMERICA DEL SUR Eva M. Filippa Gloria E. Barboza Instituto Multidisciplinario de Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biol ogia Vegetal (CONI CET- UNC) y Biologia | vegeldl Vaan T- UNC) y Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas (UNC) Facultad de Ciencias fees (UNC) Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Cordoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Cérdoba, ARGENTINA. efilippa@imbiv.unc.edu.ar ARGENTINA. gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar ABSTRACT Gentianella fabrisii (Gentianaceae) is proposed as a new species. It is known only from the type collection from the northwestern of Argentina (Prov. Tucuman); a key to distinguish this species from. its closer eae is provided: ne syuonyas for Cicendia quadrangularis, Curtia tenuifolia, 4 spe cies o een are proposed. The ocurrence of Gietenanthas Vernier 1 Schultesia gui is confirmed. These re ] t . Pal : fo) oO cor d and illustrated in detail. RESUMEN Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Gentianella a fa crs) que see en el noroeste de la Argentina (Prov. Tucu man), y se provee UNa Clave | Se dan a conocer nuevos sinénimos para Cicendia adams Girea tenuifolia, Gentiana prostrata, Zygostigma australe y para 4 especies de G nella. Se confirma la pre a de Chelonanthus viridiflorus y Schultesia guianensis para : ae y aoe las que se pe e ilustran detalladamente. INTRODUCCION Li tesdl el ti t tartico, Gentianaceae es una familia con ca. 1690 especies que habitan, por lo comun, en regiones templadas, subtropicales y tropicales (Struwe et al. 2002). Una moderna clasificacion en tribus y subtribus basada, en gran parte, en estudios filogenéticos derivados de datos moleculares (trnL, matK e ITS), acepta 6 tribus y 87 géneros (Struwe et al. 2002). Esta familia se caracteriza por presentar algunas entidades bien conocidas por sus principios amarogénicos y colorantes, de uso tanto en la in- dustria alimenticia como en la farmacéutica Jensen & Schripsema 2002). En el Nuevo Mundo, la mayor diversidad de géneros (de 47 nativos, 36 son endémicos) se encuentra en la region tropical de América Central y América del Sur (Struwe et al. 2002). Con motivo de estar realizando la revision de Gentianaceae para el Catalogo del Cono Sur y para la Flora Fanerogamica de Argentina, surgieron algunas novedades, que ya se dieron a conocer en parte (Filippa & Barboza 2001; 2003), a las que se suman ahora las de la presente contribucion. SIDA 22(1): 129 — 143. 2006 130 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE GENTIANELLA Gentianella fabrisii Filippa et Barboza, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Tivo: ARGENTINA. TUCUMAN, Dpto. Tafi: Quebrada del Baron, Los Planchones, 3300 m, 7 Feb 1958, H.A. Fabris 1417 a (HOLOTIPO: BM; ISOTIPO: H.A. Fabris 1417 a pp., LP). A Gentianella bromifolia foliis ovatis vel late ovatis, floribus hermaphroditus et femineis, calycis lobis anguste ovatis, corollae lobis tubo 3-5 plo longioribus, g ssili differt. Hierba anual, ginomonoica, erecta, hasta ca. 40 cm alt, glabrescente. Tallo solitario, laxamente ramificado desde la base o mas arriba, poco hojoso. Hojas sésiles, las basales escasas, con lamina espatulada, base atenuada en pseudopeciolo y apice agudo, hojas caulinares sésiles, ovadas a anchamente ovadas, agudas, con 3-5-nervios sobresalientes en el hipofilo, de 10-44 mm long. x 5-15 mm lat.,con tricomas glandulares no capitados en la base foliar adaxial. Flores terminales solitarias 0 en cimas 3-5-floras, raro 8-floras y flores axilares solitarias o geminadas; pedicelos de 20-60 mm long.; caliz acrescente y persistente, de 10-16 mm long., lobulos angosto-ovados, agudos, desiguales, hasta 3 veces mas largos que el tubo, tubo con anillo de tricomas glandulares pluricelulares en su borde inferior interno, de 3-5 mm long. corola lila, violacea oscura en la base de cada lobulo, de 17-26 mm long., tubo breve (5-7 mm long.), glabrescente, con tricomas glandulares pluricelulares por encima de la union de los estambres, Lobulos elipticos a espatulados, agudos, de 10-19 mm long., 3- 5 veces mas largos que el tubo, nectarios epipétalos en U; filamentos estaminales planos, mas largos que la altura media de la corola e insertos cerca de la mitad inferior del tubo en las flores perfectas, anteras versatiles (primero introrsas, y extrorsas en la dehiscencia), elipsoides, inclusas, de + 3 mm long, tecas libres en su tercio inferior; en las flores pistiladas, estambres reducidos a estaminodios (filamentos breves con anteras atrofiadas, vacias); gineceo angosto-elipsoide, sésil, lobulos estigmaticos ovados. Capsula de color marron claro, cuando madura excede la corola persistente. Semillas numerosas, castaho oscuras, subesféricas, menores de | mm de diam., con tegumento levemente reticulado. Etimologia.—El epiteto se debe a Humberto A. Fabris 1924-1976), destacado docente e investigador botanico argentino, quien colecciono6 el material tipo y dedico una buena parte de su vida al estudio de las Gentianaceae, en especial Gentianella, de América del Sur. Observacion.—En la coleccién tipo de G. fabrisii se encontraron semillas maduras provenientes de frutos derivados tanto de las flores pistiladas como de las perfectas (Fig. 1 F-H). Habitat y distribucién geografica.—Hasta el momento, solo se conoce esta especie por el material tipo, proveniente de las montanas del oeste de la Prov. de Tucuman, por arriba de los 3000 m. Al igual que sus congéneres, habita en praderas humedas de altura donde convive con Gentianella bromifolia (Griseb.) T.N. Ho et S.W. Liu. FILIPPA AND RARRNZA AMERICA DEI Sl JR Fic.1 tianella fabrisii.A. Habito. B. Corolad 1. do fl re | I E. Caliz, vista externa. F. Embrion.G. Semilla, vista erie ore sr. Lb la . ime 1 1 y lateral. H.T Py I PY -l K. Flor, vista lateral. L. Botén floral despl 10, ot fi I ' E, I,K, L. De Fabris 14174. BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Gentianella fabrisii es afin a Gentianella bromifolia por compartir la ramificacion de los tallos, la longitud de los peciolos, la disposicion de las flores, y la forma y el color de los lobulos corolinos; se diferencian por su sexualidad (planta ginomonoica vs. planta monoico-monoclina), la forma de las hojas caulinares (ovadas a anchamente ovadas vs. linear-elipticas), la forma de los lobulos calicinos (angosto-ovados, agudos vs. linear-triangulares, aleznados), la relacion longitud tubo/Id6bulos de la corola (1/3-1/5 vs. 1/2-1/3) y por el gineceo (sésil vs. estipitado). En los tratamientos de Gilg (1906, 1916), ya se hace mencion de la presencia de poligamia entre las especies de Gentianella (sub nom. Gentiana). Si bien la mayoria de las especies poseen flores monoclinas, se pudo comprobar que de las 29 especies que crecen en la Argentina, en 5 de ellas ocurre ginomonoecia, entre las que se encuentra G. fabrisii,en tanto que solamente G. florida presenta ginodioecia Juarez de Varela 1997; Filippa & Barboza, inédito). Un caso muy particular es el de G. thiosphaera debido a la ocurrencia de trimonoecia (segun Font Quer 1979), es decir flores perfectas en su mayoria, y pocas estaminadas y pistiladas en un mismo individuo (Filippa & Barboza 2001) LAS 7 ESPECIES POLIGAMAS DE LA ARGENTINA SE DIFERENCIAN EN LA SIGUIENTE CLAVE pe cee terminales densas. Anteras hasta de 2 mm long. Pedicelos cortos, en oe o blanco-amarillenta, con tubo notablemente mas corto que los lObulos. Anteras completamente hee Plantas aes G. florida Corola amarillao lila cina,cont {ny j {| it { Anteras inclusas 0 apenas exertas, Plantas no pines ee 37 L I: 4 eet | IAtaral es ae mm. ). Plantas trimonoicas G. thiosphaera 1 | 3. 4s largo que los ldbulos. Gineceo sésil. Plantas ginomonoicas. 4, ils amarilla. Flores axilares en verticilos. Hojas opuestas o en verticilos G. multiflora 4 ae ere Flores axilares no verticiladas. Hojas siempre opuestas G.imberbis 1. Infl i inales | bien fl lit Anteras de 2-4 mm.Pedicelas comparativamente largos, de 15-90 mm 5. Tallo solitario. Hojas ovadas a anchamente ovadas. Lobulos calicinos angasto- vados G. fabrisii 5. Tallos numerosos. Hojas elfpticas 0 angosto- a linear-elipticas. Lobulos calicinos ara a linear-triangulares. 6. Hojas caulinares elipticas, siem} puestas. Nectarios en V. Semillas de 1-1,1 mm X 0,7-0,9 mm G. kurtzii . Hojas caulinares angosto- a linear-elipticas, opuestas o en verticilos trimeros. Rlactarias en U. Semillas de 0,5-0,9 mm X 0,3-0,4 m G. myriantha CILIDDA AND RARRNZA AMERICA NEI SUR 133 NUEVOS SINONIMOS PARA ESPECIES DE GENTIANACEAE CICENDIA Cicendia quadrangularis (Lam.) Griseb., Gen. sp. Gent. 157. 1839. Basonimo: Genti- uadrangularis Lam., Encycl. 2:645. 1788. Tipo: PERU: “Environs of Lima,” Dombey s.n. (HOLOTIPO: P!) Gentiana flava Larranaga, Escritos de Don D.A. Larranaga 2:100. 1923. Tipo: No citado. Syn. nov. Si bien el herbario de Larranaga fue destruido por accion de los insectos (Alonso Paz, com. pers.), gran parte de su obra escrita pudo rescatarse y fue publicada en varias etapas; en 1923, se dieron a conocer las descripciones de las especies y cuatro afios mas tarde (1927) - en el Atlas (Parte I. Botanica)-, las magnificas ilustraciones de referencia. Cuando Larranaga describe Gentiana flava no precisa ningun material tipo, solo sefiala que se encuentra “..en todos los prados; pero es tan pequena que se confunde muy facilmente con el pasto tierno entre que se oculta.” La diagnosis es breve (planta muy pequena, tallo poco ramificado y unifloro, hojas lineares, corola tetramera, glabra, amarilla, hipocrateriforme); sin embargo, los caracteres que utiliza, refrendados por la ilustracion (Lam. LXXV1J), son lo suficientemente precisos para decidir su sinonimia con Cicendia quadrangularis. CURTIA Curtia tenuifolia Ce oe Bot. Zentralbl. 60:357. 1894. (Fig. 2). Basonimo: Hist - Guiane 1:70, .26, f.2. 1775. Tipo: “Habitant in pratis humidis Ca z & Guian ae’ ‘ | lensis Ar , Anales Mus. Nac id 2, 1:65, f.3. 1911. Tipo: [URUGUAY] “Montevideo, arenales hamedos de Carrasco,” Abr 1874, J. Arechavaleta 163 (HOLOTIPO: MVM)). Syn. nov. Arechavaleta (1911) describe C. montevidensis sin mencionar los caracteres que la diferencian de sus congé El habito y la disposicion, forma y longitud de las hojas (opuesta, linear-subulada y ca. 4 mm long.) y la longitud del caliz y corola (ca.4 mm _y 5mm long. respectivamente) observados en el material tipo, son coincidentes con los de C. tenuifolia. Por otro parte, cuando Fabris (1973) cita por primera vez la existencia de Curtia malmeana en la Argentina, destaca su afinidad y posible sinonimia con C. tenuifolia (esta situacion esta propuesta en una preliminar Checklist de Bo- livia virtual: www.efloras.org). Mediante el analisis del material tipo de C. malmeana (Brasil: Malme 424b, S!), corroboramos esta sinonimia. De esta manera, Curtia tenuifolia (Fig. 2), es la Gnica especie que crece en la Argentina (Prov. Corrientes) y sur de Uruguay (Dpto. Montevideo y Canelones). GENTIANA Gentiana prostrata Haenke, Collectanea 2:66, pl.17, f.2. 1789. Tipo: ‘Rara habitat in jugis nivosis alpium Kartal et Frosnitz, principatus Salisburgensis...”. (n.v.). 134 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Fic. 2. Curtia tenuifolia. A. Habito. B. Corola despelgada. C. Gineceo. D—-F. Anteras en vista ventral, dorsal y lateral respectivamente G. Semill lado. H. Flor. I. F CILIDDA AND RADRNZTA AMERICA NEI SUR 135 Gentiana minima Phil. Linnaea 29:13. 1858. Tipo: CHILE: “In Andibus interioribus prov. Santiago,” Philippi s.n. (HOLOTIPO: SGO 053950). Syn. nov. Fabris (1953) hace referencia al gran polimorfismo que presenta G. prostrata, lo que ha motivado una profusa sinonimia para esta especie (Fabris 1983). Genti- ana minima, descripta para Chile, ha pasado inadvertida en la literatura de los ultimos anos. El analisis del holotipo depositado en SGO, puso en evidencia que se trata de un sindnimo mas de G. prostrata. GENTIANELLA Gentianella cosmantha (Griseb.) J.S. Pringle, Phytologia 48:281. 1981. Basonimo: Gentiana cosmantha Griseb., Pl. lorentz.: 161. 1874. Tipo: ARGENTINA. TUCUMAN: Cuesta de la Casilla, Apr 1872, Lorentz 774 (HOLOTIPO: Bl; ISOTIPO: CORD)). Gentianella cosmantha f. violacea Fabris, en A.L. Cabrera (dir), Flora prov. Jujuy 8:66. 1983. Tipo: ARGENTINA. Jujuy: Dpto. Capital, Laguna de Yala, 26 Mar 1979, A.L. Cabrera et al. 30678 (HOLOTIPO: SI). Syn. nov. Fabris (1983) dif ia laf. violacea de la f. cosmantha por el tamano y color de la corola (mas pequena y de color violaceo en vez de rojo 0 rojo-anaranajado). Las observaciones realizadas a campo y de ejemplares de herbarios provenientes del area de distribucion de Gentianella cosmantha, revelaron que poblaciones con corolas rojizas poseen tamano dentro del rango de variacion senalado por Fabris para la f. violacea. Con respecto al color, es frecuente que al envejecer la flor, la corola vire de rojo a rojo-vinoso. Gentianella magellanica (Gaudich.) Fabris ex D. M. Moore, Sci. Rep. Brit. Antarc. Surv. 60:103. 1968. BAsonimo: Gentiana magellanica Gaudich., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) seas 102. 1825. Tipo: [ARGENTINA| “Iles Malouines,” Gaudichaud s.n. (HOLOTIPO: B+; ISOTIPOS: Gentiana patagonica & darwinii Griseb., Gen. sp. Gent. 237. 1839. Tipo: CHILE. “Ad fretum Magellanicum, Elizabeth Island,” Darwin s.n. (HOLOTIPO: K!). Syn. ti Phil., Linnaea 29:109. 1858. Tipo: [CHILE]: “In ae Bee dictis ad altit., ca. ed.s.m.,3 ie 1837,” F Fonck 130 SGO 0539206!). Syn. nov. eee lactea Phil., Anales ce eae 90: 206, 1895, Tipo: [CHILE]. VALDIVIA: “Cordillera Pelada, 1889,” F Philippi s.n. (HOLOTIPO: SGO aon ISOTIPO: BM!). Syn. nov. Gentiana patagonica var. gracilis v, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 7:348. 1896. TIPO: [ARGENTINA “Vallee de POlivaia, cr ea 1896,” N. Albov 661 y 662 (SINTIPOS: LP!). Syn. nov. Gentiana pearcei f. nana Hauman, Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 86(3-4):299. 1918. SinTIPOs: [ARGEN- ROV. MENDOZA|: “Las Cuevas, Sep-Oct 1909,” M.S. Pennington 20 (BAF); “Cordillére de Tunuyan, 4 2700 metres,” leg. Sanzin 1301 (Herb. desconocido). Syn. nov. Los caracteres utilizados por Grisebach para Gentiana patagonica { darwinii (numero de piezas de la corola) asi como los empleados por Philippi para Gen- tiana lactea (grado de ramificacion de los tallos, forma de las hojas e inflorescencias paucifloras) y los usados por Philippi, Albov y Hauman para Gentiana modesta, Gentiana patagonica var. gracilis f. pumila uniflora y Genti- 136 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) ana pearcei f. nana respectivamente (altura de la planta y numero de flores), coinciden en un todo con los que definen a Gentianella magellanica Por otro lado, Spegazzini (1902) describio algunos taxones infravarietales de Gentiana magellanica(G. magellanica var. darwinti f. cyanescens, G. magellanica var. darwinii f. albiflora; G. magellanica var. typica f. cyanescens; G. magellanica var. typica f. albiflora) que coinciden con el rango de variacion del color de la corola de Gentianella magellanica. Estos nombres subespecificos carecen de toda validez taxonomica, ya que no se mencionan especimenes tipos ni ilustraciones. Gentianella multicaulis (Gillies ex Griseb.) Fabris, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 7:89. 1958. BASONIMO: Gentiana multicaulis Gillies ex Griseb., Gen. sp. Gent. 225. 1839. Tipo: [ARGEN- TINA. MENDOZAl “Habitat in humidis pr. Uspallata et pr. Manantiales del Portillo in Andibus Mendozianis, Fl. Jun.,” J. Gillies s.n. GHOLOTIPO: K n.v.). Gentianella achalensis (Gilg) T. N. Ho et S. W. Liu, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 23(2):61. 1993. BASONIMO: Gentiana achalensis Hieron, ex Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22:322. 1896. Tipo: ARGEN- TINA, CORDOBA: San Miguel, en la Sierra Grande (Achala), 27 Mar 1875, J.H.E.W. Hieronymus 215 (LECTOTIPO: CORD!)). Syn. nov. Gentianella mendocina (Gilg) J. S. Pringle, Sida 1368. 1986. BASONIMO: Gentiana mendocina Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, 2 (Beibl. 118):36. 1916. Tipo: ARGENTINA. MENDOZA: 1876, R.A. Philippi s.n. (HOLOTIPO: B+). Syn. noy OC. ( Al igual que G. magellanica, G. multicaulis es una especie muy variable tanto en sus caracteres vegetativos como florales. El rango de variacion se observa en el numero, grosor y altura de los tallos, en la presencia y cantidad de hojas basales, en la cantidad de oe Bas ya ae cencia y en el color de la corola. El lectotipo hal de Gentianad ac Gentianella multicaulis. De igual manera, la diagnosis de G. mendocina se ajusta a dicha especie. Gentianella ottonis (Phil.) Munoz, Sinopsis Fl. Chile: 134. 1959. Basonimo: Gentiana ottonis Phil. Linnaea 33:177. 1805. SINTIPOS: ARGENTINA. MENDOZA: “Portillo de los Puiquenes,” R.A. Philippi s.n. (B+); CHILE: “Andes de Santiago,” R.A. Philippi s.n.(SGO 053960). iana ottonis var. hexamera (Phil.) Reiche, Fl. Chile 5:131.1907. BASONIMO: Gent hexamera Phil, Anales Univ. Chile 43:510. 1873. Tipo: CHILE: “Valle del Yeso de la Cordillera de San- tiago, Ene 1861,” R.A. Philippi s.n. (HOLOTIPO: SGO 053939!, 041974! ISOTIPO: BAF!). Syn. nov. Gen Cuando Reiche (1907) subordina G. hexamera a nivel varietal de G. ottonis, senala que los caracteres de esta especie (tallos unifloros y flores 6-7-meras) podrian corresponder a un hecho tanto anémalo como frecuente. Si bien la mayoria de los ejemplares analizados de G. ottonis presentan flores pentameras, las plantas de las dos cartulinas del holotipo y la del isotipo de G. hexamera, no dejan dudas de esta sinonimia por su habito rizomatoso, el tamano de las flores y la forma de los l6bulos corolinos. ZYGOSTIGMA Zygostigma australe (Cham. & Schltdl.) Griseb., Gen. sp. Gent. 150. 1839. Basonimo: Sabatia australe Cham. & Schltdl, Linnaea 1:194. 1826. Tipo: BRASIL: “Prov. Cisplatina, Braxuelo, Novembri mense floret.,” Sellow s.n. (W?). Gentiana rubra Larrafaga, Escritos de Don D.A. Larranaga 2:100. 1923. Tivo: No citado. Syn. nov. FILIPPA AND RARRO7ZA AMERICA DEL SUR 137 Tal como en el caso de Gentiana flava, Larranaga describe e ilustra esta especie con bastante precision, sin mencionar ejemplar de referencia, salvo su nombre vulgar y fecha de coleccion: “Canchalagua, Ener. 1811.” En base al protdlogo, no quedan dudas que se trata de Zygostigma austra © Sobre la ampliacion del area de distribucion de Chelonanthus viridiflorus en América del sur. Chelonanthus (Griseb.) Gilg es el género neotropical con mayor area de distribucion de la tribu Helieae Gilg, extendiéndose desde el norte de México hasta el sur de Brasil y Bolivia; hasta el t eptanca.8 (Struwe et al. 2002). Su taxonomia es muy confusa; en efecto, muchas ae sus especies han sido descriptas o incluidas en distintos géneros tales como Lisyanthus Aublet (Don 1838; Grisebach 1839, 1845; Progel 1865, Bentham 1876), Helia Mart. (Kuntze 1891) e Irlbachia Mart. (Maas 1985; Pringle 1995). En la actualidad, algunas especies transferidas a Irlbachia (Maas 1985), han sido rehabilitadas a Chelonanthus (Struwe et al. 1998, 1999) por lo que su circunscripcion no resulta facil. Por otro lado, al no haber un tratamiento monografico del género atn permanecen sin resolverse muchos problemas nomenclaturales y de circunscripcion de taxones (Struwe et al. 2002). En la Argentina, y como consecuencia de los cambios en la taxonomia de Chelonanthus, el registro de sus especies ha sido variable. En 1953, Fabris identifico como C. grandiflorus (Aubl.) Hassl., un Gnico ejemplar proveniente del litoral (Prov. Misiones: Molfino s.n.). Hunziker 1984) puso en duda la existencia de esta especie en ese pais debido a su escasa representatividad en los herbarios argentinos. Trabajos recientes registran la ocurrencia de Irlbachia alata (Aubl.) Maas en estudios p de especies del litoral fluvial (Pire et al. 2004) e L alata subsp. viridiflora (Mart.) Pers. @ Maas en estudios floristicos de los esteros del Ibera, en Corrientes (Arbo & Tressens 2000). Al analizar los ejemplares de referencia y otras colecciones del nordeste de la Argentina, se pudo verificar que solo Chelonanthus viridiflorus habita en este pais; asi, su area de distribucion se extiende hacia el sur del continente. En esta contribucion se proporciona una detallada descripcion y se ilustra C. viridiflorus a la par que se adicionan otras colecciones que reafirman la distribucion de esta especie en territorio argentino y paraguayo. 1c 1. Chelonanthus viridiflorus (Mart.) Gilg, en A. Engler u. K. ee Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2):98. 1895. (Fig. 3). Lisianthus viridiflorus Mart., Nov. 1. 2(2):94, t.173. 1827. Helia viridifl Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2:428. 1891. hie oe subsp. eel (Mart.) oe & Maas, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., C 88(4):410. 1985. Tipo: “Crescit in subalpinis campis prope Villa Rica, Sabara, et alibi in Provincia Minarum” Martius 72 (SINTIPO: MI). Hierba anual. Tallo erecto, simple, terete en la base y subcuadrangular superiormente, de 65-100 cm alt. Hojas enteras, pinnatinervias, las inferiores 138 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1 hel fiflorus. A. Habito. B. Semilla. C. Corola desplegada con lusos. D. Transcorte de ovario. E. Antera. F. Frut aliz y estilo persistentes. G. Frut dehi ia. H. Flor. 1. Tri glandular del caliz.J Gineceo. K. Caliz, vist 1o las glandulas.L. pical de infl A, E-G de Schinini et al.11248; B de Arbo etal. 8492; C, D, H—L de Molfino s.n. La escala de 12 mm vale para C,J,L;lad FH. FG K lad CIIDDA AND RAPRNTA AMERICA NEI SUR 139 brevemente pecioladas, subconnadas (las bases confluyen en una vaina membranosa), las superiores sésiles, lamina eliptica, aguda, base atenuada, de (1,5-)2,5-9 cm de long. x (0,6-)1,5-4,5 cm de lat., hipofilo con 2 6 3 pares de nervios secundarios, opuestos y sobresalientes, peciolo de 4+,5-6 mm de long. Cimas dicotomicas terminales, por lo general paucifloras, cada rama con 2-6 flores, bracteas elipticas, agudas. Flores pentameras, perfectas, levemente zigomorfas, horizontales, reflexas en post-antesis, cortamente pediceladas (5-7 mm); bractéolas escuamiformes, hasta ca.7 mm de long, caliz campanulado, persistente y poco acrescente, de 6-9 mm de long., tubo muy breve, con tricomas glandulares pluricelulares en la base, de 2-3 mm, l6bulos crasos, ovados, obtusos, por fuera y en el centro un area glandular elipsoidea sobresaliente; margen translucido; corola verde palida, de (2-)2,5-5 cm de long,, tubo angosto en la base, ensanchado en campana ventricosa por arriba del caliz, de (1,6-)2-4,4 cm de long., lobulos ovados, rotundos, pentanervados, hasta unas 7 veces mas cortos que el tubo, apice grueso y oscuro, recurvado; estambres insertos debajo del 1/3 inferior del tubo, filamentos laminares subiguales, anteras ovoides 0 sagitadas, libres en su 1/3 basal, con un apéndice estéril en el apice, polen en tétrades, blanco, abundante; gineceo bicarpelar, ovario claviforme, placentas introflexas, estilo filiforme, de igual longitud que los estambres, en post-antesis igual o mas largo que la corola, estigma en dos lamelas ovadas. Capsula septicida, reflexa, ovoide-cénica, rostrada (estilo persistente), dehiscente por el medio, en dos valvas al madurar. Semillas numerosas por fruto, anguladas, menores de 1 mm de diam. Habitat y distribucion geogrdfica.—Especie caracteristica de zonas pantanosas, sabanas htimedas, borde de rios y embalsados. Habita en Venezu- ela, Colombia, Guyana, este de Bolivia (Dpto. Santa Cruz), centro y sudeste de Brasil (Edos. Mato Grosso, Goias, Sao Paulo), sudeste de Paraguay (Dptos. Alto Parana, Caaguazu, Canendiyt, Itapua y San Pedro) y noreste de Argentina (Provs. Corrientes y Misiones). Material examinado: ARGENTINA. Prov. Corrientes. Dpto. Ituzaingo: Desembocadura del Arroyo Garapé en el Rio Parana, 45 km al E de Ituzaing6, en pantano, 24 Abr 1975, Schinini et al. 11248 (CTES), Dpto. Santo Tomé: Reserva Natural Provincial del Ibera, Laguna Galarza, 28° 05'S, 56° 40' W, 0-100 m,embalsado al borde del canal de a ala Laguna, 25 Abr 1995, Arbo et al. 6553 (CTES), Laguna de Luna, 28° 04'S, 56° 49’ W, costa occidental, en embalsado, 24 Nov 1999, Arbo et al. 8492 (CTES); Laguna Galarza y Luna, 03 Abr 1998, Honfi & Davina 00895 (MNES); Laguna Galarza, embalsado, 9 Dic 1974, Quarin et al. 2509 (CTES). Prov. Misiones. Dpto. San Javier: San Javier, Feb 1922, Molfinos.n. ae PARAGUAY. Dpto. Caaguazu: Yhu, 24 Ene 1951, Sparre et Vervoorst 2060 (CTES, LIL); 10 km al e Caaguazu, camino a Yhu, orilla de arroyo en terreno pan 0, 8 Feb 1966, Krapovickas et i 9H ok Dpto. Canendiyu: Car pa-cué, pastizal sobre slo sees se Mar 1996, Jimenez & Marin 110 (CTES, PY); Ballinoti cué, cerrado, eas al b turad Feb 1988, Jimenez & eae BJ (CTES). Dpto. Itapua: Isla Yacyret, f I que rod ee de Arary, 22 Abr 1993, Quintana et al. 265 (CTES, PY). 140 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Sobre la presencia de Schultesia guianensis en Argentina y Paraguay La cita de Fabris (1953) para Schultesia guidnensis en la Argentina estaba documentada solo por un ejemplar del Prof. J. Molfino s.n., procedente de Misiones. Se pudo localizar este ejemplar en el herbario BAF y corroborar que, efectivamente se trata de esta especie al compararlo con el material tipo depositado en Paris. En este trabajo, se describe e ilustra a esta especie y se la documenta ademas, para Paraguay. Schultesia guianensis (Aubl.) Malme, Ark. Bot. 30.2):9. 1904. (Fig. 4). Exacum eguianensis Aubl, Hist. pl. Guiane 1:68, t.26, f.1. 1775. Tipo: “Guiane” (PD). Hierbas anuales, pequenas, glabras, de 4-15 cm alt. Tallo erecto, tetragono, con alas reducidas en los angulos, poco ramificado superiormente. Hojas enteras, opuestas, las inferiores pseudopecioladas, espatuladas, obtusas, de 7-10 mm de long. x 5mm de lat.; las superiores sésiles, elipticas, agudas, subconnadas en la base, de 10-25 mm de long. X 5-8 mm de lat. Flores solitarias 0 en cimas dicotomicas en el apice de las ramas; bracteas elipticas, agudas. Flores tetrameras, perfectas, sésiles o con pedicelos breves (hasta de 5 mm); caliz urceolado, persistente, poco acrescente, de 12-19 mm de long., 4-alado, alas marcadamente retinervadas (1,5-2 mm de ancho), tubo de 8-11 mm, l6bulos subtriangulares largamente aleznados; corola rosada a purptrea, marcescente, e 15-22 mm de long., tubo angosto en la garganta, de 9-12 mm, lobulos obovados, rotundos, a veces apiculados, pentanervados, un poco mas cortos que el tubo; estambres insertos en la 1/2 basal del tubo corolino, inclusos 0 apenas exertos, subiguales, sector libre de los filamentos alado hasta su altura media, alas irregularmente partidas en el apice; anteras ovoides 0 sagitadas, libres en su 1/3 basal; polen en tétrades; gineceo bicarpelar, ovario elipsoide, un poco mas corto que el tubo corolino, placentas introflexas, estilo filiforme, deciduo, estigma con dos lamelas trans-ovadas a subcirculares. Capsula septicida, elipsoide. Semillas numerosas por fruto, subesféricas, ca | mm de didm.; episperma reticulado, células poligonales con paredes ligeramente onduladas. Observacion.—Acorde con Struwe et al. (1999) y Pringle (com. pers.), los especimenes procedentes de otras areas de América muestran algunas diferencias con respecto a nuestros datos, sobre todo en la altura de la planta y la longitud del caliz y la corola. Asi, Schultesia guianensis en su conjunto, presenta un rango de variacidn mas amplio en cuanto a los caracteres mencionados, extendiéndose la altura de la planta desde 3-45 cm, la longitud del caliz de 8-22 mm y, la de la corola de 8-26 mm Habitat y distribucion geogrdfica.—Especie palustre de amplia distribucion tropical y subtropical, que se extiende desde México hasta el noroeste de Ar- gentina y Paraguay. En el Cono Sur habita en campos bajos y anegados en la ribera de cursos de agua y lagunas. FILIPPA AND RARRNZA AMERICA DEL SUR 141 & Fic. 4. Schultesi j is. A. Habito. B. Caliz abierto.C. Corola { y gi D. Semilla | i f ticul De Molfino s.n. (BA 52976). lade5 le para B, C 142 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Material examinado: ARGENTINA. Prov. Misiones. Dpto. Capital: Posadas a San José, Feb 1922, Molfino s.n(BA 52976); Posadas, hacia San José, en campo bajo, Molfino s.n., Feb 1922, (BAF). PARAGUAY. Dpto. Cordillera: In regione lacus rte: 1913, Hassler 12596 (BAF, LP); Camino de Altos a Loma Grande 25° 17'S, 55° 15' O, 20 Mar 1989, N. Soria 3438 (FCQ); Cordillera, 25.08° S 57.12' W, 25 Febr 1990, E. Zardini y R. Velazquez awe (AS). BRASIL. Edo. Rio de Janeiro: Cabo Frio, Oct 1899, E. Ule 4747 (CORD). BOLIVIA. Dpto. Santa Cruz: Fortin Ra-velo-Cerro San Miguel, Mar 1989, F. Mereles 2744 (PY). AGRADECIMIENTOS Las autoras expresan su gratitud a los Dres. JS. ae y E.F Guimaraes por la lectura critica de este trabajo y sus acertadas observaciones para mejorar el manuscrito. A los curadores y asistentes curatoriales de los herbarios AS, BA, BAP BM € CORD CLES FCO. KLE LP VMN ES MYNME Pi 5, 5OU. SL yy, Z, quienes pusieron a nuestra disposicion el material de herbario estudiado. Al Dr. P. Maas por habernos facilitado la obtencién de bibliografia especifica. A M. Ehn (S) y a los Dres. M. Mufioz (SGO) y H.S. Osorio (MVM) por el envio de imagenes digitales de materiales tipo. Al Dr. E. Alonso Paz (MVFQ) por la informacion brindada sobre el herbario de Don D. Larranaga. Al Dr. L. Ariza Espinar por suconstante estimulo. A los dibujantes L. Ribulgo y P. Peralta por la confeccion de las ilustraciones. Al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET Argentina), Agencia Cordoba Ciencia (ACC- Argentina), Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnologia (UNC-Argentina) y a la Myndel Botanica Foundation (Argentina) por el apoyo financiero otorgado. REFERENCIAS Arso, M.M. & S.G. Tressens (eds.) 2000. Flora del Ibera. EUDENE, Corrientes. Pp. 1-613. ARECHAVALETA, J. 1911. Vegetacion Uruguaya. Varias especies nuevas. Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo, ser. 2, 1:59-83. BentHAM, G. 1876.Gentianeae. En:G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker,eds.Genera plantarum 2. Lovell Reeve & Co.,Williams & Norgate, London. Pp. 799-820. Don, G. 1838. A general history of the dichlamydeous plants 4. J.G.& F. Rivington et al. London. Pp. 173-214 Fasris, H.A. 1953. Sinopsis preliminar de Gentiandceas argentinas. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 4:233-259. Fasris, H.A.1973.Un nuevo género de Genciandceas para la Flora Argentina, Curtia Cham. & Schidtl. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 15:130-131. Fasris, H.A. 1983. Gentianaceae. En: A.L. Cabrera, ed., Fl. Prov. Jujuy 8. Coleccion Cientifica Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires. Pp. 55-85 Fivippa, E. & G.E. Barsoza. 2001. Novedades en Gentianaceae de Argentina. Kurtziana 29: 79-83. Fiuippa, EM & G.E. Barsoza. 2003. Novedades en Gentianaceae de Argentina. Il. Kurtziana 65-67 Fiippa, E.M & G.E. Barsoza. Gentianaceae, Flora Fanerogamica Argentina. PROFLORA- FILIPPA AND RARRNTA AMERICA NEI SUR 143 CONICET. Inédito. Font Quer, P. 1979. Diccionario de Botanica. Ed. Labor, S.A. Barcelona. Pp. 1-1244. Gi, E. 1906. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gentianaceae Ill. Gentianaceae andinae. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16-17:33-56. Gitc, E. 1916. Gentianaceae andinae. Monographischem Zusammenstellung der Genti- ana-Arten Stid-Amerikas. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54-2. Beibl.118:80-85. GRrISEBACH, H.R. 1839. Genera et species Gentianearum.J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart & Tubingen. Pp. 364 GriseBACH, H.R. 1845. Gentianaceae. En: A. De Candolle, ed. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 9. Fortin, Masson et Sociorum, Paris. Pp. 38-141. Hunziker, A.T. 1984.Los géneros de Fanerdgamas de Argentina.Claves para su identificacion. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 23:158 JENSEN, S.R. & J. ScHripsema. 2002. Ct t and pharmacology of Gentianaceae. En: L. Struwe and V.A. Albert, eds. Gentianaceae - Systematics and Natural History. Cam- bridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp. 573-631. JUAREZ DE VARELA, F. 1997. Gentianaceae. En: Flora del Valle de Lerma, Aportes Botanicos de Salta, Ser. Flora 4:1-19. Kuntze, C.E.O. 1891.Revisio generum plantarum 2. Arthur Félix, Leipzig. Pp. 426-432. Larraniaca, D.A. 1923. Escritos de Don Damaso Antonio Larrafaga. Il. Botanica-Zoologia. Instituto Histdrico y Geografico del Uruguay, Montevideo. Pp. 1-512. LARRANAGA, D.A. 1927. Escritos de Don Damaso Antonio Larranaga. Atlas, Parte |. Botanica, Instituto Histérico y Geografico del Uruguay, Montevideo. Lam I-CXXxXI. Maas, PJ.M.1985.Nomenclatural notes on Neotropical Lisyantheae (Gentianaceae). Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch C 88:405-41 2. Prinate, J.S.1995.Gentianaceae. En:G. Harling and L. Anderson, eds. Flora of Ecuador 53.Pp. Sie Procet, A. 1865. Gentianaceae. En: C.F.P von Martius, ed. Flora Brasiliensis 6 (1). Leipzig. Pp. 197-248. Pire, S.M., LM. AnzoteGu! & G.A. Cuanrano. 2004. Estudios palinoldgicos en el Litoral fluvial argentino. Instituto Superior de Correlaci6n Geoldgica, Ser. Misc. 12:139-146. ReicHe, C. 1907. Jencianaceas, Fl. Chile 5 [Gentianaceae: 120-134]. Specazzini, C. 1902. Nova addenda ad Floram Patagonicam Il. Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 53 [Gentianaceae: 73-75]. Stauwe, L.& V.A. Aceert. 1998. Lisianthus (Gentianaceae), its probable homonym Lisyanthus, and the priority of Helia over Iribachia as its substitute. Harvard Pap. Bot. 3:63-71. Struwe, L., PJ.M. Maas, O. PIHLAR & V.A. AcperT. 1999. Gentianaceae. En: PE. Berry, K. Yatskievych & B.K. Holst, eds. Fl. Venezuelan Guyana 5:474-542. Struwe, L., J.W. Kavereit, J. KLACKENBERG, S. Nisson, M. THiv, K.B. Von HAGEN & V.A. AvBerT. 2002. Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Gentianaceae, including a new tribal and subtribal classification. En:L. Struwe and V.A. Albert, eds. Gentianaceae - Sys- tematics and Natural History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp. 21-309. BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Book REVIEW Oi Lers. 2005?. Coffee, cappuccino, espresso and much more. (ISBN 3-921799- 48-1, hbk.). Kochbuch-Verlag?, Munich. $30.00, 159 pp, 14 color illus., 6 3/4" x 8 3/8". Robusta, arabica, peaberry, mocha...? “Perfectly home made by Olli Leeb,” follows the title of this charming homespun publication. A loosely edited translation from the German results in a quaint posualys across-the-table Bo of } ur i€ if narrative. Add to that the ty pevnile: styled, unjustified, co fun book! And asan added anomaly, dered only slightly UOUL f | tha Ca VEE Yy tui except for a few color graphics, the book i is printe di in an apropos light sepia tone. This is haan a coffee cookbook which the author makes no bones about. It does, eee begin with several one o He skims through such topics as cultivation, different variet- two page “chapters” on various to ies, processing, opus - movement oa the globe, roasting, and even the origins of (gasp!) in- drepat ation of the different styles of coffee drinks tor stant coffee. From tt (cappuccino, Turkish, café latte etc.) ia the use of coffee in other drinks. Finally, there are several chapters on food prepared with coffee including: cakes, ice cream, pastries, and other desserts. All is mments on the role of coffee in history, politics, culture, and social custom. interspersed with ¢ » way of example here is one of my favorite quotes from the book: “The small coffee ae met at its greatest success during the industrialization when beer, which until then had b work and even at breakfast, was gradually being pushed aside by coffee. This brought forth a more productive labor force, which was better protected when handling machinery and worked more ef - ficiently.” Regardless of depth of knowledge anyone interested in the bean will enjoy this delightful Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, TX 76102-4060, U.S.A. bli Robert]. George, Botanical publication, reeorge@britorg. SIDA 22(1): 144. 2006 AMELICHLOA: A NEW GENUS IN THE STIPEAE (POACEAE) Mirta O. Arriaga Mary E. Barkworth Herbario Intermorntain Herharilsm Museo Argentino de ie: (as aaIIGIES Department of Biology ernar dino R Utah State University C1405DJR Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA Logan, Utah 84322-5305, U.S.A. ABSTRACT A new genus of Sti} P Amelichloa, is described. It differs f ther genera in the tribe in the woody, sharp tips of it basal leaves, the presence of smooth longitudinal ribs on its caryopses, its persistent stylar bases gnc in the edpent pie of cleistogamous panicles in the axils of its basal leaf sheaths. TI ambigua, A. brachychaeta, A. brevipes, A. caudata, and A. clandestina. The fie four sneciee are native to South America; A. clandestina is native to northern Mexico. A key to the ee is ia ided. Three of them, A. brachychaeta, A. caudata, and A. clandestina, have becom ished in disturbed areas on other continents. The name honors Dr. Maria Amelia Torres. RESUMEN Se do Ameliehloe: un nuevo genero pan la ube onpeae (Poaceae). El cu ono difiere a otros presentar a muy longitudinales e en la supe del cariopse y fee ere persistentes, asi como en la frecuente presencia de nos en las axilas de las hojas basales. El género se encuentra constituido por cinco Spo A. ambigua, A. Oe ae on Prey e! A. Eauace y A. sain esas Las cuatro r . te Tres de | ies A. brachychaeta, A.caudata y A.clandesti | blecid A li bad | i Se dedica este géneroa la Dra. Maria Amelia Torres. This paper arises from the need to determine the appropriate generic treatment of three grass species introduced in the United States. In traditional generic treat- ments they are known as Stipa brachychaeta, S. caudata, and S. clandestina. All three have names in Achnatherum (Barkworth 1993; Jacobs & Everett 1996). The first two have, in addition, names in Jarava (Penailillo 2002). Soreng et al. (2003) treated S. brachychaeta and S. caudata as species of Jarava and S. clandestina as a species of Achnatherum. We reviewed fresh material, herbarium samples and type specimens of all three species and became convinced that, not only do they all belong to the same genus, but that they do not belong to any currently recognized genus. In this paper, we present the new genus, explain how it differs from other Ameri- can genera, list the species that it includes, and provide a key to the species. Etymology.—We are naming the new genus Amelichloa in honor of Dr. Maria Amelia Torres who has generously shared with us her extensive knowledge of South American Stipede. SIDA 22(1): 145 — 149. 2006 146 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth, gen. nov. Type: Amelichloa ambigua (Speg,) Arriaga & Barkworth (Stipa ambigua Speg.). Species Amelichl liff | li Stipearum laminis apicibus rigidisimis a ae | i pag dorsali et duobus costis 1:} ] : 1; 1G] . : Pec SPs eee We fal; oO et acutissimis ) 121 * basalium quam inter species alias in triby pro ai te one Plants perennial, cespitose. Culms erect, with 2-3 nodes. Leaves mostly basal; sheaths open, smooth, glabrous; auricles absent; ligules scarious, rounded to acute; blades stiff, involute, apices very stiff, sharply pointed. Inflorescences paniculate, main panicle terminal, apparently wholly chasmogamous, reduced cleistogamous panicles often present axillary to the basal leaf sheaths. Spike- lets of terminal panicles with | floret, disarticulating above the glumes and be- low the floret. Glumes exceeding the floret, acute to acuminate, 1-5-veined; anthoecia fusiform, terete; calluses antrorsely strigose, blunt; lemmas pubescent, often more densely and/or more persistently so over the midvein and lateral veins, hairs on the lower portion about 0.7-2 mm long, hairs on the distal por- tion often longer; crown not developed; awns 1-2-geniculate, scabrous, persis- tent; lodicules 3; stamens 3, anthers sometimes all of equal size and more than 2 mm long, sometimes 1 more than 2 mm long and 2 much shorter, sometimes all short; ovaries glabrous, style with 2 branches, united at the base, stigmas plu- mose. Caryopses fusiform, with 3 smooth, longitudinal ribs at maturity, stylar bases 1-2 mm long, persistent, sometimes eccentric; hila linear, about as long as the caryopses. Spikelets of axillary panicles 0.5-1 mm long, glumes thin, shorter than the florets, florets unawned or with reduced awns. x = 1]? Amelichloa includes five species, four of which are South American. The fifth species, A. clandestina, grows in northern Mexico. Some species have also become established in other parts of the world. The short anthers are probably associated with cleistogamy. A similar variation in anther length is also found in the primarily South American genus Nassella. In N. leucotricha (Trin. & Rupr.) R.W. Pohl, the proportion of florets with the different combinations varies in response to environmental conditions. Cattle avoid the species of Amelichloa because of the pointed leaves. The frequent presence of cleistogenes also favors establishment of the species in ar- eas that are grazed or mown. The combination of the sharp leaves and cleistogenes means that members of the genus could become serious problems in rangelands. The only chromosome count that has been made for the genus is of 2n = 44 for Amelichloa brachychaeta (Bowden and Senn 1962). None of the species has been included in any molecular studies. We shall be initiating a study that in- cludes some species of Amelichloa, plus many other South American taxa, in summer, 20006. ADDIACA ANN RADVINODTU AMECLICUINA 147 1. Hairs at the top of the lemmas 4-5 mm long, numerous A.ambigua 1. Hairs at the top of the lemmas up to 2.5 mm, long, sparse. 2. Awns 27-30 mm; florets 7-9.8 mm A. brevipes 2. Awns 10-25 mm; florets 4-8 mm. 3, Mature caryopses with inclined, eccentric stylar bases; lemmas glabrous be- tween the midvein and the lateral vein, even at the base, usually also gla- brous between the lateral vein a the marginal vein A. caudata . Mature caryopses with erect, usually centric stylar bases; lemmas pubescent between the lateral and marginal veins on the lower 1/2, usually also be- tween the midvein and lateral veins. 4. Florets 4—-5.5 mm long; awns usually 1-geniculate A. brachychaeta 4, Florets 5.5-8 mm long; awns usually 2-geniculate A. clandestina (eS) Amelichloa ambigua (Speg.) Arriaga & Barkworth, comb. nov. Basionym: Stipa ambigua Speg,, April 1925. Revista Argent. Bot. 1:27. Jarava ambigua (Speg.) Penailillo, Gayana, Bot. 59:30. 2002. TypE: ARGENTINA: PROV. BUENOS AIRES: Pdo. Gral. Pinto, “in pratis circa Estacion Iriate,” 24 Nov 1905, Spegazzini s.n. (HOLO- YPE: LP ex LPS-2412!; isotype: BAA-2946 (col. Typus!)). Pee dusenii Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24:271.1925. Type: ARGENTINA: BUENOS AIRES: plains Sierra de la Ventana., 29 Nov 1904, P Duséns.n. (HOLOTYPE: US-1161165; PARATYPE: BAA-3038 ex Herb. Parodi 5054 (col. Typus!)). Distribution.—Argentina and Uruguay (Rosengurtt et al. 1970; Zuloaga et al. 1994; Torres 1993, 1997), introduced to France (Verloove 2005). Amelichloa brachychaeta (Godr.) Arriaga & Barkworth, comb. nov. BasionyM: Stipa brachychaeta Godr., Mém. Sect. Sci. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 1:450. 1853. Nassella brachychaeta (Godr.) Barkworth, Taxon 39:609. 990) Achnatherum brachychaetum r.) Barkworth, Phytologia 74:6. apes Jarava brac! (Godr.) Penailillo, Gayana, Bot. 59: 5 2002. TyPE: FRANCE: du Por l ‘au Jardin Botanique, Patria ignota, “plantes etrangerse-an, Port Juvenal. Anon. igh 22 May pla inane PE (probable): MPU; OM: BAA- 2979, hojas a & b! (col. typus, fragm. d tipo). ce eminens fo. viridis Kuntze, Revis. =e PL 3:37). 888 TYPE: ARGENTINA. SANTA FE: Ceres, 92, Kuntze s.n. (HOLOTYPE: NY; ISOTYPE: COR - vanes Griseb., Symb. Fl. Argent. 298- 290, a TYE: ARGENTINA: Cordoba, PG. Lorentz 46,187? (HOLOTYPE: GOET, ISOTYPE: CORD, US 866090! (fragm. ex GOET)). Distribution.—Argentina, Chile, Pert and Uruguay (Matthei 1965; Rosengurtt et al. 1970; Zuloaga et al. 1994; Torres 1993, 1997). Although Tovar (1993) and Brako and Zarucchi (1993) do not mention it, the presence of this species in Perti is cited in Caro and Sanchez (1971), Torres (1997), and Verloove (2005). In- troduced to the U.S.A., Australia Jacobs & Everett 1993), France, and Spain (Verloove 2005). Amelichloa brevipes (E. Desv.) Arriaga & Barkworth, comb. nov. BasionyM: Stipa brevipes E. Desv, Fl. Chil. 6:282. 1854. as brevipes (E.Desv.) Penailillo, Gayana, Bot. 59:30. 2002. Type: CHILE: en las provincias ntrales de la Republica, C. Gay 1106. s.d. (HOLOTYPE: P; ISOTYPE: BAA! (col. typus fragm ues (fragm.)). 148 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Stipa hirtiflora Hack. in Dusén, Ark. Bot. 7:5, t.3, (f.7), 7, CL. 4-5). 1908. TYPE: ARGENTINA. SANTA Cruz: Arroyo Pelque, Jan 1905, P. Dusén 5640 (HOLOTYPE: W, ISOTYPE: US 1161168, 3168627 (fragm.)). Distribution.—Argentina (Roig in Correa 1978; Torres 1993; Zuloaga et al. 1994), Chile (Matthei 1965). Amelichloa caudata (Trin.) Arriaga & Barkworth, comb. nov. BasionyM: Stipa caudata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1:75. 1830 A] th tum (Trin.) S.\W.L. Jacobs & J. Everett, Telopea 6:582. 1996. Jarava caudata (Trin.) Penailillo, Gayana, Bot. 59:30-31. 2002. TYPE: Specimena Chilensia, J. Lindley s.n. (HOLOTYPE: LE-TRIN 1392.01 (& fig); IsoTYPE: BAA 3001! (col. typus fragm), US 2489479 (fragm)). Stipa bertrandii Phil. Linnaea 33(3-4):283. 1864. Type: CHILE: Andes de Santiago, Bertrand s.n (HOLOTYPE: SGO-PHIL-102; IsoTYPE: BAA 2972! (col. typus frag. ex holotype), SGO 62787, 63156; US 866140). Stipa amphicarpa Phil. Anales Mus Nac. Santiago de Chile 11, lam.3, f.2. 1892. Type: CHILE: prope Angol, Dec 1887, R.A. Philippi (HOLOTYPE: SGO-PHIL 99, BAA 2952! (col.typus fragmento ex SGO); ISOTYPE: SGO 37393, 62793, US A866145). Stipa litoralis Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 93:717. 1896. Type: CHILE: Isla Quiriquina, Mar 1880, R.A Philippi s.n. (HOLOTYPE: SGO 62798; US 825120 (fragm. ex SGO)) Distribution.—Argentina, Chile and Uruguay (Matthei 1965; Rosengurtt et al. 1970; Zuloaga et al. 1994; Torres 1993, 1997); introduced to Australia Jacobs & Everett 1993), England, Italy, Spain (Verloove 2005), and U.S.A. Amelichloa clandestina (Hack.) Arriaga & ees comb. nov. BASIONYM: Stipa clandestina Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8:516. 1 Achnath ‘land (Hack.) Bark worth, Phytologia 74:6. 1993. TYPE: MEXICO: COAHUILA: saltillo, Mar 1908, Arséne aan ECTOTYPE: W, ISOLECTOTYPE: MO 845904t US 1030718, 3168626 (ragm. ex W). Lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24:238. 192 Distribution.—México; introduced to U.S.A. Hitchcock (1925) included a pittieri in S. clandestina and, as a result, included Colombia in the range of S. clandestina. The type of S. pittieri (US 531634!), however, belongs in Nassella, as is reflected in the combination N. pittieri (Hitche.) Penailillo (1998). Thus, it appears that A. clandestina is restricted to northern México. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Maria Amelia Torres for her ongoing interest in the tribe, her will- ingness to share her knowledge, and her well documented publications. We also thank the curators of BAA, CDA, LP, MO, and US for making their specimens available to us for this and our other studies in the Stipeae, J. Landers and J. Valdés Reyna for bringing the presence of A. clandestina to Barkworth’s atten- tion, RJ. Soreng for clarifying Hitchcock's attribution of Stipa clandestina to Colombia, and G. Davidse and S.WL. Jacobs for their careful review and thought- ful comments. ARDIAGA AND RARPKUIWOARTH AMELICHINA 149 REFERENCES BarkworthH, M. 1993. North American Stipeae (Graminae): taxonomic changes and other comments. Phytologia 74:1-25. Bowoen, W.M. and H.S. Senn. 1962. Chromosome numbers in 28 grass genera from South America. Canad. J. Bot.40:1115-1124. Brako, L.and J.L. ZaruccHi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot., Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. Brown, W.V. 1952.The relation of soil moisture to cleistogamy in Stipa leucotricha. Bot. Gaz. 113:438-444. HitcHcock. A.S. 1925. North American species of Stipa. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24:215-262. Jacoss, S.W.L.and J. Everett. 1996. Austrostipa,a new genus, and new names for Australasian species formerly included in Stipa (Gramineae). Telopea 6:579-595. MattHel, O.R. 1965. Estudio critico de las gramineas del género Stipa en Chile. Gayana, Bot. 13:1-137. PENAILILLO, P. 1998. Nuevas combinacidnes en el género Nassella E. Desv.emend.Barkworth (1990) (Poaceae, Stipeae). Gayana, Bot. 55:85-88. PENAILILLO, P. 2002. El género Jarava Ruiz et Pavon (Stipeae-Poaeae): delimitacion y nuevas combinaciones. Gayana, Bot. 59:30. Roic, FA. 1978. Género Stipa L. In: Correa, Flora Patagénica, Coleccidn Cientifica del INTA, 7(3):288-327. Rosencurrt, B., B. ARRILLAGA DE Marrel, and P. Izacuirre De Artucio. 1970. Gramineas Uruguayas. Univers. de la Republica, Depto. Publicacidnes. Montevideo, Uruguay. SoRENG, R.J., BM. Peterson, G. Davipse, E.J. Jupziewicz, F.O. ZULOAGA, T.S. FILGUEIRAS, and O. Morrone. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pocideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:1-730. Torres, M.A. 1993.Revision del género Stipa (Poaceae) en la Prov.de Buenos Aires. Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas, Prov. Buenos Aires, Monografia 12:1-62. Torres, M.A. 1997. Stipa (Gramineae) del noroeste de la Argentina. Comisién de Investigaciones Cientificas, Prov. Buenos Aires, Monografia 13:42-65. Tovar, O. 1993.Las Gramineas (Poaceae) del Peru. Ruizia 13:1-480. Vertoove, F. 2005.A synopsis of Jarava Ruiz & Pav.and Nassella E. Desv. (Stipa L.,s./.) (Poaceae: Stipeae) in southwestern Europe. Candollea 60:97-117. ULOAGA, F.O., E.G. Nicora, Z.E. RUGOLO DE AGRASAR, O. Morrone, J. PENSIERO, aNd A.M. CIALDELLA. 1994. Catalogo de la Familia Poaceae en la Republica Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot., Missouri Bot. Gard. 47:1-178. 150 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Book NOTICES Flora of North America (Asteraceae) Fiora oF Nort AMERICA EpitoriAL Committee (Eds.) 2006. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 19. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1. (ISBN 0-19-530563-9: 978-0-19-530563-0, hbk.). Oxford Univ. Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A. (Orders: http:// www.oup.com). $95.00, 579 pp., illustrations, maps, 8 1/2" x 11". FLora or NortH AMeriIca EpttortAL Committee (Eds.) 2006. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 20. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Asteraceae, part 2. ISBN 0-19-530564-7; 978-0-19-530564-7, hbk.). Oxford Univ. Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 1OO16, U.S.A. (Orders: http:// www.oup.com). $95.00, 666 pp., illustrations, maps, 8 1/2" x 11" Frora oF NortH America Epiroriat Committee (Eds.) 2006. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 21. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. ISBN 0-19-530564-4; 978-0-19-530565-4, hbk.). Oxford Univ. Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A. (Orders: http:// www.oup.com). $95.00, 616 pp., illustrations, maps, 81/2" x 11" From FNA website.—Covering the Asteraceae, or Composite, family, the largest family in the Flora of North America area, these three volumes contain ne cae 420 species classified in +18 genera and 14 tribes. More than 60% of the s > the flora region and almost 10% are known as introductions that have miatanaticedl Members of ‘his tamily of higher plants can be found to flour- ish in many habitats. Sunflowers, daisies, goldenrods, sagebrush, asters, zinnias, arnicas, chamomile, cory, lettuce, coneflowers, ragweeds, tickseeds, thistles, dandelions, > chrysanthemums, marigolds, ch tarweeds, cockle dee ereen and many other familiar plants are members of the Asteraceae. Each of the genera within these volumes has one or more representative species illustrated with a line drawing; more than 660 species are illustrated. Occurrence maps for nearly 3,300 species anc accompany the identification keys, descriptions, and discussions about these subspecies, b plants. SIDA 22(1): 150. 2006 TAXONOMY OF THE CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX (CONVOLVULACEAE) IN NORTH AMERICA Mihai Costea (corresponding author Guy L.Nesom Department of Biology Botanical Research Institute of Texas fa a pallies! University can Stre 5 | West Fort Worth, Texas 76102- He U.S.A. Waterloo, Ontario esom@brit.org N2L 3C5, CANADA mceostea@wlu.ca Sasa Stefanovic Department of Biology University of Toronto at : ississauga 359 Mississauga Road Mississauga, cakes L5L 106, CANADA ABSTRACT Cuscutd pentagona, C. campestris, and C. glabrior are closely similar taxa recognized here at specific a 8 y P rank. Closely related to these are C. runyonii, C. harperi, C. plattensis, and C. sandwichiana, as well as G: pu UoNG var. cle an and C. polygonorum. Cuscuta runyonii, C. harperi, ane Ss ea aan L are relatively narrow € : pla ttensisand C.¢labrior have wider but ay parently while C. obtusiflora var. ¢ Pagid C. polygonorum, and especially C. pentagona ae Ee Peierls are widespread and br oadly sympatric in North America, at least in some regions. Cuscuta campestris is one of the most widespread species in the world, being additionally recorded from South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and eee Comparisons among these nine species are presented as a key and as comparative d M images are provided for flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen. RESUMEN Cuscutd ponapane: . canon y GC. ais son taxa fuertemente semejantes, reconocidos aqui como especies as estan C. runyonii, C. harperi, y C. Ss como tambien G; gps ite var, eagles yiG: pono Cuscuta runyonii, C. ee C. plattensis y C.glabrior tienen ran I 14 di 8 eee Cn ca tusiflora var.glandu losa, a y especialmente G pemieepng y.G. eee son comunes y eae iamente Sue en d Norteameéric siendo mencionada a Sudamérica, Europa, Asia, Arica y Australia Las comparaciones entre estos seis Se ofrecen imagenes de SEM de las I E f ores Hates semillas y polen. Engelmann (1859) distinguished three varieties of Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. in addition to the typical form: var. calycina, var. verrucosa, and var. microcalyx. Yuncker (1932, 1965) treated var. calycina and var. verrucosa at specific rank but provided a new name for each: C. campestris Yuncker (nom. nov.) and C. SIDA 22(1 = > 151-175. 2006 152 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) glabrior (Engelm.) Yuncker (comb. nov.), respectively. He treated var. microcalyx as a synonym of typical C. pentagona. Recent studies have not recognized C. campestrisat any rank (e.g, Beliz 1986; Gandhi et al. 1987), while C. glabrior has been regarded asa variety of C. pentagona (Gandhi et al. 1987) or as nomencla- tural synonym of C. indecora Choisy var. neuropetala (Engelm.) Hitche. (Beliz 1986). Three other species from North America, C. harperi Small, C. plattensis A.Nels.,and C. runyonii Yuncker, were included by Yuncker in the same group (subsect. Arvenses Yuncker) with C. pentagona and C. campestris (Yuncker 1965). Although C. runyonii has been considered a good species by all authors, C. harperi and C. plattensis were treated by Beliz in her Ph.D. dissertation (1986) as nomenclatural synonyms of “C. pentagona var. polygonorum’ and C. indecora, respectively, The current paper is the second of several to present taxonomic analyses of Cuscutad species groups and complexes. The first (Costea et al. 2005) gave an assessment of Cuscuta nevadensis and Cuscuta veatchii; three others follow in this issue (Costea et al 2006a,b,c). Other two papers that are now in preparation will deal with the phylogeny of Cuscuta and its infrageneric taxonomy, includ- ing the formal delimitation of the groups of species treated in the four papers published in this issue. Evaluations of the status of all these taxa are necessary for the accounts of Cuscuta in the Flora of North America and the forthcoming revision of The Jepson Manual (California). The comments below on reproduc- tive biology and taxonomy are in perspective of the whole genus. pes) — REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA Scarcity of information regarding the reproductive biology of Cuscuta species limits progress toward understanding the taxonomy and evolution of this ge- nus. For example, a detailed study of floral biology is available only for C. attenuata Waterfall (Prather & Tyrl 1993), which is very closely related to to C. indecora. Although they may be sympatric over an extensive geographical range, species such as C. campestris and C. pentagona have never been found “growing together at the same site” (Musselman 1986). Apparently a single her- baceous host cannot support more than one parasite (often a single Cuscuta plant simultaneously parasitizes several different host plants), although it does not seem impossible that colonies of different Cuscuta species might exist side by side. Furthermore, although some species (e.g., C. epithymum Murray, C. rostrata Shuttlw. ex Engelm. &@ A.Gray) have been reported to be pollinated by insects (Beliz 1986; Musselman 1986; Holm et al. 1997), others such as C. pentagona and its relatives apparently are autogamous (Verdcourt 1948; Beliz 1986; Musselman 1986; Prather & Tyrl 1993; Dawson et al. 1994). In the C. pentagona complex, we observed that anthers dehisce longitudinally before {lowers open, further substantiating previous observations of autogamy. The low pollen/ovule ratio (= 65) found by Beliz 1986) in C. pentagona Gncluding C. COSTEA ET AL., TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX 153 campestris) supports the idea that autogamy may be common (see Cruden 1977). The occurrence of inbreeding may help explain the relatively high num- ber of taxa (species and varieties) that are recognizable as morphological enti- ties in Cuscuta. The existence of intermediate-like plants observed rarely in populations of the C. pentagona complex probably reflects populational vari- ability in closely related taxa. Hybridization also is a possible explanation, but experimental attempts to produce hybrids (e.g. between C. indecora and C. attenuata) have failed (Prather & Tyrl 1993). Seed dispersal of many Cuscuta species seems unspecialized (Kuijt 1969). “Natural” means of seed dispersal are unknown. Lyshede (1984) suggested that wind may play a significant role in dispersal because of the pits present on the seed coat of dry seeds. However, Cuscuta seeds do not possess “classical” adap- tations for wind dispersal, and the alveolate/papillate seed coat seems more an adaptation related to the germination process (Costea & Tardif 2006). Kuijt (1969) mentioned that seeds remain viable while they pass through the diges- tive system of sheep, but Gdmez (1994) in Sierra Nevada, Spain, reported that hosts infested with C. epithymum were avoided by the Spanish ibex, the main herbivore in the area. Herbivores may avoid plants infested with Cuscuta be- cause of the yellowish color (Costea & Tardif 2006). Capsules and seeds of Cuscuta float, and although water dispersal has never clearly been documented, it may occur only in the species that prefer the vicinity of water, such as C. gronovii Willd.ex J. A. Schult. Dispersal over long distances of weed species such as C. campestris has been connected with anthropomorphic activities. The prin- cipal means of world-wide dispersal of Cuscuta weeds has been through con- taminated seeds of forage legumes (alfalfa, clover, and lespedeza, especially Les- pedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don; reviewed by Dawson et al. 1994; Costea & Tardif 2006). Furthermore, when wetted, the seed coat in Cuscuta species be- comes papillose-gelatinous and adheres easily to soil particles, and seeds may thus be carried by farm machinery (Costea & Tardif 2006). METHODS Descriptions of morphology and micromorphology are based mostly on speci- mens from herbarium NY, which includes Yuncker’s herbarium (Appendix 1). Measurements of floral parts except anthers were done on rehydrated her- barium material. Length of flowers was measured from the base of calyx to the tip of straightened corolla lobes. Pollen, anthers, seeds, and capsules were mea- sured on SEM pictures taken with a scanning electron microscope Hitachi S- 570 at 15 KV. Samples were coated with 30 nm gold using an Emitech K 550 sputter coater. Standard terminology for cell types and surface sculpturing pat- terns follows Barthlott et al. 1998); pollen terminology follows Hoen (1999). Conservation status was assessed using NatureServe (2005) ranks and criteria. Identification of Cuscuta often isa lengthy process because rehydration of 154 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) flowers, dissection, and examination under a microscope are usually necessary. Variation may be expected on the same individual (e.g, Gandhi @ Thomas 1983; Severova 1991). Furthermore, because flowers do not mature simultaneously, the size and ratios between different floral parts on the same plant may vary to some extent. A range of flowers, fruits, and seeds belonging to the same plant should be examined. The angled calyx of C. pentagona and C. harperi is best ower and during early fructification; full development of capsules — —_— observed inf may obscure the character. MICROMORPHOLOGY Flowers and capsules.—Laticifers, papillae, and multicellular protuberances may occur on the floral parts and capsules and distinctions between these features can be important in recognizing members of the C. pentagona complex (mag- nification of LOOX or more recommended). Laticifers are visible in the calyx and sometimes in the corolla and capsules of all taxa. Yuncker usually referred to them as “pellucid glandular-appearing cells” (Yuncker 1921, 1932, 1965). La- ticifers may appear isolated, rotund, ovoidal or tangentially elongated, or they can be organized in rows (Fig. 1 c,e). Laticifers from the stems are perivascular, multinucleate, and articulated (Lyshede 1985). Papillae are more or less radi- ally elongated cells, and they are present in the calyces, corollas, and capsules of C. harperi, C.glabrior, and C. runyonii (Fig. Le,f; 2. a,b,c). Multicellular protu- berances are larger and they may occur in C. runyonii along the midveins of the calyx lobes (Fig. 2c). Epicuticular wax on the perianth, when present, is repre- sented by longitudinally reticulated rodlets (Fig. Lf). Pollen.—Pollen is relatively uniform among species. Grains are 3(-4)- zonocolpate (rarely +-6 loxocolporate in aberrant grains),and they may be poly- morphic in the same anther or flower, from spheroidal to prolate (Fig. 3). Orna- mentation varies from tectum imperforatum or witha few puncta in C. glabrior, C.runyonii,and C. plattensis, to tectum perforatum in C. pentagona, C. campestris, C. harperi, and C. obtusiflora var. glandulosa (Fig. 3). The latter three species have sexine often persistent in punctum apertures (Fig. 3). Cuscuta pentagona and C. obtusiflora var. glandulosa have the largest puncta, up to 0.7 fm in diam- —_— = eter, sometimes approaching a microreticulate ornamentation (Fig. 3). Seeds.—A striking feature of the seed coat epidermis is that when seeds dry, cells of the outer cell wall invaginate, which causes the seed surface to be- come alveolate (Fig. 4; see also Lyshede 1984; Knepper et al. 1990; Costea & Tardif 2006). Water uptake induces bulging of the invaginated epidermal walls, and epidermis cells become swollen and papillose (Fig. 4c). The diameter of seed coat epidermal cells is 17-50 pm in C. pentagona, C. campestris, C. glabrior, C. runyonii, and C. harperi and 15-20 um in C. plattensis, C. obtusiflora var. glandulosa, and C. polygonorum. The seeds of C. runyonii and C. polygonorum have epicuticular wax organized as longitudinal rodlets (Fig. 4d), a feature not COSTEA ET AL., TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX Fic. 1.a. Calyx of C. campestris (scale bar = 1 mm);b. Calyx of C. p (scale t 0.5 ey | 1 capsule of C. ); d. Flower of C. (scale | 0.75 mm); e. Flower of C. bar = 0.5 mm); f. P pill th lla lob fC harperi (scale bar = 0.43 um). with ithma arperi (scale 156 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1 = Fic. 2. a. Flower with maturing capsule of C. gigenes (scale ae 1 mm); b. panies on the capsule of C. glabrior (scale bar = 0.75 Lim); c. Flower of C. runyonii projections; d. Flower of C. plattenis (scale bars = 1mm). observed in the other species. The hilum is round to broadly elliptic; the cells are smaller than in the rest of the seed coat and they are radially oriented around the vascular scar of the funiculum (Fig. 4 b,d). The vascular scar is linear, ob- lique to vertical (on broadest diameter of the seeds), 0.025-0.09 mm in C. pentagona, C.campestris, C.glabrior, C. pe C. harperi,and C.sandwichiana and 0.125-0.25 mm in C. plattensis, C. obtusiflora var. glandulosa, and C. polygonorum (Fig. 4 ae,f). TAXONOMY This g er oup of species is characterized by globose or mostly depressed-glo capsules with relatively large interstylar apertures, which sometimes are thick- COSTEA ET AL., TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX 157 eee rectum Sanu but sexine he S Saat of pollen a-b. bua bast grains oe nee «Cp is (scale bar = 8.6 um); d. C. BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Fig. 4, Malahat f Is. a. C. campestris, ventral view (scale ba ranvoti teal bar = 120 j1m); e, See (scale bar = 0.5 mm). = 0.5 mm); b. Hilum and alveolate seed coat of C. = 150 um); ¢. Ppl on yaa jaa co tof gna Gale a = a yale d. Hilum of ¢. dof © harp C. plattensis, ventral COSTEA ET AL., TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX 159 ened but not raised to form a stylopodium. The corolla is persistent at the base of the capsules or surrounding them. Cuscuta sand wichiana, a Hawaiian endemic, was placed by Yuncker (1932) in subsect. Californicae because it exhibits a reduction of the infrastaminal scales similar to the other species (C. sandwichiana was omitted in his 1965 treat- ment). This species, however, does not appear to be evolutionarily allied to C. californica complex. Beliz 1986) hypothesized that C. sandwichiana has evolved from C. cephalanthi Engelm., which is a member of the C. gronovii Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. complex. However, the stems of C. sandwichiana grow and branch as in species of the C. pentagona complex: the main and secondary stems grow continuously and never twine around the host. Instead, tendril-like branches produced from axillary buds of the rudimentary leaf-scales fix the parasite to the host. In C.gronovii and its relatives (e.g.,C. cephalanthi, C. umbrosa Beyr. ex Hook., and C. rostrata Shuttlw. ex Engelm. & A. Gray), haustoria are formed as the main stem twines around the host, and no tendril-like axillary branches are generated (as first observed by Dawson 1984 in C. gronovii). The calyx and corolla of C. sandwichiana are relatively similar in morphology to those of C. campestris, although flowers are larger in C. sandwichiana. Seeds of C.sandwichiana are commonly angled, like those of C. campestris, and not dor- soventrally compressed as in C. cephalanthi. Contrary tosome relatively recent treatments (e.g. Austin 1986; Musselman 1986), C. campestris has not been accepted as a distinct taxon in modern North American overviews of the genus (Beliz 1986; Gandhi et al. 1987; Kartesz et al. 1999; USDA NRCS 2004). This judgment has been based on the allegedly vari- able morphology of the calyx, which was the main character used by Yuncker to differentiate this taxon from C. pentagona s. str. Beliz (1986) wrote: “The angled calyx (of C. pentagonas. str.) is not a constant feature, it is present in some flow- ers and absent on others in an individual, ... this feature may be an artifact cre- ated when flowers dry out.” In contrast, we have found the angled calyx of C. pentagona to bea remarkably constant feature (Fig. 1b). Because the calyx lobes of C. campestris are overlapping, the calyx sometimes may appear angled in pressed flowers, but if the flowers are hydrated, the calyx usually appears “rounded” (Fig. la). The prominent angles of the calyx in C. pentagona are the result of a different morphology of the calyx lobes (Fig.1b). Furthermore, small but consistent differences in the size of floral parts, pollen, capsules, and seeds (see key below) usually separate the two taxa. Size overlap between the two taxa does occur, as well as intermediate-like plants, although the latter are uncom- mon. Austin (1979) discussed methods of pressing to avoid obscuring calyx traits in all species, but particularly in C. pentagona and C. campestris. Four years before Yuncker formally recognized Cuscuta campestris as a separate species from C. pentagona, he was aware that his taxonomic solution might be received with reluctance. Ina letter addressed to WC. Ferguson, accom- 160 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) panying a collection of C.campestrissent to him for identification (Ferguson 7795, NY), Yuncker (1929) wrote: “I suspect I will be accused of various bad tendencies in the way of species making, but I think I have clarified the ‘arvensis’ situation somewhat.” The assessment presented here also finds that C. campestris is con- sistently distinct from C. pentagona, although differences may seem subtle, and we believe their recognition as species best reflects the biological situation. Similarly, Cuscuta campestris may be sometimes difficult to distinguish from C. glabrior, but the two taxa can be usually differentiated using a combi- nation of features indicated in the key and descriptions. Cuscuta runyonii is most similar to C. glabrior, and C. harperi to C. pentagona (see descriptions; Yuncker 1932; 1942). Cuscuta plattensis does not appear to be evolutionarily al- lied to C. indecora, in contrast to the suggestion by Beliz (1986). Yuncker (1932, p. 140) considered C. plattensis to be “very closely related” to C. campestris. The morphology of seeds of C. indecora is different from the species of C. pentagona complex and more similar to that of C. gronovii and its relatives. Two North American taxa previously treated within Cuscuta subsect. Platycarpae (Yuncker 1932), C. obtusiflora var. glandulosa Engelm. and C. polygonorum Engelm. are included here in subsect. Arvenses on the basis of their overall morphological similarity with the other species of this subsection. This close relationship was also emphasized by Beliz (1986), who referred to C. polygonorum as “C. pentagona var. polygonorum,” within which C. harperi was included asa synonym. In contrast, we found that although C. polygonorumand C. obtusiflora var. glandulosa apparently are related to the species of subsect. Arvenses, each is clearly delimited morphologically. Cuscuta australis R. Br from Australia and Asia, whichis known only from one collection in North America Jefferson Co., New York, 1926, Muenscher s.n., NY), probably belongs to this group of species as well. This latter species has not been included in this taxo- nomic treatment limited in scope to North America. In the Cuscuta pentagona c th ively narrow endemics (C. runyonii, C. harperi, and C. sandwichiana), two with wider but apparently discrete ranges (C. plattensis and C. glabrior), and four species (C. pentagona, C. campestris, C. polygonorum, and C. obtusiflora var. glandulosa) widely distrib- uted and broadly sympatric, at least in some regions. The exact North Ameri- can distributions of C. campestris and C. pentagona, particularly, require addi- tional floristic study. For additional synonymy see Yuncker (1932, 1965). — 1 KEY TO SPECIES OF THE CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX IN NORTH AMERICA 1. Infrastaminal scales well-developed, densely fringed or fimbriate. 2. Corolla lobes obtuse, straight 8.C. obtusiflora var. glandulosa 2, Corolla lobes acute, inflexed at apices. 3. Calyx angled, loose around the corolla tube, 0.3-1.1 mm long; lobes broadly- ovate rhombic, + auriculate, overlapping and forming prominent angles at COSTEA ET AL., TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX 161 sinuses; flowers 0.9-2.5 mm one: corolla tube 0.5-1.2 mm; anthers 0.2-0.35 mm long; capsules 1.9-2.4 Xx 1 4. Flowers commonly 5-merous, 1.4—2.1(—2.5) mm long; calyx lobes not cari- nate and without rows of prominent laticifers along midveins (Fig. 1 b, d); seeds usually 4 per capsule, angled, subrotund to broadly elliptic, longitu- dinal groove absent 1.C. pentagona 4. Flowers commonly 4-merous, 0.9-1.1(-1.5) mm long; calyx lobes carinate or with rows of prominent laticifers along midveins (Fig. le); seeds usually 1 per capsule, almost spherical, with a longitudinal groove on the ventral face (Fig. 4e) 2.C. harperi . Calyx rounded, closely enclosing the corolla tube, 1-2.1 mm long;lobes ovate- triangular to triangular, not auriculate, overlapping or not and not forming prominent angles at sinuses; flowers 2.1-4.6(-5) mm long, corolla tube 1.1- 2.5 mm; anthers 0.4-0.7 mm long; capsules 1.3-2.8 X 1.9-3.8 mm 5. Calyx lobes about as wide as long, evidently overlapping (Fig.1a); persis- tent corolla enveloping 1/3 or less of the capsule (the basal portion) (Fig. 1 Ww C). 3.C. campestris 5. Calyx lobes longer than wide, not rei or only slightly so; persis- tent corolla enveloping 1/2 or more of the capsule. 6, Flowers (whole flowers or sometimes ee mae lyx) and re papillate; reddish-brown when dried, corolla erpandiic. alehere cate between the lines of stamen attachments; infrastaminal scales ing corolla tube; seeds an 7. Calyx without Sane Bee (Fig. 2a) 4.C. glabrior 7. Base of calyx corresponding to each lobe with a reflexed spur-like multicellular projection 0.1-0.6 mm long, and often with smaller mul- ticellular projections on the midveins of calyx lobes (Fig. 2c) 5.C. runyonii 6. Flowers (calyx, corolla, ovary) and capsules not papillate, creamy white when dried; corolla tube narrowly campanulate to cylindric-campanu- late, not saccate between the lines of stamen attachments (Fig. 2d); infrastaminal scales shorter than corolla tube; seeds dorsoventrally compressed (Fig. 4f) 6.C. plattensis 1. Infrastaminal scales absent or reduced, bifid, or with a few distal teeth or fimbriae. 8. Flowers (4-)5-merous, 3-4(—5) mm;infrastaminal scales absent or reduced, trun- cate or triangular, bifid or distally with a few teeth or fimbriae; endemic to Hawaii 7.C, sandwichiana 8, Flowers (3-)4-merous, 2—2.7 mm; infrastaminal scales oblong, mostly shallowly bifid with 1-3 fimbriae on each side of the filament attachment or a few irregu- lar fimbriae at the apex; widespread distribution in N America 9.C. polygonorum |. Cuscuta pentagona Engelm., Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43:340. 1842. Cuscuta arvensis Beyr. ?ngelm. var. pentagona (Engelm.) Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 1:494. 1859. LECTO- TYPE (Yuncker 1932): U.S.A. VIRGINIA: Norfolk, “On Euphorbia or Tragia,” 1849, Rugel s.n. (MO). Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. microcalyx Engelm., Amer J. Sci. 45:76.1843. LECTOTYPE (Yuncker 1921): U.S.A. ILLINOIS. [Cass Co.| Beardstown, 1842, Geyer s.n. (MO). Engelmann cited only “Illinois.” Cuscuta arvensis Beyr. ex Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. Bot. (ed. 2) 336. 1856. Epithymum arvense (Beyr. ex Engelm.) Niewl. & Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4:51. 1916. Type: Engelmann cited only “(in herb. Berlin),” perhaps referring to a Beyrich collection. As noted by Yuncker (1921, p.51),a MO collection by Beyrich in 1845 from North Carolina may be “the type?” (an isotype). Evidently 162 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) Engelmann intended C. arvensisasa broad concept variants might be iden- tified as C. pentagona, C. pentagona var. microcalyx, C. pentagona var. calycina, or C. verrucosa. Stems |.4-2.1(-2.5) mm in diameter, yellow to orange. Inflorescences dense, corymbiform to glomerulate of 3-15(-20) flowers; pedicels 0.5-3(-4.5) mm; bracts | at the base of clusters and 0-1 at the base of pedicels, 0.4-2.2 x 0.2-13 mm, membranous, ovate, ovate-triangular to lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute. Flowers (4-)5-merous, 1.4-2.1(-2.5) mm (Fig. 1d), membranous, whitish when fresh, yellowish to brown when dried; papillae sometimes present on the corolla lobes; laticifers evident in the calyx and less obvious in the corolla and ovary/capsule, isolated or arranged in rows, ovoid or elongated; calyx yellow to brown, * reticulate, shiny or not, angled, cupulate, ca. as long as the corolla tube, divided 1/2-2/3 the length, lobes overlapping and forming prominent angles at sinuses, broadly-ovate to rhombic, auriculate, not carinate, margins entire, apex rounded (Fig. 1b); corolla persistent; tube campanulate, 0.7-1.2 mm, not saccate between the lines of stamen attachments; lobes spreading, 0.65-1.1 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, in- flexed; stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes, anthers subrotund to broadly elliptic, 0.25-0.30 x 0.20-0.28 mm, filaments 0.3-0.4 mm; pollen grains 18-25.2 um long; tectum perforatum; maximum diameter of puncta 0.6 pm; supieicelal Sea eae to conical + uniformly distributed (Fig. 3e); rolla tube, oblong-ovate, rounded, + uniformly, dense fimbriate; styles everily filif orm, O./-1.1 mm, ca.as long as the ovary; stig- mas capitate, globose. Capsules indehiscent to irregularly dehiscent, globose- depressed to ovoid, 1.9-2.4 x 1.6-2.5 mm, not thickened or raised around the medium to large interstylar aperture, translucent or not, persistent corolla at the capsule base. Seeds 4 per capsule, angled, subrotund to broadly elliptic, 0.9- Ll x 0.8-1 mm, seed coat cells reticulate to alveolate/papillate, 18-35 tm in diameter, epicuticular wax absent; hilum region round 0.4-0.5 mm in diam- eter, vascular scar 0.07-0.09 mm long, vertical to slightly oblique. 2n = 56 (Fogelberg 1938), ca. 44 (Pazy & Plitmann 1995). Distribution and ecology.—CANADA: Manitoba (based on only 2 collections from DAO and MTMG respectively). U.S.A.: Alabama, Arkansas, D.C., Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New York, North Caro- lina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington. We have seen no evidence that C. pentagona has spread outside of North America, where it is less common than C.ca mpestris. Isolated European records identified as this taxon (e.g, Buia 1938) are instead C. campestris. Flowering Jun-Nov. Hosts: numerous hosts (Gaertner 1950) growing in a wide variety of climates and soil types. Conservation status.—G4G5 (apparently secure to secure) (G5, NatureServe 2005). COSTEA ET AL., TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX 163 2. Cuscuta harperi Small, Fl. S.E. US. ed. 2, 1361, 1375. 1913. Type: US.A. Georcia: Altamaha Grit, between Peacocks and Harrison, on Chond rophora virgata, 20 Jul 1906, Harper s.n. (HOLOTYPE: NY, see Yuncker 1943; ISOTYPE: NY). Stems 0.15-0.3 mm in diameter, orange-yellow. Inflorescences loose, corymbiform of 2-10(-15) subsessile or short pedicellate flowers; pedicels 0.5- 2.5(-3) mm; bracts | at the base of clusters and absent (rarely present) at the base of pedicels, like those of C. pentagona. Flowers 4(-5)-merous, 0.9-1.1(-L5) mm (Fig. le), fleshy, creamy-white when fresh, yellow to brownish when dried; papillae present on the corolla lobes (Fig. Lf); laticifers evident along midveins of calyx and less obvious in the corolla and ovary/capsule, isolated or in rows, elongated; calyx yellow-brownish, + reticulate, rarely shiny, about as long as the corolla tube, angled, cupulate, lobes basally overlapping and forming promi- nent angles at sinuses, broadly-ovate rhombic, + auriculate, + carinate or with laticifers along midveins, margins entire, apex rounded; corolla persistent; tube campanulate, not saccate, 0.5-0.7 mm; lobes erect to reflexed, 0.4-0.7 mm, tri- angular-ovate, margins entire, apex subacute to acute, inflexed; stamens ex- serted, slightly shorter than corolla lobes, anthers subrotund to broadly ellip- tic, 0.2-0.25 x 0.15-0.18 mm, filaments 0.16-0.25 mm; pollen grains 17.5-25 um long; tectum perforatum but sexine often persistent in puncta aperture; diam- eter of puncta 0.4 um; supratectal process granular granular to conical + uni- formly distributed (Fig. 3 a,b); infrastaminal scales as long as the corolla tube, narrowly oblong, rounded, shortly and irregularly-dense fringed in the distal half; styles uniformly narrow terete to filiform, 0.5-0.9 mm, shorter than the ovary; stigmas capitate, globose. Capsules indehiscent to irregularly dehiscent, globose to ovoid, 1.2-2.3 x 1.2-1.6 mm; not thickened around the small to mod- erately large interstylar aperture, almost translucent, with persistent corolla enveloping the 1/4-1/3 of the capsule bases. Seeds usually 1-2 per capsule, subglobose, with a longitudinal groove on the ventral face, 0.92-1.11 x 0.85-L1 mm, seed coat cells alveolate/papillate, 35-50 um in diameter; epicuticular wax absent; hilum region terminal, round, 0.14-0.16 mm in diameter, vascular scar 0.025-0.03 mm long, vertical to slightly oblique. 2n = ? Distribution and ecology.—U.S.A.: Alabama and Georgia. Flowering Sep- Nov. Hosts: Bigelowia nuttallii, Croton willdenowii, Helianthus longifolius, Hy- pericum gentianoides, Liatris microcephala, and other species of sandstone outcrops (see also Yuncker 1943). onservation status.—G1G2 (critically imperiled to imperiled) (G2, NatureServe 2005). 3. Cuscuta campestris Yuncker [nom. nov], Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 18:138. 1932. Based on Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. calycina Engelm., Amer. J. Sci. 45:76. 1843 [1845]. Cuscuta arvensis Beyr. ex Engelm. var. calycina (Engelm.) Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 1:495. 1859. Lectotype (Yuncker 1921): U.S.A. TEXAS: wet prairies, [no date], Lindheimer 126 (MO). Stems 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter, yellow to orange. Inflorescences dense, 164 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) corymbiform or glomerulate of (3-)6-25(-30) subsessile to short pedicellate flowers; pedicels 0.3-2.5(-3.5) mm; bracts | at the base of clusters and O-1 at the base of pedicels, like those of C. pentagona. Flowers (4-)5-merous, (1.9-)2.1-3.6 mm (Fig. Ic), membranous, white-creamy when fresh, creamy or golden-yel- low when dried; papillae absent; laticifers evident in the calyx and less obvious in the corolla and ovary/capsule, isolated or arranged in rows, rotund, ovoid or elongated; calyx yellow, reticulate, shiny, rarely obscurely angled, cupulate, about as long as corolla tube, divided 2/5-3/5 the length; lobes overlapping but not forming or rarely forming obscure angles at sinuses; ovate triangular, not cari- nate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded (Fig. la); corolla persistent; tube campanulate, not saccate, (1.1-)1.5-1.9 mm; lobes spreading, triangular-lan- ceolate, (1.1-)1.4-175 mm long, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed; stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes, anthers broadly elliptic, (0.3-)0.4- 0.5 x 0.25-0.3 mm, filaments 0.4-0.7 mm long; pollen grains 18.5-28 um long; tectum perforatum but sexine often persistent in puncta aperture; maximum diameter of puncta 0.4 um; supratectal process granular, often in groups of 2-4 (Fig. 3f); infrastaminal scales equaling or slightly exceeding corolla tube, ob- long-ovate to spathulate, rounded, uniformly dense fimbriate; styles evenly fili- form, 0.8-16 mm, ca. as long as the ovary; stigmas capitate, globose. Capsules indehiscent to irregularly dehiscent, globose-depressed to depressed, 1.3-2.8 x 1.9-3.8 mm; not thickened or raised around the large interstylar aperture, some- times translucent, persistent corolla enveloping 1/3 or less of the capsule base. Seeds 4 per capsule, angled, subrotund to broadly elliptic, 112-154 x 0.9-L1 mm, seed coat cells alveolate/papillate, 32-40 um in diameter; epicuticular wax absent; hilum region subterminal, round, 0.45-0.5 mm in diameter, vascular scar, 0.085-0.01 mm long, vertical or slightly oblique (Fig. 4 a,b). 2n = 56 (Fogelberg 1938; Ward 1984). Distribution and ecology.—CANADA: Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Québec. Darbyshire (2003) also mentioned it from NewFoundland, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Although we found no herbarium collections, its presence in these prov- inces is possible. U.S.A.: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Geor- gia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, lowa?, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana?, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vir- ginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. Cuscutd campestris is the second most common species in North America, after C. gronovii (Yuncker 1932), and perhaps the most successful and widespread Cuscuta weed world- wide, recorded from South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia (Holm et al. 1997). Flowering Jun-Nov. Hosts: numerous species from hundreds of gen- era in various families, including Hydrophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, COSTEA ET AL., TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX 165 Verbenaceae, Convolvulaceae, Acanthaceae, Brassi Euvhorbi Care aceae, Urticaceae, Polygonaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and others (Gaertner 1950), growing in a wide variety of climates and soil types; reported not to sur- vive on Amaranthus retroflexus, Arctium lappa, Atriplex spp., Brassica nigra, Equisetum arvense, Glycine max, selected cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum Portulaca oleracea, Tanacetum vulgare, Vicia villosa, Cyperaceae and Poaceae (Gaertner 1950; Parker & Riches 1993; Dawsonet al. 1994; Costea & Tardif 2006). Conservation status.—G5 (common) (the same assessment in NatureServe 2005). — 4. Cuscuta glabrior (Engelm.) Yuncker, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 18:140. 1932. Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. ae brior (Engelm.) Gandhi, Thomas, & Hatch, Sida 12:372. 1987. Cuscuta verrucosa Engelm. var. glabrior Engelm., Amer. J. Sci. 43:341. 1842. LECTOTYPE (Yucker 1932): U.S.A. TEXAS. [Harris Co.?|: dry sterile prairies west of Houston, Lindheimer s.n. ( The protologue noted that var. glabrior [was growing] “with the preceding variety [ie., C verrucosa var. hispidulal, F Lindheimer: on Petalostemon, Drummond (Grd collection, No. 247).” Choice of the Drummond collection (III, 247) as lectotype of Cuscuta verrucosa Engelm. var. glabrior has been associated with Yuncker (1921), but there Yuncker instead chose the DEdnond type for Cpe ntagona Var. VErrucosd, citing C. verrucosa var. glabr iorasa synonym. Cuscuta verrucosa Engelm., Amer. J. Sci. 43:341. 1842 oo. invalid, non Sweet 1823). Cuscuta rvensis var. verrucosa Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. s 1:495. 1859. Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. verrucosa (Engelm.) Yuncker, Illinois it Monogr. 6:142. 1921. LECTOTYPE (Yuncker 1921): U.S.A. TEXAS: no other locality, Drummond III 247 (MO; ISOLECTOTYPE: TEX). Engelmann described C. verrucosa and two varieties of it: var. hispidula (treated by us as C. indecora var. indecora) and var. glabrior. He cited calectoe associated with both varieties but none for C. verrucosa in its typical form. In 1859, in valid use of the epithet as C. arvensis var. verrucosa, he cited “Texas, Drummond! III. 247; Lindheimer! 127” and others as syntypes. Yuncker (1921, p. 52), under the combination C. pentagona var. verrucosa, indicated that “Drummond III 247” at MO was the type (lectotype). Cuscuta arvensis Beyr. ex Engelm. var. pubescens Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 1:495. 1859. Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. pubescens (Engelm.) Yuncker, Illinois Biol. Monogr. 6:142.1921. Cuscuta glabrior var. pubescens (Engelm.) Yuncker, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 18:141. 1932. LEc- TOTYPE (Yuncker 1921): “Texas (... L ica in ee )’? (MO). Engelmann’s protologue cited “Western Texas, Lindheimer! Wright! 135 (57 Stems 0.35-0.5 mm in diameter, creamy. Inflorescences loose to compact, glomerulate or corymbiform of 3-25(-30) subsessile to pedicellate flowers; pedicels 0.8-4(-5) mm; bracts like in C. campestris. Flowers 5-merous, |.4-2.1(- 2.5) mm (Fig. 2a), membranous, white or commonly reddish when fresh, yel- low to reddish-brown when dried; papillae present on the perianth, ovaries/ capsules and sometimes on the pedicels (Fig. 2b); laticifers obvious in the calyx and less evident in the corolla and ovary /capsule, isolated or arranged in rows, rotund, ovoid or elongated; calyx yellow to reddish-brown, shiny, + reticulate, cupulate, about as long as corolla tube; divided 1/2-2/3, lobes not overlapping, ovate triangular, not carinate, margins entire, apex obtuse to subacute; corolla persistent; tube campanulate-globose, saccate between the lines of stamen at- tachments, (1.1-)1.5-2.1 mm long; lobes spreading to reflexed, lobes 1.2-1.75mm 166 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) long, triangular to sublanceolate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, in- flexed; stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes, anthers broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 0.44-0.67 X 0.22-0.3 mm, filaments 0.4-0.7 mm; pollen grains 18-22.6 um long; tectum imperforatum or witha few puncta; maximum diam- eter of puncta 0.2 1m; supratectal process granular to conical + uniformly dis- tributed; infrastaminal scales reaching the filament bases, ovate to spatulate, rounded, uniformly dense fimibriate; styles evenly filiform, 0.9-1.6 mm, as long as or longer than the ovary; stigmas capitate, globose. Capsules indehiscent to irregularly dehiscent, globose-depressed to depressed, 1.5-2.8 x 2.1-3.5mm, not thickened or raised around the medium to large interstylar aperture, not trans- lucent, persistent corolla enveloping 1/2-2/3 of the capsule. Seeds 4 per cap- sule, angled, subrotund to broadly elliptic, 0.95-L15 x 0.85-1 mm, seed coat cells alveolate/papillate, 35-50 um in diameter (Fig. 4c), epicuticular wax absent; hilum region subterminal, round, 0.13-0.2 mm in diameter, vascular scar 0.03- 0.05 mm long, oblique. 2n = ? Distribution and ecology.—U.S.A.: Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah; Mexico. Flowering Jun-Sep. Hosts: wide variety of herbaceous spe- cies, including Amaranthus, Ambrosia, Amphiachyris, Asclepias, Convolvulus, Coreopsis, Croton, Dalea, Dyschoriste, Evolvulus, Gaura, Gilia, Hedeoma, Helenium, Lespedeza, Liatris, Machaeranthera, Medicago, Mimosa, Plantago, Prosopis, Tragia, Oenothera, Justicia, Polygonum, Ruellia, Solanum, Symphyotrichum, Thelesperma, Verbena. Conservation status.-G4G5 (the same assessment in NatureServe 2005). According to Yuncker (1965, p. 6), Cuscuta pentagona var. pubescens (Engelm.) Yuncker “represents the extreme degree of papillation which covers the flower and extends down onto the pedicels. In var. glabrior the ovary and capsules are almost always more or less papillate while the corolla shows con- siderable variation in this character.” We find continuous variation, and two varieties cannot be separated. Occasional plants that are hardly papillate can be distinguished from C. campestris by their calyx lobes, which are broadly triangular-lanceolate and not overlapping at the base and by the corolla envel- oping the mature capsule (Fig. 2a). ~— 5. Cuscuta runyonii Yuncker, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 69:541. 1942. Type: U.S.A. TEXAS. Hidalgo Co.: La Joya, occasional, on dry hill tops, clay, 45 m, flowers cream white, hosts: Coldenia canescens and Nama hispida, 8 Jun 1941, Runyon 2732 (HOLOTYPE: US; ISOTYPES: F, GH, MO, NY, TEX). Stems 0.35-0.5 mm in diameter, yellow-orange. Inflorescences loose, + umbel- late of 2-15(-25) subsessile to pedicellate flowers; pedicels 0.8-4(-5) mm; bracts as in C. campestris. Flowers 5-merous, 2.5-3.5(-4) mm (Fig. 2c), white to creamy when fresh, reddish-brown when dried, membranous, papillae present on the perianth, ovary/capsules and sometimes on the pedicels; laticifers evident in —_— COSTEA ET AL., TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX 167 the perianth and less obvious in the ovary/capsule, isolated or arranged in rows, rotund, ovoid or tangentially elongated; calyx reddish-brown, + reticulate, shiny, cupulate, shorter than corolla tube or about equaling it, divided 1/2-2/3 the length, lobes not basally overlapping, triangular, sometimes carinate, base of calyx corresponding to each lobe with a reflexed spur-like projection, 0.1-0.6 mim long (Fig. 2c), and often with smaller protuberances on the midveins of calyx lobes, margins entire, apex obtuse to subacute; corolla persistent; tube campanulate-globose, saccate between the lines of stamen attachments, (1.2- )1.6-2.3 mm, lobes reflexed, 1.2-2 mm, triangular-ovate to lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, inflexed; stamens exerted, shorter than corolla lobes anthers broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 0.4-0.6 x 0.25-0.3 mm, fila- ments 0.4-0.6 mm long; pollen grains 18-23.8 ,1m long; tectum imperforatum or with a few puncta; maximum diameter of puncta = 0.3 um; supratectal pro- cess granular to conical + uniformly distributed; infrastaminal scales reach- ing the filament bases, oblong to spatulate, rounded, uniformly dense fimbri- ate; styles evenly filiform, 0.9-1.8 mm, equaling to longer than the ovary; stigmas capitate, globose. Capsules indehiscent to irregularly dehiscent, globose-de- pressed, 1.6-3 X 2-3.4 mm; not thickened or raised around the large interstylar aperture large, not translucent, persistent corolla enveloping 1/2-1/lof the cap- sule. Seeds 4 per capsule, angled, ovate to broadly elliptic, 0.95-1.40 x 0.85-L1 mm, seed coat cells alveolate/papillate, 30-50 um in diameter; epicuticular wax present with longitudinal; rodlets hilum region subterminal round to subrotund, 0.30-0.40 mm, vascular scar, 0.08-0.09 mm long, oblique (Fig. +d). 2n =? Distribution and ecology.—U.S.A.: Texas. Flowering Mar-Apr(-May, -July, - Oct). Hosts: species of Dalea, Dyschoriste, Erigeron, Gutierrezia, Hymenoxys, Justicia, Linum, Melampodium, Oenothera, Nama, Spermolepis, Tetraneuris, Tiquilia, Thamnosma, Thelesperma. Conservation status.—G3 (vulnerable) (G4, NatureServe 2005). 6. Cuscuta plattensis A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26:131. 1899. Type: U.S.A. WYOMING. [Carbon Co.?| Platte Canyon, 27 Aug 1896, A. Nelson 2768 (HOLOTYPE: RM; IsOTYPEs: NY, US). Stems 0.15-0.3 mm in diameter, yellow to pale orange. Inflorescences loose, paniculiform of 2-10(-15) subsessile to pedicellate flowers; pedicels 0.5-2.5(-3) mm.; bracts asin C. campestris. Flowers 5-merous, 3-4.6(-5) mm (Fig. 2d), mem- branous, white-creamy when fresh, whitish-yellow when dried; papillae ab- sent; laticifers present in the calyx and less obvious in the corolla and capsule, isolated, ovoid to elongated; calyx yellow, reticulate, not shiny, cylindric-cupu- late, ca. equaling the corolla tube, divided 1/2-2/3, lobes slightly basally over- lapping, ovate triangular, not carinate, margins entire, obtuse to subacute; co- rolla persistent; tube narrowly campanulate to cylindric campanulate, not saccate, 1.9-2.5 mm, lobes spreading to reflexed, 1.4-2.2 mm long, triangular, 168 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) margins entire, apex narrowly acute, inflexed; stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes anthers subrotund, broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong 0.4-0.7 x 0.3-0.4 mm, filaments 0.3-0.4 mm; pollen grains 18-26.3 um long: tectum imperforatum or with a few puncta; diameter of puncta 0.2 pm; supratectal process granular + uniformly distributed (Fig. 3c); infrastaminal scales 3/4- 4/5 of the corolla tube, oblong-spathulate, rounded uniformly dense fringed to fimbriate; styles uniformly filiform, 1.3-L6 mm, about as long as the ovary; stig- mas capitate, globose. Capsules indehiscent to irregularly dehiscent, globose to globose-depressed, 1.8-3.2 x 2.2-3.6 mm, not thickened or raised around the large intersylar aperture; not translucent, withered corolla persistent envelop- ing 1/2 or more of the capsule base. Seeds 1-4 per capsule, dorsoventrally com- pressed, broadly elliptic to obovate, 1.07-1.42 x 0.9-1.21 mm, seed coat cells al- veolate/papillate, 15-20 1m in diameter; epicuticular wax absent; hilum region subterminal, subrotund, 0.30-0.35 X 0.28-0.30 mm. vascular scar 0.20-0.25 mm long, vertical to slightly oblique (Fig. 4f). 2n = ? Distribution and ecology.—U.S.A.: Nebraska, Washington, and Wyoming. Flowering Aug. Hosts: species of Grindelia, Helianthus, Humulus Psoralea, Ru- bus, Solidago. Conservation status.—Gl (critically imperiled) (the same assessment in NatureServe 2005). 7. Cuscuta sandwichiana Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 9:280. 1841. Tyre: U.S.A. HAWAII Sandwich Islands, 1830, Gaudichaud-Beaupré I (HOLOTYPE: G-DC, frag- ment NY; ISOTYPE: P, fragment NY). Stems, 0.2-0.5 mm, yellow-orange. Inflorescence loose, paniculiform of 3-7(-1D pedicellate flowers; pedicels 2-5 mm; bracts | at the base of clusters, usually lacking at the base of pedicels, membranous, narrow-triangular, I-1.6 x 0.7-1 mm, margins entire, apex acute. Flowers (4-)5-merous, 3-4(-5) mm long (Fig. 5a), fleshy, white when fresh, yellow-brownish when dried; papillae absent; la- ticifers conspicuous in the corolla lobes, sometimes in the calyx and ovary/ capsule as well, isolated or in rows, ovoid to elongated; calyx yellow-brown, not reticulate or shiny, cupulate, almost as long as corolla tube, divided 1/2-1/3 the length, lobes not basally overlapping, triangular-ovate, in some flowers cari- nate, margins entire, apex obtuse to subacute; corolla persistent; tube campanu- late to globular, not saccate, 2-3 mm long, lobes erect to slightly spreading, 0.8- L5 mm long, ovate-triangular, margins entire, apex obtuse to subacute with inflexed tips; stamens mostly included, shorter than corolla lobes, anthers broadly-elliptic 0.5-0.7 x 0.4-0.5 mm, filaments 0.2-0.7 mm; pollen grains 22- 27.5 um long; tectum imperforatum or with a few puncta; maximum diameter of puncta 0.3 um; supratectal process granular to conical, + uniformly distrib- uted; infrastaminal scales absent or reduced, bifid, truncated or triangular, dis- tally with a few teeth; styles uniformly stoutish, 0.5-1L1 mm, ca. as long as the COSTEA ET AL., TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX 169 ovary; stigmas capitate, globose. Capsules indehiscent to irregularly dehiscent, globose to globose-depressed, 2.5-3.5 mm X 33-4 mm, + thickened but not raised around the large interstylar aperture, not translucent, withered corolla surrounding the capsule. Seeds usually 2 per capsule, angled, elliptic to broadly- elliptic, 11-2 x 1-17 mm, seed coat cells alveolate/papillate, 35-50 um in diam- eter, epicuticular wax absent; hilum region subterminal, round, 0.30-0.45 mm in diameter, vascular scar 0.19-0.25 mm long, vertical or slightly oblique (Fig. 5b). 2n =? Distribution and ecology.—U.S.A.: Hawaii. Flowering summer-fall JQun- Oct). Hosts: plants in seashores and arid habitats. Conservation status.—G2 (imperiled) (the same assessment in NatureServe 2005). 8. Cuscuta obtusiflora Kunth var. glandulosa Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis Q?. 1859. Cuscuta gla ndulosad (Engelm.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 969, 1337. 1903. LECTOTYPE (Yuncker 1921): U.S.A. GEORGIA. [Muscogee Co.]|: Columbus, 1838, Boykin s.n. (MO). The protologue cited numerous collections in addition to the Boykin one. Stems 0.25-0.4 mm in diameter, orange. Inflorescences dense, glomerulate of 5-18 sessile or subsessile flowers; pedicels absent to | mm; bracts 1 at the base of clusters and 0-1 at the base of pedicels/flowers, membranous, ovate, 0.5-1.3 x 0.2-1.1 mm, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse. Flowers 5-merous, 1.8-2.5 mm, membranous, creamy white when fresh, yellow-brown when dried; papillae absent; laticifers numerous, evident in the perianth and ovary/capsule, isolated, round to ovoid; ealyx yellow-brownish not reticulate or shiny, shallowly cupu- late, about equaling the corolla tube, divided ca. 1/2 the length, lobes barely basally overlapping, ovate, not carinate, margins entire, apex obtuse; corolla persistent; tube campanulate, not saccate, 1-15 mm, lobes erect to spreading, 0.8-1.5 mm long, ovate to ovate-oblong, margins entire, apex obtuse, straight; stamens exserted, shorter than corolla lobes, anthers ovate to broadly elliptic, 0.3-0.4 x 0.2-0.3 mm, filaments 0.4-0.6 mm; pollen grains (18-)20-24(-27) um, tectum perforatum; maximum diameter of puncta 0.6 um; supratectal process granular to conical + uniformly distributed (Fig. 5c); infrastaminal scales reach- ing the filament bases, oblong, rounded, with a few basal fimbriae, densely fringed in the distal 3/4; styles uniformly stoutish, 0.4-1.1 mm, shorter than or equaling the ovary, stigmas capitate, globose. Capsules indehiscent to irregu- larly dehiscent, depressed-globose, 1.5-3 x 2.5-4 mm, not thickened or raised around the large interstylar aperture, not translucent, withered corolla persis- tent at the base. Seeds usually 4 per capsule, dorsoventrally compressed, broadly- ovate to broadly elliptic, 14-156 x 1.23-1.35 mm, seed coat cells alveolate/papil- late, 20-30 pm in diameter, epicuticular wax usually present (Fig. 5d). 2n = ? Distribution and ecology.—U.S.A.: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, New York., Oklahoma., 170 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22(1) howe =& "es A as pk ft a eet Ch Bh AS Sey Denes ‘3 ‘ et ee) ie rere sf — Fic. 5. Cuscuta sandwichiana. a. Flower (scale bar = 1 mm);b. seed (scale bar = 0.6 mm). Cuscuta obtusiflora var. glandulosa. c. Pollen (scale bar = 6 im); d. seed (scale bar = 0.5 mm). Cuscuta polygonorum.e. Seed—general morphology (scale bar = 0.60 mm); f. seed—surface micromorphology (scale bar = 100 Lm). COSTEA ET AL., TAXONOMY OF CUSCUTA PENTAGONA COMPLEX 171 Pennsylvania, Texas; Mexico, West Indies (Puerto Rico, Cuba). Flowering Jul- Sep, ~Oct. Hosts: species of Alternanthera, Dalea, Hygrophila, Lythrum, Polygonum, Xanthium. Conservation status.—G3G4 (vulnerable to apparently secure) (G4, NatureServe 2005). 9, Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm., Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43:342. 1842. Type US.A. Mis- souRE W of St. Louis, “bottoms of sink-holes, or margins of ponds”], on Polygonum, Aug 1839, Lindheimer s.n. (HOLOTYPE: MO). d ,glomerulate Stems 0.2-0.4 mm in diameter, yellow-orange. Infl of 4-18 sessile to subsessile flowers; bracts 1 at the base of clusters and 0-1 at the base of pedicels, membranous, ovate-triangular to lanceolate, 0.3-1 x 0.2- 0.9 mm, margins entire, apex acute; pedicels absent to | mm. Flowers (3-)4- merous, 2-2.7 mm, membranous, white when fresh, yellow-brown when dried; papillae absent; laticifers evident in the corolla and the ovary/capsule, isolated, round to ovoid; calyx yellow-brownish, not shiny or reticulate, cupulate, ca. equaling the corolla tube, divided 1/2-2/3 to the base, lobes not basally over- lapping, triangular-ovate, not carinate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; corolla persistent, tube cupulate to shallowly campanulate, hot saccate, l-14 mm, lobes erect, l.1-1L6 mm long, triangular, margin ntire, apex acute, straight; stamens exserted, shorter to nearly equaling corel lobes, anthers ovate to broadly elliptic, 0.3-0.4 x 0.2-0.3 mm, filaments 0.4-0.7 mm; pollen grains (18-) 21-24.5 (-26) um long, tectum imperforatum or with a few puncta; maximum diameter of puncta 0.3 um; supratectal process granular to conical + uniformly distributed; infrastaminal scales usually reaching the filament bases, oblong, mostly shallowly bifid with 1-3 fimbriae on each side of the filament attach- ment or with a few irregular fimbriae at the apex; styles evenly subulate, 0.4- 0.9 mm, shorter than the ovary; stigmas capitate, globose. Capsules indehis- cent to irregularly dehiscent, depressed-globose, often appearing angled, 1.6-3 < 2.5-5 mm, not thickened or raised around the large interstylar aperture, not translucent, withered corolla persistent the capsule base. Seeds usually 4 per capsule, dorsoventrally compressed, subrotund, broadly ovate to broadly el- liptic, 145-16 x 1.25-1.39 mm, seed coat cells alveolate/papillate or poliedric, 20-30 um in diameter, epicuticular wax usually present; hilum region subter-