pa ger eatome dee! a Re pee it eae ee abating nna tabbed Sot wesrerne ; 5 . i Aakent Pr ne o ae 7 mt atta ayn tn Oe Wachee BF ao 8 oer a ee a ion tnt eo» Fs Seed os a le ete “ 1 aol le Tee BOP e Tole h - thes ~ . Cares oe: r a” Ante * - . 2 . - ee o ad Oud a 6->- Y v 2 aoe ¥ . Sod- - oo Pree et oe " ‘ » “ - a nha eat Ne ea ae SP Sent. Bee a Sa 8. Khoa oF abe bed" oh a tats RB mt 8 ee pmb © a AP i 4 “ h ‘ } k ¥: sa 1 { Py ¥ = 5 jl i s i My ¢ = ~ x El — . A i i \e . ‘ : ; ys 1. i N 7 i i i Aa’ " j ‘ Pa id \ JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Devoted to Gntomology in General. Volume VI, 1898. EDITED BY Wm. BEUTENMULLER. NEW YORK. PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY, QUARTERLY. 1898. PRESS OF THe New Era Printinc Company LANCASTER, Pa. CONTENTS OF VOLUME VI. Baker, Cari F., Notes on einionantens with Descriptions of Four New Species, 53 Banks, NATHAN, Some Mexican Phalangida, . : : ; ‘ : 181 BEUTENMULLER, WILLIAM, Note on the Nest of Vespa Crabro, : ; : . 199 Three New Species of Sesiidz, : ; : : : 140 Casey, Tuos. L., Studies in the Ptinide, Cioidz and Sphindidz of America, . 61 Coeuinterr, D. W., Notes and Descriptions of Oscinidz, : : : ; 44 On the Dipterous Family Scatophagide, . : : / 160 A New Dipterous Genus belonging to the Therevide, i 187 Descriptions of Some Lepidopterous Larve, : ; . 249 Davis, Wo. T., Preliminary List of the Dragonflies of Staten Island, with Notes and Dates of Capture, : ; ; : : : 195 Dyar, Harrison G., The Life-Histories of the New York Slug Caterpillars, XIV —XVII, ; : : I, 94, 151, 241 New American Moths and Saompanedl INOLESS* aus 33 On the Larve of Certain Nematinz and een maith Descriptions of New Species, : : 123 Descriptions of Larvz of Hemileucids from the ie eenne Republic, : : , ‘ ‘ . DeG Life-History of Calvin Sigeene : 158 Notes on Certain South American Cochlidiidee and Allied Families, : : : 4 : : ; , , ea iv CONTENTS. GiR@IE, dels 1Roy An homet to Classify the Holarctic see ae from the Specialization of the Wings, II, . : : : ; Oo Reply to Dr. Dyar’s Note, : é ; Me (ES HOLianp, W. J., Notes on Lepidoptera, . : ; ; 5 ; : Se KuNnzE, RICHARD E., Life-History of the Two Forms of Cerura Nivea, . ; » 188 MorTrer, Murray GALT, A Contribution to the Study of the Fauna of the Grave.—A Study of One Hundred and Fifty Disinterments with Some Addi- tional Observations, . : : : : : f 201 ScHaus, WILLIAM, New Species of Noctuids: from Tropical America,’ * .~ ‘. 107 New Species of Heterocera from Tropical America, . : 138 SEIFERT, OTTO, Life-History of Feralia Jocosa, . elie’ s ies Repetto) SMITH, JOHN B., Notes on lspenes of Noctua, with Descriptions of New Forms, 98 ‘TOWNSEND, C. H. T., -: Diptera from he Lower Rio Gunde or . Tamaulipan Fauna of Mexasy ellen: : : . : , : : eS) TOWNSEND, C. H. T., and CockERELL, T. D. A., ; Coccidz Collected in Mexico by Messrs. Townsend and Koebele TTS O7 7 = ; : ANS ae ; ‘ 165 WEBSTER, F. M., Notes and Development of Drasteria Erechtea, . : ; 27 Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society, 199, 251 TOUR NATL New Bork Entomological Boriety, Vol. VI ets hk eee “ERE } No. < THE LIFE-HISTORIES OF THE NEW YORK SLUG CATERPILLARS.—XIII-XIV. PLATE I, FIGS. I-12. By Harrison G. Dyar, A.M., PH.D. Packardia geminata Packard. 1864—Cyrtosta geminata PACKARD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, III, 343. 1864— Cyrtosia albipunctata PACKARD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. III, 344, 1865—Cyrtosia ocellata GROTE, Proc, Ent. Soc. Phil. 1V, 322. 1866—Lackardia geminata GROTE & RoBinson, Ann, Lyc, N. H, N. Y, VIII, 1880—fackaraia goodellit GROTE, Can. Ent. XII, 242. 1894— Fackardia geminata, albipunctata NEUMOEGEN & Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, II, 109. Larva. 1891—Dyak, Trans. Am. Ent, Soc. XVIII, 157. 1891—Dyar, Can. Ent. XXIII, 277. 1893—PACKARD, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XXXI, 107. (as “ Larva of Hetero- genea ( lortricidia ?)”) 1894—Dyar, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. VIII, 222. SPECIAL STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS. Dorsal space moderately broad, flat, narrowing to both extremities, arched; lateral space broad, oblique, narrowing to the ends; subven- tral space two-thirds as wide as the lateral one, distinct, only slightly retreating, suddenly narrowed in front, tapering behind. Ridges tubercular and setiferous till the last molt, then smooth ; subdorsal ridge obsolete, indicated by the rounded angular change in direction between back and sides; lateral ridge slight, dividing the lateral and subventral spaces, subtubercular even in the last stage. Setze at last rudimentary ; in stage I with the structure and arrangement of Afoda y-inversa except that the subdorsal spines have the short branch very 2 JournaL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. — [Vol. VI. rudimentary and the third spine of joint 2 is lacking. Body elongated, sides subparallel, rounded toward the anterior end, joint 13 produced into a slender pointed tail. Skin covered with large, irregular, conic not contiguous, clear granules. Depressed spaces (1) to (8) present, small, ill defined, but devoid of the coarse granules. Color very whitish green, opaque; a white line along the subdorsal ridge with upper dark green, clear border. The centers of the depressed spaces are also whitish, but obscured in the general white shading; (1) and (4) have green centers, but not contrasting. A fainter white line along lateral ridge and subventral edge. ‘The larva is whiter than the backs of the leaves on which it rests, a condition necessary to offset the dark shade which its thickness produces when looked at from beneath. The larva stands about on the same level as 4. y-znversa in degree of speciali- zation, exceeding it in the presence of the tail-like modification and slightly more reduced setze of stage I, but falling behind in coloration. AFFINITIES, HABITS, ETC. This species belongs to the group of which Afoda biguttata is typical, the palaearctic smooth Eucleids. It departs a little from this type as noted above, but not in important characters. Its nearest ally is the other species of the genus, /. elegans. ‘The moths emerge unusually early in the season, at the same time as Zordricidia testacea, at or be- fore the middle of June. The females rest quietly and do not fly at all till after pairing, even though several nights intervene.* Normally emergence from the pupa takes place during the day, the moths pair the subsequent night and the eggs are deposited in the next night. Flight of the males begins rather late at night, not till after 9:30 P. M.. The eggs are deposited singly on the under side of the leaves. The larvee frequent dry woods and bushes on the edges of fields. ‘They do not inhabit damp or dark locations. Very often the larvee are found on low small plants only a few inches from the ground, and they are never high feeders. Larvze occurred not uncommonly at Bellport, Long Island, in a dry pine and oak woods on small wild cherry bushes which had about six leaves apiece and did not exceed a foot in height. *Most 9 Eucleids fly on the second night after emergence, and if not mated the previous night, refuse the g entirely. Pobdetron and Calydia are an exception, for they will mate after an infertile flight, but in this case the eggs are without vitality, most only proceeding to the first embryonic stages, and those that do hatch never live to mature. March, 1898.) DYAR: LIFE-HisToriEs or N. Y. StuG CATERPILLARS. 38 This species has a northern range. I obtained it at Jefferson High- lands, N. H., in the White Mountains, where only a few species of Eucleidz are found. Its southern limit is not known, though it occurs throughout New York. It is one of our rarer species, yet locally fairly common. There are six or seven stages. The former number is here described. When seven stages occur, the extra one is interpolated after stage V. It resembles stage V closely, the white depressed spaces being a little more distinct, setze large. The larva under observation fell behind in length from the measurements given more and more in each stage, but attained the same final size, owing tothe extra stage. The young larva possesses distinct urticating power, in spite of the absence of stinging spines. The sharp setz, though not converted into true spines, proba- bly function similarly. CRITICISM OF PREVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS. I have given the characters of the mature larva several times. I sup- pose Dr. Packard’s brief description of an unidentified form to have been taken from this species, although the description is scarcely deter- minate. It could hardly be anything else, however. In the present descriptions I have gone a little beyond my brief in including in the synomymy the dark forms albipunctata, goodellit and _ ocellata. Nothing but the pale form gemnata was bred from these larvze, so that there is a possibility of another species. DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL STAGES IN DETAIL. £gg.—Rather narrowly elliptical, flat as usual, translucent white on glass, shining like a wet spot on the back of the leaf; 1.3.7.1 mm. Reticulations rather distict all over the egg, but much rounded, like cir- cular shallow pits, varying a little in size. They hatch in 14 days. Stage J,—Rounded, thick, tail rounded; spaces all of moderate width, the subventral one small. Color translucent whitish. Spines transparent, short, clubbed-tipped, the subdorsal ones on joints 5, 7 and g, leaning out slightly and the lateral one of joint 5 leaning up. Joint 2 not much retracted, a large cervical shield with several fine sete. The subdorsal spines on joints 4-12 have just a trace of the side branch, seen in certain lights as a small irregularity. Skin smooth; slight segmental hollows are present dorsally at the upper sides of the bases of the tuber- cles. Arrangement of the setz (Plate I, fig. 2), as in Afoda y-inversa except that there is only one middle seta on joint 4. The outer third 4 JournaL NEw YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. of the seta is everted from the middie portion on hatching, sometimes remaining incompletely so. No spines present on first emerging from the egg. Length, .g—-1.7 mm. Stage J/.—(Plate I, fig. 2.)—Rather elongated elliptical, tail rounded quadrate, joint 3 truncate in front. Setze normal, two on the subdorsal ridge, one on the lateral, distinct, long, sharp pointed. ‘The middle row on the thorax is represented by two setee on joint 3, and by one only or a large and a small one on joint 4. Ridges distinct, the dorsum and sides concave. Head retracted; joint 2 partly so. Skin rather densely frosted with clear conic granules, not contiguous, no- where produced into secondary spines. Depressed spaces hardly indi- cated (1) as slight hollows, not differentiated by the granules and very small. Color pale whitish green, evenly tinted. Length, 1.6-2.5 mm. Stage J//.—Narrowly elliptical, tail small, square. Dorsal and lateral spaces broad, subventral smaller. Ridges marked, high, seg- mentarily tubercular, the setze stiff, black, distinct. Color plate trans- lucent whitish green, a faint white line under the subdorsal ridge, not reaching either extremity. Skin with remote, low, rounded granules. (Plate I, fig. 4), no spines anywhere. Depressed spaces small, shal- low, not sharp edged, smooth in the bottom. Length, 2.3-3.5 mm. Stage. JV.—Elliptical, tail produced a little and tapering, notched. Whitish green, a distinct white band below the skin of subdorsal ridge on joints 4-13. Lateral ridge prominent, even with the subventral edge or a little beyond it. Dorsal impressed whitish dots (1) distinct on the central segments, interrupting the faint green line of the dorsal vessel. Skin smooth except for the remote, irregular, clear granules, the surface slightly sunken to represent the depressed spaces. Length, 3-5-5-2 mm. Stage. V.—Somewhat more like mature larva; tail truncate. Skin more densely clear granular, the granules nearly contiguous. Subdorsal ridge with a distinct yellowish white line on joints 3-13; a row of dor- sal dots (1), only five of them distinct (joints 5~9). Ridges gently un- dulating from the outline of rudimentary tubercles. Setze short, distinct. Depressed spaces indicated, but like the rest of the skin, granular. Color, translucent green, dark, not yellowish. Head green, eyes black. Length, 5.2—7 mm. Stage Vf.—(Plate I, fig. 6.) Shape as described. Skin granules. transparent, contiguous, covering the whole surface. Depressed spaces very small, the dorsal (1) smooth, whitish with green centers ; addorsal ones (2) absent on the surface, but represented by white dots below the March, 1898.] DyAR: LirE-Histories or N. Y. StuGc CATERPILLARS. 5 skin. Lateral large areas (4) and (6), indicated by pigment under the granules, the smaller ones not represented. Tubercles obsolete, setz minute. The body is elongate, rather narrow, highest through joints 7-8. Color, whitish green, becoming whiter during the stage as the pig- ment is slowly deposited. A dorsal green line interrupted by the dorsal impressed spots, subdorsal lines straight, yellowish white, connected on joint 3 and on the tail, edged above with dark green. A row of white dashes on the lateral ridge, the large depressed spaces (4) becoming whitish with dark centers like (1). Length, 7-11.5 mm. Cocoon and pupa as usual. food-plants.—Wild cherry, white birch, black birch, oak, bayberry, sour gum, hickory and Céethra alnifolia have been observed. Packardia elegans /ackard. 1864— Cyrtosia elegans PACKARD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. III, 342. 1864— Cyrtosia gusca PACKARD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. III, 343. 1881— Fackardia nigripunctata GOODELL, Can. Ent. XIII, 30. 1891— fackardia elegans Dyar, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XVIII, 157. 1894— Packardia elegans NEUMOEGEN & Dyar, Journ, N. Y. Ent. Soc. II, 76. LARVA. 1864— PACKARD, Proc, Ent. Soc. Phil. III, 343 (cocoon; no larva), 1881—GOoDELL, Can. Ent. XIII, 31 (brief desc.). 1890—PACKARD, 5, Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm. 149 (quotes Goodell). 1891—Dyar, Can. Ent. XXIII, 277. 1893—PACKARD, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XX XI, Ioo, 1894—Dyar, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. VIII, 222. SPECIAL STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS. Elongate elliptical, rounded before, joint 13 produced into a pointed tail. Dorsal space rather narrow, diminishing a little at the ends, slightly arched, highest at joints 6-7; lateral space broad, concave; subyentral space broad, narrowly retracted in the middle. Ridges moderate, the lateral the most distinct, subtubercular, setiferous; smooth in the last stage. Skin rather coarsely clear granular, always without secondary spines. Depressed spaces feebly developed, (1) and (4) show faintly as pale rings, seen by transparency as if at the bottom of pits with convergent sides. Pigment unusually scanty ; a band of green color extends along the upper half of Jateral area below the subdorsal ridge, elsewhere the body is transparent, faintly colored greenish by the blood. Dorsal vessel plainly seen and the contents of alimentary canal, showing through the dorsal space. At the end of the last stage the 6 JournaL New YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. pigment fills in somewhat better. Tail conic, sete of joint 13 widely separated on it. First stage as in P. geminata. AFFINITIES, HABITS, ETC. Closely allied to Packardia geminata, differing only slightly. The granulation is more dense, appearing earlier in ontogeny, but the pig- mentation is much degenerated. ‘The moths do not emerge as early in the season as P. geminata, yet fairly early, June 25th to July 2d, in my examples. ‘The females are less quiescent than the allied species and fly violently if not mated the first night after emergence. After this night they will not mate at all, even though males be present, but continue to lay infertile eggs, or else refuse to lay and die in a few days. ‘The eggs are deposited singly on the under sides of the leaves where the larvz live.* The larve frequent dark woods. The deep shade seems to be the essential factor as they will occur in any woods whether wet or dry if dark enough. I have found them on the thin pale leaves in the dry woods on Goat Island at Niagara Falls and also in an almost swampy grove in Van Cortlandt Park, New York City. I have found them on Long Island, not commonly, as dark woods are rare on the Island. ‘The larve are low feeders, but not so low as P. geminata. As in the case of its ally, the larvee can be found in fair numbers by looking in the right places. Except by breeding the moth is seldom taken. CRITICISM OF PREVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS. Mr. Goodell mentions the larva without detailed description. Sub- sequently it has been described adequately by Dr. Packard and myself. Dr. Packard describes a series of dorsal dark green spots which he says ‘<does not form a tubercle or flattened wart.’’ This is, indeed, very true, because the spot is the center of the dorsal depressed space. I suppose the only reason for making this statement to be the same false idea of the homology of these structures to which I have referred under Tortricidia fasctola. * Professor Poulton remarks (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1888, p. 591), ‘it is well known that these larvze ( Eucleidz) rest on the upper surface of the leaves of their food plants.” I cannot imagine on what this statement is based. Of the nineteen species of North American larvze now well known to me, only one ( Phobetron pithe- ctum ) ever rests on the upper side of the leaf, and this in the last stage only when its peculiar shape and color make it resemble a piece of dead leaf that had fallen from above. I cannot well believe that the two European species have different habits from our smooth Palzarctic Eucleids. March, 1898.] DyAR: LirE-HisToriEs or N. Y. SLuG CATERPILLARS. 7 DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL STAGES IN DETAIL. Zgg.—Elliptical, flat, 1.0.6 .1 mm.; whitish transparent, colorless. Reticulations distinct, irregularly quadrangular, narrow, raised. In the bright light with the green leaf behind they appear as narrow black lines, bordered bya bright area on both side;, the flat cell-areas dusky grayish. ‘They hatch in ro or 11 days. Stage J.—Just like P. geminata, the spines arranged the same (Plate I, fig. 1); all short with irregularly knobbed tips. Branches of the sub-dorsal spines just distinguishable as little protuberances. Elliptical, rounded, dorsum and sides grooved, subventral space small. Ridges smooth, sete colorless. Skin shining, smooth, colorless, transparent ; food green; head concolorous. Length, .8-1.4 mm. Stage I/,—Obscure, not shining, pale whitish, just tinted with green, translucent. Elongate elliptical, narrow, the tail narrowly quadrate. Ridges slight, non-tubercular, two setze on subdorsal ridge, one on lat- erai ridge, normal, except only one on the middle row of joint 4; black tipped and with stout expanded bases. Skin granules small, sparse, low conic, clear, alike everywhere, not produced on the ridges. The largest depressed spaces, (1) and (4), are indicated as slight hollows. Length, I.3—2.1 mm. Stage 1//,—Elongate elliptical, narrowing posteriorly, tail rounded, not produced. All frosted whitish, scarcely tinted with green. Setz distinct, sharp, black tipped, arising from slight tubercles on the subdor- sal ridge, distinct conic segmentary ones on the lateral ridge. All of skin surface and tubercles covered densely with small low conic clear granules, uniformly even over the obsolete depressed spaces, where they are scarcely thinner. The granules are very numerous, almost con- tiguous, but rounded, not appressed. (Plate I, fig. 5.) The shape is now unusually narrow, dorsal space not narrowing much to the ends. Very colorless, translucent, the blood only slightly green and no pig- ment present. Length, 1.8-3.0 mm. Stage [V.—Narrow, elongate, truncate before; tail produced, but tubercular like the ridges. Frosted whitish from the granules and, therefore, slightly opaque; almost entirely without pigment, the blood visible pulsating, slightly green tinted. An obscure whitish dot under the subdorsal ridge at each intersegmental space, representing a sub- dorsal line. Setz short, black and distinct. Granules small, even, dense, but not quite contiguous, running uniformly over the whole sur- face; depressed spaces scarcely indicated anywhere. Length, 2.8-4.0 mm. ‘ 8 JourNAL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol VI. Stage V.—Elongate, anterior end rounded, posterior pointed but without a well formed tail. Dorsal space moderate, even, but little arched, lateral broad, subventral moderate. Ridges low tubercular, with distinct dark sete. Skin clear granular, whitish; all very trans- parent, green pigment only in the upper half of lateral space, none in dorsal space which appears darker from the food showing by transpar- ency. A waved subdorsal line, bent inward on the interspaces, free at the ends. Depressed spaces not visible, except faint white rings to represent the lateral ones (4). Length, 3.8-5.8 mm. Stage VI.—Narrowly elliptical with a pointed tail; setee short, black, distinct. Pigment in the upper half of lateral space, the rest of the body clear green from the blood, translucent and whitish in the edges. A wavy yellow subdorsal line, free at the ends. Dorsal depressed spaces (1) very faintly indicated by whitish dots, visible centrally only ; lateral (4) as large intersegmental white rings, but probably at least the glands of all the spaces (1)-(8) are present, as drops of moisture were observed in the appropriate position of them all in the larva under observation. Skin granules rather coarse, dense, but not contiguous, the depressed spaces not differentiated. Length, 5.0-8.5 mm. Stage VIJ.—(Plate I, fig. 9, to). Shape as described. Patches of pigment in the dorsal space surround the rings of depressed spaces (1). Light yellowish green, lateral edge clearer, dorsal space darker. A waved, narrow, yellow, subdorsal line, free at the ends; tail reddish brown above. The absence of pigment in the dorsal space — makes it look hollow, though it is really flat. Six of the depressed spaces (1) are visible as white rings, around which more or less light emerald green pigment forms in rings, transverse bands or even filling all of the dorsal space (Plate I, fig. 10.). The subdorsal line is composed of a series of intersegmental, inwardly lunate, joined yellow marks. Lateral space to lower edge of depressed spaces (4) pigmented light green, (4) large pale rings with dark centers. A trace of pale dots along lateral ridge intersegmentally. ‘Tail long, pointed ; setee very small, pale. Skin granules rather large, somewhat irregular, not quite contiguous, at the largest depressed spaces, (1) and (4), less distinctly granular over the slight hollows. A broken white subventral line. Length, 7.1-13 mm. Cocoon and pupa as usual. food-plants.—Linden, witch-hazel, hop-hornbeam, beech, maple, black birch, wild cherry, sour-gum, black oak, chestnut, hickory and Leucothoé racemosa, have been observed. March, 188. ] GROTE: CLASSIFICATION OF LEPIDOPTERA. 9 EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. . Stage I of Packardiu, dorsal view, enlarged, . Stage II, side view enlarged. . The subdorsal setze of one tubercle, stage II, more enlarged. . Granules of Puckardia geminata, stage IIT, enlarged. . Granules of Fackardia elegans, stage III, enlarged. . Mature larva P. geminaza, three-quarters view. . Moth of P. geminata. . The same, dark form. var. a/ézpunctata. . Mature larva of /. e/egans, three-quarters view, partially pigmented. . The same, dorsal view, fully pigmented form. . Moth of P. ef gans. «12, The same, pale form, var. fresca, — OO ON AM BW DN Hw AN ATTEMPT TO CLASSIFY THE HOLARCTIC LEP- IDOPTERA FROM THE SPECIALIZATION OF THE WINGS. PART IL—THE ITAWK AND EMPEROR MOTHS. By A. RADCLIFFE GrRoTE, A.M. €. Radius 5-branched; vein I1V2 central or cubital; hindwings with intercostal ELSA EM detec race Se cnuecvasens coein cdciadeeouess Tes enenenaes Geslsccee’ res SPHINGIDES. et. No costal vein (vein J) on primaries; vein III2 absorbed by Radius; crossvein degenerate; vein 1V2 decidedly cubital...... ENDROMIDIDZ. cr. A costal vein (vein I) on primaries; vein III2 from Radius before ex- tremity of cell; crossvein entire ; vein IV2 not decidedly cubital SPHINGIDZE. ®. Radius 3-4 branched; vein 1V2 central or radial; hindwings with no intercostal BLOSSUCIMMene ans ret cicias eros ben ree aite SoVeoE ae oH R SN Doe ENE Staeae'e SATURNIADES. dre Vein liV2 continuous with vein’ DVls.,.0.....cscers ccs ereees SATURNIAD. CoMMCSIROPeN a tccssctecsket cere mncas Seccdces ses soceeesdasesr-ct cea deraceers ATTACINA, d2. Cell closed. d3. Hindwings without vein VILL, ......c.csscosccersensesteee SATURNIAN, demilind wings withsveiny Vil swenssacy cose secis= «cneeses HEMILEUCINA, Se ierenee tie Veet VOI (CLOSSVELM Gc. c 5. wav thnsnyacas oes stenasincssecansaioasswases AGLIAD, d4. Hindwings without vein VIII. d5. Crossvein, between [V2 and IV1, directed obliquely outwardly AGLIAN4, Pig SREROSSVELTAUELATISVEISE):» sces yea scchercunyecausns Aside ae sacs AUTUMERINA, dm bingwings with) veins VLU rer onc.scsssaneeas CITHERONIAD. * * This table (C, D), and that of the Day-Butterflies (4, 4), is compiled in ac- cordance with the sequence in the Lepidoptera which I recommend, and not altering the Linnean arrangement upon opinionative grounds, 10 . JouRNAL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. ENDROMIDID. The subprimary tubercles of the larva (3 and 5) in stage I are wanting on the thoracic segments (I to IIL). On the abdominal seg- ments the subprimary tubercle 6 is also wanting. In the ‘‘ Saturnii- den,’’ page 6, I figure abdominal segment, but the bristles marked ‘‘ 6 ’” are too low down for this and evidently belong to 7. I indicate this. doubt in the text (p. 5). On the same segments the tubercles 5 and 4 are separate. There appears to me no insuperable objection to the view, that Axzdromis represents an isolated form of the Hawk Moth stem, separating soon after this stem had emerged from the Tineid trunk. The retention of the intercostal vein is then an independent sur- vival of a character shared by both when the Endromid branch made its separate way. Dyar has enabled us to show that the type of the En- dromid larva is opposed to the Saturnian and the latter to the Sphing- oid type. The neuration excuses me in considering Audromis as an aber- rant Sphingoid type. It is not improbable that the larva of an existing generalized Sphinx might throw some light on the matter through a comparison of parallel stages. When we turn from the larva to the pupa, we find that the segments of the abdomen are capable of move- ment in Lxdromis and by their aid the pupa is forced out of the cocoon. before exclusion, as in Axthrocera, Cossus and the Tineides gen- erally. Preparations before me of Ezdromis and Anthrocera, hatched in my breeding cages, show a striking similarity in this habit. The Sphing- idze seem to have the habit also, inasmuch as the naked pupa is stated to wriggle its way to the surface of the ground to allow the escape of the moth. Such species as transform on the surface within a slight cocoon, have not, to my knowledge, been observed as to this point. This habit: indicates a direct connection of the Sphingides with the Tineides. The links between Audromis and Sphinx appear to have dropped out ;. also those by which we might more surely trace the relationship between: adult forms of the Sphingides and Tineides. Nevertheless, I call atten- tion to the fact that the Anthroceridz represent a Tineid branch possi- bly related to the stem which threw off the existing Sphingides. Leaving these characters, we will consider the neuration. And first the shape of the wings is modified, and this probably in accordance with the method of flight. Disposed as I am to consider the Sphingides and Saturniades as parallel groups, each specialized in a different way, and the Saturniades unquestionably the more highly so, I would com- pare the Endromididze with the Saturniadze and the Sphingide with the March, 1898.] GROTE: CLASSIFICATION OF LEPIDOPTERA. ll Agliadze (the Citheroniadz especially). For the moment we will con- sider and compare the Endromid and Sphingoid wing. The vein on costal edge of primaries (vein J) present in the Hawk Moths is absent in LEndromis. This vein (or thickening, according to some of the costal edge) is found in the Hesperianz but not, so far as Iknow, in the Pam- philinz. The most striking difference between Zndromis and Sphinx, is found in the evident effort in the former to get rid of vein III2. This springs from the Radius, near III1, in the Hawk Moths. In Zn- dromis it is absorbed and appears asa short branch before apex.* This is a secondary character, belonging to the general direction of a diminution in the normal number of the radial veins. ‘This direction has appar- ently been followed out and brought to a higher stage throughout the Saturniades. But the inequality of its expression is here no indication of the phylogeny, seeing that it is everywhere exhibited in different per- fection and upon different lines of descent. It is my second direc- tion in the general evolution of the lepidopterous wing. In my jrst direction,+ the suppression of the Media, Zxdromis has progressed further than Sf/zvx. For the cubital direction of vein IV2, often only indicated in the Hawk Moths, here becomes assured and evi- dent. The crossvein already shows signs of degeneration. The wing, in broadening, has lost the strength requisite to sustain swift and pro- longed flight. There is, in Azdromis, a less crowding of the veins; they do not appear so like rigid and parallel rods. ‘There is a larger space between the Cubitus and vein VII, so that VI there appears as a fold in the membrane. Both families retain VIII as a loop to VII on primaries, and there is no trace of other internal veins. On secondaries vein VIII is equally preserved. Looking at the two wings [am met with no character which renders it unlikely that they may have had a common origin. Here is where positive character may be said to end and where the tact and experience of the observer comes into play. But, on the threshold of this disputable region, I can yet point to the intercostal vein and throw the onus of proof on those who dispute the classification. As between Hudromis and Sphinx there is no question which has submitted to most specialization in the neuration. In both *In Amphidasys betularia the absorption of III2°by IIIt is clearly seen to be in process of being carried out. + Perhaps we should call this rather the “second direction,” seeing that the sup- pression of the radial veins is used as a primary divisional character of the Suborder, but in the lepidoptera, as we find them now, the breaking up of the median system excites everywhere the chief interest. 12 JournaL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. main directions Exdromis shows the most progress. Still, weshall have to discuss the relation between these specializations and habit, although here the matter may detain us no further. It may be here remarked that it is not strictly correct to speak of the Cubitus ‘* becoming three or four branched.’’ The Cubitus is always two-branched. It is the movement of the lower branches of the Media, which become varyingly attached to the Cubitus, thereby giving the appearance of increasing the number of the cubital veins. In the opposite direction, it is the same way with the Radius. SPHINGID. The absence of homology between the anal horn of the Hawk Moths and the similarly situated hypertrophied tubercle of the Emperor Moths has been determined by Dyar and is illustrated by me in the ‘‘Satur- niiden,” pp. 7-8. The two groups have then no immediate connection and the correspondence with the Citheronians is illusory, the common habit of pupation of secondary acquirement. The venation, both of Endromis and Sphinx, entirely warrants this view of the case. We need not detain ourselves with these matters here but pass on to the venation. ‘The mass of preparations I have made show me that this offers no characters of precision for a division into subfamilies. The wings appear cast, like iron, into the same mould. Still there is a play with the branches of the Media and it is often not difficult to decide, as be- tween distinct forms, which is the more specialized. Harder to embrace these forms into groups. A form like Cephonodes picus seems special- ized from the amount of absorption of vein I1V1 by the Radius on primaries, the retreating, almost vanished cell on secondaries, the fusion of IV3 with V1. Cephonodes is more specialized than Hemaris. As between Macroglossum and Aellopos it is hard to distinguish ; they seem practically identical. The obliquely transverse and rigid crossvein of primaries is the same and all goes to show that the position assigned by me to Aé//opos in 1865, among the Macroglossians, is correct and that its placement among the Cheerocampians in the Philadelphia List is er- roneous. A study of the neuration seems to favor the idea that the Macroglossians are really the more highly specialized of all the groups. ‘On the other hand, that portion of the hind wing between Cubitus and the anal margin appears generally more lappet-like in the Macroglossians (shared by <Aé//opos) as compared with the Elephant Hawk Moths. There is a decided indentation of the outer margin between V2 and VII. Almost does this character seem a probable test to distinguish the groups. % March, 1898.] GROTE: CLASSIFICATION OF LEPIDOPTERA. 1s Still, it reappears more or less evidently and constantly not only in the Cheerocampians but in the Eyed Hawk Moths; an indentation appears in, Sphinx ligustri and Hyloicus pinastri and is replaced by a broad ex- cision between Vi and VII in Ditina titie. It appears less evidently in elpenor and “ineata. There seems then mainly the movement in the branches of the Media, which simply affords a criterion for the relative specialization. Judged by this, Acherontia atropos is more specialized than the majority of the Smerinthoid types, although it is overlapped by tiie and nearly reached by Smerinthus popult.* The shape of the secondaries in the Eyed Hawk Moths varies much. This differs even in Calasymbolus astylus and Eusmerinthus geminatus, while Copismer- inthus oced/ata and the allied North American species are distinguished by the tibial claw. On the whole, then, the neuration of the Sphingidze offers apparently no opposition to the general sequence of Kirby, which is that adopted by me in the Buffalo Catalogues, except that I gave the Eyed Hawk Moths a central position. But, for probably the true reason, viz., that I regarded the Smerinthinz as nearer a more original Sphingoid type, from which the present groups have emerged in different directions. I was much struck by the resemblance of Amédulyx with Smerinthoid genera, and fancied that the Chzerocampians might have had a separate and nearer connection with the stem which the Eyed Hawks represent. Hence I gave these acentral position. The discovery of Ambulyx sexo- culata Grote, strengthened this view of the case. But the arrangement of the genera adopted by Kirby is open to betterment in the light thrown by the details-of the neuration. This is, however, a matter for the future student and need not to be here discussed. From an examination of Siberian and European examples I would here simply correct Kirby’s list of the species of Smerinthus and Eus- merinthus (Cat. pp. 711, 712). Copismerinthus is not a synomym of Eusmerinthus Kirby, as wrongly cited (p. 712) but of Smerinthus Kirby. This author has not understood the character and mixed the species. Lusmerinthus wants, Copismerinthus has, a tibial claw. * From a note made by me when examining Latreille’s works, ofzz/i is indi- cated as the type of Smerznthus, by being once solety cited. I regret that my note is not definite and that I have been unable, despite several efforts, to again consult all of Latreille’s publications, Kirby prefers Di/ina of Dalman, 1816, for ¢i/éz, and this is probably correct. 14 JournaAL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. Eusmerinthus Grt., 1877. Copismerinthus Grt., 1886. Type: £. geminatus. Type: C. ceriszz. 1. kindermanni Led. 1, ocellata Linn. 2. cecus Mén. v. atlanticus Aust. 3. planus Walk. 2. cerist Kirb. argus Men. opthalmicus Boisd. 4. geminatus Say. vancouverensis Butl. ? gamaicensis Dru. 3. ? salicett Boisd. The classificator must rely in great part on the body characters, the pattern of ornamentation, and, so far as I see, will run no great risk of being contradicted by the neurational features overturning his group- ings. Nevertheless, when taking the question of specialization in hand, the neuration will afford him valuable hints which he will do well to re- spect. As to the name for the above genus ( Copzsmerinthus) Kirby has adopted my former and original opinion that oce//ata was the type of Smerinthus, an opinion I retained in my ‘‘ Hawk Moths of North America.’’ But, from my notes of Latreille, I believe ofulz may be really the true type of his genus. Whichever way the matter is settled, by reference to the original works, I have at least here sorted out the species accordingly as the front tibize are or are not armed. The North American genera Paonias (for excecatus), Calasymbolus (astylus) seem to me on other grounds distinct from each other and from the above. (Consult an article on the frenulum of the British species of Smerznthus, by Geo. C. Griffiths, Ent. Record. VI, 250.) SATURNIADES. In the ‘‘ Saturniiden,’’ p. 6, I figured the first larval stage of the Silk- worm, Lombyx mori, showing, from the arrangement of the tubercles, that this larva was related to the large group circumscribed by Dyar and which I had called Agrotides. The Silkworm has therefore to be ex- cluded from the Emperor Moths. The Saturniades, cleared of this foreign element, have been taxonomically defined by Dyar by the presence in the larva of a system of subprimary tubercles, wanting in the Sphingides, as here accepted.* The pupa gives the moth within the cocoon. The Citheronian habit is not recorded. A nearer relation- ship, such as we can show for the Sphingides, with the Tineides is not yet indicated. ‘There exists a temptation to regard the Ptochopsychide * Mr, Grote has misunderstood me. I separate the Saturniides and Sphingides on the position of tubercle iv; neither group has distinguishable sub-primary tubercles. Lndromis is a Bombycid except for the absence of sub-primary tubercles in stage I, which I do not regard as a strong character at present. I shall return to this point elsewhere.—H. G. Dyar. March, 1898.] GROTE: CLASSIFICATION OF LEPIDOPTERA. 15 and Psychidz as standing in a connection with the ancestral line of the Emperor Moths, which may be merely noticed in passing. Bearing in mind the two directions in which the evolution of the wing is chiefly displayed, we find in the Attacinz their fullest develop- ment. In fact the wing of Rothschildia jacobea represents almost the ideal apex of the movement. In the frs¢ direction, the Media and its system, as such, has completely disappeared. ‘The crossvein has vanished. Veins [V2 and IV1 form part of the system of the Radius, vein IV3 forms part of that of the Cubitus. ‘That portion of the cross- vein, belonging to it morphologically, lying between [V2 and IV1, has become physiologically the base of vein IV2*. Jn the second direction, the radial branches are reduced to three from five. Added to this, the concave inner margin of the secondaries has lost vein VIII. By this latter character we are reminded of /agzdio, and that the concave margin is a specialization is made clearer in this case by its more excessive de- velopment, attended by a shrinking in the length of vein VII, in the more specialized Parnassius. There will come a time, to speak after the fashion of Mr. Strecker, and the ancient Greeks, when the uncritical classification which thrusts the Papilionides between the Blues and the Skippers (these latter two, as we believe, nearly related) will be read with amazement. The fable that the Papilionid wing is the most generalized must give way to the view that it is peculiarly specialized by the suppression of vein VIII of secondaries. Generalized it is, as compared with Parnassus, but it should not be compared with the other butterflies, since it has had a different line of development. Undoubtedly, the irritable defense of Mr. W. H. Edwards that Papilio has six walking legs and Vymphalis only four, was not sufficient to dispel the illusion clinging to the system of Bates. It was also felt that the more ideal championship of Wallace, that /apilio was so large and complete, could not excuse its being placed ‘‘at the head”’ of a phalanx in reality, a phalanx spreading over the plain of the present without a leader. All this was perceived, and other similar attacks upon a system adopted by my friend Dr. Scudder, and thus made part of the supreme cult of Boston, fell equally power- less. So that newcomers, rising from obscurity, felt themselves obliged to confess the creed as a matter of ‘‘ my opinion,’’ and to follow up the futile expression of credo guia ineptum by the statement that ‘‘ the sequence is in accord with the more conservative modern classification.’’ Where this more conservative modern classification leads to we may see * Compare Mittheilungen aus d. Roemer-Museum, No. 8, p. 24. 16 JourNAaL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI-- in the case of Mr. Meyrick, who puts the Caradrinidze ‘‘ at the head.’” As matters stand Mr. Meyrick will undoubtedly be applauded to the echo by Mr. Hulst. Because, in the Lepidoptera, ‘‘students have specialized (!) and few collectors, even, go outside of the Macro- Lepidoptera.’’ Prof. J. B. Smith has, ‘‘ therefore (?) secured the co- operation of Dr. Henry Skinner in the Rhopalocera ;’’? and Dr. Skinner warrants the endorsement of the Preface of the Philadelphia List by placing the Milkweed Butterfly ‘‘ at the head’”’ of the ‘‘ Nymphalide.” After this specimen of ‘‘modern classification’? one may well put the List by with the feeling that whatever may be the cardinal error of the: Boston creed, neither in Brooklyn or Philadelphia is there any salva- tion. The suppression of vein VIII of the secondaries, in the most specialized of the Emperor Moths, is a direct monition of the value of the character in the Papilionides. In this latter super-family the more specialized forms show clearly additional features of advancement, so that the lessons taught by the suppression of vein VIII is no longer needed to enable us to appreciate their development. The reason why this was not considered is, that the gauge for specialization offered by the wing was not understood, so that loose notions as to sequence and rank were not only permitted, but, the more bizarre they were the more they were thought ‘‘scientific,’’ until at last we are landed in the anarchy offered us by Mr. Meyrick. The Attacinz have served us here for a text upon Pagiiio, and to the Emperor Moths we now return. The fact that the diminution of the radial veins in a secondary development, occurring in pursuance of evolutionary law, up and down throughout the more specialized groups (such as the Parnassinze, Pierinze, Lyczeninz, Saturniadz and Agliade), is shown by a table published by me separating the genera of Attacinz as the Radius is 3 or 4 branched. For a study of the whole insect leads. me to regard the 3-branched P/i/osamia as a specialization of the 4- branched Adtacus with which its phylogeny probably lies, rather than as- nearly related to Sama; with which it has the suppression of III3 in common. Leaving the Attacinze, with open cell, we come to the more gener- alized Saturnianee* with the crossvein present and, so far asI can see, almost everywhere at least partially functional. Undoubtedly here is a * It is more correct to commence with the more generalized forms, but I have be- come convinced that in the Lepidoptera it will always be more practical to adhere to the Linnean sequence, and this for a variety of reasons, among them this, that the contrary course will never be adopted by “ collectors,” who willthus be deprived of the light thrown or reflected by “ scientists.” March, 1898.] GROTE: CLASSIFICATION OF LEPIDOPTERA. 17 gap. The gradual stages of disintegration of the crossvein, such as I found in the Pierinze and Nynphalinz I have not so distinctly met with in the Emperor Moths. But the first step towards this stage is marked in the Saturniane and has already everywhere attained full expression. It is the conversion of the crossvein between IV2 and IV1 into the physio- logical base of IVz, so that the crossvein proper seems to lie merely be- tween [V2 and IV3 and we can classify the Saturniane under the rubric : vein IV2 continuous or on a long stem with veinIVr. That the Satur- nian have attained a high relative grade of specialization is seen by the loss of vein VIII on secondaries and the absorption of the radical veins on primaries. They have lagged behind the Attacinze in the first direc- tion: the suppression of the Media and its system. One point more and I have done with this typical subfamily. In the Saturniades vein VIII appears as a loop to VII on primaries. In Actas and Telea (proving the relationship of the dissimilar appearing imagos) this vein VIII has an outer inferior spur or prolongation. Is this a trace of the vein VIII in its former position as a parallel vein? Or is it a trace of an absorbed additional vein? Or is it a sporadic, or extra-growth? We notice it in Cas¢nia. Its isolated appearance in two Saturnian genera makes it remarkable. Misled by Mr. Meyrick’s figures of Geometridz* I at one time thought the curved internal vein of Pagz/io might corre- spond to the internal vein figured by him in Veni@ia macularia. But it seems not, since the vein figured by Mr. Meyrick does not exist in the Geometrid form. . Next, we come to the Hemileucine, and here is a case of dis- puted classification, a matter I try here to uncover, with the help of the annexed diagrams of neuration obtained by photographic process. Both Professor Comstock and Dr. Dyar unite my Hemileucinz with my Automerinz under one “ family,’’ which they call Hemileucide after Packard. The origin of this notion may be traced back to Grote and Robinson, who, in 1866, established the group Hemileucini with the same contents.+ A glance at the figure of the neuration of Hemileuca mata, which may also be found in Professor Comstock’s beautiful Man- ual, p. 342 (a book I regret to have only recently become acquainted with), shows that its condition is what we might expect from a more generalized Saturnian. On the secondaries vein VIII is retained, and the retention of this vein is a generalization and repeated everywhere. This affords no proof of the want of relationship between Heméleuca and Saturnia; if it did, it would equally imply a want of consanguinity * Consult : Ill. Wochenschrift fiir Entomologie, Band II, No. 38. + Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. Vol. VIII, 376, October, 1860. 18 JournaL New York EnTomoLocicaL SOCIETY. — [Vol. VI. with Auwfomeris. But here it is evidently vein VIII which is added to what is, in its total pattern, in its flowing venation, its wide interspac- ing, its treatment of the Media and its system, its position of vein 1V2 —ain all these points—the wing of a Saturnian, not the wing of an Aglian. What the addition of vein VIII makes to the wing of an Aglian we see in C7theronia. ‘The student will follow me here better by a glance at the figures given, in this way complying with Hamlet’s re- quest to look first on this picture and then on this. How impossible does it not seem, that a classification can be correct (and a classification which represents even approximately the phylogeny) which would de- rive the Automerid from the Hemileucid wing, or the reverse!’ Is it conceivable that the malleable Hemileucid wing should have stiffened into the Automerid? Or that the rigid wing of Cvtheronia should have produced both? Or to believe with Dyar, that the wing of Ag/a could have become transformed into the wing of Saturnia and Attacus, while the very wing of Agéa, its pendant, the wing of Aufomeris, should break out with Afemilewca? For those who believe in the ‘‘ more con- servative modern classification’”’ it will be no argument to appeal to~ Hiibner and that this writer considered maza to be a Saturnia; and, in fact, we see that Hiibner was often mistaken, such as Professor Smith never is. But, in spite of all his mistakes, we believe that here Hiibner is quite right; right also, in the ‘“‘Tentamen’’ and in the ‘¢ Verzeichniss,’’ in recognizing two main groups of the Emperor Moths, which we call Saturniade and Agliade, and that Hemmz/ewca belongs to the first and Avfomeris to the last. We shall try to make this clearer by our remarks on the next family. AGLIADA. It is to Dr. Packard that we are indebted for calling our attention to the fact that Agéa is a specialized Citheronian, and this from other grounds than the neuration, grounds we must here pass over. Before taking up the neuration of the Agliade, we will revert for an instant to ffemileuca again. The vein we call III1 4+ 2 in Hemileuca springs from the Radius above the cell. In the Agliade this is the normal condition of affairs. Its point of emergence travels upwards a little in Aga, as compared with Avtomeris, and herein is the latter the more generalized. But in Saturnia it has already been absorbed to a point of issuance from III3 + 4, just before the apex. Now, this is just what we would expect in a generalized Saturnian, and it follows naturally the presence of vein VIII in Hemzleuca. But the type of Saturnia, the long stem upon which IVr and IV2 sit, is already fully developed in Memileuca. March, 1808. ] GROTE: CLASSIFICATION OF LEPIDOPTERA. +g There remains, then, but the absorption of IlI1 + 2 on primaries, and the loss of VIII on secondaries to evolve out of Hemileuca the type of Saturnia ; and this without violence and following the lines of evolu- tion which we have shown to be followed by the lepidopterous wing. Now to form the Hemileucid wing out of the Citheronian or Automerid type we must have recourse to violence, and this violence is apparently not considered but committed by Professor Comstock and Dr. Dyar. The neurational type of Agda and Automeris is practically identical, so that their position is parallel to that of Atfacus and Saturnia. We may consider them together. ‘They differ exactly by characters on a line with the evolutionary advancement we have everywhere pointed out. In the jrs¢ direction a hesitating and half-expressed step has been taken by Agha. The cross-vein, s#/ uneven, still distinctly rem- iniscent of its true character as a crossvein becomes oblique between [V2 and IVr. Inall the Automerinz from South America I have yet been able to study, the cross-vein is transverse asin Automeris zo. The point of issuance of III1 + 2 varies somewhat, but little. In this, the second direction, as we have above seen, Ag/a is again more specialized. But otherwise the wings are identical. Neither express any of the distin-. _ guishing features of the Saturnian type. Inasmuch as the first direction, the suppression of the Media, is everywhere less progressed, both Agéia and Awf/omeris are more generalized than the Hemileucid and Saturnian type. In their progression they have lost vein VIII of secondaries, here passing Hemileuca by, while the absorption of the radial veins would have rested at the Hemileucid stage. These are all secondary lines of ad- vancement, unequally entered upon. We conclude that Agéia repre- sents Awfomeris in the Old World and that it is the more specialized type. Both have sprung from the same near ancestors, the same stem, whether independently, or together, or whether Agda may be looked upon as the outcome of an Automerid form, we can only surmise. But there they are and they belong together, their sundering, by any sys- tem of classification, from their common stem, is an act of violence and equivalent to a denial of any lessons to be derived from the neuration, at least so long as their common characters cannot be explained away. Weare confident that it is impossible and that the classification we pro- pose is natural and in accordance with the facts. It does not diminish the difficulty to multiply the families ; if we, out of the six subfamily groups originally proposed by me, make, in- stead of two, the whole six figures as families in our books. Always will Hemileuca, Saturnia and Attacus come together, always will C7¢he- ronia, Automeris and Aglia coalesce upon the type of wing. That 20 JournaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. V2. there is a difference in the closeness of contact we have urged. This difference is the measure of their nearness to a common ancestor. Thus Attacus and Saturnia are close together, while Hemzleuca stands apart a little, still sharing the common type of wing which is indicated by the long stem of the two upper branches of the Media. And Ag/a and Automeris are, in an opposite way, quite nearly related; while Cztheronia stands still further off from these and is much more by itself, though still exhibiting the Aglian type of wing, the absence of stem to the upper branches of the Media, the transverse cross vein, the stiff, equal dis- tanced, parallel veins. To a brief review of what we have published about C7theronia we devote the rest of this paper. The student must study with this paper what Dr. Dyar has written in Can. Ent., 1896, 303, and the phylogeny there given. The drawing. there given is correct, except that I suppose the original Aglian stem (as- sumed to be represented by the existing Citheronian branch) has given off both Agia and Auéomeris ; whether together, or one after another, or whether Agéia be an outcome of Automerid-like ancestors, which I am now inclined to assume, I do not decide. My original view of the separation of the six into the two groups is here maintained. I placed “Hemileuca parallel with Citheronda, or but slightly advanced from the difference in general type, from the common retention of vein VIII of secondaries. Above Cvtheronia, as having proceeded from the same stem I placed successively Automeris and Ag/a, the latter being the most specialized. The antennal characters bear out this division. In the Aglian group the female antennz are short and simple, with few excep- tions in specialized forms. In Aétacus and Saturnia they become pectinate. I consider C/theronia as specialized in peculiar directions, and as baving lost much original character and added new ; still, by the retention of vein VIII, as being, rather, the representative in direct line of the original stem. But this view is, for the moment at least, subordinate in importance to the correct placing of Hemzleuca, to the breaking up of the assemblage of Awtomeris and Hemileuca by Grote and Robinson, Packard, Comstock and Dyar. This isthe main classif- catory result which I believed to have attained in my recent studies of the Emperor Moths. For, whether Cztheronia represents the main branch (in assuming which I am not a little influenced by Dr. Packard’s paper), or whether Avéomeris, is clearly of inferior value to the main fact, that Ag/ia, Automeris and Citheronia belong together, while A?- tacus, Saturnia and Hemileuca represent another, and, on the whole, more advanced phylogenetic line upon the same stem. The student. March, 1898 ] GROTE: CLASSIFICATION OF I.EPIDOPTERA. 21 may consult also my illustrated paper in the ‘‘ Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte’’ 1896, p. 197. Ina linear series we would arrange the generic types thus: Aéfacus, Saturnia, fTemileuca, Aglia, Automeris, Citheronia. In a foot-note, Journ. N. Y, Ent. Soc., VI, 46, I have written that the crossvein becomes oblique in 4g@a and Citheronia. As I recollect, I had in my mind to write Zuc/es, but a fresh study of the latter genus, and all the Citheronians now accessible to me, has led me to the con- clusion that everywhere in this group the crossvein remains transverse. No steps that I can now clearly recognize as such have been taken, as in Aglia, towards an independence of IVz. But even were my former statement correct, the argument supposed to be drawn from it is futile. For the movement is secondary in its nature and would not indicate any necessary nearer connection between Agéia and Citheronta. What we want is primary character, underlying the general type of the wing and this we have found in the long stem of IV2 and IVr in Saturnia, together with the other comparative characters here discussed, as opposed to the issuance of IV2 from the crossvein in Agda, together with the equally opposing features above summarized. We have above admitted that the peculiarly Citheronian type of the Agliadz, stands at a greater distance from Agta and Aufomeris than these two from each other. It remains here to point out these differ- ences and emphasize the conformity to a common type of wing. The wing in the Citheronians has pursued a slightly varying form of special- ization of the Media from the other groups of Emperor Moths, one that we meet on occasion again in the Day-Butterflies and also the Hawk Moths. How far this variation is caused by the mechanics of the wing, I cannot now enter upon. Vein IV1 travels up the lower edge of the Radius, and the extent of its absorption by the Radius is the measure of the specialization of the genera. These stand, in ascending order, Eacles, Citheronia, Anisota. 1 do not know the neuration of Sphingt- ¢ampa, nor whether it bears out my formerly expressed idea that it stood nearer to Zacles than to Citheronia. It is probably a specialized form. But although the wings of Citheronians are on the whole perhaps more specialized, as compared with Awsomeris, and in a different way, we have more than a reminder of the Aglian and Automerid pattern. The Radius is four-branched, and this is the natural precusory stage of the three-branched, here the Aglian and Automerid, wing. In Awisofa vein IJI1+2 has traveled up the Radius and is given off beyond the cell. In the median system vein [V2 inclines to the Radius, and vein IV3 « 29 JourNnAL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. V1. comes into near contact with the Cubitus, thus following the course of specialization in the entire group, by which the middle branch of the Media becomes radial in disintegration. But the pattern remains dis- tinctly Aglian, the veins are stiff, tend, even in the most highly special- ized forms, to remain equidistant, there is no effort to lead to the Saturnian pattern, indeed there seems no possibility of a progression in this direction, vein IV1 having taken quite a contrary course, a course entered upon already by the most generalized form, Zac/es. But this course is possible from the Aglian, not possible from the Saturnian types. Vein VIII of the secondaries is retained, while it is shortening. Know- ing, as we do from Dyar’s studies, that the larva conforms to the Satur- niades type, it becomesa matter of comparative less importance whether we confer upon the Citheronians family rank. Under this general view of the position of Cztheronia, we consider the slighter correspondences in venation with the Hawk Moths to stand in relation to the narrowing of the wings and the habit of pupating in the ground to have been separately acquired. ‘The Citheronians have pursued a peculiar path in evolution and one that stands in relation with their comparatively limited geographical distribution. They seem confined, as long ago pointed by me, to America, east of the rocky backbone of the two continents. From the clear exposition of Dyar, Can. Ent., 28, 303, it seems im- possible to reconcile a phylogeny based on the larval tubercles of the Saturniades with the one proposed by me onthe neuration. ‘Taking the latter as the final appeal we are obliged to suppose, that A¢tacus and Saturnia on the one hand and Agia on the other have independently acquired the tubercles on anal plate. According tothe value placed by Dyar on these organs, I must agree that this seems impossible. On the other hand, I cannot find it probable, indeed, it scarcely seems to me possible, that Agfa (which, in the same wing pattern of venation, clearly represents a more specialized type than Aufomeris) should belong to the Saturnian branch and wing pattern, as a generalized type. Nor does it seem to me within the range of probability, that Aw/omeris or Citheronia could have produced the wing pattern of Hemzleuca. On our respective trees, the groups represented by Hemzleuca and Agha change places. The female antennz of Agia, Automeris and Cither- onia are of one type, so far as I can see; also those of Attacus, Satur- nia and Hemileuca hold together, both types appearing distinctive. Hlemileuca is just what one would expect of a generalized Saturnian ; Aglia, just what one could agree that a specialized Automerid might March, 1898] GROTE: CLASSIFICATION OF LEPIDOPTERA. 23 be. Vein VIII on secondaries has been retained by the two ‘ lowest’’ groups on the respective branches, Hemzleuca and Citheronia, exactly as appears most natural, in my tree, wheras in Dyar’s Hemileuca goes to the top. The association of Hemileuca and Automeris as equivalent groups by Dyar seems, from this point of view, impossible. The whole wing pattern of the Agliid branch on my tree holds together, with Citheronia as its slightly dissenting feature, while the whole wing pat- tern of my Saturnian branch holds together without any discordant ele- ment whatever, unless the presence of VIII in Hemileuca is one, but this does not prevent Dyar placing it with Avfomeris. So that it is possible, from the neuration, to admit of three ‘‘ families :’’ Saturniadz, Agli- adz, Citheroniade. Further than this we cannot go, and the matter must be left for more light. If Aga belongs to the Saturnian branch and Hemileuca to the Automerid, then Dyar is correct, if not, then I am justified. The strength of Dyar’s argument and his system in general lies in the indifferent nature of the position of the tubercles. Where such ornaments or their details can be proven to be useful to the organism, adaptive, they are clearly secondary and their importance fails. I cannot judge of the value of the tubercle on the anal plate, but must take Dyar’s word for it that it is primary. So we are ata deadlock. The pattern of the wing venation, not the position of the movable veins, is for me primary. In this case Hemileuca dis- plays the Saturnian pattern. The presence of vein VIII on second- aries is subordinate in value to this. Hemzleuca, from the pattern of neuration, can not, by any reasonable process, have either been derived from Awfomeris, or alongside of it, or represent its ancestor— the rdle Dyar expects to fill, since it is less specialized. Its capabilities are exceeded by one and allof these demands. Aztomeris, on the other hand, may very well have thrown off Agéa, indeed I believe that Agdia sprang from Automerid-like forms. I can also clearly see, that Saturnia must have sprung from Hemileucid-like forms. j So different are Saéwrnza and Agdéia they are with difficulty compared. Cvtheronia, while at the bottom, showing the Castnia-like pattern of Ag@a and Automeris, pre- sents a modification in the movement of vein 1V1, analogous to the Sphingidz, Pierids and Memeobius. Attacus and Saturnia show the Nymphalid movement of the meridian branches, but add to it the Pierid and Lyczenid specialization of the radial branches. Rothschildia taco- ée@ has the most specialized neuration of any lepidopteron known to me. On another line, the common White butterfly competes with it. 24 JourNAL NEw YoRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. Not only does Rofthschildia carry the Nymphalid and Lyczenid secon- dary movement of the veins to an extreme, but it shows also the sub- primary Papilionid specialization of the hindwings, the inner margin hollowed out, and VIII vanished, characters evinced by the Attacinz. No better proof can be offered to sustain the thesis, that rank is a rela- tive conception and that corresponding specializations are worked out upon different phylogenetic iines. And we see that it is inevitable, that systematists like Mr. Scudder, who erect an imaginary sequence upon the fastening of the chrysalis, or other congruous class of facts, and finding some example, like Oemezs, which meets their fancied require- ments, proceed to place this ‘‘ at the head ”’ of the lepidoptera, must be doomed to disappointment. The arrangement for the new check list may be provisionally laid down here, so far as embraced, by the two parts of my revision now published. I may say, that, so far as my preliminary studies are con- cerned, I believe to recognize eight superfamilies in the Lepidoptera : Papilionides, Hesperiades, Sphingides, Saturniades, Bombycides (Agro- tides), Tineides, Micropterygides and Hepialides. I would keep as near as may be to the Linnean sequence, transferring the Sesiadze and Anthroceridz from the Sphinges to the Tineides; and the Cosside, Apodidz, Ptychopsychidz and Psychidz from the Bombyces to the Tineides. Tosumup: In Hemileuca, as in Saturnia, veins 1Vi and IV2 are furcate at the extremity of a long stem. This stem is morphologically the extension of that piece of the cross-vein lying between IV1 and the Radius. Vein IVr is thus prevented absolutely from ascending the Radius, as it can in Agwa and Automeris, where no such extension takes place or offers to take place, and does in C7/heronia. ‘The neur- ation here demands, in a positive manner, the classification advanced by me. No looking at the neuration ‘‘ broadly,’’ no trifling as to terms or the theoretical value of certain changes in the movable veins, can ever obscure this point, which proves that Ag/ia can never be brought into a connection, either as a derived or original representative form, with the typical Saturnians. ‘The dichotomy proposed by me is borne out by all exotic Saturnians I have been able to study. On the other hand, the reference of Adromis to the Sphingides is not positively de- manded by the neuration ; a shorter vein, connecting II and III, and bending down II, near base of hindwings is present in Bombyx mort. From uncompleted studies in the Lachneide, this may not be homol- ogots. The union is at most not contradicted strongly. It becomes ‘March, 1898.] GROTE: CLASSIFICATION OF LEPIDOPTERA. 25 somewhat probable by the extension of the movable pupa from the web, a character not found in the Bombycides (Agrotides). A, PAPILIONIDES. Fam. I. PARNASSIIDA. Type. P. apollo. “ II. PAPILIONID. “ P. machaon. B. HESPERIADES. Fam. III. PIErRIDé&. Type. P. rape. “ 1V. NyMPHALIDA. “ON, lucilla, & V. AGAPETIDA. “A. galathea. 46 VI. LIMNADID. “OL. chrysippus. “6 VIL. LipyrHeicé®. CC GCL ES 46 VILT. NEMEOBIIDA. “OWN, lucina. Be IX. RrioDInID& “OR, Lysippus. “6 X. LYC@nNID&. « L. endymion (teste Scudder.) “ XI. MEGATHYMIDA, “ OM. yucce. ee XII. HESPERIADA. “« H, male. C, SPHINGIDES. Fam. XIIT. ENDROMIDID. Type. #. versicolor. “XIV. «=SPHINGIDA. < S. ligustré. D. SATURNIADES. Fam. XV. SATURNIADA. Type, S. pavonta maior. « XVI. AGLIADA. Ke cate « XVII. CiITHERONIADA WO (CR aed EXPLANATIONS OF PLATES II AND III. The accompanying figures of the neuration of Saturniades are obtained by photo- graphic process and may thus be relied upon for exactness. The numbering of the veins is in accordance with the corrected Redtenbacher-Comstock system as applied to the Lepidoptera. IIL1— Radial veins; 1V— Median veins; V = Cubital veins. Fig. 1.—Saturnia pavonia maior. This and the succeeding represent the Saturnian type, in which I1V2 becomes continuous with IV1. The crossvein ap- pears to obtain merely between IV2 and IV1 the middle branch of the Media becomes Radial. In the Attacinze, here not represented, the crossvein vanishes. Fig. 2.—Hemileuca maia,—The same Saturnian type is exhibited with the secondary distinctions that vein II1I1-++-2 springs from the Radius above the cell. In Saturnia it has travelled upwards toa point just before apex; by this character Hemileuca is more generalized. Also with the difference that vein VIII of hind ‘wings, suppressed in A¢facus and Saturnia, is here retained. Else it equals Saturnia. Fig. 3.—Agla tau, This and the succeeding figure represent the Aglian type of wing. Attention is called to the oblique outward direction of the still uneven portion of the crossvein between IV2 and IV1, the first indication of a secondary movement tending to the disintegration of the system of the Media. Fig. 4.—Automeris io. The crossvein is transverse, and no indication of the secondary movement of the crossvein in Ag/za is observed. The point of issue of I1I1-+-2 is removed further towards the base of the wing. In these two points the Automerid wing lags behind, or is more generalized, than the typical Aglian wing. Else it equals 4g/ia. JourNnaL NEw YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. 26 ‘sapeiurtiyes ‘q ‘sapisutyds “9 ‘LV prisV *epRIUIN}ES ‘xepeluoray NG ‘episuryds : , : ee DAD Ee “UII IW9 FT ‘euULIAWO Ny _ ‘eurIsV *RURIUINILS "ULILY *"NOILVYNEN AHL OL ATAAIHD AONAAAAAA HLIM SHLOJ YOUAMWY GNV AMV]] AHL AO SAAYL TVOIOOTVANAL) GaSOdONd March, 1898.] WEBSTER: DEVELOPMENT OF DRASTERIA ERECHTEA. 27 NOTES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRASTERIA ERECHTEA (Cramer).* PLATES IV AND V. By F. M. WEBSTER. The preparatory stages of this species have been studied by Professor French,} and I have no expectation of adding anything to his careful and painstaking work. Mr. M. V. Slingerland{ has also reared the species from the egg, but his studies relate more especially to the char- acters of the adults and those of closely allied species and varieties. My own studies were begun with the idea of watching the individual devel- opment of the young as closely as I was able, gleaning any points re- garding such development as was possible, and which had not been al- ready recorded. I can hardly claim that the work was premeditated, as, but for what might be termed a bit of carelessness, the study would have never been commenced. September 24th, I captured a female moth and, killing her as was supposed, placed her on the setting board. On the following day it was found that she had revived and though unable to release herself, had struggled about and completely ruined herself so far as a desirable specimen was concerned (which I later had cause to regret), and, in the meanwhile, deposited a number of eggs. As she was captured among grass and clover, it was probably during the performance of that duty that she fell into my hands, and the labor was finished while pinned upon the setting board. The eggs were of a malachite green, as described by Professor French, but I found them somewhat more flattened at the poles than he has described, though the drawings made from alcoholic specimens hardly represent them as they appear when freshly deposited, the flat- tening at the poles being closely illustrated by the appearance of the upper end in the middle of the three illustrations on Plate IV, the eggs from which drawing was made being those deposited by an unmated female. The eggs were placed near a bunch of grass, transplanted to the vivarium, but they hatched while no one was about the insectary to ob- *Read before Section “ F,” Zoology, of A.A.A.S., Detroit, Michigan, August 10 1897. +Papilio, Vol. IV, pp. 148-149. tInsect Life, Vol. V, pp. 87-88. 28 JournaL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. V1. serve them, and it was not until several days that the young were found on the blades of timothy. On October roth, however, they were found, and at that time had precisely the appearance that French ascribes to the larvze before first moult, viz., the two extremities of the body were of a pinkish color while the intermediate portion was of a greenish hue, which I ascribed at the time to the color of the food showing through the almost transparent walls of the body. In this case, I believe the egg stage was about twelve days, instead of five days, as observed by Professor French, as the eggs had not hatched on October 8th, and the larvee did not show the reddish stripes, which indicate the period fol- lowing first moult, on October 12th, but did show them on the 14th. ‘This would give an egg period of twelve days, and the larval period to first moult five or six days, instead of three, as Professor French found it to be at Carbondale, Illinois. Was this difference due to latitude or to the advanced season when my observations were made? This will certainly be an interesting question. The very young larve have every appearance of belonging to the Geometridz, and when feeding on the blades of grass, eat the substance of the blades only, leaving the veins and the epidermis almost intact. After the first moult they begin to eat through the leaves and along the edges, causing cleanly cut notches. The grass plant was now enclosed by a glass cylinder placed in a ver- tical position, and the larve, by jerking the posterior part of the body while hanging to the grass blades by the feet, threw the excreta away from them, and it could be observed in abundance on the inside of the glass, where it had been caught and held by the moisture collected there. If in any way disturbed, however, they hang by the penulti- mate and anal pairs of feet and wave the body about frantically, and then remain quiet, clinging by the three pairs of prolegs, the body arched nearly in the form of the letter 5, the anterior feet and legs bent backward beneath the body, which is usually placed parallel with the blade on which it is stationed, but not holding to or touching it. On November 4th, some of the larvee were observed in the act of moulting, the first time I had observed them to do so, though this was doubtless on account of my not having been able to give them daily attention. It will be observed that these larvae were now a few days less than a month old. Professor French found the date of last moult to vary from 19 to 25 days from hatching. My larvee had now become reduced to six, and by the roth of Novem- ber, these varied so greatly in size that I was led to measure the lot, and by so doing found that there were really two series, in point of March, 1898] WEBSTER: DEVELOPMENT OF DRASTERIA ERECHTEA. 29 size, each series comprising three individuals and measuring in length as follows: 1 inch; 14); inches; 1} inches, and 4} inch; 13 inch; and inch. The larva measuring +4 inch moulted on November roth. On account of being almost continually absent from home, I was now compelled to turn the larve over to my assistant, Mr. C. W. Mally, who gave them nearly all the attention they had throughout the re- mainder of the time that they were under observation. After December 1, the larve appeared to increase in size very rap- idly, the larger ones becoming lighter in color, and could hardly be distinguished from the yellowish and brown blades of grass, more or less eaten, and along which they would stretch themselves and remain for a long time, occasionally moving the head from side to side with a sort of trembling motion. This protective coloration had been observed from the time of the first moult of the larve, the brown stripes and greenish background blending with the discoloration of the part of the blades of grass that had been attacked, while the lighter green corre- sponded with the portions of uneaten epidermis, backed by the green color of the blades behind them. As the larvee became more aged the colorschanged to a more decided brown hue, intermingled with yellow- ish, and with this change there came a decided disposition to pass more of the time nearer the base of the grass plants, where these colors pre- dominated, than higher up, where the prevailing color was a uniform green. Earlier in the life of the larvee, the upper portion of the blades of grass were more generally attacked, none being cut off from below and falling down to turn to yellow and brown, while now at this later period,many blades were eaten only for a short distance above the ground: and falling down took on the yellow and brown. Whatever might have caused this change of habit, it was certainly not on account of the lower portions of the blades being more tender and succulent, though with the continually increasing bulk of the individual larva there would naturally follow a greater aversion to activity, and a less disposition to climb to the higher portion of the blades of grass. It seems to me that we here have a most interesting case of adaptation, and one that was not anticipated when these observations began. On December 3 the three larger larvee began to show signs of un- easiness, crawling about the cages, and again stretched at full length on the side of the same, and again down among the grass, feeding. December 7, one of the larger larva, which will be hereafter desig- _nated as No. 1, and the adult and chrysalis is shown under this number in the illustrations, settled down in a corner of the breeding cage, fas- 30 JourNnAL NEw YoRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. tened a few silky threads over itself, a labor which was completed the following day, and passed into the pupal stage, having passed a larval period of, approximately, sixty-one days, and seventy-four days from time of deposition of the egg. The remaining two of the three larger larvee crawled down to the bottom of the breeding cage and began constructing their cocoons, but died before pupating. The imago of larva No. 1, issued January 13, 1897, thus giving a pupal period of thirty-five days, and one hundred and nine days from date of oviposition. Of the series of three smaller larvee, after December 4, two of them increased in size very rapidly, and, in fact, seemed to be gaining upon those of the first series, while the third, which, so far as could be de- termined, had continued to be the smaller since the time of measure- ment on November 19, did not increase in size so rapidly. While the two just mentioned became slightly lighter in color, precisely as had the three larger ones, this one continued to be much smaller and darker in color, the blackish stripes being quite conspicuous. The first larva of the three smaller ones to pupate will be designated as No. 2, the moth and cocoon beeing so numbered in the accompany- ing illustration. This was one of the two light colored larvee of this series, and began fastening the blades of grass together on the night of December 8, the imago issuing January 19, 1897, after a pupal period of forty-one days, and one hundred and fifteen days from date of ovi- position of the egg. The third larva reared to the adult moth will be designated as No. 3, including adult and cocoon. This was second of the lighter colored of the second and smaller series, and began pupating during the night of December 9g, but did not finish doing so until the following day, leav- ing the blades of grass which it had begun fastening together, with the evident intention of constructing a cocoon therefrom, and appropriated a bit of cotton that happened to be within reach, and constructed its cocoon from that, thus forsaking a natural material for an artificial, and seemingly one of more practical utility. The imago appeared January 23, 1897, after a pupal period of forty-four days, and one hundred and seven days from the deposition of the egg. The third of this series and the smallest of the larve studied, escaped from its breeding cage, December 15, evidently when searching about for a satisfactory place in which to spin its cocoon. It continued to be of a darker color throughout, but had attained to the same size as° its fellows. Later, an adult of this species was found dead in the insec- March, 1898.] WEBSTER: DEVELOPMENT OF DRASTERIA ERECHTEA. 31 tary, during the latter part of January, and as this was the only example found and the date of finding corresponds so nearly with that of the appearance of the remainder of the whole series, together with the fact that there was hardly a possibility of a larva having been unintentionally introduced from without, there is little doubt but that this was the imago from the larva which had escaped from its breeding cage. It was very similar to No. 1, being about the same size, but somewhat darker in color. The mother of the whole three being lighter and of the type of No. 2. About October 10, 1896, Mr. Mally brought in from the fields three larvee, seemingly nearly full grown, and these were placed on clover and blue grass in a breeding cage in the insectary. About October 22, all three of these formed cocoons similar to the one shown in No. 4, which is composed of three clover leaflets fastened together, while still attached to the petiole, thus making a neat and deceptive case, having three quite conspicuous angles. The weight of the pupa of course caused them to turn downward, but even then they appeared like a drooping, withered leaf, and for this reason very apt to be overlooked. One of these three pupz was preserved for a cabinet specimen, the second died, while the third transformed December 6, and is shown with cocoon in No. 4. Of two larve brought in from the fields and placed in jelly cups about October 21, one formed a very slight cocoon of silk as shown in No. 5, and the other fastened blades of grass together, as shown in No. 6, notwithstanding both were supplied with grass for food, and hence both had the same material from which to construct their cocoons. The imagos both appeared December 18, 1896. The latitude of Wooster, Ohio, where these experiments were carried on, is 40° 48/, while that of Carbondale, Illinois, where Professor French studied the species, is about 37° 45’. It will be observed that with him the egg period was less than half as long as with me, while with him the species developed in from 41 to 66 days from the egg, the majority going from 48 to 53 days, with me this period varied from 107 to 115 days. The eggs which furnished the basis for his breedings were deposited August 13, and those which I followed were deposited on September 24 or 25. I am quite certain that, here in northern Ohio, the insect goes into the winter in the larval stage, as I have observed nearly full grown larvze crawling about after the middle of November, though hibernation may also occur with pupz or even adults. In southern Ohio, I have ob- served seemingly freshly emerged adults early in April. All of my 32 JournaL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol VI. larve upon which these studies are based were kept in the insectary,. and in a temperature varying probably from 60° to 75° Fah. The species is a grass as well as a clover insect, as will be observed. from the foregoing, and asthe striped body of the larvae would indicate, but it would seem that the clover leaf is especially desirable as material’ for constructing the cocoon, and it is just possible that the lack of this: building material would account for the great variation in tastes in select- ing such as was at hand to supply the place of clover leaves, thus the better illustrating natural selection. The variation in rapidity of growth I am totally unable to account for, as there was an abundance of food, and the larve were never crowded. With the individual variation in size and time required for development in the larvee, as well as their difference in coloration, to- gether with the equally striking difference in the appearance of the adult, it would seem that in this case at least individual variation offered no very narrow basis for the evolution of forms, which, under a favor- able environment, might still further progress through varieties to species.. That this may have actually transpired, is witnessed by the exceedingly close resemblance between Drasteria erechtea Cram. and D. crassiuscula Haw., either one of which might have given origin to the other, through the same course of evolution as that, seemingly, being followed at pres- ent by varieties agricola G. & R., ochrea Grt., and adstincta Neum., the two latter being considered by Mr. Slingerland as varieties of D. crassz- uscuda. It only requires that these varieties become sterile to each other and the parent stock when crossed, in order for them to become species,. as valid as either of the two just mentioned. EXPLANATION OF PLATES IV AND V. Fig. 1. Dvrasteria erechtea and cocoon. 66 Eggs, enlarged (pl. IV). 2 3) 4. 66 5. 66 66 66 66 6 7° 8. Larva, enlarged (pl. V). March, 1898-] Dyar: New NortH AMERICAN MOTHS. 33 NEW AMERICAN MOTHS AND SYNONYMICAL NOTES. By Harrison G. Dyar, Pu.D. LITHOSIIDZZ. Hyproprepia mexicana Druace. 1885. Lithosta mexicana DRuvCcE, Biol. Cent. Am. Lep, I, 131, pl. 13 ff 2, 3. 1892. Crambidia mexicana KIRBY, Cat. Lep. Het. I, 338. Dark mouse gray, a narrow yellow line on costa, through middle of cell to mar- gin and along the internal margin, just a trace on the outer half of submedian fold. Secondaries all gray. Sides and posterior part of thorax and tip of abdomen pink. Two specimens, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona (H.G. Hubbard). Coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. More heavily shaded with gray than in the specimen figured by Druce, but doubtless conspecific. Bruceia hubbardi, sp. nov. Similar tu 2. pulverina Neum., but smaller. The colors are the same in both species but the diffuse dark powderings of fore wings are differently shaped. In hubbardi there isa series of terminal dots, absent in fz/verzna, and there is a dis- tinct angular line resting on anal angle where in fw/verina there is only a diffuse powdering. Expanse, 22-25 mm. 1é, 29 9 Chiricahua Mts., Arizona (H, G. Hubbard), July 4. Type no. 3840, U. S. Nat. Mus. Crambidia lithosioides, sp. nov. Dark slate gray, secondaries lighter at base. A very narrow pale yellow line along costa almost to apex, along anterior edge of collar, broken centrally, and on posterior orbits faintly; otherwise immaculate. Expanse, 2I mm. One 9, Texas. (Belfrage.) Type No. 3784, U.S. Nat. Mus. Resembles Lithosia bicolor. Crambidia uniformis, sp. nov. Dark slate gray, all the veins of primaries finely lined in dull-ocherous; second aries and abdomen a shade paler gray. Expanse,19 mm. One 9, Washington, D. C. (F. C. Pratt). Type No. 3790, U. S. Nat. Mus. Size and appearance of C. /ithosioides, but without the ocherous costa. Palpidia, gen. nov. Primaries 12-veined, median 4-branched, veins 3 and 4 on a short stalk, 7 to 9 stalked, 10 from the apex of the cell; 11 from sub-costal. Secondaries 8-veined, 34 JourNAL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. median 3-branched, 3 and 4 stalked, 5 from the cross-vein, weak, 6 and 7 frem the apex of the cell, 8 joined to subcostal for one-third of the length of the cell. Frenu- lum divided (9). Eyes large, no ocelli; antennz simple (9 ), palpi long, obliquely ascending twice as long as the head and rising above the vertex, second joint long, closely sealed, third distinct, smabl. Body slender, legs with long spurs, two pair on the hind tibze; wings long, narrow, the costa nearly straight but depressed at apical third, outer margin straight, curved at anal angle; secondaries considerably shorter than primaries. In the synoptic table falls with Zanfura Kirb., but this genus possesses ocelli and must be removed to the Noctuidz (see later in this article). Palpidia pallidior, sp. nov. . Pale ocherous, veins pale ocherous, all the interspaces thickly irrorate with black scales. Secondaries whitish. One ¢@. Cocoanut Grove, Florida (EK. A. Schwarz). Type No. 3783, U.S. Nat. Mus. Resembles Crambidia pallida Pack. EUCHROMIIDA. Lycomorpha /arvis. The account of this genus by Neumoegen and Dyar (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., I, 102) contains two important errors. We did not observe that vein 8 was present on the hind wings of coccinea Hy. Edw., having only examined the type without removing it from the drawer, and hence wrongly allowed it to remain in Lycomorpha. We mistook for ZL. fut- gens Edw. the specimens which stand in the Edwards collection as Ptychoglene equalis and described these. It will be noticed that our description contradicts Edwards’ original one (Papilio I, 116). These specimens bear a label, I think, in Mr. Schaus’ handwriting, but they do not belong to Ptychoglene, as vein 8 of secondaries is absent; more- over they do not fit Walker’s description of P. @gualis, as the costal edge is not black and the thorax is red instead of black. I propose to call them Lycomorpha schaust. Lycomorpha pulchra, sp. nov. Head and body black; thorax above, including collar and patagia, red. Wings bright red, the fringes of both narrowly black and a very narrow black line on the outer fourth of costa and internal margin of primaries. Expanse, 25 mm. 1 6, Texas (Belfrage). Type No. 3786, U.S. Nat. Mus. Of the species described as Lycomorpha, sinuata and coccinea Hy. Edw. belong to Ptychoglene (Arctiide); mexicana Druce, constans, March, 1898.] Dyar: New NortH AMERICAN MOTHs. 35 vata, latercula and fusca. Hy. Edw. to Triprocris; marginata, notha Hy. Edw. and centralis Walk. to Pyromorpha (Pyromorphide); augusta Hy. Edw. is a Euchromian, but it does not belong to Lycomorpha as vein 10 is stalked on fore wings and 5 is present on hind wings. It may form a new genus when this family is revised, or may come in some genus at present unknown to me. It falls into Cfenwcha in the synopsis. From the description I think vegza Schaus must go with it. Of the other species I have seen but half, and they may not all be con- generic. Judging from the above, they may belong anywhere in five genera of three families, representing two super-families. But, assuming them to be congeneric, they separate as follows. Those which I have reason to believe correctly placed generically are preceded by an as- terisk. Species not placed, ch/ora Schauf. Synopsis of Lycomorpha. ~., “Dia GUS as See een ne Ree arn re AM Lin tin BEA earth 2 minora blacks. patazia red OF yellow. a\<tavsre cis see coe bie «ale ore als «je a's <iasein 3 BREAN AMEE Oy ateter n’afeleia sieiaie’, «orev ialakece eres aya cisions) amare clots! slabeys arate o-clot theta orate 8 2. Secondaries dull orange, with narrow black margin...........-.. teos Schaus. Secondaries with a broad black margin.............. viridiceps Feld & Rog. 3. Primaries with black reaching from outer margin to near middle of wing..... 4. Black border of primaries covering about one-third of wing...............- 6 BlACKaDOrdemContined to thes inn Pe sal) stcersteicvofeciereieleleisielersieleiclaysieisieley< efetels 7 Ae Outen plac kainvthe) form ofa) DOLGebar. snisicie dine ole cieleleleyerersieisic/a|eieisiel= «(sels sie.e 5 Ontewolackia longitudinal: band...¢2 ccc secccccteesce sac *fumata J/oschl. BRGTIALIESHOTAN ZEAL DASC).)a < ic iaiapac/see mg cr alsieraie xls. o Sereveierertieleraie's *pholus Drz. EHATIES COAL DASE. wists sine ented alles a ele ails cies seielble 8 *miniata Pack. 6, Secondaries black almost to costal margin..... .......contermina Ay. Edw. Secondaries black on outer half...,........ nisferetasieverete desertus ¢ Ay. Zdw, 47. Red; secondaries nearly all black...... FOU SDGUDOOUICAAC *fulgens Hy. Edw. “Orange ; secondaries with fringe only black........... .... anacreon Druce. $8. Primaries red, with rather broad outer black border.......... *schausi Dyar. PSMHMARIESRL CH paWEMD DIA CK) TKI OC rave; ori diey/ous coselat=: oie )etaretsiel <ieinle lofalelw/a)x's's|s.sicin'sl= 9 Primaries orange, with two transverse black bands....desertus 2 Ay. Zdw. 9. Secondaries with outer black border covering half or more of wing..*grotei Pack. Secondaries with only the fringe black.............e0eeeees *pulchra Dyar. ARCTIID:. In my revision of genera (Can. Ent. XXIX, 212), I included two with ‘‘ vein 8 of secondaries wanting.’’ This is not strictly the case in the sense that vein 8 is wanting in the Euchromiidz by coalescence with 7, for in the series culminating in Luwpseudosoma and Eucereon it has disappeared by atrophy, apparently, while in Bertho/dia it is vein 6 36 JournaL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VE. that has disappeared by coalescence with 7. In some species of this group vein 8 coalesces with 7 to end of cell, producing the appearance of the absence of vein 8. These two groups of Phzegopterids are thus essentially Arctian, though apparently showing the Euchromian struc- ture. Bertholdia was erected by Mr. Schaus in this Journal (IV, 137) with type specularis H. S., containing three species. These are superficially recognizable by the large triangular vitreous patch on costa, but other species without this mark must ultimately come in the genus. Mr. Schaus has kindly given me a number of specimens of Sertholda, among which I recognize a new form, apparently uncharacterized. Bertholdia schausiana, sp. nov. Intermediate between sfecularis and ¢rigona. Primaries lead color, shaded with pink more or less, especially toward anal angle, dotted with black. Costa red, ex- cept at the vitreous patch, whereit is yellow. The patch is excavated superiorly be- tween vein 6 and costa, produced outward in the interspace 5—6 or simply angled, the lower border nearly straight, lightly shaded with yellow, the veins black dotted. The shape is most like ¢7zgona but distinctly angled in the interspace 5—6 and not pointed below. Basal yellow spots absent, or one small one present. Body and hind wings . as in ¢rigona. Expanse, 33-39 mm. 1,39 9 from Mr. Schaus without locality. (Coll. Dyar.) Synopsis of Species. (Group r with large vitreous patch.) 1. Secondaries vitreous with gray outer border.............-. specularis 7. S. Secondaries white, without gray border.............c0--ceceenseoeee GOO eye 2. Primaries with white subterminal line................. albipunctata Schaus. Primaries ‘without this limes 5). ceckydic crore sors els epee one erate: «evi eve eters ate: mee ere Be 3. Subapical patch rounded below, scarcely crossing vein 4; basal spots reduced schausiana Dyar.. Subapical patch pointed below to vein 3, or further expanding downward ; basal spots usually expanded ......... se oaDoDG.COOG! Goud ee iarsiend trigona Grote. Gorgonidia, gen. nov. Primaries with median vein 4 branched, cross vein of cell slightly concave, 6: from the apex of cell, 7-10 stalked ; secondaries with vein § absent, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 joining the subcostal for over half the length of the cell. Wing long, produced, the secondaries small, trigonate. Palpi robust, not reaching vertex of head, first andi second joints subequal, third minute. Ocelli touching the eye. Male antenne serrate ciliate. Two pair of spurs on hind tibize. The male has a stridulating organ on the thorax like that of the Asiatic genus Dionychopus, 2. ¢., SécJosoma (?) nivens Ménét. of Kirby’s. catalogue. (See Psyche, VII, 415, for description. ) March, 1898.] Dyar: New NortH AMERICAN MOoTHs. 37 Gorgonidia mirabilior, sp. nov. Primaries vermilion red, crossed from the costal margin nearly to the middle by three yellow bands, narrowing inferiorly and edged with black except below; an elongated slate colored patch beyond the cell reaching the margin, sharply truncate basally, its lower inner angle produced to join a large rounded similarly colored patch which rests on the anal angle separated from the edge by a narrow red line and reach- ing above to vein 2 and basally to near the middle of the wing. Secondaries pink- ish red, vermilion on costa and internal margin. Body vermilion, ocherous tinted on head and front of thorax ; posterior edge of collar pink in the middle. Posterior edges of abdominal segments below narrowly white. Femora, tibiae and tarsi black, lined and powdered with white. 1 ¢, Piches & Perene Vs., 2,000—3,000 feet, Peru. (Soc. Geog. de Lima). Type No. 3791, U.S. Nat. Mus. Closely allied to Zatrephes buckley: Druce from Ecuador, and Z. garleppi Druce from Bolivia, which will also come in this genus. Trichromia neretina, sp. nov. Head dark ochre yellow on vertex, front purplish brown. Thorax purple brown; abdomen bright red dorsally, pale yellow below; legs pale yellow, fore femora bright red in tront, tibize and tarsi outwardly ocherous. Fore wings purplish brown, a yellow band from middle of..costa to middle of outer margin, very narrow and dis- located (at vein 4 ) centrally, wide on the margins and running very narrowly along ‘costa, more widely along outer margin to apex, cutting off the apical portion of the ground color into a rounded spot. The ground color is darkened where it joins the yellow. Secondaries straw yellow, tinted with ochre on the margins. Below as above, but the dark marks fainter, the basal patch pale and diluted with pink, the apical one more uniformly slaty. Expanse, 27 mm. 1 6, Piches & Perene Vs., Peru, 2,000-3,000 feet. (Soc. Geog. de Lima.) Type No. 3792, U.S. Nat. Mus. Very similar to Veritos repanda Walk., but entirely without the sex mark. Trichromia and Veritos may probably be separated by the sex mark, if not otherwise; but at present the species are mixed and I list them together below. Six of the species listed by Kirby seem not con- generic. I have not examined specimens, but think that amas¢ris and asana Druce, as well as cu¢heans Druce (described since the catalogue) will fall near, if not in Bertholdia Schaus. Synopsis of the similar species of Trichromia and Neritos. Mem SeCONdares dark, DYOWD. 2/6010 0/0 olcie's » si=\-l25/s)olelnielsieis sais civ siaipis sles es «ese 2 Secondaries pale yellow or pink.........-ceseeeceeesccees pecs cafel sikiaterehsie: s/s 4 2. Yellow band of primaries broken in the middle................. onytes Cr. Mellow, band) crossing the Wingy < s/scejs)s ole aitelsis els niincclocina cs svcesnscewce 3 3. Abdomen dark, head red. ....6. ccc cee cece teeter ssc scene psamas Cr. Abdomen red above, head yellow...........2eeseeeeesees sithnides Druce. 38 JournaL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. V2. 4. Yellow band of primaries crossing the Wing. ..........2.ceeeeecsccees éo00 5 Yellow band broken in the middle..................- eyaieete (tere wisteniee arecres CO 5. Abdomen red or pink above..... Hy GUO KUEG ObUsuCnobadgdousooad saiiewtie , 6 Albdomen: syellowss is sei sjeyeranschis mite told eewiets ca evs aise araree Netancnene etalon ter eveis teins belatsle mes Omteadiyellow,secondariess pinks: senna meee eens patara Druce. Head ocherous on vertex only ; secondaries yellow...... Sala tavase else ool ake waierece ete 7 Head reddish brown, secondaries yellow............. ..0.-+> samos Druce. 7. Male with elliptical sex mark near base of fore wing.......... repanda W/é. Malejwithoutiaisexsmarkisnvry. ctor lstsietee scereieirenieiee iets .. Meretina Dyar. 8: Head yellow ac yercs srsncieieiiclostmenc errs stibiiz webigiaie a caladarebe em eRe s tipolis Druce. Head gray...... naive’ whale Tacauatcite lett uatlenetare vu: Siajedeuntavereyanstemetrenonn eats pandera Schaus. g. \Costalspot yellowtroccja:: citer s cccrctet cvssiors aveysiciee choeae sotto ss flavoroseus Wa/k. Costal spot broadly centered with brown... ............-- ....cotes Druce. Trichromia is not a Lithosian, as placed in Kirby’s catalogue, as ocelli are present. ‘The neuration of the species here described is as follows : Primaries with 4-branched median, cross-vein of cell strongly angulated, form- ing a right angle, 6 from the apex, 7-10 stalked, 10 given off before 7, 11 close to apex of cell, 12 from base. Secondaries with two internal veins, median 3-branched, veins 3 and 4 on a long stalk, 5 absent, cross vein angled, 6 and 7 on a long stalk, $ joining the subcostal for only about one-third of the cell, curving and rather remote from 7, strong. Tuibialspurs normal, small. The ocellus is pale, situated in a black ring which is about as wide as the diameter of the ocellus itself and does not touch the eye. Pygarctia muricolor, sp. nov. Fore wing mouse gray with a slight bronzy reflection, translucent except along the margins and apically; hiad wing translucent grayish, darker along the outer margin, pale at the anal angle. Head dark gray in front, vertex ochre yellow ; collar mouse gray, narrowly edged with ochre behind ; thorax gray, the edges of the pata- gia a shade lighter; below ocherous, including coxz; legs gray. Abdomen buff, a dorsal row of small dots and a rather broad lateral band mouse gray. LExpanse, 41 mm. 1g, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona (H. G. Hubbard). Type No. 3787, U. S. Nat. Mus. To give a wider comparison with southern forms this species may be provisionally placed in the genus Opfharws Walk. on superficial resem- blance. ‘The following are its structural characters : Accesory cell present, veins 7-10 from its apex, 8 and 9 stalked; 8 of secondaries joining cell for half its length, faint at the tip; no veins absent. Palpi oblique, por- rect, not reaching the vertex, first and second joints subequal, third half of the sec- ond ; tibial spurs normal, short. Body slender; antennz long ; hind wings rather large. Assuming the described species of Ofharus to be congeneric, they would separate as follows : March, 1808 ] Dyar: New NortH AMERICAN MOrTHs. 39 1. Abdomen continuously marked with orange or yellow, not transversely aril eul smeepeeeetetcreretate Tart cvciobeicisteis [el avoveboyaiey se) Siel's eirails) a) cel spel'e pie le csipyave isieye fare mie 2 Abdomen not con*inuously orange, transversely banded or spotted with pale, 6 PAO OMMING awit Ol bstaTKS walks pciciararovalere uel leveiejeiciel= sie e.sile.clsleicis/etevelers eysie II 2. Abdomen dark dorsally............... sie stderaierpustenaie apenetssie basalis Walk. Abdomen ocherous dorsally.......... Sao6s00 Bieiotetabeiclniniatorsieieveletsle atetousfaters 3 2. Abdomen with lateral spots.......... aoobooedac dic SonCOODHO NOE AaSH.aOr 4 NN OMenewitheanlateral pany. ate. ccve: a\clet sie masuels erefovermteyiel ove ey cicilasene'ole e's icjalerere 5 4. Secondaries unicolorous, translucent at base..... . euchetiformis Ay. Zdw. Secondaries ocherous on basal half........ SCRE OC OAC CRON ruficollis Drace. 5. Abdomen blackish below...... § 6, COU RHIOON Go.0 coau BO OOOUC gemma Schaus. PU DMOMPHEQGHEFOUS: DELOW ss c:¢ «6.00 a s)s eis 0s «= 'vinwiueiel acne v6 muricolor Dyar. 6 Abdomen yellow or red, transversely black banded ............ breyeverenteverers Hf Abdomen dark brown, spotted with testaceous or white....... DHaaC 5 © 7. Secondaries brownish..... Riuchey ave era cetaset ate <siee ake aay, Natotane eieianevevetederare Gio lonerats 8 Secondaries pink on internal margin...............0..00- .rhodosoma 42/7. Sa larces twonyellow dots onl head. «. .. .<jcis.ecjeee oon cee slice oscie gigas Dogn. Smaller, thorax with small blue dots................. albipunctatus Druce. 9. Abdomen with testaceous spots on the sides..............procrioides /Va/k. Abdomen banded with yellowish and with white spots...... mundator Drace. NGO HOA TAMA WAN Got Ose ooassouposodscoubcnod Cosouuonanododc fe) 10. Two lateral rows of white spots on abdomen...............4. tristis Schazs. Cine GHeln JANSEN TON eogogncoodooadon GosdaDboooboAHuOdoI. dolens Druce. PEP MMSE LIN ATIOS TOW MMalafs1e) eh, <iets 616; staleia, setelajy wicca S ciete lish <yaleiet> carbonarius Dogz. PTMIMNES EN. ce bboowanaedhe bdotodd bacdonoDDDdKdodbobOdEd Gdboce son 12 [27a darker shade) crossing the celles... < .js.06cs0ce eee sc cs morosus Schauws. Primaries uniform dark gray......... 5 Sica eieranerats Buena: ge lugubris Schaws. Ptychoglene flammans, sp. nov. Deep bluish black. Fore wings bright scarlet, the outer margin broadly black, broadest at anal angle and twice inwardly waved, namely at submedian and discal folds ; inner margin narrowly lined with black. Costal edge of secondaries broadly red on basal two-thirds. Below as above, the outer border of primaries straighter within. Expanse, 31 mm. 2 6%. Chiricahua Mts., Arizona (H. G. Hubbard). Type No. 3785, U.S. Nat. Mus. Apparently allied to Ahrada Druce, but the border of primaries is irregular. Ptychoglene has the venation of Zubaphe, but differs in the longer narrower fore wings. In this genus will also come coccinea Hy. Edw. as North American. Of the described species, porfonia Druce is Eubaphe ostenta Hy. Edw.; sp/endida Druce is green and can hardly belong to this genus. The others separate as follows. I have marked with an asterisk those examined by me. 40 JournaL NEw YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. To) Hhorax,yincludinewpataciaiblackreyertyecty-tieieetclelel tale ciep-isle mod metedctl-tertarate \2 Patagia red or orange, at least at base. ..5.......00-eeeccecterens coce 6 Mhorax, meludimempatagias ned ay .cine etererstien rel ieietel= ..*coccinea Hy, Edw. 2. Primaries black along costal edge .............5.-005- VEDgdoooodoD Hodion ss < Primaries :ed along costal edge............ ..--- Lege nate eisro oratetay ome roverstisvaters 5 2B.) Secondaries) black except alompCOstarreiaiets setters token afeieineieteraretstet= terete 4 Secondaries red with black border........... .2.-eeeee- *sanguineola Zav. 4. Costal edging of primaries broad .............00-0e00- *erythrophora edd. Costal edging of primaries narrow ..........-..606- Uonaee seks zqualis Walk. 54. Outer border events .)-mi-eaie cee esc a Ni erat Bey rca ste phrada Druce. @uter borderitwicerdentate:|s =o cn- saciees cio sieieireretorte *flammans Dyar. Outer border sinuately widened below......... apetene cheretors *sinuata Ay. Edw. 6°) Costall margin of primaries red) 2s). elocie e ee) aoe w cles s=-elel lela) <-1-1-1 aye Costal margin’black atbase <2. 2. de.-0cs ses an Eee eae snares ira Druce. fe secondaries blackvor mostly Sonat pects ict lees lel ereier«eletsiereieiel | eitvabr=ts 8 Secondaries orange on basal half .............00eeeeeee- pamphylia Drace. 8. Primaries black except red costal line.............. rubromarginata Druce. Costal half of wing red................- iebaleleie sional gisrstetsia xylophila Drace. Primaries red, outer margin broadly black.......... sopo006 pertunda Druce. NYCTEOLIDA. Arctiide, Nycteoline, HAMPSON, Moths of India II, 128. Noctuide, Sarrothripine, HAMPSON, Moths of India IT, 365: Cymbide, KirByY, Cat. Lep. Het. I, 279. Nycteolide, SMITH, List. Lep. 23. Pseudoipside, GROTE, Syst. Lep. Hild. Nycteole, HUBNER, Tentamen. Pseudoipes, HUBNER, Tentamen. . I see no sufficient distinction between Hampson’s Nycteolinze and ’ Sarrothripine. The primary distinction founded on vein 8 of second- aries is negatived by some of his Sarrothripinze, and the structure of the groups seems otherwise the same. The males have the bar-shaped retinaculum in both. The green and gray moths differ superficially, but the larvee and cocoons are the same and are not Arctian. They are excluded from the Lithosians by the presence of ocelli. Family type WVycteola revayana Scop. Nycteola proteella, Walsh. 1864, WALSH, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. III, 609, note fe Tortricid ). 1867, WALSH, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. VI, 272, note. Similar to revayana, but smaller and without the prominent angles at base of costa of fore wings. Gray, shaded with brown. Basal line curved, t.a. line straight, black, narrow ; t.p. line wavy, strongly arcuate outward opposite cell; s.t. line undu- late, shaded. The wing is nearly uniformly grayish with the lines faint, or heavily shaded with blackish and brown between the lines and more distinctly marked; very variable. Expanse, 14-17 mm. “March, 1898.] Dyar: NEw NortH AMERICAN MOTHS. 41 Three examples from Walsh collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. NOCTUID#. Cydosia Westwood. New synonyms of this genus are Pethetria Hy. Edw. and Zantura Kirby. C. majuscudla, the type of the genus, belongs toCydosza. Neu- moegen and Dyar placed it in the Lithosiidz, but ocelli are distinctly present, as I have proved in fresh material. We could not examine the type freely, so failed to discover them. The other species of Penthetria, namely parvula, from Florida, is a Tineid forming a curious pedunculate, lace-work cocoon. It is at pres- ent without reference to any genus. Synopsis of forms of Cydosia. Primaries with three golden brown bands. Many white spots on wing and thorax..... 5 pps oade soon noE nobilitella Cr. “MIRE 0S Sas Se Ses oROoC cee Gra oEaTOCeouso occ aurivitta G. R. Primaries without any markings. ......-..0c0s-0s0ecseeses majuscula Hy. Edw. Euclidia diagonalis, sp. nov. Pattern of markings as in &. in¢ercalcaris Grt., but the pale mark that arises near the anal angle is directed to the outer third of the cell instead of joining the pale reniform as in the allied species. Other markings similar but rather more drawn out longitudinally. A black streak runs through the cell, obscuring the puncti- form orbicular. The white t. p. line is rather diffuse and shaded, straight, joining ithe oblique mark below. Expanse, 44 mm. One? , Mesino Valley, New Mexico (Wheeler Survey, through A. S. Packard). Type No. 3844, U.S. Nat. Mus. Apatela minella, sp. nov. Closely allied to A, fragilis Guen, but uniformly shaded with dark gray. Head, thorax and fore wings blackish gray, the lines as in /ragzdzs, the centers of t. a, and t. p. lines whitish and rather contrasting. Ordinary marks outlined in black, the basal dash indicated. Abdomen dark gray; secondaries scarcely darker than in fragilis. One?. Type No. 3843, U.S. Nat. Mus. The specimen is without locality label, but probably from Rocky Mountain region. This may be a western form of fragilis. NOLID. Following Dr. Chapman’s views on the phlyogeny of this group, I place them as a distinct family at the bottom of the Bombyces or between the Bombyces and Tineides. The larval characters correspond with this 42 JouRNAL NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. _ [Vol. VL position. Hampson makes them a subfamily of Arctiidee and Meyrick includes them in the Arctiadz, with which no fault is to be found if their different origin be kept in mind. The following is a revision of our species, following Meyrick for genera. Synopsis of Genera. Eximaniessto-veined.s (eantenncerciliate amen eee . Reselia Primaries I1-veined, g antennz slenderly pectinate.............0.cceceeee: Nola. Primaries (F2.veinedin jcntcsctomce conc ee eee Meganola. Reeselia Hitdn. Argyrophyes Grt. falls as a synonym on Meyrick’s definition; also- Lebena Walk. Synopsis of Species. Di. CEPIMATIOSIBTAY ees oy Sb aoa eles SNe see ER ORES eee eC Ee 2 Primariés in part’ ‘white %2'.2 2.0. Segtorice ncaa oie hee eee ee 3. 2. Three costal dots, on basal, t. a. and median lines........triquetrana /7¢ch. Tw» costal dots, on basal and t. a. lines........... HON ee -minna Buz. 3. Wing shaded, grayish on costa and anal angle ..........- sorghiella Riley. Wing) with marks contrasted, "im part black: j2)tsci)2 see ie eee 4. 42 basaluwhiteyspace cution: trom castameeeiyare ee eee eenieetee menalopa Ze//. Basal white space reaching costa, at least narrowly...........0.02eeceees Ss. 5. pMedian band broadie. tite. re Reka to acto cero pustulata /Vaik. Median band defined only on outer half ...............000-: cilicoides Grt. The type of Wolaphana triguetrana Fitch is in the Nat. Museum, and is ¢rinotata Walk. = sexmaculata Grt. Nola hyemalis Stretch = NV. minna Butl. , Nola Leach. Synopsis of Species. I. T.p. line outwardly arcuate opposite cell........... po conoonceuonuanDCe: 2. dep linemeanlyastralphtynotibentesa eer emrrerireeer sen ieee sooosoad Zk 2. Wing lines usually heavy as compared with costal spots.............-.. pooo 3% Wing lines slight, costal spots heavy............. Baten cerreraye es phylla Dyar. 3. Larger, markings blurred on a dark ashen ground............. _.fuscula Grt. Medium, markings somewhat contrasted on a whitish ground. .minuscula Ze/. Smaller, the markings usually slender, the ground more ashen ..... ovilla Grz.. 4. Basal dash on primaries less distinct than outer costal dot...... involuta Dyar. Basal dash strong: 5 :[c:cc..\elereeis eters ae oe RO RS en, Cone exposita Dyar. Nola involuta, sp. nov. || V. zznescula Dyar, Psyche, VI, 248 (1892). Fore wing dusky gray; t. a., t. p. and s. t. lines oblique, parallel, fine, finely dentate or dotted, nearly straight, the s.-t. faintest, but waved and bordered out- wardly by a pale shade. On costa at base a brown dash ; a brown tuft of scales on 2 March, 1898.] Dyar: New NortH AMERICAN Morus. 43 t. a. line below costa, surrounded more or less by a diffuse cloud. Hind wing whitish, gray on the margin. Expanse, 18 mm. Two & $, Los Angeles, Cal. (Koebele, Coquillett), 9 Santa Barbara, Cal. (Dyar). Type No. 3779, U.S. Nat. Mus. Nola exposita, sp. nov. || V. Ayemalis Dyar, Psyche VI, 110 (1891). Fore wing pale gray, thinly scaled; t. a., t. p. and s.:t. lines oblique, parallel, fine, finely dentate, nearly straight; lines obscure, especially the s.t. On costa at base a brown dash; a brown tuft of scales ont. a. line below costa; a slight brown shade between t. a. and t. p. lines, especially on internal margin. Secondaries whitish, translucent. Expanse, 16 mm. One ¢ Phoenix, Arizona (Dyar). Type No. 3780, U.S. Nat. Mus. Close to zmvoluta, but the larval habit is different. Nola phylila, sp. nov. Thorax and primaries bright silver gray. Lines as in *zmzscula, but very slen- der, minutely dentate. Three raised whitish dots in the cell, above which two dis- tinct brown-black marks on costa, one at base, the other at end of cell. Secondaries and abdomen dark gray. Expanse, 17 mm. Two? 9°, Long Island, N. Y. (Dyar), Washington, D. C. (Koebele); also several other specimens. Type No. 3781, U.S. Nat. Mus. The larva lives on the oak, but is different from ovz//a and has differ- ent habits. Meganola, gen. nov. Primaries 12-veined, median 4-handed, 7-10 stalked, 7 given off befcre Io. Secondaries 7-veined, median 2-branched, vein 4 absent, 5 given off a little below mid- dle of cross vein, 6-7 stalked, 8 joining subcostal for about one-third the length of cell. Hind tibize with two pairs of spurs, legs long, slender. Palpi about three times as long as head, broad, flattened, thickly scaled, obliquely descending. No ocelli. Primaries with three raised tufts of scales. Meganola conspicua, sp. nov. Thorax ani fore wings dark gray. T-.a. line just visible, arcuate, dentate; t p. line rather distinct, blackish, bent inward below median vein and obsolete on costa, finely blunt-dentate, free or closely paralleled inwardly by the median line which, when present, is irregularly dentate and bent towards base on costa; subterminal line obscure, inwardly waved, faintly bordered with whitish outwardly. A row of fine terminal white points with black scales inwardly. On costa at base a brown dash and a few brown scales also on the raised patches in middle and at end of cell. Second- aries grayish, pale at base. Expanse, 26 mm. Three? 9, Texas; Colorado; Fort Grant, Arizona (H. G. Hub- bard). Type No. 3789, U.S. Nat. Mus. 44 JourNAL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. LACOSOMID. Lacosoma arizonicum, sp. nov. g fore wing slightly incised at anal angle and roundedly produced at vein 3, the apex rounded, not falcate; hind wing rounded, somewhat sharply angled at anal angle, and slightly excised between the veins. Body flesh color, shaded with rosy pink on head and pectus; antennz yellowish with long pectinations. Wings pale brown, the basal half shaded with rosy pink, sparsely irrorate with brown. An ob- scure discal dot on both wings, black, overlaid with white, and a narrow, very slightly flexuous outer common brown line. Expanse, 29 mm. One ¢. Chiricahua Mts., Arizona (H.G. Hubbard). Type No. 3789, U.S. Nat. Mus. PYROMORPHID. Acoloithus rectarius, sp. nov. Entirely black, the collar concolorous. Fore w:ngs slightly bluish, hind wings greenish. Expanse, 13 mm. One example, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona (H. G Hubbard). Type No. 3788, U. S. Nat. Mus. Possibly not distinct from Harrisina mexicana Schaus, which I have Not seen. NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF OSCINID-A. By D. W. CoguiLtett, Washington, D. C. The insects comprising this family belong to the group of acalyptrate Diptera in which the auxiliary vein is imperfect or wanting, and the ‘crossvein, which usually separates the discal from the second basal cell, is wanting, as is also the anal cell. The legs are short and rather robust. The only other family possessing these characters is the Ephy- dridz, but in these the head is usually much broader than high, the aristee of the antennze are sometimes long pectinate on the upper side, the sides of the face are usually provided with bristles and the oral opening is often excessively large, none of which characters occur in the Oscinide. In studying up the extensive series of specimens contained in the collection of the National Museum several new forms were met with, and it was found necessary to make a few corrections and additions to the genera given in Osten Sacken’s catalogue. A large series of speci- mens of Ofetiophora straminea, the type species of this genus, collected in Texas by Mr. E. A. Schwarz, shows that this genus is a synonym of March, 1808.] CoQuILLETT: DESCRIPTIONS OF OSCINID&. 45 Hippelates. LElachiptera is the older name for Crassiseta, as Mosidlus is of Gymnopa. The last named genus is not mentioned in Williston’s recent manual. One European genus, Avrzma, is now for the first time reported from this country, and a new genus, Ceratobarys, is erected for the Hippelates eulophus of Loew. The genus Sigalessa of Loew, although placed by its author in the Asteidz, and by Dr. Williston in the Drosophilidz, may with propriety be admitted into the present family, from which it does not differ in any more important character than the shortened second longitudinal vein. The genus Z//ifoneura is unknown to the writer in nature; all of the other genera reported from this country are represented in the National Museum collection. Table of Genera. I. Costal vein terminating at the tip of the third vein........ gdoogonsa0g008 pee Costal vein continued to the fourth vein................-4-- F5adna30500¢ 6 2, Hind crossvein present ...... snooesoonsoodouscad Sead oopsooddoosbasas 3 Hind crossvein wanting............2000.20 SA dersreet vor tocdawstehsts Elliponeura. = Pestenion femora not thickened 0.05. 0500 326 c oleate eine no stm ainmiemceneanes 4 Posterior femora unusually thick......... ake fereiaveie tots eteye het eeeat Meromyza. 4. Front projecting in front of the eyes at least two-thirds the length of their hori- PANT AUCH AI CLE TURE No tedelettedeil sy clever r= eislcue orevoleveerepela tale) oloke tater steraiene: cleusucyoters 5 Front not projecting more than one-half of the diameter of the eyes..Chlorops. 5. Third joint of antenne at least twice as long as wide .......... Ectecephala. Third joint only slightly longer than wide ..........-...000seeeeeee Eurina. 6. Hind tibize each bearing a stout curved spur at tip of inner side............ 7 lr ecnti nicer Gestitutel of SHCRISPUTS Haye ciel eiolelele = ale) 1 elelaleie lela eelels lee cle) = se 7. Antennal arista unusually broad ............ serene ..+.e.....Ceratobarys. Antennal arista SlOAGer o..10:6 i iniais acts wis veiw sie ne wie eke eee Hippelates. 8. Tip of second vein less than the length of the hind crossvein beyond the first. Sigaleessa. Tip of second vein several times the length of the hind crossvein beyond the LLP SCR PENSE RE or Tole fel sy sis uniavssnseiwinvekeleue ete emisiersials ASR DOS AUODUS soci aoe 9 g. Arista of antennze not broadened .............+28 20% A fejeleustor ere siete SLO restr nanasally ProAdeHeM) 1.0510 x, <r leis s/o 6)s.nveve opine sien wae 6 Elachiptera. 10. Last section of fourth vein three or more times as long as the penultimate sec- DING. 5 GAL ObA gs Id DO ISU DO ROS TOneo: SODoO DSH OOOO TSUC Ly sola bison II Last section less than twice as long as the penultimate SECHOR | vs sio6 Mosillus. 11. Antennal arista bare or pubescent. ............. jn sobeosodyacg snaabas 12 Antennal arista short plumose ............eeseeeeeees HOD SOA SAC Gaurax.. 12, Epistoma noticeably produced forward. .........0e2 seu eeeeeeees Siphonella. POA NGE PLOUUCE LOL WAG ..-\. <a.0 acl ei= sie ale ale » pivip's nls 4 > en o/ens Oscinis. Descriptions of New Species. Eurinaexilis, sp. nov. Head yellow, the frontal triangle, antennz, thickened base of the arista, the clypeus and occiput, except the sides and lower part of the latter, black; frontal. 46 JournaL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. triangle polished, toward the sides striated, its lower end broad, rounded, reaching lower end of the front, sides of the latter bare ; third joint of antennz subquadrate, only slightly longer than broad. Thorax black, the sides and pleura yellow, the latter marked with four black spots, mesonotum coarsely punctured, scutellum yel- low, convex. Abdomen black, the sides and venter yellow. Coxe, femora and tibiz reddish yellow, the middle of the hind tibize and all tarsi black. Hialteres yel- low. Wings grayish hyaline, third and fourth veins strongly diverging apically, hind crossvein twice its length from the small. Length, 4 to 5 mm. Fourteen specimens, Beverly, Mass., June 4 and 20 (Edward Bur- gess), and Colorado (Carl F. Baker and H. K. Morrison). Type No. 3798, U.S. Nat. Museum. Chlorops aristalis, sp. nov. Head yellow, the front triangle, third joiat of antenne, clypeus and occiput ex- cept the sides and lower part black, arista white, the thickened basal part yellow ; frontal triangle polished, the sides converging to below the middle of the front, then as a narrow line extending to the lower edge of the front, sides of the latter bearing short, black, bristly hairs; third joint of antennze one and one-half times as long as broad, concave above and convex below ; palpi unusually large, projecting nearly one-third of their length beyond the anterior oral margin. Thorax yellow, the mesonotum subshining, marked with five nearly contiguous black vittz, the pleura marked with three blackish spots; scutellum yellow, convex. Abdomen dark brown, the sides and venter yellow. Coxe, femora and tibia: yellow, the tarsi brownish. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, hind crossvein one and two thirds times its length from the small. Length, 3 to 4 mm. Three specimens. North Carolina and southern Georgia. Collected by H. K. Morrison. Type No..3799, U. S. Nat. Museum. Chlorops scabra, sp. nov. Head yellow, the frontal triangle, second antennal joint and narrow upper edge of the third, the clypeus and occiput except the sides and lower part, black, arista brown, the thickened base black ; frontal triangle polished, its sides converging to below middle of front, then nearly parallel, extending to lower end of front, sides of the latter bearing short black bristly hairs ; third joint of antennz orbicular, slightly shorter than wide. Thorax black, the sides and pleura yellow, one or two spots on the pleura, and the sternum largely black ; mesonotum subshining, coarsely punc- tured ; scutellum yellow, convex. Abdomen dark brown, the sides and venter yel- low. Legs reddish yellow, a broad black band near middle of.each hind tibia, apices of tarsi brown. MHalteres yellow. Wings hyaline, hind crossvein over twice its length from the small. Length, 3 to 4mm. Two specimens. Oswego, N. Y. Collected July 17, 1896, by Professor Sheldon. Type No. 3800, U. S. Nat. Museum. . Chlorops rubida, sp. nov. Head yellow, an ocellar dot and narrow upper edge of the third antennal joint, black ; frontal triangle polished, punctured, each puncture bearing a short hair, a me- March, 1898.] CoQuILLETT: DESCRIPTIONS OF OSCINIDA. 47 dian, longitudinal carina on lower half of the triangle sides of triangle converging to lower end of front, pointed at the apex, sides of front bearing short black bristly hairs ; third joint of antennz orbicular, slightly longer than wide. Thorax yellow, five dorsal vittae and two spots on the pleura, reddish yellow ; scutellum light yellow, flattened. Abdomen black, the ends, side; and venter yellow. Legs reddish yellow. Halteres light yellow. Wings hyaline, the hind crossvein slightly more than its length from the small. Length, 3 mm. Two specimens. Colorado (H. Kk. Morrison), and Placer Co., Cal., in August (A. Koebele). Type No. 3801, U.S. Nat. Museum. Chlorops graminea, sp. nov. Head yellow, an ocellar spot, one on lower part of the triangle, the third anten- nal joint, thickened base of arista and two vittze on the occiput, black, sides of triangle partly or wholly brown, terminal portion of arista white ; frontal triangle opaque, punctured, bare, the sides converging to lower end of front, the apex broadly rounded, sides of front bare; third joint of antennz orbicular, slightly shorter than wide. Thorax yellow, opaque, five dorsal vittze and three or four spots on the pleura, black- scutellum convex, yellow, toward the sides brown. Abdomen black, the narrow hind margin and sides of each segment, and middle of venter, yellow. Legs reddish yel- luw, apices of femora, both ends of the tibiz, and bases of the tarsi, light yellow, Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, hind crossvein slightly more than its length from the small. Length, 3 mm. Two specimens, Lancaster, Cal. Bred by A. Koebele. Type No. 3802, U.S. Nat. Museum. Chlorops pullipes, sp. nov. Head yellow, the frontal triangle, antennz including the arista, the clypeus, palpi and occiput except the sides and lower part, brown or black ; frontal triangle polished, the sides converging to lower end of front, sides of front bare ; third anten- nal joint subquadrate, slightly longer than wide. Thorax polished, the dorsum black, sometimes marked with two yellow vittze, pleura yellow, marked with four black Spots; scutellum yellow, flattened. Abdomen black, hind margins of the fourth (usually) and fifth segments yellow. Legs brown or black, the trochanters, apices of femora, both ends of tibize, and bases of tarsi, yellow. MHalteres yellow. Wings hyaline, hind crossvein slightly more than its length from the small. Length, 2 to 4 mm. Sixteen specimens. Santa Fé, N. Mex. (T. D. A. Cockerell, in July and August), and Cafion City, Colo. (H. F. Wickham); other specimens from Colorado were collected by C. F. Baker and H. Kk. Morrison. Type No. 3803, U.S. Nat. Museum. Chlorops assimilis 4/acg. An examination of the type of Szphon- ella obesa Fitch proves that it isa synonym of the above mentioned species. Chlorops trivialis Loew and C. distriata Walker belong in the same category. 48 JournaL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI Chlorops prolifica O. S.A study of co-types of this species re- ceived from Dr. J. A. Lintner, shows it to be a synonmy of C. variceps Loew. Gaurax anchora Zoew. This species has been re-described by Dr. Williston under the name of £/achiptera dispar in Forbush and Fer- nald’s report on the Gypsy Moth, page 390. Gaurax montanus, sp. nov. Head black, the lower part of the front, antennz, except the arista, face, cheeks, proboscis and palpi, yellow; frontal triangle polished, the sides convex, the lower end not reaching below lowest fourth of the front, sides of front opaque ve'vety ; third joint of antenne reniform, one and one-half times as broad as long, arista densely short plamose. Thorax polished black, a large yellow spot above the middle coxze ; scutellum semicircular, yellow, the extreme base brown. Abdomen black, the base yellow. Legs, including the coxz, light yellow. Knob of halteres black,. the stem yellow. Wings hyaline. Length, 2 mm. Two specimens. Mt. Washington (Mrs. A. T. Slosson) and White Mts., N. H. (H. K. Morrison). Type No. 3804, U. S. Nat. Museum. Hippelates capax, sp. nov. Head black, the lower part of the front, the face, cheeks and palpi, yellow ;. frontal triangle subshining, the sides convex, the lower end not reaching below the lowest third of the front, sides of front exceot the lower part opaque velvety, each bearing a row of short bristles ; third joint of antennz circular, arista pubescent ; vibrissze rather large. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen black, subshining, the ven-- ter basally yellowish. Legs dark brown, bases of femora and of tibiz, yellow.. Knob of halteres bright yellow. ‘Wings hyaline. Length, 3 mm. Northern Illinois. A female specimen collected October 27, 1895,. by Dr. W. A. Nason. Type No. 3805, U. S. Nat. Museum. Hippelates bicolor, sp. nov. Head black, lower part of the front, antennz, except the extreme apex, and the arista, face, cheeks and palpi, yellow; frontal triangle polished, the sides concave, the apex reaching lower end of front, bristles on sides of front very short, vibrissz- wanting ; third joint of antennz reniform, one and one-half times as broad as long. Thorax and scutellum polished black, the latter semicircular, wider than long. Abdomen yellow, sometimes marked with a dorsal row of black spots and a lateral: black vitta. Legsand halteres yellow. Wings hyaline. Length, 2 mm. Lake Worth, Fla. Two specimens collected by Mrs. A. T. Slosson.. ’ Type No. 3806, U. S. Nat. Museum.: Siphonella inquilina, sp. nov. Head black, the lower part of the front, antennz, face, cheeks and palpi, yellow ; frontal triangle polished, the sides convex, the apex not reaching below the- lowest fourth of the front; third joint of antenne orbicular, slightly wider than. long ; palpi projecting one third of its length beyond the oral margin. Thorax. March, 1898.] © COQUILLETT: DESCRIPTIONS OF OSCINID#. 49 black, polished, in front of the scutellum bearing numerous black, bristly hairs ; “scu- tellum black, subtriangular, along the sides bearing numerous black, bristly hairs and at the apex with a pair of bristles which are pressed together toward their tips. Ab- domen black, the base yeHow. Coxz, femora and tibize black, the trochanters and tarsi yellow. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline. Length, 2 mm. Thirty-two specimens. Virginia; and St. Louis and Kirkwood, Mo. Type No. 3807, U.S. Nat. Museum. Oscinis virgata, sp. nov. Head yellow, an ocellar dot, which sometimes extends over the entire frontal triangle, the occiput except the lower edge, the antennz including the arista, the clypeus and apex of proboscis, black ; frontal triangle polished, reaching only slightly below the middle of the front, the latter bearing numerous short, black bristles ; third joint of antennz suborbicular, slightly wider than long. Thorax subshining, yellow, the mesonotum marked with three black vittze, a brown spot beneath the humeri and another beneath the wing ; metanotum in the middle black ; scutellum yellow, semi- circular. Abdomen black, the venter yellow. Coxze, femora and tibice yellow, outer side of front femora, and the front and hind tibia, tinged with brown; tarsi brown. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline. Length, 3mm. Colorado. A specimen of each sex collected by Carl F. Baker. Type No. 3808, U. S. Nat. Museum. Oscinis pectoralis, sp. nov. Head yellow, the frontal triangle, occiput except the lower edge, and the antennz including the arista, black ; frontal triangle polished, reaching only slightly below the middle of the front, the latter bearing black bristly hairs; third joint of antennz nearly circular, slightly wider than long. Mesonotum subshining grayish black, the sides and pleura reddish yellow, a brown spot beneath the humerus and another near middle of pleura; scutellum grayish black, semicircular; metanotum black. Ab- domen black, the base and venter yellow. Coxze, femora and tibice yellow, the tarsi brown. Wicgs hyaline. Length, 3 mm. Franconia, N. H. A female specimen collected by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Type No. 3809, U.S. Nat. Museum. Sigaloessa flaveola, sp. nov. Yellow, dorsum of thorax and of abdomen reddish yellow, the antennal arista and anterior oral margin black, a vitta on middle of occiput, a spot on front end of thorax, one above each humerus, a vitta on upper part of pleura and two spots on the lower part, brown; knob of halteres brown. Frontal triangle very small, scarcely exceeding the ocelli; third joint of antennz orbicular, as long as wide. Wings hyaline, third and fourth wings strongly converging toward their tips, apex of second vein only slightly beyond the hind crossvein. Length, 1.5 to 2 mm. Eight specimens. Franconia, N. H., Biscayne Bay, Fla. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), and Washington, D. C. The specimens from the latter locality were collected on windows by the writer during May and July. Type No. 3810, U.S Nat. Museum. 50 JournaL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGIGAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. DIPTERA FROM THE LOWER RIO GRANDE OR TAMAULIPAN FAUNA OF TEXAS—II.* By C. H. TyLer TOWNSEND. TABANIDA. Tabanus atratus 7. Twoég ¢. April 16, and July 11. Brownsville, Texas. The eyes are slightly pubescent. First posterior cell completely closed, very short petiolate. Length, 20 to 22 mm. SYRPHIDAS. Eupeodes volucris O. S. One?. May 2. Brownsville, Texas. Taken on foliage. Length, 7 mm. Has ground color of abdomen brown, instead of black. This record extends the range of this species very considerably It is a characteristic species of the Plains, belonging distinctively to the Upper Sonoran subregion, and is one of those species which indicate the extension of the dilute Upper Sonoran to the Lower Rio Grande region. ‘There is a certain element of UZpser Sonoran present in the Tamaulipan fauna; and it is interesting to reflect that the dilute Upper Sonoran reaches to, and actually meets and mixes with the dilute /Vzo-. tropical here on the Lower Rio Grande. Baccha tropicalis Zowns. This species was described in Section I. It is most nearly allied to B. notara Loew of Cuba, a specimen of which from Florida has recently been identified by Mr. W. D. Hunter (with Dr. Williston’s assistance). The Florida specimen, while stated to be a ¢ (Can. Ent. April, 1896, Pp. 97), possesses the peculiarities of wing coloration and abdominal markings distinctive of the 9 of ¢ropicatis. If it bea 6, it is certainly a most aberrant one, judging from the usual sexual characters in this Neotropical group of Baccha. Notre.—While referring here to Mr. Hunter’s papers, I wish to point out a few errors that he has made. In the Can. Ent. for April, 1896, p. 96, he states that up to that time there had been recorded only one specimen of Laccha tarchetius Walker, besides the type in the British Museum; and that that specimen was from New Jersey, col- lected by Mr. Keen, and is now in the National Museum. If he will refer to the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. for March, 1895, p. 38, he will find * Section I of this paper appeared in JouRN. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 1897. March, 1898.] . T'OWNSEND: DIPTERA FROM THE TAMAULIPAN REGION. 51 that I recorded the species there from the District of Columbia, in a 3 which I collected August 19. On page rot of the same paper, Mr. Hunter says that, with the exception of Kansas records, Sfidomyza guadrifasciata Say had not been recorded ‘‘ outside of some of the ex- treme eastern States.’’ I have recorded it from Michigan, in my paper above referred to. The fact that, throughout his paper, he repeatedly quotes Snow’s records of species from Colorado and New Mexico, and entirely ignores my previous records of the same species of Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona, indicates that my paper was not seen by him. The drawing of broad statements as to distribution, without consulting the literature bearing on the subject gives rise to wrong impressions and can not be too strongly condemned ; especially when it is remembered that my paper was a long and important contribution, on Syrphidz par- ticularly as well as other diptera, and appeared fully a year before, and in such a prominent medium as the Transactions of the American En- tomological Society ! Volucella tamaulipana, sp. nov. S 9. Length, 5% to 8% mm., both sexes ranging through these sizes. The Q in life is easily distinguished by having a lighter or more yellowish abdo- men and scutellumthan g. This is not by any means apparent in dried specimens. Front and face light yellow, faze much produced downward toa blunt point ; face and front white- pilose, vertex with black hair, cheeks with heavy shining black or brown stripes ; facial stripe much less distinct, fuscous, brown at oval margin. Face very gently concave above the slight tubercle. Frontal vitta moderately broad, shining brown, lighter arteriorly. Frontal triangle yellow, tinged with fuscous along middle, hairs somewhat brownish. Antennz about half as long as face, reddish-yellow ; third joint subequilateral, a little bulged on edges of basal portion, and slightly narrowed on apical portion; arista hardly as long as antenne, thinly long hairy above, and more thickly short hairy below. Thorax greenish-black, thickly clothed with shoit yellow hair, with a patch of black hair on posterior central portion of disk next the yellow prescutellar spot, whole of scutellum and larger or smaller prescutellar spot bright yellow, the wide lateral margins of thorax same except a fuscous space immediately above base of wings. A yellow spot on pleure directly be- low humeri, and a fuscous pale area in front of wing bases. Hair of scutellum bright yellow on anterior half or less, abruptly black on posterior half. Some longer} ur weak bristles or hairs on edge of scutellum. Metanotum shining black, with an arcuate line of yellow next scutellum, and a fuscous areabetween. Disk of scutellum, viewed from above, appears broadly fuscous Abdomen of a general yellowish brown ; first segment blackish in middle, and black on narrow hind border ; second segment wholly light yellow, except the sinuate hind margin blackish or brown, or with a median line of the brownish separating the elongate lateral yellow markings. Third segment with the same yellow markings quite distinct on anterior half of segment in some specimens, more or less distinctly divided by a median vitta, 52 JourNnaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol VI. ino hers very indistinct. When distinct these spots are usually evenly rounded on whole hinder border, and often reach to but little short of hind margin of segment. Fourth segment usually yellow on anterior lateral portion, often indistinct in dried specimens. Pubescence of fourth segment wholly white ; of third white on front margin, very narrowly on median line but covering about half the length of segment on sides ; pubescence of second white on about anterior half, somewhat irregularly following the yellow markings. Rest of pubescence of abdomen black. Pubescence of venter white, except near apex. Legs yellowish-brown, the knees yellowish, the tarsi clear brownish-yellow except last two joints (and sometimes tip of next) black. Second vein strongly sinuous near extremity. Wings hyaline, narrowly tinged with yellow along whole costa; less than the oblique apical third yellowish fuscous, with brown cloud on section of second vein at extremity of marginal cell, and a subhyaline space before it. A lighter space in end of first posterior cell. Heavy clouds on aaterior crossvein, the crossveins at tip of second basal cell, and the origin of third vein. Brown cloud of stigma connected with that of anterior crossvein by a fuscous patch. Clouds of origin of third vein and tip of second basal cell are also connected by fuscous. Fuscous of tip narrowly and irregularly extended along inner margin ot wing. The proximal boundary of the apical fuscous of the wing extends approxi- mately from the end of the dilute stigma obliquely across to the end of second posterior cell. Eleven 9s, and twenty-four és, as fullows: All the Qs June 24, ex- cept one June 28: all the és June 24, except two June 25, one June 28, and one July 3, near Brownsville, Texas. All on flowers of Lippia lanceolata Michx., except two és (June 25) which were hovering in air under shade of a large tree in woods. Others were seen hovering in this manner and poised in the air, in company with them. J copula June 24. This species belongs to the group of V. pusilla, satur, etc. The ap- ical fuscous of the wing has the same inner boundary shown in the figure of pusilla given by Williston (Synopsis Syrph. pl. 6, fig. 3). It is one of the short, stout species, with the abdomen subround, and wider than the thorax. CONOPID. Zadion albonotatum Zowzs. The species was described in Section I. It is on the order of Z. splendens Jaeun., being practically, so far as effect goes, a melanistic and intensified color form of that species. It is, however, a perfectly good spec'es, being quite distinct in its emphatic coloring. March, 1898.] BAKER: NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SIPHONAPTERA. 53. NOTES ON SIPHONAPTERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES. By Gor. BARKER, Early in the course of my studies on the Siphonaptera I wrote Dr. Berg in Buenos Ayres, relative to the Pulex grossiventrix of Weyenberg which I had referred to Sarcopgsylla. He very kindly sent me speci- mens of both male and female. ‘These show some remarkable charac- ters which justify the foundation of not only a new genus but a new family. JI would here again call attention to the fact that we have yet no record of any fleas from bats in this country. The bat species are among the most interesting. I hope collectors having the opportunity will certainly secure specimens from any of our bats. Family MEGAPSYLLID, fam. nov. Body very large in the pregnant female, but the abdomen does not lose the nor- mal texture or structure, the sutures remaining distinct, although much connective: membrane is exposed between the plates. Antenne normal. Eyes very large, in a rather small head. Mouth parts very stout, the labial palpi six or seven jointed (impossible to say which without dissection). Fourth tarsal joint very small, more or less connate wiih fifth, causing the tarsi to appear four-jointed. Last tarsal joint and claws greatly en'arged, the spines on the former inclining to somewhat foliaceous. Megapsylla, gen. nov. Head evenly rounded above in female, uneven and unituberculate in front in the male. Prothorax in the female with five or seven remote, short, stout, dark brown teeth ; inthe male unarmed. Fore tibize very small and short, but swollen. Max- illae small, extending only to one-half of second joint of maxillary palpi. Megapsylla grossiventris ( Weyend.). 1879, WEYENBERG, Boletin de la Acad. Nat. de Ciencias Repub. Argent, III, p- 188. ( Pulex grossiventris. ) 1895, BAKER, Can. Ent. XXVII, p. 3. (Sarcopsylla grossiventris. ) Length of $ 2.5-3.5, of 9 4 mm. to often 6.5 mm. when pregnant. Head and thorax, with legs, reddish to dark brown, abdominal plates dark smoky. Edges of antennal groove very minutely and thickly spinose. Sparingly bristled, but the bristles stout ; the spines on the legs heavy, those on the fore tibie becoming very thick and tooth-like, and those on the fifth tarsal joint more or less flattened. Claws very large and recurved to the length of the fifth tarsal joint. Dorsal segments each with a single row of long bristles, six on a side. Upper claspers of male very large, naked, twice as long as broad, sides subparallel, tips obliquely cut off downward and backward. 3 Lives on the Armadillo (Dasypus minutus) in the Argentine Re- public (Weyenberg and Berg.) 54 JournaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. Pulex longispinus Wagner, Horz. Soc. Ent. Ross. XXIII, 1889, p. 355: Pulex lamellifer Wagzer, ibid. XXIX, 1895, p. 504. The descriptions of these two species did not come to my hands until after the publication of the Preliminary Studies. They both be- long in my Division I of the genus. ‘The former name was also un- fortunately used by me. To the species described under this name by me I will now give the name a@visws. An examination of further ma- terial may show it to be a Zyphlopsylla. Pulex multispinosus, sp. nov. Male. Length, 3mm. Head flat above, strongly rounded in front, face nearly vertical. Eye rather small but distinct, and near lower edge of head. Antennal groove extending obliquely through center of head to near upper margin; near the lower edge of head, with three very long and stout spines and three smaller in front and three long and stout ones behind. Bristles on second antennal joint as long as third joint. Labial palpi about equalling fore coxze in length. Pro-, meso, and me- tanotums of nearly equal length, their discs with numerous small bristles; the pro- notum provided with a ‘‘comb’’ of about forty teeth. Dorsal segments, each with one row of medium-sized bristles, twelve on a side, and two rows of minute bristles ; ventral segments with a single row each, of four or five on aside. ‘Tarsal spines, all small and weak, especially those on fore tarsi. In fore tarsi joints 2 and 5 are of equal length, a little longer than 1 and about equalling 3 and 4 together. In middle tarsi joints 2 and 5 are of equal length and about three-fourths of 1 which equals 3 and 4 together. In hind tarsi 1 equals 2 and 3 together, 2 equals 3 and 4 together, while 5 is scarcely half of 1. The decrease in length and width of joints in hind tarsi is very marked. Upper claspers very short and broad, trapezoidal in shape and un- armed. Described from one male collected at Raleigh, N. C., by Messrs. H. H. and C. S. Brimley. The host is the Rabbit (Lefus sylvaticus.) This species belongs to my Division II, but is widely distinct from any described species. It has a greater number of teeth in the pronotal comb than any described flea excepting Hystrichopsylla obtusiceps. Pulex gillettei Baker. Prof. A. P. Morse has taken this species on the Screech Owl (Z- gascops asio) at Wellesley, Mass. The habits of the birds of prey make them at least temporary hosts for several species of fleas usually found elsewhere. Pulex howardii Beazer. This flea is proving to be one of our most common and widely dis- tributed species, both geographically and as to hosts. Mr. D. B. Young March, 1898.] BAKER: NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SIPHONAPTERA, 55 has collected it at Newport, Herkimer Co., N. Y., on the Wood-chuck (Arctomys monax) and the Flying Squirrel (Sciwropterus volucelia). Mr. Hubbard has taken it from a nest of the Silvery Mouse (Cereus giganteus) at Tucson, Ariz., and in debris of the Colorado River at Yuma, Ariz. Pulex brunneri 2aker. Collected by Professor J. M. Aldrich at Moscow, Idaho, on the Sper- mophile (Spermophilus columbianus). Belonging to a group of my Division II, which is composed of essentially American species. This group includes irsutus, colora- densis, bruneri, montanus and divisus, and is distinguished by having one or both of the apical spines on the second joint of hind tarsi greatly elongated and exceeding in length joints 3 and 4 together. Pulex arizonensis, sp. nov. Male. Length, 2mm. Head evenly rounded from occiput to mouth. A few bristles below, before and behind antennal groove. Bristles on apex of second an- tennal joint few but long. Eyes normal. Labial palpi somewhat exceeding fore cox. Pronotal comb of eighteen spines. Dorsal segments with two rows of bristles each, the principal row of six to seven bristles on aside. Fore and middle tarsi very weakly spined, hind tarsi with spines long and slender. In fore tarsi joints I and 3 are of equal length and a little shorter than 2, while 5 is as long as I and 2 together. In middle tarsi joints 1, 2 and 5 are subequal in length and as long as 3 and 4 to- gether. In hind tarsi joint 5 equals 3 and 4 together, and is somewhat shorter than 2, while 1 equals 2 and 3 together ; the bristles on the apex of joint I are about as long or shorter than joint 2. Upper claspers unarmed, little more than twice longer than wide, sides subparallel, bent below, apex rounded. Described from a male taken by Mr. Hubbard at Tucson, Ariz., in a nest of Silvery Mouse. Typhlopsylla pectiniceps Wagner. Horz Soc. Ent. Ross, XXIII, 1889, p. 347- Typhlopsylla bidentatiformis Wagner. Ibid., p. 351. These are two other species previously also overlooked by me. The former is widely distinct from any other Zyphlopsylla by reason of hav- ing combs of fourteen teeth each on either side of the head. The latter is quite near the wnzpectinata of ‘Taschenberg. Typhlopsylla assimilis Zschd. (var. ?). Three females, nearer this species than any other, were taken on the Screech Owl (Megascops asio) at Wellesley, Mass., by Professor A. P. Morse. This occurrence is to be considered accidental. These 56 JournaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VB. specimens cannot at present be definitely referred to this species with- out the males. Typhlopsylla nudata, sp. nov. Female. Length, 2mm. This species is well distinguished by the almost entire absence of bristles on the body, coxze and femora. The labial palpi about equal, the maxillary palpi somewhat exceed, the fore coxz in length. Head otherwise normal, no vestige of eyes. Spines of tibize few and rather weak, spines on fore and middle tarsi very weak, almost entirely absent on the former ; on hind tarsi long and slender, those on apex of first joint shorter than joint 2, but one of those on apex of joint 2 is. much longer than joints 3 and 4 together, asin Pulex bruneri and allies. Middle and hind femora apparently deeply emarginate behind, before the apex, with an acute tooth before the emargination, a character not before noted in any American flea (Skuse mentions it for his Stephanocircus). In fore tarsi joints I, 2, and 3 are sub- equal in length and little longer than 4, while 5 equals I and 2 together. In middle tarsi joint 5 equals 3 and 4 together and is a little longer than 1, the first four joints decreasing in length in this order, I, 2, 3, 4. In hind tarsi joint 5 equals 3 and 4 together and 1 equals 3, 4, and 5 together, while 2 is somewhat longer than 5. Described from two females taken by Mr. Hubbard from inner nest of Veotoma albigula, at Tucson, Ariz. ‘This is the most interesting spe- cies of the genus yet found in North America. When the final disrupt- ing of Zyphlopsyla comes this will fall in a genus by itself. Typhlopsylla charlottensis, sp. nov. Female. Length, 1.75 mm. Head with two oblique rows of spines, the lowest much the stronger. Bristles on apex of second antennal joint short. Labial palpi nearly equalling fore coxee. Pronotal comb of fourteen stout teeth. Dorsal segments with two rows of bristles, the principal row of five to seven long stout bristles on either side ; ventral segments with three to four onaside. Fore coxz strongly bristled. Spines of fore and middle tarsi very weak, of hind tarsi strong. In fore tarsi joints I and 2 are equal in length, 5 equals 3 and 4 together, and 4 is one-half of 1. In middle tarsi 1 equals 2 and 3 together or 4 and 5 together, while 2 equals5. Inhind tarsi spines all short, joint 2 is three-fourths of 1, equals 3 and 4 together and is one- fourth longer than 5. Described from two females taken in a mouse nest at Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands, by Rev. J. H. Keen. It is nearest to americana, from which, however, it is very distinct as described above. “March, 18,8 ] Ho.tianp: NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA. ait NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA. Ma | ItOLLAND, WLDi, F:Z.5., Sc. The species named Lycena fuliginosa by Mr. W. H. Edwards and as such listed in his Catalogue of-the Butterflies of North America, pub- lished as an Appendix to the First Volume of the Butterflies of North America, has been in the Catalogue annexed to Volume II transferred to the genus Zhec/a. This is a palpable error, as an examination of the types reveals. I called the attention of Dr. Skinner to this fact long ago, and recently upon the occasion of a short visit paid me by Mr. Beutenmuller, I likewise called his attention to it. The fact seems to be worthy of publication. Edwards was right in his original location of the species. The upper side is of a uniform grayish brown and the maikings of the underside as well as the form of the wings are of a truly lyceenine character. Entomclogists have been puzzled for many years past by their fail- ure to discover anywhere within the limits of the United States speci- mens of the species named /Pamphila omaha by Mr. W. H. Edwards. ‘The original description, which appeared in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, Vol. II, p. 21, stated that the type came from ‘‘ Pike’s Peak’’ and was contained in the collection of Mr. Newman, of Philadelphia, the well known collector, of whom the writer cherishes pleasant memories. In a letter recently received from Mr. Edwards he tells me that the specimens were collected by Mr. William Wood. Wood, I am informed, was a taxidermist, who also traded in a small way in insects, and had a lot of miscellaneous stuff in his shop coming from all sorts of places. He was not at all careful, so I am told, and but little dependence could be placed upon his lo- cality labels, which were as likely to be incorrect as correct. After Mr. Edwards had written his original description of P. omaha he returned the types to their owner. If I am not mistaken they are contained at present in the collection of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia. Atall events, two specimens labelled Pamphila omaha Edwards, are to be found there, corresponding perfectly with the description given by Edwards. They are mounted on common pins, not insect pins. In the Edwards Collection there is a single specimen of Pamphila omaha, marked ‘‘ P. omaha, —mingo, Edw., Kanawha Co., W. Va.”’ Mr. Edward writes me that so far as he is able to recall the facts this specimen, which is the original type of his Pamphila mingo, was taken, 58 JournaL New YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. — [Vol. VI- as the label states, in Kanawha County. He tells me that having re- turned the types of P. omaha, he fell inadvertently into the error of re- describing the species three years afterwards under the new name. In my studiesof the He-periidz I have been led to amass an exceed- ingly large collection of the Hesperiidee of the world, and the other day Dr. Barnes, who was with me spending a little time in the examination of the Edwards Collection, called my attention to the obvious identity of P. omaha with the East Indian Zedicota mesoides Butler, of which I possess a large series of specimens. I had not noted the fact before, but, when my attention was called to it, the positive identity of the two things became at once manifest. I strongly suspect that Pamphila omaha Edwards is not a native of this country. If we had only to do with the types originally acquired by Mr. Newman from William Wood I should have no hesitation what- ever in saying that we are dealing with an error brought about by a mis- taken locality-label. The assertion of Mr. Edwards that the type of P. mingo was taken in Kanawha County is the great obstacle to such a conclusion. Still it is possible that Mr. Edwards was mistaken also. Elwes in his recent Revision of the Oriental Hesperiidz, published in the Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, Vol. XIV, p. 254, gives the synonymy of the species. I reproduce it here, intercalat- ing the additional synonyms of American origin: Telicota dara Kollar. Flesperia dara KOLUAR, Hugel’s Kaschmir. Vol. IV, p. 455 (1848). Flesperia omtha WN. H. EDWARDS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vol. II, p. 21 (1863). Pamphila mesa Moork, P. Z. S., 1865, p. 509, Pl. XXV, fig. 9. Hesperia mingo W. WH. EpwaArpbs, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vol. VI, p. 207 (1866). at Famphila flava MuRRAY, Ent. Mo. Mag. XII, p. 4 (1875). Pamphila nitida MABILLE, Pet. Nouv. II, p. 114 (1877). Pamphila taxilus MABILLE, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. XXI, p. 38 (1878). Carterocephalus omaha STRECKER, Butt. and Moths of N. A. p. 175 (1878). Pamphila trachala MABILLE, Pet. Nouv. II, p. 237 (1878). Pamphila mesoides BUTLER, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Ser. 2, Zool. Vol. I, p. 554 (1879). Padraona mesoides MOORE, Lep. Ceylon, I, p. 171, Pl. LXXI, figs. 5, 5a (18381) Carterocephalus omaha EDWARDS, Butt, N. A. Appendix (1884). Telicota masoides DISTANT, Rhop. Malay. p. 383, Pl. XXXIV, fig. 24 (1886). Padraona pseudomesa Moore, Lep. Ceylon, I, p. 170 (1881). Padraona dara WATSON, Hesp. Ind. p. 57 (1891). Padraona dara LEECH, Butt. China etc. p. 596, pl. XL, figs 13, 14, vars. (1891). March, 1898.] HoLuaNnD: NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA. 59 Pamphila heterus MABILLE, Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. III, no. 31, p. 72 (1883). Pamphila heterus STAUDINGER, Iris, II, p. 145 (1889). Padraona heterus SEMPER, Schmett. Philipp. p. 303, Pl. XLIX, fig. 15, ? (1892). Whether all of the several forms thus merged under Zedicota dara Kollar, are positively identical may perhaps be questioned a little, but of the identity of Z. omaha, with the form described as P. m@soides by Butler there is not a shadow of doubt. Mr. Elwes, in his revision of the Hesperiidze of the Oriental Region referred to in the foregoing paragraph, describes as a new species a Zed:- cota to which he gives the name of szmplex (Cf. p. 253, Pl. XIX, Fig. 15, ¢). This is the same species which I described in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. XXV, p. 79, Pl. IV, fig. 4, under the name Ze“icota subrubra. I do not much wonder that from the wretched figure I gave, Elwes was unable to make out the species, and I am thankful to him for having given so good a figure. Of course, his name sinks asa synonym. Had he noted my description and asked for information as he did in reference to some other species, I might have helped him to avoid the error. His work is a splendid contribu- tion to our knowledge of the subject, and minor errors of this sort are likely to occur in the case of the most careful student. Much has been written concerning Limenitis floridensis Strecker, and Limenitis eros W. H. Edwards. The latter author insists upon the distinctness of his species from that named by Strecker. I cannot agree with him. With the type of Z. evos before me, and after having carefully examined the insect named ZL. floridensis by Strecker, I am sure of the identity of the two. Strecker’s name has priority. What is Zeuzera canadensis Herrich-Schaeffer? Under this name the distinguished lepidopterist of Ratisbon named and figured a species of Zeuzera, which, he informs us, came from ‘‘ Quebeck”’ (s¢c), From the time of the publication of his plate to this present hour no such insect has turned up on American soil. I recently purchased, while in London, a set of a Zewzera from Natal, which is undoubtedly the insect figured by Cramer as WVoctuwa asylas (Pap. Exot., Pl. 137, fig. C). Is not this species of Cramer the same as the one figured by Herrich- Schaeffer? It looks to me as if possibly Z. canadensis might be an African form, and that we are dealing in this case again with a mistaken locality-label. Quien sabe ? * *T was tempted to drop a line to Dr. A. G. Butler of the British Museum re- questing him to confer with Sir George F. Hampson and let me know whether my 60 JourNaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ~_ [Vol. VI. REPLY TO DR. DYAR’S NOTE. By A. RADCLIFFE GROTE. In reply to Dr. Dyar’s note, this Journal, V, 66, I would state that,. having no preparations of the larve, I may have failed to follow en- tirely Dr. Dyar’s remarks and any misstatement of them has arisen in this way. I would suggest that Dr. Dyar figure them in outline as I have done with the neuration. I consider the ‘‘stinging spines’”’ as. adaptive, secondary characters, unfit for classificatory purposes of this. nature and not decisive of phylogeny. With regard to the anal tuber- cle, Dr. Dyar regards it as primary—of this I cannot judge, but natur-_ ally accept this dicta. And thisis the only main point. I regard the pat-- tern of neuration as ‘‘ primary ’’ and that it unites, in one phylogenetic group, Hemileuca and Saturnia and Automeris and Agta. As to other characters, the structure of the female antennze appears to fall in very well with my classification as also the specializations of the pupal en- velop. This whole case seems to converge into: anal tubercles vs. pat- tern of neuration. It is a test case and should be settled before we go any further. It appears to me a physiological impossibility that Agia should be derived from the Saturnian branch or that Memzteuca should be derived from the Aglian stem. From his point of view Dr. Dyar thinks the reverse and hence a settlement of the controversy, which should not be suffered to run into side issues, is very desirable. surmise as to the identity of Z. canadensis, H. S. with Z. asy/as of Cramer met with their approval. I have just received the following reply contained in a letter written, January Ist, 1898. ‘¢ As desired, we have looked into the identity of Zeuzera asylas Cram. and Z, canadensis H. Sch., and have come to the conclusion that you are quite correct in the belief that both figures represent the same African species. We have nothing ap- proaching it from any temperate country and all the species of this type appear to be: inhabitants of the tropical parts of the old world.’’ I accept it then as established that Zeazera canadensis H. Sch. is a synonym for Z. asylas Cram., and the species should be stricken from our lists of North American. species. Herrich-Schaefer’s locality ‘‘ Quebeck’’ was evidently an error. POmwiIR NAT, Deo Bork @ntomological Society, Pov oe. JUNE, 1808 Ree a oe STUDIES IN THE PTINIDZ, CIOIDZ AND SPHIN- DIDZZ OF AMERICA. By Tuos. L. Casey. The term ‘‘America,’’ in the above title, is employed to designate that portion of the American continent embraced within the boundaries of the United States. There should be no more ambiguity in designat- ing the United States of America as America simply, than in calling the United States of Brazil, or the United States of Colombia by the last word of their respective titles. It may perhaps be considered egotistical for us to appropriate to ourselves the name characterizing the continents of the western hemisphere, but as we have no other title to distinguish us among the numerous aggregates of united states which compose these continents, there is no reasonable motive for avoiding the apparent conceit. PTINIDA. PTILININI. The insects of this tribe form an appropriate introduction to the Bostrichinz, for they are evidently a connective bond with the Anobiini. Our species have not been studied for many years. We have two genera as follows :— Antennz strongly flabellate in the male, serrate in the female,........... Ptilinus Antenne slender and feebly serrate in the male, shorter and somewhat stouter but rather more strongly serrate in the female.................- Euceratocerus The eyes are rather larger and more convex in Huceratocerus than in /rilinus, but are much smaller in the female than in the male. Select- ing the apparent males by this character I have been unable to observe any pectination of the male antenna in A/evradlis, though it may exist in horni, of which I have not seen the male. 62 JourNaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. Ptilinus Geof. The long slender pubescent appendages of the male antenna are not an extreme development of the usual serriform structure, but project from the base of the joints, the joints themselves being slender and some- times cylindrical. In the female, however, the joints are prolonged out- wardly and in an obliquely anterior direction, forming a truly and quite strongly serriform antenna. The males differ from the females not only in the structure of the antennze but in the much denser sculpture of the entire body, and frequently to a very great degree in the form of the prothorax. In the following table of the species included within my cabinet, all the discriminating characters refer to the female, except in the case of flavifennis, of which the only known example is a male :— Color uniform throughout or very nearly, the elytra not paler,............ oddoo & Golor‘blackish; the felytra flavate:'.5..2...<10.c/o> aint showtse seer saeco aS 2—Prothorax sinuate at the sides subapically, the apex more or less prominent in a roundedsonmtecblyssinuadtes lobe wee niaerne tease taser Teenie errata 3 Prothorax arcuately oblique subapically, the apex angulate and slightly prominent 6 Prothorax broadly and evenly arcuate at apex, feebly sinuate in the middle,..... 7 3—Elytra distinctly punctured only toward the base, the punctures nearly obselete toward tip; thoracic lobe feebly and evenly crenulate. California. .basalis Lec. Elytrai distinetly punctured thiroushout -.'s2).. (1: saciid 2 aloes see ene 4 4—Thoracic lobe narrowly rounded and with a few closely approximate serrules at tips Rennsylvaniaytowindianaw erm cr ee ie eee ruficornis Say Thoracic lobe broadly rounded, with a feeble cuspiform emargination and minutely andevenly serrulate throughout |< 272 .cy nce clei ios oieke ie e e 5 5—Scutellum elongate, finely and densely rugose ; epipleurze gradually wider at base. female.—Body rather stout, cylindrical, dark piceo-castaneous in color through- out, the legs scarcely, the antennze much, paler; lustre rather dull, the pubes. cence very short and dense on the elytra. Head convex, minutely and densely granulate, the transverse frontal impression distinct. Prothorax distinctly wider than long, widest at about the middle, narrowed slightly to the base, rapidly and just visibly sinuate to the apical lobe ; surface minutely and densely granulose toward base, more coarsely, sparsely and irregularly so toward apex, the median line finely impressed. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, equal in width to the prothorax, minutely and densely subgranulose in texture, with the punctures rather strong, sparse and distinct, feebler toward tip, where they are more dis- tinctly intermingled with small granules and the ground lustre is more shining. Length 4.0 mm.; width 1.5 mm. Nebraska...... ........ lobatus, sp. nov. Scutellum quadrate, coarsely rugose; epipieurze rapidly wider at base, d/ale.—Cy- lindrical, opaque, black, the legs scarcely paler, the antennze pale rufous, the rami infuscate; pubescence extremely minute and not very conspicuous. Head conyex, dull, minutely subgranulose, the eyes convex, separated on the front by about four times their own width, Prothorax about a third wider than long broadly, evenly arcuate at base, gradually narrowed and arcuate at the sides from June, 1898.] CasrEy: NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 63 the broadly rounded basal angles to the apex, the latter much narrower than the base and evenly and more strongly arcuate; surface densely granulato-rugose throughout, the median line very fine and subobsolete. Elytra three-fifths longer than wide, rather wider than the prothorax and much more than twice as long, very densely granulato-rugose and opaque, the punctures distinct throughout, with about two impressed series along the lateral margin, esa/le,—A little larger and paler in color than the male, with more shining elytra, upon which there are more distinct traces on each of three or four feeble ridges. Prothorax larger, fully as wide as the elytra, rounded at the sides, widest just behind the mid- dle, the surface more sparsely and decidedly granose toward tip. Elytra scarcely three-fifths longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax, Length 3.0-3.5 Mme swidthit. tr. 2 mam, Indiana. 2... Painters pruinosus, sp, nov. 6—Elytral punctures only distinct near the base, where they are fine. /eszale,— Evenly cylindrical, piceous, the legs and antennze paler; pubescence very short, even, extremely dense, yellowish in color and conspicuous on the elytra; lustre rather shining. Head evenly convex, minutely granulato-rugose, the epistomal impression small and rather feeble. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate; apex broadly and evenly ogival; surface mi- nutely granulose, becoming nearly smooth at the sides toward base, the granules coarse and pronounced toward apex except laterally. Scutellum quadrate, feebly conyex, dull. Elytra fully three-fourths longer than wide, about twice as long as the prothorax, smooth and alutaceous, without trace of impressed lines at any part. Abdomen rather convex, the second segment somewhat longer than the first. Length 2.8-4.0 mm.; width 0,9-1.4 mm, California (Sta. Cruz Mts.). acuminatus, sp. nov. 7—Elytra with fine, even and somewhat impressed strize in both sexes. J/ale.— Cylindrical, blackish, the elytra generally a little paler; legs and antennz pale, the flabellum infuscate; surface dull, the humeral callus more shining. Head short, inserted to the eyes which are well developed and strongly convex; sur- face but feebly convex, densely scabrous and opaque; antennal joints very short, the rami very long and slender. Prothorax a little shorter than wide, parallel and straight at the sides, broadly and evenly rounded in apical third or fourth, with a minute sinus at the middle; surface coarsely, densely and roughly gran- ulato-scabrous throughout the width, becoming much more finely so and smoother toward base. Scutellum moderate, subquadrate. Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, a little more than twice as long as the prothorax and rather wider, densely dull and finely granulato-rugose, the second and fifth intervals uniting and rather convex near the declivity, the ninth also becoming broader and slightly convex behind. ea/e——Rather shining and dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the prothorax similar in form but rather shorter and fully as wide as the elytra, with the rugulosities more distinct and isolated, nearly smooth toward base, the head more elongate, narrower and with the eyes small and distant from the pro- thorax; elytra rather flattened on the posterior declivity, with the intervals slightly uneven. Length 30-4.2 mm. width 0.9-1.4 mm. California (Sta. Cruz Mts)...... Sdeic cAgeh ae fat Bist ie oriticgen coe ramicornis, sp. nov. 8—Elytra with rather strong punctures unevenly arranged throughout. Ma/e.— Cylindrical, blackish and opaque, the elytra flavate and less dull; legs paler, the 64 JournaL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGIGAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. antennze pale flavate; pubescence short, fine and moderately distinct. Head rather short, inserted nearly to the eyes, which are well developed and very con- vex; surface moderately convex, dull and subscabrous; antennze moderate in length, the rami unusually.short and gradually thickened from their bases, the ramus of the fourth joint three times as long as the joint. Prothorax distinctly shorter than wide, the outline broadly parabolic from the base continuously around the apex, the sides becoming almost parallel near the base, which is broadly arcuate, finely margined toward the middle ; surface densely granulato- scabrous, larger individual granules but slightly evident toward tip. Scutellum longer than wide, dull, obtuse at tip as usual, Elytra three-fourths longer than wide, twice as long at the prothorax and scarcely wider, the punctures equally visible throughout, rather large but sparse and with but the vaguest suggestion of lineal arrangement. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.8 mm. California (Los Anigeles” Coa Mxasas ai ae severe omens oye ste enceeesredaree flavipennis, sp. nov. The female in this genus generally has a short acute transverse ridge near the apex of the last ventral segment, but in ramzcornis the fifth seg- ment is simple in that sex, having merely a very small and shallow im- pression at the apex. The male usually has the fifth ventral simple or slightly more convex at the apex, where it is broadly and evenly rounded. Acuminatus is represented before me by seven females varying greatly in size, and the male is apparently rare; on the other hand ramuicornis is represented by nine specimens, only two of which are females. Z/o- racicus Rand., is not known to me at present and is therefore omitted from the table. Euceratocerus Lec. The fifth ventral segment is generally impressed in the female of Zv- ceratocerus and is rather shorter than in the male, where it is simple. The species are all elongate and subcylindrical, though rather less con- vex than in /¢z/nus, the head minutely and densely granulose, the pro- thorax less minutely and very clearly and evenly granulate throughout the disk, but rather more densely at the summit of the more convex median parts near the base. The elytra have very fine, scarcely im- pressed strize, which extend nearly to the apex in orzz, and that species. is well distinguished from any of the California representatives by the two basal impressions of the pronotum. ‘The species are very much more closely allied among themselves than those of /¢z/nus, and the - male appears to be very rare in comparison with the female. The four species in my cabinet may be identified as follows from the female :— Basal joint of the hind tarsi very much shorter than the entire remainder, the second joint relatively more elongate; pronotum impressed at each side near the basal margin; elytra more elongate ; eyes separated by rather less than three times. their ownlwidth., | Wexasiye. > ane aac erties Anan So sehoau obo horni Zec. June, 1898 ] Casey: NortH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 65 Basal joint but slightly shorter than the entire remainder, the second joint relatively much shorter; pronotum not impressed sublaterally at base................ 2 2—Pleural sulcus below the humeri deep and strongly marked; elytra twice as long as wide; eyes separated by evidently more than three times their own width. Body rather stout, the elytra subdilated near the tip, blackish-piceous above, the legs and antennze dark rufous or rufo-piceous; surface feebly shining, the pubescence extremely short, pale, dense and conspicuous on the elytra. Head short, inserted to the eyes, dull, the epistomal impression well marked. Pro- thorax three-fifths wider than long, rounded at apex, the sides thence strongly di- verging and feebly sinuate, becoming parallel and broadly rounded in basal half; basal angles rounded. Elytra twice as long as wide, more than three times as long as the prothorax and fully as wide, a little wider at apical third ; humeral angles rounded. Length 3.7-4.5 mm.; width 1.3-1-7 mm. California (Sta. PU SUNIES ) Ueteriaraicials’ aie esslordei se eare'e'e:s Hecate cisteraneteue thet pleuralis, sp. nov. RIPE rAlGSOICUS MALrOW aNd feeble res scares caieiet aie eels 6_alecetajale eile slam cies = seiebel eae 3 3—Elytra fully twice as long as wide; eyes small, separated by fully four times their own width. Body very slender, nearly as in A/euralzs but narrower, the elytra not distinctly wider behind and fully three and one-half times as long as the pro- thorax, the latter nearly similar in outline but still more transverse, the sides be- coming parallel in less than basal half, with the median line similarly finely im- pressed anteriorly. Length 2.9 mm.; width 1.0mm, California (locality not PUMUTLacLCCLS\Wteeiays’ <"c/atcieneicich sfolsieis’ ova; tele a) essnayeiaie' are sielevereislbvar us macer, sp. nov. Elytra much shorter, three-fourths longer than wide; eyes more convex and better developed, separated by three times their own width. Body suboblong, moder- ately convex, dull, blackish, almost similar throughout to péewralis but shorter, the prothorax relatively rather smaller and the elytra much shorter, not distinctly dilated subapically, and with the minute subgranuliform rugulosity still finer and the pubescence a little denser, the fine strize distinct to the summit of the convex declivity. ~The hind tarsi are longer than in Aleuralis. Length 3.4 mm.; width 1.25mm, California (locality not indicated). .saginatus, sp. nov. The descriptions are derived throughout from the female, the only male accessible to me being one of the four examples of fleuwrals. This male is very much smaller and narrower than the female, with the eyes better developed and separated by slightly more than twice their own width; the prothorax is more transverse and almost semicircular. in outline from the base around the apex, near which it is perhaps more correctly broadly parabolic; the last ventral segment is simple, rounded ta apex and not quite as long as the two preceding combined; the an- tennz do not differ essentially in structure from those of the female, but are rather more slender. BostTRICHINI. The genera of Bostrichini have not been considered in their mutual relationships for twenty years, when a review of them was published by Dr. Horn, I find it necessary to increase the genera recognized by. 66 JourNaL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. — [Vol. VI. that author by five, the species hitherto placed in Scnoxylon being quite heterogeneous and in no single instance truly a member of that genus. Sinoxylon dinoderoides, Amphicerus fortis and Dinoderus brevis are also types of distinct genera. The genus proposed for the last named species is called Fafea in the table. The genera known thus far may be thus distinguished :— Tarsi long, with the last joint relatively shorter, the second joint usually elongate ; claws and tibial spurs stouter, grooved beneath, the edges of the groove minutely — en ElC A > An oen Baoonee GOHeoGanD GAOL GsoucnCnOasooguoGuECRocKcoNg ys: 2 Tarsi short, the four basal joints subequal among themselves and together nearly equal to the fifth; clawssmallerand more slender, not at all crenulate within, .9 2—Funicular joints of the antennz very short and closely united, together never longer than the first joint of the club, the latter long, loose and strongly com- PTESSE Riese wins tek hale se eg who's Suevaie terezie cimtecauberc beg atese cs lereletols cee cucyar etek neat 3 Funicular joints more elongate and less closely united, together generally much longerthan the first jomtof the club) esse eee mee aeerr Bese poss Aan. 6 Z—ainiciomell Glial) sSyonate. ooscccnosdaccnn0a00c sebsvavevouvolsve ayelier sist nrcteyeveket ann Rerede 4 Antennal club 4-jointed........ LOO is BE nl IBS neat cAMP es. . Tetrapriocera 4—Antennz 10-jointed, the elytral declivity with well-marked spines or tubercles. .5 Antennze 9-jointed, the elytral declivity without spines or tubercles at the sides, or with very rudimentary tuberculiform irregularities, excavated near the suture, the latter with a spiniform elevation; antennal club moderate in development, its joints decreasing in width and only very feebly serriform ..... Xylopertha 5—Antennal club moderately developed, its first and second joints nearly similar in form; selytral declivitySexspinase \aa-ie eee eee arene Xylobiops Antennal club greatly elongated, its first and second joints dissimilar in form, the former more or less outwardly produced at apex; elytral declivity quadritubercu- TOS GEA bie oa eee tee ho) Ane cerca CROP PE Bucher cyeroretnotare Dendrobiella © ° 6—Joints of the antennal club strongly compressed and deeply bistriate from the ap- ical margin; front simply tumid; hind angles of the prothorax rounded. Amphicerus Joints of the antennal club strongly compressed but not striate, the two sensitive patches near the apices of the joints rounded and feebly marked; front lamellarly promi- nent behind the clypeus ; hind angles of the prothorax not rounded... Apatides )! Joints of the antennal club but feebly compressed and generally quite convex, the first two more or less transverse, with the twosensitive patches rounded and sub- apicall;s front notitransverselysprominente ene ee meeenmiceiaeseeeenieeeeericrns 7 7—Tibiz dentate externally; claws abruptly bent at base, not distinctly crenulate ; SIZERVEhyalancie meena may araloverti are Ber ites te bevatsee s iS ahelalat sree peaaeieeee Dinapate . Tibize not dentate; claws evenly arcuate; size moderate or small................ 8 8—Front margined at the sides; eyes well developed ....... Paes Bostrichus Bront@motimarcineds comvexsmey.es sia lysine ite eee Micrapate 9—Antennz with the two basal joints relatively smaller, the funicle well developed ; club rather short, 3-jointed. Antennze Io-jointed ; body elongate, the head exserted....... ....--Dinoderus Antennz I1-jointed; body short and stout; head deeply inserted......... Patea June, 1898.] Casey: NorTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 67 In Zetrapriocera and Fatea the antennz are 11-jointed. In all the others they are 1o-jointed, except in Xy/ofertha and in one species of Bostrichus, where they have but ninejoints. Zetrapriocera /ongicornis (= schwarzi Horn) is the only known species of that genus. <y/ofer- tha is confined, as might be expected, to the subsiberian fauna of the Pacific coast, where it is represented by didentata, declivis and suturatts, hitherto placed in Szzoxy/on, which genus has the two basal joints of the antennal clubshort and transverse. Xy/odcofs is proposed for the Szwoxy- lon basillare, texanum, sextuberculatum and floridanum of the present lists. Dénapate wrighit, the type and only known species of the genus, is the largest bostrichid known; it will probably soon become extinct by reason of the destruction of its food-plant for commercial purposes. Dendrobiella, gen. nov. This genus inhabits the warmer parts of the North American con- tinent and also the West Indies; the species known to me may be iden- tified by the following characters :— Elytral punctures distinct throughout the disk, except at the sides, where they are obso- lete, finer toward base, coarser posteriorly to the brink of the declivity, the latter smooth and impunctured as usual throughout the genus. Larger species, 5.5-6 mm. in length, blackish in color........... sericans Lec. Smaller species, 4 mm. in length, rufo-piceous in color,.... quadrispinosa Lec. Elytral punctures rather fine and sparse but distinct toward base, becoming wholly obsolete toward the declivity. A/z/e.—Head well developed, the surface flat- tened, polished, nude and finely, sparsely punctulate, bituberculose at the base of the vertex; eyes moderate, very prominent; antennz pale, longer than the width of the head, the first seven joints together scarcely longer than the first joint of the club, the tenth joint long and narrow. Prothorax wider than long, slightly narrowed anteriorly, broadly truncate at apex, the sides becoming parallel be- hind the middle ; apical asperities moderately coarse and obtuse at the sides ; disk polished, finely, subimbricately punctulate toward the middle in more than basal half. Elytra shining, the pubescence rather long, fine, decumbent, fulvous and conspicuous ; apical truncature flat and shining, the tubercles moderate, the lower more obtuse. Female.—Smaller than the male but nearly similar, except that the head is smaller, more convex, less shining, feebly convex, punctured, pubes- cent and devoid of tubercles. Length 4.3-50 mm.; width 1.75-21 mm. Es 2S (VEG IE) ARR one ed ao.q dbo nce toe ecat on pubescens, sp. nov. Elytral punctures wholly obsolete, being feebly traceable only very near the base. Male.—Head moderate, flattened, becoming concave behind the frontal margin, minutely, sparingly puberulent, slightly shining, finely and rather closely punctu- late throughout; two small tubercles of the vertex on a transverse Jine through the posterior limits of the eyes; antennce but little longer than the width of the head, nearly as in Judescens. Prothorax much wider than long, feebly narrowed in 68 JournaL New YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. apical half, very broadly truncate at apex, the apico-lateral serrules acute, about three in number ; sculpture nearly as in pubescens, except that the disk is finely, sparsely punctulate toward base, without trace of imbricate sculpture. Elytra smooth, conspicuously pubescent; apical tubercles small and rather feeble, Length 5.0 mm.; width 2.0mm. Island of Jamaica...... sublzvis, sp. nov. It is probable that pudescens is the species identified as serzcuns by Gorham in the ‘‘ Biologia.”’ Amphicerus Zec. This is a rather large and important genus among our bostrichids, not at all closely allied to Afafe as is said to be the case by Mr. Gor- ham in the ‘‘ Biologia,’”’ the two differing radically in the form of the antennal club among other characters. The species known to me are as follows :— Elytra deeply margined:atvapex. 1s sa qime ssic ielercscreieis ie sreicia sreie restorer eres eee 2 Elytra not strongly margined at apex, smaller species, brown or testaceous in color, with the sculpture toward the base of the pronotum less broadly granulose and. TOES MEMAKY MIBIEOSSs Gocooncoc ceceus HoHoooGOoobOOOUoOehUCo Sob uOEHe dacs 7 2—Elytra 4-tuberculate at the summit of the apical declivity, less distinctiy so in the female; body generally black throughout............ Be aso. a3 Elytra bituberculate at the summit of the apical declivity, rudimentarily so in the fe: male; color dark brown, the elytra less coarsely punctate................-- 6 3—Pubescence of the elytra wanting or not distinguishable under low power...... 4 Pubescence of the elytra conspicuous but decumibent..............++c0++sseeeen 5 4—Elytra of the female more elongate, distinctly more than twice as long as wide, with coarse and close-set punctures. Southern Texas to Honduras. : punctipennis Zec. Elytra of the female distinctly shortér, about twice as long as wide, with smaller and sparser punctures. /eale.—Body cylindrical, black, polished and glabrous. Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, with the eyes rather large, very cun- vex and prominent; vertex transversely tumid and pubescent; sculpture coarsely granulato-rugose ; antennze as Jong as the width of the head, dark rufo- piceous. Prothorax as long as wide, parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides, narrowed and serrate at the sides anteriorly, the apex sinuato-truncate, with the apical teeth small; surface coarsely asperato-granose anteriorly, smooth with flattened contiguous tubercles posteriorly. Elytra more than twice as long as the prothorax and a little wider, the punctures coarser and closer toward the sides and strongly and coarsely confluent on the apical declivity; tubercles rudiment- ary. Abdomen with whitish pubescence, minutely and densely punctulate, with coarse punctures interspersed. Length 12.0 mm.; width 4.0mm. Texas (Gal- WESEOM!)' /s Le <xaraycheca/ sale tuskefalsieriontc tales see eee Re maritimus, sp. nov. 5—emale.—Body very slender, cylindrical, shining, black with a feeble piceous tinge. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes very convex and prominent; vertex moderately tumid, the surface granulato rugose with a smooth June, 1898. ] Casey: NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 69 median spot posteriorly; antennz rather stout, not quite as long as the width of the head. Prothorax obviously shorter than wide, narrowed somewhat from very near the base, more rapidly and arcuately and with moderate serrules an- teriorly, the apical sinuation narrow with the teeth small; surface coarsely as- perato-tuberculate anteriorly, smoother in basal two thirds, the sculpture becom- ing coarsely subimbricate in the middle toward base, with the surface shining and the median line finely impressed. Elytra much more than twice as long as wide, nearly three times as long as the prothorax and just visibly wider, the punctures coarse and close-set, subserial in arrangement, coarse, contiguous and subconfluent on the declivity, the tubercles feeble, especially the inner. Abdo- men finely punctulate, pubescent, the scattered larger punctures rather small. Legs quite slender. Length g.o mm.; width 2.5 mm, Kansas, Iowa and INP ALON Ae eles e's aie vuletes cit efeve'ss o's 3 Se ohoodouDaOod. gracilis, sp. nov. 4—Dubescence distinct, decumbent. Satcall: series rather impressed, the suture ele- vated on the declivity. Head rather small, the eyes moderate in size. Elytral punctures not serial in arrangement, but with traces of three fine raised lines. Jn Uae aC eiGeSs | RSE Suse yaqucaon oun DoS aOunouORobos bicaudatus Say. 7—Prothorax emarginate at apex, fully as long as wide and with the usual terminal teeth of the lateral series. /Z/a/e.—Rather stout, cylindrical, shining, dark testa- ceous-brown in color; antennz pale; surface virtually glabrous. Head moderate, nearly two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, broadly, almost evenly convex, with a large median impunctate area; transverse impression behind the clypeus deep and distinct; eyes small and but moderately prominent; antennze fully as long as the width of the head. Prothorax fully as long as wide, the sides broadly arcuate, becoming parallel only very near the base, converging anteriorly where the ser- rules are prominent and close-set in less than apical half; apex narrowly sinuate. surface tuberculose anteriorly, becoming smooth and polished in basal half and almost sculptureless toward the sides but sparsely imbricato-strigose toward the middle. Elytra short, one-half longer than wide, equal in width to the pro- thorax, strongly but not very closely, confusedly punctate, more closely but scarcely coalescently behind, the declivity very steep, more convex at each side above but not tuberculate, the suture elevated. Abdomen finely, strongly and densely punctulate,the scattered coarser punctures not visible,the pubescence even, decumbent and rather dense; last segment shorter than any of the preceding. Hind tarsi very much longer than the tibie. Length 6.7 mm; width 2.2 mm. RANGE EIS © )reparatelsis tei mies lelaleielaye ale st) sielnis cleldeleia ay grandicollis, sp. nov. Prothorax truncate at tip, with the angles obtuse and rounded, without trace of pro- BESSESIi oer Vogereiutaye ele) J'aNeL<'s Me se oleteav ot oho ater steer) tet oPoi of ahateliny = ofa oye) otolepeie eee lots ef 8 8—Larger species, the prothorax much wider than long and trapezoidal in form; Female.—Rather slender, cylindrical, shining, subglabrous, dark rufo-testaceous in color, Head well developed, nearly three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the surface granose throughout, tumid posteriorly, the epistomal suture just be- yond the middle of the length and impressed toward the middle, the epistoma large; eyes very large, convex and prominent; antennze obviously shorter than the width of the head, with the club relatively very long, the five joints of the funicle together barely equal in length to its first joint. Prothorax much wider than long, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate nearly to the middle, then 70 JouRNAL NEw YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. strongly convergent to the truncate apex, the latter not visible from above but narrow and feebly sinuate ; declivity coarsely asperate above, smoother near the apex, subserrate laterally, the teeth not extending to the apex; basal half rather dull in lustre and with short strigiform lines not densely placed. Elytra about twice as long as wide, between two and three times as long as the prothorax and rather wider, rather coarsely, deeply and irregularly but uniformly and quite densely punctate, very densely and perforately so behind, the declivity moder- ately steep, more convex at each side but not tuberculate, the suture elevated. Abdomen closely punctulate, the pubescence moderately abundant. Tarsi very long. Length 6.5-7.0 mm.; width 2.0-2.2mm. Texas (El Paso), brevicollis, sp. nov. Small species, 4.5-5.5 mm. in length, the protnorax as broad as long. Body elongate, cylindrical, sparsely clothed with moderately long semi-erect hair; elytra coarsely and’ seriately punctate; under surface sparsely punctate. California. (ort uinta, ete ial akc. goer aerate See ereahcue saueataies .....teres Hori Grandicollis is described from what appears to be the male, but the eyes are very small when compared with those of dreuvicollis, of which the four homogeneous examples before me seem to be females ; both of these species and probably ¢eres also, which I have not seen, have the funicle of the antennz much shorter than in the others; in granidicollis the five joints together are however quite distinctly longer than the first joint of the club; in drevicol/’s they are barely as long as. the first joint but do not have the closely crowded structure observed in Stnoxylon and Tetrapriocera. In brevicollis there are a few erect hairs. observable near the sides of the elytra especially behind, but otherwise the surface is glabrous and the punctures are only feebly subseriate in arrangement. Apatides, gen. nov. This genus is amply distinct from Amphicerus in the characters of the table. | We have the following three species :— Inner margin of the epipleurze continuous and obliquely ascending at base to the humeral angles in the female; basal angles of the prothorax acute and promi- nent; head and abdomen finely punctate, the former slightly tumid or subcari- nate along the middle toward the frontal margin. Lower California and California (Yuma) ae. ce. k a dtlsn cl seated en dieaed: com unde dares fortis Zec. - Inner margin of the epipleurze discontinuous at base in the female, basal angles of the prothorax not at all rounded but at the same time not distinctly prominent, the surface lessiimpressed before: the*anplesiy 2245. 4c see eee ee z 2—Vertex gradually ascending to the prominent frontal margin, finely and sparsely punctate, the abdomen minutely punctulate throughout; thoracic processes separated by rather more than a third of the total width. d/a/e.—Head three- fifths as wide as the prothorax, the latter nearly as long as wide, with the June, 1898.] Casty: NortH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. rQ apical processes long and obliquely convergent; surface with the usual isolated tubercles toward base. Elytra twice as long as wide, just visibly wider than the prothorax, the apical declivity flattened, becoming alutaceous in lustre and almost impunctate toward the suture, which is elevated emadle,—Similar to the male but larger, with the thoracic processes short and parallel, the elytra rather more than twice as long as wide and more distinctly wider than the pro- thorax, the apical declivity convex and coarsely perforato-punctate throughout, the suture moderately elevated. Length 13.0-15.5 mm.; width 4.3-5.1 mm. Texas) (Hl, Pas0)cice's.2 « ayeKora tye) skecclay ai oraterey ta eheratetete robustus, sp. nov. Vertex more tumid and convex, ess finely and quite strongly punctured throughout; abdomen strongly though sparsely punctured toward base ; thoracic processes more approximate, separated by but little more than a fourth of the total width. female,—Head moderate in size, the eyes very convex and prominent as usual, Prothorax not quite as long as wide, nearly as in rodzsfes but less devoid of sculpture toward the basal angles. Elytra not at all mcre than twice as long as wide, the apical declivity rather more convex at each side than in rodzs/us, steeper and a little less coarsely punctured. Abdomen polished as usual, the punctures becoming finer and denser toward apex. Length 12.5 mm.; width 4.3mm. Arizona (Locality not specified—Levette Cabinet. ) puncticeps, sp. nov. The male of fortis has the apical processes more convergent and longer than the female, but there seems to be no modification of the elytral declivity near the suture. Individuals vary much in size as usual in the Bostrichinz. Bostrichus Geof. The genus Sostrichus, as represented in America, differs remark- ably from Amphicerus in the structure of the antennal club, the joints. being short, subglobose, and with the sensitive spaces small and circu- lar ; it also differs in having the basal angles of the prothorax acute and prominent, but in that respect resembles Apatides, from which it differs in turn in the structure of the antennal club and frontal parts of the head. The following table comprises all the species known to me at present : — Prothorax narrowly and deeply sinuate at apex, with the limiting processes promi- nent and generally unciform ; elytra each with two ridges more or less distinct or interrupted,.... SEOUL SOD CEE SOG TOOT oO ODE E A Lore CRRA Ay OIE 2 Prothorax sinuato-truncate at apex, with the limiting angles acute and somewhat prominent; vestiture hair-like, decumbent and unevenly distributed; elytra without trace of ridges ; species smaller and more slender ................. 5 2—Hind tarsi fully as long as the tibize; unciform processes of the prothorax more PRLOMUMEN fee Atlan tle TESIONSs 2 4-5/9 develo eco eveiataineisleiviai aera cisiele selec sie cialsle e's 3 Hind tarsi shorter than the tibize ; unciform processes shorter, not differing in form Homathe, lateral sernilesi2 1; sciaieels)sleveras: nove aisle ois oie sfavaieh siete ctal Bah oie'e1 > oietal el 4 72 JourNAL NEw YoRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. 3—Vestiture of the elytra squamiform; inner ridge strong and continuous to the apical declivity ...... Sd atti ote een Narcan erate sai sretclenshevererenree bicornis Wed. Vestiture more hair-like and still more unevenly disposed in clusters; inner ridge feeble and much interrupted, the outer almost obsolete ...... . -armiger Lec. 4—FElytral vestiture long and hair-like, very sparse and almost evenly disposed; ridges fine, feeble and subobsolete ............ sooonees californicus Horz 5—Antenne Io-jointed as usual........ pefeniete AGU SHOON aS truncaticollis Lec. Antennz 9g-jointed. Evenly cylindrical, black, the antennze and tarsi paler; vesti- ture coarsely hair-like, fulvous in color, dense and conspicuous, somewhat un- even on the elytra but much less nucleated than in ¢rzncaticollis. Head moderate, opaque, pubescent, the eyes well developed; antennz as long as the width of the head, the funicle 4-jointed. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, roughly tuberculose, pubescent, the basal angles acutely prominent; median line somewhat depressed. Elytra slightly wider than the prothorax, two and one-half times as long as wide, coarsely, densely, unevenly punctured and finely tuberculose. Legs rather short and slender, the hind tarsi longer than the tibice. Length 6.4 mm.; width 1.8mm. New Jersey (Woodbury). angustus, sp. nov. In the males the elytral apices are minutely spinulose throughout, but there is very little sexual difference otherwise, except that the male is generally smaller and with the elytra less elongate. It will probably prove necessary to generically separate the American species of Bostri- chus from the European forms, when the family is monographed as a whole. Micrapate, gen. nov. This genus is founded upon the Szzoxylon dinoderoides of Horn, and its allied species, and I have ventured to include also the SS. sémplex of that author, although the size is so much greater that renewed obser- vation would possibly disclose some divergencies of a generic nature. I should have been disposed to refer the specimens described above under the name Amphicerus brevicollis to S. simplex, were it not for the fact that the basal parts of the pronotum are said to be ‘‘ densely punctate,’’ which language it would be impossible to apply to Jrevicollis, where the sculpture of that part consists of short, isolated and longitudinal raised lines, asin the Amphicerus teres of Horn. It is a peculiarity of JZ- crapate that the basal parts of the pronotum are truly and simply punc- tate, and not in any way asperate, granose or tuberculose. Our species ‘are as follows :— Prenotum less densely or rather sparsely punctured toward base; size much smaller, never maternally exceedingy zum nileng theses eee eee ieee Eronotumidensely, punctate itoward, base... 012 a. cemeteries Lees 2—Surface “ feebly shining ;” suture moderately and evenly elevated on the apical declivity, Arizona and Texas (Brownsville) ..........dinoderoides Aorz June. 1£08.] CasEY: NorTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. a!” INS Surface strongly shining; sutural elevation on the declivity strong, its summit for a short distance at the middle of the declivity, still more elevated, dilated and canaliculate. /emade.—Similar to @inoderotdes but smaller, the epistomal suture more deeply impressed and more remote from the apical margin. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, similar to dézoderoides but still more sparsely punctate toward base. Elytra rather coarsely, strongly punctured and very densely so, the punctures rather sparser toward the suture except on the declivity, but not as sparse as in adtzoderoides, the surface unevenly rugose by anteriorly oblique light. Under surface finely and densely punctulate, confluently soon the sterna. Length 3.4 mm.; width 1.15 mm, District of Columbia ..... cristicauda, sp. nov. 3—Size larger, 6.5 mm. in length. Body piceous, the elytra brownish; head opaque, tuberculate, the maxillary palpi with the last two joints equal; prothorax wider than long; elytra not wider than the prothorax, very coarsely and closely punc- tate, the punctures of the declivity coarser and denser, the sutural region slightly elevated, especially in the apical declivity. Body beneath moderately densely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Texas (southwestern) ......... simplex Horz I have here regarded the specimens recently taken by Mr. Wickham in the extreme southern part of Texas, near Brownsville, as represent- ing the true dnoderoides, but actual comparison will be necessary to. decide, as these examples are certainly strongly shining. Dinoderus S¢eph. The rather numerous species of this genus may be outlined in the table which follows. Pumnctatus and fruncatus are the only discordant elements after eliminating revs, and they may have to be separated at some future time. Apex of the elytra convex, the suture only very rarely somewhat prominent, the apical margin not concave or prominently margined; pubescence erect...... 2 Apex of the elytra more abruptly truncate, concave and prominently margined at tip; (DUDESISNTS CCIATIONE JOE GEN St wRog Jooscs n4oc pooeooGoOre perp aOnNt non 13 2—Pronotum with granuliform and separated tubercles toward base............ 3 Pronotum with flattened and generally subcontiguous tubercles toward base; side margins almost devoid of serrulation except at apex; body more cylindro- TORVIESS out 966 3855 5 ON OU DOM TOB TE OO Din COLO ORC OC USO OID ack the Corto. 8 B= By tra POMUSHECdrOr SION Ply SHINING), ys sistecreiie cia eis) eleleleie cle) slelele lates 0), sale, sie 4 Elytra opaque; color dark brown or blackish-piceous...............-++eeeeees 5 4—Elytra with very close-set perforate punctures, larger than the width of the in- tervals, the latter tuberculose; color dark brown throughout. Michigan, Can- AC AM AD Ce EULO DC Marcracian a tycisicie eicrs cide elettiniaiaies ori teeereeni .substriatus 7ay%. Elytra with less coarse and impressed punctures, not larger than the width of the intervals, the latter less elevated. and more feebly but distinctly tuberculose; color black or blackish. Head moderate, exserted, with a polished constriction at base as usual; surface subopaque, granulose, tre epistomal suture distinct ; apex sinuate; eyes small, convex; antennze stout, dark rufous, not as long as the fe: a JourNaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. width of the head. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, the apex broadly arcu- ate, the sides becoming parallel and feebly arcuate near the base, serrate through- out, rather strongly at the rounded basal angles and still more coarsely around the apex; base broadly lobed; surface with small, strong and isolated granules throughout, intermingled anteriorly with some larger sparse asperities. Scu- tellum small. Elytra not quite twice as long as wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax and slightly wider; surface with series of moderately coarse punc- tures, confused near the suture and smaller and less seriate on the flanks; inter- vals asperate; apex evenly convex, with the punctures confused and asperate. Abdomen shining, sparsely punctulato-rugose and finely, sparsely pubescent. Length 4.0-4.8 mm ; width 1.3-1.6 mm. California (Calaveras Co-), Colorado and Idaho (Cceur d’Aléne)....... ENC rake aleyeaaial eas eveletaiere pacificus, sp. nov. Elytra with less coarse and more impressed punctures, nearly as in paczficus and not larger than the width of the intervals, the latter perfectly even, polished and devoid of tubercles or asperities throughout. Body deep black, the erect hairs of the elytra rather short. Head dull, sparsely pubescent, the epistoma broadly sinuate. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, arcuately swollen toward base, broadly rounded and asperato-tuberculose at apex; disk granose toward base, Elytra slightly wider than the prothorax, rather short, four-fifths longer than wide, the punctures seriate in arrangement, densely confused near the suture, more broadly toward base, small and irregular in arrangement toward the side margins, the apical declivity evenly convex and not at all granulose though more closely and unevenly punctate. Abdomen shining, sparsely punctulate. Length 2.7-3.7 mm.; width 0.8-1.2mm, Wyoming (Laramie) and Arizona. sobrinus, sp. nov. 5—FElytral granules strong and well defined, arranged in even single series along the intenvalS yteryes ees ke rsnileielinseverel’s Fie. 01 aie wise el drete, | onath rue eloneyatenonte heehee yel nea 6 Elytral granules subobsolete except on the declivity, the punctured series contiguous, with the intervening ridges narrow and alternately slightly stronger. ........ 7 6—Elytra roughly and densely punctate on the declivity, the tuberculose intervals equal throughout, finely and confusedly on the flanks. Head short and transverse, granose, the basal constriction exposed as usual; eyes small; antennze short, the club paler; epistomal suture subobsolete. Prothorax slightly shorter than wide, nearly as in paczficus. Elytra not quite twice as long as wide, rather wider than the prothorax, the lustre dull, the sculpture coarse and rough, the punctures | of the series large, deep and approximate but circular and well defined, except at the sides. Abdomen minutely, sparsely punctulate, feebly pubescent. Length 4.0mm.; width 1.4mm, New Mexico(Fort Wingate)...asperulus, sp. nov. Elytra finely, evenly and strongly granose on the declivity; intervals separating the punctured series equal in elevation; punctures of the series coalescent and not well defined. Head short and transverse, finely granose, the labrum declivous, the eyes and antennze moderate. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, broadly rounded and strongly asperate anteriorly, the sides feebly diverging to the rounded and asperate basal angles; disk with the granules equal, strong and isolated toward base. Elytra but little wider than the prothorax, scarcely twice as long as wide, densely sculptured in even series, except near the suture and June, 1898.] CasEY: NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 75 more broadly on the flanks, the elevations polished. Length 5.2 mm.; width TOM NTIZONe a OCMEMIAN \i, ic ww se olnct cis ewes ss dtiels ne amplus, sp. noy. Elytra rather sparsely and strongly granose on the declivity ; intervals separating the punctured series alternating in prominence; punctures of the series subtrans- verse, subcoalescent and not well defined. North Carolina...porcatus Lec. 7—Punctures of the elytral series confluent, opaque and not well defined. Head transverse, opaque and granulose; eyes small; antennze short, dark rufous, the club not paler. Prothorax nearly as in paczficus, the tasal angles less rounded. _ Elytra about twice as long as wide, slightly wider than the prothorax and much more than twice as long; sculpture very dense, the surface densely opaque; erect hairs moderate in length, stiff and fulvous. Abdomen rather dull, finely, sparsely punctulate. Length 3.0-4.0 mm.; width 0.9-1.2 mm. Virginia ( Nor- OMG erp ahaa cts ata eiatiarese acccolate ease alssars) aiawie Tiel ea. Slee ears siavate ls opacus, sp. noy. 8—Elytral punctures confused in arrangement, at least toward the sides and suture. .9 Elytral punctures forming perfectly even series throughout the width, the intervals 2° GD), 156 oben S646 hott See eee Ob omc OOD OOIstGh do samc doco decode 12 9—Apical declivity of the elytra granulose, the punctures more close-set throughout. 10 Pee GE CLiVILyESIIM PLY PUNCtALEs «4 cin 5 s'ayo.sa'orse'w wcele oicie wieisials weivigl Sere aelsinels;e II to—Elytral punctures distinctly asperate throughout. Body and legs blackish, the antennz rufo-piceous; surface moderately shining. Head short, not very densely granose. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, the sides feebly conver- gent from near the broadly rounded basal angles, merging gradually into the broadly rounded and moderately serrulate apex ; surface sparsely, rather strongly asperate anteriorly, more closely granulate toward base, the granules flattened, less dense laterally. Elytra about two-thirds longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely wider ; punctures not very coarse, serial in arrange- ment, the intervals flat and even; apex evenly convex, strongly grano-tubercu- lose. Abdomen shining, sparsely punctulate. Length 3.7 mm.; width 1.2 BAD e NGM) ETSCY:.(0 2 cccite es) = BSOUcC SE Boo ene . hispidulus, sp. nov. Elytral punctures circular, not asperate on the disk and toward the suture, feebly granuliferous on the convex declivity; elytra polished, the intervals flat; serial arrangement of the punctures only observable along the middle of each elytron. SAP LMRNS AL CHMILH royal avel's\ S's) (aha .2 ars] sfacny aleve, wiepate)s).(apnieinya s}s aioe) sYo‘e ss densus Lec. Elytral punctures abnormal, not rounded but somewhat dilated at their posterior limits, serial in arrangement and well separated, more confused near the suture and broadly toward the sides, not granulose except posteriorly and on the de- clivity. Body evenly cylindrical, shining, dark piceous, the elytral vestiture sparse, stiff and erect. Head nearly smooth, constricted at base as usual. Pro- thorax nearly as long as wide, oval, asperulate anteriorly, the basal angles rounded ; disk with the flattened and nearly contiguous tubercles toward base small. Elytra perfectly cylindrical, barely twice as long as the prothorax and perceptibly wider, not quite twice as long as wide, polished. Length 2.4 mm. ; mace tn | Pennsylvania.\,\sv.c's\s weivianem se 6 veteaere as parvulus, sp. nov. 11—Dark rufo-piceous, the elytra blackish, highly polished with rather small and simple punctures, which are only feebly subserial in arrangement, becoming very small and feebler on the flanks and simple on the declivity. Indiana and BASHA Ema ree ECIURLA Hes Soa Ts inne hd wi cihrn/ oso els ieuptat@iriahe \pedeipn Stan aoe Copies aia cribratus Lec. 76 JourNaAL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. 12—Body small, narrow, subglabrous, highly polished and pale rufo-testaceous throughout; apical margin of the prothorax rather crenulate than serrulate. Iowa (Keokuk). Cosmopolitan and introduced,............ pusillus adr. 13—Antennz with the second joint nearly as slender as the third, the funicle brist- ling with long coarse hairs anteriorly; ridge of the apicai declivity short ; head strongly, transversely tumid behind the epistoma. New York, Indiana and SoutliGaroliniasas cA perasrais va craceenaectoayereee tee cease ory sateeere ke punctatus Say Antennze with the second joint stout, the funicle not more setose in front; declivity more abrupt and flat, with the marginal ridge long. California. truncatus Horn I have not been able to compare swdstriatus* of the table with Eu- ropean examples, and the identification is taken from the books; it is referred to the genus Stephanopachys by Heyden, Reitter and Weise, who separate also Auwszlws under the generic name R/zzopertha (Rhyzo- pertha). The differences seem to be scarcely generic in value. Truncatus of Horn, I have not seen. CIOIDZ:. The Cioidz are intimately related to the Bostrichinz, as shown by general organization, and particularly by the two small rounded sensitive areas near the apices of the joints of the antennal club, greatly devel- oped in the genus P/eszoc?s ; but, at the same time, they are closely al- lied also to some groups at present assigned to the Clavicornia, such as the Cryptophagide and Mycetophagide. In fact, the assemblages which are at present collectively known as the Clavicornia, are so heter- ogeneous among themselves as to indicate that they do not form a natu- ral division of the Coleoptera at all, but are in many cases the extreme developments of various types of Serricornia or Adephaga, and the Heteromera belong near them in immediate succession. erginus has. a purely serricorn habitus, and yet has been placed with the Myceto- phagide. I believe that the Cryptophagidz and Mycetophagidze should not be widely separated from Cioidz and Sphindide, and I am in favor of removing them from the so-called Clavicornia and placing them in the Serricornia near Cioidze. This would be far more natural than to remove the Cioidz to the Clavicornia. The Cucujidze, consist- ing of the subfamilies Passandrinze, Colydiinze, Monotomine, Rhyso- dine, Lyctinz, Silvanine, Brontinze, Cucujinze and Hemipepline should also be removed from the Clavicornia and follow Cioidz, Cryptopha- gidee, etc., in the Serricornia. ‘The Hemipeplinz form a natural tran- sition to the Heteromera. * Dinoderus substriatus is said by Mannerheim (Bull. Mosc., 1853, p. 233), to inhabit also the Kerai Peninsula, in Alaska. June, 1898.] Casty: NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. TT The Cioidz consist of two subfamilies, Cioinze and Rhipidandrine, distinguished by clavate and compactly serrate antennz respectively. The American genera of Cioinz are as follows :— Antenne 1o-jointed,,........ eYaTeketelave el cisetobersrote ebcuetaccns pe oie cuetoteiievesarceceieuasete alata ey 2 STAIRS GEICO Cay gh ese te ROS OIE AT RO 7 PRO LE NN cen] OUMLEC CMD OGY LA DTOUSs lc ranisier re victer-joleissiralere? eieleisievs)sis/svale cleverele/sies 8 2—Prosternum well developed before the cox; lateral edges of the prothorax AUC MLC HUM MEE ADEN raw) araceaelayeoietcvalscctsy 126i Ghsten’, [ota seletei aie susuemoial leilels statsia\nie sie gon0s Prosternum very short and transversely excavated before the coxze; lateral edges of the prothorax becoming Subobsoletesat the apes wa scasscncs sctemcen ashes 6 @——ehe prosternum simple or neatly) SO, |. sc. n= mccscle nies ee ncscerescvisice sees 4 The prosternum tumid or carinate along the middle .....,.......00s2esncccceece 5 4—Body setose or pubescent the vestiture erect and bristling, the anterior tibie finely prodiced and dentiform externally at apex, sometimes simple Body glabrous, the anterior tibize wholly unarmed at apex; elytral suture margined toward tip; body elongate, the head rather less deflexed than usual, the head and prothorax simple in the male, the latter with a deep rounded setigerous fovea at the centre of the first ventral segment................ ....Orthocis 5—Body glabrozs or with very shert decumbent pubescence or inclined setze. Xestocis 6—Body very short, oblong-oval in form, with stiff erect pubescence as in C7s. Brachycis 7—Body stout, convex, coarsely cribrate and setose; anterior tibize strongly, ob- liquely produced and acute externally at apex..............csee0e- Plesiocis Body narrow, cylindrical, feebly sculptured and glabrous, the anterior tibize thickened and externally rounded and spinulose at apex.............e08: Ennearthron 8—Anterior tibize swollen, rounded and spinulose externally at apex asin Axzear- thron; head and prothorax strongly modified in the male.,........-. Ceracis Anterior tibiz narrowly triangular, the external edge straight throughout and minutely spinulose ; head and prothorax not modified in the male. . Octotemnus The term glabrous, as used above, signifies the absence of distinct pubescence; with high power each puncture can be seen to bear a very small hair. Many of Mellié’s species are still unknown to me, and the localities of some of them may be open to doubt; a few may possi- bly be synonyms, as, for example, a¢ripennis, which may have been founded upon a damaged specimen of fuscifes. It is possible that the Cis pumicatus of Mellié may prove to be an Octotemnus. Ceracis is very closely allied to Annearthron, and was indeed considered to be more properly a subgenus by Mellié. The figure of C. sadez, on plate 4 of the monograph, seems to have been taken from a specimen of Ennearthron mellyi.* *I am indebted for several very interesting species of Cioidz to my friend, P, Jerome Schmitt, of Westmoreland county, Pa., and Mr. Wickham has also contrib- uted a number of interesting species in Bostrichinze, Cioidze and Sphindidze, 78 JourNAL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. Cis Lar. Only those species represented before me are included in the follow- ~ ing table: — Elytra with shallow, variolate and nude punctures, intermingled with others smaller and deepernwhichubearsthe|setcenm mere ee coongoenanocaboasaccessc% Elytra deeply punctured throughout, all the punctures bearing hairs or seteze...... II 2—Body stout and convex, the elytra confusedly rugulose; maxillary palpi very stout ; anterior tibize acute and feebly everted externally at tip; apical angles of the prothorax right and somewhat prominent, the apex prolonged and broadly rounded over the head ; base not distinctly margined...............sceeee- 3 Body narrowly elongate-oval and more depressed, the surface less rugose but with the elytral series more distinct; maxillary palpi variable but generally less stout ; antennal club smaller, with the two basal joints wider than long; apical angles of the prothorax obtuse, the apex broadly, evenly rounded over the basal parts of the head, the base finely margined; scutellum transversely oval............- 8 3—FElytral bristles moderate in length, more or less distinctly serial in arrangement, the antennal club long and loose, with the two basal joints as long as wide ; head and pronotum finely, evenly punctured, the elytral punctures fine, not very dis- tinct and rather sparse; male sexual characters very feeble........... aoosot! Elytral bristles extremely short, distributed uniformly but without order; antennal club shorter, with the two basal joints wider than long; male nae pro- nounced,..... Gila (5 serleueros oyna arab’ Oeleieusre evoiia johns: dbo Seepelielet ote evel we fekeeVonene rey Renee 7 4—Third and fourth joints of the antennze elongate and equal, each as long as the fifth and sixth together. Body stout, shining, castaneous in color, the head moderate, with the clypeal margin feebly reflexed and broadly subtruncate; eyes rather well developed; prothorax distinctly wider than long, the sides reflexed, feebly convergent and feebly, evenly arcuate from the obtuse basal angles to the apex ; elytra one-half longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and just visibly wider. Length 2.4-2.8 mm.; width 1.05-1.25 mm. North Carolina CAsHevill ene tttcrsiavaik.<cantewnerast creecrx operates NEPA Sette oe caroline, sp. nov. Third joint much longer than the fourth, the latter distinctly shorter than the fifth andsixth combined. 2. hobs cise oe state siola 0's ed eile ctotele Sie pe eee 5 5—Concave side margin of the pronotum not at all inwardly prolonged at base ; body large, generally pale in color, shining; prothorax more than one-half wider than long, the basal angles very obtuse and rounded; sides slightly convergent and very feebly, evenly arcuate throughout; elytra barely one half longer than wide, nearly two and one-half times as long as the prothorax and slightly wider, the humeral callus small but pronounced. Length 2.8-3.0mm.; width I.1-1.3 mm. Montana (Missoula): i215 2)0k). Rajesh Bre Oke revere Se eaee pallens, sp. nov. ‘Concave margin more or less distinctly prolonged inwardly at base; color black or piceous-black, the size'smalllen:,...25, jareeey) wicieeriers lanl eet cya shies 6 6—Male with the prothorax simple Thaonaont Atlantic regions, from Massachusetts toWlowarand Texas ](Elouston)) ni. eos eiee eles srt -fuscipes A7e//. Male with the prothorax broadly impressed at apex. Body moderately stout, strongly convex, blackish in color and shining, the elytral punctures generally stronger June, 1808.] CasEY: NorTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. (i, than those of the pronotum, with the impressed lines distinct; head with the clypeal margin moderately reflexed and broadly sinuato-truncate in both sexes ; prothorax two-fifths wider than long, the sides feebly convergent, rather more rounded near the base; elytra one-half longer than wide, fully twice as long as the prothorax and just visibly wider posteriorly. Length 1.8-2.75 mm.; width 0.8-1.2 mm. Pacific coast—Vancouver Island, Washington State (Tacoma) and California (Humboldt Co. and Alameda)............... impressa, sp. nov. 47—Body rather stout, strongly convex, oblong-suboval, shining, blackish in color throughout, the legs and antennze dark rufous; vestiture very short and almost scale-like, erect as usual; head moderate, the eyes well developed, convex and prominent; prothorax one half to three-fifths wider than long, the sides rather widely reflexed, slightly convergent and broadly, evenly arcuate throughout, the basal angles very obtuse ; surface finely, closely punctured but polished; elytra more than one-half longer than wide, nearly two and one-half times as long as the prothorax and very slightly wider, the humeral callus small; surface con- fusedly rugulose, finely punctate and with slightly evident longitudinal lines and short transverse rugze. //a/e.—Head concave, the clypeal margin reflexed and broadly bidentate; prothorax impressed transversely at the apical margin, the latter moderately reflexed, with a small rounded sinuation at the middle. e- male.—Head flat, the clypeal margin very slightly reflexed, broadly, feebly sinuato-truncate, the prothorax rounded and unmodified at apex. Length 2.2~ 2.5mm.; width 0.9-1.1mm, Rhode Island (Boston Neck). .pistoria, sp. nov. 8—Anterior tibiz finely everted and acute externally at apex............... Bene) PATIES HIG EMU DIce SI Up] Gat: APEX: 5 )4 5 .\s)< /ayerers) «le: dv sie/al sides alee Wicle arave e n/ ee ave soohedodac 10 9—Pronotum not impressed at the apical angles, the flanks deeper, the side margin feebly reflexed, more strongly about the basal angles. /e7a/e.—Body elongate- oval, moderately convex, piceous, the elytra black; legs and antennz paler, rufous, shining, the bristles short and pale, moderately abundant, not arranged in definite series on the elytra though with feeble suggestion of such arrange- ment at certain parts; head moderate, the eyes small, the clypeal margin broadly arcuate; prothorax nearly as long as wide, circularly arcuate in apical third, the sides thence nearly straight and parallel to the basal angles, which are very ob- tuse; base arcuate; punctures rather fine, strong and close-se ; elytra three- fourths longer than wide, two and one-third times as long as the prothorax and scarcely wider; punctures fine, strong, close-set, the impressed lines distinct and with rather coarser irregular punctuation, Length 2.3 mm.; width o.8 mm. 33 ]12) 4215 Ot (SE GE eR A striolata, sp. nov. Pronotum impressed at the apical angles, the side margins strongly, narrowly and equally reflexed throughout. /ea/e.—Nearly similar to s¢vzo/a¢a but shorter, the prothorax fully one-third wider than long, with the sides subparallel, evenly and feebly arcuate throughout, the apex broadly, evenly arcuate; punctures fine, strong and rather close-set; elytra two-thirds longer than wide, two and one-half times as long as the prothorax, the surface polished, with distinctly impressed lines of much coarser punctures, which are shallow, nude and variolate as usual, the bristles arranged more definitely in series. /a/e.—Smaller than the female and more slender, the clypeal margin rather strongly rounded near the eyes and remotely and feebly bituberculate at the middle; prothorax only slightly shorter 80 JouRNAL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VE. than wide, the sides teebly convergent and evenly and feebly arcuate from the base, the apex circularly rounded, the surface dull; elytra polished, nearly as in the female; first ventral segment foveate at the centre. Length 2.0-2.2 mm.; width 0.65-0.75 mm. Utah (southwestern)............. fraterna, sp. nov. 10—Body more slender, picious black throughout. /e#ale.—Narrowly elongate- oval, moderately convex, shining; legs and antennz rufous; bristles short, pale as usual, arranged in almost regular series on the elytra; front feebly convex ; eyes moderate in size; clypeus broadly arcuate, very short before the eyes; pro- thorax nearly one-third wider than long, the sides feebly convergent, evenly and feebly arcuate from base to the rather pronounced apical angles, which are not rounded, the apex circularly arcuate, the punctures fine but deep, moderately close; elytra two-thirds longer than wide, nearly two and one-half times as long as the prothorax and somewhat wider, the humeral callus minute; series well impressed, almost regular but not much more coarsely punctate, the intervals sparsely punctulate. Length 1.9mm; widtho.7mm. California (Lake Tahoe) macilenta, sp. nov. Body stouter and more cylindric, bicolored, the head and prothorax rufous, the elytra black. emale.—Oblong-subcylindric, moderately convex, slightly dull im lustre; bristles short, feebly subserial on the elytra; head feebly convex, the clypeus broadly arcuato-truncate, oblique at the sides to the eyes, which are snall; prothorax fully one-third wider than long, nearly as in maczlenta, the - basal angles more broadly rounded; elytra scarcely more than one-half longer than wide, but little more than twice as long as the prothorax and not wider, the impressed lines feeble and somewhat irregular, more coarsely punctured. Length 1.4-1.8 mm.; width 0.55-0.75 mm. California (Calaveras, Humboldt, alcemandeleospAnoelesy Coss maee neritic ieee versicolor, sp. nov. Ti—Vestiture of therelytraystitivand Ibnistleslike seers ctieierecrteee eee eee 12 Vestiture of the elytra long, slender and hair-like but erect and conspicuous; elytrah punctures arranged without order, not at all seriate at any point; last joint of the maxillanyepelpinacutelyapount cd mrs hemlet aes eee eee eee tee aS. 12—Vestiture more or less distinctly serial in arrangement ............00.0000- 13 Vestiture not at all serial at any point, the punctures evenly distributed.......... 15 13—Body strongly cylindro-convex, the elytral punctures differing among themselves: in size, the larger forming more or less indefinite series; bristles unusually Doma eer ese Sacto g aN ete Poe eR ea ar, Ae aL Sg he cr 6 ate Aenetenere RAS Body narrow, parallel, distinctly depressed, the punctuation dense, the elytral punc- tures more uniform in size, the bristles moderate in length, forming close and nearly even series. Pennsylvania to Texas.............. creberrima 17/e//. 14—Sides of the prothorax becoming straight and parallel behind the middle. Jade. —Body subcylindric, somewhat shining, castaneous in color, the bristles coarse, erect, longer than the width of the scutellum, subserial on the elytra ; head mod- erate, the front flat, the eyes small; clypeal margin feebly reflexed, remotely and feebly bituberculate, a small sinus just without each tubercle and thence strongly oblique for some distance to the eyes; prothorax nearly as long as wide, circu- larly rounded at apex, narrowly subsinuate at the middle; angles obtuse; base finely margined ; surface very obsoletely, transversely impressed at apex ; punc- tures uneven in size, small, deep, not very close-set; scutellum pointed behind ;, June, 1898.] CasEy: NorTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 81 elytra two-thirds longer than wide, equal in width to the prothorax and barely twice as long, obtuse at apex; series of coarse punctures scarcely impressed. Female.—Nearly similar to the male, the clypeal margin evenly arcuato-truncate, the prothorax not modified, Length 2.4-2.9 mm.; width 0.9-1.1 mm, Utah (southwestern)........... Pe KAV Ae alatol olor ereiel wietetersters mormonica, sp. nov. Sides of the prothorax suparallel and evenly arcuate throughout. J/a/e,— Similar to mormonice in the modifications of the clypeus and prothorax, pale piceous, polished, the bristles long, stiff and erect, subserial on the elytra; eyes small; prothorax fully one-third wider than long, the angles obtuse; punctures moder-. ately fine, deep, somewhat uneven in size, rather close-set; elytra less than twice as long as wide, as wide as the prothorax and barely twice as long; punctures rather coarse and close-set, the larger only partially forming indefinite and scarcely at all impressed series. Length 2.0mm; widtho.85 mm. Pennsyl- amie GV estmorclandaCon)h 9. «a/c se cle clicie ainsi event .. horridula, sp. nov. 15 —Body obese and strongly convex, suboval; male sexual characters pronounced, the female also having the apex of the prothorax at Jeast feebly bilobed; apical angles of the anterior tibize everted and acute externally.................. 16 Body subcylindric, convex; male sexual characters feeble, the clypeus finely bitu- berculate; maxillary palpi slender; prothorax margined at base, the angles SELIG oak 4 Oe OR Cn LS OR COREE EERO ERS Ech A CM LALA emiocea On 21 16—Clypeus angulate at each side near the eyes in both sexes,...............- 17 Clypeus emarginate in the middle and bidentate, not angulate near the eyes...... 20 £©7—Plytra very nearly one-half Jonger than wide............ceccecesserseces 18 Elytra very short, scarcely one-third longer than wide ..............00cceereee 19 18—Elytral punctures rather close-set. A/Za/e with the clypeal margin reflexed and quadridentate, the apex of the prothorax with two broad porrect triangular pro- cesses, separated by a rounded sinuation. California.......... vitula Wann. Elytral punctures rather sparse, the integuments more shining. /emza/e.—Body elongate-oval, very convex, polished, castaneous, the legs, antennz and some- times the anterior parts paler; bristles of the prothorax very small and rather fine, not conspicuous, of the elytra coarse, moderately long and rather sparse ; head concave apically, the clypeus broadly rounded and obscurely quadrangulate ; eyes rather small; prothorax one-fourth wider than long, the sides feebly con- vergent and very feebly, evenly arcuate from base to the rather obtuse but some- what prominent apical angles; base transverse, very feebly lobed at the middle, very finely margined ; apex advanced, rounded and feebly bilobed; punctures fine and moderately close ; scutellum obtuse, wider than long; elytra as wide as the prothorax and slightly less than twice as long, perfectly even, the punctures deep, very much larger than those of the pronotum. Length 2.3-2.5 mm.; width 1.15 mm. California (Humboldt Co.)..... Persqnies illustris, sp. nov. 19—Female.—Body stout, oval, strongly convex, pale in color, polished, the elytral bristles very short, those of the prothorax rather inconspicuous; head nearly as in z//ustris, less concave anteriorly, the eyes very small; prothorax nearly as in z//ustr7s but shorter, nearly one-half wider than long, the punctures very small and rather sparse; surface occasionally with a very obsolete median -canaliculation near the apex; elytra very short, scarcely two-thirds longer than the prothorax, strongly convex, obtusely rounded behind, the punctures rather 82 JourNAL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol VE. coarse but feebly impressed and quite sparse. Length 2.1 mm.; width 1.0 mm~ MOUISIAN A) Se psrarevaerehs were eos ebe eaten hiecohanasynghowye totale detelotonersven congesta, sp. nov. 20—M ale.—Cylindric-oval, not very stout. stroagly convex, pale in color probably from immaturity, rufo-testaceous, shining; bristles very stout but short, distinct and rather close on the prothorax, somewhat sparse on the elytra; head and eyes rather well developed, the front flat ; clypeus strongly reflexed, triangularly bidentate ; prothorax two-fifths wider than long, the sides rather strongly con- vergent and arcuate from base to apex, the latter reflexed and triangularly bi- dentate; base truncate; punctures quite coarse, deep and close-set; elytra less: than one-half longer than wide, four-fifths longer than the prothorax, the punc- tures about equal in size to those of the pronotum but sparser. Length 1.4 maa, Ml CLO won, (Caytioiae, 6 scccsaccascnocdreoccaes duplex, sp. nov. 21—Prosternum normally convex; anterior tibia externally everted and acute at apex; scutellum small, not wider than long; prothorax rounded at the apex 5. male with the first ventral simple. 4/a/e.—Body narrowly cylindric-oval, moderately convex, piceous-black, with the legs and antennz pale; surface shining; bristles coarse, pale, erect, moderately sparse, even in length on the elytra; head and eyes small; clypeal margin feebly reflexed, bituberculate ; pro- thorax nearly as long as wide, parabolically rounded anteriorly, with a small and very feeble median sinuation, the sides becoming straight and parallel toward’ base; punctures fine but perforate, rather close-set; elytra rather more than one- half longer than wide, as wide as the prothorax and twice as long, the punc- tures rather coarse, well separated and subeven in size. Length 2.0 mm. ; width 0.7 mm. California (Lake Tahoe).............. hystricula, sp. nov. Prosternum broadly and feebly biconcave; anterior tibize thickened and rounded ex- ternally at apex; scutellum larger; prothorax feebly sinuate from above at the converging sides of the apex; maxillary palpi with the last joint more acutely pointed ; male with the first ventral foveate at the middle.,................ 22: 22—Hyes small, the body more elongate and cylindric,................-...-.- 23 Eyes large and: well developed; body stouter and more cylindric-oval........... 24 23—Antennal funicle longer than the club. 4/a/e. Moderately convex and shining, rather pale castaneous, the bristles stiff, moderately long and rather abundant ; head rather weil developed, the clypeal tubercles small and separated by a fourth of the entire width; prothorax nearly a fourth widerthan long, rounded and some- what lobed at apex, the sides becoming nearly straight and parallel toward base; punctures rather strong and close-set though not very coarse; elytra one- half longer than wide, as wide as the prothorax and rather more than twice as: long, the punctures quite coarse, impressed and somewhat close-set. Length 1.75-1.8 mm.; width o.75 mm. Montana (Missoula).....montana, sp. nov. Antennal funicle equal in length to the club. A/a/e.—Dark rufo-piceous, the elytra black, the legs and antennz pale, shining, the bristles stiff, erect and pale but rather sparse throughout; head well developed, the minute tubercles of the clypeus separated by a little more than a fourth of the width; prothorax nearly as in montana but nearly a third wider than long, with the punctures. much less close-set; elytra one-half longer than wide, as wide as the prothorax and rather more than twice as long, the punctures moderately coarse, deep and June, 18,8 ] Casey: NortH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 83 not very close-set. Length 1.5-1.7 mm.; width 0.65-.75 mm. Vancouver Island, Washington State and Northern California,.......... .soror, sp. nov. 24— AZale.—Black and shining, the anterior parts picescent; legs and antennze pale; bristles rather sparse, short and somewhat inconspicuous anteriorly, longer on the elytra; head well developed, the minute clypeal tubercles separated by a fifth of the width; prothorax nearly as in soror but fully two-fifths wider than long, the punctures strong and well separated ; elytra suboval, not more than two-fifths longer than wide, rather wider than the prothorax and distinctly more than twice as long; punctures only moderately coarse but deep and quite sparse. Length 1.6-1.75 mm.; widtho.75 mm. New York. curtula, sp. nov. 25—Anterior tibize everted and acute externally at apex; hairs very long, a fifth or sixth as long as the entire width of the elytra. /a/e.—Body stout, cylindric, polished, piceous in color, the vestiture very long and bristling, abundant; head and eyes moderately developed; front feebly concave; clypeus with two long slender erect and widely separated processes; prothorax slightly wider than long, the sides just visibly convergent and nearly straight from base nearly to the apex, then rounding and strongly convergent to a trapezoidal and obliquely upturned lamina, which is subtriangularly emarginate at tip; surface with rather strong and close-set punctures, feebly impressed at apex behind the lamina; elytra short, cylindric, obtuse at apex, two-fifths longer than wide, as wide as the prothorax and three-fifths longer, the punctures rather coarse, even, moderately close-set, the surface not at all rugose. /emza/e.—Smaller than the male, the clypeus feebly reflexed at each side; prothorax shorter and more trans- verse, simple. Length 1.75-2.1 mm.; width 0.75-0.9 mm, Florida (Lake Name LIN Ee Anetta hla lat cneie anata; siearainaa tere Warave elevate. o Ga ues hirsuta, sp. nov. Anterior tibize simple at apex, not dilated or produced ; hairs shorter, about an eighth as long as the entire width of the elytra. #emadle.—Oblong-oval, moderately convex, shining, pale rufo-testaceous, the vestiture only moderately abundant and not dense; head moderate, the eyes small; clypeal margin feebly reflexed at each side ; prothorax nearly one-half wider than long, parabol'cally rounded at apex, the sides becoming parallel and nearly straight behind the middle ; punctures fine and ra'her sparse, elytra suboval, rather ogival at tip, two-fifths longer than wide, rather wider than the prothorax and more than twice as long, the punctures somewhat coarse but feeble, well separated ; humeral callus rather small and feeble. Length 1 4 mm.; widtho65 mm. Alabama. ursulina, sp. nov. Fuscipes is our most abundant species, and the west coast mpressa resembles it very much in externalappearance. Mellié states that the anterior margin of the head in the male of /wsczZes is surmounted by two very small tubercles; this is not the case in the representatives be- fore me, but as Mellié included with his American specimens some from Madeira, it is probable that he had one of these under observa- tion, and that it is a species different from fuscipes. Vitula of Manner- heim, is assigned to Lumnearthron in the Henshaw list, but without 84 JourNAL NEw YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. reason, as it is in no way related to that genus, and the Czs achrous, of that list, is a manuscript name, appearing only in the LeConte list of Coleoptera. Mirsu¢a and ursufina are remarkable in having long fine and bristling pubescence. ys¢ricu/a seems to have the elytral bristles vaguely inclined to serial arrangement, and it is undoubtedly more closely allied to »zormonica than to the three species immediately fol- lowing it in the table. The Alaskan Cvs ephippiatus, of Mannerheim, (Bull. Mosc., 1853, p. 234), isomitted from our lists. It is unknown to me, but seems to be peculiar in having the elytra profoundly and re- motely, subseriately punctate, red, with a large common transverse black spot at the middle, which attains the margin at each side. Orthocis, gen. nov. This genus is very closely allied to Cvs, but differs in the more parallel form of the body, in its glabrous surface, margined elytral suture and absolutely simple apex of the anterior tibiz. The maxillary palpi are rather stout, the ligula large and corneous, the antennz long, with the two basal joints of the funicle elongate and the club rather small and loose. The head and clypeus are absolutely simple in the male, and the only visible male sexual character is a small oval opaque and densely pubescent area at the centre of the first ventral segment, at the point occupied by a deep circular fovea in some species of Cus. Our two species greatly resemble each other but may be distinguished as follows :— Ligula broader and flat ; third antennal joint nearly or quite as long as the next two combined ; body rather less elongate, the sides of the prothorax somewhat less rectilinear, otherwise similar to the following. New York....punctata //e//. Ligula narrow and convex ; third antennal joint distinctly shorter than the next two combined. Ma/e.—Oblong, parallel, moderately convex, polished, black, the legs and antennz rufous, glabrous, each puncture of the elytra with a very minute simple silvery hair ; head well developed, convex, the eyes small and prominent ; clypeal margin perfectly simple, evenly arcuate from side to side ; prothorax two- fifths wider than long, the sides parallel and straight, rather widely reflexed ; apex broadly arcuate and slightly advanced ; angles obtuse ; base finely margined ; . punctures rather fine but deep, well separited; elytra twothirds longer than wide, rather wider than the prothorax and nearly two and one-half times as long, obtusely ogival at apex, the sides very feebly arcuate ; punctures confusedly arranged, rather small but deep and somewhat sparse, the surface smooth; ely- tral suture margined toward tip. Length 2.3-2.5 mm.; width 0.85 mm. Cali- fornia; (Alameda Co?) i ytance of /cis\eie sletietier stein tesco aterrima, sp. nov. June, 1898.] Casey: NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 85 Xestocis, gen. nov. A few species of peculiar facies are separated under this name, be- cause of the prosternal carination. ‘The antenne are of the normal structure, with the club well developed and the second funicular joint only slightly longer than wide. The anterior tibize are strongly oblique and acute externally at apex, except in ofadescens, where the external angleisslightly thickened and rounded. The maxillary palpi are usually rather slender. The first ventral segment is subfoveate and densely pu- bescent at the centre of the disk in the males. Our five species are strongly differentiated among themselves, and may be described as fol- lows :— SIREN VIES AUEOLIS eyareieisroteveierarct ava) croc oreisrel ostce ore oreiebeohcne shevelaietiave sjalctetererofeveia' els CLA ae Body clothed with short pubescence or bristles. ............0cecescessseeee ces 3 2—Clypeus bidentate in the male, the prothorax simple and rounded at apex in both © sexes. MMa/e.—Suboval,very dark rufo piceous, sometimes paler, polished; head and eyes moderately developed; prothorax two-fifths wider than long, the sides just visibly convergent from base to the obtuse apical angles, rather distinctly and evenly arcuate; lateral margin very fine, the base finely margined, more dis- tinctly in the middle ; punctures minute and rather sparse ; elytra less than one- half longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and barely wider, rather narrowly rounded at apex, very feebly subrugulose, minutely, sparsely punctate. Length I.5-I.9 mm.; width 0.7-0. De mm. Canada (Toronto), New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana and ieee soba HOOD OG ae OURS TO GOOODR levettei, sp. nov. Clypeus monocerate in the male, the prothorax with two long slender porrect pro- cesses. Male.—Oblong-oval, convex, testaceous, polished, glabrous, each punc- ture with an excessively minute hair; head and eyes moderately developed, the front impunctate, broadly concave, the clypeus reflexed, with a long erect par- allel process at the middle, feebly expanding toward apex, the latter very feebly emarginate ; prothorax distinctly wider than long, the sides moderately conver- gent and evenly arcuate throughout, the apex prolonged over the head and with two long remote straight and porrect processes, the surface behind their separating sinus broadly impressed ; punctures fine, not very sparse ; elytra short, one third longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax at the median line and some- what wider, rather rapidly and narrowly rounded at apex, the sides arcuate ; surface nearly smooth, minutely, rather sparsely punctate. Female.—Nearly similar to the male, the clypeus broadly sinuate at the middle, the prothorax broadly rounded at apex. Length 1.2-1.35 mm.; width 0.55-0.6 mm. Penn- sylvania (Westmoreland Co ) and Rhode Island ( Boston Neck). . miles, sp. nov. 3—Upper surface normal ; vestiture distinct, even but arranged without order ; punc- tures of the elytra intermingled with larger sparse punctures, which are some- times disposed in vague series ; clypeus bidentate in the male..............- 4 Upper surface covered with a waterproof crust, through which the extremely minute BUH EA MANIS a DLOLLEIG <4 atasel/aym'archaesliteolaseies ptotabals eialViGgotbielat ire metals’ e[sicie ws ww: aie t= as 5 4—Vestiture composed of small simple and subdecumbent hairs A/a/e.—Oblong- oval, moderately convex, rufo testaceous, feebly shining ; prothorax wider than | 86 JouRNAL NEw YoRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI- long, minutely but strongly, closely punctate ; elytra two-fifths longer than wide, ogivally rounded at apex, finely, rather closely punctured and vaguely subrugose. Alaska (Sitka) and Queen Charlotte Islands (Massett)......biarmata JZezz. Vestiture composed of coarse stiff and suberect squamules. A/a/e.—Slightly smaller than ézarmata but similar, oblong-oval, moderately convex, testaceous, feebly shining, the bristles short and abundant ; head rather small, feebly concave, the eyes moderate ; clypeus triangularly reflexed at each side; prothorax nearly one- half wider than long, the sides just visibly convergent, feebly and evenly arcu- ate ; angles obtuse ; apex subangularly produced and rounded, with the tip very narrowly sinuato-truncate; punctures moderately fine, deep and quite dense ;. elytra not quite one-half longer than wide; less than twice as long as the=pro- thorax and somewhat wider, feebly rugulose, minutely and rather closely punc- tate, the punctures smaller than those of the prothorax ; apex ogivally rounded. Length 1.6 mm.; width o.7 mm. Pennsylvania (locality not recorded). insolens, sp. nov.. 5—Male.—oblong oval, rather stout, only moderately convex, polished, dark piceo- testaceous ; head moderate, the eyes small but prominent ; front broadly concave, the clypeus acutely, bitriangularly reflexed; prothorax one-half wider than long, the sides very feebly convergent, rather strongly, evenly arcuate; apex subtriangularly prolonged, with the tip minutely emarginate and feebly reflexed ;. punctures rather fine but distinct, slightly separated; lateral margins narrowly - reflexed ; elytra short, scarcely a third longer than wide, as wide as the prothorax and four-fifths longer, the apex rather acutely ogival; surface not very finely, evenly and rather closely punctate. Length 1.4-1.6 mm ; width 0 6-0 75 mm. Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).......-..+2--+-2-00- opalescens, sp. nov. ° . . . . ° ° 4 . Biarmata is misprinted ‘* dicarinatus’’ in the Henshaw list. Brachycis, gen. nov, The chief peculiarities of the single type of this genus are the short: and suboval form, very short, transversely excavated prosternum and ob- solescent side margin of the prothorax at the rounded and obtuse apical angles. The antennal club is strongly developed, as long as the pre- ceding six joints combined and has the sensitive apical pores small but deep and bristling with white sete, thus leading up to the remarkable FPlestocis which follows. The maxillary palpi are rather slender and acutely pointed, and the anterior tibiz are finely, acutely and almost perpendicularly produced externally in a well-marked process. Sexual characters are wanting in the single specimen before me, which is prob- ably a female: — Broad, moderately convex, oblong- oval, piceous, the elytra, legs and antennal shaft paler rufo-testaceous ; body clothed above with stiff pale and erect setze, moder- ate in length and density, uniformly distributed ; head rather small, the eyes mod- erate; clypeus simple, subtruncate: prothorax two-thirds wider than long ; June, 1898.] CasEy: NorTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 87 angles rounded, the sides strongly convergent and broadly arcuate from base to apex, the latter broadly subparabolic, not extending much over the head ; pune- tures not very coarse but deep, rather close-set ; elytra oblong, very broadly, ob- tusely rounded at apex, one-fourth longer than wide, two and one-half times as long as the prothorax, and, at apical third or fourth, visitly wider ; sides nearly straight; punctures rather coarse, deep and somewhat close set, the surface nearly smooth. Length 1.4 mm.; width o.75 mm. New York (Ithaca) brevicollis, sp. nov. Plesiocis, gen. nov. This genus, which is also represented at present by a single species, is remarkably distinct in the structure of the antennz, which are 9- jointed, with the club large and well developed, more corneous than usual, dark in color and with the two sensitive subapical pores on each side large, rounded and filled with white spongy pubescence; the ‘club. is nearly as long as the entire basal portion, with its first two joints. transverse and obtriangular. The maxillary palpi are well developed, but rather slender, the prosternum normal, the process however rather thin and sublamellar. The anterior tibize are strongly, obliquely pro- duced and acute externally at apex. The male has very simple charac- ters, the clypeus having two minute and rather approximate tubercles, but the first ventral segment has, as in so many other cases, a small pubes- cent fovea at the centre of the disk. The type resembles a large sub- cylindrical Czs :— Body cylindric-oval, strongly convex, piceous-brown, shining, the legs and antennal shaft rufous ; vestiture rather sparse, the hairs coarse, pale, stiff and erect, mod- erate in length ; head rather small, the eyes moderate, convex ; front flat, finely punctate ; prothorax two-fifths wider than long, the sides feebly convergent and slightly arcuate, the basal angles rather broadly rounded, the apical obtusely subprominent ; lateral margin narrowly reflexed; base finely margined ; apex broadly rounded, slightly produced over the head; punctures coarse, perforate and close-set ; elytra one-third longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely at all wider, the sides nearly straight, the apex very broadly and obtusely rounded ; punctures coarse, perforate, close-set and arranged evenly but without order, the interspaces smooth. Length 2.1-2.3 mm ; width I O-I £ mm. California (Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras Co.)........ cribrum, sp. nov. Ennearthron Jeli. The small cylindrical species which compose this genus may be readily identified by the characters given in the table. The antennz are slender, with the club rather feeble, the first joint of the funicle generally equal to the next two, which, with the last are equal and moniliform. Prosternum moderately developed before the coxe, with 88 JournaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. the process very narrow and sublamellar. The male characters are always pronounced and generally affect both the clypeus and thoracic apex, but these characters greatly diminish in degree in the smaller and less developed males, these depauperate individuals not differing much from the females in either the present genus or Ceracis. In both of these genera the male also has a small deep pubescent fovea, not at the centre, but near the posterior margin, of the first ventral segment. The characters of the following table are taken throughout from what appear to be fully developed males only :— Male with the clypeal margin broadly and strongly reflexed in a trapezoidal process, the thoracic|\processibidentate 0) .)3:2..6./0:2 nieieis aim soeteterccleod Se asin See ene eee teehee Male with a long slender erect clypeal process, the thoracic apex simple and rounded; Spectes very Smalley .oc).:c,c015 sieocdeetee etn aie sicletciaratet sus oters a\Aiejeieiie als/a etait II 2—Flytra without trace of impressed lines... s..2c.2.0+--cco+- ++ sees ueee orem 3 Elytra with very feebly and unevenly impressed lines, the punctures feebly sub- Serialpinjarrancementee eerie aera rae eiee cere epereePieler cee depentetens Io 3—Male with the thoracic processes longer, narrower and more approximate ; punc- tuation feeble, the elytral punctures always confused in arrangement. Atlantic and Gulf rE gions, 2). 250 51008 si ares efe's Risers a cvovslnntens eke Sicha serene enone are ee 4 Male with the thoracic processes shorter, more widely separated and more lamellarly triangular ; punctuation stronger, the elytral punctures generally confused but , occasionally very feebly subserial. Pacific Coast regions.............e-. areiO 4—Apex of the pronotum rather feebly impressed behind the processes........... 5 Apex of the pronotum strongly, transversely impressed behind the processes. Mod- erately slender, polished, piceo-rufous in color ; head well developed, concave, tke clypeal process large and well developed, with the apex feebly sinuate at the middle; prothorax slightly wider than long, the sides parallel and nearly straight, the angles all rounded ; processes long, slender and distinctly diverging as usual ; base and sides finely margined ; punctures fine and sparse; elytra less than one-half longer than wide, as wide as the prothorax and two-thirds longer, the surface very feebly subrugulose, sparsely and very minutely punctate, the punctures much more minute than those of the pronotum ; apex evenly rounded. Length 1.2-1.5 mm.; width 0.45-0.6 mm. Texas (Columbus) and Louisiana. piceum, sp. nov. 5—Elytra fully one-half longer than the prothorax, slender, cylindric oval, black, rather strongly shining ; legs, mouth parts and antennz pale ; punctures fine and rather sparse ; thoracic processes rather short. Canada to Pennsylvania (medd,z MeN i eee Olan MESYO) axe ote Memes et neta a ae thoracicorne Zig. Elytra very short and quite strongly cunei‘orm, very much less than one-half longer than the prothorax. Rather stout, the head polished and concave, the eyes small; clypeal process well developed but with the sinuate sides rather rapidly converging, the apex a little less than half as wide as the head, feebly sinuato- truncate ; prothorax large, not quite as long as wide, the sides parallel and broadly arcuate, the corneous processes moderately long and rather stout ; punctures fine but distinct, only moderately sparse ; elytra at base as wide as the June, 1898.] Casey: NoRTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 89 prothorax, the sides nearly straight and distinctly convergent, the apex narrowly rounded ; punctures rather sparse and very minute, the surface feebly rugulose. Length 1.3 mm.; width 0.53mm. Louisiana (Morgan City). Jaminifrons, sp. nov. 6—Thoracic process of the male abruptly formed................e cece veeeeeee 7 Thoracic process gradually formed, its sides merging gradually and obliquely into the sides of the prothorax ; thoracic punctures quite dense...............0020-: 9: 7—Elytral punctures rather coarse and closer ; thoracic process one-half as wide as the elytra. Body rather stout, blackish, the elytra piceous ; legs and oral organs pale ; lustre moderately shining ; head and eyes modera‘ely developed ; clypeal process very broad, only moderate in length, almost transversely truncate ; prothorax only slightly wider than long, the sides parallel and broadly arcuate ; apical process very broad, deeply sinuate ; punctures strong and close-set ; elytra quite distinctly narrower than the prothorax and scarcely more than one-half longer ; one-half longer than wide, the sides parallel ; apex broadly rounded ; surface feebly rugu- lose, strongly punctured, less closely than the prothorax. Length 1.4-1.7 mm ; width 0.55-0.7 mm. California (southern)............ grossulum, sp. nov. Elytral punctures fine but distinct, rather sparse, the thoracic process much less than one-half as wide as the elytra............ 000000. ibleheve peeve atecspacene lev ateenct stots 8. Thoracic punctures close-set ; angles of the clypeal process scarcely at all rounded. Blackish, the elytral punctures generally very feebly subserial in arrangement. California (especially northern coast regions) ............californicum Csy. Thoracic punctures sparse; angles of the clypeal process rounded. Body evenly cylindric, moderately shining, more or less rufo-testaceous in color, the elytra sometimes blackish toward base; head and eyes moderate, the clypeal process moderately strong, with the sides rather strongly convergent and the apex broadly sinuate ; prothorax slightly transverse, the sides parallel and almost straight, rounding anteriorly, the process rather feebly developed, sinuate at apex ; elytra scarcely one-half longer than wide, as wide as the prothorax and three-fifths. longer, the sides parallel and straight, the apex broadly rounded ; punctures fine: and sparse, the surface almost smooth. Length 1 2 mm.; width 0.5 mm. ~ Cal- McmrANIOUOIMIA GO, ))". 5 o.c.svis.a/ehe « alaie'a sie waters pidioiehl tate arte discolor, sp. nov. g—Narrowly cylindric, blackish, the elytra rufescent at tip ; legs, trophi and antennze pale ; surface moderately shining ; head well developed, the clypeus moderate in length, with the sides strongly convergent, the apex broadly sinuato-truncate and the angles blunt ; piothorax but little wider than long, the sides subparallel and very slightly arcuate ; process rather short, sinuate at tip; elytra fully one. half longer than wide, as wide as the prothorax and fully three-fourths longer, somewhat parabolically rounded at tip, the punctures fine but strong, but little smaller than those of the prothorax and much less close-set. Length 1.1-1.3 mm.; width 0.4-05 mm. California (Los Angeles)...convergens, sp. nov. 10—Moderately stout, piceous to blackish in color, with the elytra paler ; legs, trophi and antennz pale, the club dusky; surface polished; head well developed, broadly concave, the clypeus only moderately reflexed, the apex broadly truncate; prothorax but little wider than long, the sides subparallel and broadly, distinctly arcuate ; process rather short, lamelliform, with a triangular incisure at the mid- dle, the process abruptly formed ; punctures very fine and srarse ; elytra short,. 90 JourNaAL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. less than one half longer than wide, scarcely as wide as the prothorax and one- half longer, evenly rounded at apex, the punctures minute and sparse, those of the series larger and closer. Length 1 0-1.2 mm ; widtho.4-0 5 mm. Florida. pullulum, sp. nov. 11—Narrowly cylindric-oval, moderately shining, pale flavo-testaceous throughout ; head and eyes well developed, the front concave; clypeal process narrow, long, the apex strongly rounded ; prothorax distinctly wider than long, the apex evenly and circularly rounded, the sides becoming parallel toward base; punctures very minute, sparse and feeble ; base distinctly margined as usual ; elytra fully as wide as the prothorax and two-thirds longer, not quite one-half longer than wide, parabolic- ally rounded at tip, margined at base, the punctures sparse, very feeble and ex- tremely minute, even smaller than those of the prothorax; surface smooth. Length I.0-1.I mm.; width 0.4-0.45 mm. Florida...... unicorne, sp. nov. Unicorne is evidently closely related to the Brazilian corniferum of Mellié, but in that species the cephalic process is said te be broad, re- curved and narrowed to the acute apex. Ceracis AZe/ie. This genus is scarcely distinct from Lxnearthron, agreeing in facies and in every structural feature except the antenne, which are 8-jointed, one of the small joints of the funicle Deine eliminated. Theswo species before me are as follows :— Rufo-testaceous, the elytra blackish toward base ; punctures very minute and sparse, the remaining characters nearly as in puzctulata. Louisiana [Mellié], North Carolina and Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.)....... Hoe eod de sallei 12/7. Black throughout, the head and prothorax sometimes picescent ; legs, trophi and an- tennze pale ; surface polished, the elytra nearly smooth ; head and eyes well de- veloped ; clypeal process rather well developed, with its sides but slightly con- verging, the apex broadly sinuato-truncate ; prothorax slightly shorter than wide, the sides feebly convergent and broadly arcuate from the base to the rather pro- nounced but obtuse apical angles; process very abruptly formed, moderate in length, the exterior angles somewhat everted and the apex deeply sinuate ; punctuation quite deep and close-set but rather fine; base finely margined ; elytra at base as wide as the prothorax, less than one-half longer than wide ; the sides nearly straight and feebly convergent ; apex broadly rounded, base not in the least margined ; punctures finer and sparser than those of the prothorax, confusedly arranged. Length 1.25-1.3 mm.; width 0 55-0.6mm. Florida. punctulata, sp. nov. The species recently described from Lower California by Dr. Horn, under the name s7mz/is, appears to resemble sa//ez, but differs from both the above in having the elytral punctures coarser than those of the prothorax, a very exceptional character in Aznearthrou and Ceracis. June, 1898 ] Casey: NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 91 Octotemnus JAZe//ié. This is a very pronounced and distinct genus, differing from Z7- nearthron in the oval outline of the body, absence of male sexual char- acters of the head and prothorax, and in tibial structure. The maxil- lary palpi are slender and pointed, the antennal club well developed and very loose, the joints being attached by very slender pedicels and with the sensitive pores approximate at each side of the apex. The prosternum is short and somewhat concave before the coxze, with the pro- cess thin and laminate. There is no fovea on the first ventral segment of the male, but the surface is feebly and approximately bi-impressed near the base, the intervening area elevated and prolonged backward in an isolated triangular point, a structure not suggested elsewhere in the family. The surface is glabrous, but the elytra have a few widely dis- persed erect sete. Our two species are very closely allied; they may be described as follows from the male :— Form more narrowly oval; size larger, the basal abdominal process of the male very acute at apex, pale testaceous, polished throughout ; head and eyes well developed, the latter convex; front broadly, evenly convex, very minutely, sparsely punctate ; clypeal margin slightly thickened for a short distance from the eyes ; prothorax but little wider than long, circularly rounded at apex, the sides diverging slightly to the base; angles all very broadly rounded ; base very minutely margined ; punctures very minute, feeble and sparse ; elytra fully one- half longer than wide, a little wider than the prothorax and nearly twice as long ; sides feebly arcuate, the apex rather narrowly parabolic ; base not margined ; hu- meral callus very small, feeble ; surface feebly rugulose, the punctures extremely minute and sparse. Length 1I.4-1.75 mm.; width 0.55-0.75 mm. Pacific coast (from Vancouver to San Francisco).............. denudatus, sp. nov. Form rather shorter and more broadly oval, polished, the pronotum more or less alu- taceous, blackish to pale flavo-testaceous throughout ; head and prothorax nearly as in denudatus, \he elytra barely one-half longer than wide, distinctly wider than the prothorax and barely twice as long, the surface nearly smooth, very mi- nutely, sparsely punctate. Length 1.35-1.6 mm.; width 0.6-0.65 mm. Rhode Island, New York and Pennsylvania............... ... laevis, sp. nov. Both of these species are very common, and it is remarkable that they have not been heretofore described. Perhaps the Cvs pumecatus of Mellié may be the same as /zv/s, but that species, taken apparently near New Orleans, is said to have the prothorax longer than wide and the elytra only one-half longer than the prothorax, which language agrees rigorously also with the figure and in no way suits either of the above species. 92 JournaL NEw YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VE SPHINDID. This family forms a very good transition to the Cryptophagidz. The antenne are of a more perfectly clavicorn type than in Cioide, and have a large compact club, with the ninth joint variable in size. The mentum is very large, in striking contrast to the Cioidz, where it is unusually minute. The maxillary palpi are small, slender and pointed and the anterior coxe rather widely separated. The clypeus is con- vex, continuous with the front, narrowed and continued over the larger part of the mandibles, the labrum being small, almost atrophied in Odontosphindus, the epistomal suture fine and posteriorly arcuate. The eyes are large, convex and coarsely faceted. ‘The two genera before me may be distinguished as follows :— Tarsi heteromerous ; antenne I1-jointed, the ninth joint wider than the eighth, but very short, the club virtually 2 jointed, large and nearly cylindr.c ; prothorax den- ticulate at the sides, the elytra with impressed series of coarse punctures ; body olabrousiser anaes ocadeeativrevges Sseeesecece scene oe OGORLOSphindts Tarsi pentamerous ; antennz 10-jointed, the club variable, 2 or 3-jointed ; prothorax not denticulate, the elytra with unimpressed series of fine punctures; body SParSeliyapu ESCM te tote retere ters etatete tte etait es aletetntet te anit eee ta Sphindus Another genus, Eurysphindus, has been described by LeConte, but I have seen no example; the inferior flanks of the prothorax are said to be deeply concave and the body clothed with erect hair. Odontosphindus Zec. These species are much larger than those of Szmdus and are distinguishable at once by the characters of the table; the two species are as follows :— Sides of the prothorax scarcely at all reflexed, finely margined. Atlantic regions. denticollis Zec. S.des of the prothorax distinctly though not very broadly explanato-reflexed, more strongly and quite irregularly denticulate. Body subparallel, moderately convex, pale rufo-testaceous in color, shining though somewhat alutaceous in lustre ; head moderate in size, the epistoma polished and impunctate ; eyes moderately large, convex ; antennz as long as the width of the head, the first joint large, the sec- ond more slender, contorted at base as usual ; prothorax quite transverse, parallel, the sides feebly arcuate ; punctures rather coarse and close set; elytra only just visibly wider than the prothorax, three-fourths longer than wide, the serial punc- tures obsolete toward tip. Length 3.0-3.5 mm.; width 1.25 mm. California (Sonora Co.) severe rete eC dda hatgsth att cbe katate car SN clavicornis, sp. nov. Clavicornis is materially larger than denticoliis, and has a larger, more transverse and more coarsely punctured prothorax. June, 1893.] Casey: NorTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 93 Sphindus Czev. The species of this genus are small and oblong, with duller surface lustre and moderately long, rather sparse pubescence, serial in arrange- ment on the elytra. The three species before me may be thus sepa- rated :-— J\ttarmell Chil 2 eilt@ilacc ona guedodoodna 5 cnaatpoolod noo UbbU doo Doo bonODonaC 2 LATE Ghilyysiiaky Spy@inlils eogapoonoohoaseuCooucGos sSoodbo Oo ODSGEE ORC s50 3) 2—Pronotum minutely and ratker closely punctured, more or less rufo-piceous in color. Atlantic regions to Iowa .........0. ccc cece ee ones americanus Zec. Pronotum more coarsely and quite sp rsely punctured. Body black, stouter, dull in lustre ; head and eyes moderate in size, the epistoma polished ; antennz a little longer than the width of the head, the club only moderately stout, the tenth joint twice as long as the ninth ; prothorax nearly twice as wide as long, the sides just visibly convergent from base to apex, feebly arcuate ; apex broadly arcuate ; ely- tra scarcely a fourth longer than wide, barely wider than the prothorax and two and one-half times as long; serial punctures rather fine, the intervals dull and minutely shagreened. Length I.9 mm.; width 0.9 mm. Colorado (Buena OG iteasts (8180) EIS) Sap oh or CORR ONDT BOM ODS OO UraO tC Octo crassulus, sp. nov. 3—Narrowly oblong, more shining, piceous black, the elytra, legs and antennz pale testaceous ; head moderate, the eyes large and convex, separated by about three times their own width ; antenna moderate in length, the last three joints forming a compact subcylindric club; prothorax much smaller than in the two pre- ceding species, transverse, the sides subparallel; surface evenly convex, very minutely and not very closely punctulate ; elytra two-fifths longer than wide, about a fifth wider than the prothorax and three times as long; serial punctures feeble but distinct, the intervals smooth and alu'aceous ; apex obtusely rounded as usual. Length1.7 mm.; widtho.7 mm. Canada (Toronto). trinifer, sp. nov. Americanus varies greatly in size as usual in this and neighboring families ; it is quite abundant and occurs in fungi of various species. 94 JournaL New YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. THE LIFE-HISTORIES OF THE NEW YORK SLUG CATERPILLARS.—XV. PUATE VI, PIGS.) 1-0 te By Harrison G. Dyar, A.M., Pu.D. Heterogenea flexuosa Grote.* 1880—Limacodes flexuosa GROTE, North Am. Ent. I, 60. 1880—Limacodes cesonia GROoTE, North Am. Ent. I, 60. 1894— Heterogenea cesonia and flexuosa NEUMOEGEN & DyAR, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. III, 74. LARVA. 1878—GLovER, II]. North Am. Ent. pl. 95, fig. 19. 1893—PACKARD, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XXXI, 105 (as “full grown larva of Heterogenea sp.”). 1895—Dyar & Morton, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. III, 146 (in synopsis). 1896—Dyakr, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. IV, pl. VI, figs. 3 and 4 (as Zortrictdia fallida). SPECIAL STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS. Dorsal space narrow, of even width, scarcely narrowing at the ends, gently arched; joint 13 rounded prominent. Lateral space broad, oblique, narrowing to the extremities; subventral space small, re- tracted. Subdorsal ridge slight; indicating the change in direction between back and sides; lateral ridge rather prominent, overhanging the subventral space. Outline elliptical, joint 13 only slightly notched on the sides, not forming a quadrate tail. Depressed spaces (1)—(8) present, the subventral ones (7) and (8) only indicated, the others sharp edged and deep, large, dividing the surface into latticed ridges as in Tortricidia pallida, (4) the largest, transversely elongated, the lower segmental (5) moderate, the intersegmental (6) very small, alternating exactly in line with the lower edge of (5). Skin surface covered with coarse clear granules, the depressed spaces finely granular in the base. In the first stage the setee are arranged as in 7. falida, but disappear at the first molt when all the structural characters are assumed nearly in their mature form. Coloration of the pattern and colors of TZ. pallida, modified in detail. * This is not a Heterogenea ; but I reserve generic corrections till the end of these articles. June, 1898.] Dyar: LirE-Histories N. Y. SLuG CATERPILLARS. 95 AFFINITIES, Hapits, Etc. This larva is very closely allied to 7. paléida, but differs in several characters, nearly all of which are a higher specialization. In stage I the setee are smaller, not so distinctly alternating and the anterior limb of the Y-shaped spines is slightly shortened. After the first molt the sete are nearly obliterated, being much more reduced than in 7. padiida. The granules are smoother, more appressed, not subpapillose on the lateral ridge as in the younger stages of Z. falda and the depressed spaces are, if anything, larger. ‘The red mark appears at the same time or sooner than in its ally, but is never so large. It does not exceed the lateral extension of Z. pallida of stage V even in the last stage, VII, though the longitudinal extension is the same in both in the case of the most heavily marked 4. flexuosa. ‘The amount of variation is perhaps not greater in flexuosa than in its ally, though the breaking up of the red band gives the appearance of greater diversity. The moths emerge during the last week in June and lay the eggs singly on the backs of the leaves. The favorite food plant is the chest- nut and the larvz occur on the lower of the main branches of this tree, not on the low shoots nor on any but the old matured leaves. The oak is also a food plant ; I have found the larvee abundantly on Q. coccinea, very rarely on Q. ata. ‘The larve mature early in September. ‘This species occurs scattered all over New York State, usually rare, but occa- sionally locally common. I have taken it in most of the wooded parks around New York City and at various places in Long Island. The present life-history was completed from a newly hatched larva which I found in Bronx Park after a two days’ search, in which I was kindly assisted by Mrs. P. N. Knopf and Miss L. I. Hoff. CRITICISM OF PREVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS. Dr. Packard has described this larva without knowing what it was. ‘I have made an unfortunate error in the description of Zortricidia pallida (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., IV, 170-1), and included characters of H. flexuosa in stages II, III and VI. The figures on the plate of the young larva (figs. 3 and 4) represent stages [V and V1 of . flexuosa. The text of Z. Aalida will be specifically corrected in the ‘‘ additions and corrections’’ to follow at the end of these articles. DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL STAGES IN DETAIL. Egg.—Elliptical, flat as usual; 1.1.7 mm., the shell colorless, white. | Stage J.—Rounded elliptical, tail round ; skin smooth, depressed a 96 JourNAL NEw YoRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol VIL little dorsally above the bases of the tubercles in paired hollows. All colorless. Setae Y-shaped in the subdorsal row on joints 4-11, the front limb a little shorter than the back one (Plate VI, fig. 1) ; two sete on joints 3 and 13; .a middle row of two on each of joints 3 and 4; a single lateral row on joints 3-12. ‘Tips of sete a little enlarged, not distinctly swollen. Subventral setze very fine, obscure, all pale. Head colorless, eye black; body whitish, food greenish. Length, .9g—1.4 mm. Stage 7,—Narrowly elliptical, tail rounded quadrate; dorsum broad and flat, the subdorsal ridge forming its sharply angled edge. Smooth, regular, all the depressed spaces (1) to (6) large and very dis- tinct. Sides concave, lateral ridge smooth; subventral area retracted. Latticed ridges covered with smooth, dense, frosted, appressed granules, one row wide, uniform, not papillose anywhere. Setz absent. Color opaque whitish; later distinctly pale green. Length, 1.3~-1.8 mm. Stage I77.—Rounded, rather broadly elliptical, sides concave at first so that the dorsum stands up as a broad ridge gently arching from head to tail. Tail slightly notched at the sides, rounded. Depressed spaces very distinct, (4) narrowly elongate. Latticed ridges beaded with clear appressed granules, not generally over one granule wide in the narrower parts. Bottoms of the spaces finely granular, dotted, the larger ones with shallow, saucer-like centers. Color green; a yellow line appears along the subdorsal ridge on joints 5-9, widened a little on each seg- . ment. Usually no other marking, but there may be a small, faint, or even distinct dark red dot between the lines on joint 8, or surrounding the depressed space (1) of joints 7-8. Length, 1.8-2.4 mm. Stage ZV.—Rather narrowly elliptical; tail rounded quadrate- Dorsum rather narrow, a little grooved at first. Lateral ridge extend- ing beyond the subventral one. Depressed spaces large and sharp, the latticed ridges scarcely more than one granule wide, but the granules becoming wedge-shaped. All smooth, no setz. Color light green, the yellow subdorsal lines reaching joints 5-10. The dorsal yellow mark varies from a narrow yellow bridge on joint 8 to a red bar on joints 7-8. (see the plate of Z. pallida, pl. IV, fig. 3) or even a rather large round red patch, which does not encroach on the subdorsal lines. Length, 2.4—-3.2 mm. Stage V.—Shape as in the mature larva; tail rounded, scarcely notched at the sides. Dorsum not broad, sides oblique, concave. Lat- ticed ridges several granules wide, smoothly evenly granular, a little frosted. Spaces finely shagreeened with a circular shallow saucer-like centre. Color green, spaces not discolorous except a little yellow in June, 1898.) Dyar: Lire-Historiges N. Y. SLuG CATERPILLARS. 97 (4); a yellow subdorsal line on joints 3-12, not quite reaching either extremity, the pair unconnected at the ends, but centrally on joints 6-9, broadened to the top of the depressed spaces (4) and enclosing in the dorsal space a reddish patch on joints 7~-8 with salmon-colored margin and dark brown latticed ridges. In some examples a reddish mark appears on joint 3 between the subdorsal lines. Length, 3.2-4.3 mm. Stage V7.—Structures as before, tail rounded quadrate. Depressed spaces large, the latticed ridges closely clear granular. Green, the large lateral depressed spaces (4) shaded with yellow. The yellow subdorsal lines reach joints 3 and 13, entirely free * or joined by a yellow bridge on joints 7 to 9 containing a red spot of varying form, corresponding to the variety of the larva. In an example from Bellport, Long Island, the spot was cordate, the depression in front, pink and edged with a crimson line. In another it was in the form of a cross, darker, shaded with brown on the latticed ridges and encroaching on the subdorsal line. (See Z. dalida, pl. VI, fig. 4.) In others the shape was circular, or of the form of the ‘‘club”’ or ‘<spade’”’ as usually depicted on playing cards. There is also another spot at the anterior end. In the Bellport larva it was elliptical, cover- ing joint 3 dorsally, bright red and edged with yellow. In another from Fort Lee, N. J., it was shaded with dark brown like the central spot. It was present in a larva which lacked the central spot entirely. Length, 4.2-6.3 mm. Stage VI7.—(Plate VI, figs. 5 to 9.) Shape as described. Dorsal space of uniform width, scarcely narrowing anteriorly. Skin rather regularly coarsely watery granular on the latticed ridges, the depressed spaces narrow, finely granular. Color pale yellowish green, pigmented in the dorsal and upper half of lateral space, clearer green below. All the depressed spaces yellow in the bottom, the largest with glandular green ceaters. Subdorsal line yellow, straight from joint 3 to the tail, rather broad. On the anterior edge of joint 3 a red mark, widened along the edge, produced backward in the dorsal space more or less. The central dorsal red mark is very variable. It may be absent (Plate VI, fig. 8) or represented only by a narrow yellow bridge on joint 8 slightly red tinted (Plate VI, fig. 9). The usual form is a rounded cross, reaching on the sides nearly or quite to the lateral depressed spaces (4) and in the dorsal space on joints 7 to 9; it may be enlarged to a hexagon (Plate VI, fig. 6) or extend in a dorsal band the whole * Out of 263 larvzee which were found in an oak woods at Yaphank, L. I., only three were entirely without the yellow bridge (Plate VI, fig. 8). 98 JournaL New YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI, length (Plate VI, fig. 5). The color is crimson, marked with purplish brown or blackish on the latticed ridges in the place of the usual spots, a more or less distinct square pale spot covering the depressed space (1) of joints 7-8. Length, 6.3-10 mm. Cocoon as usual. food-plants.—Chestnut, oak, hickory, wild cherry. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. Fig. 1. Stage I, side view enlarged, diagrammatic. 2. One of the single setze more enlarged. 3. Larva in stage III enlarged. 4. Granules from young larva. 5- Mature larva, enlarged, full pattern. «“ 6. The same, widest spot. 7. Front and side views. 8. Mature larva, most reduced pattern, 9. The same, a small red spot. cé IO, 66 II Moth of Heterogenea flexuosa. . The same, variety c@sonza. NOTES ON SPECIES OF NOCTUA WITH DESCRIP- TIONS OF NEW FORMS. PLATE VII. By Joun. B. SmituH, Sc.D. In 1890 I published a revision of the species theretofore lumped under the generic term Agrofis, as Bulletin No. 44 of the U. S. National Mu- seum, and divided up the species among fifteen genera, new and old. The general conclusions reached in that paper have approved themselves. to me since that period; but the increased material has necessitated some changes in the standing of certain species. The genus /Voctwa as restricted by me contained species with all the tibize spinose, the anterior not heavily armed ; front smooth and feebly convex ; antennze in the male ciliate only; vestiture hairy, scaly or mixed ; primaries with apices rectangular or rounded, and as a whole rather subparallel, if varying in width. Nothing essential need be added to this description, and all the new forms since seen fit very nicely into the definition. Most of the addi- June, 1898.] SmitH: NortTH AMERICAN NOCTUID. 99 tions have come from the northern portion of our country and empha- size the character of the genus as one of either high altitude or high lati- tude. It is quite probable that a few species yet remain to be discovere | and these will in all likelihood be rather close allies to something already described. The receipt of material from Manitoba and Calgary has, within the past few years, added considerable to our knowledge of the species of this genus and a very interesting example of close relationship is re- corded here. The additions above referred to have also enabled us to gain a bet- ter idea of the specific standing of some of our species and some of these facts are here recorded. Noctua smithii Sve/en. Tijdschr. voor Entomologie, XX XIX, 157. baja {Smith. Bulletin 44, U.S. Nat. Mus. 78. All authors who had written on the subject up to the date of Snellen’s paper have assumed the identity of the European and North American examples labelled Jaya. Speyer, Zeller, Moeschler and Grote have all examined specimens from both countries and considered them as repre- sentatives of one species only. In the Revision above cited I pointed out that both Lederer and Speyer refer to the anterior tibice as unarmed, while in all the specimens seen by me they were spinose. Unfortunately I had no European examples for comparison, hence could only suggest the question: ‘‘ whether we have not here as in the case of ¢rzangulum and xormaniana, distinct species.” Snellen has carefully compared specimens from both countries and finds the European form with con- stantly unarmed fore tibie. He therefore names the American form as above, while the structural difference thus brought out, assigns Jaya to my genus Ahynchagrotis. It is certainly remarkable that so well marked a structural difference should separate species superficially so much alike. Snellen prefers to separate the European species on a somewhat dif- ferent basis from that proposed by me, and does not accept my genera for their comparatively small number of forms. It must remain for the student with collections from all countries for comparison, to decide as to the advisability of subdivision and to select the basis for it. It is also pointed out that Carneades Grt., is long since preoccupied by Bates, in Coleoptera. If the rule is to be strictly enforced, Mr. Grote’s tern’ must give way, probably to Chera Hubner. 100 JourNAL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. Noctua hospitalis Gro¢e. Of this species I knew only the female type from the Hill collection in 1890. Mr. Grote was inclined in 1886 to consider this a form of perconflua, but as I pointed out, it is much nearer to the European brunnea. "Two years ago Dr. Ottolengui took a perfect male at Man- chester, N. H., which he kindly gave me, and recently I saw a specimen in the Strecker collection, labelled simply «‘ N. Y.”’ The latter specimen was named drunnea and, compared with Euro- pean examples in the same collection, no superficial differences were ap- parent. In view of what has appeared in other instances—notably that of daya—it would be unsafe to cite the two as identical ; hence I present a picture of the male genitalia (Plate VII, fig. 9) for comparison with those of the European drunnea by any one with specimens of the latter at hand. Noctua rubifera Grz There has been much confusion in collections between rzdifera and perconflua, and even Jabels in Mr. Grote’s handwriting are not always correctly applied. When the western forms were added, leading to rosaria, the confusion became yet greater and there seemed to be almost no line of division. swrialis Grote, described from Washington I re- ferred from a comparison of types in 1891 as a probable geographical race of perconfiua. Within the last five years I have received material in this group from all the Pacific Coast States, from Vancouver, from British Colum- bia, from Manitoba and from Calgary, and the result of a renewed study has been the conclusion that there are more species than has been realized, and that even in the East two species have been confused under the name rubifera. Fortunately Mr. Grote gives us a figure of his spe- cies (Can. Ent., VII, pl. I, f. 14), and of this type I have four examples from Orono, Me., Sharon Springs and the Adirondack Mountains, New York. The sexual characters of the two males agree, and are not those fig- ured by me on pl. IV, f. 37, Bull. 44 U.S. Nat. Museum. They are represented on the accompanying Plate VII, fig. 2. This species has the primaries rather narrow, especially in the male, the apex almost rect- angular, outer margin evenly curved and the inner margin nearly straight. None of the ornamentation is at all contrasting, yet in most specimens a diffuse darker median shade is traceable. June, 1898.] SmITH: NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUID&. 101 Noctua cynica, sp. nov. This species reminds one of Orthodes cynica in wing form and gen- eral appearance, hence I give it the same name. As compared with rubifera, with which it has been confused, it is much broader winged, with both costal and inner margins curved at least as decidedly as in perconflua. In maculation it does not differ from rzdzfera, except in the lack of a median shade in the specimens before me. But this may not be permanent, and I attribute most value to the wing form and the totally different genitalia of the male. It was this form that I dissected to illustrate rvdifera in pl. IV, f. 37 of Bulletin 44, already cited, and a new figure is given on pl. VII, fig. 3, herewith. The differences be- tween the two are simply in details and partly due to a difference in mounts. My examples are from the vicinity of Albany, N. Y. It is not impossible that one or the other of these forms may really be the same as the European 7d, or the latter may even agree with one of the western forms. Unfortunately I have none for comparison. Noctua jucunda Wik. = perconflua GRT. This species has approximately the wing-form described for cynica, but is more brightly marked. All the specimens I have seen are dis- tinctly mottled or shaded with yellow and the transverse lines are more irregular. The reniform is more regularly kidney-shaped and both spots are mottled, the orbicular quite usually open above. The male was not before me in 1890, and a figure of the genitalia is presented herewith on pl. VII, fig. 4. It will be seen at once that it is of the same type as in cyzzca while yet very different in detail, and it shows that the new species follows its ally in wing form rather than that most like it in ornamentation. Noctua calgary, sp. nov. At various times Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod has been sending me exam- ples which I have not been satisfied to place with either 7wdcfera or ro- saria, but named vosaria, I think. ‘The recent receipt of specimens bringing the number up to three males and one female—a much better series was unfortunately ruined in sending—makes it possible for me to decide that we have a new species to deal with. Superficially it is dis- tinct by the more trigonate primaries, which have rectangular apices, the outer margin straight to vein 3, then forming an obvious though obtuse angle inwardly. In all the specimens the ordinary spots are gray powdered and the median shade is obvious. ‘The s. t. space is the darkest part of the wing in all examples and contrasts with the pale ter- 102 JourNAL NEw YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VL. minal space. ‘This is exactly opposite to what is usually found in 7z- bifera and rosaria, and by this and the wing form the species may be recognized, I think. The sexual characters of the male are quite different from those of the other allied species and are figured on plate VII, fig. 5. The de- rivation is evidently from the rudifera type, but is modified in both harpe and clasper at least as much as is indicated by the difference in wing form. The examples before me vary in the amount of contrast in the orna- mentation. In one specimen the space between the ordinary spots is black filled ; in another it is still a little darker than the ground color; the others are intermediate. The female has the outer half of the median space darker than the basal portion of the wing ; but this is probably not a sexual characteristic. The dates given are in June and July and one specimen is marked bred from larva beaten from sallows at night. Mr. Dod writes that he bred two examples and that the species is not uncommon. Noctua rosaria G7?. This species I have from British Columbia, Washington and the Sierra Nevada, California. It is like rwdzfera in size and wing form but the ground appears more even, while yet the ordinary spots seem more mottled. The specimens have a somewhat more rusty shading, which yet gives the impression of a velvety surface. It is almost impossible to: put the difference into words ; yet it exists and is visible on comparison, while its importance is demonstrated by the genital characters which are shown at plate VII, figs. 6 and 7. ‘The differences between the two: figures is that between a flat mount (fig. 6) and one in a cell (fg. 7); the latter showing the natural curves and position of parts. Noctua esurialis Gr+. I have specimens from Corfield, Vancouver and from Portland, Oregon, which I take to be this species. Thespecimens from Vancouver agree perfectly with Mr. Grote’s description and with my notes on the type when I referred it as a probable geographic race of jucunda. The latter it is decidedly not, but I am not certain that it is not a form of rosaria. Compared with the latter it seems somewhat broader winged and dirtier ; darker and more sordid in color. Yet the differences are scarcely tangible and as my material is almost all from electric light globes it leaves something to be desired. The genital structure of the male indicates a good species, but leaves. June, 1898.] Smita: NortH AMERICAN NOCTUID&. 103 some doubt. The differences will be found in comparing fig. 8, in plate VII, with those cited for rosarza. The chief point is in the much nar- rower harpes and this amount of variation I have not seen equalled else- where in the same species. Three males, one from Corfield and two from Oregon are practically identical, while three specimens of rosaria from the three localities represented are also practically the same. This study of the forms allied to 7zd¢/era will serve to indicate that our knowledge of the species is by no means even yet complete and that much remains to be done. The material in collections even of the Eastern forms is altogether insufficient in amount and character to fairly illustrate the species. All the examples of the forms referred to here should be preserved for careful study. Noctua inopinatus, sp. nov. Among the material received from Mr. A. W. Hanham, Winnipeg, Manitoba, are specimens that I have named haruspica with some doubt. Other examples from Corfield, Vancouver and 264 (Gillette) Colorado, have increased that doubt and I venture the above name to indicate a form intermediate between the eastern Aarusfica and the western szerra. In size the new species averages less than haruwspica and the color is as a whole more evenly smoky and with less red. The ordinary spots are somewhat better relieved, while the median lines tend to become broken and incomplete, while yet the detached parts may be well marked. In all other respects, including sexual structure of the male, the agreement is with harwspica and the species may be deemed an impres- sionist one, rather than one based on sharply definable characters. Plate VII, fig. 1, illustrates the sexual pieces, the figure given in my Revision having been made, as now appears, from an imperfect speci- men. Noctua treatii G77. Since I wrote in 18go this species has turned up in several places and is now well represented in a number of collections. To the locality given in my catalogue must be added Jefferson, N. H.; Adirondack Mountains, N. Y.; Central Maine and Calgary, Canada. None of the examples seen approaches in size the specimen referred to in my Re- vision and now in the U. S. National Museum. Noctua exuberans, sp. nov. Ground color gray, varying from reddish to almost ashen, more or less irrorated. Head without markings; palpi deep brown at the sides. Collar with the lower half deep sienna brown. Thorax otherwise without markings. Primaries with the median lines obsolete, except on costa where the basal, t. a. and t. p. lines are indi- cated by black spots, A median shade is indicated by a brownish cloud, In one 104 JouRNAL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. ‘specimen it is possible to trace a vague t. a. line part way across the wing. Thes.t. line is indicated but is broken, a little paler, principally marked by the slightly darker terminal space and toward the costa also by a dusky preceding cloud. The orbicular is wanting in the specimens before me. The reniform is small, kidney shaped, black; but with indefinite outlines and incomplete superiorly. Secondaries whitish, iridescent, becoming smoky at the margin, where there is a brown terminal line setting off the white fringes. Beneath whitish, a little powdered at the margins, the primaries a little darker than the secondaries, and in one specimen almost smoky. Expanse, 1,60 inches — 40 mm. ffabitat : Glenwood Springs, Colorado, in July; Dr. Barnes. Three male specimens are before me, each differing a little in color ; but otherwise very similar. ‘The species is allied to Zubricans; Dut is larger and with much less trace of the ordinary markings, while on the other hand the reniform is much more distinct. In most of the examples of /dricans the transverse lines may be made out. In this species there is no appearance of them except on the costa. Two of the specimens are uniform in color, although different in shade. The third specimen is ashen gray along the costa and in the terminal space, while the rest of the wing has a reddish cast. The species reminds one somewhat of zzczvzs, but the wing form is different. In sexual characters the insect agrees in general with the group in which I have placed it, and is one of those showing no very character- istic features. It is represented in Plate VII, fig. 1o. Noctua bolteri, sp. nov. Ground color red with a violet tinge. The markings rusty brown and black. The vestiture of the head and thorax is defective, hence it is impossible to say whether or not they are maculate. Basal line geminate, black, emphasized by brown scales, continuing to the submedian vein and from that point obliquely outward to the inner margin. At this point there is an oblique brown shade which marks the middle of the lower half of the median space. In the cell there is, almost midway between the basal and t. a. line, an upright black mark which is inwardly margined by yellowish scales. T.a line geminate, the outer part black, the inner brown ; included space marked with yellow scales. As a whole the line is nearly upright to the submedian vein and then with a strong outcurve to the inner margin. T. p. line geminate, lunu- la'e, with a square outward bend over the cell, then incurved below ; made up of black lunules f»llowed by yellow scales and outwardly margined by a rusty brown, rather broad and nearly even line. S. t. line yellow, irregular, forming a W on veins 3 and 4, preceded by a distinct brown shade which becomes blackish toward the costa. A series of black terminal lunu'es, which are outwardly marked with yellow. Th:re is a brown, irregular median shade. Claviform large, filling nearly the entire space between the median and submedian ve'ns; outlined by black scales within which is a yellow line, and the whole is filled with brown. Orbicular large, oval, in- complete above, outlined by black scales within which is a yellow annulus. Reni- form very large, broad, hardly kidney shaped, outlined with black scales, then annu- late with yellow; the center with a whitish lunule. Secondaries smoky gray, the June, i898 J SmitH: NortH AMERICAN NOCTUIDA. 105 fringes almost white, a vague trace of a discal lunule showing from below. Beneath primaries pale, powdered along the margin with carmine scales, and with a vague discal spot. Secondaries with a more distinct discal spot and incomplete outer line. Expanse, 1.32 inches = 33 mm. FTabitat: Was Vegas, New Mexico, July rith. A single female specimen was received from Mr. A. Bolter, after whom I have named this most remarkable insect. It is totally unlike any other of the described species in every respect and at first sight re- calls some of the /éwszzd forms allied to Déastema, yet it has all the characters of the genus /Voctwa to which I refer it, and in this genus it stands by itself. Its occurrence in New Mexico contradicts the general distribution of the genus which I have elsewhere referred to, and the male may present characters which will induce the reference of the spe- cies to some other genus. Noctua plebeia, sp. nov. Ground color a dirty clay yellow, with blackish powderings which give it a sordid appearance. Head and thorax without obvious markings. The tip of the collar paler, the general shading of the thorax a little darker than the primaries. There is an obvious divided anterior and posterior tuft. All the markings are traceable, though all are more or less incomplete. Basal line geminate, black, extending to the submedian vein. T. a. line geminate, black, incomplete both parts of the line almost equally distinct ; as a whole with a very slight outcurve. T p. line blackish, powdery, geminate, very even, feebly bisinuate. S t. line consisting of a series of very black spots which may become partly united into a broken line, and outwardly margined by a few yellowish scales. There is a series of brown or blackish terminal lunules, beyond which is a yellowish line at the base of the fringes. There is a dif- fuse median shade which is hardly marked on the costa; but is obvious below the median vein. The claviform is outlined by brown and black scales and filled with brown: Orbicular moderate in size, oval, rather irregular, outlined by pale scales, black filled. Reniform large, kidney shaped, outlined by yellowish and brown scales, and filled with black. The space between the ordinsry spots is brown. Secondaries smoky fuscous, the fringes considerab'y paler. Beneath, smoky, powdery, the pri- maries darker; the secondaries with a very distinct large discal spot and a broad median line. On the primaries similar marks are traceable. Expanse, I.40 to 1.60 inches — 35 to 40 mm. Habitat : Vancouver, August 14th ; Livingston. British Columbia ; California. I have two males and one female, and have seen other specimens ; one at least from Oregon, and I think also a specimen or two from Washington. The California specimen is the only female and is, I be- lieve, from some point in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. This species is very well marked and is unlike any others of those that are described. In a general way it is allied to Jaya, or, as it must now be known, smirhii, 106 JournaL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. but the most obvious difference and the one that will enable this species to be readily recognized is in the black filled ordinary spots. In this character the species is unique. The insect gives the impression, some- how, of a dirty creature. The male parts are very simple, consisting of a single upright corne- ous process on a broad triangular harpe. Setagrotis elata, sp. nov. Ground color ash gray, varying in general shade from a yellowish to a bluish tinge. Head and thorax without markings of any kind. Primaries with all the markings obscured and very feebly traceable. The median lines are always visible as geminate black costal spots, but beyond that they are only vaguely indicated. Ina general way and so far as can be indicated the t. a. line seems to be a little outcurved between the veins, and as a whole a little outcurved in its course. Thet. p. line is even, with an even outcurve over the cell and an almost equally even incurve. The s. t. line is whitish, irregular, broken, well defined by a blackish preceding shade and by the somewhat darker terminal space. The claviform is merely indicated by a few black scales. Orbicular round, of moderate size, incompletely defined by a few black scales, within which is a somewhat more distinct circlet of yellowish scales. ‘The reniform is moderate in size, als» incompletely outlined by black and yellow scales, the lower portion filled with blackish and forming quite a prominent feature in the markings of the wing. Secondaries in the male white, with a vague smoky outer margin and a narrow discal lunule. In the female more smoky, with a blackish outer margin and discal lunule. Beneath whitish, powdery, with a more or less marked outer line and discal spot on both wings. Expanse, 1.50-1.60 inches = 36-40 mm. Hfabitat : Colorado. I have three specimens, two males and one female, received from Professor C. P. Gillette, and numbered 565, 2610 and 2732. The specimens differ considerably, and yet resemble each other quite closely, The female is the larger and much the darker. All the specimens agree in showing the black filled reniform and pale, dark bordered s. t. line. as the only prominent features in the wing. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. Fig. 1. Harpe and clasper of /Voctua tnopinatus, male. Soe ss e os Noctua rubifera, male. ieee Gt SS oe Noctua cynica, male. G4, | «oC Ge OG Noctua jucunda, male. Cte aN GG Ol Noctua calgary, male. 66) 6G C6 6G Noctua rosaria, male. 7 66 G6 56 Noctua rosaria, male. GON CU “e GG Noctua esurialis, male. 0 @) fe fe os Noctua hospitals, male. OG Tey | 06 Ct oe Noctua exuberans, male. All the figures are drawn with a camera lucida and to the same scale. June, 1898.] ScaHaus: New Species OF NOCTUID. 107 NEW SPECIES OF NOCTUIDAE FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. By WILLIAM SCHAUS. Noctua herculeana, sp. nov. Head and thorax reddish brown. Abdomen griy. Primaries at the base viola- ceous, limited by a geminate velvety black basal line ; the antemedial line partly gem- inate, oblique and not reaching the inner margin, most heavily marked on the costa ; the space before the antemedial line grayish; the median space violaceous brown ; orbicular indistinct, partly surrounded by black ; the reniform large, diffuse, whitish gray ; the postmedial line fine, geminate, followed by a row of small spots ; the post- medial space light brown, followed by the broad dark violaceous brown margin. Sec- ondaries smoky brown. Expanse, 60 mm. ffabitat : Trojes, Mexico. Agrotis aureolum, sp. nov. Head golden yellow. Collar and thorax concolorous, dark reddish brown. Primaries similar to Agrotis malefida Gn, but browner and the postmedial line more distinct. Secondaries pure white. Expanse, 4o mm. Habitat: Castro, Parana. Agrotis perotensis, sp. nov. Body light reddish brown. Primaries light reddish brown; the lines very fine and slightly darker ; basal and antemedial lines somewhat oblique and hardly wavy ; the postmedial very slightly curved beyond the cell and marked by minute points on the veins ; subterminal line wavy, paler than the ground color and inwardly shaded with darker brown especially towards the costa; orbicular large, very oblique ; reni- form large, kidney shaped, both spots olive brown, surrounded by a pale line. Sec- ondaries white with a slight reddish brown tinge; fringe darker; discocellular well marked. Expanse, 41 mm. fTabitat : Las Vigas, on the Cofre de Perote. Elevation 10,000 ft. Agrotis oaxacana, sp. nov. Body very dark brown, almost black. Primaries blackish brown; lighter brown along the basal half of costa to below cell; the antemecial and postmedial lines geminate, indistinct; a subterminal light brown shade crossed on veins 4 and 5 by black streaks; claviform very small; orbicular and reniform hardly perceptible ; some light brown spots at the base of the fringe. Secondaries smoky black, whitish towards the base; fringe go!'den. Expanse, 39 mm. Habitat : Oaxaca, Mexico. I have only received 2‘? 9 of this distinct species. 108 JournaL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. Agrotis molepa, sp. nov. g. Antennze pectinated. Head and thorax light reddish brown. Abdomen yellowish white. Primaries light reddish brown; antemedial line replaced by three black spots, on costa, median and submedian veins; postmedial line punctiform, black, hardly curved on costa and parallel with outer margin ; reniform small, black. Secondaries pearly white. Expanse, 36 mm. FHfabitat: Castro, Parana. What I consider as the 9 of this species has the primaries dark red- dish brown with transverse black strize, making the costal margin much darker; orbicular represented by a black point; reniform small, black. Secondaries white, thinly speckled with black. Expanse, 42 mm. Flabitat : Castro, Parana. Amathes gasiva, sp. nov. Head and thorax dark gray, the scales tipped with white, and a black central line on the collar. Abdomen brown with a subdorsal basal tuft of dark gray scales. Primaries dark gray ; the basal line black, indistinct ; the antemedial line black, out- wardly curved between the veins ; the postmedial inwardly curved between the veins, more narrowly black, but very distinct and followed by a line of dark scales; the subterminal wavy, lighter gray, preceded and followed by a brownish shade; the veins on outer margin blackish ; the claviform outlined in black; the orbicular and reniform large, tinged with brown and irregularly outlined with black; a broad dark brown median shade crossing the wing between the spots. Secondaries brown, whitish towards the base; a terminal white line. Underneath light grayish with a minute discal spot and postmedial line. Expanse, 28 mm. Habitat: Las Vigas, Mexico. Elevation 10,000 ft. Strongly resembles 4. ¢esse/loides Grote. Amathes yaxcaba, sp. nov. Head and thorax gray, the anterior portion of collar velvety black. Abdomen light grayish brown. Primaries gray, minutely speckled with black ; a basal black line not reaching the inner margin; the antemedial line diffusely angulate, irregular, sometimes only visible on the costal margins ; the postmedial represented by a black spot on costa; the subterminal most indistinct, forming a faintly darker shade near costa ; reniform indistinctly and unevenly outlined in black. Secondaries white, with a fine terminal brown line. Underneath primaries and costal margin of secondaries grayish. Expanse, 33 mm. Flabitat : Orizaba, Mexico. This species is allied to A. 4zbricans Gn, and the Q is easily dis- tinguished by the white secondaries. Mentaxya butleri, sp. nov. Body light gray. Primaries silvery gray with all the markings very indistinct ; a basal interrupted line; a geminate antemedial and a geminate postmedial line June, 1898.] ScHaus: NrEw SPECIES OF NOCTUIDA. 109 darker gray ; a median and a subterminal reddish brown shade ; the orbicular and reniform finely outlined in dark gray. Secondaries white, the margins faintly shaded with brown. Expanse, 30 mm. ffabitat : Jalapa, Mexico. There is a specimen of this species in the B. M. from Rio Janeiro. Mentaxya biformis, sp. nov. Head and thorax gray with a reddish or black spot anteriorly on the collar. Primaries gray, crossed by numerous transverse brownish strice ; a minute dark basal spot on the costa; the antemedial line straight, inwardly oblique, crossing the clavi- form which is represented by a small black spot ; outer line curved beyord the cell, in- distinct ; orbicular absent; reniform small, reddish brown. Inthe 9 the lines and reniform are also absent. Secondaries pearly white in the ¢, the margins shaded with brown in the 9. Expanse, 33-36 mm. Ffabitat : Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. I may here mention that MZentaxya lucilla Btl., is a synonym of A. messium Gn. Anicla mahalpa, sp. nov. Head and thorax light gray or pale buff, the anterior portion of thorax sometimes reddish or velvety brown. Primaries light gray or pale buff with transverse darker strize, and thinly speckled with black ; a few reddish scales in the cell and subtermin- ally ; the outer margin irregularly dark gray; a terminal row of dark points ; three dark points on the costa ; orbicular absent ; reniform spotted and surrounded by small black sagittate marks. Secondaries and fringe pearly white. Expanse, 38 mm. flabitat : Castro, Parana. The peculiar reniform and pearly white secondaries distinguish this species from A. zzczvis Gn., to which it is otherwise allied. Carneades colima, sp. nov. Head and thorax brownish yellow. Primaries brownish yellow, brightest along the costal margin and at the base ; two small dark brown basal spots, below the costa and median vein; antemedial line dark brown, angular ; postemedian line puncti- torm on the veins, connected by a lunate shade ; the subterminal very fine, indistinct ; the extreme margin brownish with a terminal row of black points ; orbicular repre- sented by a brownish patch ; reniform large, kidney shape, brownish, circled with yel- low. Secondaries wh'te with an interrupted dark terminal line. Expanse, 41 mm. Flabitat : Colima, Mexico. Carneades cofrensis, sp. nov. Head and thorax grayish; collar with a black posterior line. Abdomen light brown. Primaries light green, mottled with brown ; basal and antemedial lines white, connected by a brown patch below the median vein; some brownish shades on the costa and a large white spot above the median vein ; space between spots and before 110 JouRNAL NEw YoRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. orbicular brown ; claviform large, brown; orbicular greenish, speckled with brown and broadly circled with white ; reniform large, indistinctly outlined and shaded with brown and partly margined with white ; postmedial line brown, denticulate, outwardly shaded with white and outwardly preceded by a brown shade below the reniform ; subterminal indistinct, forming a broad shade; a terminal row of triangular black spots; fringe gray. Secondaries light gray, with a darker terminal line and the discal spot of the underside clearly visible. Expanse, 35 mm. Habitat : as Vigas on the Cofre de Perote, Mexico. Elevation 10,000 feet. Polyphzenis psittacea, sp. nov. Head and thorax bright green. Abdomen trown with a few subdorsal greenish tufts. Primaries bright green; the lines brown, geminate ; the antemedial irregular wavy, the basal straight, the postmedial crenulate; the subterminal shade heavy and irregular, brown, followed apically by some brownish spots; a terminal crenulate black line. Secondaries reddish brown, paler towards the base; an interrupted darker terminal line; the fringe partly green. Underneath primaries reddish brown ; secondaries lighter brown, with a discal spot, postmedial line, and broad marginal band all reddish brown. Expanse, 35 mm. flabitat: Aroa, Venezuela. Jalapa, Mexico. Poly phzenis aurea, sp. nov. Head and thorax bright green. Abdomen golden yellow with a brownish sub- dorsal line. Primaries bright green ; basal marks blackish, irregular, antemedial line brown, geminate from costa to median vein only, then single, fine angular to inner margin ; postmedial line fine, black, wavy, deeply curved beyond the cell, and border- ing a large brown median space on the inner margin; vein 6 black, from postmedial line to outer margin; subterminal shade only visible at apex. Secondaries golden yellow with a large apical reddish brown spot. Primaries below with the basal half and inner margin golden yellow, otherwise dark brown; secondaries below golden yellow with a broad brown band on the apical half of the outer margin, and a small brown spot on the costal margin. Expanse, 40mm. Flabitat: Aroa, Venezuela. Mamestra zobira, sp. nov. Body dark brown, paler dorsal tufts on the abdomen. Primaries dark violaceous brown, the lines fine, black ; the basal line outwardly, the antemedial line inwardly shaded with reddish brown ; the postmedial line crenulate, outwardly shaded with reddish brown; the subterminal broken into an irregular row of reddish brown spots, inwardly shaded with black, the spot at inner angle being the largest; a few minute pale spots on the costa; the orbicular absent ; the reniform indistinct, mottled with reddish brown scales. Secondaries whitish in the disc, otherwise black. Expanse, 31 mm. fTabitat : Orizaba, Mexico. Jamaica, W. I. June, 1898.] ScHAaus: New Species oF NOcTUID&. 111 Mamestra janeira, sp. nov. Body dull brown. Primaries reddish brown, darker along the costa and outer margin ; the lines fine, black, basal line geminate, angular ; antemedial line geminate, wavy ; postmedial line crenulate, followed by points on the veins; subterminal line punctiform outwardly shaded with yellowish brown; orbicular large, dark, finely outlined in black and fusing with the darker costal margin; reniform light reddish brown, partly outlined in black, with a minute white spot in its lower portion ; a dark median shade curved, and connected to the lower portion of the reniform by a dark line. Secondaries dull brown; underneath paler with a postmedial dark wavy line and a large black discal spot on the secondaries. Expanse, 35 mm. FTabitat : Rio Janeiro. Mamestra trocas, sp. nov. Head and thorax light dull brown; abdomen paler. Primaries light brown, lines darker, very fine and indistinct ; the basal and antemedial lines wavy and slightly curved ; a dark median shade angled below the reniform ; the postmedial geminate, widely apart, broken, almost punctiform ; a subterminal row of small black spots, outwardly shaded with white towards the apex ; a yellowish white spot at the inner angle ; the spots faintly outlined in black, the reniform containing a few yellowish scales. Secondaries light smoky brown. Expanse, 33 mm. Ffabitat : Castro, Parana. This species is closely allied to 47. dotata Druce. Mamestra baruna, sp. nov. g. Antenne pectinated, yellow. Head and thorax reddish brown; abdomen grayish brown ; anal hairs rufous. Primaries dark reddish brown, the lines indistinct ; the antemedial outwardly curved between the veins ; a postmedial and a subterminal row of black points; the costal margin and fringe reddish; the orbicular minute, circled with white ; the reniform large quadrate, whitish gray. Secondaries pale yel- lowish with an indistinct marginal shade. Expanse, 40 mm. Ffabitat : Castro, Parana. The 9 has the primaries rich reddish brown, the veins somewhat darker; the spots asin the ¢. Secondaries brownish black with red- dish fringe. Mamestra subpicta, sp. nov. Body dark gray ; abdomen rufous beneath. Primaries above dark blackish gray, the lines black and indistinct; some mottling from the base to the antemedial line, and the space between the postmedial and subterminal lines, light brown; a terminal row of black points and some brownish spots on the fringe; orbicular small, reniform, large, both light brown circled with black. Secondaries very dark brown, the fringe whitish. Underneath the primaries light rufous along the costa and subterminal space ; the cell and apical half of outer margin black ; a wavy black postmedial line. Secondaries below whitish, thickly mottled with reddish, scales towards the apex ; a 112 JourNAL New YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VE. large black discal spot, and the commencement of a broad black antemedial band; a wavy black postmedial line. Expanse, 22 mm. Habitat : Orizaba, Mexico. Hecatera marmica, sp. nov. Head and collar whitish speckled, with black. Thorax dark gray. Abdomen light brown. Primaries blackish gray ; the lines indistinct ; the basal line followed by a broad white band from the costa to the submedian vein ; a broad subterminal white siade interrupted above angle by a dark spot, occupying inner margin from the postmedial line to the angle itself; fringe dark gray, spotted with white ; postmedial line denticulate ; orbicular dark, hardly discernible; reniform large, mottled gray and white. Secondaries white with the costal margin and a terminal line brownish. Expanse, 30 mm. ; Habitat : Oaxaca, Mexico. Hadena lignaris, sp. nov. Head and collar light brown: posterior portion of collar and two transverse lines reddish brown. ‘Thorax reddish brown. Abdomen light brown. Primaries reddish brown with numerous longitudinal light and dark brown lines; the transverse lines hardly perceptible, light brown and very irregular ; spots small, indistinct with a cen- tral dark point. Secondaries brown, semitransparent towards the base; a discal ‘spot. Expanse, 34 mm. Habitat : U.S. Colombia. This species is allied ¢ Hadena ordinarius Btl., and A. patina Harv. Both ordinarius and patina are common in Mexico and may eventually prove to be the same species. Alibama scuroba, sp. nov. Head and thorax blackish brown; abdomen lighter brown. Primaries blackish brown with the markings very indistinct ; the lines fine, velvety black; the basal line angular, the antemedial outwardly curved between the veins, the postmedial in- wardly curved; the subterminal shade narrow, brown, followed by a dusky dark gray marginal shade; the spots finely outlined in black. Secondaries pearly white with a terminal dark line and some postmedial clusters of dark scales on the veins. Expanse, 30 mm. Flabitat: Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. The female has the outer half of the secondaries black, the base white. Expanse, 36 mm. This species bears a strong resemblance to the dark forms of Alibama terens W\ik.=A. pulchra Moésch, but the secondaries are very distinct. Oligia niveiplaga, sp. nov. Head, collar and patagice lizht reddish brown ; thorax white ; abdomen brown. Primaries light brown ; the inner margin wh'te, the upper portion of this white space June, 1898 ] Scuaus: New Species or Nocruin#. 113 circular ; the lines fine, black, indistinct, not crossing the white portion of the wing ; orbicular and reniform finely outlined in black ; a broad black streak from the cell across lower portion of reniform to the outer margin ; the subterminal shade white, in- distinct. Secondaries white, the apex and adjoining portion of outer margin brown ; a minute discal spot beneath. Expanse, 27 mm. Flabitat: Aroa, Venezuela. Oligia apicalis, sp. nov. Head and collar grayish yellow ; thorax reddish gray. Primaries reddish gray speckled with black, forming indistinct lines ; the apical portion of the wing beyond the cell and from inner angle dark brown ; on the inner margin close to angle a red- dish brown shade, above which the indistinct subterminal shade of reddish brown eresses the dark portion of the wing; an apical reddish gray spot. Secondaries brown in the 9, paler at the basein the g. Expanse, 32 mm. Habitat: Aroa, Venezuela ; Castro, Parana. Oligia thoracica, sp. nov. Head, collar and thorax light reddish brown, the scales tipped with white ; pata- gize dark velvety brown. Abdomen light brown. Primaries brown, slightly mottled with gray; the basal line black, outwardly shaded with white; the antemedial line black, forming three curves and outwardly oblique, the costal portion outwardly shaded with white ; the postmedial line white on costa, then finely black, outwardly shaded with white, on which some minute black points are visible to the inner mar- gin; a dark brown shade descends from the costa on the inner side of reniform and joins the postmedial line at vein 2; a black space on the costa beyond the postmedial, and a dark streak between veins 4 and 5; the subterminal shades indistinct, yellow- ish, followed by some grayish shades ; the orbicular round, pure white ; the reniform brown, indistinct, surrounded by darker shadings. Secondaries whitish with a mar- ginal brown band; the discal spot and postmedial line of the underside distinctly visible. Expanse, 30 mm. Habitat: Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. Oligia cadema, sp. nov. Head and collar reddish brown, thorax gray. Abdomen grayish brown. Pri- maries brownish gray, palest beyond the postmedial line; basal line indistinct, pale ; antemedial line light grey, forming three Jarge curves and outwardly oblique ; an in- wardly oblique dark shade from the antemedial at the mediah vein to the base of the inner margin ; the postmedial line geminate, finely crenulate, the space within partly lilacine ; a darker shade to the outer margin between veins 3 and 4; the subterminal shade indistinct, gray, shaded on either side with brown; a very dark line in the cell between the spots; orbicular punctiform, white; reniform large, oblique, grayish, outlined with black. Secondaries in both sexes pearly white, the apex and part of the outer margin smoky; the discal spot and punctiform postmedial brown line of the underside visible above. Expanse, 27 mm. ffabitat : Castro, Parana. Described from seven specimens show- ing variability. 114 JourNAL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VB. Trachea paranica, sp. nov. Head and collar brownish gray. Thorax mottled olive, gray, black and white. Abdomen dark gray. Primaries olive green, thickly mottled with lilacine gray, all the veins being of the latter color; a broad median band being most devoid of mottling ; the basal line black, broadly shaded with white outwardly ; the antemediab line black, curved between the veins and inwardly bordered with white ; the postme- dial crenulate, indistinct, slightly shaded outwardly with white; the subterminal broad, white, and very wavy, outwardly shaded with black at the middle of the inner margin and above the inner angle ; a terminal row of black points ; the margin lilacine gray ; orbicular small, grayish ; reniform dark circled, indistinct. Secondaries whit- ish at the base, otherwise grayish black. Expanse, 35 mm. Ffabitat : Castro, Parana. Praina, gen. nov. Eyes naked. Antenns= pectinated. Fore tibize without spines ; mid tibiz with three terminal spines ; hind tibize with two pairs of spines. Primaries with outer margin rounded; vein 8 and 9 anastomosing to form the areole. Secondaries with veins 3 and 4 slightly stalked. Abdomen long, stout, conical. Praina radiata, sp. nov. Head and thorax dark velvety brown ; a pale line between antennz and poster- iorly on collar. Thorax pale buff; patagicze with a broad dark brown band. Abdo- men light brown. Primaries pale buff; a broad brown space below subcostal vein, and also below median vein; the submedian shaded on either side with brown; the intervenal spaces on the outer margin dark brown. Secondaries yellowish white with a terminal brown line. Underneath primaries and costal margin of secondaries brown. Expanse, 32 mm. Flabitat : Castro, Parana. Leucania oriza, sp. nov. Primaries light pinkish gray with a slightly darker central shade from the base to the outer margin; a few black scales scattered over the wing; the median nervure between veins 2 and 3 faintly white, above which there is a minute black point; a terminal row of black points. Secondaries smoky gray, whitish at the base. Ex- panse, 30 mm. Flabitat: Orizaba, Mexico. Leucania jaliscana, sp. nov. Head and addomen ochreous; collar light reddish brown with three transverse gray lines. Primaries light ochreous, the subcostal and median veins slightly grayish ; the fringe and a triangular shade on the outer margin dark reddish brown; a light reddish brown shade at the end of the cell, and a white spot on the median vein ; some antemedial clusters of dark scales below the median vein; a postmedial row of black points. Secondaries white with a terminal fine brown line; the base of the fringe ochreous. Expanse, 32 mm. Flabitat : Guadalajara, Mexico. June, 1898.] ScHaus: New Species oF NOCcTUID&. 115 Leucania oaxacana, sp. nov. Head ochreous gray. Collar and thorax light gray speckled with black. Primaries light gray, the veins faintly whitish, black scales scattered over the wing, thickly so along the median vein on which is a white spot containing a black point ; a postmedial row of black spots ; a terminal row of black spots. Secondaries whitish gray, the veins and a terminal line brownish. Expanse, 33 mm. Habitat: Oaxaca, Mexico. Leucania misteca, sp. nov. Head and thorax reddish gray. Primaries pinkish gray speckled with black ; the outer margin darker with long fine black streaks between the veins; a dark central shade from the base to beyond the cell ; a minute whitish spot on the median vein ; a postmedial and a terminal row of black points. | Secondaries white ; a terminal row of black spots between the veins ; the apex and base of the fringe smoky. Expanse, 35 mm. Habitat: Oaxaca, Mexico. Leucania orizaba, sp. nov. Body reddish gray; the collar posteriorly dark gray, anteriorly with two fine black transverse lines. Primaries light reddish gray, the veins paler, and darker longitudinal streaks between the veins ; some black points below the median vein ; the postmedial row of black points very much curved, inwardly oblique, geminate from beyond the cell; a whitish speck on the median vein preceded and followed by a broad black streak ; a terminal row of black points ; a subapical dark shade on the outer margin, Secondaries grayish brown, paler at the base ; the base of the fringe yellowish. Expanse, 35 mm. Habitat: Orizaba, Mexico. Atethmia targa, sp. nov. Head and thorax brown, the scales tipped with white. Abdomen rufous brown. Primaries brown. powdered with whitish scales, the lines whitish ; the basal line al- most invisible ; the antemedial line somewhat oblique outwardly and shaded with darker brown especially on the basal side; a median brownish shade crossing the reniform which is indistinct ; the postmedial line strongly angled beyond the cel! and slightly curved inwardly to the inner margin ; the subterminal line slightly wavy ; the orbicular represented by a brownish dot. Secondaries silvery white ; a broken termi- nal black line. Expanse, 24 mm. Habitat: Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. Atethmia editha, sp. nov. Head and thorax light brown, the scales tipped with white; the collar edged with white. Primaries brown thickly speckled with white scales, the veins finely whitish ; all the transverse lines fine whitish ; the basal line indistinct ; the antemedial line curved on costa, then outwardly oblique to inner margin ; the postmedial line the heaviest and followed by a whitish shade, this line and the subterminal being parallel with he outer margin; a terminal lunuler brown line ; the fringe mottled brown and 116 JourNAL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. gray ; the orbicular and reniform distinct and dark, both finely edged with white. Secondaries silvery white in the ¢, smoky inthe 9. Expanse, 30 mm. Ffabitat: Castro, Parana. Atethmia paulensis, sp. nov. Body pale fawn color. Primaries silvery fawn color crossed by an antemedial, postmedial and subterminal line; these three linés are fine, brown, and angled near ihe costa; the fringe brownish ; the spots not visible. Secondaries white, the fringe and margins narrowly silvery fawn color. Underneath fawn color with traces near the costa of a postmedial and subterminal line; a minute spot at the end of the cell on the primaries. Expanse, 32 mm. Flabitat: Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. This species is nearly allied to A. rectifascia Grote, from the United States. Dacira ranapa, sp. nov. Pal pi brown tipped with white. Head white. Collar brown with some white sca'es posteriorly. Thorax dark brown. Abdomen light brown with a subdorsal white tuft on the firstsegment. Primaries above with the base dark brown, limited by the antemedial lighter brown wavy line ; the median space white ; the orbicular and reniform indis- tinctly outlined in gray, the latter crossed by a smoky brown band, which is slightly oblique from the costa and then forms a single outward curve to the inner margin ; the postmedian line denticulate, velvety brown; a large dark br-wn patch from the reniform to the postmedial line ; a brownish patch on the costal margin beyond the postmedial and not reaching the apex; the outer margin yellowish shaded with dark brown on the extreme margin ; fringe dark brown; the subterminal represented by a few scat- tered dark brown scales. Secondaries whitish with the outer margin broadly grayish brown. Underneath whitish ; the outer half of the primaries brownish ; the second- aries with a wavy, postmedial line, a small discal spot and some grayish scales along the costal margin. Expanse, 23 mm. Flabitat: Castro, Parana. Cucullia lilacina, sp. nov. Head and anterior portion of collar dark gray; collar otherwise and thorax light gray ; abdomen gray with the dorsal tufts dark brown. Primaries lilacine gray with- out the usual longitudmal streaks ; the base, inner margin, and heavy streak above the inner angle, dark brown ; the fringe on the inner margin partly black ; the apical portion beyond the cell light reddish brown, becoming darker on the costa, where there are three small white spots ; the orbicular of the ground color finely outlined in black ; the reniform light reddish brown, indistinct ; a blackish shade from the costa, between the spots not reaching the median vein. Secondaries sordid white, the veins and outer margin brownish. Expanse, 40 mm. flabitat: Orizaba, Mexico. Cucullia strigata, sp. nov. Ilead very dark gray; collar and thorax lighter gray of the same shade as C. postera Gn; abdomen still paler, with dark gray dorsal tufts. Primaries same color June, 1898.] Scuaus: New Species oF NocrTulpé. 1 as thorax ; same general shadings as in ©. convextpennis Grote, but darker ; a long basal streak below the median vein; another dark streak starting on the median vein at a third from the base and continuing along vein 5 to nearly the outer margin. Sec- ondaries sordid white at the base, the outer margin broadly dark brown, Expanse, 45 mm. Habitat: Jalapa, Mexico. This species bears a similarity to C. convexipennis Grote, but the color is quite different. Chloridea distincta, sp. nov. Head and thorax light olive green. Abdomen brownish. Primaries light olive green ; a brown line inwardly shaded with paler green from close to the apex on the costal margin to nearly the middle of the inner margin. Secondaries brown in the ©, the fringe white. Secondaries in the ¢ white with a broad brown margin. Un- derneath primaries brown, with the costa, apex and outer margin gray. Secondaries grayish with a large brown space at anal angle; a postmedial dark line and discal spot. A discal spot also on underside of primaries. Expanse, 32 mm. flabitat: Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. Acontia obscura, sp. nov. Head, collar, thorax below, and abdomen of the ¢ ventrally, also the tibize, bright orange: tarsi black; the hind tibizee black at points. Abdomen and thorax dorsally dark greenish black. Primaries dark greenish black. Secondaries bluish black. Expanse, 36 mm. flabitat: Guadalajara, Mexico. Acontia trilinea, sp. nov. Head, collar ¢nd body beneath, orange yellow. Thorax orange, the patagize bordered with greenish black ; abdomen dorsally black. Primaries olive green ; the costal vein broadly yellow to nearly the apex ; the median vein narrowly yellow, this color extending for a short distance on veins 3 and 4; the submedian vein broadly yellow. Secondaries bluish black. Expanse, 34 mm. Ffabitat: Jalapa, Mexico. Possibly an extreme form of A. od- scura Schs. Tarache pyralidia, sp. nov. Head and collar light rufous. Thorax dark brown. Abdomen light brown. Primaries gray shaded with dark brown on the basal third; the outer margin broadly light rufous, inwardly shaded with brown ; the fringe brownish. Secondaries whitish, faintly smoky along the outer margin. Expanse, [9 mm. Habitat: Oaxaca, Mexico. Tarache axendra, sp. nov. Head and collar dark olivaceous green. Thorax black. Abdomen brown. Primaries dark olivaceous brown; traces of antemedial and postmedial black lines, beyond the latter clusters of steel gray scales extending toward the apex; similar 118 JournAL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. clusters on the inner margin ; three large white spots on the costal margin, and a whitish patch close to anal angle ; the extreme outer margin and fringe steel gray; a terminal row of black spots. Secondaries brown, darkest on the outer margin. Un- derneath the secondaries are fuscous with a terminal brown shade and some dark spots on the costal column. Expanse, 21 mm. Flabitat: (Guadalajara, Mexico. Tarache mizteca, sp. nov. Head and thorax dark steel gray. Collar whitish. Abdomen yellowish, Pri- maries with the anterior half olivaceous and three large spots on the costal margin ; the inner margin dark steel gray, with traces of an antemedial and postmedial dark line ; a large white spot at the anal angle containing some clusters of grayish scales and a terminal interrupted black line. Secondaries white with the outer margins ‘brownish yellow, especially at the apex. Underneath yellowish, the dark portions of the primaries visible. Expanse, 25 mm. Flabitat: Oaxaca, Mexico. Tarache jaliscana, sp. nov. Head black. Collar and thorax white. Abdomen brown above, white below. Primaries white, the marginal third of the wing violaceous brown shaded inwardly with olive green ; some terminal patches of lilacine scales, and a double grayish termi- nal line ; the basal third of the costal margin steel gray. Secondaries white in the ¢ with smoky margins, entirely brown inthe 9. Expanse, 35 mm. flabitat: Guadalajara, Mexico. Tarache duenna, sp. nov. Head creamy white. Thorax grayish. Abdomen dark gray with transverse whitish lines. Primaries violaceous, mottled with brown and black scales; a large white spot on the centre of the costal margin, inferiorly bordered with olivaceous green ; some whitish scales at the base and also on the outer margin below the apex. Secondaries yellowish white, the outer margin smoky. Expanse, 2I mm. Flabitat: Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. Eustrotia bertha, sp. nov. Head and collar grayish Prothorax fawn color. Abdomen light brown. Primaries with the basal half creamy fawn color shaded with longitudinal brown streaks ; the outer half lilacine gray with a subterminal white line preceded by some whitish shades ; a few apical dark brown streaks Secondaries white in the g witha terminal brown line, and minute spot in the cell ; slightly smoky at the apex. Secon- daries brown in the 9. Expanse, 20 mm. Habitat: Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. Xanthoptera auruda, sp. nov. Bc dy and primaries bright yellow ; a broad transverse orange line, curved beyond the cell and inwardly oblique to the middle of the submedian vein ; the orbicular and reniform represented by orange dots; a similar dot below the orbicular; a terminal June, 1898.] ScuHaus: New Species or NoctTuipD&. 119 brown line ; the fringe dark gray. Secondaries pale yellowish, shaded with brown on the outer margin. Expanse, 20 mm. flabitat: Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. Galgula cuprea, sp. nov. Head and abdomen brown. Thorax violaceous. Primaries violaceous ; the outer margin broadly coppery red ; the antemedial line irregular, olivaceous, finely bordered with brown ; the postmedial line straight, olive green, divided by a fine brown line and inwardly shaded with dark brown ; a small triangular olivaceous patch resting on the postmedial line beyond the cell and having a white line at its base. Secondaries brown. Expanse, '8 mm. Habitat: Castro, Parana. Galgula castra, sp. nov. Body and primaries light violaceous brown. The lines and spots asin G. partita Gn., but having in addition a distinct subterminal wavy line. The secondaries are yellowish white. Expanse, 25 mm. Habitat: Castro, Parana. Rivula mandane Druce, of which I possess the type is merely one of the paler forms of G. fartifa Gn. Palindia hermura, sp. nov. . Body bright yellow, the collar and thorax outlined with white. Primaries above bright yellow ; a basal spot on the costa reaching the median vein, a broad and irregu- lar antemedial band, and a spot on the costa at two-thirds from the base all lilacine faintly outlined with black ; at the anal angle a white line, shaded with lilacine strice, extends to vein 5. Some small black apical costal spots ; a dark terminal line ; the fringe yellow tipped with silvery white. Secondaries whitish yellow shaded with bright yellow below the cell and along the margins ; on the outer margin a large spot, white and lilacine shaded with darker strice. Underneath the wings are pale yellow- ish white. Expanse, 26 mm. | flabitat: Jalapa, Mexico; Aroa, Venezuela. Dyomyx volcanica, sp. nov. Body and wings lightish brown. Primaries with a fine dark velvety basal line from costa to the submedian vein; a large irregular dark velvety brown triangular space from the costa to just above the inner margin, limited by the antemedial and medial lines which are pale ; an oval daik spot surrounded by a yellowish line and containing a fine blue point extends from this space to the inner margin ; the reniform large irregularly outlined with dark brown ; the postmedial line dark, angular, only visible near the costal margin ; a subterminal row of dark spots beyond which the outer margin is darker ; a terminal dark line preceded by a row of yellowish dots; fringe dark brown. Secondaries with a terminal yellow line ; some brown and black scales on the outer margin surmounted by a cluster of bluish scales, above which two yellow- ish curved lines edged with black extend towards the cell and outer margin ; the fringe brown, towards the apex yellowish. Underneath brown with a postmedial dark wavy lire, and an antemedial line on the secondaries. Expanse, 43 mm. Habitat: Orizaba, Mexico. 120 JourNAL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. Dyomyx jonesi, sp. nov. Body brown. Primaries above with the basal half dark reddish brown, the outer half lighter brown, separated by an oblique transverse line from the middle of the costal margin to the inner margin at two-thirds from the base ; this line outwardly shaded with yellowish ; just above the inner margin and close to this line a black spot surrounded by an orange line and containing a white dot ; a dark basal line from the costa to the median vein ; an oblique, dark antemedial line from costa to middle of inner margin ; a postmedial line from costa to vein 3, where it is lost in a cluster of grayish scales which extend to the inner margin ; the reniform large, outlined in dark brown ; a sub- terminal irregular line of dark sagittate spots outwardly shaded with yellowish; a terminal dark gray line. Secondaries dark brown; a subterminal yellowish line sur- mounted near the anal angle by white and lilacine scales, above which an irregular yellowish line extends towards the cell and also towards the outer margin; a termi- nal gray line; the fringe partly yellowish. Underneath the wings are brown with a wavy dark postmedial line, and an antemedial shade on the secondaries. Expanse, 46 mm. Jakofepyans 2 sSeVoy ENGI, (Sy. 18, Liravaill, Orzsia serpens, sp. nov. Palpi, head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen light brown, laterally buff. Pri- maries above dark silky brown, the veins tinged with violaceous; two dark median transverse lines, the outer one the more conspicuous and forming a border to the tooth on the inner margin; a subterminal dark wavy line, not reaching the submedian vein and extending abruptly to the outer margin, forming an angle which encloses a small yellowish spot. Secondaries brown, fringe whitish. Underneath primaries dull brown with the costal margin whitish. Secondaries whitish, the outer margin dull brown, and a dull brown streak at the base of the costal margin; a small brownish discal spot whitish in the center. Expanse, 35 mm. flabitat: Jalapa, Mexico. Phrodita bilinea, sp. noy. Palpi orange. Head, thorax and abdomen creamy white. Primaries above creamy white, the costal margin finely orange ; a velvety black streak below the me- dian vein, not quite reaching the outer margin; a black point in the cell followed by a black streak to the outer margin and which is crossed at the end of the cell by a whitish line. Secondaries white. Underneath primaries yellowish white, showing indistinetly the streak on the up er side ; secondaries white. Expanse, 33 mm. ffabitat: Castro, Parana. June, 1898.] Dyar: NEw SPECIES AND LARVA OF SAWEFLIES. 121 ON THE LARVZE OF CERTAIN NEMATINZ AND BLENNOCAMPINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES. By. Harrison G. Dyar, Pu.D. Pontania borealis J/ar/att. Galls on Salx sericea at Plattsburg, N. Y.; solitary, smooth, ex- ceeding the edge of the leaf, reaching from the midrib to beyond the margin and at varying distance from the base; not evenly divided by the leaf about one-third above, two-thirds below; shape pyriform or rounded ; a few corky dots; color greenish, strongly red shaded, espe- cially above; length, 8-9 mm., width about 6 mm., height, 5 mm. The substance is thick, teed white with pink lines. Larva.—Head .6 mm.; all white, eye and mouth black. Last Stage.—Head pinion a dusky shade above the clypeus, eye black mouth, brown; width 1.0 mm. _ Body all white, waxy, not shin- ing, segments Ghecunels 3-annulate, a little shaded with blackish in the folds. Thoracic feet rather large, colorless; abdominal ones on joints 6 to 11, distinct, slender. Body uniform, subventral folds somewhat prominent, joint 13 tapering. Length, 6.5 mm. _ Single brooded ; cocoons in decayed wood. Pontania consors JZar/att. Galls found with the preceding on 5S. sericea, but gregarious, hairy and spherical. Near the base of the leaf, three or two together, rarely but one, exceeding the margin often by half the diameter of the gall ; not evenly divided by the leaf, about one-third or a little more above, two-thirds below; pale greenish, often heavily marked and mottled with red above, paler below, rarely uniformly pale. Strongly silky hairy like the leaves below, less hairy or even smooth above; size 8.5)<8.5\< 7mm. or as small as5 mm. in diameter. ‘The substance is fleshy, strongly streaked with pink. Larva.—Head .g mm. ; all white, eye and mouth black, segments annulate, with large obscure concolorous tubercles; joint 13 tapering. Single brooded; cocoon in decayed wood. Pteronus carpini J/ar/atz. Gregarious on the iron wood,* Fort Lee, N. J., in September. Head shining black, 1.8 mm. wide, under the lens black dotted on a * T am not certain now meen this tree was the Ostrya virginica or Gains caroliniana, 122 JourNAL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. sordid ground, mouth brownish. Feet on joints 6-11 ; no glands everted. Segments coarsely 4-annulate with small dark setee. Color dull green, the spiracles with faintly discolored yellow blotches; dorsal region shaded with black, the color streaked on the annulets, not forming a distinct regular edge and not complete, tending to be broken into dor- sal and subdorsal bands. Subventral folds double. A spot below the spiracle and one above the base of the leg, black. Thoracic feet and venter pale. Imagoin May. The species is probably double brooded. The larva looks like that of Preronus corylus. Pteronus integer Say. Dr. Packard describes a larva on spruce (5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 838) as of this species. It is green with a dusky supra-ocellar shade, the dorsal vessel edged with light green and a white lateral stripe. The number of feet is not given. I think there is some error here and that this larva is not that of z7- teger. ‘The true larva is described herewith. Stage V.—Head sordid greenish with a heavy brown-black shade. reaching up each side behind the eye, a dotted shade on vertex, the sutures pale; width 1.6 mm. (2). Body green like Wematus chloreus not very sordid nor very transparent; black marks at the base of the thoracic feet. Segments irregularly 6-annulate in this large larva, bringing thespiracle on third annulet, 5-annulate in another with spiracle placed normally. No other marks. Anal plate concave-truncate as in LV. chloreus. The larva is throughout closely allied to chloreus and differs only in having the head marked with dark shades in the last stage. Tracheal line visible. Single brooded, no ultimate stage; cocoon as usual in the earth. Found on Quercus tinctorta at Brookhaven, Long Island; not com- mon, the rarest of the oak feeding Nematids Pteronus quercus J/ar/ate. Solitary on white oak (Q. aééa) resting on the edge of the leaf. Stage [V.—Head round, eye black, a very faint posterior dark shade; width . mm.; whitish, sordid with scarcely any ochreous tint. Body colorless, translucent, appearing sordid from the food by transparency, the incisures folded; segments obscurely 4-annulate, smooth ; anal plate concave-truncate, no prongs. A large black spot at the base of the colorless thoracic feet; abdominal ones on joints 6-11. ‘Trachez white. Stage V.Head 1.3-1.5 mm. (& @) colorless, faintly yellowish, June, 1898] Dyar: New SPECIES AND LARV& OF SAWFLIES. 123 eye black; a distinct shaded black line posteriorly from behind the ocellus to vertex. Body sordid greenish, annulets dull, incisures folded. Anal plate and marks at base of thoracic feet as before. Trachez and folds of incisures white. Single brooded ; cocoon in the ground. This larva closely resembles /Vematus chloreus but is not so green and has a black shade on the head in the last stage. Brookhaven, Long Island, in June. Nematus chloreus /Vorv/on. On the black oak (Q. coccinea) at Bellport, Long Island, in June, a solitary edge-eating Nematid. gg slits in the edge of the leaf just before the point of the apex, 1 mm. long,.5 mm. deep, semi-circular, swollen, yellowish. Stage J.—Head sordid whitish, eye black, a dusky shade behind and over clypeus; width .4 mm. _ Body whitish translucent, green from the food, smooth, slender, curved, annulate; feet on joints 6-11; a ventral elevation on joint 5; no sete. Black marks at the base of thoracic feet. Stage J/.—Head whitish, dull, eye black, the vertical shade behind it reaching nearly to apex; width .6 mm. Body rather finely annulate, whitish, green only from the food, bases of thoracic feet marked with black. Anal plate truncate, concave, the posterior rim dusky bordered. Stage J//.—Head rounded, whitish, eye black, a dark shade behind; width .8 mm. Body translucent sordid greenish, no marks except at bases of thoracic feet ; spiracles blackish. Stage [V.—As before, the dusky shade behind the eye has become small; width 1.15 mm. Anal plate projecting, truncate-concave ; no prongs. ‘Translucent whitish green with black marks at base of thor- acic feet. Stage V.—Head green, eye black, mouth brown, no marks; width 1.4-1.6 mm. ( ¢ @ ) clearer green than before, incisures folded ;_ black marks at bases of thoracic feet clouded, small. Anal plate truncate, slightly cordately notched, no prongs. A little green fat in joint 13, the frass not contrasted ; dorsal vessel obscure. Head shagreened, dull; body also dull. Thoracic feet colorless, abdominal ones small, slender on joints 6-11 and 13, functional. Segments irregularly wrinkly 6-annulate, last annulet very narrow, the others subequal; no sete even under a ¥%4-inch objective. Sometimes the body is faintly yellowish subdorsally from the obscure fat granules; spiracles dusky. 124 JoURNAL NEw YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. ' Cocoon elliptical dark brown, single, formed at the surface of the ground. Single brooded. ‘This is the commonest of the oak feeding nematids on Long Island, N. Y. Hemichroa fraternalis /Vorv7on. 8 described by Norton (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, 81). Q black and rufous. Head black; prothorax pale, whitish, interior lobe of mesothorax and upper half of pleura shaded with brown ; abdo- men largely pale brown. All the segments above broadly banded with black and narrowly so below. Legs luteous, femora and tibia lined with: black. Wings hyaline, nervures black, costa and stigma luteous. Length, 9 mm. ‘Texas, New York, Massachusetts. A perfectly dis- tinct species, not nearly allied to A. albidovariata. ‘The larva lives on the young leaves of the white oak in May and early June, solitary. Each larva eats away the leaf from the midrib or a large vein and uses. the vein as a perch somewhat in the manner of the young Léminitis They hold on by the thoracic feet and thresh the body around violently when disturbed. There are probably five larval stages. Stage 7.—Head rounded, dull, dusky, eye black; width .4 mm. Body annulate, sordid grayish green, uniform with short black points. A dark line at base of thoracic feet. Stage [7.—Head .6 mm., sordid whitish, gray posteriorly, eye black;. body slate gray, whitish below the spiracles. Stage [/7,Head small, leaden black, width .9 mm. Segments. 6-annulate, with black points on the second and fourth. Body slate gray, more or less whitish subventrally below the spiracles, a dusky — shade along subventral folds. Thoracic feet largely black, abdominal ones small, on joints 6-12, 13: Venter waxy grayish white. Stage /V.—Head sordid leaden, clypeus and back of head nearly black; antenneze and eye black ; width 1.3 mm. Dorsum leaden black,. somewhat broadly greenish centrally except in the incisures, below the spiracles nearly white, the subventral folds marked in blackish, forming a double row of dashes. ‘Thoracic feet largely black, abdominal ones pale. Black points on second and fourth annulets small. Later the larva becomes more greenish with growth. Stage V.—Head black, the face pale and vertex gray; or a light fleshy brown; width 1.6-1.8 mm. (¢ 2). Body sordid greenish gray, white subventraily, a lateral leaden gray shade band touching the stig- matal line; dusky marks on the subventral folds; points small, black. Thoracic feet pale, black at base; a trace of white bloom on head. In some the subventral region is scarcely contrasted and the larva appears. June, 1898.] Dyar: NEw SPECIES AND LARVA OF SAWFLIES. 125 more uniformly gray. The black points vary in distinctness, sometimes obsolete. Occasionally the larva is very pale, an albino, with dull red head and sordid white body marked with an olivaceous blackish lateral band. No ultimate stage; cocoon dark brown, formed in the earth. Single brooded. Larva referred to as ‘‘F’’ Can. Ent. XXVII, 330. Hemichroa albidovariata (Vor/on. 2 described by Norton (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. IV, 81). 3 closely similar to 2 with the three basal segments of abdomen above yellowish white, the basal plates black. Two 29, one ¢ from Texas (Belfrage), coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., one from larva at Bellport, Long Island, N. Y. The larvee live on the black oak (Q. coccinea) in May, eating the young leaves, resting on the edge, the abdomen slightly curled. Stage V.—Head pale red-brown, eye narrowly black, mouth dark brown; width 1.8 mm. (2). Feet on joints 6-12, 13, moderate; seg- ments regularly and distinctly 6-annulate, spiracle on second annulet. Color translucent fleshy brown, a lateral row of irregular black spots on annulets 1 (small), 2-3 (large), 4-5 (rather small), the large one broken on some segments; all absent on joint 13; anal plate immacu- late. Some small black marks around spiracle; a distinct black patch on the anterior subventral fold and a smaller patch on the posterior one. Feet and venter unspotted, but a black mark at the base of thoracic feet. Dorsal vessel and paired dots on annulet 1 dusky translucent. No ultimate stage ; cocoon in the ground; single brooded. Hemichroa phytophagica, sp. nov. 2 extremely similar to . albidovariata but the pale lines on an- terior lobe of thorax are short and obscure and the basal plates of ab- domen are black. One @ bred from larva from Bronx Park, New York, and two ? @ in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. marked ‘‘saw fly on white oak’’ from Miss Murt- feldt, No. 241 M., Dept. Agriculture, No. 3168. Found on the young leaves of the white oak in May. In Bronx Park these larvee were mixed with those of HZ. fraternalis, and showed somewhat the same habits by eating away the leaf from the midrib; but they do not use this as a perch and are true edge eaters. Stage J.—Head rounded shining black-brown; width .4 mm. 126 JouRNAL NEw YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. Body lustreless blackish, segments 6-annulate with rows of short, blunt, - pale points on second and fourth annulets, about six on each side. Tracheal line pale; feet on joints 6-12, 13. Eats the whole leaf on the edge. Stage [7,—Head pale, faintly brownish, eye black with a very faint dark shade reaching upward. Body whitish translucent, colored by the food, the points blunt, fleshy, dark at tip. Stage I/1,—Head very pale brownish, eye narrowly black. Body translucent waxy whitish, segments 6-annulate, the points whitish ; no marks. Incisures folded,tracheal line white. Stage [V.—Head pale brown, eye black. Body moderately trans- lucent, dull whitish with a tinge of yellowish and green, the folds of skin whiter. Points obsolete; no marks or, in some, a small black patch laterally on third annulet and another on anterior subventral fold, more or less distinct. In some the points are still visible, pale, rarely distinctly defined by dusky dots. Spiracle on the second annulet. Stage V.—Head pale, finely brewn dotted, eye black. Segments 6-annulate, smooth, no points seen. Skin thin, the body uniformly green from the blood, dorsal vessel dark, outlined by a little green fat, not contrasting strongly. A black patch on the anterior subventral fold and sometimes another laterally. ‘Tracheze evident, their ramifications visible nearly up to the dorsal vessel. Thoracic feet pale; anal flap smooth. Abdominal feet on joints 6-12, 13. The larva is now very green, differing markedly from the preceding stages. A single example from Bellpcrt, Long Island, had a black dot on the thorax, subdorsally on the second annulet of joints 2 and 3, one on the anterior subventral fold of joint 3 and one at base of each thoracic foot. The paired dusky translucent patches in annulet 1 were also noted. No ultimate stage; cocoon in the ground; single brooded. ‘This larva is possibly a dimor- phic form of 4. albido vartata, but the food plants differ and the slight imaginal characters seem correlated. GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF THE BLENNOCAMPINE. The following tables have been prepared by Mr. Ashmead for his forthcoming revision of the genera of saw flies and he has kindly given me a copy of them for use here. June, 1898.] Dyar: NEw SPECIES AND LARV OF SAWFLIES. 127 Family SELANDRIID&. TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. Lanceolate cell petiolate; (in only a single genus, Aadosysphinga, does it appear contracted, but the anal vein is faint or subobsolete before uniting with the sub- median vein, while the anal cell in hind wings is wanting). Subfamily I. Blennocampine Lanceolate cell contracted befcre the middle but still open. Antenne 4-jointed, the third joint very long, the fourth very minute. Subfamily II. Blasticotomine Antennz 7 to 15-jointed, the third joint not unusually long, often shorter or not longer than the fourth........... so noo OsooNmeAC Subfamily ILI. Selandriine Lanceolate cell contracted at or at little before the middle and completely closed. Subfamily IV. Aoplocampine Subfamily I. BLENNOCAMPINA. TABLE OF GENERA. Reo Lontiwines with foursubmarsinall cellsi3..sclaciel- cle elsleyeielels leis cieieteieicieiei-e oie 3 Front wings with three submarginal cells, the first transverse cubitus wanting, very rarely with the second transverse cubitus wanting. Hind wings with two discal cells We, eel ale) si ayol(ejistie\ a olvie! siisi@lielle joi ella)ie/ eieliwie) =jes! «eve 2 Hind wings without discal cells. MLC = Tk —LA GOMES 5) atae ate) ein eye iehalereietel =a) eley eivi=eie Fenella Westw. Antennz 9-jointed. Hind wings with a distinct anal cell............ Fenusa Leach. Hind wings without an anal cell....... Kaliosysphinga Zaschd. 2. Head transverse ; clypeus anteriorly truncate ; front wing with the second trans. EESEP CLUS WADE Osis 5 cctictcis, © orslcvaiais) cata; slesdisicietoveteleys Palmatopus artic. Head large, quadrate, the temples broad ; clypeus anteriorly deeply emarginate ; antennz densely hairy, the third jo’nt nearly as long as joints 4-5 united. Xenopates Cameron. 3. E es extending to base of mandibles or at most with only a linear space between. 7 Eyes more or less distant from base of mandibles, with a distinct space between. Hind wings not surrounded by a bordering nervure at apex. ..... ...... 4 Hind wings surrourded by a bordering nervure at apex, and without a discal cell; claws bifid or with a tooth within. ; Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian, petiolate or sub- petiolate at apex. f..... GaONe seater alee * Periclista A onow. (= Mogerus Mac G.) Anal cell in hind wings fully as long as the submedian. ¢ Isodyctium Asim. g. n. (Type caryicolum Dyar. ) * Mr. MacGillivray was not justified in changing the name of this genus, since the cynipid genus is Periclistus, not Periclista. 128 JourNAL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VE. A, labiacl (ies yrlaout a Cleseal Ghiscal Cll, coscasandcoasndcanbasadaoeanouen. 6 Hind wings with a closed discal cell. Claws simple or with a minute scarcely perceptible tooth within. ........ 5 Claws cleft or with a large tooth within. Anal cell in hind wings as long as the submedian. 2 Isodyctium 4shm. Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian. Transverse median nervure in hind wings received by the discal cell at or somewhat deyord the middle; sheaths of ovipositor equally thickened and more or less obliquely pointed at apex ; third joint of antennz almost as long as joints 4-5 united. 9 Periclista Kozow. Transverse median nervure in hind wings received by the discal cell defore the middle; sheaths of ovipositor produced at apex intoyanthorny Wkeltips Orne eerie Ardis Konow: 5. Third joint of antennz longer than the fourth ; sheaths of ovipositor at tips obtuse. Pareophora Konow. Third joint of antenne a little shorter than the fourth, never longer ; sheaths of ovipositor at tips rounded ; clypeus anteriorly truncate. Rhadinocerzea Aonow.. 6. Anal cell in hind wings as long as the submedian. 9. .... Isodyctium 4sim.. Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian. G ........ Ardis onow. 7. Third joint of antennze longer than the fourth. ...............00c0ceeeeeee- & Third joint of antennze shorter than the fourth or not longer; hind wings with oneudiscalacellliaclawsibitideaseen eee Phyl matocera Dahm... 8. Preesternum of mesosternum not at all separated by a suture................. oy Preesternum of mesosternum separated by a distinct suture. Clypeus anteriorly truncate ; hind wings with one discal cell, the anal cell shorter than the submedian ; claws loog, simple.. Tomostethus Zers. 9. Elind! wings) withrone’discallcelll s,s sae. aa ele ee eee i132 Hind wings without a discal cell. Hind wings with the marginal cell pointed at apex and sometimes open. . 12 Hind wings without a surrounding nervure at apex the marginal cell well roundedvatapexyandiy27/7saniappendacen marr eeeeie irene: 10 Hind wings with a surrounding nervure at apex the marginal cell well rounded at apex but w2thout an appendage............... «+++ II 10. Third transverse cubitus curved inwardly and not extending in the same direction: with the transverse radius, the third submarginal cell considerably larger than the first and second united ; antennz dense'y pilose, tapering toward tips, the third joint longer than the fourth ; claws cleft. 9 ¢.Parazarca Ashm. g. n. (Type fumipennis Ashm. ). Third transverse cubitus straight or nearly so, and running in the same direction with the transverse radius; antennz pubescent, the third joint nearly as long as joints 4 and 5 united Claws cleft or bifid; anal vein in front wings straight, not curving upwards. at tip; transverse cubitus in hind wings not short, the anal cell shorter than the submedian, briefly petiolated... 9 Erythraspides 45/7. g. n. (Type pvgma@a Say. ) June, 1898.] Dyar: NEW SPECIES AND LARV OF SAWFLIES. 129 Claws simple ; anal vein in front wings curving upwards at tip; transverse cubitus in hind wings very short, the anal cell longly petiolated. 9 ¢. Blennocampa Zartiz. 11. Third transverse cubitus curved inwardly, not extending in the same direction with the transverse radius, strongly divergent ; third submarginal cell larger than the first and second united ; pedicel as long as the scape, about thrice’as EHCka were Aer cistrstycretancraevee sivicle a Meiers s'alnian ae LBs eye Calozarca Ashm. g. n. (Type fasczpennis Nort. ) Third transverse cubitus straight or nearly so, and running in the same direction with the transverse radius ; third submarginal cell hardly longer than the sec- ond, much smaller than the first and second united ; pedicel shorter than the SEA EMMIS amit icte isin, vials osiaias ws Sn er syas mw ceieiemns Erythraspides 4shm. 12. Third transverse cubitus in front wings not running in the same direction with the transverse radius ; marginal cell in hind wings wit an appendage ; third joint of antennz much shorter than joints 4-5 united; claws with a small tooth WHEL S TARE HEPA a .chc aa ahs) apate i iniats caoer sce wie aire arate, al epoy uataceis Scolioneura Konow. Third transverse cubitus in front wings almost interstitial with the transverse ra- dius, and running in the same direction; marginal cell in hind wings without an appendage, sometimes open at apex ; claws witha strong triangular tooth at scat Uk yeh creche tens amacied a etm toe Entodecta Konow. 13. Hind tarsi usually longer than their tibize ; clypeus very small, transverse-linear. antennz densely pilose, the third joint longer than the fourth. 9 ¢. Zarca Cameron. Hind tarsi not longer than their tibice ; clypeus not small, anteriorly subemargi- nate or truncate. Antennze pubescent, the third joint distinctly longer than either the fourth or the fifth. Third submarginal cell longer than the first and second united ; antennze long, tapering toward tips, the third joint about as long as joints 6-9 united Or yac ye BODOG ODISE CTD OOM DOR NAD OU TOOL Calozarca Ashm. Third submarginal cell not longer than the first and second united ; antennze with the third joint usually not longer than joints 9-10 united ........................ ..... Monophadnus artig. Antennz clothed with long appressed hairs, the third and fourth joints equal, the fifth longer, all somewhat thickened toward tips. .Senoclia Cameron. Periclista diluta Cresson. These larvze are briefly described from Riley’s notes in Packard’s Forest Insects (5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 206), but without giv- ing the most essential characters. The bred flies in collection U. S. Nat. Mus., have the lanceolate cell of hind wings unusually long, though still shortly petiolate at tip. Periclista purpuridorsum, sp. nov. 3. Black, segments 2 to 4 of tergum dull luteous ; angles of prothorax (except a black dot) aid tegulze white ; tip of clypeus and labrum pale. Legs black at base, ends of femora and tibicze whitish and brown, tarsi dusky, nervures brown black ; second recurrent received at base of third submarginal cell, almost interstitial, 130 JouRNAL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Voi VI. ©. Reddish brown and black. Head black, tip of clypeus and labrum pale brown. Thorax brown, a black spot on each lobe, lower half of pleura and pectus black ; pro- thorax and tegulz whitish. Abdomen brown, shaded with black on each segment, the basal four segments solidly black ; ovipositor sheath black ; all the segments above and below narrowly lined with whitish posteriorly. Legs reddish, coxz black, tibiz whitish and tarsi dusky. Middle cells of hind wings one or none. The larva re- sembles that of P. dz/uta as far as that description goes. Stage /7/T,—Head black, a pale dot at apex of clypeus; width .6 mm. Body green, food darker, the four dorsal spines on each side black with white limbs. Stage V.—Head pale in sutures and face, all the black marks touch- ing each other ; width, 1 mm. Body green, dorsum faintly shaded with purplish ; spines as before, all distinctly furcate. Stage V7.—Head pale, the lobes broadly black and a geminate spot in clypeus; width, 1.4 mm. Segments indistinctly 5-annulate, two spines on second (spiracular) annulet, one small one on third behind spiracle, three on fourth; two on each subventral fold. Legs on joints 6-12, 13; rest on venter on surface of leaf. Dorsum to spiracles oliva- ceous blackish, the four dorsal spines black, short with short limbs or reduced to small black buttons; joint 2 anteriorly, subventral region and feet pale greenish white with colorless furcate spines which fringe the sides. The dorsal spines on joints 2, 3, 12 and 13 are not reduced. At the end of the stage the dorsal color fades to purplish. Stage VII,—(Ultimate.) Smooth, no spines, annulets folded ; shining areas represent the tubercles; color translucent waxy greenish white, greener on the thorax, often blue-green ; no purple shade. The larvee enter the earth and form cells lined with brown secretion. Soli- tary on the white cak in May, eating the young leaves; single brooded. Found at Pelham Manor and Bellport, Long Island, N. Y., Washing- tone): iC: Periclista albicollis /Vorvfon. Stage /V.—As in next stage; head .7 mm. Stage V.—Head shining black except mouth anda small arcuate line above clypeus which are greenish; width, 1.1mm. Spines arranged as in the preceding species, quite large and strongly furcate, all black, even the little one on third annulet and the anterior one of the upper subventral fold ; lower subventral spines pale, not furcate. Body trans- lucent green, indistinctly annulate. Feet on joints 6-12, 13. Stage V7.—Head 1.4 mm. The same, the spines with long tapering limbs, longer than the shaft. June, 1898.] Dyar: New SPECIES AND LARVA OF SAWFLIES. 131 Stage VZZ.—(Ultimate.) Not smooth, the tubercles represented by small distinct cones; not shining, all very light whitish green, very much whiter than in the feeding stages, slightly wrinkly annulate, no marks, no tarry shades. Larvaas high as wide, robust. Spins a rather fine brown cocoon either in the earth or after boring in decayed wood. Single brooded. ‘The larva is solitary, rarely several together, resting on the upper side of the leaves of Q. “vcforia early in June. They are unusually sluggish, often feeding upon a single leaf. Others were found on the white oak (Q. a/ba) which appeared less robust and had a pale space on the spines at the bases of the limbs; but the imagines seem indistinguishable from the others. Brookhaven, Bellport and Yaphank, Long Island, N. Y. Periclista emarginata J/acGilfivray. 2. Black, clypeus emarginate, labrum pale; abdomen with the tips of segments lined with whitish below, the last segment brownish ; pro- thorax largely and tegulz white; legs pale, the femora brown, except narrowly on the under side; tips of tarsi dusky. Under wings with one middle cell or none. Two 2 bred from larve similar to those described (Can. Ent., xxvi, 185), which produced the ¢ type. Stage [V.—As in next stage, spines all pale; head .7 mm. Stage V.—Head 1.1 mm., a shade above ocelli, the patch in clypeus single, transverse, later double. Body green, spines all pale, furcate, arranged as in the preceding species of Perictista. Stages VI and VJT have been published. Found on Q. coccinea at Pelham Manor and Van Cortlandt Park, N. Y., in May. Periclista subtruncata, sp. nov. Q.Similar to the preceding, but the clypeus shallowly emarginate. Shining black, prothorax narrowly and tegulz white; abdomen entirely black. Legs brown, coxee and basal two-thirds of femora blackish, tarsi dusky. Sculpturing essentially as in emarginata, but the vertical groove on head shows a tendency to cross the transverse one between the pcs- terior ocelli. ‘Length, 5.5 mm. One °. Not strikingly distinct in either imago or larva from P. emarginata, but both Mr. MacGillivray and Mr. Ashmead have compared the flies and do not consider them the same. Stage /V.—Head pale brown, dotted on a greenish ground, a black 132 JournaL NEw YoRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY [Vol. VI. patch in clypeus; eye and antennze black. Body light yellowish green, the furcate spines paler except the thoracic ones which are black tipped. Feet on joints 6-12, 13, the thoracic ones short, scarcely visible from above. Stage V.—Patch in clypeus brown; body green,-dorsal vessel less contrasting. Stage V7.—Head green, clypeus brownish, eye black. Body rather opaque green, a little whitish dorsally from diffuse fat, dorsal vessel darker green. Furcate spines whitish, dusky tipped on joints 2 and 3 and faintly on anal flap. Stage V77.—(Ultimate.) Smooth, waxy greenish, eye black ; shin- ing, indistinctly annulate, dorsal vessel green. Cocoon in the ground ; single brooded. Found on the black oak (Q. coccinea) in Van Cortlandt Park, N. Y., in May. Periclista chionanthi J7Zur¢fe/dt, (M.S.). ©. Shining black ; tips of femora and tibiz du | luteous, tarsi dusky ; angles of prothorax narrowly and tegulz whitish. Wings hyaline, nervures brown-black ; second recurrent nervure received at basal third of third submarginal cell. One middle cell in hind wings. Length, 5.5 mm. Two 2, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Miss Murtfeldt), no. 296 M. Larva.—Head shining black, mouth parts only pale. Segments in- distinctly 5-annulate, spines furcate, moderate, two on second (spirac- ular) annulet, three on fourth, two on each subventral fold, all furcate except the pair on lower subventral fold. Body yellowish with numer- ous fat granules, a broken subdorsal black shade, distinct at the bases of the second spines. Dorsal spines black-ringed at base. Thoracic feet small, abdominal moderate on joints 6-12, 13; rests on venter on surface of leaf. ‘*Slug on white fringe’’ (Chzonanthus), Kirkwood, Mo., Dept. Agriculture no. 4048 bis. Periclista media /Vor/on. Sitting on the venter on the surface of young leaves of white oak (Q. alba), eating circular holes, solitary. Stage [.—Head very pale brown, eye black; width .3 mm. Body translucent whitish, food brownish; covered with short colorless Y- shaped spines, thick and with short shaft, the limbs blunt, apparently arranged as in the later stages. S/age IT, —Head and body translucent, colorless, eye black ; width .4mm. Spines with long shaft and sharp recurved branches extending June, 1898.) Dyar: NEw SPECIES AND LARVA OF SAWFLIES. 133 in a longitudinal plane. Segments scarcely annulate. ‘Thoracic feet large, abdominal on joints 6-12, 13. Stage [//.—Waxy white, shining, eye black; width.6 mm. Body pale green, principally from the food. Furcate spines moderate, con- colorous whitish. Feet pale. Length, 5.5 mm. Stage JV,—The same. Head .8 mm., length, 6 mm. The body be- comes darker green from the food, but the blood is pale green, tinting the subventral area. Stage V.—The same; width of head 1.1 mm. Stage V7,—Entirely green, no marks. Furcate spines rather short; seeming remote, none dark ; arrangement as usual in fericlisfa with but two spines on the spiracular annulet. Head greenish white, eye black; width 1.4mm. Rarely some of the spines are trifid instead of bifid. A variety occurs with a black patch in the clypeus, but it dis- appears in the last stage, leaving the larva immaculate. Segments indistinctly annulate. Stage V7/,—( Ultimate.) Smooth, all greenish, not shining; head and thorax emerald tinted ; dorsal vessel green. Enter the earth and form cells. Single brooded, common onthe white oak in May, the commonest of the early spring slugs. Van Cortlandt Park, Bronx Park, Bedford Park, Pelham Manor, N. Y.; Fort Lee, N. J., Brookhaven, Bellport and Yaphank, Long Island. KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF Periclista, 9. ce vellow with brown thorax ;) no black above........0- 00.2.4. diluta Cress. HateealEETCOLOE LACK ects ea Saye orci bi aie arg ol eicrarciara yh Cini oniniel eid Gichejie Peers nists 2 2. Bjack of dorsum mixed with brown, abdominal segments very narrowly white BIQTELEN tenets tayereyexo ed avec oharase aretha ecaterayer clavate @ tis purpuridorsum Dyar. Batixe ly blackwabOve.c sjecjac.ctcie-<isisleleiercia oe eine et esata tetelan Tons ots Faiorapatoheneyancee veins 3 peuypeus somewhat, angularly emaroinate sd. csc) ss, « elals a are seis oe peewee seis 4 Clypeus more broadly and shallowly emarginate or truncate...............--- 5 4. Slender, legs whitish and amber brown ; vertical groove from lower ocellar basin GUILE? 3 oy 15,6 h cha Riel Ole oR Renee ens GSICaR OeSAG eee emarginatus ac G. Robust, legs shadi: g to black on femora; vertical groove from lower ocelJar basin SHG ab eM ERIE Se take. st tee ske 2) tc ose lard Mima ec etdloxaesitmee albicollis (Vor. eee lypeusisuallowlywemarcinatens.y...33.< sisters syne ae vist ciereelainiele enclave vie, actrelovevetanere eve 6 Clypeusitruncate, scarcely at alliemarginate: sss s oes dc cs meee eel eel cole 7 6. Legs heavily sbaded with bleckish brown ; transverse groove between upper ocelli straight, sightly crossed by the vertical groove.......... subtruncata Dyar. Legs mostly wh tish below the femora ; transverse groove slightly bent at junction with vertical one, noticrossed by it). ..... sem ec cn ecines chionanthi Muri 7. Legs pale, femora brownish, abdomen brownish at sides posteriorly ; vertical groove short, the lower ocellar basin reaching ‘nearly to the transverse froove. media Vorz. 134 JournaL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [V ol. VIL Isodyctium floridense, sp. nov. @. Brown; anteanze, except basal joint, black. Head narrowly darker brown in the sutures, orbits yellowish. Thoracic lobes lined with yellowish as in 7z/eyz, bat with- out black, only darker brown double marks on the side lobes. Abdomen brown, basal plates yellowish, lined before and behind narrowly with blackish; beneath shaded with black, especially towards tip. Mesopleura brown, with a yellow line posteriorly. Legs pale. Wings hyaline, veins blackish brown, basal half of stigma pale. Length, 6.5 mim. One 2. Florida, U. S. Nat. Mus. (from Am. Ent. Soc.). Larva unknown. Isodyctium subgregarium, sp. nov. $. Head black, clypeus emarginate with two white dots at tip, labrum pa’'e ;. clypeus hollowed below each antennze, the lower rim projecting. Thorax black, tegulze and collar (except a black dot) white ; a line on mesopleura and sutures below white. Abdomen whitish, basal plates and four terminal segments above black, be- low shaded with black. Legs pale, tarsi shaded with blackish, coxee and trochanters. spotted with black. Wings hyaline, costa pale at base, second recurrent nervure re- ceived near base of third submarginal cell. Lergth, 6 mm. ©. Pale yellowish, head, thorax and pleura red Antenne black except basal joint; narrow black linings in head grooves and in sutures behind mesothorax. Legs yel- lowish, tarsi slightly tipped with blackish. Wings hyaline, nervures pale, those to- ward center of wing lined with black. Nomiddle cells in hind wings. Length,6.5 mm. Stage [V.—Head green with a large triangular black patch on each lobe and one in clypeus; width .8 mm. Spines furcate, short, three on second and fourth annulets, one behind spiracle, two on each subven- tral fold, the smaller ones simple. Spines black except the subventral ones; feet pale, abdominal ones on joints 6-12, 13. Stage V.—The same ; patch in clypeus double; width of head 1.2 mm. Spines distinct, the limbs curving, divergent and tapering. Stage V7,.—Head 1.8 mm. Body uniformly green from food, spines black except on lower subventral fold. No change in colorxation. Stage V/I.—(Ultimate.) Smooth, entirely green, eye black; shining areas in the places of the spines. Enter the earth and form cells; single brooded. The larve are gregarious in the early stages, but separate before maturity. Found in May on white oaks (Q. alba, Q. priuus) at Pelham Manor, Bronx Park and at several places on Long Island. Isodyctium infrequens, sp. nov. ©. Robust ; head black, a brown dot between antennz and line at tip of clypeus which is scarcely emarginate. Thorax dark brown, streaked with black on all the June, 1898.) Dyar: NEw SPECIES AND LARV# OF SAWFLIES. 135 lobes, scutellum black ; pleura brown above, black below, pilose. Abdomen brown, segments banded with blackish posteriorly, more distinctly toward base above. Legs brown, tibize and tarsi paler. Wings hyaline, costa and stigma pale. One middle cell in hind wings. Length, 6.5 mm. Stage V.cHead immaculate, eye black; width, 1.1 mm. -Body green, dorsal vessel darker; spines moderate, furcate, arranged as is normal for /sedyc¢ivm with three on spiracular annulet, pale except the terminal ones on joints 2, 3, 12 and 13 which have black limbs and the upper row the whole length which is touched with black at the base of the fork, leaving the apex and shaft pale. Feet pale, 6-12, 13. Stage VZ.—Head 1.6 mm., green, eye narrowly black. Body faintly annulate, spines all pale except the black patches as before. Another had the limbs of the four dorsal spines black whole length. Stage V//,—( Ultimate.) Head slightly brownish tinted, eye black ; width 1.6 mm. Body smooth, green, with shining areas instead of the spines, indistinctly annulate. Color uniform, dorsal vessel dark. Single brooded, cells in the ground as usual. Found on the white oak (Q. ada) at Brookhaven and Bellport, Long Island, early in June, but probably occurs earlier in the mainland where the season is not retarded by cold winds as on the south shore of the island. Rare. Isodyctium murtfeldtiz, sp. nov. 2. Head black, clypeus emarginate, its tip and labrum whitish. Thorax brown, a black spot on each lobe ; metathorax black. Mesopleura brown above, black below, a distinct white line behind ; metapleura shining black, lined through the middle with white. Abdomen mostly pale luteous, basal plates and irregular marks on some of the sutures black. Legs pale, black marks only in sutures of trochanters and cox. Hind wings with one middle cell. Length, 5 5 mm. One °, Miss Murtfeldt, no. 207 M. Larva.—Head green, eye narrowly black; width, 1.4mm. Body green, the spines distinct, well furcate (arrangement not discernible in the specimen, but presumably as in Jsodyctium), all the basal ones broadly black at the base and with blackish limbs. Food plant, black oak. Isodyctium calricolum Dyar. In the larvz previously described (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., V, 193) only the upper spine on second annulet and upper two on fourth were furcate, the rest being reduced to single spines or cones. I have since found others with the spines nearly normally furcate and others perfectly normal, all the spines furcate except the stigmatal one of third annulet, 136 JournaL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI the posterior one of anterior subventral fold and pair on posterior fold. On acquiring the last stage (VI) some of the lower spines become single. Stages 1V to VII observed. Rather common on the hickory at Bronx Park and Bedford Park, New York, in May. The ¢ of J. dipartitum Cress. closely resembles this species in color- ation, but the head sculpturing and shape of clypeus seem different. The 2 is unknown, and may turn out to be quite distinct from that of LI, caryicolum. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF /sodyctium, 2*. ©. Head in part, at least orbits above pales. os... 2. 6c sce en cles cle em eile «ical i=cicle 2 Plead tblaeheg ao a aiie Mao sands chk eu ontyabe tars, Syece elle eucaste alacowels vet ss tales ae oMie cot fea een 5 2. Black on head confined narrowly to sutures..........- eral aie Gyerela bs a ietoveeteheneeme 3 Black on head covering most of vertex besides sutures.............0+.+-0---- 4 3. Lobes of thorax yellow lined ; orbits narrowly yellowish...... floridense Dyar. Thorax and head uniformly red brown except for slight black marks. subgregarium Dyar. 4 Lobes of thorax yellow lined, orbits pale above, black before and behind. rileyi Cress. 5. Upper half of pleura red’ or brows? 2). ceca al= 2 mielelela = tarekele siete ee 6 Pleuratblacke sisi eratcrs eo oo ataeraais ane ere ie he oie levetote eau eta ers tayoechene aoe nite Rte neaetets 9 6. Slender; ocellar basin narrowed, the vertical groove joining the transverse one be- (AGN Whose Ceellasoos secooenouuso seco bUadbodGbaosHougauRsDOOR SOS 7 More robust ; ocellar basin, triangular, the vertical and transverse grooves slightly GSA IE ee ao ens Aa Aan COO A UE OM OOGESO.CCC050¢ 8 7. Middle lobe of thorax brown............+. ae Parse acareue es inzequidens /Vort. Thorax heavily black marked on all lobes................ murtfeldtiz Dyar. 8. Thorax dark brown, the streaks on lobes obscure, brown ; abdomen brown at SUES wiaisce Shoes erereee eaten eleven ok ore etic entass teror er leuus ohareuansnareons's infrequens Dyar. Thorax brown, obscure streaks black ; abdomen yellow at the sides........... 9 9. Rather slender, ocellar basin narrow, joining the straight transverse groove ADOVE Mars optsiersieveis ctatessie iene svatotansitore ei ie inat ee teieroeeeterens caryicolum Dyar. SYNOPSIS OF THE LARV& OF THE NoxtTH AMERICAN BLENNOCAMPIN SO FAR AS KNOWN. The Blennocampine have feet on joints 6-12 and 13, resting flatly on the surface of the leaf; body thick and robust, as high as wide or more so, except in leaf mining forms which are flattened and have de- generate feet. The group is rather heterogeneous in appearance, but includes all the leaf miners, all the spiny slugs and the smooth slugs that are thick and robust. * bipartitum Cress, not included from lack of 2 specimen. June, 1298] Dyar: NEw SPECIES AND LARV OF SAWFLIES. 13T The hairy, slimy, long-woolly or slender slugs and all edge feeders are foreign to the group. 1. Resting flatly on surface of leaf, feet moderately developed, functional......... 2 Weafaniners mectstunctionlessior ADSENEy = sien diet ie'eleiei sig) cis wien v vis s ois wa ale a yele 16: 2. Body with spines or points, distinguishable at least subventrally............... 3 Rechy Geeweiltig.yoecddse So usemaco noo ducdode too cod G UTTOnt oc eatin aoe 15 BwOrspines Onisecond (Spiractiian)Fannullet, \).c:ta\-/sie1 slneiciein scl eiais onc» wm ool 4 Three spines on both second and fourth annulets...................00000.- 9 4. Dorsum shaded with blackish in last stage, at least subdorsally. .............. 5 DYONStIMIENtinelyROTEE Meyer. c, creche teks cis leie siaveuclcvcusleutvelecny wie 'efieevsieyatersisiv’s lebeleisi sist e/a, 5 6 5. Head black spotted ; dorsum purplish, on Quercus alba. Periclista purpuridorsum SNMAT Fontes PRECCUMIG® yers\ac as ss ieie eis ov) oe, as HK sbiehle eo» mi Periclista diluta* Head black ; a subdorsal black line, on Chionanihus..Periclista chionanthi 6. Head and spines blac<; on Q. alba, Q. tinctoria ....... Periclista albicollis Meadeandespines! partlycon wholly :ereens iim icteric aici electors Aminoiey 7. Head with a black supra-ocellar shade and double spot in clypeus ; on Q. coccinea. Periclista emarginata Head green or with only a brownish spot in clypeus. .............- 000 cee. 8. 8. Clypeus brownish ; terminal spines dusky on the tips; on Q. coccinea. Periclista subtruncata All green, at least in last stage; on Q. alba .......... Periclista media Guaecnine ‘on trees (Omerces,: Caxpinus, CAryd) 2. se ovecn wesc wens SLO Feeding on shrubs or vines ( Rzbus, Vitis, Spirea)...... ouoooddeDoouNs 13 Io. Head largely black spotted, spines black; on Q. srznus, QO. alba Isodyctium subgregarium bleadenotispottedsaspinesmmost lym palenricrlcnrictsstmestercisieleisisieienenersieiter-lelciare leis II Hem SpInesnwe llMorked, mot depeneratemryricrs sim cier tials cirereiieve ole stersielloie aielsiie! » 12 12. 13. 14 15. 16. Spines more or less degenerate in last stage ; on hickory (Caja) ; Isodyctium caryicolum Spines black at base and tip; on Q. coccinea .... Isodyctium murtfeldtiz Terminal spines only black tipped; on Q. adda ... Isodyctium infrequens Spines well forked, dorsal ones wih black limbs ; on raspberry ( Abus) Monophadnus rubi SME SHCMNCE MRTG APOUItS stirs sites /atatacve inves crephislol Gaus sieia sialic nt vel ena 14 Head and dorsal points black ; on grape ( Vet/s).... Erythraspides pygmza All green, points white ; on meadow sweet (fica)... Blennocampa spire Head black, body white and yellow ; on ash ( Fvaxinus) Monophadnus barda NNAVES NEM OR EH NCECIIEUS )\ sta's « a)acslajeiase sicie aiareralelctera/e\ sinycieieis «ais Fenusa curta WMS PEATE EASPDETLY (LEE VHS ly «Sia ayn are ni a’atripels eralentioieystsyeieta le eats Fenusa rubi Minin AnaLdee (AUpzL8) Liles ania sjeieiats'd wleie¥s| alecn'a Kaliosysphinga varipes amin ohn poplar. (CZ0h74/265))\-\<tais\ > ereysuclerois cicvelsiai «level eo che eve Entodecta populi Note.—Mr. Ashmead has kindly revised the generic references of * Insufficiently described, 138 JourNaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. the insects recorded in the above table in accordance with his generic synopsis. I have excluded the woolly slugs from this table because yuglandis is clearly referable to the Selandriinz. There is probably some error connected with the account of the other woolly slug, Monaphadnus cary@ of Norton and Packard, and it will be found to be wrongly re- ferred to Monophadnus. NEW SPECIES OF HETEROCERA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. By WILLIAM ScHaus. SYNTOMIDA. Cosmosoma dorsimacula, sp. nov. Head and palpi black. Legs brown; fore cox white. Collar and thorax orange, the latter with two large black subdorsal spots; a minute black point an- teriorly on patagize. Abdomen orange with four subdorsal black spots ; the last three segments entirely black. Wings hyaline, the margins black, the outer margins and apices more widely so; a large black spot at the end of the cell on the primaries. Expanse, 37 mm. ffabitat: Balzapamba, Prov. of Bolivar, Ecuador. Cosmosoma biseriatum, sp. nov. Head and palpi black. Collar black with two metallic blue spots. Thorax black anteriorly, orange posteriorly with a large black subdorsal spot containing some metallic blue scales ; the patagice orange internally streaked with black ; thorax be- Jow dark yellow, the legs brown streaked at the base with yellow. Abdomen above orange, the last four segments black ; the orange portion with lateral transverse black bands, interrupted dorsally. A lateral row of metallic blue spots on all the segments. Underneath the abdomen is yellow; the last segments black and a black band on basal segment. Wings hyaline with black margins, very wide on the outer margins and at apices. A large black spot at the end of the cell on primaries ; a large orange spot at the base of the wings. Underneath the wings at the base are yellow. Ex- panse, 41 mm. Habitat: Balzapamba, Prov. of Bolivar, Ecuador. Cosmosoma bolivari, sp. nov. Head and palpi black. Collar anteriorly black, posteriorly yellow. Thorax yellow, with subdorsal black spots. Abdomen dorsally brown, the first and sixth seg- June, 1898.] New SPECIES OF HETEROCERA. 139 ments yellow, the first having a black subdorsal spot ; anal scales yellow. Under- neath yellow, the last two segments black. Legs light brown, tarsi yellowish. Wings hyaline ; the margins finely black ; the apices, inner angle and base of primaries more widely black ; costal margin of primaries luteous. Expanse, 23 mm. Habitat: Balzapamba, Prov. of Bolivar, Ecuador. Chrostosoma cardinale, sp. nov. Head and palpi black. Collar, thorax and abdomen red ; tibize and tarsi brown. Wings hyaline, veins and margins finely black ; apices and inner margin of secondaries more heavily black. A red spot at the base of the primaries and some red scales along the inner margin of secondaries. Underneath with the base of the wings red. Expanse, 28 mm. Habitat: Colombia. Tsanthrene pentagona, sp. nev. Body below, legs, head and palpi bright yellow. Collar yellow with a transverse black streak. Thorax black, patagize with a central yellow streak. Abdomen above yellow, the last five segments broadly banded with black. Wings hyaline, the veins and fringe reddish brown. Expanse, 24 mm. Habitat: Peru. Agunaix lacrumans, sp. nov. Body black. Primaries smoky black, darkest on the basal half. Secondaries semi-hyaline, black. Expanse, 26 mm. FHflabitat: Peru. The genus Aguwnazx is new and will be described by Sir George Hampson in his work on the Syntomidez. Paramya flavia, sp. nov. Palpi and legs light brown. Body otherwise pale yellow. Wings hyaline, veins and margins finely light brown, the apex and outer margins of primaries, also the in- ner margin of secondaries more broadly so. Discocellular black. Base of the wings light yellow. Expanse, 23 mm. Flabitat: Castro, Parana. Pheia hemapera, sp. nov. Body black ; two large crimson spots on collar. Anus crimson. Coxze and base of abdomen below cream color. Wings hyaline, veins and margins black, most heavily marked at apices and inner angle. A black spot at the end of the cell on primaries. Expanse, 22 mm. Habitat: Sta. Catherina, Brazil. ethria rubipectus, sp. nov. Palpi black spotted with white. Head black. Thorax black, the collar and patagize finely edged with white. Underneath thorax is crimson. Abdomen metallic 140 JournaL New York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. blue, the anal hairs very long and black. Wings hyaline, veins and margins finely black ; the apex of primaries broadly black. Expanse, 22 mm. ffabitat : San Domingo, W. I. Napata unifascia, sp. nov. Palpi and head black speckled with metallic blue. Thorax black mottled with metallic blue. Abdomen above dark metallic blue, below with a white ventral stripe. Legs black streaked with white. Primaries black, the basal half of inner margin me- tallic blue; a broad median crimson fascia from the subcostal vein and narrowing towards inner angle. Secondaries dark metallic blue with the extreme margin and . fringe black. Undern: ath the same, but on the primaries there is a cluster of metal- lic blue scales beyond the crimson fascia, and the secondaries have the outer margin. and apex more broadly black. Expanse, 27 mm. Flabitat: Chimbo, Ecuador. Trichodesma obliqua, sp. nov. Head brown, frons cream color. Thorax and collar brown finely edged with yellowish. Abdomen brown circled with fine yellow lines. Primaries brown; a broad yellow oblique band from the costa, not reaching the inner angle. Secondaries. yellow, with the margins broadly black. Underneath the same. Expanse, 30 mm. ffabitat: Rio Janeiro. SATURNIDA, Automeris naranija, sp. nov. Primaries olive gray to brown, sometimes shaded with paler in the disk; the antemedial line wavy, indistinct ; the postmedial line somewhat curved inwardly from: apex, to beyond center of inner margin; this line outwardly dark, inwardly pale. Discal spot large, darker and diffuse, outlined by five black points. Secondaries with the costal and inner margin brownish, with a darker subterminal shade inwardly lim- ited by a black line which also separates it from a deep orange postmedial space which contains the ocellus, the latter being brown with a gray centre and broadly circled with black. Below wings grayish with a dark straight postmedial line and a black discal spot on primaries. Thorax colored like primaries, abdomen blackish above, grayish below. Expanse, g, 64 mm.; 2, 77 mm. Habitat: Rio Grande do Sul. Automeris zaruma, sp. nov. Head and thorax dark velvety brown; abdomen reddish. Primaries yellowish brown, with basal space and postmedial shadings darker, an oblique and irregular bright yellow, antemedial line ; the postmedial black, inwardly shaded with yellow, from apex to inner margin at two thirds from base. Secondaries with costal and inner margins reddish ; outer margin brownish; a black subterminal band adjoining the larger median space of bright yellow ; this yellow space crossed by a black postmedial line ; ocellus brown, broadly circled with black and containing a cluster of gray scales. crossed by a white line. Underneath the wings are reddish; a large black discal June, 1898.] New SPECIES OF HETEROCERA. 14] point with white centre on primaries, a minute white discal point on secondaries, Indistinct dark postmedial lines and subterminal shades. Expanse, ¢, 81 mm. FHlabitai ; Zaruma, Ecuador. Automeris castrensis, sp. nov. Thorax dark brown ; abdomen red; anal hairs brownish. Primaries narrow with ioner angle rounded, also apex rounded, light brown with an oblique indistinct line from apex to middle of inner margin ; this line is inwardly p.'er, outwardly darker than the ground color; discal spot round small with paler center. Secondaries bright yellow the outer margin narrowly brown, separated from yellow portion by a black line. Ocellus large, black, with grayish centre crossed by a white line. Underneath wings brown with a large round black discal spot on each wing. Expanse, 55 mm. FHlabitat : Castro, Parana. Dirphia muscosa, sp. nov. Primaries thickly mottled with greenish and black hairy scales ; an oblique angu- lar line from the costa at one-third from the base to vein 2, where it is joined by the postmedial line which is crenulate. The lines are black, outwardly shaded with grayish ; a dark spot in the cell ; inthe 2 the lines do not meet, but extend to the inner margin some distance apart. Secondaries brownish gray in the ¢, fawn color inthe 9, thickly speckled with dark scales, the outer margin and a subterminal line darker in the ¢ ; inthe ? only a subterminal line. Thorax same color as primaries ; abdomen orange with transverse black bands inthe g. Expanse, ¢, 80mm.; 9, 9° mm. Habitat: Rio Grande do Sul. NoctTuID&é. Chorizagrotis sorella, sp. nov. Body grayish brown, the collar slightly reddish. Primaries brown, faintly tinged with reddish beyond the reniform. Space before the spots dark brown, spots them- selves of ground color finely outlined in dark brown ; claviform the same; ante- medial line geminate, indistinct, forming three curves ; postmedial very fine, almost punctiform ; subterminal wavy, indistinct with some sagittate spots between veins 3-5. Secondaries semi-hyaline, smoky brown, darkest along the outer margin. Underneath whitish powdered with brown scales ; traces of postmedial line and discal spots dis- tinct on secondaries. Expanse, 39 mm. Habitat: as Vigas, Cobre de Perote, Mexico. According to Prof. J. B. Smith this species is allied to Chorizagrotis soror Smith. Peridroma scortea, sp. nov. Body grayish brown. Primaries light brown; some grayish scales at the base on the inner margin, in the orbicular reniform, along the veins and terminal space. These grayish shades are very indistinct. Antemedial line only visible on costa. 142 JourNAL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. Postmedial fine crenulate. A fine terminal black line, saggitate on veins. Secondaries whitish hyaline, smoky along the outer margin. Expanse, 34 mm. Flabitat: Orizaba, Mexico. Mamestra gavisa, sp. nov. Body brown. Primaries dull brown, somewhat shaded with rufous; a black streak at the base; the veins indistinctly grayish ; the antemedial pale fawn color finely edged with dark scales; the orbicular and claviform finely outlined with dark scales; the reniform grayish with a distinct white line outwardly, the postmedial fawn color, slightly crenulate and finely edged with dark scales; the terminal space except at apex dark gray with a terminal row of yellowish spots ; the fringe mottled gray and fawn color. Secundaries brown, pale at the base. Underneath a post- medial line and discal spot on both wings. Expanse, 32 mm. fTabitat: Las Vigas, Cobre de Perote, Mexico. 23 Mamestra ciniva, sp. nov. Head and thorax gray. Abdomen light brown. Primaries silvery gray, thickly speckled with white scales; an interrupted black basal line; the antemedial line black, oblique from the costa to middle of inner margin ; the median space a trifle darker ; some subterminal black scales ; a terminal gray line ; fringe white with two gray lines ; the orbicular and reniform very indistinct and faintly outlined with black. Secondaries whitish ; the veins and outer margin smoky. Expanse, 22 mm. Flabitat: Oaxaca, Mexico. This species somewhat resembles JZ. anguina Gr., and WZ. vecina Gr., but is much smaller. Hadena dyschoroides, sp. nov. Body reddish brown. Primaries light reddish brown, the terminal space except at apex dark brown ; the basal line black, geminate, indistinct ; the antemedial dark brown, sinuate, a dark median transverse shaded, angled below costa ; the postmedial fine wavy, dark brown inwardly shaded with violaceous and outwardly followed by two rows of dark points ; the dark terminal space preceded by a wavy violaceous line, a bright yellow spot in the reniform. Secondaries brown, the fringe reddish. Un- derneath grayish brown ; a dark postmedial spot on costa of primaries. Secondar.es with a discal spot and postmedial line. Expanse, 21 mm, Flabitat: Orizaba, Mexico. Hadena orizabena, sp. nov. Head and thorax violaceous brown ; abdomen light brown. Primaries violaceous brown ; the central portion of median space darker ; some dark scales at the base ; the antemedial line paler, irregularly oblique from costa to a paler space on the middle of inner margin ; the postmedial similar, slightly sinuate to middle of inner marzin also, but not quite touching the antemedial line; orbicular very indistinct, reniform with a large white spot; a subterminal row of white points inwardly preceded by sagittate dark violaceous shadings. Some minute reddish brown spots on costa and June, 1898.] New SpeEciES oF HETEROCERA. 143 extreme outer margin; fringe dark violaceous brown. Secondaries light brown. Underneath light brown with a postmedial line and discal spot on secondaries, Ex- panse, 25 mm. Habitat: Orizaba, Mexico. Hadena zuelana, sp. nov. Palpi, head and collar pale fawn in color. Thorax brown. Abdomen gray ; dorsal tufts reddish brown. Primaries with the basal half brown, the outer half gray, the basal half sometimes mottled with paler shades; the antemedial and medial lines fine, geminate, very indistinct ; the. postmedial line fine, dark, very wavy and twice sinuate beyond the cell; the apex darker, with a lunate subapical line outwardly shaded with white; some dark subterminal shadings at the inner angle; the spots in- cistinct and faintly outlined. Secondaries with the basal half white, the outer half black. Expanse, 34 mm. FHlabitat: Aroa, Venezuela. Out of eight specimens I have of this species no two are absolutely alike and the variation is greater than the description implies. Eurois bertha, sp. nov. Head and thorax mottled brown and white. Abdomen light brown. Primaries brown. A pink spot at the base; the basal line white, inwardly shaded with dark brown ; the antemedial and postmedial lines fine wh'te, the basal and postmedial spaces slightly speckled with white. On median space the median and submedian veins pink ; the spots circled with white ; the orbicular dark brown, the reniform in the shape of 8, pink and brown; a dark brown space between the spots and a dark brown spot beyond the reniform. The terminal space mottled with light brown, some subterminal black streaks ; a terminal dark line interrupted on the veins. Fringe mottled with gray. Secondaries brown, fringe partly white. Expanse, 30 mm. flabitat: Castro, Parana. Eurois orbiculata, sp. nov. Palpi yellow, laterally brown. Head yellow. Collar and throat mottled yellow and gray. Primaries mottled white and olivaceous brown ; the basal line dark olive, the entemedial white, interrupted, and outwardly bordered with a black line ; a dark olive space in the cell between the spots. The orbicular small, white ; the reniform large, mottled gray and white ; the postmedial dark, fine, crenulate, angled beyond the cell, inwardly shaded with white ; a subterminal wavy greenish white shade; a terminal black line inwardly shaded with white and interrupted in the veins. Fringe olivaceous with pale streaks opposite the veins. Secondaries light brown. Under- neath primaries brownish. Secondaries gray with discal spot, postmedial and sub- terminal shading. Expanse, 34 mm. Habitat: Castro, Parana. Platysenta obscura, sp. nov. Head, collar and thorax black. Abdomen brown. Primaries black, brown along the inner margin, in the cell and towards apex. A velvety black streak at base 144 JournaL NEw York ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. . below median vein, some indistinct subterminal brown streaks between the veins. Orbicular brown, outlined in velvety black. Reniform, small, round whitish circled with black and crossed with two black lines ; a terminal black line, fringe mottled brown and gray. Secondaries white, the veins black on the outer margin. Expanse, 33 mm. Habitat: Orizaba, Mexico; Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. Stibadium corazona, sp. nov. Body gray. Primaries apparently gray, the ground color being olive brown, very thickly irrorated with whitish scales. The antemedial line fine, pale, nearly straight; the postmedial pale, angled beyond the cell and then straight to inner margin, above which it is inwardly shaded with olivaceous ; a pale subterminal shade straight from apex to angle of postmedial, then wavy to inner angle. Secondaries grayish brown, with an indistinct subterminal pale line. Expanse, 35 mm. Habitat: Orizaba, Guadalajara, Mexico. Stibadium jalada, sp. nov. Head and thorax rufous. Abdomen brown. Primaries olivaceous brown, thickly speckled with lilacine scales, the outer margin paler ; the lines fine olive brown, de- void of lilacine scales ; the antemedial angular, the postmedial forming a large curve beyond the cell ; the medial line geminate, indistinct. Secondaries grayish brown, with a fine postmedial line. Expanse, 33 mm. flabitat: Guadalajara, Mexico. Plagiomimicus musculus, sp. nov. Head and thorax light gray, abdomen light brown. Primaries mouse gray; an indis'inct antemedial whitish line angled at the cell; a broad white band indistinctly divided by a grayish line from the costal margin close to the apex to just beyond the middle of inner margin. Secondaries grayish white. Primaries below grayish. Secondaries below white, speckled with gray on the costal margin. Expanse, 24 mm. Flabitat: Oaxaca, Mexico. Grotella dulcita, sp. nov. Body and primaries bright silky yellow. Secondaries dark gray, the fringe yel low. Underneath primaries dark gray with the costal margin and fringe yellow. Secondaries below light gray. Expanse, 23 mm. ffabitat: Guadalajara, Mexico. Eustrotia malonia, sp. nov. Palpi black. Head and collar white. Thorax and abdomen brownish yellow speckled with white. Wings pale creamy brown. Primaries with a black spot at the base of the costa ; an antemedial white wavy band, spotted with yellow, and starting from a conspicuous black spot on the costa ; the postmedial line fine, white, shaded with brown and also starting from a black costal spot, then curved beyond the cell, and wavy to the inner margin; a heavy white subterminal shade; an interrupted terminal black line; fringe grayish brown, spotted with white. Secondaries pale June, 1808. ] New SPECIES OF HETEROCERA. 145 brown, shaded with white at the base and along the inner margin ; a terminal dark line ; fringe mottled brown and white. Exparse, 22 mm. Flabitat: Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. GEOMETRID&. Pityeja picta, sp. nov. Head and thorax cream color, the latter speckled with reddish brown ; abdomen cream color. Primaries with the base cream color defined by a reddish oblique line ; the antemedial line very oblique to the centre of the inner margin, reddish brown ; the space before it light brown mottled towards the base with white; the postmedial line’ nearly straight from costa to vein 4, and then forming an inward curve to near the inner angle; the median space white crossed by reddish brown veins and some transverse strice especially in the cell ; beyond the postmedial line the wing is dark gray shading to reddish brown on the outer margin, mottled with darker stric ; near the apex some reddish spots. In the 9 the dark basal and postmedial spaces are thickly spotted with white. Secondaries white, the inner and outer margins, especially about the anal angles, light reddish brown with some grayish striz. A terminal blackish line, and a black spot on the prolongation between veins 3 and 4. Expanse, 29 mm. flabitat: Jalapa, Mexico. Ophthalmophora fasciata, sp. nov. Body brown. Primaries dark brown, crossed by a broad median yellow band, very wide on the costal margin, narrowing at the median vein and then widening slightly to the inner margin ; some yellow spots on the extreme margin and fringe yellow, except from veins 2-4, where it is brown. Underneath the same but no spots on the margin except at anal angle. Secondaries above dark brown ; the apex, outer margin and fringe yellow ; a subterminal silvery line and four postmedial ocelli black, circled with yellow and containing some silvery scales. Underneath the same but without the ocelli or silvery line. Expanse, 23 mm. Habitat: Castro, Parana. This species is closely allied to O. asopis Druce. Aplogompha chotaria, sp. nov. Body yellow ; two longitudinal brown streaks on thorax. Abdonen with brown spots and transverse lines. Primaries yellow with transverse rows of small quadrate brownish spots ; basal, subbasal, antemedial and medial complete ; the postmedial and subterminal rows coalescing between veins 4, 5 and 6, and represented by a single spot on the inner margin; a terminal row of smaller spots. The spots along the costa, the terminal and some of the subterminal spots shaded with metallic scales. Secondaries yellow with similar rows of spots, the terminal and subterminal rows also shaded with metallic s:ales. Expanse, 16 mm. Habitat: Jalapa, Mexico; Aroa, Venezuela. Bapta ruptilinea, sp. nov. Primaries silky white, thickly irrorated with creamy scales and sparsely speckled with dark brown. An indistinct antemedial shade not reaching the costa ; the post- 146 JourNAL NEw YorK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. V1. medial shade broad, interrupted between the veins giving it a denticulate appearance ; a terminal row of black poin‘s. A black point in the cell. Secondaries similar but with only the postmedial shade, which does not reach the costal margin and is most distinct on the inner margin. Expanse, 26 mm. Flabitat: Castro, Parana. Allied to &. hebetior Warr, from the same locality. Lozogrammia (?) setaria, sp. nov. Wings pale silky grayish brown. An almost imperceptible wavy brown ante- medial line ; a minute discal point ; a postmedial straight brown line edged on either side with dark brown. Secondaries with a trace of a postmedial line on the inner margin. Expanse, 23 mm. Flab:tat: Castro, Parana. ’ Semiothisa oaxacana, sp. nov. Wings entire, very pale reddish brown, darker beyond the postmedial line, thinly speckled with dark brown scales ; the veins and a postmedial line buff, the latter straight on the primaries, slightly wavy on the secondaries ; traces of a fine medial line on the primaries. A minute black spot in the cells, terminal black ‘points between the veins, underneath the same. Expanse, 26 mm. FHlabitat: Oaxaca, Mexico. Microgonia gilva, sp. nov. Pale yellow, tinged with green, the basal and medial space on primaries somewhat grayish, iridescent. An irregular antemedial black line edged with whitish scales ; a minute black discal point; the outer line fine, black, outwardly bordered with white, angled near apex and then slightly wavy to middle of inner margin ; this line is continued on secondaries where it is still more wavy ; the outer margin with lilacine striee and three subterminal cuneiform marks ; a wavy lilacine subterminal shade on secondaries. Underneath primaries bright yellow, except inner margin which with secondaries is grayish; the outer line brownish, broadly shaded outwardly with white on the primaries ; on the secondaries it is perpendicular from costal margin to below cell where it forms a large curve to centre of inner margin. Expanse, 56 mm. Flabitat: Castro, Parana. Allied to JZ. mexicata Gn., but readily distinguished by color, wavy line on secondaries and absence of glaucous spot on inner margin of primaries. Microgonia fulcata, sp. nov. & olive green, 9 dark brown. Primaries very acute as in Alatypterata Gn.; a fine basal line; an antemedial line oblique from costa to median vein, then slightly wavy, perpendicular to inner margin ; a minute discal point followed by an oblique dark shade from costa; outer line curved from costa to nearly outer margin, then angled and inwardly oblique to inner margin at two-thirds from base ; this line is heavily marked and dark brown followed by a narrow pale shade and is continued on the secondaries to middle of inner margin ; there is also an angular subterminal shade June, 1898.] New SPECIES OF HETEROCERA. 147 on secondaries. Underneath the wings are grayish in the ¢ with brownish mottl- ings; the outer margin on primaries and apex being dark brown. In the ? under- neath wings are dark brown suffused with lilacine ; the primaries with a white mark before the apex, and some postmedial white spots on secondaries. Expanse, ¢, 57 mm.; 9, 67 mm. flabitat: Castro, Parana. This species is very distinct. Azelina castraria, sp. nov. Antennz simple. Wings hardly dentate. Body and primaries dark greenish gray shaded with buff in the cell. The inner line wavy, oblique from the costa at a third from the base to the inner margin beyond the middle and nearly contiguous to the outer line which is nearly straight and runs parallel with the outer margin. Both lines finely velve'y brown, shaded with olive green which nearly fills the base of the V formed by the two lines. A minute black discal point. The outer line is outwardly shaded with lilacine, then with a dark greenish shade and finally with pale buff. All these colors running into each other. Secondaries buff, speckled with dull greenish gray. The inner margin and anal angle reddish brown. A submarginal dark shade, divided by a faint buff line. Underneath grayish, the ccstal half of each wing red- dish brown, mottled with gray. An indistinct white outer line and a black discal spot on the secondaries. Expanse, 33 mm. Ffabitat: Castro, Parana. Nearest Aze/ina scitaria Obt. Subfamily AscoTinz. Psilopora thesea, sp. nov. Wings gray, thinly speckled with dark brown, the lines dark brown: the ante- medial fine, perpendicular to subcostal, then a curve to near submedian and then in- wardly ‘oblique to inner margin. A dark discal point; beyond this a curved median line and a wavy punctiform postmedial line ; the space between these two lines filled in with dark brown from inner margin to vein 4; a fine reddish shade beyond post- medial and a darker subterminal grayish line ; a terminal row of black points. Sec- ondaries with a broad dark median fascia from inner margin, slightly bifurcating at cell and not reaching costal margin ; a postmedial punctiform line, followed by two fine reddish shades ; the margin darker gray. Expanse, 26 mm. flabitat: Castro, Parana. Physocleora tascaria, sp. nov. Wings white, finely powdered with light brown, lines fine, irdistinct and inter- rupted, marked by larger spots on the costa; the postmedial punctiform, the largest spot being between veins 3 and 4 and is followed by a bright yellow spot, a terminal row of dark points. Secondaries with the lines more distinct, the basal fine, wavy ; the median distinct, just beyond ‘the cell spot, and geminate ; a postmedial and sub- terminal grayish shade; terminal spots between the veins. Underneath primaries 148 JourNnaL NEw YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Vol. VI. dark gray, secondaries sordid white, discal spots and terminal wavy dark line. Ex- panse, 2I mm. Flabitat: Castro, Parana. Physocleora obscura, sp. nov. Wings gray in the ¢, light brown in the 9° ; the basal space and costa grayish, the former limited by a dark line, nearly