V 0059654 IROTM, BOTANIC iftAHDEirs, BLEW. /% Or ! ICONES PLANTARUM OR FIGURES, WITH DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS AND REMARKS, OF NEW AND RARE HANTS SELECTED FROM THE KEW HERBARIUM FIFTH SERIES EDITED FOR THE BENTHAM TRUSTEES BY SIR ARTHUR W. HILL, K.C.M.G., Sc.D., F.R.S. DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW; HONORARY FELLOW. KING’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. VOL. III. OH VOL. XXXIII. OF THE ENTIRE WORK. Part I. 3201-3225, December 1933. — Part II. 322(5-3250, November 1934. Jus. 30, Part III. 3251-3275, August 1935. — CXi-.fi . r / Part IV. 3276-3300, December 1935. ■’ — DULAU & CO., Ltd. 32 OLD BOND STREET, LONDON, W.l. y Sr / i ~p ' 'X/v<^v i INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES The names given in clarendon typo are those of plants described or renamed in the work ; an * is prefixed to the names of those not figured. Names in roman characters are those of plants discussed in tho text. All synonyms are printed in italics ; an * is prefixed to synonyms belonging to plants not figured. Plate Adhatoda Engleriana, C. B. Clarke . .‘1207 Agapetes angustifolia, A iry-Shaw .*1255 - brachypoda. Airy -Shaw . 3257 - buxifolia, Nutt. . . . 3259 - - Hosseana, Diels . 3250, 3259 - Kanjilali, A, Dus . . . 3269 - linearifolia, C. B. Clarke . 3255 - Mannii, Hemsl . 3256 - noriifolia, Airy -Shaw . . 3255 - nutans, Dunn . . . .3255 - pensilis, A iry-Shaw . . 3256 - spissa, A iry-Shaw . . . 3258 - Wardii, W. W. Sm. . . 3258 - yunnanensis, Branch. 3256, 3259 *Agrostis ovata , G. Forst. . . 3261 Allium Bornmulleri, Hayek . 3279 - moschatum, L . 3279 Alloteropsis, Presl . . . .3210 Amaracus amanus, Bornm. . . 3204 - cordifolius, Benth. . . . 3204 - *pulcher , Briq . 3204 - - scaix'r. Briq . 3294 *A?nblyachyrum , Hochst. ex Steud . 3262 *A ndropogon binatus, Rotz. . . 3262 - infirmus , St< u(l. . . . 3263 Anisotes bracteatus, Milne-Red- htad . 3208 - umbrosus, M line- Bedhead 3267 - Zenkori, C. B. Clarke . . 3267 *Anthisliriay L. f . 3286 - *membranacea, Lindl. . . 3286 - - - var. * trichopus, Benth. 3286 *Apocopis, Nees . 3262 Asplenium longicauda, Hook. . 3287 - paueijugum. Ballot ■/ . . 328 7 ♦Aster Eylesii, M ilne- Bedhead . 3243 Astragalus apollinous, Boiss. et Heldr . 3202 Astragalus galegiformis, Pan^. . Plate 3252 - glycyphylloides, DC. . 3252 - var. serbicuSy Beck . 3252 - glycyphyllus, L. . . . 3252 - Petrovicii , Vel. . 3252 - serbicusy Pan6. ex Boiss. . 3252 - sericophyllus, Oriseb. . . 3202 Barleria linearifolia, Betidle . 3293 - proxima, Lindau . 3292 - quadrispina, Lindau . . 3293 - setigera, Bendle 3293 - var. pumila, Bendle - Smithii, C. B. Clarke, non 3298 Kendle . - Smithii, Bendle . . . - tetraglochin, Milne- Bed- 3292 head . 3291 - waggana, Bendle . Basanacantha echinocarpa, Bui- 3293 lock . 3298 Blepharis Homblei, De Wild. 3266 - Hornby ae, M ilne- Bedhead . 3200 - integrifolia, E. Mey. . 3266 - *mollugini folia, Pers. . 3266 Bolusia amboensis, Harms . 3246 - capensis, Benth. 3246 - resupinata, M ilne- Bedhead 3246 - rhodesiana, Corbishley Botrychium chamaeconium, Bitt. 3246 et Hieron. ex Bitt. . 3235 - lanuginosum, Hook, et Qrev. 3235 Bouvardia capitata, Bullock 3296 - cataphyllaris, Bullock 3297 - versicolor, Ker .... Brachypodium sect. Eu*Brachy- 3297 podium, A schers. et Graebn. - sect. Festucopsis, C. E. 3280 Hubbard . 3280 I INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES Plate Brachy podium, sect. Lepto- rhachis, Nevaki . . . 3280 - sect. Trachynia, Nym. . 3280 - pinnatum, Beauv. . . . 3280 - serpentini, G. E. Hubbard 3280 - sylvaticum, R. et S. . . 3280 Calyptochloa, C. E. Hubbard (gen. nov.) . 3210 - gracillima, G. E. Hubbard . 3210 ( 'ant Ilium, Lam . 3242 Cephaelis Duckei, Standley . . 3300 - potaroensis, Sandwith . . 3300 Cephalorrhynchus Candolleanus, Boise . 3277 - cataractarum , Simk. . . 3277 - glandulosus, Boise. . . 3277 - var. cataractarum , .Simk . 3277 - hispidus, var. cataractarum , Simk . 3277 Ceropegia abyssinica, JJecne. . 3219 - - fllicalyx, Bullock . . . 3219 *Chionachne Sclerachne, b\ M. Bailey . 3209 Chorisandra, Benth. et Hook. f. . 3250 Cicerbita, Wattroth .... 3277 - glandulosa , Beauverd . 3277 *Cinna ovata, Kunth . . . 3201 Cleistochloa, C. E. Hubbard (gen. nov.) . 3209 - *Sclerachne, C. E. Hubbard 3209 - subjuncea, C. E. Hubbard 3209 *Coelarthron , Hook. f. 3262 Costera cyclophylla, J. J . Smith et Airy -Share .... 3281 - ovalifolia, J. J. Smith . 3281 Coutarea, Avbl . 3295 - hoxandra, K. Sr hum. . . 3295 - *lati flora, Sessd et Moc. ex DC . 8228 - *latiflora, Standley, non Sess6 et Moc . 3295 - *Lumacana, Bail]. . . . 3295 - +mexicana, Zucc. et Mart. 3295 - *octomera, Homsl. . . . 3295 - *pterosperma , Standley . 3295 Crassula aquatica, Schonl. . . 3218 - natans, Thunb. . . . 3218 - Vaillantii, Roth . . . 3218 - Wrightiana, Bullock . . 3218 Crotalaria annua* Mil nr -Redhead 3243 - argyrolobioides, Baker . 3243 - axillaris, Dryand. . . . 3245 - bicolor, /. Johnston . 3244 - phyllostachys, Baker . . 3243 - praecox, Milne- Redhead . 3244 Plate Crotalaria streptorrhy ucha, M line- Redhead . 3245 Cuphea, sect. *Diploptychia, Koehne . . 3294 - subsect. Leio- ptychia, Koehne 3294 - subsect. Orni- thocuphca , Koehne . . 3294 - aubseet. Tri- choptychia, Koehne . . 3294 - sect. Ornithocuphea, Bui- took . 8224 - avigera, Robins, et Seaton . 3294 - Hintoni, Bullock . . . 3294 Cyananthus macrocalyx var. pilosus, Marquand . . . 3205 - Wardii, Marquand . . . 3205 Cymothoi , Airy- Shaw . . . 3281 - cyclophylla . Airy-Shaw . 3281 Cynorchis Barlaeae, Schltr. . . 3230 - debilis, Summerhayc a . . 3230 - parva. Summer ha yes . . 3230 Cyperu8 Bowmanni , F. Muell. . 3200 - hyalinus , Vahl .... 3208 - pumilus, Noes, non L. . 3208 Diclidium, Schrad . 3200 Digastrium , A. Camus . . . 3203 - fragile , A. Camus . . . 3203 Digitaria, Hall. . . . 3210, 3231 Disperis cardiopetala. Summer- hayes . 3270 - cordata , Summorhayes, non Sw . 3270 - dicerochila, Summer hayes . 3272 - Johnstoni, Rchb. f. . . 3209 - katangensis, Summerhayes 3271 - Kerstenii, Rchb. /. . . . 3272 - louconeura, Schltr. . . . 3272 - mozambicensis, Schltr. 8209,3271 - Nelsonii, Rolfe .... 3272 - oppoeitifolia, Lindt. . . 3272 - - Reichenbachiana, Welw, ex Rchb.f, . 3209 - Stolzii, Schltr. . . 3209,3271 - togoensis, Schltr. . . . 3270 - virginalis, Schltr. . . . 3272 Duroia saccifera. Hook. f. . . 3241 Echinopogon *asper% Trin. . . 3261 - *caespitosus, G. E. Hubbard 3201 - var- *Cunninghamii, C. E. Hubbard . . 3201 - ’"Cheelii, G. E. Hubbard . 3201 - intermedius, G. E. Hubbard 3201 - *McKiei, C. E. Hubbard . 3201 INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES Plate Echinopogon *novae-zelandiae , Gandoger . 3261 - * nutans, C. E. Hubbard . 3261 - var. * major, C. E. Hubbard .... 3261 - — *ovatus, Beauv. . . . 3261 - var. *pubiglumis, C. E. Hubbard . . . 3261 - *phleoides, C. E. Hubbard 3261 - *purpurascens , Gandoger . 3261 - *Sieberi, Steud. . . . 3261 - * virens, Gandoger . . . 3261 Ectrosia, It. Br . 3283 Elytrophorus, Beauv. . . .3283 Encephalartos grains, Praia . 3220 - kosiensis. Hutch. . . . 3220 Entolasia, Stapf . 3200 - marginata, Hughes . . 3209 - stricta, Hughes . . . 3209 - subjuncea , C. E. Hubbard . 3209 * Ephebopogon , Neos ot Meyenox Steud . 3262 Eragrostis, Host . 3283 Erlangea Quarrei, Hutch, et B. L. Burtt . 3217 - sengensis, S. Moore . . 3217 *Eulalia, Kunth . 3262 *Eulaliopsis, Honda .... 3262 — *angustiJolia , Honda . . 3262 - *binata, C. E. Hubbard . 3262 Exochogyne, C. B. Clarke . . 3273 - amazonica, C. B. Clarke . 3273 - decandra, Tutin . . . 3276 - megalorrhyncha, Tutin . 3274 * Felicia Eylesii, S. Moore . . 3243 Festuca, sect. Variae, Hack. . 3280 - flaveseens, Bellardi . . 3280 Fockea * capensis , Endl. . . . 3221 - crispa, K. Schum. . . . 3221 - cylindrica, R. A. Dyer . 3221 - cdulis, K. Schum. . . . 3221 - * glabra, Beene. . . . 3221 - gracilis, R. A. Dyer . . 3222 - sinuata, Druce .... 3222 - *undulata , N. E. Br. . . 3222 *Gaimardiu minima, Colenso . 3264 Gaultheria, series Dumicolae, A iry-Shaiv . 3207 - codonantha. Airy- Shaw . 3207 - dufnicola, auett. ... 3206 - dumicola, W. W. Smith 3206, 3207 1 dumicola, var. petano- neuron, Airy-Shaw . . 3206 - — - notabilis, Anlh . . . . 3207 Cenipa echinocarpa , A. Gray . 3298 Gentiana calyculata, Ehronb. , non La LI. et Lex . 3299 - calyculata, La LI. et Lex. . 3299 - salpinx, Griseb . 3299 Geranium aristatum, Freyn el . 3276 - bohemicum, L . 3276 - reflexum, L . 3276 Germainia, Balansa el Poitrnss . . 3286 *Glecoma arvensis, L. ... 3229 Habenaria ambiyua, Kraenzl. . 3239 - cultriformis, Kraenzl. . . 3237 - Engleriana, Kraenzl. . . 3212 - geniculata, D. Don . . 3212 - incompta, Kraenzl. . . 3237 - longirostris, Summerhayes 3211 - prionocraspedon, Summer¬ hayes . 3212 - rhombocorys, Schltr. . . 3211 - Tweedieae, Summerhayes . 3237 Heterachne abortiva, Druce . . 3283 - *Baileyi, C. E. Hubbard . 3283 - Brournii, Benth. . . . 3283 - *Gulliveri, Benth. . , . 3283 - var. * major, C. E. Hubbard .... 3283 Hintonia, Bullock (gen. nov.) . 3295 - *latiflora, Bullock . . 3295 - var. leiantha, Bullock 3295 - *Lumaeana, Bullock . . 3295 - *octomera, Bullock . . 3295 - *Standleyana, Bullock . 3295 Homopholis, C. E. Hubbard . . 3231 I - Belsonii, C. E. Hubbard . 3231 *Homoplitis, Trin . 3262 *Homozeugos, Stapf .... 3262 *Hyacinthus con collar ioides , L. f. 3247 Hypericum thasium, Griseb. . . 3251 *Hy8terici na alopecuroides , Steud. 3261 laera , H. F. Copeland . . . 3281 Ischaemum, subgen. Digastrium, Hack . 3263 - *angustifolium. Hack. . 3262 - *Baileyi, C. E. Hubbard . 3263 - fragile, R. Br . 3263 - rug08um, Salisb. . . . 3263 - truncatiglume , F. Muell. . 3262 *Ischnochloa. Hook. /. . . . 3262 Iseilema *actinostachys , Domin . 3286 - calvum, C. E. Hubbard . 3286 - *ciliatum, C. E. HubUird . 3286 - *convexum. C. E. Hubbard 3286 - dolichotrichum, C . E. Hubbard . . • • • 3285 - *macratherum, Domin . 3286 - membranaceum, Domin . 3286 INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES Plate Iseilema * membra naceum var. trichopus, Domin . . . 328G - *Mitchellii, Anderss. . . 3280 - var. * trichopus , Hack. 3280 - *trichopus, C. E* Hubbard 3280 - *vaginiflorum, Domin . 3280 — — Windersii, C. E. Hubbard 3284 Ixora anemodesma, K. Schum. . 3241 - divaricate, Hutch, et J. M. Dalz . 3241 - hippoperifera, Bremekamp 3241 - laxiflora, Sm . 3241 - longipedunculata, De Wild. 3241 - ncmatopoda, K. Schum. . 3241 - rosea, K. Schum. . . . 3241 - viridiflora, K. Schum. . . 3241 Jasminum apocnse, Merr. . . 3282 - crassifolium, Bl. . . . 3282 - Cumingii, Merr. . . . 3282 - pellucidum, Airy-Shaw . 3282 - sarawaconse, King et Gamble . 3282 Lucluca cataraclarum , Simk. . 3277 Lactueopsis, Schultz Bip. . . 3277 *Leptatherum, Noes . . . .3202 Leptoloma, Chase .... 3231 - cognatum, Chase. . . . 3231 - papposum, Hughes . . 3231 Lepturus *cylindricus, Trin. . 3233 - geminates, C. E. Hubbard 3233 - mincurvatus , Trin. . . . 3233 - *repcns, B. Br. . . . 3233 - *xerophilus, Domin . 3233 Liebrechtsia Ringoeti , Do Wild. 3213 *Lophopogon, Hack . 3202 • - *intermediust A. Camus . 3202 - Kingii, Hook. f. 3202 - *tcnax, BalanBa . . . 3202 - tridentatus, Hack. . . 3202 - truncatiglumis, Hack. . 3202 Lychnis Cyrilli , Degon et Ddrfl., non Richt. ox Reichb. . 3228 ■ - Cyrilli, Richt. ex Reichb. . 3228 - subsp. subintegra , Jiornin. . . . ♦ 3228 - Flos cuculi, L. . . . . 3228 _ subsp. Cynlli , \ elcn. 3228 - subsp. subintegra, Hayek .... 3228 _ _ _ _ var. Cyrilli , Polak . 3228 - subintegra, Turrill . . 3228 Mariscopsis hyalinus, Ballard . .1208 . — ■ suaveolens, Chonnczon . 3208 Mariscus Bowmanni, C. B. Clarke . . Plate Mariscus Dietrichiae, C . B. Clarke . . . . 3200 - subsp. Bowmannii, Domin . . . . 3200 - subsp. brevibractoa- tus, Domin . . . 3200 Molica, L . 3283 Microlaena polynoda, Hook. f. . 3200 Micromeria f ormosana, M ar- quand . 3230 - Wardii, Marquand et A iry- Shaw . 3230 *Microstegium, Nees . . . . 3202 Mulgedium, Cass . 3277 Mycolis, Cass . 3277 - glandulosa , Hayok . . . 3277 Myrtus Borbonis, JSennen . . 3203 - communis, L . 3203 - var. microphylla, Willk. et Lange . . 3203 - var. tarentina, L. . 3203 - tarentina , Mill . 3203 emastachys, Steud. . . . 32 02 Nissolia Hintoni, Sandwilh . . 3248 - laxior, Rose . 3248 - montana, Rose .... 3248 Origanum amanutn , Post . . 3204 - * scab rum, Boiss. ot Holdr. 3204 Oryza australiensis, Domin . . 3232 - saliva , auctt . 3232 - saliva, L., var. fatua, Drain 3232 Oxygonum dclagoenso, O. Kuntze 3210 - Drogeanum, Meissn. . . 3210 - fruticosum, Dammtr ex Milne- Redhead . . . .3215 - pachybasis, M ilne- Redhead 3215 - pubescens, C. H. Wright . 3215 - tenerum, Milne- Redhead . 3210 Palicouroa, Aubl . 3300 *Fan icum marginatum var. stric- lum, F. M. Bailey, non Bentb . 3200 - subjunceum, Domin, non Ekman . 3200 Paspalum vaginatum, Sw. . . 3204 Pentas carnosa, Benth. . . . 3205 - graniticola, E. A. Bruce . 3205 - longituba, K. Schum. . . 3205 - magniflea. Bullock . . 3205 - nobilis, S. Moore . . . 3205 - purpurea, Oliv . 3205 Physostigma mesoponticum, Taub . 3214 - venenosum, Balf. . , , 3214 INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES Plate Platycoryne ambigua, Summer- hayes ...... 3230 - megalorrhyncha, Summer- hayes . 3238 - tonuicaulis. Rolfe . 3238,3230 Platymiscium *ellipticum , Rusby 3240 . - fragrans, Rusby . . . 3240 - hebestachyum, Benth. . 3240 - lasiocarpum. Sandwith 3240 - pubescens, Michel i 3240 Boa abortiva, R. Br . 3283 ♦Pogonatherum, Beauv. . 3262 *Pogonop8%s , J. B. Presl . . 3262 * Pollinia , Trin., non Spreng. . 3262 * Pollinidium, Stapf ox Haines . 3262 - *angu8tifolium, Haines . 3262 - *binatumf C. E. Hubbard . 3262 *Polliniopsis, Hayaia .... 3262 Polygonum oquisotiformo, S. et S. 3254 - icaricum, K. H. Rechinger 3254 - longipes, Hal. et Charr. . 3254 - maritimum, L . 3254 - sctosum, Jacq. . . • 3254 - var. rostionoides, Boise . 3254 *Polytoca Sclerachne, F. M. Bailey . 3200 ♦Polytrias, Hack . 3262 Portlandia, P. Br . 3205 - *Lumaeana, Baill. . . . 3295 - *ptero8perma , S. Wats. . 3295 *Pseudopogonatherum, A. Camus 3262 Psychotria, L . 3300 *Puliculum, Stapf ex Haines . 3262 Pycreus hyalinus , Domin . . 3208 - - pumilus , Nees .... 3208 Pygmaeothamnus concrescens, Bullock . 3242 - Zoyheri, Robyns . . . 3242 Queenslandiella hyalina, Ballard 3208 - mira, Domin .... 3208 Randia, L . 3298 - aculoata, L . 3208 - echinocarpa, Sess6 et Moo. 3208 Remijia physophora, Benth. . . 3241 Rhadamanthus convallarioides, Salisb . 3247 - urantherus, R. A. Dyer . 3247 Rhynchospora confusa, Ballard . 3250 - globosa, Britton . . . 3250 - hirta, Boeck . 3250 - m inarum, Steud. . . . 3250 - 'monadelpha , C. B. Clarke 3250 - W allichiana, Kunth . . 3250 *Rottboellia uniflora , A. Cunn. . 3264 Rouhamon peduncu latum, DC. . 3225 E. E. Saponaria Aster ias , Griseb Satyria, Klotzsch . . . Satyrium flmbriatum. Summer- hayes .... - membranaceum, Sw. - princeps, Bolus Sclerandrium, Stapf et C, Hubbard (gen. nov. - ^intermedium, C. Hubbard - truncatiglume, Stapf C. E. Hubbard .... Senecio Cottonii, Hutch, et Taylor - Johnstoni, Oliver - Johnstoni , auett. - kilimanjari, Mildbr Silene Asterias. Oriseb. - compacta, Friv. - glareosa, Jord. - *juvenalis, Del. - maritima, With. - olympica, Boiss. - Roemeri, Friv. . - Sendtneri, Boiss. - var. emarginata, Beck . - subconica, Friv . - var. Grisebachii, David. - ventricosa, Adamovit - vulgaris, Garcke Solenanthus albanieus, Deg Bald . - apenninus, Hohmack - Biebersteinii, DC. . - petiolaris, DC. . - Reverchonii, Degen - scar die us, Bornm. . - stamineus, Wettsl. apud Stapf . Sorghum dimidiatum, Stapf - purpureo-serieeum,.' t schers. etSchweinf. . - versicolor, Anderss. *Sphaeroschoenu8 Wallichii, Nees *Spodiopogon angustifolius , Trin. Stachys arvensis, L. . - hirta, L. - serbica. Pand. . SteptorhampkuB, Bunge Strychnos asperula. Sprague et Sandwith - cogens, Benth. . - divaricans, Ducke . - - longissima, ljoes. . - Mitacherlichii, Rich . Schomb. . . . • - panamensis, Seem. . - pedunculata, Benth. Plate 3226 3255 3240 3240 :5lmo 3262 3262 3262 3290 3288 3289 3289 3226 3226 3201 3201 3201 3227 3227 3227 3227 3201 3201 3227 3201 3278 3278 3278 3278 3278 3278 3278 3234 3234 3234 3250 3262 3229 3229 3229 3277 3224 3223 3224 3223 3225 3223 3225 INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES Plate Strychnos ramentifera, Ducke . 3224 - rondeletioides, Spruce ex Benth . 3224 - Schomburgkiana , Klotzsch 3225 - smilacina, Benth. . . . 3225 - tabascana, Sprague etSand- with . 3223 - trichostyla, Ducke . . . 3224 - trinilensi8, Griseb. . . . 3225 - triplinervia, Marl. . . . 3223 Syntrinema braailiense , Radik, et Pfeiff . 3250 Tkomeda, Forsk . 3280 Trachynia, Link . 3280 Uragoga, L . 3300 Urgineopsis, Compton . . . 3247 Verbascum Dingleri, Mattf. et Stef. . 3253 Verbascum gracile, Turrill . - Nikolovii, Stoy. . . . - nobile, Vel . - psoudonobile, Stoy. et Stef. - - var. acutiloba, Stoy. et Stef. .... Vigna esculenta, De Wild, ex Th. et Hel. Durand - nuda, N. E. Br. - Ringoeti , E. G. Baker . Zoisia Broumiit C. Muell. - iodo8tachys> Gandogor . - japonica, Steud. - macrantha, Desv. . . . - Matrella, Men. - paucifiora, Mez - pungen8y auctt.,non Willd. - sedoideey C. Muoll. . - sinica, Hance .... - tenuifolia, Trin. . . . Plate 3263 3253 3253 3258 3253 3213 3213 3213 3204 3204 3264 3204 3204 3204 3204 3204 3204 3204 Printed in England at The Ballanttke Press Spottiswoode, Ballanttne Si Co. Ltd. Colcheitec, London A Etna * Tabula 3201. SILENE SUBCONICA Friv. var. GRISEBACHII David. Caryophyllaceae. Tribus Sileneae. S. subconica Friv. var. Grisebachii David, in Trud. na Big. Prirod. Druz. viii. 53 (seorsum impr. 10) (1915) ; a planta Frivalskyana petalorum unguibus longe exsertis differt. Herba annua, a basi ramosa, caulibus 2-4 dm. longis erectis vel suberectis inferne densissime albo-puberulis superne ut pedicelli glanduloso-puberulis. Folia linearia vel lanceolato-linearia, subacuta, inferiora 2-7 cm. longa et 1*5-2 mm. lata, superiora breviora utrinque dense puberula. Inflorescentia 2-7-flora ; bracteae subherbaceae, glandulosae ; pedicelli usque ad 1*3 cm. longi. Calyx cylindricus, 1- 5-1 *6 cm. longus, bre viter glandulosus, dentibus lanceolatis leviter scarioso-marginatis ciliatis 7 mm. longis 1-1*25 mm. latis. Petala rosea, unguibus 2 cm. longis 6-7 mm. supra calycis dentes exsertis apice biauriculatis auriculis erectis 1 mm. longis, laminis 9 mm. longis 8 mm. latis 3*5 mm. lobatis ; coronulae 2*25 mm. longae, ad basin bilobatae. Filamenta 1 *8 cm. longa, inferne pubescentia. Gynophorum 2- 2*5 mm. longum. Ovarium subcylindricum, 2*5 mm. longum, 1*25 mm. diametro ; styli 3, 1*2 cm. longi. Thrace. Porto Lagos, dry sandy places, 23 May 1930, H. G. Tedd 334. An account of the synonymy and specific history of Silene subconica Friv. has been published in Kew Bull. 1933, 40. It is there shown that S. juvenalis Del. is a synonym of this species, which — apart from occurrences as an alien — has a distribution from S.E. Italy, through Greece, Thessaly, N. and S. Macedonia, Thrace, N. and S. Bulgaria, the Rodope Massif, Dobruja, Serbia, Hercegovina, and Asia Minor, east to Armenia. The supposed long dormancy of the seeds under the old scoriae from the silver mines at Laurion is also considered and refuted. The plant figured is a somewhat striking and apparently well-defined, though rather local, variation from S. subconica which, as described by Frivaldszky, is found with a fairly general distribution in the countries round the north of the Aegean Sea and extending east, north 2 and west from there. Davidoff collected his material from near Dedeagach, Maori, and Porto-Lagos. He remarks that the variety flowers 10 to 15 days later than the typical kind, and is met with in small communities along the sands of the Aegean in western Thrace. It seems very probable that the variety arose mutationally in this area. Flower mutations involving petal size, recessive to the normal, so far as tested, are known for S. maritima and add to the poly¬ morphism of that species. It is of interest to record that a variation very similar to that of S. subconica var. Grisebachii has appeared in one plant in a large generation of S. vulgaris s.l. (probably a segregate from S. glareosa X S. vulgaris s.s.), grown in the Herbarium Ground, Kew, from seed collected by the writer on 7 Aug. 1931, above St. Nizier, Hautes Alpes, France. Material is preserved at Kew under the number K.1099, Plant 4. The character will, it is hoped, be studied genetically, and its “ parallel ” occurrence in another species is alone noted here. Davidoff’s statement that his specimens are provided with “ carpo- phoro longiore (vix 2 mm.) ” needs further elucidation. In our material the true gynophore (carpophore) in the flowering condition is 2 to 2*5 mm. long, but the apparent gynophore, i.e. from the base of the calyx and thus including the calyx invagination and the very tightly fitting “ corolla-tube/’ is quite 4 mm. long. It is probably the develop¬ ment of the internode, if such it be, between the calyx and corolla and the corresponding elongation of the true gynophore which causes the protrusion of the petals beyond the calyx teeth. Detailed inves¬ tigation must await the receipt of material suitable for anatomical examination. — W. B. Turrill. Fig. 1, whole plant, natural size ; 2, calyx, x 2 ; 3, two calyx-teeth and upper portion of tube from inside, x 2 ; 4, calyx split open, showing invagination over top of pedicel, “ corolla-tube ” and lower parts of filaments, gynophore, and gynoecium, x 2 ; 5, petal, x 2 ; 6, stamen, x 2. ■ Tabula 3202. ASTRAGALUS SERICOPHYLLUS Griseb. Leguminosae. Tribus Galegeae. A. sericophyllus Griseb. Spic. FI. rumel. et bithyn. i. 52 (1843) ; ab A. apollineo Boiss. et Heldr. caulibus foliisque dense adpresse sericeis differt. Planta humilis, dense adpresse sericea, radice elongata lignosa, caulibus inferne suffruticosis ramosis caespitosis vel subdiffusis. Folia usque ad 4*7 cm. longa, nitidissime argentea ; foliola 2-6-juga, oblongo- linearia, linearia, vel fere oblonga, subobtusa vel acutiuscula, 6-18 mm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata, costa dorso prominula ; stipulae ovato-triangu- lares vel ovato-oblongae rare oblongo-lineares, 1 *5-2 mm. longae, intus glabrae et virides vel vetustae fuscae. Injlorescentia 1-10-flora ; pedunculus 2*5-12 cm. longus ; bracteae oblongo-ovatae, circiter 2 mm. longae pilis albis nigrisque obtectae ; bracteolae plus minus obsoletae. Calyx cylindricus, dorso circiter 1*5 mm. fissus, 7-11 mm. longus, pilis albis nigrisque obtectus, dentibus anguste subulato- triangularibus vel fere subulatis 1*5 mm. longis (in fructu usque ad 2*5 mm. longis) marginibus anguste membranaceis hirsutis instructus. Corolla purpurascens ; vexillum 1*9 cm. longum, parte superiore 1*1 cm. longa 6 mm. lata oblonga, deinde triangulari-auriculatum, parte inferiore gradatim cuneato-angustatum ; alae 1*7 cm. longae, lamina 7 mm. longa 3 mm. lata; carina 1*4 cm. longa. Gynoeciurn 1*4 cm. longum; stylus complanatus ; ovarium cylindricum, 5 mm. longum, 1*25 mm. diametro, dense adpresse hirsutum. Fructus immaturus, 1*8 cm. longus (stylo excluso), 3 mm. latus, subadpresse villosus. North Macedonia. “ Scardus ” Grisebach ; Prilip, in saxosis m. Sivec, copiose, 22 June 1921, Sollka. South Macedonia. Near Gomichevo, west of Lake Ostrovo, 920 m., rocky limestone slopes by the Fiorina road, 15 June 1932, Alston and Sandwich 867 ; Krystallopegae (Smrdesh), 1540 m., lime¬ stone cliffs, summit of slopes on south side of valley, east of the village, 19 June 1932, Alston and Sandwith 909. . Greece. In m. Kythaerone supra Villia Atticae, in reg. abietina, 30 Maj. 1856, J. Guieeiardi , in Heldr. Herb. Graec. norm. 510; Mt. Parnes, 1200 in., among fir woods, June 1932, S. C. Atchley 1600. 2 The attractive species figured here has an interesting distribution, still incompletely known, from the southern parts of North (Serbian) Macedonia, known also as South Serbia and as Vardar, through western South (Greek) Macedonia, to Greece proper in Attica. In addition to the records of specimens cited above, all in the Kew Herbarium, the following are important : “ In regione montana Macedoniae occidentalis ; in m. Nidg<$, cum Junipero Oxycedro , alt. 2650/-3000/ (substr. marmor.) ! ; inter Trojaz-chan et Perlepe (substr. calc.) (Friedr.). FI. Jun. E.” (Griseb. l.c.) ; “ In regione superiore mt. Ossa Thessaliae ” (Hal. Consp. Flor. Graec. i. 431 : 1900) ; Pletvar in M. (Vandas, Reliq. Formanek. 172 : 1909). It may be noted that Perlepe is another name for Prilip, that Trojaci is a village lOi miles to the east of Prilip, and Pletvar a place 5 miles to the east of Prilip. It is probable that Grisebach’s specimen written up “ Scardus ” in the Kew Herbarium is not from Scardus proper, i.e. the Shar Planina, but is a type specimen from “ m. Nidge.” In his Reise durch Rumelien, ii. 164 (1841), Grisebach lists his Astragalus sericophyllus as collected on 28 June 1839, between 2650 and 3000 ft., above Zejjen. In tracing Grisebach’s route for this part of his journey it appears probable that he crossed the Malka Nidge and not the higher range of the Nidge proper to the north-east. It is evident that the species may be expected to occur on mountains between those of South Macedonia and Attica. The record for Mt. Ossa indicates an intermediate station, but no specimen from Thessaly has been seen. A certain range of variation is apparent in the available material, more especially in the shape of the leaflets. These are relatively long and narrow in the specimens under Alston and Sandwith 909, and relatively short and broad in those under Atchley 1600. The remaining specimens are more or less intermediate in this respect. The proportion of white to black hairs on the calyces and the extent to which they are adpressed also show some variation. Alston and Sandwith describe the flowers of their No. 867 as “ reddish-purple ” and of their No. 909 as “ standard mauve ; keel and wings whitish.” — W. B. Turrill. Fiq. 1, entire plant, natural size ; 2, leaflet, x 4 ; 3, vexillura, x 2 ; 4, ala, x 2 ; 5, carina, x 2 ; 6, androecium, x 2 ; 7, gynoecium, x 2 ; 8, immature fruit, natural size. Tabula 3203. MYRTUS COMMUNIS L. var. TARENTINA L. Myrtaceae. Tribus Myrteae. M. communis L. var. tarentina L. Sp. PI. 471 (1753). M. tarentina Mill Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) ; Bertol. FI. Ital. v. 120 (1842) ; Rouy et Fouc FI. de France, vii. 155 (1901), “ une forme.” M. Borbonis Sennen, Plantes d’Espagne, 3052 in Herb. Mus. Brit.— A planta vulgari foliis multo angustioribus leviter crassioribus paullo magis coriaceis differt. Frutex ramosissimus, ramis junioribus densissime puberulis, inter- nodiis 5-10 mm. longis. Folia opposita vel supeme praecipue plus minusve spiralia, august© lanceolato-elliptica, acuta vel leviter apicu- lata, 1*1-2 -4 cm. longa, 4-7 mm. lata, subcoriacea, glabra, costa supra impressa, infra prominente, nervis lateralibus inconspicuis ; potiolus 0 • 5-1 • 5 mm. longus, puberulus. Flores in foliorum superiorum axillis solitarii ; pedicelli 5-8 (raro 10) mm. longi, minute puberuli ; bracteolae 2, pedicelli apice sitae, angustissime lineari-lanceolatae, lineares vel fere subulatae, vix 0*75 mm. longae. Receptaculum obconicum, 4—4-5 mm. longum, 3 mm. diametro, glabrum. Calyx 5-lobus, lobis late triangularibus obtusis 1 mm. longis 2 mm. latis glabris ciliolatis. Petala 5-7, saepissirae late ovato-elliptica vel fere orbicularia, 7 mm. longa, 6 mm. lata, interdum minora, ciliolata. Stamina 8 mm. longa, antheris vix 0*75 mm. longis. Discus minutis- sime hispidulus. Stylus 6*5 mm. longus, apice rccurvus (an semper), ima basi leviter hispidulus. Fruetus subellipsoideus, 7-8 mm. longus, 4*5-5 mm. diametro. Semina convoluta, circiter 2 mm. diametro. Dalmatia. Island of Lacroma, near Dubrovnik (Ragusa), 6 Aug. 1925, Turrill 1062. Myrtus communis L. has been recognized from ancient times to be a polymorphic species, and it is of interest that some of its variations, including that figured here, can be traced back in literature to a period nearly two thousand years ago. The variety tarentina is primarily distinguished from other varieties by the smaller and narrower leaves. All specimens examined which have been definitely placed in this variety have also a fine thick indu¬ mentum on the young branches. This character, however, is not limited to var. tarentina , being seen in other specimens, preserved at 2 Kew, with leaves of or approximating to the average shape and size for the species. The pedicels are on the whole shorter and the flowers slightly smaller than in the more usual varieties, but no constant characters, limited to the variety, have been found in the shape of the calyx segments or fruits, although it should be noted that little fruiting material is available for study. Structures intermediate between sepals and petals, and between petals and stamens, have been observed in cultivated material. The internodes are frequently rather short, giving the leaves a crowded appearance. There is in some specimens a tendency for the leaves, especially in the flowering parts of the branches, to lose their definite opposite decussate arrangement. Plants seen by the writer in Dalmatia were somewhat smaller than most of those of the commoner kind. It is difficult to speak with certainty of the natural distribution of the variety, partly because of the paucity of herbarium material and partly because it has been widely cultivated. It occurs here and there in the macchia on the Dalmatian coast, mixed with specimens of the broader-leaved variety, having been found, for example, near sea- level on the island of Lacroma, in 1925 (Turrill 1062). In Italy it is recorded from near Taranto and from the Naples district. For Sicily, Pojero, FI. Sicula, i. pt. 2, 225 (1891), says “ La var. tarentina la cito solo per farsene ricerca in Sicilia, ove non dovrebbe mancare.” Moris, FI. Sardoa, ii. 79 (1840), records the variety in Sardinia as growing “ in aridis circa S. Rocco di Pula,” but also says “ Varietas tarentina , in hortis cultura persistens, alienam a vulgari stirpe faciem refert. Sed stipites ejus, in statu naturae folia ramea inferiora identidem promunt ut in varietate vulgari , praeterea occurrunt foliis baccisque minoribus majoribusve quibus ad typum accedent.” Rouy and Foucaud (l.c.) record our plant from various localities in the Bouches-du-Rhone, Aude, and Corsica. It is doubtful if the variety occurs wild in Spain. Laguna, FI. For. Espan. 153, t. 9 (1872), says it is cultivated at Granada and (probably) in Cataluna at S. Miguel del Fay. In the herbarium of the British Museum (Natural History) there is" a specimen from Cataluna (Monroig, garigues de Miramar, 1917 — iv et vii, F. Sennen — Plantes d’Espagne 3052), under the name Myrtus Borbonis Sennen, which is indistinguishable from M. communis var. tarentina . The var. microphylla \V illk. et Lange, Prodr. FI. Hisp. iii. 191 (1874), is most probably a different variety from var. tarentina . Lowe, Manual FI. Madeira, 268 (1868), says that var. tarentina occurs frequently in gardens. A specimen in Herb. Kew. collected in Teneriffe (in rupibus siccis Metceca, Aug. 1845, Bourgeau 513) shows that the plant is known from the Canaries, but probably only as an escape from cultivation. The varietal name “tarentina” was taken over by Linnaeus (Sp. PI. 47 J : 1753) from C. Bauhin (Pinax 469: 1623), and by C. Bauhin from Mattioli (Comment. ed.Bauh. 196: 1598). Linnaeus’s reference is simply “y Myrtus minor vulgaris. Bauh. pin. 469.” Fortunately in Mattioli, l.c. 195, under the title “ II. Myrtus Tarentina,” there is an excellent figure which enables the variety to be fixed without doubt. The text 3 no * comments on the plant are “ Quod Dioscoridi Myrtidanum nominatur, vulgo notissimum est, ubi scilicet myrtus frequens nascitur. Sunt et alia veteribus Myrti genera, nobis quoque non ignota, nempe Tarentinum, et exoticum. Tarentina a Tarento Apuliae civitate, ubi copiosa provenit ita vocata, folio est nostrate longe minutiore, robustio- reque : fructu minore, copiosiore, et in summitate pluribus apicibus coronato, colore ex nigro purpurascente, minutis, crebris, albicanti- busque intus ossiculis : floribus communi Myrto similibus.,, This description is, in part, the same as that in Dalechamps, Hist. Gen. 237-38 (1587)— where (on p. 237) there is also a good figure of our plant under the name Myrtus Tarentina — and is evidently derived from Mattioli’s Comment, ed. 1565, p. 232 (figure on p.229). This figure is similar to, but not the same as, that in Bauhin’s edition, but is a reproduction of that in Mattioli, New Kreiiterbuch, 81 (1563). On p. 80 of this work the following words occur : “ Es sindt auch noch andere geschlecht bey den alten erfunden, nemlich bey dem Plinio lib. 15. cap. 29. der erzelet noch Myrtum Tarentinam, und Exoticam. Myrtus Tarentina, allso genandt von der herrlichen stadt Apuliae, hat vil kleiner und steiffer Blotter dann der einheymische. Auch runder und kleiner friichte, die sindt am oberteil gekronet, an der farb schwarz purpur, haben inwendig vil weisse kleinc steinkernlen. Er bliiet wie der gemeine Myrtenbaum.” This reference to the name Myrtus Tarentina most certainly, as indi¬ cated by the description, locality, and figure, refers to the plant here figured. The reference to Pliny, however, allows the variety to be traced back to near the beginning of the Christian era (Pliny: a.d. 23-79). Pliny’s words are : “ Sati varum genera topiarii faciunt : Tarentinam, folio minuto : nostratem, patulo : hexasticham densissimo, senis foliorum versibus,” ed. Harduin. i. 753 (1723). It would seem that Pliny regarded the Tarentine myrtle as a cultivated plant. Be that as it may, it is a matter of considerable interest that the same variety is still in existence after nearly two thousand years. The Tarentine myrtle was also mentioned in Mattioli, Comm. 129 (1554), and the name may occur in other early herbals than those here quoted. In Museum No. I at Kew, specimens of Myrtus communis are pre¬ served from ancient, especially Egyptian, tombs. Material received from Prof, (now Sir) Flinders Petrie, from “ animal burials of Roman age Lahun,” has hairy shoots and leaves smaller than the average for the species, but, in the writer’s opinion the leaf shape is not that of the var. tarentina. The variety is said to be hardier under cultivation in the British Isles than other varieties (see Bean, Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, ii. 91 : 1921).— W. B. Turrill. Fiq. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, flower bud, x 4; 3, petal, adaxial translucent view, x 4; 4, stamen, x 8 ; 5, gynoecium and calyx, x 4 ; o, iruit, x 2 ; 7, seed, x 6. * 3204 Tabula 3204. AMARACUS AMANUS (Post) Bornm. Labiatae. Tribus Saturejeae. A. amanus (Post) Bornm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, vii. 26 (1917). Origanum amanum Post in Bull. Ilerb. Boiss. iii. 161 (1895). — Ab A. scabro (Boiss. et Heldr.) Briq., foliis infra nervis hispidis, marginibus hispido-ciliatis, inflorescentiis saepissime simplicibus, corolla 3*2 cm. longa, staminibus in tubo inclusis facile distinguitur. Planta perennis, inf erne suffruticosa. Radix lignosa. Caules numerosi, e basi decumbente vel ascendente erecti, usque ad 1*6 dm. longi, juniores purpurei deinde brunnei, hispidi, inferne ramosi, inter- nodiis 0 • 7-2 cm. longis. Folia ovata, acuta vel subacuta, basi cordata, sessilia, saepissime circiter 1*3 cm. (usque ad 1-7 cm.) longa et 1 cm. (usque ad 1*3 cm.) lata, supra glabra vel glabrescentia, infra in nervis hispida, utrinque glanduloso-punctata, nervis infra prominentibus supra subprominentibus, marginibus hispido-ciliatis. Injlorescentia simplex vel rarissirae ramosa, compacta, 1*5-2 -7 cm. longa, 1-1*7 cm. lata ; bracteae inferiores foliis subsimiles sed minores et purpuras- centes, llorales imbricatae, anguste ovatae vel elliptico-ovatae, acutae, basi cuneatae vel truncatae, 0*5-1 *5 cm. longae, 2*5-9 mm. latae, utrinque glabrae vel glabrescentes, supra glanduloso-punctatae, infra haud vel sparse glanduloso-punctatae, membranaceae, marginibus ciliatis, purpureae. Calyx anguste campanulatus, 9 mm. longus, tubo 1 mm. diametro extra sparsissime setoso intus fauce leviter piloso, labio superiore 2*5 mm. longo dentibus 3 subaequalibus triangularibus acutis 0*5 mm. longis saepe ciliatis instructo, inferiore dentibus 2 sub¬ aequalibus triangularibus acutis 2 mm. longis saepe ciliatis praedito. Corolla 3*2 cm. longa, tubo 2*8 cm. longo 1*5 mm. diametro hispidulo haud glanduloso-punctato, labio superiore transverse elliptico breviter bifido, 2 mm. diametro, labio inferiore lobis 3 subaequalibus (medio lateralibus leviter majore) orbicularibus 0*25 cm. diametro instructo, lobis omnibus vix crenulatis. Stamina in corollae tubo inclusa, 2 • 3 cm. et 2*45 cm. supra basin inserta, filamentis 0*5 mm. longis. Stylus juvenilis apice aequaliter bifidus. Syria. Amanus : Gaiour Dagh, Aug.-Sept. 1892, Post 323 ; mont. de Drildril, 1500-2000 m., Aug. 1911, Haradjian 3884. 2 The very striking species here figured is especially remarkable for the elongated corolla-tube, which far exceeds in length that of any other known species of Amaracus or of the allied genera Origanum and Major ana. Apparently in correlation with the long corolla-tube, the stamens have very short filaments and are included in the tube. The affinity of A. amanus is with A. scaber (Boiss. et Heldr.) origin¬ ally described from Mt. Taygetos in the Peloponnese. Orphanides also collected it on Mt. Malevo, Laconia. A. pulcher (Boiss. et Heldr.) Briq., from Mt. Dirphys (Delphi) and Kandyli, Euboea, has usually been regarded as a distinct species. A careful examination of the material now available at Kew has, however, led to the conclusion that it is not specifically distinct from A. scaber . The earliest name for the species as thus accepted is Origanum scabrum Boiss. et Heldr. removed to Amaracus by Briquet in Pflanzenfam. iv. 3A, 306 (1896). Another species showing some morphological affinity with Amaracus amanus is A. cordifolius (Montbr. et Auch.) Benth. from Cyprus (probably the record from Syria is incorrect). This is a much taller plant with broader floral bracts and shorter corollas. The plate and description have been prepared from Haradjian’s material preserved at Kew. President Dodge, of the American University of Beirut, kindly lent the type specimen from Post’s Her¬ barium, and there is no doubt that Haradjian s and Post s material represent the same species. The former has the vegetative parts slightly more hispid, the leaves and bracts less acute, the calyx-teeth slightly broader, and the corolla-tube less hairy than in the type. One of the three pieces of the type sheet has the bracts and calyx-teeth exceptionally narrow, the former being almost acuminate. A. K. Jackson. Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, portion of lower surface of leaf, x 4 ; 3, flower bud, x 2 ; 4, calyx, x 4 ; 5, upper portion of calyx opened out, x 4 ; 6, corolla opened out, x 2 ; 7, stamen, dorsal view, x 8 ; 8, gynoecium, x 4 ; 9, ovary, x 12. 3205 Tabula 3205 CYANANTHUS WARDII Marquand. Campanulaceae. Tribus Campanuleae. C. Wardii Marquand in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xlviii. 196 (1929) ; S. macrocalyci Franch. var. piloso Marquand e provincia Yunnan affinis, a quo foliis scssilibus ellipticis dense et longe pilosis cataphyllis magnis subscariosis inter alia differt. Planta perennis. Caudex raraosus cataphyllis obtusis spathulatis submembranaceis 1-1-5 cm. longis 3-3*5 mm. latis dense vestitus. Caules floriferi et steriles multi, graciles, adscendentes, sparse pilosi, circiter 8 cm. longi. Folia caulina infra minuta, sursum increscentia, oblanceolata, subobtusa, usque 11 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, subsessilia, utrinque dense albo-pilosa. Flares solitarii, terminals, brevissime pedicellati. Calyx extra densissime pilosus ; tubus circiter 7 mm. longus, 6-7 mm. diametro, intus glaber ; lobi 5, 4-5 mm. longi, basi 3*5-4 mm. lati, apice subacuti, intus pilosi. Corolla caerulea, 3-4 cm. longa, usque ad tertiam partem in lobos 5 oblongos mucronu- latos circiter 5 mm. latos divisa, fauce albido-tomentosa, extra apice pilosa. Stamina 5, filamentis gracillimis corollae tubo dimidio brevi- oribus ; antherae ovoideae, 3-3*5 mm. longae. Stylus glaber, corollae tubum vix excedens. Ovarium ovoideo-oblongum, 1 cm. longum, glabrum. S.E. Tibet. Nambu La, 3400-3600 m., 13 Aug. 1924, Kingdon Ward (with no. 6082). This interesting species was found with specimens of Microula siickimensis Hemsl. collected by Capt. F. Kingdon Ward, by whom it was also introduced into cultivation. It is the most densely hairy species known in this aberrant genus, which differs from all other genera of Campanulaceae in having the ovary wholly superior, and is confined to the interior of Asia. The rather striking habit of the plant is doubt¬ less a response to the conditions under which it grows, where, at an altitude of 12,000 feet, it would be under deep snow in the winter and exposed to the high winds prevalent in Tibet during the comparatively short summer period. — C. V. B. Marquand. Fig. 1, portion of a plant, showing the caudex with cataphylls. and the flower¬ ing stems, natural size ; 2, flower in longitudinal section, x 1*6 ; 3, stamen, seen from without, x 3 ; 4, gynoecium, x 2. ■ J 3206 Tabula 3206. GAULTHERIA DTJMICOLA var. PETANONEURON Airy-Shaw. Ericaceae. Tribus Gaultherieae. G. dumicola W. IV. Smith in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. ix. 106 (1916), var. petanoneuron Airy-Shaw. G. dumicola auctt. Edin. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. xvii. 158, 286, 360 (1930). — Varietas nova, foliis latioribus cordatis, nervis lateral ibus a costa angulo fere recto divergentibus margini (praecipue basali) subparallelis distincta. Frutex 0 • 6-1 • 2 m . altus . Ramuli arcuati (teste Forrest) , subteretes, subtiliter striati, glabri, usque 5 mm. diametro, levissime anfractuosi, internodiis 3-5*5 cm. longis. Folia late ovata, usque 14 cm. longa et 9 cm. lata, basi cordata, acuminata, margine minute denticulata denti- culis setula caduca terminatis apicem folii versus in dentes manifes- tiores transeuntibus, valde coriacea, olivacea (infra pallidiora), utrinque glabra, nervis supra impressis infra prominulis costa valida valde pro- minente \ nervi laterales utrinque solitarii, ab ipsa basi angulo fere recto exorti atque laminam margini fere paralleli percurrentes, a margine circiter 5-8 mm. (raro usque 11 mm.) distantes ; nervi tertiarii inter hos et nervum tenuem stricte marginalem plus minus crebre scalari- formes ; nervi alii tertiarii a costa irregulariter adscendentes, saepe furcati, inter se anastomosantes ; petioli robusti, circiter 2-4 mm. longi, 2-3 mm. crassi, basi distincte articulati, ex area ramuli elongato- elliptica laevi fusco-castanea orti. Inflorescentiae axillares, brevissime racemosae vel fere fasciculares, multiflorae, glabrae ; rhachis usque 1 *8 cm. longa ; bracteae bracteolaeque parvae, deltoideo-subulatae, 0*5-1 *5 mm. longae, dorso carinatae, plus minus scariosae et fimbriatae vel glanduloso-ciliatae ; pedicelli patuli, usque 8 mm. longi. Flores officio feminei tantum noti. Calyx cupularis, 2-3 mm. longus et iatus, basi in umbonem cum pedicello articulatum subito truncato-attenuatus, glaber, lobis triangulari-ovatis acutis. Corolla calyce paullo longior eique aequilata, late campanulata potius quam urceolata (ub in descrip- tione originali speciei), glabra, lobis triangularibus acutis leviter recurvis. Stamina minima, sterilia, circiter 1 mm. longa, subulata, supra basin dilatata, minutissime puberula, antheris minutissimis ovoideis exappendiculatis. Ovarium subglobosum, 1—2 mm. diametro, dense 2 adpresse albido-pilosum ; stylus paullo ultra 1 mm. longus, satvalidus, stigma te incrassato subcapitato. Capsula depresso-globosa, 3-4 mm. diametro, sparse pilosa. China : Yunnan. Without locality, July 1917, Forrest 15785 ; Shweli-Salwin divide, 25° 30' N., 2700-3000 m., July 1918, Forrest 17773 ; amongst scrub and rocks in side valleys on the N’Maikha- Salwin divide, 26° N., 2400-2700 m., Nov. 1919, Forrest 18832 (type) : — “ Shrub of 2-4 ft. Branches arched. In fruit, fruits black.” This variety is distinguishable by its broader, very definitely cordate leaves, the two lateral nerves of which leave the midrib at the extreme base at an angle of 80°-90° and follow a course practically parallel to the margin. In the type of the species the leaves are rounded-truncate to broadly cuneate at the base (though very slightly cordate in Forrest 9568), and the nerves diverge from the midrib, generally distinctly above the base, at an acute angle (40°-45°). Though inhabiting much the same geographical area as the type, the variety petanoneuron seems to favour higher altitudes : 2400-3000 m. as against 1800-2100 m. The anthers of G. dumicola were originally described as biaristate, but in none of the material examined, either of the typical plant or of the variety, has any sign of appendages been observed ; indeed, in most cases the stamens consist of the minute filament only. Func¬ tionally unisexual flowers are of course known in other species of the genus, but in G. dumicola “ female ” flowers seem to be the rule. H. K. Airy-Shaw. Fig. 1, portion of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, bract and bracteoles, x 6 ; 3, corolla, opened out, showing abortive stamens, x 4 ; 4, abortive stamen, x 30 ; 5, gynoccium and disk, x 8; 6, capsule and persistent calyx, x 4. Tabula 3207. GAULTHERIA CODONANTHA Airy-Shaw. Ericaceae. Tribus Gaultherieae. G. codonantha Airy-Shaw ; species nova insignis, G. dumicolae W. W. 8m. affinis, sed corolla latissime campanulata maxima, ramis foliisque saltern subtus hispido-pubescentibus distinctissima. Dumus magnus, statura ignota. Hamuli (partibus superioribus tantum notis) modice graciles, subteretes, 1-2 vel vix 3 mm. diametro, le viter anfractuosi, sparse vel dense subtiliter vel valde patulo- ferrugineo-setosi, internodiis 2-5 cm. longis. Folia disticha, latissime ovata usque elliptico-ovata vel lanceolata (superiora raro fere elliptica), 6 cm. longa et 2*2 cm. lata usque 18 cm. longa et 15 cm. lata, basi leviter cordata usque truncato-rotundata (superiora raro cuneata), apice acuminata, acuta, margine levissime revoluta brevissime dissite abrupt© dentata, dente majore cum minore saepe alternante, dentibus patentibus sub lente obtusis primum setula terminatis demum varie apiculatis, chartaceo-coriacea, pagina superiore siccitate surde griseo- viridia, setulis adpressis 1-1*5 mm. longis 1-2 mm. inter se distantibus vestita vel ima basi tantum setularum persistente glabrescentia, pagina inferiore colore laetiora, setulis ferrugineis suberectis quam pagina superiore densius vestita ; nervi supra (foliorum superiorum fere bullatim) impressi, infra prominentes et dense setulosi, rete fere ut in G. dumicola effornmntes ; foliorum latiorum nervi laterales a basi orti utrinque 3, duo validiores totum folium usque ad apicem per- currentes, tertius tenuissimus, margini arete approximatus, juxta medium evanidus ; nervi tertiarii praecipui inter costam et nervos laterales (et inter hos) infoliis latioribus laxe scalariformes, subparalleli, circiter 1 cm. distantes, in foliis minoribus adscendentes ; petioli robusti, 2-6 mm. longi, plus minus dense ferrugineo-setosi. Inftores- centiae axillares, quaque sub folio suo subcelata, brevissime racemosae vel corymbosae, 4r-7-florae, basi bracteis paucis parvis sterilibus mstructae ; rhachis 5-15 mm. longa, cum bracteis bracteolisque minutissime cinereo-velutino-tomentella ; bracteae suffulcientes late deltoideae usque ovato-triangulares, usque 8 mm. longae et 5 mm. latae, basi incrassatae, apice breviter acute acuminatae, margine minute ciliolatae et sparse denticulatae, dorso obtusiuscule carina tae ; 2 bracteolae binae, ima basi pedicelli affixae, suborbiculares, 3-4 mm. ' longae, 4-5 mm. latae, valde imbricatae, apice nonnunquam ut videtur breviter irregularitcr 2-3-lobu latae, late membranaceo-marginatae, margine ciliolato et paucidenticulato, dorso carinatae, carina in cuspidem breviusculam terminalem excurrente ; pedicelli patuli, robusti, usque 1-7 cm. longi, glaberrimi. Calyx sub anthesin breviter cupularis, usque 1*3 cm. diametro (explanatus), in lobos 5 deltoideo- ovatos 3-4 mm. longos et latos acuminatos apice minutissime cinereo- tomentellos ceterum glabros margine submembranaceos paullo ultra medium divisus. Corolla in genere maxima, siccitate ei Zenobiae persimilis, alabastro ovoideo-conica, sub anthesin late campanulata inde a basi ampliata, usque 1-8 cm. longa et lata, extra et intus glaber- rima, alabastro (teste Ward) ochroleuca, sub anthesin saepe rubro- vittata ; lobi late deltoidei, usque 8 mm. lati et fere aequilongi, dorso leviter carinati, apice incrassatuli brevissime recurvo-acuminati. Starninum filamenta subulata, $-4 mm. longa (connectivo incluso), valde complanata, basi in dilatationem rhomboideo-orbicularem 1 mm. latam subito expansa, sub lente minutissime tomentella ; antherae lanceolato-oblongae, 4-5 mm. longae, basi rotundatae 1 mm. latae, infra medium dorsifixae, siccitate laete aurantiacae, glabrae, sub lente minute punctulatae vel areolatae, thecis superius 2 mm. inter se liberis biaristatis aristis minute asperulis circiter 1-5 mm. longis fere angulo recto deflexis. Ovarium depresso-globosum, 5- vel nunc 6-loculare, circiter 2 mm. longum, 5 mm. diametro, glabrum, disco obsoleto ; stylus columnaris, usque 9 mm. longus, stigmate truncato vix expan so ; ovula numerosissima, angulosa, castanea, per totam placentam in quoque loculo densissime conferta. Capsula non visa. Assam. Camp, Chibaon, Delei valley, 28° 10' N., 96° 30' E., in thickets on the steep slope of the hill, 1500 m., 6 Apr. 1928, F. Kingdont Ward 8024. “ A large bushy shrub. Flowers cream in bud, banded with red (often) when fully open ; very large.” An investigation into the relationships of the two species of Gaul - thena figured in this and in the preceding plate has shown the necessity for considerable readjustments in the classification of the Asiatic species of the genus. It is hoped to publish elsewhere a paper on this subject. Here it may suffice to observe that the two species now figured, together with G. notabilis Anth. from Yunnan and an un¬ described species from Sumatra, form a natural group which it is proposed to distinguish as follows : — Series Dumicolae Airy-Shaw , ser. nov. Pedicelli ima basi (raro paullo supra basin) bibracteolati, bracteolis haud connatis. Folia infra medium latiora (plus minus ovata). Flores in racemis brevibus corymbosis dispositi. Corolla campanulata. — Typus : G. dumicola W. W. Sm. . It should be pointed out that none of the above characters (with the possible exception of the inflorescence) is actually confined to 3 this group. In combination, however, they clearly delimit the four constituent species from the remainder of the genus. G . codonaniha is readily distinguishable from the two Yunnan species by the very large size of the flowers. The specimens collected by Ward show some variation in indumentum : this may be due to differences of light-intensity in the habitat. G. notabilis Anth. differs from G. dumicola W. W. Sm. in its dwarf habit, slender branches, sparse ferrugineous indumentum, small leaves and few-flowered inflorescences. H. K. Airy-Shaw. Fig. 1, portion of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, upper surface of leaf, showing indumentum, x 2 ; 3, bract and bracteoles, x 4 ; 4, corolla, opened out, natural size ; 5, flower, with corolla removed, x 2 ; 6, anther, abaxial view, x 4 ; 7, the same, adaxial view, x 4 ; 8, gvnoecium, x 3. Tabula 3208. QUEENSLANDIELLA HY ALINA ( Vahl ) Ballard. Cyperaceae. Tribus Cypereae. Q. hyalina ( Vahl) Ballard, comb. nov. Cyperus hyalinus Vahl, Enum. ii. 329 (1806). C. pumilus Nees in Wight, Contrib. 74 (1834), excl. syn., non L. Pycreus pumilus Nees in Linnaea, ix. 283 (1834), quoad specim., excl. syn. Queenslandiella mira Domin in Bibl. Bot. lxxxv. 416 (1915). Pycreus hyalinus Domin, l.c. 417 (1915). Maris- copsis suaveolens Cherm. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Par. xxv. 60 (1919). M. hyalinus Ballard in Kew Bull. 1932, 457. — Species generis unica. Planta annua, siccitate Trigonellam Foenum-graecum intense olens. Culmi caespitosi, erecti vel suberecti, usque 40 cm. alti, basi bulbosi! triquetri, striati, glabri. Folia numerosa, basalia, culmum fere aequantia, usque 6 mm. lata, flaccida, glabra, marginibus et costis plus minusve scabra. Bracteae involucrales 4r-6, valde inaequales, usque 20 cm. longae, foliis similes, suberectae vel patulae. Anthela simplex, 4-8-radiata ; radii paullum inaequales, patuli, usque 12 cm. long1, graciles. Spicae 8-18 mm. longae, 7-17 mm. latae, 8-15-spicu- latae. Spiculae valde laxae, patulae, ovatae vel ovato-ellipticae, valde compressae, 4-9 mm. longae, 1 '5-2-5 mm. latae, 3-9-florae; rhachilla late alata, supra squamas steriles articulata. Squamae steriles 2, usque 1-5 mm. longae, persistentes. Squamae fertUes imbri- catae, 2 -5-3 -5 mm. longae, ambitu lanceolato-ovatae vel late ovatae, valde carinatae, lateribus laete luteis vel luteo-viridibus, prominenter 3 4-nervatis, marginibus scariosis. Stamina 2; antherae acutae. Stylus profunde bifidus, ramis elongatis exsertis. Nux dimidium squamae aequans vel paullo superans, asymmetrica, suborbicularis vel rotundo-quadrata, apice rotundato-truncata et leviter eraarginata, compre8sa, biconvexa, angulis obtusis, dense et subtiiiter punctulata, brunnea. India. Bombay Presidency : Bombay, Sion suburb, Woodrow (fide Clarke) ; without locality, Leith 25 ; T. Cooke 25 (fide Clarke). Madras Presidency : Chingleput District, Nungambakam, Jan. 1900, ex Herb. Madras ; Coimbatore District, Satiamangalam, March 1902, A. W. Lushirujton ; Palni Hills, Shembaganur, 1800 m., L. Anglade 1097B. 2 Laccadive Islands, Prain (fide Clarke). Without precise locality, Wight 1808, 2864 pro parte ; Herb. Rottler ; Wallich 3336c, pro parte., Ceylon. Anuradhapura, Dec. 1881, Trimen. Mascarene Islands. Mauritius : near Mare Samson, growing in sand by track leading to Pt. aux Sables, sea level, April 1926, R. E- Vaughan B. 46 ; and June 1930, R. E. Vaughan B. 46a. Madagascar : damp meadows to the north of the Island, Bernier 33 (fide Clarke et Chermezon). Tropical Africa. Zanzibar, Last , Botvin (fide Chermezon) A Mozambique: sandy flat, April 1921, Dummer 4639; 0. Kuntze 303 (fide Clarke) ; Prelado 5 (fide Clarke). Tanganyika Territory: Dar-i es-Salaam, Holst 300 (fide Clarke). Malay Islands. Dutch Borneo, Motley (fide Merrill). Java: in I the flat country around Batavia, Backer (fide Koorders). Timor:! Coepang, 1803, R. Brown; Soe, 1929, M. E. Walsh 168a; without] locality, Forbes (fide Clarke ). Australia. North Queensland : Chillagoe, short grassy track on] chalk, Feb. 1910, Domin (fide Domin). Under the name Mariscopsis hyalinus the present plant formed the I subject of an article by the writer in Kew Bull. 1932, 456. At that] time, however, Domin’s genus Queenslandiella had not been studied! nor, indeed, could it have been surmised that a new genus of Australian] Cyperaceae was identical with a long-established Indian species.] Unfortunately, it has not been found possible to obtain on loan the type] of Queenslandiella mira from Dr. Domin’s herbarium at Prague, and] no authenticated specimen of Queenslandiella exists in the Kew Her-1 barium. There can, however, be no doubt, from the drawing repro-l duced in Bibliotheca Botanica and the very full description thereinj that Domin’s plant is identical with Mariscopsis hyalinus. The extension of the distribution of Queenslandiella to North Queens'] land is not surprising since it had already been recorded from Timor, while distributions similar to that of Queenslandiella are already known for certain grasses. Mr. C. E. Hubbard, who collected in Queensland 1 during 1930-1931, found that in the neighbourhood of Chillagoe, the | type locality of Queenslandiella , many species of grasses occur, of which the following have the same distribution as Queenslandiella : Alloter I op sis cimicina (Retz.) Stapf (Axonopus Maidenianus Domin) ; ErCr grostis pilosa Beauv. ; Imperata cylindrica Beauv. var. Koenigii Dur* | & Schinz ; Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard. Of these* Eragrostis pilosa has been introduced to Chillagoe, but the others are probably native. f The introduction of an annual weed such as Queenslandiella is easily understandable when it is remembered that Chillagoe is a mining district | where great quantities of materials of all kinds must have been imported in the past. C. E. Hubbard, when he visited the area twenty ye*** after Domin’s discovery, was unable to find a single plant, although he made a special search for it. 3 The systematic position of the genus has been discussed in Kew Bull. 1932, 457. There seems little doubt that it comes nearest to Kyllinga , which agrees in possessing a biconvex nut and a spikelet which disarticulates in one piece at maturity. In accordance with the rule of priority, the genus must bear the name Queenslandiella in place of Mariscopsis Chermezon. This is somewhat unfortunate, since the plant is undoubtedly Indian in origin. As mentioned in the previous paper, the plant possesses the strong and characteristic odour of Trigonella Foenum-graecum. The same smell occurs also in Cyperus aristatus Rottb., another annual member of the Cyperaceae found in India. — F. Ballard. Fig. 1, entire plant, x 0*5; 2, a flowering culm, natural size ; 3, portion of rhachis with persistent sterile squamae, x 10 ; 4, young floret, lateral view, x 6 ; 5, flower, x 10 ; 6, mature disarticulated spikelet, lateral view, x 6; 7, the same*, abaxial view, x 6 ; 8, empty fertile squama showing inner surface, x 6 ; 9a and b, ripe nut, lateral and median views, x 10 ; 9c, transverse section, x 10. 32 09 Tabula 3209. CLEISTOCHLOA SUBJUNCEA C. E . Hubbard . Gramineae. Tribus Paniceae. Cleistochloa C. E. Hubbard. Genus novum Entolasiae Stapf affine, sed spiculis cleistogamis in axillis vaginarum plurimarum et spiculis chasmogamis in rhachi racemi simplicis ortis, gluma superiore emar- ginata vel truncata vel obtusa, lemmate superiore fere glabro divergens. Spiculae dimorphae, chasmogamae in rbachi gracili subtriquetra vel leviter compressa racemi spiciformis simplicis terminalis, cleisto- gamae abunde in axillis vaginarum ortae, omnes dorso compressae, muticae, demum totae a pedicellis persistentibus disarticulatae. Anthoecia duo : inferum ad lemma redactum ; superum Spiculae cbasmogamae brevissime pedicellatae, alternae, distichae, adaxiales. Glumae valde inaequales ; inferior minuta, lata, membranacea, enervis ; superior spiculae aequilonga vel paullo brevior, 5-7-nervis, nervis parallelis, firme membranacea. Anthoedum inferum : lemma spiculae aequilongum vel paullo brevius, 7-nerve, firme membranaceum. Anthoedum superum : lemma spiculae aequilongum vel paullo brevius, 5-7 -nerve, tenuiter coriaceum, papillosum, apice et plerumque margini- bus tenuibus planis ciliolatum ; palea lemmati aequilonga, 2-nervis. Lodiculae duao. Stamina tria. Ovarium glabrum ; styli distincti ; stigmata plumosa, supra medium anthoecii exserta. Caryopsis ignota. Spiculae deistogamae solitariae, breviter pedicellatae, abaxiales, fere glabrae. Glumae valde inaequales ; inferior ad marginem latam brevissimam tenuem enervem redacta ; superior spicula paullo brevior, conspicue 4-7-nervis, nervis parallelis, firme membranacea vel tenuiter coriacea. Anthoedum inferum : lemma spiculae subaequilongum et figura simile, incrassatum, obscure 5-nerve, apice breviter rostellatum et depressum, dorso primum convexum, siccitate dorso cicatriciformi, cartilagineum, obtuse bicarinatum, inter carinas depressum et medio leviter convexum vel inter nervum medium plerumque prominentem et carinas depressum, marginibus arete inflexis. Anthoedum superum : lemma spiculae aequilongum, obscure 5— 9-nerve, tenuiter coriaceum, papillosum, apice et plerumque marginibus tenuibus planis ciliolatum ; palea lemmati subacquilonga, 2-nervis, tenuiter coriacea. Lodiculae duae. Antherae minutae. Caryopsis ovoidea, dorso compressa, inter 2 lemma et paleam arete inclusa, scutellum circiter tertiam partem caryopsis aequans ; hilum basale. — Gramina perennia ramosissima ; innovationes plerumque intravaginales ; culmi rigidi et duri, gracillimi ; laminae breves, rigidae ; ligulae ad seriem ciliorum redactae ; racemi laxe pauci-spiculati, erecti. Species duae, Queenslandiae incolae. Typus: C. subjuncea C. E. Hubbard. Spiculae chasmogamae fere glabrae ; gluma superior et lemma inferius emarginata vel truncata . 1 . C. subjuncea. Spiculae chasmogamae dense et breviter pubescentes ; gluma superior et lemma inferius obtusa . 2. C. Scleraehne . 1. Cleistochloa subjuncea C. E. Hubbard , nora. nov. (t. 3209). Panicum subjunceum Domin in Biblioth. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 314, fig. 70 (1915), non Ekman (1911). Entolasia subjuncea C. E. Hubbard in Journ. Ecol. xxi. 223 (1933), nomen tantum. Culmi 30-60 cm. alti, basi cataphyllis coriaceis glabris vel minute hirsutis obtecti, laxe vel dense caespitosi, erecti vel plerumque geniculati, teretes, multinodes, e nodis plurimis ramosi, ramis solitariis vel fasci- culatis erectis vel plerumque patentibus, virides, striati, pilis rigidis brevibus ascendcntibus e tuberculis ortis dense vel laxe hispidi vel glabri, scaberuli vel raro fere laeves. Foliorum vaginae internodiis plerumque multo breviores, 0*5-3 -5 cm. longae, teretes, striatae, primum virides et arete appressae, demum stramineae laxae et culmos detegentes, pilis albis ascendentibus vel patentibus saepe e tuberculis ortis laxe vel dense hirsutae vel glabrae ; ligulae ad seriem ciliorum brevium redactae ; laminae lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae, in apicein obtusum subcallosum attenuatae, 1-5 cm. longae, 1-2*8 mm. latae, planae vel plerumque convolutae, demum e vagina disarticulantes, virides, pilis rigidis brevibus e tuberculis ortis laxe hispidae, nonnun- quam subtus puberulae vel glabrescentes, inarginibus scaberulis car- tilagineis. Racemi graciles, stricti, 0*7-2 *5 cm. longi, 2-6-spiculati, virides; rhachis subtriquetra, scaberula ; pedicelli 0*25-0*5 mm. longi, puberuli, apice subdiscoidei. Spiculae chasmogamae erectae, laxae, lanceolato- vel anguste elliptico-oblongae vel oblongae, sub- acutae vel obtusae, 3 *5-4 *5 mm. longae, fere glabrae. Gluma inferior oblata, emarginata vel truncata, 0*3-0 *7 mm. longa ; gluma superior (explanata) oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, emarginata vel truncata, 3-3*8 mm. longa, 5-nervis, asperula, apice ciliolata. Anthoeciuifl inferum ; lemma (explanatum) ellipticum vel elliptico-oblonguni, emarginatum, 3*5-4 mm. longum, asperulum, apice et plerumque marginibus apicem versus ciliolatum. Anthoecium superum ellipticum, subacuminatum, apice obtusum : lemma spiculae aequilongum, late ellipticum (explanatum), obtusum, 5-7-nerve ; palea elliptico-lanceo- lata, subacuminata, apice et plerumque marginibus ciliolata. Anther** lineares, circiter 2*5 mm. longae. Spiculae cleistogamae ovatae. 3 oblongae, vel elliptico-oblongae, obtusae, plerumque apiculatae, 4-6 mm. longae ; pedicelli 1*5-2 mm. longi, puberuli, apice discoidei. Gluma inferior usque ad 0*3 mm. longa ; gluma superior (explanata) oblonga vel ovato-oblonga, truncata, 3-4*5 mm. longa, 4^6-nervis, apice glabra vel ciliolata. Anthoecium inferum : lemma dorso inter Carinas primum fiavido-fuscum, demum atrofuscum. Anthoedum superum anguste ellipticum vel lanceolato-ellipticum, subacuminatum, apice obtusum : lemma 5-7-nerve, marginibus ciliolatum ; palea supra medium margini- bus ciliolata. Antherae 0 • 5-1 mm. longae. Caryopsis circiter 2 • 8 mm. longa. Queensland. North Kennedy District : near Gregory Springs Station, abundant on sandstone slopes of the Great Dividing Range, in open Eucalyptus forest, Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7702 ; on sandy slopes of the Great Dividing Range near Pentland, Feb. 1910, Domin (type) ; Warrigal, on Great Dividing Range, 420-450 m., in Acacia forest, on rocky conglomerate slopes, very common, Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7128. Burke District : Mt. Sturgeon Station, north of Hughenden, on quartzite hill slopes, in Eucalyptus forest, Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7746. Mitchell District: east of Jericho, on Great Dividing Range, 410 m., abundant in Acacia forest, on hard brown sandy soil, Feb. 1931, Hubbard 7853. Leichhardt District : Bluff, on rocky hill in Eucalyptus forest, 210 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard 7991. Burnett District: Mundubbera, 1930, Bloxsome 94. Darling Downs District : near Gurulmundi, on Great Dividing Range, on stony soil in open Eucalyptus forest, 360 m., Nov. 1930, Hubbard 5058. Moreton District: Blackheath, near Ipswich, April 1908, White ; near Moggill, on stony sandstone hills, 180 m., in open Eucalyptus forest, Nov. 1930, Hubbard 4904; April 1931, White 7598, Hubbard 8108. 2. Cleistochloa Sclerachne (F. M. Bailey) C. E. Hubbard , comb. nov. Chionachne Sclerachne F. M. Bailey in Queensl. Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 7 (Bot. Bull. no. 2), 21 (1891). Polytoca Sclerachne F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. vi. 1849 (1902) ; Compr. Cat. Queensl. PI. 616 (1913). Panicum marginatum var. strictum F. M. Bailey in Queensl. Agric. Journ. xxvii. 69 (1911), non Benth. Culmi usque ad 70 cm. alti, basi cataphyllis coriaceis brevibus glabris vel plus minusve pubescentibus obtecti, erecti vel geniculati, teretes, multinodes, multiramosi, virides, glabri laevesque. Foliorum vaginae lntcrnodiis multo breviores, 1-4 cm. longae, demum laxae et culmos detegentes, teretes, latae, striatae, glabrae laevesque vel pilis patentibus e tuberculis ortis laxe hirsutae ; ligulae ad seriem ciliorum minutorum redactae ; laminae lineares, in apicem callosum attenuatae, 1 • 5-9 • 5 cm. longae, 1-4 • 5 mm. latae, planae vel convolutae, e vaginis disarticulantes, obscure puberulao vel glabrae, laeves vel marginibus cartilagineis plerumque minute scaberulae. Racemi graciles, stricti, 1-2*5 cm. 4 longi, 3-6-spiculati ; rhachis leviter compressa, scaberula ; pcdicelli usque ad 0*3 ram. longi, minute puberuli. Spiculae chasmogamae anguste elliptico-oblongae, obtusae, 4-4*5 mm. longae, pubescentes. Gluma inferior ovata vel ovato-oblonga, obtusa, 1-2 mm. longa ; gluma superior (explanata) ovato-elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, obtusa, spiculae aequilonga, minute tuberculata, dense et bre viter pubescens, 5-7-nervis. Anthoecium inferum : lemma glumae superiori simile sed ellipticum et 7-nerve. Anthoecium superum oblongum vel ellipticum, acuminatum : lemma (explanatum) late ellipticum, 3*5 mm. longum, marginibus ciliolatis ; palea anguste elliptica, supra medium marginibus ciliolata. Spiculae cleistogamae ovato-oblongae vel oblongae, 5-7 mm. longae ; pedicelli usque ad 1*5 mm. longi. Gluma inferior 0*3 mm. longa ; gluma superior (explanata) ovato-oblonga, obtusa, 5-6 mm. longa, 5-7-nervis. Anthoecium inferum : lemma demum stramineum. Anthoecium superum ellipticum, acuminatum : lemma 5-9-nerve, apice ciliolatum. Antherae 1 mm. longae. Queensland. Cook District : Badu Island, May 1911, Bick 96 ; Lloyd Bay, April 1886, Gulliver (type). There is no doubt that Cleistochloa is most closely allied to Entolasia Stapf, a genus originally described from tropical Africa and to which Miss D. K. Hughes added two Australian species, E. marginata (R. Br.) Hughes and E . slricta (R. Br.) Hughes. Some Australian species of Entolasia are very similar in habit to Cleistochloa suhjuncea , and in southern localities are found growing with it. No cleistogamous spikelets, however, have been found by me in any species of Entolasia. Cleistochloa suhjuncea probably occurs throughout the greater part of the Dividing Range, the adjacent ranges and their offshoots in Queensland. It is usually abundant in dry localities amongst sand¬ stone or similar rocks and stones on the upper slopes or summits. In such situations the vegetation is open Eucalyptus forest with an under¬ growth of scattered shrubs and isolated tufts of xeromorphic species of Entolasia , Aristida , Eragrostis , Eriachne , etc. It is well adapted to withstand the periods of drought which occur in the area of its dis¬ tribution. The thick wiry roots, which penetrate deeply into the soil or rock-crevices, are covered with a layer of dense root-hairs ; these together with adhering particles of sand provide a protective sheath. The small leaf-blades readily disarticulate from the sheaths, and their work is apparently carried on by the dark green culms. Individual plants present a characteristic bushy appearance due to the much' branched rigid wiry culms. The cleistogamous spikelets are abundantly produced in the axils of almost all the leaf-sheaths, and at maturity largo numbers may be seen on the ground beneath the plants. They are not, however, usually developed in the axil of the terminal leaf-sheath immediately below the inflorescence, but a rudimentary pedicel has been found 5 there in the specimens examined. In the type specimen of Panicum subjunceum, kindly lent by Dr. Domin for examination, the cleisto- gamous spikelets have already fallen, but their pedicels are visible. Several special features are found in the cleistogamous spikelet. The lower gluma is reduced to an obscure rim at the base of the spikelet The sterile lemma in the fresh condition is rather thick with a smooth convex back. At maturity it hardens, the soft tissues become depressed leaving a more or less prominent midrib, two keels and an apical dorsal projection. A scar-like dorsal surface is thus produced which changes in colour from yellow to brown on maturity. This indurated sterile lemma closely embraces the fertile floret and serves to protect the grain In the mature fertile floret the minute anthers are found entangled with the stigmatic hairs at the apex of the caryopsis, the whole being enclosed by the lemma and palea. As the cleistogamous spikelet develops it pushes out the leaf-sheath and causes the culm to assume a slightly bowed appearance, thus permitting the spikelet to fall to the ground at maturity. In Cleistochloa subjuncea the cleistogamous spikelets are probably produced more or less continuously (except under very unfavourable conditions), and form the normal method of reproduction When * however, there is a sufficient supply of water such as is received durins the summer rains, then the chasmogamous terminal inflorescences are freely formed. In the chasmogamous spikelets examined no grains have been found, but it is very probable that they may be produced as a well-developed ovary is present. P ’ Cleistochloa Sclerachne was originally described as a species of Chionachne by F. M. Bailey from material collected by Gulliver at Lloyd Bay. The type specimen in the Brisbane Herbarium consists oi a tew small pieces of culm and some cleistogamous spikelets This material proved insufficient to give Bailey a clear idea of the species Later he transferred it to the genus Polytoca. Both Chionachne and lolytoca belong to the tribe Maydeae and are readily distinguished by their unisexual spikelets of quite a different structure. Still later Bailey referred complete plants of this species collected by Bick on ■uadu Island to Panicum marginatum var. slrictum Benth. (= Enlolasia I ric.[a Hu8^es), failing to connect them with his Chionachne Sclerachne. n lek s specimens both chasmogamous and cleistogamous spikelets are represented, the latter agreeing with those from Gulliver’s plant. e .amended description given above is mainly drawn up from Bick’s specimens. According to Bailey (Compr. Cat. Queensl. PI. 616), this species is a troublesome spear grass at Somerset, Cape York, but iere are no specimens from this locality in the Brisbane Herbarium. ‘ 1 *n Meded* Riiks Herb., Leiden, No. 67, 17 (1931), has ic entitled with Chionachne Sclerachne Bailey a specimen collected at oturts Creek in North-West Australia by Mueller. This, however, represents a new species of Chionachne. In describing certain American cleistogamous grasses, Mrs. Chase states that most of the species so far found are plants of arid regions 6 or of dry places in humid regions. This is the case with all the cleisto- gamous grasses which have been observed in Australia. A somewhat similar type of cleistogamous spikelet to that described above is pro¬ duced in the axils of the leaf -sheaths of Microlaena polynoda Hook, f . C. E. Hubbard. Addendum. The following additional material of Cleistochloa subjuncea was received from Mr. C. T. White after the preceding text was in type Mitchell District : Torrens Creek ; on rocky sandstone hills, March 1933, White 8749, 8754. These specimens show slight differences in the size and shapes of various parts, of which details are given here to supplement the specific description : — Foliorum laminae usque ad 7 cm. longae et 3*5 mm. latae. Racemi usque ad 5 cm. longi. Spiculae chasmogamae 3-4-5 mm. longae, gluma inferiore nonnumquam nulla vel minutissima. Spiculae cleistogarnae late oblongo-ellipticae, usque ad 7 mm. longae et 3-8 mm. latae. — C. E. H. Cleistochloa subjuncea. Fio. 1, an entire plant, showing habit, x 2, portion of plant, the minute pilosity omitted, natural size ; 3, terminal raceme, x 3 ; 4, leaf and portion of culm, showing cleistogamous spikelet in situ, x 3 ; 5, chasmogamous spikelet, ventral view, x 8 ; 6, chasmogamous spikelet, dorsal view, x 8 ; 7-14, details of chasmogamous spikelet: — 7, lower glume, x 8 ; 8, upper glume, x 8 ; 9, lower lemma, x 8; 10, upper lemma, x 8; 11, upper lemma (flattened), x 8; 12, palea, x 8 ; 13, flower, x 8 ; 14, diagram of chasmogamous spikelet ; 15, cloistoga- mous spikelet, dorsal view, x 8; 16, cleistogamous spikelet, ventral view, x 8 ; 17, cleistogamous spikelet, lateral view, x 8 ; 18-24, details of cleistogamous spikelet : — 18, lower glume, x 8 ,- 19, upper glume, x 8 ; 20, transverse section of sterile lemma in fresh condition, x 8 ; 21, upper floret, x 8 ; 22, flower, x 8 ; 23, caryopsis, x 15 ; 24, diagram of cleistogamous spikelet enclosed by leaf- sheath. _ 3210 Tabula 3210. CALYPTOCHLOA GRACILLIMA C. E. Hubbard. Gramineae. Tribus Paniceae. Calyptochloa C. E. Hubbard. Genus novum e tribu Panicearum , ceterum sedis dubiae ; distinguitur spiculis dimorphis, aliis adaxialibus in rhachi racemi spiciformis solitarii, aliis solitariis in axillis vaginarum superiorum, gluma inferiore minutissima vel nulla, anthoecio infero ad lemma redacto, lemmate anthoecii inferi cuspidato vel breviter aristato demum tenuiter coriaceo marginibus planis. Spieulae dimorphae, chasmogamae vel cleistogamae in rhachi gracillima subangulata racemi spiciformis simplicis terminalis et cleistogamae singulae plerumque in axillis vaginarum superiorum ortae Anthoecia duo : inferum ad lemma redactum ; superum Spieulae racemorum solitariae, brevissime pedicellatae, adaxiales, demum totae a pedicellis persistentibus disarticulatae, ovatae vel ovato-ellipticae demum hiantes, cuspidatae vel breviter aristatae. Glumae valde inaequales ; inferior brevissima, hyalina, minute pilosa; superior (explanata) late ovata vel late elliptica, obtusa, spieulae subaequilonga, apice tenui excepto firme herbaceo-membranacea, 7-nervis, infra medium pilis albis appressis vel paullo patentibus e tuberculis ortis dense pilosa. Anthoecimn inferum : lemma glumae superiori simile sed (explanatum) ovato-oblongum et 5-6-nerve. Anthoecium superum anguste ellipticum : lemma (explanatum) oblongo- vel ovato-ellipticum, apice cuspidatum vel breviter aristatum, spieulae aequilongum, demum tenuiter coriaceum, 5-nerve, glabrum ; palea elliptica, marginibus m cxis acuta, lemmate paullo brevior, demum tenuiter coriacea, nervis , lodiculae minutae ; stamina tria ; antherae parvae ; ovarium g abrum ; styli distincti, breves, terminales ; stigmata plumosa ; caryopsis anguste subovoidea vel ellipsoidea. Spieulae axillares sub- p?fS1 • j8 80^tariae in vagina folii arete inclusae, adaxiales, lanceolatae, spi a ae vel breviter aristatae, fere glabrae. Gluma inferior nulla ; 8 Perior oblata vel lanceolata, obtusa vel emarginata, minutissima vel usque ad medium spieulae attinens, raro deficiens, hyalina vel mem- oranacea, enervis vel raro uninervis. Anthoecium inferum : lemma anguste oblongum vel lanceolato-oblongum, obtusum vel truncatum, spicula paullo brevius, dorso complanatum vel bicarinatum et inter 2 Carinas subsulcatum, chartaceum, 3-5-nerve. Anthoecium superum lanceolatum : lemma lanceolatum, apice cuspidatum vel breviter aristatum, spiculae aequilongum, tenuiter coriaceum, 5-nerve, marginibus planis ; palea oblongo-elliptica, acuta, lemmate paullo brevior, bicarinata et inter Carinas sulcata, 4— 6-nervis, nervis lateralibus anastomosantibus, tenuiter coriacea ; lodiculae nullae ; stamina tria ; antherae minutae, inter plumas stigmaticas implicatae ; caryopsis subovoidea, leviter lateraliter compressa, facie paullo sulcata, inter lemma et paleam arete inclusa, hilo basali, scutello circiter tertiam partem caryopsis aequante. — Gramen perenne, ramosum, gracillimum, humile ; culmi multinodes, infra nodos superiores tandem plerumque disarticulantes ; foliorum vaginae infeme dilatatae et incrassatae ; ligulae ad seriem ciliorum brevissimorum redactae ; laminae lanceo- latae vel lineari-lanceolatae, planae, demum disarticulantes ; racemi solitarii, graciles, laxe pauci-spiculati ; spiculae parvae. Species unica, Queenslandiae incola. C. gracillima 0. E. Hubbard , species nova. Culmi e basi prostrata geniculato-ascendentes, e nodis inferioribus radicantes, usque ad 30 cm. longi, gracillimi vel filiformes, teretes, 1 rigidiusculi, flexuosi, laxe ramosi, ramis solitariis vel fasciculatis, j internodiis usque ad 4 cm. longis, tenuiter striati, minute scaberuli, I pilis mollibus appressis vel patentibus laxe vel dense pilosi vel j glabrescentes. Foliorum vaginae demum internodiis breviores, arete j appressae, 0*7-1 *6 cm. longae, striatae, inter costas pilis rigidiusculi^ vel mollibus e tuberculis ortis hirsutae, marginibus molliter ciliatis, inferiores teretes, superiores inferne durae et flavescentes, superne attenuatae tenuiores et glauco-virides ; laminae basi abrupte contracts* vel subrotundatae, apice subobtusae vel acutae, 1*5— 3*5 cm. longae 2- 4*5 mm. latae, firmae, glaucae, prominenter nervatae, pilis brevibu* rigidiusculis e tuberculis ortis laxe vel dense hirsutae vel glabrescentes, marginibus cartilagineis minute scaberulis. Racemi 1—1*5 cm. long*! 5-7-spiculati, albido-virides, e vagina summa breviter exserti vel ba*j inclusi ; rhachis flexuosa, scaberula ; pedicelli 0*2-0 *3 mm. long1* Spiculae racemorum 3-3 • 5 mm. longae. Gluma inferior circiter 0 • 2 ra&\ longa ; gluma superior 3 mm. longa. Lemma anthoecii sujtf* 3- 3*5 mm. longum, cuspide vel arista usque ad 2 mm. longa strict* vel flexuosa scaberula ; palea circiter 2*5 mm. longa ; antherae 1 mm. longae ; caryopsis 1*6-1 *8 mm. longa, pallide fusca. Spicule axillares 4-5*5 mm. longae. Gluma superior 0*5-1 *5 (raro 2*8) && longa. Lemma anthoecii inferi 4-5 mm. longum, basi earmark minutissime pilosa. Lemma anthoecii superi 4-5*5 mm. long1*10* cuspide vel arista stricta scaberula usque ad 2 mm. longa ; anther* usque ad 0*3 mm. longae ; caryopsis 3-3*5 mm. longa. Queensland. Burnett District : Mundubbera, April 1931, Bfa&m 9 (type). Darling Downs District: Chinchilla, in patches una Wilga ( Gcijera jyarvijlora) trees, June 1931, Beasley 168A, 169. 3 The precise position of this genus in the Paniceae is somewhat doubtful. The flattened margins of the upper lemma recall the genera grouped around Digitaria Hall. Of these the only genus with which it shows affinity is Alloteropsis Presl ; this also occurs in Australia. Calyptochloa differs from Alloteropsis in having solitary racemes, a minute nerveless lower glume, a 7-nerved eciliate upper glume and a barren lower floret which is reduced to the lemma. The spikelets of the terminal inflorescence are apparently either chasmogamous or cleistogamous. Unfortunately the material is in¬ sufficient to warrant an extensive examination of several spikelets at different stages of development. In the spikelets, however, which have been dissected, the anthers vary in size from 0-5 to 1 mm * Those spikelets with shorter anthers were definitely cleistogamous as the latter were enclosed in the mature floret and entangled among the hairs of the stigmas at the apex of the caryopsis. The lower glume of the terminal spikelets is a very minute hyaline rim hidden by hairs and at first examination is easily overlooked. J The axillary cleistogamous spikelets are tightly embraced by the leaf-sheaths. Their external structure is rather different from that of the terminal spikelets. The lower glume is suppressed whilst thl upper is small but somewhat variable in size. The lower lemma is dorsally flattened or two-keeled, no doubt owing to pressure from the culm, otherwise it is somewhat similar to the lower lemma „(.* • , ?p“t, -rwet indurated and thickened downwards. The dispersal of the grain is effected by the joints of the culm disarticulating at the base of oach leaf-sheath. Mrs. Chase has noted that in species of Triplasis which have axillary cleistogamous spikelets (“ cleistogenes ”/ the culms readily disarticulate at the lower nodes.— C. E. Hubbard. f 1 ’ nalur<l\ ; 2, spikelet from terminal inflorescence ; 3-9a details of that spikelet 3, lower glume ; 4, upper glume ; 5, lower lemma 6 „ floret; 7, upper lemma (flattened) ; 8, palea (opened out) ; 9, flower • 9a ’ inmm- termhmnnfl 8 W‘th shnV1e led anthfr8.at its aP« ! 10, diagram of spikelet from IXw *?®ore*°fnoe ; ■1,1’,a Slngle lcafl with it8 9heath enclosing an axillary Jlnm aX‘ary 8Plkelet : l3_18> details of axillary spikelet:— 13, upper glume; 14, lower lemma ; 15, upper lemma (flattened) ; 16, palea ; 17, caryopsis ; sheath118 jrS° T7'°n <>f cary°Psis 1 19. diagram of axillary spikelet enclosed by 32 U Tabula 3211. HABENARIA LONGIROSTRIS Summerhayes. Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. H. longirostris Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1932, 192 ; species valdo insignis, perianthii segmentis angustis elongatis linearibus vel lanceolatis acuininatis, petalis longiuscule ciliatis, rostelli lobo inter- medio elongato truncato apice leviter 3-dentato supra antheram valde eminente, stigmatibus pro rata brevibus distinctissima. Herba terrestris, usque 75 cm. alta. Folia 4-9, 2-3 infima ad vaginas rcdacta, intermedia lanceolato-ovata usque late ovata acuta" vel subacuminata, basi vaginantia, usque 16 cm. longa et 5 (rarius 8) cm la U, versus inflorescentiam subito decrescentia, suprema bracteis similia. Racemus cylmdncus, subdense vel dense multiflorus lTgUS’ Culter 6 Cm' diametr°; bracteae late lanceolatae Si l ’ ValdC a,cummatae> 15-3-5 cm. longae, ovarium pedicellatum aequantes vel superantes. Flores adseendentes vel erecto- patentes, magm petalis et sepalo intermedio albidis exceptis virides t l SePaluw intermedium lanceolatum, acutum, concavum! 12-18 mm longum, 2-5-3 mm. latum, trinervium ; sepala lateralia oblique falcatim lanceolata, basi margine antico rotundato dilatata acuminata 16-20 mm. longa, 4-5 mm. lata. Petala supra trientem mhmum biloba, dimidio infenore cum sepalo intermedio conglutinata, marginibus praesertim superne dense longiuscule ciliata, in toto 13- T8*’ ba^1w1*25"2 mm- lata; lobi lineares, acuti, posterior mni. ongus, 0 • 75 mm. latus, anterior 7-10 mm. longus, posteriore angustior. Labellum ex parte basali 4-5 mm. longa et 2 mm. lata ripa ltum, partitionibus anguste linearibus acutis plus minusve incurvatis, intermedia 17-23 mm. longa, lateralibus 15-18 mm. longis ; lo™ ba81 .ten_ue’ superne modice ampliatum, subacutum, 15-20 mm. ie rtn m i-?^era erpcta, 2-5-3 mm. alta, apice retusa apiculo inter- 1 .Us ^racilibus leviter incurvatis 2-5-3 mm. longis, stami- s o j ongis brevibus circiter 0-7 mm. longis. Brachia stigmatifera c ssiuscula, apice incrassata, 3-4 mm. longa ; rostelli lobus intermedius asi triangularis, superne anguste oblongus, apice truncatus leviter o-(lentatus, 4-5 mm. longus, antheram valde superans, dense papillatus. Uvanum 10-16 mm. longum, saepius curvatum. 2 Northern Nigeria. Naraguta, July 1921, Lely 462 (type) ; Vom, Bauchi Plateau, 900-1350 m., Dent Young ; Plains, August 1930, Lely P630 ; without locality, August 1912, Nelson 13. Uganda. Serere Teso, in cleared land among grass, 1080 m., July 1932, Chandler 819. ' Habenaria longirostris seems to occupy a somewhat isolated position among the African representatives of the genus. The only species which appears to resemble it at all closely is //. rhombocorys Schltr., an inhabitant of Nyasaland and southern Tanganyika Territory. The latter has been placed in Sect. Multipartitae ( Tacnianthera Schltr.) — erroneously, in the writer's opinion. H. longirostris and II. rhombocorys agree in general habit and type of inflorescence, in the general features of the lip and of the sepals, and in the exceptional hairiness of the petals. In II. longirostris , however, these are bilobed in the upper two-thirds, whereas in II. rhombocorys they are simple. It is significant that the petals in the latter species have the anticous margin much dilated, forming what might be considered as the beginning of an anticous lobe. In column structure the two species show many points of resemblance, the stigmas are similar, and in each the rostellum is large and truncate, and projects above the anther loculi. When first described, H. longirostris was known only from Northern Nigeria, but specimens have recently been received from Uganda and it can thus be -numbered among the many species common to East Africa and Nigeria. A large number of East African species extend as far west as the Bauchi Plateau in Northern Nigeria, especially the Savannah types such as most of the African representatives of Habenaria. A few species are also found in the Gold Coast and it is possible that H. longirostris may be one of these. — V. S. Summerhayes. Fiq. 1, flowering stem, lower leafless part and upper 2 inches of raoomo omitted, natural size ; 2, dorsal sepal and petals, x 3 ; 3, gynostegium, lateral view, x 6 ; 4, rostellum, spread out, x 6 ; 5, one pollinium, x 8 A, anther ; CV, caudicle and viscidium ; Rm, median lobe of rostellum ; Rl, lateral lobes of rostellum ; 5, staminode ; St, stigma tic processes. I 32/2 I Tabula 3212. HABENARIA PRIONOCRASPEDON Summerhayes. Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. H. prionocraspedon Summerhayes in Kow Bull. 1932, 342; H . Englerianae Kraenzl. affinis, a qua floribus minoribus, labelli lobis lateralibus semi-ovatis, calcari 5-6 cm. longo facile distinguitur. Hcrba terrestris, erecta, ultra 35 cm. alta, basi non visa. Caulis teres, fere usque inflorescentiam foliatus. Folia 5, elliptico- vel oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, apice ipso breviter setaceo-acuminata, basi vaginantia, 12-18 cm. longa, 3 -5-5 -5 cm. lata. Racemus 13 cm. longue, io cm. diametro, dense multiflorus ; bracteae inferiores foliosae, ceterae minores, lanceolatae, acuminatae, pedicello cum ovario saepius breviores. Flores subpatentes, ut videtur albi. Sepalmn intermedium late lanceolatum, acutum, concavum, erectum, 16-17 mm. longum, 6 mm. latum ; sepala lateralia deflexa, oblique semi-ovata, falcatim acuminata, 18 mm. longa, 7 mm. lata. Petala simplicia, lineari- lanceolata, leviter recurvata, acuta, 16 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata. Ijibcl- lum ex ungue angusto trilobatum, in toto 3 cm. longum, 2*5 cm. latum ; lobus intermedius ligulatus, acutus vel subacutus, 15 mm. longus, 3 mm. latus ; lobi laterales late semi-ovati ex intermedio leviter divergentes, basi integri, superne serrato-pectinati, 16 mm. longi, infra medium 11 mm. lati ; calcar inferne gracile, dimidio superiore sensim inflatum, clavatum, apice obtusum, satis incurvatum, 5-6 cm. longum. Anthem erecta, 5-6 mm. alta, canalibus crassiusculis leviter incurvatis 2-5 mm. longis ; staminodia parva, rotundata, 1 mm. longa et lata. Brachia stigmatifera clavata, obtusa, apice interdum connata, circiter 7 mm. longa ; rostelli lobus intermedius anguste triangularis, acutis- simus, leviter concavus, 2*5 mm. longus. Southern Nigeria. Ogoja District, Boshi, 1050 m., Rosevear 61/29. The section Plantagineae , to which this species belongs, contains a number of very striking and beautiful species of which H. mihtans Rchb. f. and //. carnea N. E. Br. are occasionally cultivated. The flowers are characterised by the usually pectinate or serrate but broad lateral lobes of the lip, while the leaves are generally radical and more or less rosulate and therefore somewhat resembling those of species of 2 Plantago. The section is distributed throughout the Indo-Malayan region and is represented in West Africa by a second species, namely, H. Engleriana Kraenzl., which possesses a spur about 15 cm. long. Up to the present, however, no Habenaria of this section has been re¬ corded from East Africa, and the two West African species are therefore isolated geographically. The Indian representatives of section Planta- gineae possess flowers of similar type, but much smaller, H. geniculata D. Don being a good example. The flowers of some of the Malayan and Indo-Chinese species, on the other hand, although as large as those of the African ones, tend to have a rather differently shaped lip with a bilobulate middle lobe. In both H. Engleriana and H. prionocraspedon the leaves, instead of being in a basal rosette or cluster, extend up the stem to immediately below the inflorescence, in which respect they approach H. geniculata , which has the leaves scattered along the lower part of the stem. — V. S. Summerhayes. Fig. 1, flowering plant, natural size; 2, dorsal sepal, x 1-5; 3, lateral sepal, x 1-5; 4, petal, x 1-5; 5, labellum, spur removed, x 1-5; 6, column, with perianth members removed, x 4 ; 7, rostellum, flattened out, x 4 : — A, anther ; S, staminodo ; St, stigmas ; V, viscidia. 32/3 Tabula 3213. VIGNA NUDA N. E. Br. Leguminosae. Tribus Phaseoleae. V nuda N E. Br. in Kcw Bull. 1901, 121 ; E. G. Baker, Leg. Trop. Afr’ 415 (1929) Liebrechtsia Ringoeti De Wild, in Fedde, Rep. xd ' 113 (1914) De Wild. Notes FI. Kat. iv. 27 (1914). Vigna MngoS (De Wild.) E. G. Baker, Leg. Trop Afr. 415 (1929).- Habitu et magnitude V. esculenlae (De Wild.) De Wild ex Th. et Hel. Durand similis, sod floribus asymmetncis carma et stylo per angulo 90° contorta facile distinguenda. Herba perennis, praecox, caudice subterraneo lignoso repente. C antes maturi foliosi usque 1 m. longi, glabn vel puberuli. Stipulae ovatae vel deltoideae, acutae, haud auriculatae, parvae, circiter 4 ram. longae et 3 mm. latae, striatae, parce pubescentes. Folia trifoliolata ; petrnli circiter 5 cm. longi, puberuli ; foliola oblongo-ovata vel subrhom- boidea, usque 8 cm. longa, 3 cm. lata, minute puberula, hispidula, breviter petiolulata ; rhachis circiter 1 *2 cm. longa, ut petiolus valde sulcata ; stipellae subulatae, 2 mm. longae. Caules floriferi e basi caulium maturorum (saepissime ustorum) orti, aphylli, erecti, basi ramosi, breviter pubescentes, usque 20 cm. longi sed saepe brevissimi. Pedunculi erecti, usque 20 cm. longi, minute et parce retrorsim pubes¬ centes, praecipue apicem versus, vel inferne subglabri. Flores in verti- cillo 2-5-floro, rarius in verticillis duobus internodio brevi dispositi ; pedicelli usque 3 mm. longi, pubescentes, apice bibracteolati. Bracteolae circiter 1 mm. longa, velutinae, caducae. Calyx late campanulatus, 8 mm. longus, parce pubescens, dentibus deltoideis subaequalibus acutis 2—3 mm. longis. Vexillum transverse ellipticum, breviter emarginatum, unguiculatum, usque 2 cm. altum, 3 cm. latum, dimidio altero majore. Aloe rotundato-triangulatae, basi anguste unguiculatae, ungue usque 4 mm. longo, et breviter calcaratae, in toto usque 2*4 cm. longae, 1*1 cm. latae, subaequales. Petala carinae lunata, valde incurva, basi in unguem attenuata, superne lateraliter contorta, inaequalia, altero versus medium pustula 3 mm. diametro instructo, altero piano, circiter 2 cm. longa, 1 cm. diametro. Stamina ^circi er 3 cm. longa, cum carina contorta, antheris vix 1 mm. longis. yianf*- lineare, minute velutinura, circiter 1*5 cm. longum ; stylus in , 2 cm. longus, fere glaber sed postice valde barbatus, laterali wco » stigma leviter obliquum, pilis valde annulatum. Lcgumen lineare, breviter velutinum. 2 Southern Rhodesia. Mashonaland, without locality, abundant in dry pastures, May 1896, Bryce s.n. (type of Vigna nuda) : — Flowers purplish-blue and whitish. Mazoe, on burnt veld, 1350 m., Aug. 1905, Eyles 179 : — Flower-stalks in erect clusters ; no leaves ; flowers red- purple with a patch of yellow in throat of standard ; keel strongly curved upwards and sideways (always to the left) ; roots long, woody. Salisbury, 1440 m., Sept. 1927, Eyles 5059 .-—Perennial with woody rootstock ; flowers red-purple ; keel twisted. Northern Rhodesia. Chilanga District : Chilanga, on clay soil 1200 m., Aug. 1909, Rogers 8490. Ndola District : R. Kashitu and elsewhere on sand, 1200 m., July 1909, Rogers 8303 Flowers only springing up after the grass is burnt. Mwinilunga District : about 22 miles east of Mwinilunga, on burnt ground in open Brachystegia woodland, 10 Sept. 1930, Milne-Redhead 1077 : — Perennial with thick rootstock, flowers in clumps, rosy-mauve ; no leaves at time of flower¬ ing ; keel and style twisted. About 40 miles south of Mwinilunga and 12 miles west of R. Lunga, on burnt ground in Brachystegia woodland, 15 Aug. 1930, Milne-Redhead 911 : — Old unburnt shoots up to 1 m. long with dead leaves attached ; perennial with running rootstock ; flowers from base of dead shoots, large, dull mauve ; keel and style twisted. Belgian Congo. Katanga. On sandy ground at Nieudorp, Aug. 1912, Ringoet 6 (typo of Vigna Ringoeti). Elisabethville, Aug. 1911, Rogers 10017, pro parte. Elisabethville, June 1920, Rogers 26006. This species is remarkable in the genus Vigna on account of its having the standard asymmetrical and the keel twisted through a right angle, characters which give the flower a most untidy and bizarre appearance. The style, however, is essentially that of Vigna, and not that of Phaseolus or Physostigma, genera to which this plant bears considerable super¬ ficial resemblance. The ripe fruits of Vigna nuda are unknown, but partly mature pods are similar to those of many species of Vigna. In consequence of V. nuda producing its flowers before the leaves prevalence of grass fires in the region where it grows, leaves of this species were unknown until the writer was fortunate enough to collect some dead ones still attached to the previous season’s shoots which by chance had escaped the fire. They are now described for the first time. The twisting of the keel is far from obvious in herbarium specimens, an as lerefore escaped the notice of previous authors. The flowers seem always to twist towards the left, and the left-hand petal of the keel as a j is er on its otherwise even surface, and is smaller than the right' hand one, which is outside it.— E. Milne-Redhead. ,2' leanf- from below; 3, flower, with petal* remoi of the alae ; 6, right-hand petal of Carina, from outaido ; 7, i, lrora outside ; 8, UDDer nart of wtvlo nmi afinma Pigs. 4, vexillum ; 5, one ui uie mac ; u i 1 I _ i 1 / . , K4- 1*“ ui uarum.irum out} ncUural^ze^ fig^xT* J 8’ Uppcr Part of 8tyle> stigma _ 3214 Tabula 3214. PHYSOSTIGMA MESOPONTICUM Taub. Leguminosae. Tribus Phaseoleae. P. mesoponticum Taub. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. xii. 81 (1894) ; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr. C. 222 (1895) ; 11. E. Fries in Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo Exped. 1911-1912, i. 105 (1914); E. G. Baker, Leg. Trop. Afr. 386 (1929).— -Ab affiui P. venenoso Balf. praecipue habitu erecto herbaceo, floribus ante folia evolutis, nodis i nflorescentiarum non conspicue incrassatis difTert. Herba erecta vel forsan subscandens, praecox, caudice subterraneo lignoso repente. Caules maturi foliosi non visi. Stipulae (ex descrip¬ tion Friesiorum) deltoideo-lanceolatae, circiter 1 cm. longae et 3 mm. latae, apice obtusae, valde striatae. Folia (ex descriptione Friesiorum) trifoliolata ; petioli usque 5 cm. longi, pilis brevibus patentibus fulvis dense induti ; foliola terminalia oblonga, circiter 5-5 cm. longa et 1 cm. lata, apice rotundata et valde emarginata, basi late cuneata vel rotun- data, lobis basalibus duobus oblongis 1-1*5 cm. longis apice rotundatis instructa ; foliola lateralia aliquanto similia sed minora et lobo unico 1 *5 cm. longa et 1 cm. lato extrinsecus retrorsum spectante instructa ; foliola breviter petiolulata, pilis brevibus albis induta; rhachis 1-1 • 5 cm. longa; stipellae ovatae, obtusae, 2-3 mm. longae, striatae. Caules floriferi e basi caulium maturorum (saepissime ustorum) et e caudice ipso orti, aphylli, erecti, ramosi, leviter compressi, obscure striati, pilis brevissimis patentibus vestiti, usque 45 cm. longi (racemo incluso). Racemi laxi, in paniculam amplam dispositi vel interdum simplices, usque 30-flori. Flores singuli vel bini ex axillis bractearum vix incras¬ satis orti ; pedicelli 2-10 mm. longi, densiuscule brevissime hirsuti. Bracteolae minutissimae, caducae. Calyx infundibuliformis, usque 8 mm. longus, dentibus triangularibus, acutiusculis, dense breviterque pubescens. Vexillum suborbiculatum, usque 2 • 5 cm. longum et 2 • 3 cm. latum, profunde emarginatum, basi cordatum, vix unguiculatum. Alae late falcatae, obovato-oblongae, usque 2*3 cm. longae, apice rotun¬ da tae, basi unguiculatae, ungue circiter 3 mm. longo, et inferne breviter calcaratae. Carina fere 90° curvata, 2*5 cm. longa (statu curvato), basin versus in calcar circiter 1 cm. longum et 3 mm. diametro producta, basi unguiculata ungue 3 mm. longo ; petala carinae inaequaha. Stamina circiter 4*5 cm. longa, tubo circiter 3 cm. longo, cum carina 2 contorta ; antherae 1 mm. longae. Ovarium sessile, lineare, 1 cm. longum, dense pubescens, circiter 9-ovulatum ; stylus 4 cm. longus, apicem versus in circulum contortus, fere glaber sed postice apicem versus valde barbatus ; stigma terminate appendice retrorsa lineari acuta, 4 mm. longa, carinata, carina membranacea undulata instructa. Legumen ignotum. Tanganyika Territory. Kigoma Province : in burnt grasslands near Itimbury in the Ugalla’s country, Boehm 27a (type in Herb. Berlin). Kigoma District : Tongwe, Sept. 1926, Grant s.n. (Herb. Brit. Mus.). Tabora District : near Tabor*, Stuhlmann 584a. Rungwe District : in stony bushland at Bulambya, 1200 m., Sept. 1912, Stolz 189. Lindi District : in wooded grassland fringing bush of Kindope stream, Tendaguru, 150 m., 16 Aug. 1930, Migeod 804 (Herb. Brit. Mus.) : — Leafless twiner in grass ; flowers brilliant pink. Nyasaland. Zomba, 1901, Sharp 22. Northern Rhodesia. Tanganyika Province : with no information, Cameron s.n. Mumbwa District : near Mumbwa, 1911, Mrs. Macaulay 1119 : — A tall herb ; flowers 25-35 in compound spikes ; calyx dark red ; standard and wings dark pink ; keel white or pink ; leaf tri- foliolate, with rough hairs on the upper surface and prominent veins. Ndola District: Bwana Mkubwa, 1911, Fries 494; Ndola, 1911, Fries 494a ; Ndola, common all over the country, Oct. 1906, Allen 386. Solwezi District : on burnt ground in dambo and on termite hills at Solw'ezi, 20 Sept. 1930, Milne- Redhead 1159 : — Perennial with running rootstock forming clumps 60 cm. in diameter ; flowers light crimson, very conspicuous. Mw’inilunga District : in degenerating Cryptosepalum woodland on burnt ground at Matonchi Farm, 31 Aug. 1930, Milne-Redhead 995 : — Perennial with running rootstock, flowering before its leaves ; flowers very conspicuous, deep pink. Belgian Congo. Katanga: Kangenge, 12 Aug. 1931, de Witte 542 (Herb. Brit. Mus.) ; Elisabethville, Aug. 1911, Royers 10017, pro parte ; Mushoshi, 1350 m., Oct. 1912, Rogers 10379. Angola. On the left bank of R. Chitanda, 1108 m., in sandy places among quartz, flowrering without leaves, Sept. 1899, Baum 133 (type of var. Baumii Harms). Abundant in open grassy woods of Combretum and Caesalpineae near the rivulet Songque at Soba Gumbe, Anha, 12 July 1905, Gosswciler 1745 : — A perennial with subterranean w’oody rootstock from which arise one or more 1-2 ft. high deciduous flowering stems, but without leaves ; flowers a brilliant reddish-purple colour. Physostigma mesopo)Uicum Taub. is a plant of very great morpho¬ logical interest. The development of the peculiar spur along the fused part of the upper edge of the two keel petals at a point not far from the basal claw is dealt with by Taubert (l.c. 83). It is, however, of interest to drawr a comparison between this plant aud Vigna nuda N. E. Br., a species which, like Physostigma mesoponticumt possesses a twisted keel, and accordingly has the keel petals unequal. But V . nuda has, 3 in place of the long spur of P. mesoponticum , a much shorter outgrowth resembling a blister, situated on the surface of the inner keel petal, and not at the point of fusion of the two petals as in this species. The ovary of P. mesoponticum with the staminal tube wrapped round it frequently protrudes through the lower unfused portion of the keel. The shape and texture of the stigmatic appendage are somewhat variable as is also the size of the flowers. The variety Baumii of Harms differs from the typo only in possessing rather larger flowers. The leaves of Physostigrna mesoponticum were first described, as lobed by R. E. Fries (l.c.), but apparently, as in many species of’ the tribe Phaseoleae , the degree of lobing of the leaflets is very variable. Leaves are not represented in the Kew Herbarium. Physostigrna mesoponticum has a more northerly distribution than Vigna nuda , being found as far north as Tabora in Tanganyika Terri¬ tory, whilst it is not known to extend to Southern Rhodesia in the South. The two species have a similar life form, and are frequent on dry burnt ground at the end of the winter season. It is probable that Physostigrna mesoponticum during the wet summer season develops twining leafy shoots which scramble about among the grass with which it grows, but it is not a subshrub, as was suggested by Taubert. E. Milne-Rediiead. Fig. 1, plant in flowering stage ; 2, vexillum ; 3, ala, from within ; 4, carina lateral view ; 5, 6, the two carina petals separated, from within ; 7, androecium* enclosing gynoecium ; 8, style and stigma. Figs. 1-7, natural size ; fig. 8, x 2. ’ 32 is Tabula 3215. OXYGONUM PACHYBASIS Milne- Redhead. POLYGONACEAE. Tribus POLYGONEAE. 0. pachybasis Milne-Redhead ; species nova, ab affinibus 0. pubescente C. H. Wright et 0. Dregeano Meissn. ocreis majoribus longius setosis, pedicellis sub fructu longioribus distinguendum ; ab ilia etiam omnibus partibus pubescentibus differt. Ilerba perennis, pubescens, caudice crasso lignoso brunneo plus minusve repente. Caules annul plures ; caules primarii usque ad inflorescentiam redacti, efoliati, basin versus cataphyllis ocreiformibus circumdati, in toto 8-20 cm. longi, leviter curvati ; caules secundarii ex axillis cataphyllorum superiorum caulium primariorum exorti foliiferi, erecti, sub anthesin immaturi, circiter 15 cm. longi, breviter et parce pubescentes; cataphylla obconico-cylindrica, truncata b-8 mm longa, leviter inflata, firme chartacea, apice breviter setoso- ciliata, brunnea, extra breviter et parce pubescentia. Ocreae foliorum herbaceae cylindncae, truncatae, in toto 1-1*3 cm. longae, apice setoso-ciliatae wins brunneis usque 7 mm. longis, breviter pubescentes. tolia sessilia lanceolata, apice valdo acuta vel apiculata, in basin valde attenuata, usque 6 cm. longa et 9 mm. lata, utraque pagina breviter et parce pubescentia. Spicae fasciculorum terminates, usque 17 cm longi ; fasciculi cymosi, 10-14, usque 4-flori. Bratteae generates ocreis foliorum similes sed minores et plerumque haud setoso-ciliatae, et apice oblique truncatae, saepe apiculo terminatae, 5-8 mm. longae * oracteae propriae floruin hyalinae, setis brevibus 1-2 instructae ; p( i lceili maturi circiter 4 mm. longi. Flores longistyli (<£) : — Peri - tubus circiter 2 mm. longus ; lobi ovato-elliptici, circiter 4 mm. 3 int ^1Ce P^us m^nusve acuti. Stamina 8, quorum 5 exteriora versusri°ra ’ ^amen^a filiformia, omnia, praesertim interiora, basin ^vGnumX^ail-8a 9 ^ ~ ^ 5 mm* l°nga I antherae circiter 1 mm. longae. longa r C1^Clter \ n*m- l°nKunb glabrum ; styli pars inferior 2 mm. Flores br ^ circiter 4 mm. longis ; stigmata minuta, capitata. antliiig n€Vt8ty^ (verosimiliter <$) : — Perianthia plus minusve peri- longa swUm kcrmaphroditorum similia. Stamina circiter 5 mm. formis r^mi exciter 2 mm. longi. Fructus iramaturus ampulli- recurv* t' ^ri80nus nec spinosus, breviter pubescens, pedicellis 2 Northern Rhodesia. Solwezi District : in dambo, after burning, at Solwezi, 20 Sept. 1930, Milne-Redhead 1162 : — Perennial herb with thick woody rootstock ; flowers white, opening in sunshine. Whilst most of the known species belonging to this genus are annuals, this plant, together with 0. tenerum Milne-Redhead, is a perennial with a woody underground rootstock well suited to thrive in the con¬ ditions offered by the open grasslands, known as dambos, which occur throughout the savannah woodland areas of Northern Rhodesia. Were it not for the annual grass fires it is possible that both these species might develop into shrubs of similar habit to 0. frutxcosum Dammer ex Milne-Redhead, which grows in the evergreen Crypto - sepalum woodlands of Angola and Northern Rhodesia, into which the grass fires never penetrate on account of the lack of a continuous ground vegetation on the loose sandy surface. On examination of a number of flowers of 0. pachybasis it was found that they were heterostylous, but inspection of the developing fruits showed that these had all come from flowers with long styles, the ovary of the short-styled flowers apparently being abortive. The species is therefore polygamous, although at first sight it does not appear so. E. Milne-Redhead. Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, flower, x 3 ; 3, long-styled flower, laid open, with gynoecium removed, x 3 ; 4, gynoecium of long-styled flower, x 3 ; 5, short- styled flower, laid open, with gynoecium removed, x 3; 6, gynoecium of short- styled flower, x 3 ; 7, unripe fruit, x 2. 32 It! Tabula 3216. OXYGONUM TENERUM Milne- Redhead. POLYGONACEAE. Tril>US POLYGONEAE. 0. tenerum Milne- Redhead ; species nova, 0. pachybasi Milne- Redhead babitu similis, sed foliis linearibus glabris, fructibus trigonis distinguenda ; ab 0. delagoensi 0. Kuntze, quod fructus trigonos similes profert, habitu pumilo, foliis linearibus integris recedit. Herba perennis, glabra, caudice crasso lignoso brunneo plus minusve repente. Caides annui plures ; caules primarii inflorescentia terminati paucifoliati, basin versus cataphyllis ocreiformibus circumdati in toto circiter 6 cm. longi, plus minusve erecti ; caules secundari’i ex axdlis cataphyllorum supenorum et folium caulium primariorum exorti, folnferi, erecti, sub anthesin immaturi, circiter 4 cm lonei • cataphylla late obcomca vel subcylindrica, aliquantum inflata, firme chartacea, apice truncata, breviter setoso-ciliata, brunnea Ocreae ohorum subherbaceae, cylindricae, truncatae, in toto usque 1-2 cm ngae, apice longe setoso-ciliatae cilns brunneis usque 9 mm longis Folia sessilia, lineana, apice valde acuta vel apiculata basi vix angustata, usque 4-5 cm. longa et 1 mm. lata. Spicae fasciculorum terminales, circiter 3 cm. longi ; fasciculi ^orlZciZZneX setos8 f° Tm 8imi 68 -8ed apiCe obliclue truncatae, plerumque hnud setoso-ciliatae, saepe apiculo terminatae, usque 6 mm. longae ■ bracteae propnae florum hyalinae, setis brevibus 1-2 instructae pedicelli nm\oMu?-ribIT-'i1°nglm ^ $ ; Ferianthii tubus circiter filamentTfilif’ ^ elbPtico-oblongi, circiter 6 mm. longi. Stamina 8 ; 2-5 mm f formia’ basin ver8US aliquantum expansa, hirsuta, 1-5- OuJZ-ZT \ ant leyae brunneo-roseae, circiter 1 mm. longae. longa r.im 'T -1 n'IU' ongum’ glabrum; styli pars inferior 3 mm. Flores t n8 ^ C-lT.Clte* mm* ^ongis ; stigmata minuta, capitata. circitor 7 v 0n V,1S1* Fructus ovoideus, conspicue trigonus, espinosus, altus, 4 mm. diametro, pedicellis erectis. early bur ,N ^H0DESIA- Mwinilunga District : in sandy plain, after Kabnmr ni??,r(ea8^ Mwinilunga and about 16 miles west of R. woodv ^eP^- 1930, Milne- Redhead 1115: — Perennial herb with flowers r°j°. ock croeping underground ; shoots up to 8 cm. high ; 2 Although of exactly similar habit, this species is strikingly different from 0. pachybasis. It was found growing on burnt ground on sandy soil in an open situation along with Sapium Acetosella Milne-Redhead, Ochna angustifolia Engl, et Gilg, and Ochna Hockii De Wild., all plants of the same life form ; but whereas the genera Sapium and Ochna are most commonly trees or large shrubs, the genus Oxygonum is largely composed of species which are annual herbs. Only hermaphrodite flowers were discovered on the material col¬ lected, so the functionally male flowers have to remain undescribed until further material is available. — E. Milne-Redhead. Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, § flower, x 3 ; 3, § flower laid open, with gynoecium removed, x 3 ; 4, gynoecium, x 3 ; 5, fruit, x 2. 3217 Tabula 3217. ERLANGEA QUARREI Hutch . et B. L. Burtt Compositae. Tribus Vernonieae. E. Quarrei Hutch. et B. L. Burtt-, species nova, affinis E. sengensi S. Moore, sed foliis ovatis basi late rotundato-cordatis, involucri bracteis exterioribus latioribus ovatis distinguenda. Caules e rbizomate duro lignosi, stricti, usque ad 7 dm. alti, obtuse costati, inferne laxe superne dense crispato-pubescentes, internodiis plerumque circiter 5 cm. longis. Folia opposita, sessilia, discoloria ovata, basi late rotundato-cordata, apice obtusa supremis late lanceo’ latis exceptis, 6-10 cm. longa, 3-6 cm. lata, marginibus obscure crenatis leviter recurvis plus minusve bullata, supra scabrida et tenuiter pubescent, a, infra cinereo-tomentosa ; nervi laterales patub supra obscuri, infra prominentes, utrinsecus circiter 12, flexuosi CaS brevissimo .etaceo moS“ duco 8 ' aP‘“ CUpul“t*' PaH>° Belgian Congo. Katanga 1932, P. Quarre 2998. Kainina, on the Lovoi River, April uT168 T rCCeived in a Seneral collection of of the Comm M th ^lglan Congo communicated by the Director ne Lon go Museum, Tervueren, Belgium. and IJ\'T .I"1*'19™ is dlstinKnished from Vernonia by the scanty somewhat la:Jf°U;S PaPP,U8' . The use this character results in a °f species r lbCla, classification, as it brings together an assemblage the class, fi!°!ne of P'luch show very slight relationship. Following ssification adopted by Muschler,* E. Quarrei falls into the * Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xlvi. 58 (1911). 2 section Bothriocline on account of its opposite leaves. It is, however, but distantly related to the typical members of this section, since it has large solitary or subsolitary capitula, whereas they have much smaller capitula arranged in corymbs. J. Hutchinson and B. L. Burtt. Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, a pair of Jower leaves, natural size ; 3, portion of upper surface of leaf, x 20 ; 4, portion of lower surface of leaf, showing recurved margin, x 4 ; 5, flower, with ovary detached, x 4 ; 6, part of androecium, x 6 ; 7, achene, with two pappus bristles still persisting, x 6 ; 8, one of the pappus bristles, x 40. e. Tabula 3218. CRASSULA WRIGHTIANA Bullock. Crassulaceae. Subfamilia Crassuloideae. C Wrightiana Bullock in Kew Bull. 1932, 487 ; affinis C. natanti Thunb sed habitu robustiore, caulibus foliisque camosioribus, sepalis longioribus pro rata angustioribus, petalis angustioribus oblongis vel oblongo-ellipticis, carpellis leviter bialatis majonbus distincta. Herba erecta vel procumbens, omnino glabra, 6-30 cm. vel ultra alta, caulibus simplicibus vel parce ramosis, internodiis 1-5 mm. — 3. 5’ cm. longis, radicibus adventitiis e nodis praecipue inferioribus ortis. Folia opposita, decussata, basi in vaginam usque 2 mm. longam connata, oblonga vel oblongo-spathulata, apice acuta usque rotundata, 5*5-18 mm. longa, 1*5-5 mm. lata. Flores axillares, solitarii vel in fasciculis paucifloris dispositi, minuti, tetrameri, pedicellis 5-10 mm. longis. Sepala basi connata, oblonga vel sursum leviter angustata, obtusa vel subacuta, usque 1 mm. longa. Petala oblongo-elliptica vel oblonga, apice obtusa vel rotundata, sepalis duplo longiora. Fila- menta applanata, sursum angustata j antherae parvae, subglobosae. Squamulac nectariferae spathulatae, 0*5-0 *6 mm. longae, ovariis singulis adpressae. Carpella ovoidea, leviter bialata, 1-1 • 2 mm. longa, stylo brevi leviter uncinato coronata, uniovulata. Semina oblonga, utrinque rotundata, dense minutissime tuberculata. Kenya Colony. Nairobi, 1800 m., Dowson 476 (type). Aberdare Mts. and the base of Mt. Kenya, Dowson 73. Eldama Ravine, 2100— 2250 m., Oct. 1898, Whyte s.n. Third day’s march from Eldama Ravine, Whyte s.n. Between Nandi and Mumias, Whyte s.n. Limuru, 10 June 1918, Snowden 582. Mau, Nov. 1905, Baker 339. Mau forest, Mettam 236. Mt. Elgon : 1950-2250 m., Oct. 1930, Lugard 5 ; 1920 m., 28 Feb. 1931, Lugard 538. ltumuruli District, 1800 m., July 1931, Napier 1229. Uganda Protectorate. Behungi Swamp, 2400 m., and common ft altitude throughout the Virunga Mts. area, 1 Dec. 1930, B. D. 1288^ Kitakata, Shema County, Ankole, 24 Jan. 1929, Snowden qiJANGANYIKA Territory. Arusha, 1500 m. : Dec. 1927, Roarer 19 ’ ®c^* 1925, Roarer 79b. Kamachuma Road, Bukoba District, AAK) m*» Sept. 1931, Roarer 2296. 9 In the original publication of this species, Crassula Wrightiana was placed provisionally in the BuUiarda group of the section Tillaea (Linn.) Schonl. beside C. aquatica (Linn.) Schdnl., which it closely resembles in habit. Further investigation shows, however, that, on account of its uniovulate carpels, it must be assigned to the Helophytum group of the same section, and is nearly related to C. natans Thunb., from which it differs as indicated in the diagnosis. Some specimens of C. Wrightiana and some of C. natans are strikingly similar in general appearance, but the differential characters appear to be con¬ stant. It seems not unlikely that Schonland’s conception of C. natans included the plant figured here. There are no specimens of C. natans Thunb. from East Africa in the Kew Herbarium, and the “ distinct robust variety which Engler mistook for a variety of C. Vaillantii (Willd.) Roth ” * may have been C. Wrightiana. C. Wrightiana is a more or less amphibious plant of the high swamps and watercourses of East Africa, and the great range of variation in habit corresponds with varying amounts of water in the habitat. When growing in comparatively deep water, the internodes elongate to bring the upper portions above the surface, whilst in drier situations the internodes remain very short. The plant evidently grows in dense masses, the individual stems providing mutual support, in addition to that given by the water to the aquatic form. It is assumed that the erect, unbranched habit is normal for the plant ; the procumbent, slightly branched habit is apparently produced by the lowering of the water-level in seasonal ponds and streams, thus removing the support necessary for the weak, succulent stems. The plant is named in honour of Mr. C. H. Wright, late of the Herbarium, Kew, whose notes on his dissection of Mr. Dowson’s specimens are attached to the type sheet. — A. A. Bullock. Tig. 1, a long unbranched stem (Lugnrd 215), natural size ; 2, a stouter branched form (Burtt 2924), natural size ; 3, a dwarf form (Lugard 538), natural size ; 4, partially expanded flower, x 8 ; 5, expanded flower, with one petal bent back to snow the androecium and gynoecium, x 8; 6, stamens, x 12; 7, gynoecium ami squamae, x 12 ; 8, longitudinal section of a carpel, showing ovule, x 12 ; 9, seed, x 20. * Schonland in Ann. Bolus Herb. ii. 49 (1916). 'I 32/9 4 Tabula 3219. CEROPEGIA FILICALYX Bullock. Asclepiadaceae. Tribus Ceropegieae. C. fllicalyx Bullock in Kew Bull. 1933, 145 ; C. abyssinicae Decne. affinis, sed calyce duplo longiore, corollae lobis minoribus, indumento densiore, habitu majore differt. Herba erccta, usque 1 m. alts , caulibus simplicibus satis dense paten- terque hirsutis. Folia, angustissime oblonga vel anguste oblongo- oblanceolata, apice satis acuta, basin versus angustata, 6-12 cm. longa, circiter 1-1 -5 (raro 2) cm. lata, supra subappresse pilosa, infra patenter pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinsccus circiter 7, petiolis hirsutis 1 cm. longis. Flores 3-5 ex axillis foliorum fasciculati, pedicellis gracilibus usque 2 cm. longis patenter albido-villosis. Calyx fere ad basin divisus, segmentis 5 filiformibus circiter 1 cm. longis, cum glandulis triangulari- lanceolatis satis carnosis circiter 0-6-0-7 mm. longis altemantibus. Corollae lobi 5, oblongi, inflexo-apiculati, apiculis inter se cohaerentibus 7-5-8 mm, longi, apicem versus extra leviter pubescentes, marginibus undulatis, extra ochroleuci, intus carinati, brunneo-purpurei ; tubus oblongo-ovoideus, 1 cm. longus, medio 4 mm. diametro, glaber, brunneo- purpureus sed annulo ochroleuco notatus. Corona duplex, tubo stamineo a ffixa ; exterior ex saccis 5 minutis, antheris altemantibus ; interior in lobos 5 caudiformes 1 • 1-1 -2 mm. longos antheris oppositos supra gynostegium products, apice inter se conniventes. Anlherae supra gynostegium incurvae ; pollinia minuta, e glandula valde ad- scendentes. Fructus ignotus. 7<TtNoG,ANYIKA Territory- Kikori, 1260 m., 14 May 1930, B. D. UrU 2755 (type). Moshi, 900 m., June 1928, A. E. Haarer 1493. Ceror the fihealyx is one of the comparatively few erect species of obvious U8*l *8 interesting phytogeographically on account of its known8 | a^10n8hip with C. abyssinica Decne., a native of Abyssinia, stock 0f°5 i rom Schimper’s collections in 1843 and 1853. The root- as8Um , i jc ^atter species is a fleshy or half woody tuber, and it may be the 1- ° r > • is a similar structure. AMorphologically, ar£e intersepaline glands (figures 2 and 6) form an interesting 2 feature : their function, if any, is unknown . The position of the glandu¬ lar pollen-carriers on the rim of the peltate top of the gynostegium is well indicated in figure 3, showing that each bears a pollinium from adjacent pollen-sacs of different anthers, a fact which is not made clear in some of the published figures of plants in this family. Mr. B. D. Burtt, who has collected so many undescribed species in Tanganyika Territory, describes this plant as a very local erect herb 2£ ft. high, growing in woods of Acacia usambarensis Taub. A. A. Bullock. Fig. 1, upper part of flowering stem, natural size ; 2, flower, x 3 ; 3, flower with perianth removed, showing outer and inner corona, anthers and pollinia, x 16 ; 4, the same, with an inner corona lobe and a stamen removed, showing the peltate stigmatic disk, x 16 ; 5, pair of poilinia, x 45 ; 6, gynoecium sur¬ rounded by intersepaline glands, x 16. 32 2 0 Tabula 3220. ENCEPHALARTOS KOSIENSIS Hutch. Cycadaceae. Tribus Encephalarteae. E. kosiensis Hutch, in Kew Bull. 1932, 512, et in Hill FI. Cap. v. sect*. 2, Suppl. 34, fig- 5 (1933) ; species foliolis supeme subaequaliter 3-5-lobatis, inferioribus ad aculeos sensim redactis, strobilis pro genere parvis $ ovoideis distinctissima. Truncus usque ad 3*5 m. altus, ultra 30 cm. diametro. Folia apice caulis dense aggregata, 0*8-1 m. longa, petiolo 5-8 cm. longo ; rhachis recta vel leviter recurva, apice leviter producta ; foliola circiter 30-juga, erecto-patentia et leviter imbricata, superiora minora et sub- falcata, inferiora ad aculeos sensim redacta, majora late oblonga, circiter 8 cm. longa et 2*5 cm. lata, basi circiter 8 mm. longa et supra rhachin longitudinaliter inserta, rigide coriacea, margine inferiore lobis spinosis rigidis breviter triangularibus 5-7, margine superiore lobis similibus minoribus 1-3 armata, nervatione parallela. Strobilus breviter pedunculatus, ellipsoideus, 10-13 cm. longus, 2 *5-3 cm. diametro, rubro- salmoneus ; axis circiter 6 mm. diametro ; squamae paucis basalibus exceptis fertiles, cuneatae, supeme rhomboideae, planae, inferne ubiquo microsporangiis (usque ad 200) 2-3-4-natis indutae, majores circiter 1*3 cm. longae et latae. Strobilus $ breviter pedunculatus, late ovoideus, maturus circiter 20 cm. longus et 15 cm. diametro, rubro- salmoneus ; axis circiter 2 • 5 cm . diametro ; squamae fertiles circiter 70, reliquis numerosis ad basin et apicem infertilibus, circiter 5 • 5 cm. longae et 4*5 cm. latae, stipite gracili usque ad 3 cm. longo, parte exteriore rhomboidea areola media depressa laevi exeepta rugosa, firme carnosae. Semina oblonga, e basi ad apicem sensim angustata, leviter angulata, truncata, circiter 4 cm. longa et 2 cm. diametro, tegumenti parte exteriore carnosa et aurantiaco-rubra, intermedia oblonga utrinque rotundata circiter 2*5 cm. longa et 1*2 cm. diametro ossea venis superficialibus longitudinalibus notata, interiore membranacea. South Africa. Northern Zululand, near Kosi Bay, in coastal sand- dunes and bush, Aitken and Gale 63 (type) ; Col. Lugge in Natal Herb. 2 16507. Cultivated by Col. G. Molyneux at the “ Old Fort,” Durban, and in the Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden, Newlands, Cape Province. This remarkable Cycad was first recorded by Colonel Lugge at Kosi Bay, and a leaf specimen collected by him is preserved in the Natal Herbarium (16507). In 1920 R. D. Aitken and G. W. Gale made a journey to the Ingwavuma District of Zululand and collected further material, the record in their report (Bot. Survey S. Afr., Mem. 2, 18 : 1921) being “ (63) Encephalartos sp. Right on coast and in sand-dune bush, E. Ingwavuma.” In FI. Cap. v. sect. 2, Suppl. 34 (1933), the locality is recorded as “ behind sand-dune bush near Kosi Lake,” and the collectors are quoted for the statement “ stems at most a few inches high.” The description of the species given by Hutchinson is founded on the leaf specimen mentioned above and on this statement by Aitken and Gale. The existence of this species was brought to my notice by Brig.- General J. Wylie, and in 1932 Colonel G. Molyneux of Durban con¬ tributed five living specimens to the National Botanic Garden, Kirsten¬ bosch, where they have established themselves satisfactorily and pro¬ duced new leaves. One of these, with a trunk 16 inches high and a crown of 21 leaves, is figured in the accompanying plate. Two more large plants and several seedlings were received at Kirstenbosch during 1933 from General Wylie. Colonel Molyneux also gave me magnificent specimens of the male and female cones in July 1932, from which coloured drawings were made by Miss F. M. Leighton at the Bolus Herbarium. These form the basis of the present plate. Prior to the receipt of the plants now at Kirstenbosch, Colonel Molyneux had succeeded in establishing this species in cultivation in the garden of the Old Fort at Durban. The material and information received from Colonel Molyneux enable the original description to be considerably amplified. The following statements are quoted from Colonel Molyneux’ letters : — “ Encephalartos kosicnsis grows on the sea-shore on the sand-dunes and in the coastal bush within 250 yards of the sea. ... It is common in the coast sand-dunes in scattered groups for a matter of 15 miles, and a few specimens have been observed up to 10 miles inland within a few milos of the Portuguese border. . . . The coast belt of northern Zululand is unhealthy in the wet summer, and in the dry winter, prior to the introduction of motor-cars, was rather inaccessible, for there is 80 miles of sand to be got over which is soft when dry. These facts are sufficient to explain why this Cycad should have remained unknown for so long.” Aitken and Gale (l.c.) also refer to the difficulties of transport through this region, so that “ a day's journey rarely exceeds twelve miles.” “ . . . The tallest plant seen was 11 feet in height and about 3 feet 6 inches in girth. Plants from 6 to 9 feet are common. Seed brought to Durban has germinated freely. ... Its foliage is distinctive enough, something like that of E. latifrons , but the leaves are longer and do not curve : but the really interesting point is that the 3 cones are a flaming scarlet, male and female. The nearest I know to this is E. grains from British Central Africa of which the cones (in the Durban Botanic Garden) are a pale pink. . . . Apart from the red colour of its cones and its distinctly shaped pinnae, the very numerous leaves in its crown, which may even be described as crowded, and a more circinate arrangement of the young pinnae than is usual in the Cycads I know, may be worthy of remark.” The genus Encephalartos has been divided by Pilger (in Engler u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, xiii. 80 : 1926) into three sections on the basis of the form of the exposed end of the female cone-scales. E. kosiensis would fall into Section B, along with the Central African species E. grains Prain, E. Hildebrand tii A. Braun et Bouche, and E. Barteri Carruthers. The information here given with regard to the stature of E. kosiensis necessitates the revision of the clavis in FI. Cap. v. sect. 2, Suppl. 28, and also modifies the conjecture made in the addendum-slip inserted therein.— R. H. Compton (Kirstenbosch). Since the receipt of Professor Compton’s description and notes Mr. Cyrus R. Barrett, of Durban, has written to the Editor as follows : “ I collected a dozen or so specimens [of E. kosiensis ] at Kosi Bay last year. I also got three seed-cones from which I obtained 250 seeds ; these I planted last November [1932] and now have just over 200 seed¬ lings, which are doing well. 1 visited the area again early this month [July 1933], and examined the plants there. It appears to me that those plants growing within three miles of the Bay and five from the sea-shore are different from those growing twenty-two miles from the shore. Those found near the Bay were growing in the open on sandy grass-veld ; the stems ranged from 12 inches to 50 inches high ; leaves up to 3 ft. long. Those grow¬ ing in bush about twenty-two miles inland have practically no stem showing above ground, the leaves are longer, running up to 5 ft., and the leaflets longer and narrower. The line of bush in which these were found runs parallel with the sea-shore, and no plants were seen farther than this from the coast, and no seed-cones were seen although a thorough search was made. In the space of a mile I counted roughly 250 plants, in some parts so close together that it was impossible to walk through the bush.” This information is particularly valuable because it confirms the sta^6men^ °f Aitken and Gale, published in the Supplement to u e *h>ra Capensis, that plants of this species have in some localities Wk** at m°8t a *eW “lc^es high.” 'V hen this species was described for the Flora Capensis I had seen only the upper half of a leaf in the Natal Herbarium, and was unfortunately not aware that living specimens had been sent to the Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden. But the leaf material was sufficient to show that the species was distinct, and the bright red cones amply confirm this view. 4 E% kosiensis differs from all others in that the middle leaflets show no definite terminal lobe, but are equally lobed all round the top. The gradual reduction of the lower leaflets to prickles is a good diagnostic feature, other South African species showing the same character being E. villosns Lem., E. Woodii Sander, and E. paucidentatus Stapf et Burtt Davy. — J. Hutchinson. Fig. 1, whole plant, showing habit, much reduced ; 2, basal part of leaf, showing reduction of lower leaflets to prickles, x } ; 3, upper leaflets, x §; 4, one leaflet from near the middle of the ieaf, x J ; 5, male cone, x J; 6, scale from male cone, natural size ; 7, female cone, x | ; 8, scale and seeds, x f . Tabula 3221. FOCKEA CYLINDRICA R. A. Dyer. Asclepiadaceae. Tribus Marsdenieae. F. cylindrica R . A. Dyer in Kew Bull. 1933, 459 ; affinis F. eduli (Thunb.) K. Schum. et F. crispae (Jacq.) K. Schum., ab ilia foliis supra paullum glaucis, corollae segmentis linearibus 7-8 mm. longis, coronae tubo quam corollae tubo breviore, ab hac foliis glabris et paullum glaucis, ab ambabus corollae tubo cylindrico 4 mm. longo differt. Herba perennis, radice tuberosa magna. Caules perennes, sublig- nosi, sparse ramosi ; rami annui, graciles, herbacei, minutissime puberuli, usque ad 25 cm. longi vel verisimiliter longiores. Folia opposita, brevissime petiolata, ovata vel oblongo- vel elliptico-ovata, acuta vel acute apiculata, 1*6-2 cm. longa, 0*8-1 cm. lata, glabra, supra paullum glauca, marginibus plus minusve undulatis. Flores 2-4-ni, in fasciculis axillaribus dispositi ; pedicelli 2 mm. longi, puberuli. Calycis segmenta lanceolata, 2-2*5 mm. longa. Corolla extra dense puberula, lobis intus glabris vel faucem versus puberulis ; tubus cylin- dricus, 4 mm. longus ; lobi lineares, 7-8 mm. longi, in alabastro valde, flore aperto minus tortis, marginibus revoluto-plicatis. Corona tubu- losa, tubo ejus quam corollae tubo breviore, basi circiter 1 mm. cum hoc conjuncta, intra appendicibus 5 filiformibus instructo ; lobi 5, triden- tati, 3 mm. longi, dentibus 5 parvis alternis. Antherae breves, erectae, membrana maxima elliptica hyalina terminatae. South Africa. Albany Division : amongst karroid scrub on dry flats, near Committees in the Fish River Valley, 20 miles from Grahamstown, rare, Aug., Dyer 1635 (type). The two species, Fockea edulis (Thunb.) K. Schum. and F. crispa (Jacq.) K. Schum., to which F. cylindrica is most nearly allied, are recorded under the names F. glabra Decne. and F. capensis Endl. respectively in Dyer, FI. Cap. iv. sect. i. 779-780. The former specific epithets have priority under the International Rules. Although F . crispa has been in cultivation in the Imperial Garden at Schonbrunn near Vienna for about 150 years, the native habitat was unknown until 1906, when the late Dr. R. Marloth rediscovered it in the Prince 2 Albert Division (Kew Bull. 1909, 349). Since then it has been collected in the same area by Miss Oosthuizen, who sent a large tuber to the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, where it is now growing in the Experimental Garden. A young plant presented to Kew by the Hon. Mrs. A. D. Ryder during 1932 will probably prove to be this species. F. cylindrica is known only from the single collection recorded above. Duplicate material of the type is in the Albany Museum, Grahamstown. R. A. Dyer. Fig. 1, stem with leafy shoots, natural size ; 2, flowering branch, natural size ; 3, calyx, x 6 ; 4, corolla, x 4 ; 5, part of corona from within, x 6 ; 6, androecium, x 8 ; 7, stamen from within, with pollinia removed, x 8 ; 8, caudicle and pollinia, x 40 ; 9, gynoecium, x 8. 3222 Tabula 3222. FOCKEA GRACILIS R. A. Dyer. Asclepiadaceae. Tribus Marsdenieae. F. gracilis R. A. Dyer in Kew Bull. 1933, 459; affinis F. sinuatae (E. Mey.) Druce, a qua caulibus superne tortuosis, marginibus foliorum minus undulato-sinuatis, coronae tubo lobis longiore differt. Herba perennis, radice tuberosa. . Tuber plus minusve oblongum, 15-20 cm. crassum, radicibus paucis tenuibus instructum ; caudex perennis, subterraneus, sparse ramosus, usque ad 20 cm. longus, circiter 1 cm. crassus, succulentus vel sublignosus. Caules annui, graciles, superne tortuosi, 15-30 cm. longi, leviter carnosi, minute puberuli. Folia sessilia, linearia, 2-3 cm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata, supra minute puberula, infra glabra, apice incurvata, acuta, marginibus undulato- sinuatis reflexis vel revolutis. Flores axillares, 2-6-ni, in racemis brevissimis dispositi vel fasciculati ; pedicelli 1-2 • 5 mm. longi, puberuli Calycis segmenta anguste oblongo-lanceolata vel lineari-oblonga, 2 mm. longa, sinubus glandulis singulis minutissimis ima basi instructis Corolla campanulata extra puberula ; tubus 3-3*5 mm. longus ; lobi lineares, 6-7 mm. longi, 1 mm. lati, obtusi, intus glabri vel sparse et mmutissime puberuli, viridi-fusci. Corona tubulosa, 5 mm. longa basi cum tubo corollae 1 mm. conjuncta ; tubus 3*5 mm. longus, ex corollae tubo paullum exsertus, intra appendicibus 5 subulatis in¬ structs ; lobi 5, 1 *5 mm. longi, tridentati, dente medio quam laterali- bus multo longiore. Antherae breves, erectae, membrana maxima elliptica hyalina terminatae. Sou™ Africa. Albany Division : amongst short Karroo bushes on Dikkop Flats, 22 miles from Grahamstown, rare, March, R. A. Dyer 1251 (type). Up to the present time Fockea gracilis has been recorded only from ie sing e locality cited above, an arid sandy plain in the Great Fish er. Valjey, where the rainfall seldom exceeds 12 in. per annum and occasionally is as low as 5 in. As would be expected, the vegetation is decidedly karroid in habit, in fact the locality is at the south-eastern unit of typical Karroo vegetation. The flowering stems of F. gracilis , which twine on the small bushes 6-12 in. high, are produced annually from the underground perennial stock. 2 The species most closely allied to F. gracilis is F. sinuata (E. Mey.) Druce (= F. undulala N. E. Br.). As far as records go, the latter is known only from the Beaufort West and Prince Albert Divisions and was last collected over 100 years ago. As a rule, species of Fockea seem to be represented by comparatively few individuals. All have tuberous rootstocks, which in some cases attain a size of about 2 ft. in thickness, and as has been recorded on more than one occasion previously, Bushmen, Hottentots and other natives of Southern Africa make use of the tubers of certain species as a source of food. No doubt certain animals such as baboons seek Fockea species for the same reason. It is probable, therefore, that this is an important factor in their distribution. Early colonists soon learnt the value of Fockea tubers, and even up to the present day they are sought and uprooted for the preparation of preserve (“ confeit ”). Duplicate material of F . gracilis is in the National Herbarium, Pretoria, and the Albany Museum Herbarium, Grahamstown. R. A. Dyer. Fiq. 1, flowering shoot with upper part of caudex, natural size ; 2, flower, x 3 ; 3, corona, from within, showing the tridentate lobes and the appendages, x 6 ; 4, androecium, x 8 ; 5, stamen, from within, with pollinia removed, x 8 ; fl[ caudicle and pollinia, x 20 ; 7, gynoecium, x 8. 322 3 Tabula 3223. STRYCHNOS TABASCANA Sprague et Saiidwith. Loganiaceae. Tribus Strychneae. S. (§ Longiflorae) tabascana Sprague et Sandwith in Kew Bull. 1927, 128 ; S. triplinerviae Mart, e Brasilia affinis, a qua foliis minus coriaccis longius acuminatis, corollis longioribus gracilioribus sparsius indutis, staminibus longius exsertis filamentis manifests, fauce glabra differt ; a S. longissima Loes. corollae indumento valde diversa. Frutex verisimiliter scandens ; ramuli annotini 2-3 mm. diametro, pubescentes ; ramuli hornotini gracillimi, pubescentes ; internodia 3-4 • 5 cm. longa. Folia ovata, ovato-lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, acutissime acuminata, basi cuneata usque rotundata vel etiam leviter cordata, 5-11*5 cm. longa, 2 *7-4 *8 cm. lata, utrinque costa nervisque lateralibus breviter pilosa, mesophyllo marginibusque pilis raris induta, nitidula, supra minute granuloso-punctulata, quintuplinervia, nervis tertiariis conspicuis subparallelis ; petioli dense pubescentes, 3-5 mm. longi. Inflorescentiae ramulos breves paria foliorum 1-3 gerentes terminantes, et terminales et in axillis foliorum summorum, corymboso- thyrsoideae ; pedunculi pubescentes, cymarum terminalium 3-9 mm. longi, axillarium 8-12 mm. longi ; cymulae ultimae triflorae, flore medio subsessili, lateralibus cum pedicellis dense pubescentibus 2- mm. longis ; bracteae lineari-subulatae, dense pubescentes, 2-3*o mm. longae. Calycis segmenia subulato-lanceolata, extra pilosa atque longe ciliata, circiter 3 mm. longa. Corolla gracilis, hypocrateri- formis ; tubus fulvo-pilosulus, praeterea serie pilorum longorum patente vel ascendente conspicua praeditus, intus basi ac apice excepto albo-lanatus, 1-5-1-7 cm. longus, ad 1 mm. diametro; lobi demum reflexi, lineari-oblongi, obtusi, ad 4 mm. longi, extra indumento tubi praediti, intus cinereo-pulverulenti. Stamina summo tubo inserta, tonspicue exserta ; filamenta 1*5-2 mm. longa, glabra; antherae nim. longae. Ovarium glabrum, 0*75 mm. diametro ; stylus glaber, r um st,1gmate capitato 2-2 • 1 cm. longus, igitur fere ad 4 mm. e corollae fauce exsertus. Mexico. Tabasco; San Sebastian, fl. Feb. 16, 1889, Rovirosa 361. Ibis species belongs to a rather distinct group in the section longiflorae , the members of which are characterised by terminal 2 inflorescences, by ascending pubescence on the young branchlets and petioles, and by their leaves being more or less glabrous except for the main nerves and for scattered hairs on the margins, and verruculose- punctate above. Other members of this group, evidently allied to S. tabascana , are S. panamensis Seem., S. cogens Benth. of British Guiana (the flowers of which are still unknown), and S. triplinervia Mart. — N. Y. Sandwith. Fia. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, calyx, x 4 ; 3, corolla, laid open, x 4 ; 4, gynoecium, x 4. Tabula 3224. STRYCHNOS ASPERULA Sprague et Sandwith . Loganiaceae. Tribus Strychneae. S. (§ Longiflorae) asperula Sprague et Sandwith in Kew Bull. 1927, 131; S. rondeletioidi Spruce ex Benth. affinis, corollis haud pul- verulentis fauce haud lanata, foliis minus coriaceis supra subtilissime tantum reticulatis, nervis tertiariis inconspicuis differt. Frutex scandens ; ramuli hornotini ascendentes, graciles, glabri; annotini obtuse quadrangulares, dense lentieellati, cortice cinereo. Folia ovata vel elliptica, acuminata, basi cuneata vel subrotundata, 8-10 cm. longa, 3*8-5 cm. lata, tenuiter coriacea, utrinque vix nitidula, glabra, quintuplinervia, nervis tertiariis inconspicuis, sed rete venularum elevato subtilissimo, supra punctis elevatis creberrimis asperula ; petioli graciles, 4-8 mm. longi, 0*75-1 mm. lati. Injlorescentiae terminates, dense corymboso-thyrsoideae, floribus fere sessilibus ; pedunculi 1 *5-2*5 cm. longi, glabri; rhachis cum ramis suis acute angulata, pubescens ; bracteae 1-2-5 mm. longae, connatae, ciliatae. Calycis segmenta rotundato-ovata, obtusa, 0*75 mm. longa, ciliata. Corolla ochroleuca, hypocrateriformis ; tubus utrinque glaber, 8*5 mm. longus, 0*5-0*75 mm. diametro, fauce haud lanata ; lobi patentes vel subreflexi, lineari-lanceolati, 2*5 mm. longi, obtusi, intus cinereo- pulverulenti, praesertim marginibus ac apicem versus. Stamina in fauce inserta, filamentis brevissimis ; antherae e fauce exsertae, 1*75 mm. longae. Ovarium ovoideo-ellipsoideum, glabrum, 1 mm. longum, circiter 0*5 mm. diametro; stylus glaber, cum stigmate capitato 1 cm. longus. Brazil. Amazons basin : Rio Acre ; Seringal Sao Francisco, fl. Sept. 1911, Vie 9838. A well-marked species, clearly allied to S. rondeletioides Spruce ex Benth., but easily distinguishable by the absence of wool at the throat of the corolla and the other characters indicated in the diagnosis. The glabrous tube of the corolla is an important feature which is rare in tropical American species of the section Longi florae. It is shared by two very interesting and distinct species recently described by Dr. Ducke (Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. s&r. 2, iv. 745), from 2 the Amazons basin, which are represented in the Kew Herbarium. Of these, S. trichostyla Ducke is immediately distinguished from S. asperula by its axillary inflorescences and hairy style ; while S. ramentifera Ducke differs in its leaves and its much longer stouter corollas. A third new species of this section, S. divaricans Ducke, with terminal inflorescences, is interesting since its tube is glabrous in the lower half, and minutely papillose-tomentellous in the upper half ; this again differs widely from S. asperula in characters of the foliage and inflorescence. — N. Y. Sand with. Fig. 1, upper part of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, portion of lower surface of leaf, x 3; 3, calyx and bracteoles, x 8 ; 4, corolla, laid open, x 4 ; 5, gynoecium, x 4. 32ZS Tabula 3225. STRYCHNOS PEDUNCULATA (DC.) Benth . Loganiaceae. Tribus Strychneae. S. (§ Longiflorae) pedunculata (DC.) Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. i. 105 (1857) ; Progel in Mart. FI. Bras. vi. pars i. 275 (1868) ; Sandwith in Kew Bull. 1933, 397. Rouhamon pedunculatum DC. in DC. Prodr. ix. 561 (1845). Strychnos Schomburgkiana Klotzsch in Rich. Schomb. Reisen, iii. 1144 (1848), nomen. S. trinitensis Griseb. FI. Brit. W. Ind. 407 (1861). — S. Mitscherlichii Rich. Schomb. (S. smilacinae Benth. pro majore parte) affinis, foliis plerumque minoribus firme chartaceis tantum vel vix coriaceis intricatius reticulatis, rhachi ramisque inflorescentiae conspicue pubescentibus nec glabris, calycis segmentis extra et pubescentibus et ciliatis differt. Frutex scandens ; ramuli hornotini pubescentes vel glabrescentes. Folia ovata usque elliptico-oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, breviter obtuse acuminata, basi abrupte cuneata, 4-12 cm. longa, 2-6 cm. lata, firme chartacea, vix subcoriacea, nitida, glabra, quintuplinervia, utrinque intricate reticulata, supra haud granuloso-punctata ; petiolus minute pubescens, demum glabrescens, usque 7 mm. longus. In - Jlorescentiae axillares, usque 4-5 cm. longae, anguste thyrsoideae, ubique conspicue pubescentes ; ramuli oppositi, horizontales vel ascendentes, breves, vulgo cymis simplicibus trifloris terminati ; bracteae 1*5-4 mm. longae, pubescentes; pedicelli 1-3 mm. longi. Calycis segmenta inaequalia, ovata usque subanguste ovato-lanceolata, ad 1*3 mm. longa, 0*6-1 mm. lata, obtusa, extra pubescentia atque ciliata. Corolla alba, hypocrateriformis ; tubus gracillimus, 3-6 mm. longus, extra minutissime papilloso-tomentellus, intus basi glabra excepta pilosiusculus ; lobi vix 3 mm. longi, intus triente inferiore dense lanati ceterum papilloso-tomentelli. Stamina in fauce sub lana loborum inserta, subsessilia ; antherae inclusae. Ovarium glabrum ; stylus cum stigmate capitato glaber, sub anthesi breviusculus. British Guiana. Roraima, fl. Nov., Scliomburgh 482 (= 792B) m Herb. Kew., Mus. Brit., Cantab., Paris., isotypus speciei. Cotinga River, W. of Pirara, Richard Schomburgk sine nurnero in Herb. Kew., Cantab., sub nurnero 792 in Herb. Paris. Rupununi Savannahs, 2 Pirara, fl. Sept. 1931, Davis in Forest Department no. 2184, Herb. Kew., typus iconis ; a bush-rope in savannah forest, with sweet-scented white flowers. Trinidad. Caura, fl. Sept. 1849, Crueger in Herb. Kew., typus vel isotypus S. trinitensis Griseb. Mr. Davis’ material, from which the accompanying figure was drawn, is of value, not only as the rediscovery of a rare species, but also as proof that the corolla-tube may be much longer than described by Progel in the Flora Brasiliensis from the Schomburgk material at Berlin. The Kew specimens of Schomburgk 482 (= 792B) are equally short, being about \\ lines (3 mm.) long ; but De Candolle originally described the tube as 3 lines (6 mm.) long from material of the same collection at Geneva. Even, however, with such short corollas before him, Progel was quite unjustified in placing S. pedunculata in his section Rouhamon , since its corolla-tube is always longer than the lobes, and its affinity is clearly with the species of the Longijlorae which bear axillary in¬ florescences. S. pedunculata was correctly placed in the Longijlorae by Solereder in Engl. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2. 39 (1895), and this writer also indicated the very close affinity of S. trinitensis Griseb. Careful comparison of S. pedunculata and S. trinitensis fails to show any characters by which they can be kept apart as distinct species. N. Y. Sandwitii. Figs. 1, 2, flowering branchlets, natural size; 3, flower, x 4 ; 4, calyx, x 4 ; 5, corolla, laid open, x 4; 6, gynoecium, x 4. Tabula 3226. SILENE ASTERIAS Griseb . Caryophyllaceae. Tribus Sileneae. S. Asterias Griseb. Spic. FI. Rumel. et Bithyn. i. 168 (1843) ; Boiss. FI. Or. i. 654 (1867) ; Rohrbach, Monogr. Silene, 150 (1868) ; PanSitf, FI. Princip. Serb. 166 (1874) ; Nyman, Consp. FI. Eur. 89 (1878), et Suppl. 51 (1889) ; Velenovsky, FI. Bulg. 66 (1891) ; Rouy, Illustr. PI. Eur. Rar. fasc. i. 2, t. 4 (1895) ; F. N. W illiams in Joum. Linn. Soc., Bot xxxii. 109 (1896) ; Giirke in Ricbter, PI. Eur. ii. 304 (1899) ; Beck in Glasnik, xix. 20 (1907) ; Rev. Hortic. 1908, 111, fig. 35 ; Vandas, Reliq. Formanek. 61 (1909) ; AdamovnS in Engl. u. Drude, Veget. der Erde, xi. 82, 105, 367, 481, 500 (1909) ; Kosanin in Pros. Glasnika, 1910,' 28 ; KoSanin, Elem. Vlasinske Flore, seorsim impr. 28 (1910) ; Degen ex Fritsch in Mitt. Naturw. Ver. Steiermark xlvi. 307 (1910) ; Ko§anin in Glas. Srp. Kralj Akad. Beograd, lxxxv. 234 (1911) ; Aschers. u. Graebn. Syn. FI. Mittel-Eur. v. 2, 156 (1921) ; Velenovsky, Reliq. MrkviSk. 7 (1922) ; Stoyanofl et Stefanoff, Flor. Bulg. 378 (1924) ; Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. i. 272 (1924) ; Bornmiiller in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. lix. 409 (1924). — Sapwwria Asterias Griseb. Reise durch Rumelien und nach Brussa, ii. 110 (1841). — Ab S . compacto Friv. duratione perenni, inflorescentia minore flor i bus paucioribus praedita, pedunculo multo longiore facile distinguitur. Ilerlxi perennis, glaber. Rliizoma repens, bre viter stoloniferum, surculis sterilibus praeditum. Caules erecti, simplices, 5 *4-6 -2 dm. alti, basi 6-8 mm. superne 1-4 mm. diametro, internodiis sursum longioribus 4*5-20 cm. longis (pedunculo excepto) teretibus longi- tudinaliter striatis sub nodis viscosis. Folia oblanceolata, vel suprema elliptico-lanceolata, acuta vel ima obtusa, suprema bre viter acuminata , inferne gradatim angustata, basi in vaginam 5-12 mm. longam inter- nodii basin libere amplectentcm connata, ima 6 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata, media usque ad 16*4 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, suprema 6 cm. longa et 1*8 cm. lata vel minora, laete virentia, integra vel parce minute denticulata, costa nervisque supra inconspicuis infra sub- prominentibus, nervis lateralibus e costa angulo valde acuto excur- rentibus. Cyma terminalis, multi- (20-40-) flora, 3-3*5 cm. diametro, capituliformis, floribus fere sessilibus ; bracteae exteriores involu- crantes, ovato-lanceolatae vel lanceolatae, plus minusve scarioso- 2 membranaceae, apice attenuato- vel cuspidato-acuminatae, circiter 2 cm. longae et 0*8 cm. latae ; interiores lincari-lanceolatae, 4-5 mm. longae vel breviores ; pedunculus 2-2*7 dm. longus. Calyx clavatus, 1*4 cm. longus, superne rubens, dentibus ovato-lanceolatis apice subulato-attenuatis 3-4 mm. longis. Petala oblanceolato- vel oblongo- spathulata, apice fere truncata vel crenulato-truncata, inferne in unguem sensim attenuata, 1*2 cm. longa, 1*75 mm. lata, squamis coronae 2 brevissimis praedita. Stamina subinaequalia ; filamcnta alterna petalis basi adnata, 8 et 10 mm. longa; antherae 1*5 mm. longae. Ovarium cylindricum, 4*5 mm. longum, 1*75 mm. diametro ; styli 6*5 mm. longi ; carpophorum circiter 6 mm. longum. Capsula inferior clavato-cylindrica, 6 mm. longa, dentibus 6 ovatis exsiccando superne valde recurvis 1*5 mm. longis instructa ; carpophorum 5 mm. longum. South Macedonia. Malka Nidje, west of Lake Ostrovo, 1350- 1500 in., Grisebach ; Pisoderion, 12 June 1932, 1230 m., swampy spots in upland meadows in valley, very handsome deep crimson flowers, Alston and Sandwith 811. This very distinct species is endemic in the central parts of the Balkan Peninsula. It appears to be fairly widespread in Bulgaria, having been recorded from the Rila Dagh, Stara Planina, Sredna gora, Osogovo, and Plana Planina. In Serbia it is known from Vlasina, Ostrozub, and Kopaonik. In Northern Macedonia, Bornmuller found it on the Gole§nica and Dudica Planinas and on Peristeri, while KoSanin lists it from Jakupica. Alston and Sandwith’s specimens, quoted above, are from the southern limit of the species, so far as known at present. The records from Albania, Montenegro, and Hercegovina are doubtful. Grisebach, in his Spicilegium, gives the habitat and locality as “ in regione alpina Macedoniae : socialis in pratis humidis juxta rivulos m. Nidg6 alt. 4400'-4870' (substr. marmor.) (unde descendit cum aquis nonnunquam in regionem Pinus) ! FI. Jun.” In his Reise, ii. 166, the plant is listed, in a footnote, as Saponaria Asterias nov. sp. Reading pp. 163-174 of this most interesting book, it becomes clear that Grise¬ bach never crossed or climbed the Nidje (Nid2e or Nidge) Planina proper, as the name is now applied, and which rises in Mt. Kaymakchalan to 2549 m. (8284 ft.). He crossed the Malka Nidje, to the west of Lake Ostrovo, from Zejjen (Chegan) to Cruscherat (probably Krusho- grad). Grisebach’s specimen at Kew is written up “ Scardus,” but this is certainly erroneous if, as is generally held, the name Scardus should be accepted as synonymous with that of the Shar Planina. S. Asterias appears to be limited to the zones from the damp upland to the subalpine meadows, most often at between 1200 and 1700 m. altitude, though Bornmuller records it from 1000 m. on the Dudica Planina. No close relationship can be traced for the species except that with S. compacta Fisch., which has a much wider distribution than S. Asterias and is a commoner plant. The geographical ranges of the two species overlap in Bulgaria and Macedonia, but that of S . Asterias 3 is on the whole the more north-western in the Balkan Peninsula. S. compacta extends widely outside the Peninsula to Syria, Asia Minor, and the Caucasus as well as northwards to the Banat and Transsilvania, and within the Peninsula occurs generally at lower altitudes. Since the perennial habit of S. Asterias is an important (i.e. a constant) taxonomic character and is undoubtedly correlated with the habitat conditions under which the plant grows, one may postulate an ecotypical segregation of S. Asterias from the more widely spread S. compacta . W. B. Turrill. Fiq. 1, entire plant, xj; 2, lower part of plant, natural size ; 3, peduncle and inflorescence, natural size ; 4, flower, x 2 ; 5, section of flower (calyx removed), x 2 ; 6, petal and stamen, x 4 ; 7, gynoecium, x 6 ; 8, soaked capsule (calyx opened), x 2 ; 9, seeds, x 12. 5227 Tabula 3227. SILENE VENTRICOSA Adamovi6. Caryophyllaceae. Tribus Sileneae. S. ventricosa Adatrwvi6 in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. lv. 180 (1905) ; Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. i. 278 (1924) ; a S. Roemeri Friv! caulibus basi sublignescentibus, surculis foliiferis numerosis, calyce pruinoso-puberulo distinguitur. Herba perennis, basi caespitosa, multicaulis, caulibus inferne sub¬ lignescentibus ramulos steriles dense foliatos subrepentes edentibus, floriferis erectis (15-)23-30 cm. altis simplicibus tenuibus dense puberulis. Folia radicalia fere rosulata, elongato- vel spathulato- obovata, obtusa vel leviter apiculata, in petiolum attenuata, 2-4*5 cm. longa, 0*4-1 *5 cm. lata, utrinque dense puberula ; caulina diminuta, remota, lineari-lanceolata vel fere linearia, acuta vel suprema attenuata' basi 1*5 mm. connato-amplexicaulia, inferne longe ciliata, suprema et albo-marginata et ciliata, 1-3*7 cm. longa, 1-5 mm. lata. Cyma ovata, fere capitata, compacta vel imo tantum verticillastro remo- tiusculo 2*3-3*6 cm. longa, 1*5 cm. dia metro ; bracteae ovatae^el lanceolato-ovatae, in apicem attenuatae, 5-8 mm. longae, 1-5-3 mm latee, puberulae, inferne praecipue ciliatae. Calyx ovatus, ventricoso- infla,tus, pruinoso-puberulus, 10-nervius, usque ad 7 mm. longus 4 5 6 mm. diametro, dentibus obtusis vel subobtusis fere 2 mm longis rune^mms a** Ut® “embranaceis ciliatis. Petaki alba, oblanceolato- cuneata, 8 9-5 mm. longa, 2-25 mm. lata, unguibus valde ciliato- arbatis, lamina biloba lobis 1-1 -5 mm. longis. Stamina (in floribus,?) damentis 2-5-7 mm. longis hirsutis (inferne praecipue) antheris lon&18 P^edita. Ovarium (in floribus ?) oblongum, circiter . ' °n8um> \'5 mm- diametro, glabrum ; stigmata tria, 4-5 mm. longa. G apsula (ex Adamomi) ovata, 4 mm. longa, 3 mm. diametro, carpophoro incrassato circiter 1 mm. longo suffulta. 193->UTH Macedonia- Mountains above Pisoderion, 1850 m., 2 July an j ’.,°n f-'ratllte rocks and in turf on summit ridges between Kibanitsa m R i" ' uS°-slavian frontier, Alston and Sandwith 1096; in alpinis \ at)a 1 lanina (loc. cl.), July 1904, O. Bierljach (Herb. Mus. Brit.). , ALII''fW' Gramos Mts., bushy slope (sandstone), 1380 m., 27 June • ■ • , Alston and Sandwith 1937 ; Ostrovice Range, on grassy sandstone slopes, 2000 m., 4 July 1933, Alston and Sandwith 2079. 2 Adamovi<5 collected the type material of this species “ in graminosis praealpinis et sulmlpinis montis Baba Planina Macedoniae australis. ” Alston and Sandwith collected their first (1932) excellent flowering material in what is essentially the southern part of the Baba Planina. Later material, collected by them in 1933, came from farther west in southern Albania. The 1932 material has only female flowers, whilst both the 1933 numbers consist of plants with male flowers, that is to say, the flowers have fully developed stamens but a reduced and probably non-functional gynoecium. Some of Adamovi6’s measurements do not tally with those obtained from Alston and Sandwith’s material — notably the calyx, which is given by him as “ 4-5 mm. longus, 3-5-4 mm. latus,” and the petals as “ 5-6 mm. x 2 mm.” The new specimens show a greater range in leaf shape and size, especially in maximum dimensions, than is indicated in the original description. Adamovi<5 contrasts the species with S. olyrnpica Boiss., a species from Asia Minor and not known from the Balkan Peninsula. This belongs to the same group of the Oiiles section as S. ventricosa , which appears to be at least as close morpho¬ logically to S. Roemeri Friv., a species widely spread through the central parts of the Balkan Peninsula. Typical S. Sendtneri Boiss. has entire petals (“ petalis . . . ovato-oblongis obtusis ”) but Beck (Glasnik xviii. 21 : 1906) describes a var. (vel forma) emarginata with emarginate petals from Bosnia, and similar material has been collected in northern Albania. Indeed, I suspect that S. Roemeri , S. Sendtneri , S. ventricosa , and perhaps other members of the Otites group in the Balkan Peninsula are not sharply distinguishable one from another, although most specimens can be definitely placed. It is not possible to determine the significance of this from a study of herbarium material only. With regard to Thessalian material I am inclined to regard Sintenis , Iter thessalicum 1896, No. 817b, from Mt. Zygos, as S. ventri¬ cosa Adamovid and Hausskneckt , Iter Graecum 1885, from Mt. Zygos, above Metzovo, as either the same or as intermediate between S. ventri¬ cosa and S. Roemeri. It should also be noted that Alston and Sandwith describe the calyx- teeth as “ purple.” In their dried material from all three localities the calyx-teeth and the upper parts of the calyx-tube, especially on the adaxial sides, are of a deep reddish purple. Adamovi6 in the original description of S. ventricosa says “ calyce . . . albido,” and again “ calycis fabrica toto coelo abhorret,” and Bierbach’s material in the British Museum (Natural History) herbarium agrees with these statements. — W. B. Turrill. Fig. 1, part of a plant, natural size ; 2, part of lower surface of leaf, x 8 ; 3, male flower, x 4 ; 4, petal and stamen of male flower, x 4 ; 5, androecium and abortive gynoecium of male flower, with one stamen removed, x 4 ; 6, female flower, x 4 ; 7, petal and staminode of female flower, x 4 ; 8, abortive androecium, and gynoecium of female flower, x 4. 3228 Tabula 3228. LYCHNIS SUBINTEGRA (Hayek) Turrill Caryophyllaceae. Tribus Sileneae. L. subintegra (Hayek) Turrill , status novus. Lychnis Cyrilli Degen et Dorfl. in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. lxiv. 13 (1897) ; Stoyanoff in God. Sofij. Univ. xv.-xvi. 88 (1918-1920) ; Velen. Reliq. Mrkviftk. 7 (Prague, 1922) ; nonRicht.exReichb.Icon.vi. 55 (1844). L. Flos-cuculi L. subsp. Cyrilli Velen. FI. Bulg. 57 (1891) ; Vandas, Reliq. Formanek. 58 (1909). L. Flos-cuculi L. var. Cyrilli Polak in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xliii. 379 (1893) ; Stoyanoff et Stefanoff, FI. Bulg. 383 (1924). L. Flos-cuculi L. subsp. subintegra Hayek in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. lxx. 14 (1921), in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. xcix. 120(1924), etin Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. i. 288 (1924). L. Cyrilli Richt. ex Reichb. subsp. subintegra Bornra. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. lix. 411 (1924). L. Flos-cuculi Hal. Consp. FI. Graec. i. 151 (1900) pro parte, non L.— A L. Flos-cuculi L. petalis albis vel pallide roseo-lilacino-suffusis multo brevioribus subintegris leviter quadrilobatis recedit. Herba perennis, erecta, usque ad 6-7 dm. alta, fere glabra. Caules 1-4, longitudinahter sulcati, angulis leviter retrorso-hispidis praecipue infra nodos. Folia caulina basi in vaginam 0-5-3 mm. longam connata, lineari-lanceolata vel lineari-oblanceolata, superne saepissime angustata, apice subobtusa, basi abrupte leviter angustata, sessilia lnfenora 3-6-5 cm. longa et 0-5-1 -2 cm. lata, superiora gradatim breviora angustioraque et in bracteas transeuntia, costa prominente nervis lateralibus indistinctis. 1 njlorescenlia 3-multiflora; pedicelli usque ad 4 • 6 cm. longi, plerumque multo breviores ; bracteae inferiores anguste lineares, superiores lanceolatae, acutae, margine ciliatae et plus minusve membranaceae. Calyx anguste campanulatus, 0-9 cm. longus, apice 0-6 cm. diametro, dentibus ovato-triangularibus 3 mm. ongm et usque ad 2*75 mm. latis margine membranaceis glanduloso- ( l latis. Petala alba, squamis coronae pallide lilacinis exceptis, vel pa K(» roseo-lilacino-suflusa, circiter 1-2-1 -6 cm. longa, lamina > b mm. lata leviter quadrilobata ; squamae coronae lanceolatae, valde acutae vel acuminatae, 2-3 mm. longae, plus minusve dentatae. Stamina 9 (an semper ?), filamentis 5-7 mm. longis, antheris 1-75 mm. Jongis. Ovarium elongato-ellipsoideum, 4 mm. longum, 2-5 mm. 2 diametro ; styli 5, 4 • 5 mm. longi ; gynophorum 1 mm. longum. Capsula anguste ellipsoideo-ovoidea, 9 mm. longa, 4 mm. diametro, dentibus 5 anguste triangularibus 1 • 5 mm. longis instructa ; carpophorum 1 • 5 mm. longum. Semina complanata, reniformia vel suborbicularia, tubercu- lata. Thessaly. Pindus tymphaeus, Said Pascha, in prat, humidis, 9 July 1896, Sintenis 814. Albania. District of Moskopole, west of Kor$e : Moskopole, 1170 m., wet meadow, July 1933, Alston and Sandwith 2019. North Macedonia. In locis paludosis prope Allchar, 16 June 1893, Dorfler 78. South Macedonia. Armensko, in meadows and hayfields in the bottom of the valley, 1000 m., 2 June 1932, Alston and Sandwith 621. Bulgaria. In pratis ad Dragalevtzi non procul a Sofia, 24 May 1915, Stoyanoff. Lychnis Cyrilli Richt. ex Reichb. was named (p. 55) and figured (t. cccvi. fig. 5129b) in Reichenbach’s leones in 1844 and described (in synonymy) by Rohrbach in Linnaea xxxvi. 182 (1869). It is said in these publications to grow near Tergestum (Trieste), in Sicily, near Idria, and near Belgrade. Specimens at Kew are from “ near Rome,” “ Napoli (nella valle di S. Rocco),” and Corsica. It is characterized chiefly by its slender pedicels, and Briquet (Prodr. FI. Corse, i. 565 : 1910) will not sustain it even as a variety of L. Flos-cuculi L. Degen and Dorfler were apparently the first authors to associate, wrongly, the plant here figured and described with L. Cyrilli Richt. ex Reichb. Under one or another combination the epithet Cyrilli has been used by many authors writing on the flora of the Balkan Peninsula, even since Hayek pointed out its inaccuracy in 1921. Some justification must be given for raising Hayek’s subspecies to full specific rank. In addition to the specimens quoted above, all of which are in the Herbarium at Kew, the following records may be accepted as most probably representing our plant : NidSe-Gebirge : zwischen Al§ar und dem Tribor, auf feuchten Wiesen, 800-1000 m. (25 Juni 1918 ; Scheer), and Peristeri-Gebiet : bei Dolenci, auf Wiesen haufig, 800 m. (Juni 1918 ; Gross n. 225), recorded by Bornmiiller in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. lix. 411 (1924). Albania : in pratis montanis inter Trektani et Kruma, ca 600-700 m. s.m., leg. Dorfler, recorded by Hayek in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. lxx. 14 (1921). Bulgaria: Wiesen bei Knezewo, recorded by Polak in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xliii. 379 (1893) ; Kamenicki Alcek in mt. Rh. Bg. (xi. 95), recorded by Vandas, Reliq. Formanek. 58 (1909) ; and Belasitza Planina, in a damp meadow, near the village of Gabrovo, with flowers 23*7*1917, recorded by Stoyanoff in God. Sofij. Univ. xv.-xvi. 88 (1918-1920). It will be noticed that the plant is limited, so far as is known, to the Balkan Peninsula, where it occupies a fairly extensive but relatively continuous area in the central parts including Thessaly, Albania, North and South 3 Macedonia, and western Bulgaria (with the Rodopes). Lychnis Flos- cuculi L. has, of course, a much wider general distribution, but one which probably overlaps that of L. subintegm in the Balkan Peninsula. It is agreed that the morphological characters distinguishing L. sub¬ integm from L. Flos-cuculi are few, and might, indeed, be correlated with a single gene difference or at most a few gene differences. On the other hand Sandwith and Alston have informed the writer in very definite terms that L. subintegm forms an entity most distinct in the field, in southern Albania and South Macedonia, from L. Flos-cuculi, with' which they never found it associated. In addition to the charac¬ ters noted in the differential diagnosis, it seems, from dried material, that the texture of the petals may be thicker in L. subintegm than in L Flos-cuculi. Alston and Sandwith also noted that the petal laminae lie in a markedly flat plane in the living flowers. It is uncertain from available material if the short gynophore, slightly extended as a carpophore in the fruit, has any real diagnostic value. The known distribution and the field evidence suggest that a status higher than that of variety should be given to our plant. This is not the place to enter upon a discussion of the ambiguous term “ subspecies ” and it must suffice to point out that those who wish to retain L. subintegm within the species L. Flos-cuculi can use Hayek’s combination. W. B. Turrill. Fio. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, calyx, x 3 ; 3, petal, x 3 ; 4, androecium and gynoecium, x 3 ; 5, oalyx and capsule, x 2 ; 6, seed, x 16. 6229 Tabula 3229. STACHYS SERBICA Pant. Labiatae. Tribus Stachydeae. S. serbica Paul f. FI. Princip. Serb. 563-4 (1874) ; Nyman Consp. FI. Eur. 579 (1881) ; Hausskn. in Mitt. Tliiir. Bot. Yer. N. F. xi. 43 (1897) ; Hal. Consp. FI. Graec. ii. 531 (1902) ; Podpera in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, lii. 672 (1902) ; Degen in Math. u. Naturw. Ber. Ungarn, xix. 369 (1904) ; Stoyanoff et Stefanoff, Flor. Bulg. 949 (1925) ; Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. ii. 301 (1929) ; a S. htrta L. et S. arvensi L. floribus capitatis vel inflorescentia verticillastris perpaucis praedita differt ; a priore corolla purpurea, a posteriore calycis dentibus longi- oribus angustioribus facile distinguitur. Ilerba annua, 7—30 cm. alta. Cauhs erectus, simplex vel inferne raraosus, tetragonus, subpatule reflexo-hirsutus, praecipue infra nodos. Folia oblongo-ovata vel raro ovata, obtusiuscula, parum cordata, 1 *3-3-5 cm. longa, 0*8-2 cm. lata, manifeste crenato-dentata, dentibus obtusiusculis in foliis floralibus paullo acutioribus, utrinque adpresse vel subadpresse hirta, nervis in pagina superiore inconspicuis, in pagina inferiore prominentibus, inferiora petiolo usque ad 2*8 cm. longo patule hirsuto, superiora petiolo gradatim breviore, folia verticil last ros subtendentia petiolo 1-3 mm. longo instructa. Verticillastra terminalia 2-l()-flora, capitulum subglobosum formantia, verticillastris inferioribus saepe nullis interdum 5-7-floris ; bracteae lanceolatae vel anguste lanceolatae, acute attenuatae, demuin spinulosae vel subspinulosae, 8-9*5 mm. longae, 1*75-3 mm. longae, longe pilosae. Calyx tubuloso- campanulatus, extra pilosus, 1*3 cm. longus, dentibus oblongo-lanceo- latis superne sensim angustatis apice spinuloso-acuminatis 6 mm. longis basi 1*75-2 mm. latis utrinque pilosis, fructifer accretus, rigidulus, campanulatus, crebre nervulosus, dentibus rigidis subpatentibus leviter recurvis spinescentibus. Corolla purpurea, 1 *7 cm. longa, tubo anguste cylindrico 1*1 cm. longo fauce leviter ampliato breviter pubescente, a >us extra pubescentibus ; labium superius ellipticum, 4 mm. latum, mterdum leviter emarginatum ; labium inferius trilobatum lobo medio ere ^ mrn- lato lobis lateralibus fere 2 mm. latis. Filamenta adaxialia l lnm*» abaxialia 3 mm. longa, glabra vel fere glabra. Stylus 1 *4 cm. A^n^US’ 8UI)erne praecipue latere abaxiali pubescens, inferne glaber. Nuculae compresso-trigono-ovatae, 3*75 mm. longae, 2*5 mm. diametro, casta neo-fuscae. 2 Thessaly. Agrapha (Dolopia veterum) : in reg. infer, m. Pindi circa monasterium Korona, in nemorosis quercinis alt. 1080-1140 m. substratu schistoso, Junio 1885, Haussknecht. Albania. District of Gjinokastre, above Gjinokastre, June 1933, 770 m., open stony slopes of Mali Gjer, usually around low bushes, Alston and Sandwith 1544 ; Qajup (Mali Lunxheries), June 1933, 1230 m., stony bush ground by the meadow, Alston and Sandwith 1576 ; Nemer^ka Range, above Biovishde, 1400 in., June 1933, Alston and Sandwith 1849 ; above Leskovik, June 1933, 1230 m., bare rocky limestone slopes of Melesin, Alston and Sandwith 2250 ; Moskopole, west of Kor^e, 1400 m., June 1933, stony sandstone bush slopes near the Hagios Prodromos Monastery, Alston and Sandwith 2007. North Macedonia. Troi'aci, near Prilep, May 1917, T. Nikoloff. South Macedonia. Pisoderion, stony slopes in open beech-woods near Hagia Trias Monastery, very local, 1230 m., Alston and Sandwith 584. Bulgaria. In aridis calcareis ad Karaseli, Maio 1926, N. Stoyanojf. Serbia. Alexinatz, waechst auf Aeckern, April 1870, Pan&io . Stachys serbica is a very distinct species endemic in a fairly well- marked area practically in the centre of the Balkan Peninsula. In addition to the localities given above, PodpSra records the species from a light oak-wood on dry forest soil northwards of Haskovo, in South Bulgaria. Although it is morphologically nearest to S. arvensis L. (Glecorna arvensis L.) it is certainly not a mere doubtful segregate from this. Rather it appears to be a relict type of natural open wood¬ lands whose widespread destruction by man in the Balkan Peninsula may well have reduced and restricted the area of distribution of S. serbica in an artificial manner, and may certainly be a cause of its relative rarity within the known contours of its present territory. It may be noted that while Pan£i6 records the plant “ auf Aeckern ” (label in Herb. Kew.), most other collectors whose labels or records have been traced describe the habitat as forest of oak or beech. W. B. Turrill. Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, part of leaf, lower surface, x 4 ; 3, bract, x 3 ; 4, calyx, x 3 ; 5, anterior half of corolla, x 3; 6, posterior half of corolla, with stamens, x 3; 7, gynoecium, x 3 ; 8, ovary, x 12 ; 9, nutlet, x 4. _ Tabula 3230. MICROMERTA FORMOSANA Marquand. Labiatae. Tribus Saturejeae. M. formosana Marquand ; species nova inter asiaticas distinctissima, a M. Wardii Marquand et Airy-Shaw habitu multo breviore ramoso, foliis minoribus, calyce corollaque multo minoribus, bracteolarum absentia recedens. lierba perennis, usque 12 cm. alta. Cattle* erecti vel adscendentes, ramosi, teretes, rubro-purpurascentes, sparse crispule pubescentes. Rosula basalts nulla. Folia caulina petiolata, ovata, subobtusa, basi subcuneata, usque 7 mm. longa et 5 mm. lata, supra scaberula, utrinque glandulis depressis punctata ; petioli 2-3 mm. longi, scaberuli. In- Jlorescentiae pauciflorae, caulem et ramulos laterales terminantes ; bracteae foliiformes ; bracteolae nullae ; pedicelli graciles, puberuli, vix 1 mm. longi. Calyx cylindrico-infundibularis, purpurascens, puberulus, 2 *5-3 mm. longus, fauce 1 mm. diametro, glandulis numerosis minutis sessilibus aureo-nitentibus obsitus, fauce pilis longis albis praeditus ; dentes quinque, ovato-deltoidei, subacuti, usque 1 mm. longi. Corolla pallide violacea, 5-7 mm. longa, extra pubescens* glandulis paucis minutis sessilibus aureo-nitentibus vel hyalinis obsita, labio superiore ovato bilobato circiter 2-5 mm. diametro, labio inferiore trilobato lobis subrotundatis circiter 1-5 mm. diametro. Stamina didynama, anteriora labio superiore subbreviora, posteriora faucem tubi vix superantia ; filamenta glabra ; antherarum lobi divaricati. Discus aequalis. Ovarium breviter quadrilobatum. Nuculi ellipsoideo- oblongi, laeves, vix 0*5 mm. longi. Stylus filiformis, 8 mm. longus. F ormosa. Described from a living plant grown in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from seed received from Mr. K. Yashiroda (No. 31). This is the only species of Micromeria known from the island of Formosa. — C. V. B. Marquand. Ho. 1, part, of plant, natural size ; 2, upper surface of leaf, showing glands and hairs, x 6 ; 3, flower w ith subtending bract, lateral view', x 4 ; 4, flower, front \a*w\ x 4; 5, calyx, x 8 ; 6, interior of calyx, and gynoecium, x 8 ; 7, anterior part of corolla (flattened out), showing insertion of stamens, x 8 ; 8, posterior part of corolla, x 8; 9, anther, ventral view, x 16; 10, anther, dorsal view, x 16; 11, lower part of gynoecium and disk, x 16. — 6231 Tabula 3231. HOMOPHOLIS BELSONII C. E . Hubbard. Gramineae. Tribus Panice ae. Homopholis C. E. Hubbard in Kew Bulletin, 1934, 126 ; genus LeptoUmati Chase affine, sed gluma inferiore spiculae aequilonga vel paullo breviore arete 7-nervi, anthoecio supero infero multo breviore lemmate superiore apice calloso differt. Spiculae omnes similes, dorso anguste lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceo- latae, acutae, muticae, dorso compressae, abaxiales, solitariae, longe pedicellatae, demuni totae a pedicellis persistentibus disarticulatae, in ramis longis gracillimis paniculae ortae. Anthoecia duo ; inferum sterile, ad lemma et paleam minutam redactum ; superum £, infero multo brevius. Glumae similes, spiculae aequilongae vel inferior vel ambae paullo breviores, lineari- vel anguste oblongo-lanceolatae et obtusae (explanatae), crebre et prominenter 7-nerves herbaceae marginibus angustis hyalinis ; gluma inferior dorso plana, superior dorso leviter convexa. Anthoecium inferum : lemma spiculae aequi- longum vel paullo brevius, ambitu anguste lanceolatum, sub- acuminatum, marginibus superne involutis, apice obtusum,. dorso planum, explanatum glumae superiori simile ; palea minuta, biloba ve emargmata, hyalina. Anthoecium superum anguste elliptico- o longum, subapiculatum : lemma late ellipticum (explanatum), apice callosum, tenuiter 5-7-nerve, laeve, chartaceum, marginibus latis tenuibus planis ; palea lemmati aequilonga, acuta, dorso plana, 2-nervis, marginibus late inflexis. Lodiculae duae, minutissimae. Stamina tria ; antherae lineares. Ovarium glabrum ; styli distincti, terminales ; stigmata plumosa, ex apice anthoecii exserta. Caryopsis anguste elhpsoidea, inter lemma et paleam arete inclusa ; scutellum circiter junndiam partem caryopsis aequans ; hilum basale. — Gramen perenne, ^axe caespitosum ; culmi multinodes ; laminae lineares, planae ; ligulae ar)ni?lter .mem^ranaceae i panicula laxissima ; rami longi, plerumque superne 3-1-spiculati ; pedicel li solitarii ; spiculae fere Species unica, Queenslandiae incola. H. Belsonii C. E. Hubbard , l.c. 127. Culmi erecti vel plerumque tfeniculato-ascendentes, nonnunquam e basi prostrata nodis inferioribus 2 radicantibus, usque ad 40 cm. alti, gracillimi, teretes, basin versus laxe ramosi, rigidiusculi, usque ad 9-nodes, straminei, glabri laevesque. Folia glabra; vaginae plerumque internodiis longiores, teretes, arete appressae vel demum laxae, laeves ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad 1 • 5 mm. longae ; laminae basi ieviter contractae, acutae, usque ad 8 cm. longae, plerumque 2-2*5 mm. latae, subglaucae, minute scaberulae. Panicula valde effusa, ambitu latissime obovata vel demum latissime elliptica, tandem a culmo disarticulata, usque ad 25 cm.longa et 20 cm. lata ; axis primarius gracillimus, strictus, angulatus et Ieviter sulcatus, minute scaberulus ; rami numerosi, stricti, rigidiusculi, oblique patentes, demum horizontaliter patentes vel Ieviter deflexi, solitarii vel 2-3 ap¬ proximate applanati vel subtriquetri, marginibus scabridis, basi in axillis minute pubescentes, inferiores usque ad 15 cm. longi, superiores gradatim breviores ; pedicelli ramis similes, 1*3-6 cm. longi, apice subdiscoidei. Spiculae 4*5-6 mm. longae, atro-virides. Gluma inferior basi serie pilorum minutissimorum praedita, nervis superne scaberulis ; gluma superior inter nervos pilis minutissimis rigidis instructa ; inter- nodium rhachillae inter glumas usque ad 0*5 mm. longura. Lemma anthoecii inferi glumae superiori simile vel fere glabrum ; palea circiter 0*5 mm. longa. Lemma anthoecii super i usque ad 3 mm. longum. Antherae 1*5 mm. longae. Caryopsis 2 mm. longa. Queensland. Darling Downs District : head of Dogwood Creek, east of Gurulmundi, November 1930, Belson. Homopholis is most closely allied to Leptoloma Chase, a genus repre¬ sented in North America by L. cognaium (Schult.) Chase and in Northern Australia by L. papposum (R.Br.) Hughes. Leptoloma cognaium and Homopholis Belsonii are indeed very similar in general appearance, but the well-developed lower glume and comparatively small fertile floret of the latter readily distinguish it. The same characters and in ad¬ dition the paniculate inflorescence serve to separate Homopholis from Digitaria Hall. In both leptoloma and Ligitaria the lower glume is very small or suppressed. This species commemorates Mr. E. H. Belson, who, whilst engaged on a land-survey, rendered considerable assistance to the writer in collecting grasses in the Leichhardt District of Queensland. The name Homo¬ pholis was given in allusion to the three similar scales of the spikelet. C. E. Hubbard. Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2 and 3, spikelet, front and back views respectively, x 8 ; 4, upper glume, x 8 ; 5, lower lemma, x 8 ; 6, palea of lower tloret, x 1(5 ; 7, upper floret, x 8 ; 8, flower, x 16 ; 9, caryopsis, x 10. SR-C. Tabula 3232. ORYZA ATJSTRALIENSIS Domin . Gramineae. Tribus Oryzeae. 0. australiensis Domin in Biblioth. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 333 (1915) ; Roshev. in Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. & Pl.-Breed. xxvii. pt. 4, 45, 125, figs. 17b, 32, 33 (1931) ; Chevalier in Rev. Bot. Appl. et Agric. Trop. xii. 1016 (1932). 0. saliva F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral, viii. 115 (1873) et l.c. xi. 130 (1882) ; Benth. FI. Austral, vii. 550(1878) ; Maiden, Usef. Nat. PI. Austral. 49 (1889); F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. vi. 1844 (1902), et Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 612 (1913) ; Ewart & Davies, FI North. Territ. 41 (1917) ; omnes partim, non Linn.— Species affinis O. sativae Linn. var. fatxiae Prain, sed perennis, ligulis brevioribus, paniculae ramis et pedicellis scabrido-ciliolatis, gluniis majoribus, lemmatis arista graciliore subcapillari, palea apice cuspidata differt. Descriptio hie emendata. Gramen perenne, usque ad 1*6 m. altum ; rhizomata repentia, gracilia, usque ad 3 mm. diametro, multinodia, glabra, cataphyllis brevibus papyraceis glabris obtecta. Cxdmi fasciculati, erecti vel ascendentes, validi, teretes, simplices, 4-5-nodes, glabri laevesque. Foliorum vaginae intemodiis longiores, usque ad 45 cm. longae, laeves, glabrae vel *>re pilis paucis rigidiusculis pilosae ; ligulae 3-6 mm. longae, apice totundatae demum laceratae ; laminae lineares, in acumen tenue attcnuatae, usque ad 65 cm. longae et 1*7 cm. latae, planae vel conduplicatae, firmae, glabrae vel ligulam versus pilis brevibus sparsis pilosae, supra scaberulae, subtus laeves, marginibus cartilagineis scaberrimae. Panicula laxa, oblonga, e vagina summa demum exserta, 20-45 cm. longa, multiramosa ; rhachis basin versus laevis vel leviter scaberula, superne angulata et scaberrima ; rami graciles, in axillis pubescentes, angulati, valde scabrido-ciliolati, inferne ramulis brevibus vel simplices, laxe vel dense spiculati, usque ad 25 cm. longi, lnferiores subverticillati ; pedicelli inaequales, 1-8 mm. longi, scabrido- ciliolati. Spiculae oblongae, oblique acuminatae, 6-7*5 mm. longae, albidae, stramineae vel demum fuscae. Glumac suborbiculares, circiter 0*5-0* 8 mm. longae, tenuiter membranaceae, enerves. Lemmata steriha lanceolata vel anguste ovata (explanata), acuta, 1 *5-2*5 mm. longa, coriacea, laevia. Lemma fertile oblongum, in aristam flexuosain capillarem usque ad 4*5cm.longam oblique attenuatum, cartilagineum, 2 prominenter 5-nerve, inter nervos depressum, subtiliter granuloso- striatum, leviter rugulosum, nervis et carinis pilis rigidis minutis erectis praeditum. Palea lineari-lanceolata, cuspidata (cuspide usque ad 2*5 mm. longa), carina pilis rigidis minutis scabrido-ciliolata. Antherae 3* 5-4* 5 mm. longae. Caryopsis oblonga, 4-5 mm. longa. Northern Australia. Sturt's Creek, Mueller (type). Queensland. Burke District : Normanton, Wildash. Cook Dis¬ trict : Georgetown, May 1914, Green ; Gilbert River, Feb. 1922, White 1473 ; Forest Home Station, Gilbert River, 1931, Brass 1885 ; without precise locality, Pollock. Domin, when describing Oryza australiensis y stated that his descrip¬ tion was based on specimens collected by Mueller at Sturt’s Creek. This type material is in the Kew Herbarium. It consists of four specimens, each without the base. Three of the four represent the same species and are taken as the type of 0. australiensis Domin ; the fourth specimen, however, is a wild variety of the cultivated rice (= 0. saliva L. v&r.fatua Prain). The measurements of the ligule of the latter were unfortunately included in the original description of 0. australiensis. This accounts for the length of that organ being given as 5 to 20 mm., whereas it is only 3 to 6 mm. long. The presence of two wild rices at Sturt’s and Hooker’s Creeks was noted by Mueller (Fragm. Phyt. Austral, viii. 115), who stated that there were two varieties, one with larger spikelets and stouter awns and the other with almost capillary awns and a long-cuspidate palea. These are some of the characters which distinguish 0. saliva L. var. fatua Prain from 0. australiensis Domin. The perennial habit of 0. australiensis was unknown until Mr. L. J. Brass collected an excellent series of specimens at Forest Home Station on the Gilbert River. These show a well-developed system of rhizomes. There seems no doubt that Stapf's interpretation of the structure of the spikelet of Oryza is correct, at least so far as the glumes and sterile lemmas are concerned (see Hook. f. in Trimen, FI. Ceyl. v. 182 : 1900, and A. Arber, The Gramineae, 184 : 1934). The glumes in 0. australiensis , although very small, are larger and more distinct than in any other species of Oryza. They are free from each other, the lower glume being usually slightly larger, whilst its margins at the base overlap those of the upper. The internode of the rhachilla is slightly produced above the glumes and can be readily seen between them. Roshevicz (Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. & Pl.-Breed. xxvii. pt. 4, 125 : 1931) points out that none of the diagnostic characters seen in Oryza australiensis Domin are met with in any of the cultivated rices, and on this account he supposes that it has played no part in the formation of any varieties or groups of cultivated rice. Oryza australieims probably occurs along rivers and creeks and in swamps throughout northern Australia. In Australian literature it is usually referred to as a wild form of 0. saliva L. or placed under that 3 species. Mueller (Fragm. Phyt. Austral, viii. 1 15) records it from Sturt’s and Hooker’s Creeks ; later (l.c. xi. 130) he states that it is spontaneous and abundant in the Einasleigh and Herbert Rivers, where it was col¬ lected by Armit. Cowley (Queensl. Agric. Journ. i. 236 : 1897) writes that he has seen the native wild rice of Queensland and that enormous flocks of wild geese indigenous in Northern Queensland build their nests in places adjacent to the depressions where the rice grows, choosing the time when the grain will be ready as food for their offspring. F. M. Bailey first refers to the wild rice in a list of Queensland grasses pub¬ lished in 1877. He mentions that his only specimen is from Mr. Gulliver, Normanton. In the Queensland Flora, vi. 1844, Bailey points out that it is common in the Gulf Country swamps and that the stockholders there consider it an excellent fodder. Later (Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 612) he notes that two forms of wild rice are met with in the tropical swamps of Queensland, one having dark- and the other light-coloured inflorescences. The latter is without doubt 0. auslraliensis , whilst the former may be more mature specimens of that species or specimens of 0. sativa L. var .fatua Prain. — C. E. Hubbard. Fig. 1, entire plant, excluding 6 cm. of culm, x j ; 2, ligule, x 3 ; 3, spikelet, with portion of awn removed, x 6 ; 4, 5 and 6, glumes, x 12 ; 7 and 8, sterile lemmas, x 6 ; 9, stamens, x 6; 10, gynoeeium, x 16 ; 11, caryopsis, x 6. cT £ 33 Tabula 3233. LEPTURUS GEMINATUS C. E. Hubbard. Gramineae. Tribus Leptureae. L. geminatus C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, affinis L. repenti (Forst.) R.Br., sed foliis plerumque pilosis, spicis submoniliformibus breviori- bus, spiculis per paria oppositis oblongis vel lanceolato-oblongis, gluma superiore longiaristata dorso convexa minute pubescente differt. Gramen perenne, usque ad 60 cm. altum. Culmi e basi longa pro- cumbente ascendentes vel suberecti et laxe caespitosi, compressi, rigidiusculi, ramosi, 4-6-nodes, glabri vel internodio supremo pilosi, laeves vel nodos versus minute scaberuli. Folia pilis debilibus e tuberculis minutis ortis laxe vel sparse pilosa vel fere glabra ; vaginae laxae, tenues, internodiis breviores, compressae et carinatae, minute scaberulae ; ligulae truncatae, brevissimae ; laminae lineares, tenuiter acutae, usque ad 18 cm. longae et 5 mm. latae, planae vel siccitate convolutae, tenues, subglaucae, leviter scaberulae. Spica submonili- formis, gracilis, 2-4*5 cm. longa (aristis inclusis), viridis ; rhacbis articulata, internodiis valde compressis 5-6*5 mm. longis circiter 2 ram. latis et 0*75 mm. crassis, lateribus canaliculatis minute pubescentibus. Spiculae per paria oppositae (spicula terminali excepta), uni florae ; callus minute et dense pubescens. Gluma inferior in spicula terminali glumae superiori similis, in spiculis lateralibus nulla ; gluma superior oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga, acuminata, 5-6 mm. longa, apice in aristam 1—1*7 cm. longam scaberulam products, dorso leviter convexa, minute et dense pubescens, coriacea, arete multinervis. Anthoecium ellipticum : rhachilla products, anthoecium rudimentarium gerens : lemma ovato-ellipticum et obtusum vel minute truncatum (explanatum), 4-4*3 mm. longum, 3-nerve, membranaceum, inter nervos laterales et margines et apicem versus minute pubescens ; palea o ) longa, obtusa, lemma subaequans, 2-nervis, carinis superne ciliolatis; antlierae 2 mm. longae. Queensland. Cook District: Thursday Island, April 1931, Hoc kings. tour species of Lepturus are now recorded from Australia. They are the following : 1. Lepturus geminatus C. E. Hubbard ; 2. L. repens 2 (Forst.) R.Br. (Northern Australia, Queensland, Polynesia, Malaya, Ceylon, Mascarene Islands and East Africa ; on sea-shores) ; 3. L. xero- philus Domin (Queensland ; Cook District) ; 4. L. cylindricus (Willd.) Trin. (Mediterranean Region ; introduced into Australia, South Africa, North America, etc.). Lepturus incurvatus (L.) Trin. (Benth. FI. Austral, vii. 668) is now referred to the genus Pholiurus. The following key is given to assist in identifying the Australian species : — Spikelets paired and opposite on each internode of the rhachis ; spikes constricted between the pairs of spikelets ; upper glume long-awned (awn 10-17 mm. long), minutely pubescent . 1. L. geminaius. Spikelets usually solitary or most of them solitary on each intemode of the rhachis ; spikes more or less cylindrical ; upper glume tapering into an awn up to 8 mm. long, or awnless, scaberulous or smooth : Perennial ; upper glume lanceolate, acuminate, usually awned : Spikelets usually 1 -flowered ; upper glume 6-14 mm. long ; lemma 4*5-5 mm. long; leaf-blades up to 20 cm. long and 4-10 mm. wide; spikes 5-15 cm. long, very stiff and rigid . . . 2. L. repens. Spikelets 2-flowered ; upper glume 4-6 mm. long ; lemmas 2*8-3 mm. long ; leaf-blades 2* 5-5 cm. long and 3*5-5 mm. wide ; spikes 5-7 cm. long, becoming flexuous . 3. L. xerophilus. Annual ; upper glume lanceolate-oblong, acute, awnless, 4-7 mm. long ; spikelets 1 -flowered . 4. L. cylindricus. The most interesting morphological feature of L. geminaius is the presence of two spikelets on each intemode of the rhachis. In the other species of Lepturus the spikelets are usually solitary, but examples with two spikelets to each intemode are occasionally seen in specimens of L. cylhidricus and L. repens. In such cases the paired spikelets usually occur in the lower or middle portion of the larger spikes, whilst in the upper part of the spike, and on smaller spikes, the spikelets are solitary. The presence of paired spikelets in these species appears to be unusual, whereas in L. geminaius it is quite nofmal. C. E. Hubbard. FlO. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, pair of spikelets and intemode of rhachis, x 4 ; 3, intemode of rhachis, x 6 ; 4, terminal spikelet, x 6 ; 5, upper glume from inside, x 6 ; 6, floret, x 6 ; 7, lemma, opened out, x 6 ; 8, palea, x 6 ; 9, lodi- cules, x 18. C J£Sf S.R-C. Tabula 3234. SORGHUM DIMIDIATUM Staff . Gramineae. Tribus Andropogoneae. S. dimidiatum Staff in Prain, FI. Trop. Afr. ix. 140 (1917) ; Massey, Sudan Grasses, 16 (1926) ; Broun et Massey, FI. Sudan, 446 (1929) ; affine S. purpureo-sericeo (Hochst.) Aschers. et Schweinf., a quo spiculis plerumque paullo minoribus, gluma inferiore spiculae sessilis infra medium demum incrassata et eartilaginea supra medium abrupte multo tenuiore et plus minusve ehartacea differt. Gramm annuum, fasciculatum vel solitarium, usque ad 1 -5 m. altum. Culmi erecti vel basi geniculati et e nodo infimo radicantes, graciles vel validi, teretes, simplices vel ramosi, 3-7-nodes, “ nodis vaginarum 99 pilis albidis patulis usque ad 6 mm. longis dense barbatis, ceterum glabri laevesque. Foliorum vaginae internodiis demum breviores, teretes, ore barbatae, marginibus ciliatae, ceterum glabrae vel in- feriores plerumque superne pilis e tubereulis ortis pilosae ; ligulae brevissimae, membranaceae, glabrae ; laminae lineares, in apicem tenuissimum longe attenuatae, usque ad 40 cm. (vel ultra) longae et 1 cm. latae, planae, virides, pone ligulam pilis longis pilosae, ceterum pubescentes, marginibus scaberulis, costa media supra lata et albida. Panicula anguste lanceolata vel anguste lanceolato-oblonga, 6-25 cm. longa, contracta ; rhachis gracilis, laevis vel scabrida, nodis plerumque pilosis exceptis glabra ; rami filiformes, verticillati, simplices, erecti, glabri, fere laeves vel scaberuli, inferiores usque ad 7*5 cm. longi. Racemi usque ad 5-nodes ; internodia (“ articuli ”) usque ad 5 mm. longa, pilis rubellis vel pallidis dense ciliata ; pedicelli internodiis similes. Spiculae sessiles lanceolatae vel anguste elliptico-lanceolatae, subacuminatae, 7-9 mm. longae ; callus dense barbatus. Gluma inferior 8-14-nervis, infra medium primum carnosa et pallide viridis, demum incrassata et eartilaginea, nitens, glabra, rubro-fusea vel atro- fusca, supra medium valde abrupte et conspicue tenuior, plus minusve ehartacea, pallide viridis, dorso glabra, carinis rigide ciliata, ad margines pins erectis pilosa ; gluma superior inferiori subsimilis et subaequi longa ' c‘d paullo angustior et supra medium (saepius gradatim) tenuior et pubescens, 5-7-nervis. Lemma anthoecii inferi (explanatum) ovatuiA, minute truncatum, 6-7*5 mm. longum, tenuiter membranaceum, marginibus hyalinis supra basin molliter ciliatis, 2-nerve. Lemma anthoecii superi (explanatum) late ellipticum, bilobum, usque ad 3 mm. 2 longum, hyalinum, supra medium ciliatum, 3-nerve ; arista gracilis, geniculata, usque ad 4 cm. longa, columna atrofusca, seta pallida ; palea hyalina, usque ad 1 *5 mm. longa, vel nulla ; lodiculae truncatae, apice dense ciliatae ; antherae usque ad 4 mm. longae ; caryopsis anguste ovoidea, dorso compressa, 4*5-5 mm. longa. Spiculae pedi- cellatae vel steriles, anguste lanceolatae vel anguste ellipticae, acutae, 6-8 mm. longae, pallide virides vel purpureae ; callus barbatus. Glumae firme membranaceae, minute pubescentes ; inferior 7-11-nervis; superior 5-7-nervis. Lemmata (explanata) lanceolata, tenuiter mem- branacea, ciliolata ; inferum obtusum, 2-nerve ; superum minute bilobum vel integrum et acuminatum, 1-nerve ; palea nulla. Sudan. Fung Province, Punter ; without precise locality, Broun (type) ; cultivated at Isleworth, Middlesex, from seed communicated by the Director of Agriculture and Forests , Khartoum (type of t. 3234, fig. 1 ) . When describing this species, Stapf suggested that it was perhaps a hybrid between Sorghum versicolor Anderss. and some cultivated Sorghum , but as S. versicolor has not been found in the Sudan, it is very probable that he intended to write Sorghum purpureo-sericeum Aschers. et Schweinf. The latter is a closely allied species which has been recorded from the Sudan, and which, according to Massey (Sudan Grasses, 16), has been collected in the same locality as Sorghum dimidi - alum Stapf (Fung Province ; Jongol’s Port). Mr. A. W. Punter, how¬ ever, who has had considerable experience with Sudanese Sorghums, informs us that S. dimidiatum does not grow in association with any other wild or cultivated Sorghum. In a note on these grasses he states that S . purpureo-sericeum is found over a wide area east of the Blue Nile up to the Abyssinian frontier, but that he has not seen it west of the Blue Nile. On the other hand, he has only found S. dimidiatum west of the Blue Nile and between the Blue and W hite Niles, where it occurs as far north as lat. 13° 30' N. in the Jebel Moya District of the Blue Nile Province and as far south as lat. 10° N« In this area it is fairly common on the open cotton-soil plains. An opportunity to grow S. dimidiatum occurred when seed of that species was communicated to Kew in October 1932 by the Department of Agriculture and Forests, Khartoum. A small quantity sown in the open in 1933 germinated readily and during the warm summer months produced plants about 3 ft. high, but only a few developed exserted panicles before being killed by cold weather. These plants had all the characters exhibited in the type-specimen and showed no signs of hybridization with any other species. This confirmed the results obtained by Punter at the Gezira Research Station in 1930, where he raised plants from seed which grew true to type. Prof. C. L. Huskins has kindly supplied the following note on the chromosome numbers of S. dimidiatum and allied species. “ Sorghum dimidiatum in common with S. versicolor and S. purpureo-sericeum has 2n = 10 chromosomes. All the species of grain sorghums so far 3 examined have 20 chromosomes, as have the grass sorghums S. vir- gaium , S. verticillijloruni , S. Vogdianum , S. lanceolatum , $. arundi- naceum and $. sudanense (see Huskins and Smith in Journ. Genetics, xxv. 241-249 : 1932, et J.c. xxviii. 387-395 : 1934), while £. lmlepense has 40 chromosomes. Longley (Journ. Agric. Res. xliv. 317-321 : 1932) reports 20 chromosomes in S. Drutnmondii and S. Hewisonii , and 40 in S. purpureo-sericeum . The origin of his material is not stated. Dr. L. J. Stadler in a recent personal communication states that young plants of Longley s 40-chromosome S. purpureo-sericeum look quite different from those of the 10-chromosome S. purpureo-sericeum obtained from Kew. The chromosomes of the 10-chromosome species are much larger than those of the 20-chromosome group and of very different shapes. Further detailed studies are necessary, but it appears highly improbable that the relationship of these two groups is a simple polyploid one, as it apparently is between the 20- and 40-chromosome grass sorghums. The 10-chromosome sorghums appear to constitute a closely inter-related group very distinct cytologically from the remainder of the genus.” It should be noted that the seeds from which Prof. Huskins raised his plants of S. dimidiatum and S. purpureo- sericeum were compared at Kew with type-material of these species and found to be correctly named. The plants of S. dimidiatum referred to in the preceding paragraph were raised from the same sample of seed. Thus there is no evidence to support the suggestion, made by Stapf, of a hybrid origin for S. dimidiatum . The differentiation of the lower glume of the sessile spikelets into a thick dark-coloured lower half and then abruptly into a thin pale upper half is most striking and gives the inflorescence a variegated appearance. The reason for this peculiar modification is not obvious. There is no doubt that it affords considerable protection to the grain during its development and also at maturity, but less than is the case with many other species of Sorghum in which the lower glume is wholly coriaceous. Sorghum dimidiatum belongs to a group of about 8 to 10 annual and perennial species, of which the area of distribution extends from Northern Transvaal to Sudan, through India to China, the Malayan Region and Australia. This group is distinguished from the remainder of the section Eu-Sorghum (sensu Stapf) by the bearded nodes, the simple branches of the panicle and the brownish spikelets. The three species hitherto examined cytologically have 10 chromosomes (see above). — C. E. Hubbard. Fig. 1, an entire plant, natural sizt ; 2, a pair of spikelets, x 4 ; 3, pedicel, x 4 ; 4-14, details of sessile spikelet : — 4, lower glume, from inside, x 4 ; 5, transverse section of lower half of same, x 8 ; 0, longitudinal section of same, x 8; 7, upper glume, x 4 ; 8, lower lemma, x 5 ; 1), upper palea, x 7 ; 10, upper lemma, x 7 ; 11, lodicules, x 12; 12, tlower, without the lodicules, x 8; 13, caryopsis, x 4; 14, transverse section of caryopsis, x 4 ; 15-21, details of pedicelled spikelet : — 15, lower glume, from outside, x 4 ; 16, the same from inside, x 4 ; 17, transverse section of same, x 4; 18, upper glume (flattened), x 4; 19, lower lemma, x 4; 20, upper lemma, x 4 ; 21, apex of same, x 12. 3235 Tabula 3235. BOTRYCHIUM CHAMAECONIUM Bitt. et Hieron. Oph iogloss aceae . B. chamaeconium Bitt. et Hieron. ex Bitter in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. i. Abt. 4, 471 (1900) ; F. K. Butters in Rhodora xix. 216 (1917) ; arete affine B. lanuginospe Hk. et Grev., sed minus, gracilius, folio fertili sterilem superante, stipite fertili e basi laminae sterilis orto. Filix £-28 cm. alta. Radices numerosae, validae, funiformes, statu vivo verisimiliter carnosae. Petiolus communis 5-12 cm. longus, praecipue basin versus pilis paucis albidis debilibus conspersus. Vagina stipularis demum castanea, plus minusve persistens. Gemma in petioli basi stipulari vaginante oinnino inclusa, dense albido-sericeo-pilosa. Lamina sterilis herbacea, ambitu late subdeltoidea vel pentagona, usque ad 18 cm. lata, bipinnata, pinnulis pinnatifidis, demum basi tripinnata, rhachibus anguste alatis ; segmenta ultima ambitu late elliptica usque ovata, valde lobata, lobis oblongis vel suboblongis, apice dentatis, dentibus ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acutis. Folium fertile e basi vel prope basin folii sterilis ortum, bi- vel tripinnatum usque ad 15 cm. longum, stipite usque ad 5 cm. longo. Sporangia sphaenca, pallide brunnea, usque ad 1*5 mm. diametro maturitate ad medium fissa, dimidiis late hiantibus subreflexis. Sporae pallide luteae, superficie leviter undulata, 35-40 p diametro. British Cameroons. Cameroons Mountain, Buea, 2200 m., in a gorge, in fissures of very steep rock slope, Preuss 1037. Uganda. Bulago District, Mount Elgon, Bugishu, 1970 m., moist soil over rocks, also seen at Butandiga, Aug. 1932, A. S. Thomas 350. Rotrychium chamaeconium was originally described in 1900 from «mmjwhat poor material collected on Cameroons Mountain by Preuss. 10 HI)ecies was unrepresented in the Kew Herbarium until quite ecently, when specimens were received from Mr. A. S. Thomas, a amst in the Department of Agriculture, Uganda, who collected em on the slopes of Mount Elgon at an altitude of 6500 feet. The ganda plants are much larger than those of the type-collection, probably as the result of more favourable environmental conditions, though in other respects they are similar. 2 A member of the B. virginianum group, B. chamaeconium finds its nearest ally in the Indian B. lanuginosum Hk. et Grev., to which it bears a strong resemblance. It may be readily distinguished by the characters given in the differential diagnosis. F. K. Butters has pointed out that B. virginianum and its allies have a typical boreal distribution, the tropical members having travelled down from the north. There is no evidence, however, that such has been the case in B. chamaeconium. It seems unlikely that the species is restricted to these two localities in tropical Africa. Only in the mature fruiting condition can it be said to be at all conspicuous, while in the early stages it might readily be taken for the leaf of a young umbellifer. Its presence on other mountain masses in tropical Africa will no doubt be demonstrated in course of time. — F. Ballard. Fig. 1, upper part of plant, natural size ; 2, lower part of plant, natural size ; 2a, sheathing base opened to show the enclosed bud, x 2 ; 3, portion of the sporangiophore from the front, x 4 ; 4, portion of sporangiophore from the back, x 4 ; 5, group of dehisced sporangia, x 4 ; 6, 6a, spores from the Uganda plant, and 7, 7a, spores from the Cameroons plant, x 400. <3236 Tabula 3236. CYNORCHIS PARVA Summerhayes. Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. C. parva Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1932, 338 ; statura parva, racemis 1-2-floris, labelli forma, calcari quam labellum circiter duplo longiore valde distincta. Herba terrestris, parva, usque 15 cm. alta. Tubera cylindrico-ellip- soidea, circiter 1 cm. longa. Folia radicalia, 3-5, late linearia vel anguste lanceolata, acuta, plus minusve recurvata, 1-2*5 cm. longa, 2-4 mm. lata. Scapus erectus, gracilis, apice 1-2-florus, saepissime infra medium cataphyllo singulo lanceolato acuminato instructus ; bracteae lanceolatae, acuminatae, 4-8 mm. longae, ovario pedicellato multo breviores. Flores erecti, partim virides, partim albi ; pedicellus cum ovario 1*3-2 *7 cm. longus. Sepalum intermedium erectum ovatum, acutum, 4-5*5 mm. longum, 2*75-4*5 mm. latum; sepala lateralia patentia, oblique lanceolato-ovata, acuta, 5-6*5 mm. longa 2 *5-3 *5 mm. lata. Petala lineari-ligulata, acuta, leviter incurvata’ 3*5-0 mm. longa, 0*7-1 mm. lata. Labellum album, trilobum, ambitu obtriangulare ; pars basalis indivisa, 1*6-2 *5 mm. longa ; lobus inter- medius e basi angusta plus minusve subito dilatatus, fere flabellatus apice obcordatus apiculo interjecto, 4-6 mm. longus, 4-5 mm. latus : obi laterales lmean-oblongi vel ligulati, obtusi vel subacuti, basi a obo intermedio angulo 45° divergentes, 4*5-6*5 mm. longi, 1-1*6 mm. lati ; calcar dependens, cylindricum, dimidio inferiore paullo inflatum, subacutum, 11-16 mm. longum. Anthera erecta, apice rotundata, 1*6-2 *5 mm. alta, canalibus leviter incurvatis 1-1*5 mm. longis. Stigmata crassa, apice clavato-truncata, 1*5-1 *8 mm. longa, latere superiore per duos trientes inferiores rostelli lobis lateralibus adnata ; rostelli lobus intermedius triangulari-dentiformis, brevis vel brevis- simus. Crunch Guinea. Timbo, July 1907, Pobeguin 1692. y <>KrHERN Nigeria. Vom, Bauchi Plateau, 900-1350 m., Dent ^a^ns ^et,ween Hepham and Ropp, 1380 m., July 1921, ( 1/ ol ; Bauchi Plateau, grass plains, June 1930, Lely P337 (type) ; exact locality,* Nelson 9. hitish Cameroons. Bamenda District, Bum, in grassland among boulders, 1200 m., May and June 1931, Maitland 1398, 1669. 2 This species has the distinction of being the most westerly member of the genus, only two others occurring in West Africa, namely, C. debilis Summerhayes, which is found on the Cameroons Mountain, and C. Barlaeae Schlechter, a native of Angola. The other Tropical African representatives of Cynorchis occur in East Africa, particularly Tanga¬ nyika Territory, while the majority of the species inhabit Madagascar. It is interesting to find that a species so far from the centre of distribu¬ tion of the genus possesses such a striking combination of characters as does C. parva. These consist of the dwarf habit, the few-flowered inflorescences, the labellum with its large cuneate-flabellate central lobe and ligulate side-lobes, and the long spur. I have not yet been able to find any other Cynorchis which seems at all closely allied to C. jparva , although different species approach it in single characters. V. S. Summerhayes. Figs. 1 and la, flowering plants (tubers missing in la), natural size ; 2, flower, x 2 * 3 column, side view, x 6 ; 4, column, rostellum arms spread out, front view*, x 6 : — A, anther ; Lab, base of labellum ; R, rostellum ; St, stigma. 3237 Tabula 3237. HABENARIA TWEEDIEAE Summerhayes. Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. H. Tweedieae Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1933, 248 ; affims H. cultri - formi Kraenzl. et H. incomptae KraenzL, a quibus sepalis lateralibus semi-ovatis vel semi-orbicularibus subacutis nec lateraliter apiculatis, sepalo intermedio longiore, petali partitione postica baud fimbriata, partitione antica basi haud subito dilatata, rostelli lobo intermedio antheram bene superante differt. Herba terrestris, robusta, erecta, 45-70 cm. alta ; tuber elongato- ovoideum, 4 cm. longum, ultra 1 cm. diametro. Caulis teres, basi cataphyllis paucis instructus, 6-8-foliatus. Folia lanceolata, acuminata, basi vaginantia, intermedia usque 27 cm. longa et 7 cm. lata, sursum sensim decrescentia in bracteas abeuntia. Racemus 15-30 cm. longus, circiter 5 cm. diametro, subdense multiflorus ; bracteae lanceolatae, acuminatae, ovarium pedicellatum subaequantes vel paullo superantes, extra et praesertim marginibus glanduloso-ciliatae et pubescentes. ^ lores suberecti, partim virides partim albi ; ovarium pedicellatum, 2*5-4 cm. longum. Sepalum intermedium ovatum, acutum, carinato- concavum, 5 • 5-7 mm. longum, 2 • 5-4 mm. latum, extra sparse pubescens, carina et nervis praesertim basi scabridulis ; sepala lateralia serni- ovata vel semi-orbicularia, margine anteriore valde dilatata, oblique obtuse acuminata vel cuspidata, &-10 mm. longa, 5-6*5 mm. lata, extra sparse pubescentia. Petala bipartita ; partitio posterior ligulata, subacuta, 6-6*5 mm. longa, 0*7-1 *5 mm. lata, papilloso-puberula ; partitio anterior multo major, subfalcatim lanceolato-cultriformis, obtusa, 10-11 mm. longa, basin versus 1 *8-2*5 mm. lata, papilloso- puberula. Labellum ex ungue circiter 1 mm. longo tripartitum ; par¬ titio intermedia linearis, obtusa, 10-12 mm. longa, 0*8-1 *4 mm. lata, subcarnosa ; partitiones laterales anguste lineares, 5-6*5 mm. longae, 1*3-0 *5 mm. latae ; calcar dependens, dimidio inferiore cylindricum, apice clavato-inflatum, obtusum, circiter 2*5 cm. longum. Anthera su )(ieclinata> 2*5-3 mm. alta, obtusa, canalibus apice leviter incurvatis 1 longis ; staminodia biloba. Brachia stigmatifera crassa, avata, 3*5-5 mm. longa, antherae canales aequantia vel paullo excedentia. Rostelli lobus intermedius ligulatus, apice triangulari- acutus, 2 • 5-3 • 2 mm. longus, antheram bene superans ; lobi laterales ab intermedio angulo recto divergentes. 2 Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 2010 m., Nov. 1931, Mrs. Tweedie 25 (type). Nandi District, 1800 m., Nov. 1898, Whyte. Uganda. Mt. Elgon, Butandiga, on rocky knoll, 2100 ra., in fruit, Jan. 1918, Dummer 3646. Ruwenzori, 2100 in., Dawe 670a. Toro, Ibonde, 2250 m., Oct. 1932, Thomas 774. The section Cultratae Kraenzl., which seems to be entirely African, remains rather ill-defined. On the whole the species show a close re¬ semblance to many of those belonging to section Bilabrellae Kraenzl., but usually have somewhat larger flowers. Perhaps the most character¬ istic feature of the group is the hairiness of the inflorescence, particularly the bracts, sepals and petals, but in this as in other respects there is great variability, certain of the species being little more hairy than some members of Bilabrellae. In H. Tweedieae and its immediate allies (II. cult rata A. Rich, and H. cultrifonnis Kraenzl.) the bracts have a more or less irregularly denticulate or almost spinulose margin as well as being hairy on the surface. In II. Tweedieae these hairs (both marginal and superficial) are mostly gland-tipped, a feature which recalls many species of Cynorchis but is decidedly uncommon in Habenaria . Another important characteristic of the section is the relatively long middle lobe of the rostellum which in several species projects above the apex of the anther and is strongly developed in H. Tweedieae (fig. 4). This feature is also found in H. longirostris Sum merh ayes (t. 3211), which, however, differs considerably in other respects. So far as can be ascertained, II. Tweedieae is the first member of the Cultratae to be discovered in Kenya or Uganda, the great majority of the species being inhabitants of Abyssinia, while one or two others (perhaps rather doubtfully referable to the section) have been re¬ corded from Central Africa. From the data available it appears that II. Tweedieae occurs on most of the mountains of Uganda and Western Kenya at altitudes of about 2000 m., but more, records are required to enable us to state its detailed distribution. — V. S. Summerhayes. Fig. 1, lower part of a plant (Dawe 670a), x } ; 2, inflorescence from another plant (Tweedie 25), x § ; 3, portion of bract, to show margin, x 6 ; 4, a single flower with one anterior petal-lobe turned down, x 2 ; 5, rostellum (spread out), x 3. Tabula 3238. PLATYCOBYNE MEGALOBRHYNCHA Summerhayes. Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. P. megalorrhyncha Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1933, 250 ; affinis P. tenuieauli Rolfe, a qua caule magis foliato, floribus minoribus, anthera obtusa nec longe apiculata canalibus brevioribus, brachiis stigmatiferis apice ovato-dilatatis antherae canales excedentibus, rostelli lobo intermedio antheram bene superante differt. Herba terrestris, gracilis, omnino glabra, 20-30 cm. alta. Caulis foliatus, erectus, teres, basi cataphyllis paucis acutis vaginantibus instructus. Folia lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, acutissima, basi caulem amplectentia, usque 5 cm. longa et 9 mm. lata, superiora minora. Racemus 3-4 cm. longus, circiter 2 cm. diametro, dense 6-7-florus ; bracteae lanceolatae, subaristato-acuminatae, ovario pedicellato saepius breviorcs, usque 2 cm. longae. Flores suberecti, ovario pedicellato cir¬ citer 1 -7 cm. longo. Sepalum intermedium ovatum, acutum, carinato- concavum, 7 mm. longum, 4*5 mm. latum; sepala lateralia oblique oblongo-lanceolata, subacuta, 7*5 mm. longa, 2-5 mm. lata. Petala e basi latiore falcatim ligulata, acuta, 6*5 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata. Labellwn simplex, anguste linguiforme, carnosum, marginibus recurvatis, 6-5 mm. longum, 1-3 mm. latum (explanatum) ; calcar dependens, cylindricum, dimidio superiore clavato-inflatum, obtusum, 1*4 cm. longum. Anthera erecta, obtusa, 3*5 mm. alta, canalibus porrectis crassiusculis 2*5 mm. longis. Braehia stigmatifera crassa, apice ovata vel spathulato-ovata dilatata, 2*5 mm. longa, antherae canales paullo excedentia. Rostelli lobus intermedius e basi latiore oblongo-lanceo- atus, acutus, 2*4 mm. longus, 1-2 mm. latus ; lobi laterales basi atissimi, ab intermedio sinu lato rotundato sejuncti. 1 <£'"**** Nigeria. Bamenda District, Fougom, in boggy ground, UDU m., April 1931, Maitland 1509 (type). In habit and general floral structure this species is a very ordinary em Jt r genus. It is unique, on the other hand, in possessing an enormous middle lobe of the rostellum, overtopping the column, and a mg the latter appear quite insignificant. In this and some other 8pecie8 with a relatively large rostellum placed in front of and more or 2 less separated from the anther, the same evolutionary trend is seen as in the genus Bonatea where, however, the rostellum is more or less cucullate. Both Platycoryne and Bonatea are considered by some taxonomists to be merely sections of the large and polymorphic genus Iiabenaria ; each may be separated generically because the species referred to it exhibit, to varying degrees, correlated modifications in particular direc¬ tions resulting in a readily recognized assemblage of characters. In Platycoryne the species show considerable diversity in certain features, some of which are paralleled in various sections of Habenaria. There is, nevertheless, no doubt as to whether any given species should be referred to Platycoryne or Habenaria in spite of the paucity of exact differential characters. — V. S. Summerhayes. Fig. 1, flowering plant, natural size ; 2, flower, lateral view, x 3 ; 3, petal, x 4 ; 4, column, lateral view, x 6 ; 5, stigma, from inside, x 12 ; 6, rostellum, spread out, x 6 : — A, anther ; R, rostellum ; S, staminode ; St, stigmata ; V, viscidia. cJJ’cT? Tabula 3239. PLA.TYCOB.YNE AMBIGUA (Kraenzl.) Summerhayes. Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. P. ambigua {Kraenzl.) Summerhayes , comb. nov. Habenaria ambigua Kraenzl. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 175 (1900). Affinis P. tenuicauli Rolfe, a qua sepalo intermedio longiore angustiore subfalcato-incurvato, sepalis lateralibus angustioribus, labello longiore, anthera mutica, rostelli lobis latioribus differt. Herba perennis, paludicola, usque ad 40 cm. alta ; tubera ellipsoidea, circiter 1 cm. longa. Caulis erectus, gracilis, leviter flexuosus, basi cataphyllis vaginantibus 1 vel 2 instructus, trientibus duobus inferioribus 4-5-foliatus. Folia linearia vel lineari-lanceolata, basi dilatata vaginantia, apice acuminata, usque ad 14 cm. longa et 9 mm. lata, suberecta vel adscendentia. Inflorescentiae simpliciter race- mosae, subdense 3-8-florae, 5-10 cm. longae ; bracteae foliaceae, lanceolatae, acuminatae, infima usque ad 4 cm. longa, ceteris minoribus ovario pedicellato saepius brevioribus. Flores suberecti, flavidi, ovario pedicellato 1*5-2 *5 cm. longo. Sepalum intermedium lanceo- latum vel lanceolato-ovatum, acuminatum, valde concavum, subfalcato- incurvatum, circiter 15 mm. longum, 6-7 mm. latum ; sepala lateralia deflexa, oblique oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, apice leviter carinata, 14 mm. longa, circiter 2*5 mm. lata. Petala linearia vel lineari- lanceolata, acuta, 13-15 mm. longa, 1*3 mm. lata, ad sepalum inter¬ medium agglutinata. Labellum simplex, lineare, obtusum, saepius incurvatum, 13-14 mm. longum, 1*5 mm. latum, marginibus recurvatis ; calcar dependens, apice clavato-inflatum, 15 mm. longum. Anthera cir¬ citer 6 mm. alta, mutica, loculis parallelis, canalibus leviter incurvatis, 4*5 mm. longis. Brachia stigmatifera apice dilatata, ovata, convexa, mm. longa, 2 mm. lata (explanata) ; rostelli lobus intermedius °’ong0-lanceolatus, acutus, apice incurvatus, 3 mm. longus, lobi a era*es oblique triangulares, truncati. Tanganyika Territory. Uhehe, Wem, in open Bush, in damp depression, 1600 m., Feb. 1899, Goetze 700 (type). Msalala, Hanning - Ion Manyoni District, Kazikazi, in seasonally-wet bog in drainage valley, 1260 m., March 1933, Burtt 4621. 2 A striking member of the genus, easily recognized by the long narrow leaves and the long narrow perianth members, of which the dorsal sepal somewhat resembles a scimitar in lateral view. The species is probably allied to P. tenuicaulis Rolfe, which comes from the same region but has smaller flowers with broader parts and a long apiculus to the column. In P. ambigua the rostellum is in front of and quite separated from the anther, but it is relatively much smaller than in P. megalorrhyncha Summerhayes, figured in tab. 3238. V. S. Summerhayes. Fig. 1, flowering plant, natural size; 2, flower, lateral view, x 2 ; 3, column, lateral view, x 4 ; 4, rostellum, spread out, x 4 : — A, anther ; Rm, rostellum, median lobe ; Rl, rostellum, lateral lobe ; St, stigma ; V, viscidium. Tabula 3240. SATYRIUM FIMBRIATUM Sumtnerhayes. Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. S. fimbriatum Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1932, 348 ; affinis S. mem - bfanaceo Sw. et S. principi Bolus, ab illo rostelli lobo intermedio triangulari acuto nec ampliatim semiorbiculari, ab hoc statura, foliis floribusque minoribus, colore florum, stigmate integro differt. Herba terrestris, usque 40 cm. alta ; tubera ovoidea, circiter 1 cm. longa. Folia 2, radicalia, humistrata, ovata vel suborbicularia, sub- acuta vel obtusa, 3-7 cm. longa, 2*5-7 cm. lata, ut videtur subcarnosa. Scapus erectus, teres, glaber, vaginis 3-5 lanceolatis acuminatis mem- branaceis subdistantibus instructus. Racemus cylindricus, 6-13 cm. longus, circiter 2*5 cm. diametro, subdense 5-18-florus ; bracteae lanceolatae vel elliptico-lanceolatae, acutae vel acuminatae, ovarium pedicel latum superantes, sub anthesi dimidio superiore recurvatae Sepalum intermedium ligulato-oblanceolatum, obtusum, 8-10 mm! longum, 2-2-5 mm. latum ; sepala lateralia curvatim oblongo-lanceo- lata, subacute, 8-11-5 mm. longa, 2-5-3 mm. lata; sepala omnia basi petal,* adnata. Petala elliptico-oblanceolata, subacuta, superne marginibus lacerato-fimbriata, 8-10-5 mm. longa, 2 -5-3-5 mm. lata. Labellum late ellipsoideum, leviter cucullatum, totum 9-5-12 mm. longum, mferne 6-7 mm. latum, in apicem suborbicularem ± reflexura marginibus lacerato-fimbriatis 3-5-4 mm. longum productum ; cal- cana gracilia, ovario ± parallela, cylindrica, circiter 3 cm. longa. Lolumm incurvata, 3-5 mm. longa ; labium stigmatiferum transverse oblongo-ellipticum, 1-5-2 nun. altum, 3-4 mm. latum ; rostellum basi quadra turn, lobis lateralibus brevissimis dentiformibus, lobo inter¬ medio triangulari acuto, totum rostellum 1-5-2 mm. longum, basi 1-25-2 mm. latum. 6 Jenya. (.QLQjfY- Kinangop Plateau, Aberdare Mts., lower slopes of 'n °Pen grassland close to forest edge, 2490 m., Honore 1877 H nvi * kltlangop, open land on grassy hillside, 2520 m., May 1932, Tinderet, Mrs . Maintoaring 1287. Cherangani, 1800- l a moiJune 1932, Tweedie 36, J ex-Blake 2129. Londiani, in grass¬ lands, 2340 m., July 1932, Graham 2879. T he section Eusatyrium of Satyrium is characterized by the possession 0 0110 or ^wo orbicular or broadly ovate radical leaves which are adpressed 2 closely to the ground rather in the manner of Plantago major L. on a lawn. These leaves are often fleshy and act as organs for water storage, being frequently exhausted by the rapid elongation of the spike before flowering and therefore either withered or partially so when the flowers are expanded. There are about a dozen species in the tropical parts of Africa and perhaps another twenty in South Africa, there is a considerable amount of variation in the size of the flowers and other characters, but on the whole the section is a fairly natural one. The species here figured is of especial interest because although it is restricted, so far as is known, to Kenya Colony, it possesses certain features in common with two species (S. membranaceum Sw. and S. princeps Bolus) which are natives of the Cape Province and are not known to occur in either Natal or the Transvaal. The chief feature is the finely fimbriate or almost lacerate margins of the petals and of the flattened apex of the lip, this being restricted to these three species. The Kenya species is a much smaller and more slender plant than its two relatives but in general respects resembles them very closely. The important differences are given in the differential diagnosis. S. fimbriatum is an inhabitant of grassland at and above 2000 m. in western Kenya Colony. It possesses rather pretty pink unscented flowers.— V. S. Summerhayes. Fio. 1, flowering plant, large leaf drawn upright to show shape, natural size ; 2, a single flower, x 2 ; 3, 4 and 5, gynostegium in front, three-quarter front, and back views, x6; 6, a pollinium with gland, x 8. I <5241 /Sc! / f f 7r ii Kr. ( 'J 1 1 hlli \ ' J ifii /,' S.R-C. Tabula 3241. IXORA HIPPOPERIFERA Bremekamp. Rubiaceae. Tribus Ixoreae. I. bippoperifera Bremekamp ; species nova, affinis I. laxiflorae Sm., I. anemodesmati K. Schum., I. viridijlorae K. Schum., I. nematopodae K. Schum., /. roseae K. Schum., I. longffpedunculatae De Wild., I. divaricatae Hutch, et Dalz., sed panicula angusta, floribus sessilibus ad apicem ramulorum brevium congestis ab his speciebus facile dis- tinguenda, parte basali foliorum sessilium in sacculos binos utroque latere costae hippoperarum instar dispositos mutata ab omnibus con- generibus hactenus cognitis conspicue diversa. Frutex glaber, ramis novellis praesertim parte superiore internodiorum bisulcatis. Folia sessilia, membranacea, oblanceolato-obovata, 20- 28 cm. longa, 7*5-10 cm. lata, apice acuminata, dimidio inferiore cuneata, ad basin tamen dilatata et utroque latere costam versus reduplicata, hoc modo pagina superiore sacculos binos formantia supra nitidula, subtus opaca, nervis utroque latere costae 10-12 subtus prominentibus, venulis sparsis ; stipulae late ovatae, arista longi- tudme partem basalem paullo superante munitae. Inflorescentia termjnalis, longe pedunculata, anguste paniculata ; pedunculus basi jugo foliorum parvorum 0*5-0*8 cm. longorum munitus, 10-16 cm. longus; ramuli paniculae breves, inferiores ab aliis 4 cm. remoti superiors ad apicem agglomerati ; ramuli secundarii brevissimi ; bracteae parvae, lineares ; bracteolae minutae, ovario multo breviores. * lores sessiles, ad apicem ramulorum fasciculati. Receptaculum ambitu cupulare 0*8 mm. altum. Calyx 1 mm. longus, lobis late tnangularibus tubo subaequilongis. Corollae tubus gracilis, 2 cm. longus, acn/mn^ametr°^ ^n^us S^^er ; lobi oblongi, 6 mm. longi, 2*5 mm. lati, 1b damenta 1*5 mm. longa ; antherae 4 mm. longae, apiculatae, parte c?^or^ae* Stylus glaber, usque ad 5*5 mm. exsertus, bifid i ' incrassata 2 *5 mm. longa, in lobis recurvaturos profunde rupa bisulcata, dipyrena, 8 mm. alta, 11 mm. lata. Cameroons. Bipinde, Zenker 4124 (flowering), 4841 (fruiting). t0^ saddlebags ” at the base of the leaf show a close resemblance le srnall bags found at the base of the leaves of Duroia saccifera 2 (Mart.) Hook. f. and Remijia physophora Benth., where the entrance, however, is at the lower side of the leaf. They suggest myrmecophily, but I must add that I have not found the ants. The presence of a pair of reduced leaves at the base of the peduncle is a peculiarity found in a large number of species ; it is doubtless of taxonomic importance, and is shown by all the species to which I have referred above. These plants resemble one another moreover in the considerable length of the peduncle of the more or less pendulous inflorescence and usually also in the colour of the flowers : these are white or greenish, except in I. rosea , where they are pink. The in¬ florescences are corymbose or paniculate, and their branchlets and pedicels are long and slender : in the new species, however, the branchlets are short, and the flowers sessile. They are all West- African. — C. E. B. Bremekamp. Fig. 1, upper part of branch, with inflorescence, x $ ; 2, longitudinal section of flower, x 3 ; 3, flower with corolla removed, x 12 ; 4, longitudinal section of same, x 12 ; 5, stamen, x 6 ; 6, upper part of stylo, x 12 ; 7, infructescence, natural size. Tabula 3242. PYGMAEOTHAMNUS CONCRESCENS Bullock. Rubiaceae. Tribus Vanguerieae. P. concrescens Bullock in Kew Bull. 1933, 471 ; a P. Zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns foliis oppositis, floribus multo majoribus facile distinguitur. Suffrutex nanus, erectus, 15-25 cm. altus ; caules annui, simplices, lignosi, glabri, e rhizomate subterraneo orti, internodiis 2-5(-7) cm. longis. Stipulae intus villosae, ceterum glabrae, longe subulatae, inferne in vaginam intrapetiolarem truncatam connatae, caudis acutis erectis usque 6*5 mm. longis. Folia opposita, glaberrima, leviter discoloria (subtus ut videtur glauca), elliptica vel anguste obovata apice acute cuspidata, basi in petiolum circiter 1 cm. longum sensim angustata, 8-10 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, inferne cataphyllaria, costa et nervis lateralibus (utrinque circiter 5) satis prominenti’bus rete venu- larum conspicuo. Flores albi, 5- vel saepe 6-meri, in cymas dichasiales axillarea pedunculatas circiter 10-15-floras dispositi ; pedunculi sub anthesni 2 cm. longi, satis crassi, statu fructifero usque 5 cm lonui et basin versus cum caule coaliti ; pedicelli crassi, 3 6 mm. longf- bracteae et bracteolae lmeares. Calyx glaber, campanulatus • tnhiw (rcceptaculo incluso) 4-5 nun. longus, apice 3 mm. diametro basin versus levitef puberulus ; lobi anguste triangulares, 4 mm. longi C 7 ‘ lat1’ aPice acuti. Corollae tubus subconico-cylindricus 5 ’mm ongus, usque 3-5 mm. diametro, intus circa medium pilis’ villosis leflexis annulatus ; lobi oblongi, subacuti, 5 mm. longi, mm. lati am„l!ataSUba . Fihmenta brevi8sima; basin versus mpliata , antherae alabastro circa stigma cohaerentes, sub anthesin 1 mm ’l anceo,atao- aP»ce acutae, basi subsagittatae, 2 mm. longae, solT;,- T,r"Ule h>’?lmae- 0varium 2-loculare ; ovula in loculis anmistae Pcnc “ a > st-v*us " mm- longus, apicem versus leviter diamotr U8 ’ • stlF ^ caPltatum, 2 mm. longum, circa medium 2 mm. unilociilnraplCei ^rwAus drupacei, carnosi, plerumque abortu es> subglobosi, usque 2 cm. diametro. ^r\ANGANYIKA Territory. Iringa Prov i lyroocl i f . “*£»**> "“u icaiucxy leaves, LUIIlIllUIl 8 Uud> fr- Aug. 1931, Mr. and Mrs. 11. E. Hornby 65. 2 The genus Pygmaeothamnus was established by Dr. Robyns (Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. xi. 29 : 1928) to accommodate four South African species, three of which had been previously described by various authors under the generic names Canthium , Plectronia , Vangueria , Fadogia and P achy stigma. Robyns admitted three varieties of P. Zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns, a species occurring in Angola, Belgian Congo and Rhodesia, as well as in South Africa, and one variety of P. Chamae - dendrum (0. Kuntze) Robyns. Some of the varieties had previously held specific rank. The chief difference between Pygmaeothamnus Robyns and Canthium Lam. (= Plectronia Auctt., non Linn.) given in Dr. Robyns’ “ Con¬ spectus generum ” ( l.c . 21), is in the inflorescence : — “ Flores solitarii vel in inflorescentias simplices haud ramosas dis- positi . Pygmaeothamnus etc. “Flores in umbellas vel plenunque in inflorescentias conspicuas ramosasque dispositi . Canthium etc.” A detailed examination of the African species of Canthium (Bullock in Kew Bull. 1932, 353-389) shows that the inflorescence is even more variable than Dr. Robyns* key suggests, and it is equally so in Pygmaeothamnus , which makes the separation of the two genera very difficult. It is nevertheless convenient to retain Pygmaeothamnus as a genus distinct from Canthium , the points of difference being briefly summarized as follows : — Arbores vel frutices erecti vel scandentes ; flores 4-5-meri ; drupae plus minusve globosae, lignosae vel rarius carnosae, saepe didymae . Canthium Suffruticesnani, erecti ; flores 5-6-meri ; drupae plus minusve obovoi- deae vel globosae, valde carnosae, haud didymae . Pygmaeothamnus The most striking feature of Pygmaeothamnus is the subherbaceous habit, which at once separates it from the climbing and erect shrubs and trees included in Canthium. Herbarium specimens of Pygmaeo¬ thamnus concrescens show a striking resemblance to those of Canthium crassum Hiern, which is a tree with fire-resisting bark, widely dis¬ tributed in the grasslands and deciduous forests of Tropical Africa (Bullock, l.c. 379). In texture, shape and venation the leaves are remarkably alike in the two species, whilst the inflorescence and flowers approximate very closely. The specific name concrescens refers to the union of the peduncle and main stem which becomes more marked in the fruiting stage. A. A. Bullock. Fia. 1, part of a plant, in the flowering stage, natural size flower, x 4 ; 3, part of corolla, from within, x 4 ; 4 and 5, transverse sections of ovary, x3; 6, stamen, abaxial view, infructescence, natural size. ; 2, hexanierous longitudinal and x 8 ; 7, part ot — i Tabula 3243. CROT All ARIA ANNUA Milne-Red head. Leguminosab. Tribus Genisteae. C. (Sphaerocarpae) annua Milne- Redhead ; species nova C. phyllo- stachyi Baker habitu et floribus similis sed fructu raajore polyspermo recedens. Herba annua, scopiformis, caule erecto usque 1 m. alto. Rami erecto-adscendentes, simplices, 25-50 cm. longi, virgati, ut caulis striati, dense crispule pilosi. Folia petiolata, trifoliolata, circiter 2 cm. longa, secundum caules dispersa, stipulata, stipulis minutissimis tomentosis caducis ; petioli adscendentes, 5-8 mm. longi, supra plani, parce tomentosi ; foliola sessilia, oblanceolata, apice acuta et longe mucronata, basi cuneata, usque 1*5 cm. longa et 4 mm. lata (lateralia minora), supra parcissime pilosa, subtus longe adpresse pilosa, costa et mucrone densius ; costa supra sulcata, subtus prominens * ’ nervi laterales utrinque inconspicui. Inflorescentiae longe racemosae caulem et ramos terminates, floribus solitariis vel paucis ex axillis fol.orum superiorum exortis, circiter 25 cm. longae, erectae, virgatae rhachibus dense crispule pilosis ; bracteae subulatae, 2-5 mm longae’ adpresse pilosae ; pedicelli erecti. circiter 5 mm. longi, densius induti’ bneus dd t 1 mra, ParCC tomentosus> intus gl^er ; tubus 3 mm. S 77 d rC'I- afe°la,ti‘1 acutl> 6 mm- l°ngi, basi 1-5 mm. lati o?na nm -8 rblCU) ire’ iT' <liametro- luteum> extra nervis rubris l°f “°ng*ei 12 mm- longae> a pice in versus 4 5 mm. latae, luteae ; canna infra medium rectangulata, apicem versus m rostrum rectum tortilem 10 mm. longum prolata, basin versus rotundata, 12 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, lutea. Stamina fertilia antheris ultra 1 mm. longis praedita ; stamina abortiva fertilibus 3 mm. longiora, in k ns \ aide redactis. Ovarium circiter 4 mm. longum, villosum, u is -20 , stylus circiter 10 mm. longus, basin versus angulatus, glob m Ve7SU8 Utnn^ue PilosU8> stigmate glabro. Leyumen oblongo- intno * mm* *on8um» ^ diametro, extra densiuscule pilosum, g a >rum ; semina 10-16, parva, 1 *5 mm. diametro. Northern Rhodesia. Solwezi District: on bared ground in racnystegia woodland at Solwezi, 5 June 1930, Milne-Redhead 422 rga e woody annual up to 1 m. high ; flowers yellow and red. 2 The available material of Crotalaria phyllostachys Baker is unfortu¬ nately lacking in the basal part of the stems and in the rootstock, but the upper portions so strongly resemble those of C. annua that one is led to expect that the former species is really an annual and not an undershrub as stated by Baker. In the flowering condition it is hard to distinguish these two species, but when in fruit they are easily separable, the legumes of C. phyllostachys being subglobose, about 4 mm. in length, and usually only 2-seeded, whilst C. annua has pods 7 mm. long, slightly less in diameter and containing up to 16 seeds. The pods of C. annua are almost identical with those of C. argyro - lobioides Baker, a species which, in the writer’s opinion, should be placed in the section Sphaerocarpae. Crotalaria annua was found growing on very hard dry ground in Brachystegia woodland, the turf of which had been removed a year or so previously. Associated with it were Crotalaria Jilicaulis Welw. ex Baker, C. Bequaertii E. G. Baker, Aster Eylesii (S. Moore) Milne- Redhead,* Eragrostis Chapelieri Nees, Melinis macrochaeta Stapf et Hubbard, and Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubbard (syn. R. roseum (Nees) Stapf et Hubbard). — E. Milne-Redhead. Fig. 1, upper part of plant, natural size ; 2, terminal leaflet showing upper surface, x 2 ; 3, terminal leaflet showing lower surface, x 2 ; 4, vexillum, anterior view, x 2 ; 5, ala, from outside, x 2; 6, carina, lateral view, x 2 ; 7, portion of androecium, seen from within, x 4 ; 8, gynoecium with calyx x 2 ; 9, upper part of style, x 4; 10, legume, natural size; 11, longitudinal section of legume showing placentation, natural size ; 12, seed, x 6. * Aster Eylesii (S. Moore ) Milne- Redhead, comb. nov. : Felicia Eylesii S. Moore in Journ. Bot. lxiv. 304 (1926). Tabula 3244. CROTA LABIA PRAECOX Milne -Redhead. Leouminosae. Tribus Genisteae. C. (Sphaerocarpae) praecox Mibie- Redhead ; species nova, peraflinis C. bicolorx I. M. Johnston, a qua rhizomate repente, foliolis latioribus et brevioribus differt. Herba perennis, rhizomate repente crasso. Caules valde numerosi erecti vel decumbentes, subsimplices, circiter 15 cm. longi, vetustiores longiores, minute sulcato-striati, puberuli vel parce canescenti- pubescentes, internodiis 5-15 mm. longis. Folia petiolata, trifoliolata stipulata, stipulis minutissimis caducis ; petioli adscendentes, 2-6 mm longi, supra late excavati, parce adpresse pubescentes ; foliola obovata vel oblanceolata, apice subacuta vel obtusa vel truncata, vix mucro- nulata, basin versus in petiolulum minutissimum tomentosum cuneata 3-10 mm long., 1-5-3-5 mm. 1.,., »„p„ gl.bra, ral„„T X* ’ pubescentes ; costa supra sulcata, subtus prorninula ; nervi Iaterale* utrinque mconspicui. Racemi terminales, densiusculi VeHaxl 1-9 cm !™gV rl,ache8 PllIS mmusve angulati, pubescentes ; bracteae lineares’ , 2 mm' lo^ac- pubescentes; pedicelli adscendentes 1-4 mm’ longi, parce adpresse pubescentes. Calyx 5-dentatus 1 mm elabrum TLmT m‘ latum- extra Pa™ pubescens, intus glabrum Iuteum purpureo-hneatum ; alae obovato-obloimae 6 mm Sndato aSir46’ ‘“T' P^pUreo'lineatae 5 marina infra ’medium m r°8trUm1.leVlter curvatum prolata, 6 mm. longa, 1 mm i ’ U ’ PurPureo-lmeata. Stamina fertilia antheris ultra valde ; Jg!S ; fiamina ab°rtiva Circiter 2 mm- longiora, antheris 2-3-ovnll 8: °?nT CirClter 2 mm' lon“unb parce pubescens, Leaumrn Um-i* 8t^!us ® mm* l°ngus, apicem versus utrinque ciliatus. 2-5 mn, 1se^slle> elhpsoideum, postice applanatum, 3-5 mm. longum, n> 1-2-spermum. Bracing ERN ^II0DESIA- Mwinilunga District : in open space in 1930 i ^^dland, after grass fire, near Matonchi Farm, 1 Sept, thick rl *l ne'^e^lca^ 1010 : — Perennial herb with running habit and shnn*0 UZorae ; flowers yellow with purple veinings ; old unburnt much longer than young flowering shoots. 2 C. praecox is one of the few perennial species belonging to the section Sphaerocarpae , and is very closely allied to the Angolan C. bicolor Johnston. It differs from C. bicolor , however, in possessing under¬ ground horizontal stems, from buds on which new plants develop, resulting in the production of colonies of the species by vegetative means. The plant figured was collected early in the season, when it flowers profusely. At a later date, probably during the rains, it pro¬ duces shoots considerably longer than those shown in the figure, but whether it bears flowers on these or whether they are just sterile leafy shoots is not known. The fruits develop and ripen very quickly, the plants being in fruit before the later flowers have opened. E. Milne-Redhead. Fig. 1, plant in flowering stage, natural size; 2, vexillum, x 4; 3, ala, from without, x 4 ; 4, carina, x 4 ; 5, androecium opened out, posterior view, x 4 ; 6, calyx and gynoecium, x 4 ; 7, gynoecium, x 4 ; 8, upper part of style with stigma, x 6 ; 9, portion of fruiting branch, x 2 ; 10, legume, opened showing seeds, x 4 ; 11, seed, x 8. J C J246 Tabula 3245. CROTALARIA STREPTORRHYNCHA Milne-Redhead. Leguminosae. Tribus Genisteae. C. (Sphaerocarpae) streptorrhyncha Milne-Redhead; species nova, a ceteris speciebus africanis hujus sectionis inflorescentiis densis sub- fasciculatis vel brevissime racemosis ex axillis petiolorum persistentium exortis differt. Herba annua, caule erecto simplici circiter 5 dm. alto plus minusve striato adpresse albo-pubescente basin versus puberulo vel glabro, internodiis 1-2 cm. longis. Stipidae minutissimae, adpresse albo- pubescentes. Folia petiolata, trifoliolata, 5-5*5 cm. longa ; petioli adscendentes, 1-5-2-5 cm. longi, supra profunde sulcati, p’arce ad¬ presse albo-pubescentes ; foliola oblongo-obovata, apice rotundata vel subtruncata, basin versus in petiolulum minutissimum attenuata 2-3 cm. longa, 9-11 mm. lata, supra glabra, subtus adpresse albo- pubescentes; costa supra letter sulcata, mconspicua, subtus prominula- nervi laterales supra valde inconspicui, subtus vix prominuli Inflores- centiae densae, brevissime racemosae vel subfasciculatae ex axillis petiolorum persistentium exortae • rhaches 2 3 mm l X u 8 itrr “t 4 1 £Si 4 mm. longae albo-pubescentes; pedicelli vix 2 mm. longi albo- 1 lescentes, bracteolae infra calyccm subulatae, 3 mm. longae" ' Calm adpresse al bo-pubescens. intus glaber; tubS 5 r o g S; dentes lanceolati vel ovato-lanceolati, acuminati, Hiigustior gFcr H 1 ’ P US minU8Ve imbricati> anticus ceteris baL vI', f f Um °bovatum’ aP‘cem versus truncato-rotundatum, superne nn ^ ^ c“eatum’ 9 mm- longum, 7 mm. latum, luteum, 9 mm lnnJ* ltMQ *?e<*lum versus pubescens ; alae obovato-oblongae, Medium * i mm’ ,ae* luteae> purpureo-lineatae ; carina infra tortilem V !” oUn aD?U ata’ aP^cem versus in rostrum rectum fertilia U f mm' ^on^a> ^*5 mm. lata, pallide lutea. Stamina primum for! rfnt i 8 - ^ mm* l°ng*8 instructa ; stamina abortiva 5, redactm m* 1 °US- ^viora, demum iis 2 mm. longiora, antheris valde subclabrn* nut.lsslmis P^nicillatis. Ovarium circiter 4 mm. longum, apicem ^ V° Pos^!ce sParse hirsutum ; stylus circiter 6 mm. longus, ^ersus utrinque bre viter pubescens. Legumen maturum ’ inunaturum sphaericum, ovulis 2. 2 Northern Rhodesia. Solwezi District : by path through Brachy- stegia woodland at Mutanda Bridge, 21 June 1930, Milne-Redhead 569 : — Erect annual with trifoliolate leaves and yellow flowers in axillary clusters. Only one specimen seen. Although fruits of this species are unknown, it seems safe to place it in the section Sphaerocarpae on account of its biovulate ovary. Within this section, however, it is not easy to find an affinity for it, as, on account of the fasciculate inflorescence in the axils of the old leaves, C. streptor¬ rhyncha does not fit into any of the eight subdivisions of the section used by E. G. Baker in his account of the African species of Crotalaria (Journ. Linn. Soc. xlii. 273). Amongst African Crotalariae , C. axillaris Dryand. alone has a somewhat similar habit, but it is a member of the section Eucrotalaria , and is not nearly related to C. streptorrhyncha. A feature well shown in this Crotalaria is that the filaments of the small-anthered stamens continue to lengthen after those bearing the large anthers have reached their full length. If a bud or young flower is examined, the former set will be found to be shorter than those bearing the larger anthers, whilst in an old flower they will have grown out to nearly double their length. The small anthers are penicillate-hairy, and it is possible that they help to brush the pollen up towards the stigma and out at the end of the keel when they grow up past the dehiscing fertile anthers, which are situated considerably below the stigma within the beak of the keel. In one of the flowers examined six fertile stamens were present (fig. 6). The twisting of the beak of the keel is very noticeable in this species, a character which is not in¬ frequent in certain sections of the genus, but which is seldom mentioned in descriptions. Crotalaria streptorrhyncha is another of the numerous annuals which are endemic in the great plateau area of southern tropical Africa, the flora of which is, at the present moment, very incompletely known. In this area the distribution of many of the annual species is remark¬ ably local. In the course of covering about 300 miles on foot in the Solwezi and Mwinilunga Districts of Northern Rhodesia, the writer found this plant only once, although one would expect it, as a weed of waste places, to be of frequent occurrence.— E. Milne-Redhead. Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, calyx, x 2; 3, vexillum, from within, x4; 4, ala. x 4 ; 5, carina, x 4 ; 6, staminal sheath from within, first stage, with one additional perfect stamen, x 4 ; 7, part of staminal sheath, later stage, with the filaments of the staminodes elongated, x 4 ; 8, antherode, x 16 ; 9, gynoecium, x 4 <3246 Tabula 3246. BOLUSIA RESUPINATA Milne- Red head. Leguminosae. Tribus Genisteae. B. resupinata Milne- Red head ; species nova, a B. amboensi (Schinz) Harms floribus resupinatis, carina basin versus incurva, caulibus et foliis albo-pilosis valde distincta. Herba perennis, usque 9 dm. alta. Caules erecti vel adscendentes, plus minusve ramosi, teretes, inconspicue striati, breviter albo-pilosi, demum glabrescentcs, foliosi ; internodia 1*5-3 cm. longa. Stipulae a petiolo liberae, conspicuae, foliosae, oblique ovatae, postice gibbosae, acute apiculatae, basi rotundatae vel subcordatae, usque 13 mm. longae et 8 mm. latae, albo-pilosae. Folia digitatim 3-foliolata, albo- pilosa ; petioli usque 9 mm. longi, teretes ; foliola oblanceolata, apice rotundata et conspicue apiculata, basi in petiolulum brevissimum attenuata, usque 3 cm. longa et 13 mm. lata, lateralia aliquanto minora ; costa utrinque prominula ; nervi laterales circiter 5, inconspicui>, exsiccando prominuli. Racerni axillares, abortu uniflori ; pedunculi l-2*o cm. longi, albo-pilosi ; bracteae lanceolatae, acutae, circiter 5 mm. longae et 1 mm. latae ; pedicellus 3-4 mm. longus, valde re- curvatus flore itaque inverso, basin versus bibracteolatus, parce albo- pilosus ; bracteolae lanceolatae, acutae, circiter 4 mm. longae. Calyx infundibuliformis, circiter 9 mm. longus ; lobi liberi, lanceolati, acuti, circiter o mm. longi, postici vexillo expanso valde recurvati ; calyx extra albo-pilosus, intus glaber. Vexillum alte cucullatum, apice pro- funde bifidum, basi unguiculatum, ungue 4 mm. longo valde (per 180°) recurvato et in basin conca^am vexilli valde adpresso, circiter 1 cm. ahum et 7 mm. diametro, postice extra medium versus albo-pilosum, ceterum glabrum. Aloe obovatae, basi in unguem valde angustatae, >asin versus auriculatae, auricula 2 mm. longa valde reflexa, circiter nmi longae et 6 mm. latae. Carina basin versus incurva, superne in cyclos tres spiraliter contorta, angustissima, circiter 5 cm. longa e y mrn- lata. Stamen vexillare a basi liberum, cetera connata ; sanunum longiorum antherae ovatae, minutae, filamenta circiter 1 ,).^m* l°nga, breviorum antherae lineari-lanceolatae, 1*5 mm. longae, la.Mtixae, filamenta usque 3 cm. longa; vagina medium versus circiter ' lx}- l°nga ; stamen vexillare anthera minuta ovata instructum. Wnutn sessile, circiter 5 ram. longum, multiovulatum ; stylus circiter 2 4-5 cm. longus, ut carina ter spiralitcr contortus, glaber ; stigma oblique terminale, dense barbatum. Legumen ut flos inversum, oblongum, apice styli basi persistente rostratum, turgidum, 2- valve, intus continuum. Semina rotundata, compressa, vix 4 mm. diametro, basi valde cordata, estrophiolata, funiculis filiformibus circiter 2 mm. longis. Northern Rhodesia. Mpika District : on poor white soil derived from quartzites and sandstones near the top of a rocky ridge, Musha Hills near Kanona on the Mpika-Broken Hill road, about 1700 m., 8 April 1932, St. Clair Thompson 1283 : — Erect herb up to 9 dm., but usually 6 dm. high ; petals yellow ; stamens and style enclosed in a spirally twisted envelope ; fairly frequent on ground incompletely colonized by herbs and grasses, growing with Anthephora acuminata Robyns, Cyperus sp. and Xyris sp. In the absence of flowers, this plant appears to be practically indis¬ tinguishable from the subsection Stipulosae of Crotalaria , section Eucrotalaria , for the legumes and seeds, although not quite mature in the available material, are remarkably similar to those of the latter genus, and their inversion might be thought to be accidental. How¬ ever, on examination of the flowers, one finds a number of very striking and taxonomically important distinctions. The keel petals are very long and narrow, and form a tube which is at first sharply bent upwards and backwards, as in Crotalaria , but is then coiled spirally into three complete turns. At the first bend of the keel there are two small out¬ wardly projecting prominences on to which the reflexed auricles of the two wing petals are hooked. The vexillary stamen is free, and ap¬ parently bears a small anther, although one was not actually seen attached to the filament in the flowers examined. The five long anthers are on short filaments, and the small anthers are on long filaments and reach to the end of the keel tube. The style follows the keel exactly, and is quite glabrous, the stigma alone being hairy. The deeply hooded standard, with a strongly reflexed claw which fits into the groove above it, has no parallel in Crotalaria. The inversion of the flowers — brought about by the bending backwards of the pedicel, so that the subtending bract appears above and behind the flower — is probably connected with the pollination mechanism. It was at first thought that this plant represented a new genus in the Genisteae , but investigation shows that it belongs to the small and little known genus Bolusia Benth., endemic in southern Africa, and hitherto placed in the Galegeae. Bolusia was based on B. capensis Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1163 (1873). Two additional species have since been described, but it is probable that B. rhodesiana Corbishle) will have to be reduced to B. amhoensis (Schinz) Harms. Although in many respects B. resupinata strongly resembles the other species, i differs from them in having its flowers inverted. However, the P°.sse® sion of an additional bend towards the base of the keel in B. re&upma 3 results in the spiral mechanism being in the same position relatively to the ground in all the species. The inflorescence is, by reduction, one- flowered, which makes it possible for the pedicels to bend backwards. After careful consideration I feel satisfied that the most natural position for Bolusia is in the Genisteae near Crotalaria , and not, as was suggested by Bentham, next to Sylitra in the Galegeae* In the Genisteae it is exceptional in having the vexillary stamen free, but it agrees in the unifoliolate or digitately trifoliolate leaves and in the dimorphic anthers. — E. Milne-Redhead. 1. flowering stem, natural size; 2, portion of fruiting branch, natural size ; 3, 4, vexillum, anterior and lateral views, x 2 ; 5, ala, from within, x 2 ; o, carina, lateral view, x 2 ; 7, androecium, natural size ; 8, gynoecium, lateral view, x 2 ; 9, stigma, x 12. i * key to Leguminosae in “The Flowering Plants of Africa ” Thonner placed Bolusia in the Genisteae. C 1247 Tabula 3247. EHADAMANTHUS UBANTHERUS R. A. Dyer. Liliaceae. Tribus Scilleae. R. urantherus R A. Dyer ; species nova, affinis R. convallarioidd Sal is b., a quo flonbus multo minonbus, antheris basi plus minusve caudatis, stylo brevissimo differt. Bulbus tunicatus, subglobosus, 1-5-3 cm. diametro, collo 0-5-1 cm longo, nonnunquam in duos bulbos divisus. Folia 2-8, filiformia teretia, acuta, recta vel superne curvata, 4-6 cm. longa, 0-5-0*75 mm' diametro, glabra. Scapus gracilis, simplex vel subsirnplex, 12-30 cm altus, minutissime puberulus, statu aphyllo editus. Flores 12-20 in racemum terminalem 3-12 cm. longum dispositi ; bracteae inferiors 1-1-75 mm. longae, glabrae, basi infra insertionem in calcar 1-1 -5 mm longum productae, superiores minores ; pedicelli gracillimi 0-75 1-5 cm longi Perianthium in alabastro globosum ; tubus’ basalis circiter Imm. longus ; lobi subcampanulato-conniventes vel natentes subaequales vel exteriores paullo angustiores, suborbiculati vel late oblongi, apice rotundati, circiter 3-5 mm. longi, 3 mm. lati, dilute fusci medio colons intensions vittati, 1-nervii. Stamina basi Ioborum affixa filamenta 1 mm. longa, basi paullum dilatata ; antherae oblongae basi sagittatae et in caudas breves vel brevissimas productae circa st’vlum ZSTSSSr P" |X,r',!‘,l,liqUC" intror™"> d.hisceites. ojL„ South Africa. Cape Province : Oudtshoorn Division ; bulbs growing amongst stones one mile east of Oudtshoorn, Miss W. Barker (type). Specimens cultivated at Kew under the number 933/32. • JJ" im„P®rtant diagnostic character of the genus Rhadamanthus ins ul o^r of dchl8c.encf of ,the others by means of oblique pores, was mil by,i u o3,1'1, the r® ated genera of Scilleae. This character was mentioned by Salisbury (Gen. 37 : 1866) in the original description C fCI1U8 antherae filamento confluentes superne foramine cuneato ut in jralmia dehiscentes.” Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Bl. in. 808 ; 1883) and Baker (Dyer, FI. Cap. vi. 444: 1897) merely statea that the dehiscence was introrse, and some difficulty was therefore experienced in assigning the present species to the right genus. Rhada- nianthus was founded on Hyacinthus convallarioides L.f., which was 2 based on specimens collected by Thunberg south of the Roggeveld in the Cape Province. The type was kindly sent on loan from the Natural History Museum, Uppsala, and it is now possible to confirm the state¬ ment that the anthers open by oblique pores about half their length. An examination of Bolus 7567 in the Kew Herbarium, cited by Baker, Z.c., under R. convallarioides , shows that the anthers open by longitudinal slits, an essential character which excludes it from the genus and suggests that it should be placed in Urgineopsis Compton. There has since been received, however, a specimen, Bolus 13210, collected “ in declivibus lapidosis in convalle flum. Hex ” which agrees in detail with Thunberg’s plant from the same region. Masson’s specimen in the British Museum (Natural History), also cited by Baker, Z.C., consists of two inflorescences : the right-hand one is definitely R. convallarioides , and was probably collected at the same time as Thunberg’s, when he and Masson were travelling together. The left- hand specimen on Masson’s sheet looks somewhat different but the material is insufficient for determination. Rhadamanthus urantherus is distinguished from R. convallarioides by the anther thecae being shortly tailed at the base. In the type specimen the length of the tails is not constant and in some flowers is very short, but in no case are the tails entirely absent. The species was introduced to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in a consignment of bulbs forwarded from South Africa by Miss Winsome Barker during 1932. The bulbs flowered in March of the following year in the leafless condition, a feature common to certain species of the closely allied genus Urginea. Two to eight filiform leaves were produced from each bulb during November 1933, and it is noteworthy that whereas the peduncles are very minutely puberulous, the leaves are glabrous. The allied genus Urgineopsis was founded on the single species U. Salieri from the Cape Peninsula (Journ. Bot. 1930, 107) and “ differs from Urginea chiefly in the markedly gamophyllous perianth ” and “ from Rhadamanthus in the erect flowers and non-connivent stamens.” Prior to the publication of this, Miss A. Duthie in Ann. Univ. Stellen¬ bosch, vi. sect. A, no. 2 (Feb. 1928), gave an account of the species of Urginea of the Stellenbosch Flats. In this paper Miss Duthie described five new species, three of them, U. pygmaea , U. minor and U. gracilis , with perianth-lobes united at the base. At the same time she drew attention to the fact that U. Dregei Baker (1897) also had the perianth-lobes united at the base, and proposed a section Pseudo- urginea for the four species distinguished by this character. R. A. Dyer. Fig. 1, bulb with two peduncles, natural size ; 2, leaves produced later in the year and withering prior to the next flowering period, natural size ; 3, transverse section of leaf, x 8 ; 4, peduncle, pedicel and spurred bract, x 8 ; 5, adaxial view of spurred bract, x 8 ; 6, open flower showing slightly united perianth- lobes, tailed anthers and short style, x 4 ; 7, adaxial view of stamens, showing basal tails and apical pores, x 12 ; 8, abaxial view, x 12 ; 9, gynoecium, x 8 ; 10, transverse section of ovary, x 8. Tabula 3248. NISSOLIA HINTONI Sandwith . Leguminosae. Tribus Hedysareae. N. Hintoni Sandwith ; species nova, N. laxiori (Robinson) Rose atque N. montanae Rose affinis, ramulis (setis exceptis) foliis foliolisque ab initio omnino glabris nec pubescentibus, inflorescentiis dense setosis ceterum glabris, bracteis conspicue setoso-ciliatis, racemis elongatis saepius speciose paniculatis nunquam ad pseudoverticillos redactis diflfert ; praeterea a N. laxiore calyce setis exceptis glabro, a N. montana dentibus calycinis multo longioribus distinguitur. Frutex scandens ; ramuli setis exceptis glaberrimi, conspicue haud dense flavescenti-setosi , setis vulgo 1-5 mm. longis. Stipulae lanceo- latae, sparse setoso-ciliatae, 5-9 mm. longae, basi 1*2-2 mm. latae. Folia glabra sed petiolis praecipue dimidio inferiore setosis ; petioli 3-7 cm. longi ; intemodium rhacheos inferius 1-2*2 cm. longum, terminale pro rata brevius ; petioluli 1-2*2 mm. longi; foliola 5, forma atque magnitudine valde variabilia, suborbiculari-oblonga vel oblonga, foliolum terminale nonnunquam obovato-oblongum, utrinque rotundata, obtusissima, apice 1*5-3* 5 mm. mucronata, basi rotundata vel saepe levissime cordata, 1-6 cm. longa, 0*7-3* 5 cm. lata, juniora tenuiter adulta firme chartacea, ab initio omnino glabra, nervis lateralibus utroque costae latere circiter 7-8, his venuliscum in foliolis vetustioribus tantum utrinque prominulis. Racemi multiflori, axillares, solitarii vel superne saepius secus axin longum ita dispositi ut panicu- lam speciosam floriferam praebeant ; racemi solitarii, 4-8 cm. longi ; paniculae saepe usque ad 27 cm. longi, anguste pyramidales, racemis 1*5-6 cm. longis nunquam ad pscudo-verticillos redactis; rhachis paniculae racemorumque dense conspicue setosa ceterum glaberrima ; bracteae anguste lanceolato-subulatae, conspicue setoso-ciliatae, valde vanabiles, 4-8 mm. longae, 0*5-2 mm. latae ; pedicelli esetosi vel sparsissime setosi, necnon puberuli, 0* 6-1 • 1 cm. longi. Flores siccitate 1*2-1 *5 cm. longi. Calyx turbinato-campanulatus, truncatus, 4 mm. longus, fere 5 mm. latus, in pedicellum 1 mm. supra articulum abrupte angustatus, glaber sed sparse conspicue flavescenti-setosus ; dentes subulati ac apice seta circiter 0*5 mm. longa tcrminati, seta inclusa superiores fere 4 mm. inferiores 3 mm. longi. Petala siccitate virides- centi-flava ; vexillum cum ungue ad 1*4 cm. longum, ungue circiter 2 3*2 mm. longo extra dimidio superiore dense pubescente, lamina applanata suborbiculari 1 cm. lata extra praecipue dimidio inferior© dense pubescente ; alae ungue 5 mm. longo prope apicem ciliato, lamina oblonga 9*5 mm. longa 3*2 mm. lata prope basin ciliata ; carinae petala laminis dorso cohaerentibus, ungue 5 mm. longo dimidio superiore ciliato, lamina 9-5 mm. longa 4-2 mm. lata prope basin ciliata. Stamina ad 1*3 cm. longa, vagina filamentisque glabris. Omn’wmcylindricum, 5 mm. longum, 1 mm. diametro, dense flavescenti- pubescens, stipite fere 1 • 5 mm. longo ; stylus inferne sparsissime pilosus, fere 8 mm. longus ; ovula 2-3. Fructus totus 4 *3-5 *3 cm. longus, stipite 4-7 mm. longo, articulis 1-2, inter articulos constrictus, conspicue venosus, praesertim inferne satis dense pilosulus, stipite articuloque inferiore sparse flavescenti-setosis, ala articuli superioris 1*1-1 *4 cm. lata apice acuto vel obtuso. Mexico. District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico : Carboneras, 2030 m., fl. Nov. 1932, Hinton 2334 (type) ; edge of crater, Volc&n, 1530 m., fl. Oct. 1932. Hinton 2213 ; Bejucos, 610 m., fl. Nov. 1932, Hinton 2520 ; barranca. Ixtapan, 1000 m., fl. Dec. 1932, Hinton 2922 ; hill, San Lucas del Maiz, fr. Feb. 1933, Hinton 3335 ; “ stone fence,” Rincon, 1930 m., fl. Nov. 1933, Hinton 5075. All these collections were described as a vine. The species of the scandent genus Nissolia are somewhat difficult to separate owing to evident variability in certain characters such as the size of the leaflets, the presence or absence of scattered bristles on the brunchlets, calyx and fruit, and the development of the axillary inflorescence. The present species is clearly well marked by its com¬ bination of the following features : completely non-pubescent branch- lets, leaves and inflorescence ; copious setcse development on the branchlets, and particularly on the inflorescence and the margins of the conspicuous bracts ; remarkably well-developed and elongate racemes and panicles ; large flowers with setose, but otherwise glabrous calyx and long calyx-teeth ; and large sparsely setose fruit. The fact that Mr. G. B. Hinton has made as many as six collections of a vine presenting these peculiar characteristics is a fair guarantee of its specific status even in a genus whose members have frequently been regarded as ill-defined.— N. Y. Sandwith. Fig. 1, part of branch with a single leaf and axillary panicle, natural size; 2, calyx, x 2 ; 3, vexillum, x 2 ; 4, ala, x 2 ; 5, carina, x 2 ; 6, androecium, opened out, x 2 ; 7, gynoecium, x 4 ; 8, fruit, with persistent calyx, natural size ; 9, longitudinal section of basal joint of fruit, natural size. Tabula 3249. PLATYMISCIUM LASIOCARPUM Sandwith. Leguminosae. Tribus Dalbergieae. P. lasiocarpum Sandwith ; species nova, P. hebestachyo Bentli. affinis, foliolis semper 5 basi saepius cuneatis vel saltern obtusis subtus pilosulis, lobis calycinis margine fere glabris, ovario villoso atque fructu tomentoso differt ; P. pubescens Micheli, species austro- brasiliensis, foliolis multo angustioribus subtus adpresse pubescentibus, calyce tomentoso differt; P.fragram Rusby, species boliviensis quae fructu puberulo gaudet, foliolis angustioribus subtus adpresse pubescentibus, stipite fructus multo breviore, fructu valde reticulato- venoso e descriptione dibert. Arbor satis magna, ramulis summis teretibus sulcatis, annotinis satis crebre lenticellatis pubescentibus vel glabrescentibus, liornotinis griseo-fulvo-tomentosis. Folia verticillata, imparipinnata, usque 33 cm. longa, petiolo rhachique crispule pilosulo-pubcscentibus ; petiolus 5-8*5 cm. longus ; interuodium rhacheos inferius 3*7-7 cm. longum, superius 2-4*5 cm . longum ; petioluli internodiis crassiores, indumento simili, 4-7 mm. longi ; foliola 5, elliptica, rarius ovata vel obovato-elliptica, apice breviter obtuse acuminata vel cuspidata, basi cuneata vel obtusa, raro rotundata, 7-14 cm. longa, 4-9*5 cm. lata (foliolum terminale lateralibus oppositis semper majus), firme chartacea, supra nitida glabra, subtus opaca conspicue sed nervis exceptis baud dense crispule pilosula, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 8-12 supra prominulis subtus elevatis marginem versus arcuato-anastomosantibus, rete venularum utrinque prominulo. Stipulae delapsae. Racemi axillares, 3-5 apice ramulorum congregati itaque pseudo-terminales, 4-11 cm. longi, apice nonnunquam bifurcati, densiflori, statu florifero usque ad 2 cm. lati, densissime griseo-pilosuli ; pedicelli brevissimi, indumento conspicuo simili, 1*5 mm. longi; bracteae bracteolaeque haud cito eaducae, obovatae vel obovato-oblongae, rotundato-obtusae, 2-2*3 mm. longae, 1*2-1 *5 mm. latae, extra dense griseo-tomentosae. Calyx anguste campanulatus, oculo nudo glaber, siccitate nigro- purpurascens, sub lente forti extra minute granulato-verruculosus ac albo-lepidotus ; tubus 3*2 mm. longus, 3 mm. latus ; labium superius 1*5 mm. longum, ad medium in lobos duos parvos obtusos fissum ; labium inferius e lobis tribus subaequalibus (intermedio majore) 2 deltoideo-triangularibus obtusis 1*5 mm. longis ad 1-6 mm. latis constans ; lobi omnes sub lente satis sparse ciliati. Petala ut videtur flava, glabra ; vexillum ungue 1-5 mm. longo, lamina late orbiculari- elliptica apice rotundata brevissime emarginata basi rotundata baud obliqua 8*5 mm. longa 6*5-7 mm. lata ; alae ungue 2-2*2 mm. longo, lamina anguste ovato-oblonga basi valde obliqua 7 *2-7 *5 mm. longa 3-3*5 mm. lata ; carinae petala dorso cohaerentia, ungue 2 mm. longo, lamina ei alarum simili, basi valde obliqua, latere superiore auriculato- cordato, inferiore in unguem attenuato, 7*5 mm. longa, 2*8 mm. lata. Stamina 10, monadelpha, glabra, ad 6 mm. longa. Ovarium dense pallide fulvo-villosum, circiter 2 mm. longum, stipite 2-2*5 mm. longo pilosulo vel inf erne glabrescente ; stylus glaber, 2 mm. longus ; ovulum 1. Fructus oblongus, vix maturus ad 5 *5 cm. longus ad 1 *8 cm. latus, chartaceus, dense molliter griseo-velutino-tomentosus, baud reticulato-venosus ; stipes sub maturitate ad 1 *5 cm. longus ; stamina persistentia e calyce exserta. Mexico. District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico : tree 15 m. high in field, Acatitlan, fl. 19 Jan. 1933, Hinton 3174 (type) ; large tree in barranca, Bejucos, 610 m., fr. 14 Feb. 1933, Hinton 3389 ; tree 15 m. bigb, frequent in the Luvianos valley near the base of Nanchititla, 1450 m., foliage only, 25 Dec. 1933, Hinton 5396. Vernacular name “ Granadillo.” This very distinct species is clearly related to P. hebestachyum Benth. which it’ resembles in the facies of its leaflets and inflorescence, but is remarkable for the indumentum of the leaflets, ovary and fruit. The remaining species assigned to the genus Platymisdum are glabrous in these parts with the exception of the South Brazilian P. pubescens Micheli, the Bolivian P.fragrans Rusby, and the Bolivian P. ellipticum Rusby. Of these the first two are easily distinguished from P. lasio- carpum by the characters given in the diagnostic description ; no material of P. pubescens has been seen, and only fragmentary foliage of P. fragrans. The third, P. ellipticum , which has fulvous-sericeous fruits, has alternate leaves, small alternate leaflets, and a pod with the upper suture slightly winged, characters which obviously remove it from the genus Platymisdum . — N. Y. Sandwith. Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, upper part of leaf, detached, natural size ; 3, lower surface of leaf, x 4 ; 4, calyx, showing one bracteole, x 4 ; 5, vexillum, x 4 ; 6, ala, x 4 ; 7, carina, x 4 ; 8, androecium, opened out, x 4 ; 9, gynoecium, x 4 ; 10, fruit, natural size. J260 Tabula 3250. RHYNCHOSPORA COMPUSA Ballard . Cyperaceae. Tribus Rhynchosporeae. R. confusa Ballard , nom. nov. Syntrinema brasiliense Radik, et Pfeiff. ex H. Pfeiff. in Fedde, Rep. xxi. 238, t. 21 A, fig. a (1925), quoad specim., excl. char, nonnull. — Affinis R. minarum Steud. a qua in- florescentia congestiore semper monocephala, bracteis involucralibus brcvioribus et foliorum basibus vaginiformibus latissimis difiert. Planta perennis. Rhizoma breviter repens, validum, lignosum, nodosum, foliorum vetustiorum basibus dense vestitum. Folia numerosissima, basalia, imbricata, usque ad 16 cm. longa vel ultra, basibus vaginiformibus chartaceis fere usque ad 4 cm. longis et 2 cm. latis, apice abrupte contracts, marginibus saepe subhyalinis ; laminae subcarinatae, superne attenuatae, usque ad 5 mm. latae, coriaceae, rigidiusculae, inferne marginibus ciliatae superne scabridulae, ceterum glabrae laevesque. Cuhni usque ad 10 cm. longi vel ultra, leviter complanati, haud triquetri, striati, glabri, monocephali. Inflorescentia composita, late obconica, usque ad 2 cm. diametro, pallide rubro- brunnea ; bracteae involucrales numerosae, imbricatae, lanceolatae, acutae vel acuminatae, usque ad 1-8 cm. longae, 4 mm. latae, spiculis raro longiores, striatae, tenuiter pubescentes vel apicem versus laxe pilosae vel glabrescentes. Spiculae dense congestae, elliptico-lanceolatae, 7-10*5 mm. longae, 2-3 mm. latae, lateraliter complanatae, 3-6-florae, flores 2 inferiores ceteri Squamae carinatae, lateraliter compressae, usque ad 9 mm. longae, acutae vel obtusae, plerumque mucronatae ; squamae steriles 3. Nux immatura atro-brunnea, apice minute rugulosa ; stylus simplex, apice truncatus ; setae 6, fcrrugineae, antrorse scabridae ; florum juniorum filamenta plus minusve connata. Brazil. Goyaz, Aug. 1912, Ph. von Lutzelburg 1223, 15483 ; West Bahia : campinas Boa Esperan9a, 1912, Ph. von Lutzelburg 15484. The present plant was first described by H. Pfeiffer in 1925 under the name Syntrinema brasiliense Radik, et Pfeiff. This name had actually been suggested by Radlkofer ten years previously, as is shown by a note written on a sheet of von Lutzelburg 1223 in the herbarium at Munich. The preparation of the description and accompanying notes, 2 however, was the work of the junior author, Radlkofer being 95 years of age at tho time it was written. The description is accompanied firstly by a habit figure (fig. a) of the plant originally seen by Radlkofer. Secondly, there are six figures (figs, c-h) purporting to be dissections of the spikelet of Syntrinema , but which, quite obviously, belong to a very different plant. Lastly, a ground plan of the spikelet (fig. b) is given which also does not refer to Syntrinema. In fact, the last two sets of drawings illustrate the genus Chorisandra — a genus only very distantly related to the present one. They appear to be adaptations from N. E. Brown’s drawings of that genus in C. B. Clarke’s “ Illustrations of Cyperaceae ” (t. 119). The description itself is also a mixture combining the gross mor¬ phological features of Radlkofer’s Syntrinema with the floral details of one or more species of Chorisandra . Curiously enough, the particular character which served Radlkofer as a basis for his generic name is entirely ignored. In 1915 Radlkofer wrote as follows on a sheet at Munich : “ Genus Cyperacearum novum, ut videtur, cujus stamina in flor. connata nomen Syntrinema (S. brasiliense) supped itant.” One is forced to conclude that the published description was partly based on figures illustrating dissections of Chorisandra , which had in some way become associated with the specimens of Syntrinema. Pfeiffer must have had some misgivings, however, regarding Radlkofer’s note about the connate stamens, since, in his remarks following the description, he mentions that neighbouring male flowers have their stamens connate at the base. This interpretation, although quite incorrect, was the only way of reconciling Radlkofer’s observa¬ tion with the assumption that the male flowers were monandrous as in Chorisandra. The expression in the specific description, “ ovarium 2-lobum, 2- loculare (an semper ?),” calls for explanation. It probably arose from the fact that in N. E. Brown's drawing of the ground plan of the Chorisandra spikelet two small round objects are shown within tho ovary wall. To the uninitiated these might seem to indicate the presence of two loculi or two ovules, whereas in reality they represent the number of styles. It should be mentioned that in 1933 Dr. Pfeiffer placed a note on the sheet of von Lutzelburg 1223 in the Munich herbarium to the effect that the original description required emending. Since then he has written saying that it had been his intention to publish another paper and a rectified description, but that he would refrain from doing so in view of the present investigation. The stamens in Rhynchospora confusa arc interesting. In the early stages of the male flower, and possibly also in the hermaphrodite flower, the filaments cohere, to what extent it is difficult to judge from dried material. In this condition the stamens reach maturity. A definite articulation is present between filament and anther, while the anther itself is peculiar in possessing a short sterile portion above this articulation. When the anther is quite mature and conditions 3 favour dehiscence, the filament apparently lengthens suddenly, possibly by rapid elongation of individual cells, the anther emerges from the squamae and dehiscence takes place. After this, the anther disarticu¬ lates from the filament and drops away. Exactly the same arrangement is seen in Rhynchospora hirta Boeck. (R. monadelpha C. B. Clarke), and a good figure showing the connate stamens was published by Lindman in Bih. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. xxvi. Afd. 3, No. 9, t. 5 (1900). The disarticulating type of stamen is found also in R. globosa Britton and R. minarum C. B. Clarke, although connate filaments were not observed. Nees also draws attention to this type in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. 1, 99 (1843), where, in a description of Sphaeroschoenus Wallichii (Rhynchospora Wallichiana Kunth), he says, “ antherae basi veluti in stipitem sterilem filiformem attenuatae eiusque opera filamento, strictura arguta intercedente, impositae, ita ut primo attactu defluant.” All the specimens seen of Rhynchospora coyifusa had obviously been badly burned, so that our illustration may not be altogether typical. Uninjured plants probably attain much larger dimensions, the inflores¬ cences, without doubt, being borne on considerably longer culms. F. Ballard. Fiq. 1, entire plant, natural size ; 2, a spikelet, lateral view, x 6 ; 3, a young <j? flower, x 8 ; 4, young stamens from flower, with connate filaments, x 6 ; 5, an old £ flower, with anthers shed, x 3 ; 6, very young nut, x 32. if- 4 Tabula 3251. HYPERICUM THASIUM Griseb. Hypericaceae. Tribus Hypericeae. H. thasium Griseb. Spic. FI. Rumel. et Bithyn. i. 227 (1843) ; Boiss. FI. Or. i. 789 (1867), et Suppl. 130 (1888) ; Halacsy in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xlii. 414 (1892) ; Velenovsky in Sitz. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. 1902, xxvii. 4 ; Podpera in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, lii. 643 (1902) ; Davidoff in Spis. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. xii. 74 (1915) ; Stefanoff in God. Sof. Univ. 1918-20, xv.-xvi. 81 (1921) ; Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. i. 531 (1925) ; Stoyanoff et Stefanoff, FI. Bulg. 750 (1925), et ed. 2, 708 (1933) ; Stefanoff in God. Agr.-lesov. Fak. Univ. Sofia, xi. 160(1933) ; herba perennis sepalis aequilongis bracteisque longissime fimbriato-setaceis, setis (ciliis) haud glandulosis, staminibus pentadel- pliis, ovario quinqucloculari, stylis 5, a congeneribus facile distinguenda. Herba perennis, glabra. Radix lignosa, radices secundarias numero- sas emittens. Rhizoma horizontaliter curvatum. Caules numerosi, ascendentes, fere teretes, usque ad 5*5 dm. alti, internodiis 0-5-4 cm. longis cavis costis longitudinalibus duabus praeditis. Folia linearia, infima anguste oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, obtusa, basi haud vel vix angustata,interdumleviter cordato-amplexicaulia, basi haud articulata, sessilia, plerumque 1-2 cm. longa et 1-4 mm. lata, pellucido-punctata, margine plus minusve revoluta (in siccitate) et remote nigro-punctata. Inflorescentia 3-45-flora, ramosa, laxa vel subcompacta, cymis 3-9-flori3 ; bracteae superiores lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae, acuminatae, circiter 8 mm. longae et 1 mm. latae, longe fimbriato-setaceae, glandulis flavidis pellucido-punctatae, plus minusve nigro-punctatae. Calyx profunde 5-partitus, segmentis ellipticis aequilongis 1-1 cm. longis 2 -5-3 -5 mm. latis (setis eglandulosis exclusis) 3-5-nerviis margine longe barbato-setaceis flavido-pellucido-punctatis superne margineque mgro-punctatis. Peiala obovato-oblonga, usque ad 2 cm. longa et 9 mm. lata, fiava, punctis subremotis fere rotundis nigris j uxta inarginein una serie dispositis, punctis flavidis elongatis numerosis in paren- chymate subsparse inspersis, venarum reticulo laxo. Stamina numero- sissima, brevissime pentadelpha, 8-10 mm. longa ; antherae sub- rotundae, 0-75 mm. longae, connectivo tenui glandula nigra superne instructo. Ovarium elliptico-ovoideum, 5 mm. longum, 3-5 mm. 2 diametro, longitudinaliter 5-vittatum et striatum, carpellis dorso carinato-convexis in stigmata 5 (rarissime 6) aequilonga primo erecta deinde patentia attenuatis. Thasos. “ Frequens inter frutices pr. Panajia alt. 0-200' locis apricioribus, ubi consociatum viget cum II. perfoliate et perforate (substr. calcar.) ” sec. Grisebach, l.c. ; Limenas, copiose, 4 Jun. 1891, in prat, arenos., Bornmuller et Sintenis 346. Thrace. Phanar, edge of cornfield, sandy soil near lagoon, 25 May 1930, //. G. Tedd 348A ; Bouloustra, 19 June 1931, sandy fields near sea behind dunes, II. G. Tedd 348B. South Bulgaria. In colie Sevri Kaja ad Harmanli, Jun. 1901, StHbrny. Hypericum thasium is the sole known representative of the section Thasia Boiss. (FI. Or. i. 785 : 1867), a section distinguished by the herbaceous habit, subpentadelphous stamens, 5 styles, 5-locular ovary, 5-valved capsule, and equal calyx segments which do not enlarge in fruit. It is one of the very many morphologically and taxonomically distinct endemics of the Balkan Peninsula. Originally described by Grisebach from Thasos it has since been recorded from the South Bulgarian plain near Harmanli and from lowland localities in both eastern and western Thrace. Grisebach (l.c.) quotes as a synonym Hypericum foliis linearibus , margine revolutis , Forskal, FI. Aeg. (Flor. Constant, etc.) p. xxx. (1775). This identification is very doubtful and must remain so till material collected by Forskal and so determined by him has been examined. Grisebach refers to the flowers as bibracteolate. In the material dissected two bracteoles have never been found associated with one flower. In the flowers of lateral cymes a single bract-like structure was sometimes (not invariably) found at the base of the pedicel placed laterally to the subtending bract. An examination of abundant living material is necessary before it can be definitely stated whether this is a true bracteole or (as the writer suspects) a bract whose axillary flower is not produced beyond a very rudimentary stage. Another interesting morphological feature is the transition from foliage leaves to bracts and sepals. The foliage leaves range from narrowly to broadly linear, are obtuse at the apex, and more or less cordate-amplexicaul to truncate at the base. The lowest leaves, those first produced on the chamaephytic perennating shoots, are usually broader and may even be elliptic-oblong. The transition from the uppermost foliage leaves to the first bracts subtending inflorescence branches is sometimes abrupt, but in some specimens a shortening and relative broadening of the leaf and the development of some marginal bristles occur on one only or on both of the first “ bract ” pair. In specimens with luxuriant inflorescences the leaves subtending the lower inflorescence branches are developed as ordinary foliage leaves. The bracts of the ultimate cymes show some range in size but frequently 3 both in this and in other characters they closely resemble the narrower sepals so that it is possible to arrange a series of transitions showing no real break from typical foliage leaves to sepals. — W. B. Turrill. Fig. 1, upper part of flowering plant, natural size ; 2, lower part of flowering plant, natural size ; 3, portion of leaf showing lower surface, x 8; 4, bract, x 4; 5, two sepals, showing upper surface, x 4 ; 6, petal, x 3 ; 7, portion of stamen bundle, x 3 ; 8, gynoecium, x 6 ; 9, transverse section of ovary, x 6. t 8252 Tabula 3252. ASTRAGALUS GLYCYPHYLLOIDES DC. Leguminosae. Tribus Galegeae. A. glycyphylloides DC. in DC. Prodr. ii. 292 (1825) ; Ledebour, FI. Ross. i. 621 (1842) ; Boiss. FI. Or. ii. 267 (1872) ; Pan6. FI. Princ. Serb. 246 (1874) ; Schmalhausen, FI. Sredn. i Yuzhn. Ross. 273 (1895) ; Halacsy, Consp. FI. Graec. i. 438 (1900), et Suppl. 2 in Mag. Bot. Lap. xi. 142 (1912) ; Velenovsky in Sitz. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. 1903, xxviii. 4 ; Aschers. u. Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. FI. vi. 2. 761 (1909) ; Fedtschenko, FI. Evrop. Ross. 571 (1910) ; Stoyanofl et Stefanoff, FI. Bulg. 663 (1925), et ed. 2, 623 (1933) ; Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. i. 775 (1926). A. serbicus Pand. ex Boiss. l.c. 268 in syn., nomen solum; Beck in Reichb. Ic. FI. Germ. xxii. 102 (1903), et Flora Bosne, 278 (1927) ; non Wettstein. A. glycyphylloides var. serbicus Beck in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien, xi. 75 (1896) ; Aschers. u. Graebn. l.c. ; Hayek l.c. A. galegijormis Pan6. in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, vi. 482 (1856), non L., fide Janka in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xix. 117 (1869). A. Petrovicii Vel. l.c., sec. Hayek l.c. — Ab A. glycyphyUo L. cauli- bus pilosis, calycibus adpresse nigro-hirtis, leguminibus brevioribus 6-12-ovulatis praecipue differt. Caulis suberectus, subrigidus, leviter plus minusve patule pilosus, usque ad 1 m. altus (in planta culta). Folia 7-22 cm. longa, 7-17-juga ; foliola elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, breviter apiculata, basi rotundata, 2-5*5 cm. longa, 0*8-2 *2 cm. lata, supra glabra, subtus patule pilosa, margine piloso-ciliata, costa nervisque subtus subprominentibus, supra inconspicuis ; petioluli 1-2 mm. longi, dense patule pilosi ; stipulae e basi triangulari longe subulato-lineares, integrae, nigro-pilosae, mem- branaceae. Racemi floriferi 6-14 cm. longi (pedunculo 4*5-11*5 cm. longo pilis nigris albisque instructo incluso), fructiferi vix elongati, dense 8-17-flori; pedicelli 1-1*5 mm. longi; bracteae anguste lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae, acuminatae, 3-4 mm. longae, circiter 0*5 mm. latae ; bracteolae bracteis similes sed minores. Calycis tubus extra, dentes utrinque, sicut bracteae, bracteolae, pedicelli, racemi rhachis, pilis nigris adpressis copiosis praediti ; tubus 4*5 mm. longus, 3*5 mm. diametro ; dentes anguste lineari-subulati, adaxiales 2*5 cm. longi, abaxiales 3*5 cm. longi. Vexillum 1*4 cm. longum, 7 nun. latum ; alao 1 *25 cm. longae ; carina 1 • 15 cm. longa. Tubus stafninahs 1 cm. 2 longus. Ovarium usque ad curvamen 1 cm. longum (stipite 2 mm. longo incluso), glabrum. Legumen oblongum, 2 -2-2 *5 cm. longum (stipite circiter 6 mm. longo et stylo persistente 2 mm. longo inclusis), . 4-5 mm. diametro, adaxialiter valde sulcatum, junius breviter pilo- sum, maturum fere glabrum. Semina 6-12, inaequaliter reniformia, 3-3*5 mm. X 2-2*5 mm. Serbia. In sylvestribus m. Ozren, Mai.-Jul. 1873, Pandit. Bosnia. In silvis montis Trebevid, c. 1200 m., 4 Jul. 1906 et 5 Aug. 1906, Maly ; Trebevid, 21 June 1931, GiUiat-Smith 2821 ; cult, in Herb. Ground, Kew, 1934, from seeds communicated by Maly. Crimea. Sine loco, Steven ; in silvis supra pagum Molbai, 21 Jun. 1900, Callier 683. Bithynia. Olympus, Aucher-Eloy 1298 ; Mt. Ida, in marmor. prop. Kareikos, Jul. 1883, Sintenis 627 ; in regione silvatica montis Olympi, supra Brussa, 1000-1200 m., 31 Mai. 1899, Bornmuller 4385. Caucasus. Iberia, Steven. In addition to the records given above, which are from specimens in the Kew Herbarium, the species, in the sense in which it is accepted here, is recorded from Greece, Thessaly, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Hercegovina, as well as from additional localities in the areas named. The chief taxonomic problem which has had to be elucidated is the relationship of A . serbicus Pand. with A . glycyphylloides DC. T he latter was based on Steven’s material from Iberia (Caucasus). Accepting as authentic the Kew material (in fruit) thus written up, no structural differences can be found between Steven’s plant, Crimean specimens, and those from the Balkan Peninsula, apart from minor fluctuations. Beck’s note that the description of De Candolle cannot apply to material from the Balkan Peninsula, is true so far as the phrase “ stipulis oblongis substipitatis foliaceis ” is concerned. Equally, this phrase cannot apply to any other species of the group to which A. glycyphyllus and A. glycyphylloides belong. It is suggested here that De Candolle mistook a pair of leaflets for stipules either through their being mis¬ placed in mounted material or by not correctly interpreting the reduced leaves which sometimes subtend inflorescences and which have a pair of leaflets very low down. The leaflets of the pinnate leaf are normally opposite, except for the odd terminal leaflet, but occasionally a sub¬ opposite arrangement appears. — W. B. Turrill. Fia. 1, small portion of upper part of plant, natural size ; 2, portion of lower surface of leaflet, x 4; 3, calyx, x 3 ; 4, vexillum, x 3 ; 5, ala, adaxial side, x 3; 6, ala, abaxial side, x 3; 7, carina, x 3; 8, androecium, x 3; 9,gynoecium, x 3; 10 and 11, legumes, x 1-5; 12, seed, x 4. 32 <5 3 o £ kA Tabula 3253. VERBASCUM GRACILE Turrill. SCROPHULAKIACEAE. TribllS VERBASCEAE. V. gracile Turrill ; species nova, ab affini V. nobili Vel. caule plus minusve stellato-tomentoso viridi, foliis basalibus fere ad costam profunde pinnatipartitis praecipue recedens. Planta biennis (raro perennans). Radix primaria verticalis, basi 1*3 cm. diametro. Caulis stricte erectus, rigidus, foliosus, teres, basi adpresse stellato-tomentosus, canescens, ceterum viridis, parce stellato- tomentosus, superne valde ramosus, usque ad 15-21 dm. altus (in cultis). Folia basalia rosulam formantia, usque ad 3-85 dm. longa (petiolo canaliculato 1*25 dm. longo incluso) et 1 dm. lata, lamina ambitu anguste oblonga apice rotundata obtusa vel subacuta, matura inaequaliter pinnatipartita, segmentis oblongis vel anguste oblongis patentibus usque ad 5 cm. longis et 3*5 cm. latis, superioribus plus minusve confluentibus acutis vel obtusis, inferioribus liberis acutis vel subacutis, omnibus irregulariter dentatis vel sublobatis, juniora angus- tiora grosse dentata haud vel vix pinnatipartita, omnia supra parce subtus sat dense cano- vel albo-tomentosa, pilis stellatis praedita ; folia caulina inferiora basalibus subsimilia sed petiolo breviore, media gradatim minus pinnatipartita minoraque, elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, breviter acuminata, 1 *9-0*9 dm. longa, 7 *5-3*5 cm. lata, sessilia, supenora ovata, multo minora, longe sensim acuminata, in bracteas gradatim transeuntia. Inflorescentia laxe paniculato-ramosa (in planta culta ramis numerosissimis instructa), ramis tenuibus rigidiusculis teretibus glabris vel junioribus plus minusve stellato-tomentellis. fasciculi jam sub anthesi remoti, 2- (rarissime 3-)flori, interdum ramorum apicem versus flore uno abortivo praediti ; pedicelli 3-7 mm. :on8b graciles, ebracteolati ; bracteae ultimae squamiformes, ovato- anceolatae, acutae, 2-2*5 mm. longae, 1-1*5 mm. latae, virides, g a brae. Calyx 2-3 mm. longus, fere ad basin in lacinias oblongo- anceolatas acutas margine glandulis minutissimis breviter stipitatis vel subsessilibus obsitas partitus, ceterum glaber. Corolla lutea, 15-23 mm. diametro, leviter (postice praecipue) pellucide punctata, extra intusque glabra, lobis late obovatis fere (inferioribus praecipue) orbicularibus 6-8 mm. longis latisque. Stamina circiter 7 mm. longa, nlamentis abaxialibus apice nudis ceterum ut adaxialibus pilis longis- simis flavido-albidis plus minusve clavatis superne densissime villoso- 2 lanatis, antheris omnibus reniformibus medifixis. Stylus 6-7*5 mm. longus, glaber, superne subincrassatus, stigmate oblongo-spathulato terminatus ; ovarium ellipsoideo-ovoideum, 1*5-2 mm. longum, 1-1*25 mm. diametro, densissime adpresseque albido-stellato-tomen- tellum. Capsula late ellipsoidea vel ellipsoideo-obovata, leviter com- planata, truncata et leviter emarginata, 3 • 5 mm. longa, 3 mm. diametro, matura glabrescens, plus minusve irregulariter verruculosa. Semina brcviter obconico-prismatica, 0*6-0*75 mm. longa, 0*4-0 *5 mm. diametro, subseriatim vel interdum irregulariter foveolato-corrugata. Tiirace. Near Xanthie, Soune Mahalla, 92 m., 4 June 1930, rocky places etc. on hill slopes, height about three feet, II. G. Tedd 385 ; grown from seed, collected, in the same locality, 31 July 1931, in the Herbarium Ground, Kew, 1933, as K. 1019 and K. 1020. The genus Verbascum has recently been monographed by Prof. S. Murbeck (Monographic der Gattung Verbascum, Lund, 1933), and on his classification the species here described must be placed in Sect. I. Bothrosperma , Subsect. I. Fasciculata , B. Isandra , b. Ebracteo- lata , p Leiantha. Within the group Leiantha it is morphologically allied to V. nobile Vel. and V. Nikolovii Stoy., showing some characters of one, some of the other. It is with the former that the closest com¬ parison can be drawn : indeed, it is specifically separated from V. nobile with considerable hesitation. Velenovsky in his original description of V. nobile (FI. Bulg. Suppl. 209 : 1898) noted the absence of leaves in the upper part of the stem, which is purple. Murbeck (l.c.) describes the stem as “ atrorubens.” The specimens in the Kew Herbarium show this character conspicuously, while the material of V. gracile has green stems and stem-branches. Again, the basal leaves of V. nobile are described as eleganter multi-lobatis ” (Vel.) or with the lamina “ obovato- v. lanceolato-oblonga, obtusa, margine nunc subintegerrima v. leviter sinuato-undulata, nunc sinuato-lobata i plicata, lobis late rotundatis integris v. infimis rotundato-triangularibus crenatis ” (Murb.). This agrees with the material at Kew of V. nobile , but V . gracile has pinnatipartite basal leaves (in both wild and cultivated material). V. gracile is on the whole more hairy (stellate-tomentose) than is V. nobile — especially on the stem. Lastly V. nobile is so far known only from Bulgaria (near Tatar-Pazardjik, Ali KoSovo, Plovdir, PeStera, Trigrad), considerably to the north of Xanthie. V. Nikolovii was described by Stoyanoff (Bull. Soc. Bot. Bulg. i. 75 : 1926) from material collected “ ad vias prope Kavala.” In the description of its basal leaves as “ fere ad medium prof unde pinnati- partita ” it seems to resemble V. gracile. It is, however, described as a much smaller plant (Murb.), with an aphyllous glabrous stem (Stoy.). The size of the corolla (3-3*5 cm. diam.) is greater than that of V. gracile — or any other species of the group. In addition to the species referred to above, two others can be 3 advantageously compared with V. gracile. Mattfeld and Stefanoff described (in Bull. Soc. Bot. Bulg. i. 101, t. 1 : 1926) V. Dingleri from “ Kalkfelsen bei Derwent (Derbent), unweit Dedeagatsch.” The material had been collected by H. Dingier fifty years previously. The species, while belonging to the same group as V. gracile , is distinguished from it (and from other allied species) by the bipmnatilobed (better bipinnatipartite or bipinnatifid—according to the plate) basal leaves. V. pseudonobile Stoy. et Stef, (in Jahrb. xx. Umv. Sofia^ Agronom. Fak. II. 69 : 1924) is distinguished from the species mentioned above especially by the presence of bracteoles a little above the base of the primary flower of every fascicle. While it is thus placed by Murbeck in another group “ a. Bracteolata,” its affinity in other characters with V. gracile , V. mobile , etc. is easily recognized. The type was originally described from specimens collected “ in rupibus calcareis ad montem Ali-Botus, prope vie. Petrovo et Gaitaninovo,” and a specimen at Kew shows that it is distinct from V. gracile. Stoyanoff and Stefanoff, however, describe (l.c.) a “ var. acutiloba ” in the following terms : “ lobis foliorum rosularum acutis subintegris. Supra urbem Xanti (Thracia mer.).” It is possible that F. pseudonobile var. acutiloba is the same as F. gracile. The variety is apparently ignored by Murbeck in his monograph. Some stress is laid by authors upon the height to which the species of this group grow. The following are the maximum recorded heights for the species mentioned above : F. gracile , 21 dm. ; F. mobile , 15 dm. ; F. Nikolovii, 4 dm. ; F. Dingleri , 6 dm. ; F. pseudonobile, 8 dm. — W. B. Turrill. 1'iG. 1, entire flowering plant, x £ •, 2, leaf of first year rosette, natural size ; 3, lateral flowering branch, natural size ; 4, flower with corolla and androecium removed, x 6 ; 5, three lobes of corolla, x 3 ; 6, adaxial stamen, x 6 ; 7, ovary and lower part of style, x 12 ; 8, portion of fruiting branch, natural size; 9, capsule, x 4 ; 10, seed, x 20. Tabula 3254. POLYGONUM ICARICUM K. II. Rechinger. POLYGONACEAE. Tribus EUPOLYGONEAE. P. icaricum K. H. Rechinger in Magyar Bot. Lap. xxxiii. 8, t. 3, fig. 3 (1934); a P. setoso Jacq. habitu dense suflruticoso-caespitoso, foliis acutis brevioribus latioribusque, floribus minoribus facile dis- tinguendum. Svffrutex interne valde lignosus et identidem ramosus, usque ad 1«6 dm. altus, dense multicaulis. Caules erecti vel ascendentes, glabri, inferne aphylli, internodiis superioribus novellis lierbaceis viridibus 5-10 mm. longis tenuibus longitudinaliter tenuiter sed pro- funde sulcatis. Folia linearia vel anguste elliptico-linearia, 8-12 mm. longa, 1*5-2 mm. lata, acuta, haud vel vix mucronata, inferne angustata sed vix vel bre viter petiolata, pulvillo 0*5-0*75 mm. longo nervoso, marginibus leviter revolutis, glabra, viridia, costa supra subprominente infra prominente, nervis lateralibus inconspicuis vel 1-2 infra praecipue subprominentibus ; ochreae hyalinae, tubuloso-amplectentes vel plus minusve fimbriato-lacerae, 3-7 mm. longae, multinerviae. Flores 1-2 in foliorum superiorum minorum axillis orti ; inflorescentia 1 *2-2 *5 cm. longa, internodiis 2-5 mm. longis ; pedicelli infra articulationem 1 • 5 mm. longi, supra articulationem ampliati 0*75 mm. longi. Perigonium corollinum, rubicundo-album ; tepala 5, uninervia, obsolete venulosa, apice rotundata, externa ovato-oblonga, T75 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, interna oblonga, 2 mm. longa, 1*3 mm. lata. Stamina 0*75-1*25 mm. longa, 3 leviter majora ; filamenta basi ampliata, superne subulata. Gynoecium immaturum 1*25 mm. longum ; ovarium triquetrum, stylis brevibus. Ikaria (Nikaria). In summo jugo supra pagum Hag. Kyrikos, in fissuris rup. gneiss., ca. 950 m., 24-25 Jun. 1932, K. II. Rechinger 2220. Samothrace. Mt. Fengari, 1480 m., in crevices of vertical rock, in flower 28 June 1934, II. G. Tedd 1472 A dwarf bushy shrub with pink-white flowers. The species of Polygonum Sect. Avicularia are generally recognized as forming a group difficult to classify in a clear and satisfactory manner. This applies more especially to the annual species (§ Annua 2 Boiss.). In the Mediterranean Region perennial herbaceous (§ Perennia Boiss.) and suffruticose (§ Fruticulosa Boiss.) species occur in increasing numbers from west to east, reaching a maximum in the area from Syria and Asia Minor to Persia. Polygonum equisetiforme S. et S. and P. maritimum L. are the best-known species of the Perennia subsection and both are widespread in the Mediterranean Basin, the former also extending east to Afghanistan. P. longipes Hal. et Charr. (Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xl. 164 : 1890) is compared, inter alia , with P. equisetiforme and, judging from the description, must be a member of the same subsection. It was discovered “ in locis siccis ad litora maris Aegaei prope Thessalonicam usque ad altitudinem 206 mt., nec non ad vias urbis,” and is retained by Hayek (Prod. FI. Penins. Balcan. i. 110 : 1924) as a valid species, but his reference to P. creticum var. graecum Meisn. has not been traced. P. icaricum must be placed in the subsection Fruticulosa , and appears to be most closely related to P. setosum Jacq. No species of this subsection had been recorded previously from the Aegean Islands. P. setosum was described and very crudely figured by Jacquin (Obs. iii. 8, t. 57 : 1768), who quotes Tournefort’s Polygonum Orientale Caryophylli folio , flore mag no , albo (Cor. 39 : 1719) in synonymy. Jacquin records a specimen in the Gronovian herbarium, communicated by Vaillant and bearing the Tournefortian phrase-name. Jaubert and Spach (Ill. ii. t. 125 : 1844-46) give an excellent figure and description of P. setosum. Quoting from Herb. Tournefort they give the original locality as Armenia and add Aucher-Floy 2588, also (according to Boissier) from Armenia. A specimen of the latter number is at Kew. Boissier (FI. Or. iv. 1039 : 1879) includes speci¬ mens from Lydia (supra Bozdagh, Bal.) and near Baibut (Bourg.) in the species and makes a new variety (var. restionoides) for specimens from prov. Musch, Armenia, and from the Cataonian Taurus. Armenian specimens collected by Sintenis are in Herb. Kew., as are also more recently collected sheets from the Amanus and Akher Dagh. Thus, apart from Balansa’s Lydian material, which has not been seen by the writer, P. setosum is known only from Armenia, Cataonia, and S.E. Anatolia- — more than 1000 km. from Samothrace and hardly less from Ikaria. An account of the botany of Samothrace has been given bv Degen (Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xli. 301, 329 : 1891). The only species of Polygonum recorded from the island was P. equisetiforme S. et S., but the specimen was so poor that the identification remains doubtful (l.c. 337). Both Rechinger’s and Tedd’s specimens are in flower only and the flowers are not old enough to give any clear indication of fruit characters. The older inflorescences show more or less zigzag bending, but it is uncertain whether this is natural or due to treatment on drying. The plate and description published here have been based on Tedd’s material from Samothrace. In this the ochreas are on the whole somewhat more lacerated than in the type ; the perigone is pink-white, not purely white in the upper part and green in the lower. Rechinger’s description of the stems as simple caules . . . simplices,” “ immer unverzweigte Stengel’ —applies only to the young green branches, not to the lower older brown branches, which increase in woodiness with age, branch repeatedly, and are apparently all included in the rhizome system by Rechinger. The young stems of the Samothracian specimens are apparently darker green than those of the Ikarian plants, which are described by Rechinger as pallide virides, in vivo subglaucescentes. ” None of the above characters are considered to indicate more than very minor fluctuations within the one species. Ikaria (also known as Nikaria and Kariot) is about 315 km. to the south (slightly south by east) of Samothrace, and is from its position better regarded as belonging to Asia Minor than to the Cyclades and Greece. The discontinuity of known distribution of P. icaricum may be partly due to our still meagre knowledge of the flora of many of the islands in and land masses bordering the Aegean Sea. On the other hand there is obviously a considerable real discontinuity since both Ikaria and Samothrace are now islands. It may well be postulated that the discontinuity in distribution of P. icaricum (as of many other species) had its origin in the break-up of the Aegean continent in geologically recent times. — W. B. Turrill. Fig. 1, portion of a plant, natural size ; 2, portion of stem with two nodes and foliage leaf, x 6 ; 3, portion of stem with one node, showing ochrea in the abaxial view, x 6 ; 4, flower, x 12 ; 5, perianth and androecium, split and flattened out, x 10 ; 6, gynoecium, x 20. Tabula 3255. AGAPETES LINEAEIFOLIA C. B. Clarke. Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae. A. linearifolia C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. iii. 449 (1882) • Airy-Shaw in Kew Bull. 1935, 41 ; ab A. nutante Dunn inflorescentia mult-o brevius pedunculata, pedicellis apice conspicue cupulatim expansis, calyce majore vix ad medium usque fisso, corolla subduplo breviore discedit ; ab etiam affini A. n eriifolia (King et Prain) Airy-Shaw foliis angustioribus, calyce 5-lobo nec subintegro, corolla multo minore, ab A. angustifolia (Knagg) Airy-Shaw pedicellis carnosis nec filiformibus, corolla breviter subconica, praecipue diilert. Stiff rutex epiphyticus, radicibus scandens, glaberrimus, basi bulbosa vel tumida (teste F. K. Ward), radices tuberosas anguste napiformes hinc inde emittens. Caules humiles, parce ramosi, 30-40 cm alti 1-2 mm. crassi, terctcs, lenticellis parvis sparsis praediti, cortice cinereo- brunneo. Foha alterna, subdistiche disposita, lanceolato-linearia lO-lo cm. longa, 0-7 1-3 cm lata, in apicem acutissimum sensim attenuate basi in petiolum robustum 2-4 mm. longum supra canal? culatum rotundato-contracta, marline valde revnln+o ™ • P C . 8 cm bngi aiis l te ^6 !6 68’ COrymbosi> » breviores, usque bracteae ft brae Jl ^T' aPIcem versus incrassata, striata ; sitae PeJZn; , • minutlsslmae> deltoideae, ima basi pediceUorum tionibus So l m a-I1S VerS"S COuferti> ex ^veolis velut excava- incrassati ^ "r.,1’0”na basl. sublto va^e contracti, apicem versus diametrn ’ 2 ' 2, cm’ lon8'’ aPlce articulati et in cupulam 2-5 mm. eimn f °pVariUm (^eptaculum) sub anthesin semi-gmplectentem etPla “• ftexptaculum subglobosum, sub anthesin 2-3 mm. longum diamefrn’ 8ed.P?st fecundationem mox valde auctum, usque 1 cm. diametro’ 8tC,a,rlat'n,'m- CahJx breviter ellipsoideo-cylindricus, 5-6 mm. trianmilat;) 0 • • mm> lon8° membranaceo 5-ncrvi, lobis anguste CoroUa nvr Uj .circite* 3 rnm- ^ngia basi 1-3 mm. latis acutissimis. ciroifpr 1Il(*ri^°‘conica» 1*3-1 -4 cm. longa, basi circiter 4 mm., ore gj i ^ IJ11o. diametro, lobis brevissimis deltoideis acutis vix reeurvis, circit a> r Vlri glaucescens, basi siccitate pallidiore. Filamenta er ° mm* l°uga, glabra, nonnunquam abnormaliter in tubum plus 2 minus perfecte connata. Antherae anguste lanceolatae, 9-10 mm. longae, ad sinus corollae attingentes, thecis densissime scabro-papillosis circiter 4 mm. longis basi obscure appendiculatis, rostris siccitate pallidis laevibus 5-6 mm. longis inferne connatis dorso ecalcaratis. Stylus filiformis, 1*4 cm. longus, stigmate inconspicuo. Fructus ignotus. Assam. Mishmi Hills : Thumath Summit, 1836, Griffith (Kew distrib. no.) 3480 (type) : — “ Frutex epiphytic. Pedunc. pedicell. calyc. rosaceo-carneis, alab. livido-caeruleis.” Camp, Chibaon, Delei Valley, 28° 10' N., 96° 30' E., 1800 m., 6 Apr. 1928, F. K. Ward 8021 “ An epiphytic root climber. Base bulbous. Corolla green ; pedicel, calyx and ovary scarlet. Flowers passing over. A somewhat straggling and lolling plant of the temperate rain forest.” Originally collected by Griffith nearly a century ago, A. linearifolia was described from Griffith’s sterile specimens by C. B. Clarke in the Flora of British India and relegated to the species non satis notae. Capt. Kingdon Ward’s excellent material now enables A. linearifolia to be assigned its proper place in the genus. From A. nutans Dunn it is readily distinguished by the glabrous peduncle, by the conspicuous cupular apical expansion of the pedicels, and by the calyx segments being connate halfway or more. From A. angustifolia (Knagg) Airy- Shaw, which agrees with the present plant in the points just mentioned, A. linearifolia differs in its thickened, almost fleshy peduncle and pedicels, and in its short, subconical corolla. The occasional occurrence of flowers in which the filaments are connate into a tube (fig. 8) affords an interesting parallel to some American genera of Thihaudieae , such as Satyria Klotzsch, in which united filaments are a constant feature. — H. K. Airy-Siiaw. Fiq. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, leaf, lower surface, natural size ; 3, apex of pedicel, receptacle and calyx, x 3 ; 4, the same, with part of calyx cut away to show disk and style, x 3 ; 5, part of coroUa from within, x 3 ; 6, stamen, lateral view, x 6 ; 7, the same, abaxial view, x 6 ; 8, three stamens, abaxial view, showing occasional abnormal union of filaments, x 3. cj 256 S.K-C Tabula 3256. AGAPETES PENSILIS Airy-Skaw. Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae. A. pensilis Airy-Shaw in Kew. Bull. 1935, 52 ; ex affinitate remotiore A. Hosseanae Diels, A. yunnanensis Franch., A. Alannii Hemsl. (omnium pariter filamentis longis pubescentibus gaudentium) ; caulibus dense pilosis, foliis parvis ovatis coriaceis, et praecipue florum sub- sessilium subsolitariorum receptaculo cum corolla hirsuto facile recognoscenda. Snffrutex epiphyticus, scandens, a ramis arborum longe pendulus, ramosissimus. Caules graciles, 1-2 mm. (vetustiores usque 3 mm.) crassi, dense et longiuscule brunneo-pilosi, e parte basali radices napelliformes usque 3*5 cm. longas emittentes. Folia parva, ovata usque elliptico- oblonga, 1-1-6 cm. longa, 0- 5-1*1 cm. lata, basi angustato-rotundata, apice obtusa usque subacuta, apiculata, margine integerrimo leviter revoluto pauciciliato vel fere eciliato, utraque pagina pilis paucis brevibus aegre v.s.bihbus conspersa (sed folia innovationum plus minus dense pubesccntia), supra siccitate surde viridia, rugulosa, subtus pallidiora, plana, coriacea, costa et nervis supra impressis subtus XTvTi- P'"”/- 1 ">'»■ hf vel JC tS , 9 ; " fr,,lnl’ Ut Vldeflr parcissime editi, subsessiles, pedicello (1“ ! j ng0; . Recef™uhm turbinatum, circiter 2 mm. diametro et aeq longum, totum longe ac dense setoso-pilosum. Calycis segmenta l * ra.’ ovat°‘deltoidea, circiter 2 mm. longa et basi subaequilata, 8u acuminata, acuta, dorso longe pilosa sed minus dense ac receptacu- m. toroUa cylmdrica, sursum levissime angustata, tubo 1 -7 cm. longo cirot me^r° a^o_ roseo_vittato, segmentis deltoideis viridibus iteri 6r basi aequilatis acutis recmvis apice ipso aibig1*! r?clf!rvo» ex^ra longiuscule et densiuscule glanduloso-pilosa, pilis sparsiu i mm' ^on8|s glandulis fuscis oblongis, fauce breviter et leviter dMerndul°S0’Pil080- Filamenta libera, lineari-subulata, basi Anthc ai i .a> Plana’ circiter 12 mm- longa et 0-5 mm. lata, pilosa. fila ^evi^er cohaerentes, anguste lanceolatae, 6 mm. longae, do 18 8Ubaequilatae, circiter 1 mm. supra basin rotundatam noip1 ae> rostr*8 Ubejis apicem versus subattenuatis rigidis parte m » i- ?ra PauH° longioribus subobtusis poro oblongo dehiscentibus, e 10 oorso calcaribus duobus papilloso-scabridis angulo recto porrectis 2 angulo recto iterum sursum refractis totis circiter 1-5 mm. longis instructae, antherarum alternarum calcaribus porrectioribus. Stylus filiformis, 1 -7 cm. longus, glaber, stigmate truncato obscure denticulato vix expanso. Fructus ignotus. Upper Burma. Valley of the Seinghku, 28° 5' N., 97° 30' E., 2400- 2700 m., 25 Sept. 1926, F. K. Ward 7458 (type) : — u A pendent epiphyte in the upper rain forest, hanging from the boughs of large trees by the yard, or curtaining their trunks. Flowers striped pink and white with a green toothed rim. Small carrot-like water-storing tubers occur at the base, but these are very small compared with the large globular structures found on other species which grow in parts of Burma where there is a long dry season.” N.W. Yunnan. Prope fines Tibeto-Birmanicas inter fluvios Lu-djiang (Salween) et Djiou-djiang (Irrawadi or. sup.), in jugi Tschiangschel, 27° 52', lateris occid. pluviisilva mixta temperata, substr. granitico, circiter 2800-3450 m., 5 Jul. 1916, Handel- Mazzetti 9352 (Herb. Kew.) : — “ Frutex epiphyticus pendulus bulbos lignosos edens.” Closely related to A. spissa and A. brachypoda , especially the latter, with which it agrees in the indumentum of the receptacle. The leaves, however, are considerably smaller than those of A. brachypoda , and the rather stiff pubescence of the undersurface distinguishes it from both the species mentioned. — H. K. Airy-Shaw. Fig. 1, flowering branch, showing pendent habit, natural size ; 2, leaf, lower surface, x 2 ; 3, receptacle and calyx, x 3 ; 4, the same, two sepals removed to show disk and style, x 3 ; 5, part of corolla from within, x 3 ; 6, stamen (filament in adaxial view, anther in lateral view), x 3 ; 7, upper part of filament with anther, abaxial view, x 6 ; 8, the same, lateral view, x 6. UL Tabula 3257. AGAPETES BRACHYPODA Airy -Shaw. Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae. A. brachypoda Airy-Shaw in Kcw Bull. 1935, 51 ; A. pensili Airy- Shaw affinis, ramis robustis parum ramosis, foliis duplo maioribus crassius coriaceis glaberrimis distincta. J Suffrutex parvus, patulus, interdum epiphyticus. Rami robusti recti, subsimplices, usque 5 mm. diametro, dense patenti-hirsuti’ innovationibus ferrugineo-hirtis. Folia breviter ovata usque elliptica’ 1 -5-2-1 cm. longa, 1-1-5 cm. lata, basi subcuneata usque rotundata’ apice rotundata, apiculata, margine revoluto integerrimo vel bine inde cilio vel vestigio denticuli minuti interrupto, crasse rigide coriacea glaberrima, siccitate pagina superiore rugulosa, cinereo-viridia paaina mferiore laevia laete brunnescentia ; costa et nervi supra impress subtus prominuli ; petiolus brevissimus, 1-2 mm. longus, transverse rugosus, basi perul.s lmean-subulatis setiformibus usque 3 mm m2 “to, ti blS' “ff ToIuto rcmo" c'*'ata- •cutis'cfclrti “ettoi'i P""Ulr Sllp“ b“sin btacta>li“ bini, ov.tis ciliolatis '»! , P7"l“ F“"C!8 pa™ btu,m«is membranaceis dansevestiinm 9 /'"J’J"1”* °bconicuni, codcu, modo ac 4_g ]n ’ , 4 mm' dui,n('>tro. Calycis segmenta ovato-lanceolata, submem 1m, t’a’ aM circlte.r “ mm- lata. breviter acuminata, acuta, fere ofr;nt ,C-eaj n<'rvos,a’ lnclumento duplici parce vestita. Corolla vittata I,:; cy1n'<lr1lca’ lnferne levissime ampliata, alba, frenuiter roseo- breviter rinl & 1’7 cm. longo 5-6 mm. lato extra indumento duplici pubescen/o C6nte -lntU8 basln versus Parce breviter et subtiliter intusmin l8egm,?nt'8 trmngularibus reflexis 1-2 mm. longis acutis applanntii l P„aplUcT marg'nibu8 glabrescentibus. Filamenla linearia, Paullo si, ’ i Cl-U' onga’ O’® mm- lata, copiose pubescentia, basi vel latarn „i P™ ba‘l’n m. dl,atation<?m oblongam 2 mm. longam 1 mm. a 1 nm akruptiuscule ampliata. Antherae leviter cohaerentes, 2_3 ' 1 ° longo-lanceolatae, filamento dorsaliter basifixae eique versiiim*+ Ilatac, 6 mm. longae, vix 1 mm. latae, rostris liberis apicem •s ‘ittenuatis rigidis parte pollinifera brevioribus (2*5 : 3*5 mm.), 2 dorso supra medium calcaribus duobus papilloso-scabridis iis A. pensilis simillimis instructae. Stylus filiformis, 1 • 7 cm. longus, glaber, stigmate minuto vix expanso. Fructus ignotus. Upper Burma. Mountains east of Fort Hertz, 27° 30' N., 97° 50' E., 1800 m., 5 Sept. 1926, F. K. Ward 7369 “ Small spreading undershrub on rocks or trees ; young foliage scarlet. Flowers white, with thin pale pink stripes.” Allied to A. spissa, but quite distinct in its sparse branching and rounded-ovate leaves. The scarlet young foliage recalls the similar phenomenon in another member of the Ericaceae , namely Pieris formosa (Wall.) D. Don. — H. K. Airy-Shaw. Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, leaf, lower surface, x 2 ; 3, receptacle and calyx, x 3 ; 4, the same, two sepals removed to show disk and style, x 3 ; 5, part of corolla from within, x 3 ; 6, stamen, lateral view, x 3 ; 7, upper part of filament with anther, abaxial view, x 6 ; 8, the same, lateral view, x 6. <5258 m sn ^-VYj «r 7 fj8£7''\ - ,y^|j \Wlr^r^jA , . jI whzT/^ JTi \ 'iwm / i A. . < \Ny| foj! d] /"/•'•') *y 7i/;: KW;; ;i ;•.■ iS#JlS ,v*fe ■v,V »:! •;,/#«.. t;j riVV*; '!; 7 ;: '} v- l . Tabula 3258. AGAPETES SPISSA Airy-Shaw. Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae. A. spissa Airy-Shaw in Kew Bull. 1935, 49 ; ex aflinitate A. pensilis Airy-Shaw et A. brachypodae Airy-Shaw, a quibus differt caulibus rigidis creberrime verticillato-ramificatis, foliis obovatis crenulato- denticulatis basi cuneatis nervis utrinque pulchre prominenter reticu- latis ; habitu atque foliorum figura A. Wardii W. W. Sin. accedens, a qua tamen calycis hirsuti segraentis brevibus, corolla pubescente et foliis denticulatis (nec integerrimis) recedit. Suffrutex parvus, epiphyticus. Caules robusti, rigidi, dense ramosi, usque 5 ram. crassi, cortice fusco-brunneo longitudinaliter striato lenticellis parvis pallidis rotundis vel lateraliter elongatis parce notato ; rami miro raodo verticillati vel subverticillati, usque 10 ex eodem loco ut videtur nascentes, rigidi, recti, patuli, foliosissimi, dense patenti- hirsuti, perulis lineari-lanceolatis 5-10 cm. longis membranaceis brunneis vel eorura vestigiis emarcidis etiam crebre vestiti ; innovationes longe ferrugineo-hirsuti. Folia obovata, rarius subelliptica, 2-2*5 cm. longa, 7-10 mm. lata, in petiolum brevissimum cuneato-angustata, apice subacuta usque subobtusa, margine subrevoluta crenulato- denticulata denticulis minute apiculatis, basin versus subintegra, glabernma, supra mtida siccitate surde fusco-viridia, subtus obscuriora palhdiora (innovationum subpurpurascentia) ; costa et nervi utrinque pulchre prominenter reticulati, intra marginem anastomosantes ; petiolus subnullus. Flores solitarii, axillares, pedicello circiter 2 mm. longo basi perulis vel bracteolis paucis minutis instructo. Receptaculum obconicum, pedicello distincte articulatum, 2-3 mm. diametro, subtiliter pubescens. Calycis segmenta breviter connata, ovarto-triangularia, 8U acuminata, acuta, 2-3 mm. longa, 1 *5 mm. lata, extra parce breviter pu escentia. Corolla subcylindrica, apicem versus leviter angustata, -angulata, tenera, alba, tubo 1 cm. longo 3-4 mm. lato extra niinutissime puberulo et insuper secus angulos breviter glanduloso- pubescente, intus (maxime superne) minute pubescente, segmentis deltoideis acutis patenti-recurvis 1 mm. longis glabrescentibus. Fila- nienta angustissime linearia, applanata, 3-4 mm. longa, vix0*3mm. lata, crispule pubescent ia, basi in dilatationem rotundato-quadratara circiter 0*6 mm. diametro subito expansa. A ntherae leviter cohaerentes, 2 anguste lanceolatae, 5 mm. longae, filamento dorsaliter basifixae eique 1 mm. adnatae, thecis basi rotundatis et brevissime cornutis, rostris tenerrimis flexibilibus ut videtur planis dorso calcaratis, anther- arum alternarum calcaribus adscendentibus et deflexis minutissime vel vix papilloso-scaberulis. Stylus filiformis, 9-10 mm. longus, glaber, stigmate parvo subdisciformi pallido medio depresso. Fructus ignotus. Assam. Delei Valley, 28° 20' N., 96° 35/ E., 1500-1800 m., 24 July 1928, F. K. Ward 8479 : — “ A small epiphytic undershrub in the forest. Flowers white. Calyx, corolla and filaments pubescent or downy.” A species remarkable for its rigid, verticillate, densely leafy branches. A . Wardii is the only species of the group showing an approach to this habit, but, in addition to obvious floral differences, it has neither th§ crenulate-denticulate leaves nor the beautifully reticulate venation of A. spissa. — H. K. Airy-Shaw. Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, leaf, upper surface, x 1*5; 3, flower, with corolla and style removed, x 4 ; 4, gynoecium, x 6 ; 5, part of corolla from within, x 4 ; 6, stamen, abaxial view, x 6 ; 7, the same, lateral view, x 6. Tabula 3259. AGAPETES KANJILALI A. Das. Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae. A. Kanjilali A. Das in Assam Forest Records (Botany), i. 13, t. 6 (1934) ; Airy-Shawin Kew Bull. 1935, 49 ; ex affinitate A. yumanensis Franch. et A. Hosseanae Diels, a quibus foliis anguste elliptico- oblanceolatis retusis, receptaculo dense cinereo-puberulo, corolla sub- duplo longiore, filamentis glabris bene distinguitur. Frutex epiphyticus, ramis strictis usque 4 mm. diametro, cortice fusco obscure striato glabrescente, ramorumiuniorum minute puberulo. Folia anguste elliptico-oblanceolata, 2*5-3 cm. longa, 7-9 mm. lata basi in petiolum 1-2 mm. longum transverse minute rugosum cuneato- angustata, apicem versus leviter angustata, retusa, margine revoluta integerrima, coriacea, glaberrima, siccitate supra fusca subtus sub- castanea, nervis obscuns. Flores solitarii, ex axillis 2-3 subterminalibus valde approximate orti, suberecti vel patentes ; pedicelli 5-6 mm longi, subtilitcr striati, cinereo-puberuli, basi bracteis perulisque paucis parvis subulatis brurmeo-membranaceis ciliolatis sufTulti XeceptMuhm oblongo-obovoideum, circiter 2-5 mm. longum, 1-2 mm' d ametr0, dense cinereo-tomentellum. Calyx cupularis, in receptaculum abrupte contractus, circiter 4 mm. longus, cinereo-puberulus seg- narfS angUSt.e dcl^ld(:'s acuminatis acutissimis usque ad te’rtiam partem connatis . Corolla anguste subcylindrica, circiter 3-8 cm. longa (inclusis lobis deltoideis acuminatis acutis 3-4 mm. longis), til'f mm diametro, basin versus letter attenuata, extra sparse sub- el * 61 haud transverse notata. Filamenta inordinaliter ^ongata, circiter 2 *8 cm. longa, lineari-filiformia, glaberrima. Antherae ciroit a b*e.ves>. cm. longae, angustissime lanceolatae, dorso i, 1 er niedio bicalcaratae, calcaribus usque ad medium connatis e^.a lm sursum et deorsum spectantibus, rostris ut videtur in unum Fruct 8 ’ c*rc^er ^ cm* longus, glaber, stigmate vix expanso. Assam. Lakhimpur District : Makum Range, 105 m., April 1914, *fiark d^ Kanjilal 4090 : — Epiphytic. Corolla not transversely 2 Vernacular name (Assam) : “ Horu Gumani.” The present species was recognized as new, and the accompanying plate and description were prepared for publication, several months before the first number of Assam Forest Records , in which A. Kanjilali appeared, was received at Kew (Dec. 1934). It is thought advisable to publish them, since the original description of the species is somewhat brief, and certain floral details on the plate are not quite accurate. Instances of the latter are the curiously Fuchsia- like corolla, stated to be “ more or less diagrammatic ” but quite unlike anything in Agapetes with which the present writer is acquainted ; the anther- thecae apparently dehiscing by slits and represented as quite distinct from their beaks, which have the appearance of a prolongation of the connective ; the spurs, in one case, arising from the front instead of from the back of the beaks ; and the barrel-shaped rather than subdiscoid stigma. As the specimen figured in Assam Forest Records is part of the same collection ( Kanjilal 4090) as that from which our plate was drawn, it seems probable that the artist, in attempting to give the dissections a life-like appearance, drew rather more freely upon his imagination than the condition of the dried material warranted. His habit-figure, on the other hand, gives a good idea of the plant. Das gives A. buxifolia Nutt, as the nearest ally of A. Kanjilali , but, beyond the fact that both species are referable to the Series Longifiles , there is no very close affinity between them. In foliage, A. Kanjilali is similar to A. Hosseana Diels, but the much larger flowers, densely tomentellous calyx-tube (receptacle) and unusually elongate glabrous filaments readily distinguish it from that species and its immediate allies. — H. K. Airy-Shaw. Fig. ], flowering branch, natural size ; 2, receptacle and calyx, x 4 ; 3, the same, with part of calyx cut away to expose disk and base of style, x 4 ; 4, apex of style, with stigma, x 4; 5, part of corolla from within, x 1-5; 6, stamen, adaxial view, x 1 -5 ; 7, apex of filament, with anther, lateral view, x 4 ; 8, the same, abaxial view, x 4. 3260 Tabula 3260. MARISCUS BOWMANNI (F. Muell.) C. B. Clarke. Cyperaceae. Tribus Cypereae. M. Bowmanni ( F . Muell.) C. B. Clarke in Kew Bull., Add. Ser. viii. 20 (1908). Cy penis Bowmanni F. Muell. ex Benth. FI. Austral, vii. 287 (1878) ; F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. FL 592 (1883) ; Queensl. FI. vi. 1749 (1902) ; Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 591 (1913). M. Dietrichiae subsp. Bowmannii Domin in Bibl. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 436 (1915). — Affinis M. Dietrichiae C. B. Clarke, a qua statura minore, culmis gracil- lirnis debilibus, foliis angustioribus, inflorescentia simplici distinguitur. Planta annua, gracilis, glabra. Rhizoma breve, nodulosum. Culmi laxc caespitosi, graciles, suberecti vel patentes, usque 45 cm. alti. Folia gracilia, culmo fere aequilonga, 2-4 mm. lata, in acumen tenue attenuata, marginibus apicem versus antrorse scabridis. Bracteae involucrales 3-4, patentes, foliis similes, valde inaequales, usque 40 cm. longae. Anthela simplex, 1-6-radiata ; radii patentes, valde inaequales gracillimi, usque 5-5 cm. longi. Spicae 15-35 mm. longae, 18-45 mm! latae, 7-15-spiculatae. Spiculae laxissime dispositae, patulae, infimae saepe valde reflexae, 10-24 mm. longae, fere 1 mm. latae, anguste lineares, subteretes, 5-9-florae ; rhachifla alis latis hyalinis praedita. Sqvamae stenes 2, inaequales, usque 1-5 mm. longae, persistentes. Sqi<amae fertiles usque 2 mm. inter se distantes, 2*5-3 mm. longae, 11-nerviae, ellipticae et obtusae (explanatae), carina latiuscula vine 1, ceterum flavidae, marginibus rhachillam arete amplectentibus. lamina 3. Stylus profunde trifidus, ramis elongatis exsertis. Nnx triquetra, ambitu oblonga, leviter curvata, latitudine sua circiter triplo ongior, brunnea, alis rhachillae arete comprehensa atque hae invicem squama amplectente comprehensa. Queensland. Leichhardt District: Herbert’s Creek, Bowman. Moreton District : near Moggill, on roadside in open Eucalyptus forest, on sandstone and conglomerate ridges, 9 Nov. 1930, C. E. Hubbard 4883 ; near Mt. Gravatt and Sunnybank Cemetery Reserve, on road¬ side through open Eucalyptus forest, 30 March 1931, C. E. Hubbard 8072 ; Taylor Range : Mt. Coot-tha, near Brisbane, in depression where water had been standing, in open Eucalyptus forest, 150 m., ^ April 1930, C. E. Hubbard 2044 ; Brisbane River, Bailey ; Moreton Say, Leichhardt. 2 Mariscus Bowmanni belongs to that group of species considered' by Schrader to represent a distinct genus, Diclidium. The main features upon which this genus was based were the terete or subterete many- flowered spikelets and the keel-less squamae. In essentials, Diclidium was identical with Mariscus , and subsequent workers have failed to maintain it, although Bentham retained Diclidium as a sectional name under his all-embracing Cy penis. The localities cited above are all in Southern Queensland, the most northerly record being that of the type specimen, which was collected by Bowman at Herbert’s Creek, a few miles south of the tropic of Capricorn. The species appears to be definitely coastal and is restricted apparently to open Eucalyptus forest where it is generally found in damp situations. M. Bowmanni has also been recorded for New South Wales ; Moore (Handb, FL N.S. Wales, 450: 1893) stales that it is found in the “ northern parts of the colony,” while Turner (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxx. 84 : 1905) records it from the north-western area. The latter statement seems doubtful and may have been based on an incorrect determination. There are no specimens of it from New South Wales in the Kew collections. Domin in Bibl. Bot. xx. 430 (1915) reduced M. Bowmanni to a sub¬ species of M. Dietrichiae. The latter species, which occurs further north in Queensland, has a very robust habit, much wider leaves and a compound inflorescence. The two species, although obviously related, differ in so many respects that specific segregation seems unavoidable. Also included by Domin as a subspecies of M. Dietrichiae is a plant collected on Mt. Remarkable near Pentland, which bears a distinct resemblance to M. Bowmanni . It was described by him as subsp. brevibracteatus and was accompanied by a figure reproduced from a photograph. There is no specimen of this “ subspecies ” at Kew, the type pre¬ sumably being at Prague, but from the description and figure it seems to be closely related to M. Bowmanni. — F. Ballard. FlO. 1, entire plant, x J; 2, a flowering culm, natural size ; 3a, 3b, 3c, a floret in hack, three-quarter front and side view, x 15 ; 4, a floret, somewhat advanced, x 20 ; 5, a ripe nut, x 20 ; 6, diagram to show ripe nut with enveloping squama and rhacliilla wings. •3261 Tabula 3261. ECHINOPOGON INTERMEDIUM C. E. Hubbard. Gramineae. Tribus Festuceae. E. intermedius G. E. Hubbard ; species nova, ab E. ovato (G. Forst.) Beauv., spiculis majoribus, glumarum carinis rigide ciliatis, aristis longioribus, ovario plerumque glabro distinguenda. Gramen perenne, laxe caespitosum, 25-90 cm. altum, e rhizomate gracili ortum. Culmi erecti vel basi geniculati, rigidi, graciles, simplices, 3-4-nodes, striati, retrorse scaberrimi. Foliorum vaginae internodiis breviores, glabrae, plerumque retrorse scabrae ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad 1 mm. longae ; laminae lineares vel lanceolato- lineares, acutae, 2*5-13 cm. longae, 3-7 mm. latae, planae, firmae, glabrae, scabrae. Panicula erecta, densissima, ovata, ovato-oblonga vel oblonga, 3-6 cm. longa, 2-4 cm. lata (aristis inclusis). Spiculae lineari-oblongae, 5-7 mm. longae, pallide virides, inferiores tandem honzontahter patentes. Glumae ambitu anguste lanceolatae, acumi- natae, tenuiter acutae, carina supra basin laxe et rigide ciliata Lemma ambitu lineari-lanceolatum, 5 mm. longum, 5-7-nerve bilobum lobis seta rigida scabrida 2-2 • 5 mm. longa terminate ; calks obtusus’ ? US<1Ue-afd 2 mm'.lon«i8 dense barbatus; arista rigida! 10-25 mm. longa, inferne mmutissime hispidula, superne scabra Palea lanceolata, carinis apicem versus scabrido-ciliolata. Antherae i 0-4 mm longae. Ovarium apice plerumque glabrum vel raro pills paucis praeditum. Caryopsis anguste ellipsoidea, 3-3-5 mm. longa. Queensuand. Darling Downs District: Dalveen, March 1916, ™ 41; Warwick, March 1911, Boorman ; Inglewood, Dec. 1933, Rum ; W?.berba’ creek banks, 830-900 m., Jan. 1933, Blake 4630 ; aid Mountain, shady places along creek bank, 900 m., Jan. 1933, Wake 4477. New Sooth Wales. Liverpool Plains, Moore 112. Gough County : Kpa n?' *n c^eare(^ Eucalyptus forest country, on hill slope, March T 1? Hubbard 8217. Hardinge County : Howell, Jan. 1906, Boorman. is County : Walcha Road, Dec. 1912, Boorman (tvpe). Harden bounty ; Burrinjuck, Feb. 1911, Boorman. I lie main diagnostic characters of the genus Echinopogon are as follows : — Panicle spike-like ; spikelets usually 1-flowered, laterally 2 compressed ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and produced beyond the floret as a minute or elongated bristle ; glumes subequal, keeled, mostly 1 -nerved ; lemma becoming indurated, 5-11 -nerved, as long as or longer than the glumes, usually awned from the 2-lobed tip or from just below the entire tip ; caryopsis free but tightly embraced by the lemma and palea, and with a linear elongated hilum. Bentham (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 1145) and Hackel (Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ii. Abt. 2, 48) refer this genus to the tribe Agrosteae, on account of the 1 -flowered spikelets, but the structure of the lemma, the prolongation of the rhachilla beyond the floret, together with the occasional occurrence in E. ovatus of a second floret (N.S. Wales : Richmond River, Stephe?ison) point to a relationship with genera of the Festuceae. This is recognized by Morris in Ewart's Flora of Victoria (p. 109), where he transfers it to that tribe. Echinopogon Beauv. has usually been restricted to the original species E. ovatus (G. Forst.) Beauv. An examination of the material of this genus in the Brisbane, Kew and Sydney Herbaria, together with a study of living plants, has demonstrated, however, the existence of a number of well-defined although closely related types which seem worthy of recognition as distinct species. Descriptions of these are given below, together with a key to assist in their identification. For some years it has been known that Echino'pogon ovatus (sensu lato), commonly known as Rough Bearded Grass, is dangerous to stock.* It causes a peculiar form of staggers, the animals showing a stilted or staggery gait which on excitement increases to complete incoordination of the muscles of locomotion ; thus if the animals are frightened, they rush about and often die as the result of an accident. Calves, kids and lambs are more susceptible than fully grown animals. It is only in its young stages that the grass is harmful and the complaint is apparently only prevalent in the Northern Tableland of New South Wales where the genus attains its greatest development. Key to the species of Echinopogon. fSpikelets 5-10 mm. long ; glumes finely acute or acuminate ; lemma with setiform lobes up to 2*5 mm. long : Panicle nodding or inclined ; peduncle usually slender and smooth, especially just beneath the panicle, sometimes scaberulous ; ovary hairy at the apex, very rarely glabrous : Spikelets mostly 7-10 mm. long ; glumes loosely and rigidly ciliate on the keels . 1 . E. Cheelii. Spikelets 5-7 (rarely 8) mm. long ; glumes rigidly ciliolate or scabrid on the keels . 2. E. nutans. * See Henry & Massey in Agric. Gaz. N.S. Wales, xxii. 116 (1911) ; Seddon & Came, l.c. xxxvii. 684 (1926), and in N.S. Wales, Dept. Agric. Sci. Bull. no. 26. 34 (1926) ; Seddon in Rep. Austral. &, New Zeal. Assoc. Adv. Sci. xx. 412, 419 (193l)» and in Agric. Gaz. N.S. Wales, xlv. 505 (1934). 3 Panicle stiffly erect ; peduncle retrorsely scabrid ; ovary usually glabrous ; spikelets 5-7 mm. long ; glumes loosely and rigidly ciliate on the keels . 3. E. intermedins. tfSpikelets 2*5-5 mm. long ; glumes acute to obtuse ; lemma acutely 2-lobed or entire at the apex, rarely with the lobes setiform and up to 1 *5 mm. long ; panicle stiffly erect, rarely nodding (?) : Spikelets 3-5 mm. long ; awns usually over 3 mm. and up to 15 mm. long ; glumes smooth or asperulous on the sides, very rarely minutely pubescent and then with well-developed awns ; panicle 0*8-10 cm. long, 0-8-2-5 cm. wide : Culms loosely to densely tufted, erect or geniculate at the base, 2-4-noded ; leaf-blades linear, erect, 1*5-5 mm. wide . . . . . 4. E. caespitosus. Culms loosely clustered or solitary, mostly geniculately ascending from a slender creeping rhizome, 3-7-noded ; leaf-blades lanceolate-linear to linear, the upper spreading or becoming deflexed, 2-8 mm. wide .... 5. A1, ovatus. Spikelets 2*5-4 mm. long (when over 3*5 mm. then awnless); awns or mucros 0*2-3 mm. long : Panicle 0*6-2 cm. long, 0*6-1 *2 cm. wide, bristly ; spikelets 2 *5-3 *5 mm. long; lemma usually awned with the awn up to 3 mm. long . . 6. E. McKiei. Panicle 1*5-3 cm. long, 0*6-0 *8 cm. wide, not bristly* spikelets 3*5-4 mm. long; lemma mucronate, with the mucro 0-2-1 -5 mm. long . 7. E. phleoides. Enumeration of species. Hubbard^ffiS E' \hfKlT'1 ; sPecies nova> E. intermedia C. E. Hubbard affims, pamcula tandem nutante, pedunculo infra mnienkm gracillimo plerumque laevi vei fere laevi, ve mean-lanceolatis, ovano apice dense breviter hirsute distinguenda. ffmmen perenne, laxe caespitosum, 2-10 dm. altum. Culmi erecti nod n!81 gemculatl> graciles vel validiusculi, striati, simplices, ^-5-nodes, nanio, l Ver8iUS .retr1orse scabri, internodio summo gracillimo infra Pier m m aeV1 Ve mmUte scaberul° raro scabro. Foliorvm vaginae iuferio ^UG r( ^rorse scabrae, striatae, internodiis breviores, glabrae vel 1*5 nimS] iSParsc breviter pilosae ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad vel nun r °ngae ’ laminae lineares vel lanceolato-lineares, apice acutae Klabrae^( n*i eS’ USC*Ue a<^ ^ cm* *ongae et 10 mm. latae, planae, firmae, inarm nil^1 8parse P^osae> scaberulae vel supra et subtus laeves, Vel VUS ®caberulis et plerumque hispidulis. Panicula lanceolata lata ( *a •• ovat.0-°blonga, densa, nutans, 2*5-6 cm. longa, 1-3 cm. qUe y rjltls m°lU8i8). Spiculae lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae, plerum- 10 mm. longae, pallide virides, erectae vel inferiores leviter 4 patentes. Glumae ambitu anguste lanceolatae, tenuiter acutae, spiculae aequilongae, firme membranaceae, carina superne laxe et rigide ciliatae et scabridae. Lemma ambitu lineari-lanceolatum, 6-7 mm. longum, apicem versus minutissime hispidulum, bilobum, lobis seta rigida scabrida usque ad 2 • 5 mm. longa terminatis, 5-9-nerve ; callus pilis usque ad 1*5 mm. longis barbatus ; arista rigida, 0*8- 2*2 cm. longa, scabra vel inferne minutissime hispidula. Palea carinis supra medium ciliolata. Antherae 2*5-3 mm. longae. Ovarium apice dense breviter hirsutum. New South Wales. Gough County : Glen Innes, Cheel (type) ; “ Kelso,” Kangaroo Camp, Tingha Road, 30 miles from Guyra, 900 m., Jan. 1932, McKie 721 ; Glencoe, basaltic soil, 1140 m., Dec. 1931, McKie 723. Hardinge County : Inverness Road, Ollera, 18 miles N.W. of Guyra, Nov. 1931, McKie 720 ; Box Hills, 5 miles W. of Ben Lomond, basaltic soil, 1350 m., Dec. 1931, McKie 722. Clarke County : Aberfoyle Road, 13£ miles E. of Guyra, red basaltic soil, 1200 m., Nov. 1930, McKie 663. Sandon County : Guyra, McKie W. 37 ; Little Lagoon, 5 miles S. of Guyra, Dec. 1930, McKie 664. Vernon County : Moona Plains, March 1899, Crawford ; Yarrawitch, Dec. 1912, Boorman. Wallace County : Mt. Kosciusko, Sawpit Creek, Jan. 1898, Maiden. [Commonwealth Territory] : Gudgenby, Quean- beyan, Jan. 1912, Cambage 3404. Readily separated from E. ovatus by the more erect habit, relatively larger nodding panicles, usually smooth peduncles, much larger spikelets and longer awns. According to the Rev. Norman McKie this grass is found all over the Guyra district and in practically every kind of soil. It is possible that McKie no. 664 is a hybrid between E. Cheelii and E. intermedins \ it has a glabrous or hairy ovary, and a scabrid peduncle. 2. E. nutans C. E. Ilublxird ; species nova, ab E. ovato (G. Forst.) Beauv., panicula nutante, pedunculo prope paniculam gracillimo laevi vel nonnunquam scabro, spiculis majoribus, lemmate breviter bisetoso distinguenda. Gramen perenne, e rhizomate gracili ortum, usque ad 7 dm. altum* Culmi laxe caespitosi vel solitarii, erect i vel basi geniculati, graciles, simplices, 4-8-nodes, praecipue nodos versus retrorse scabri, props paniculam gracillimi, laeves vel nonnunquam scabri. Foliorur n vaginae internodiis tandem breviores, retrorse scabrae, glabrae vel inferiores breviter pilosae ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad 1 mm. longae i laminae lineares, breviter acutae vel apice pungent es, 2-15 cm. longae 3-6 mm. latae, planae, firmae, glabrae, plus minusve scaberulae* Panicula nutans, ovato-oblonga vel plerumque oblonga, densa, 2-5*5 cm. longa, 0*8-2 cm. lata (aristis inclusis). Spiculae appress^e, lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae, 5-7 (raro 8) mm. longae, pallide virides- 5 Glumae spiculae aequilongae vel inferior paullo brevior, ambitu anguste lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceolatae, tenuiter acutae, fir me membranaceae, Carina superne rigide ciliolatae vel raro scabrae. Lemma ambitu lineare vel lineari-lanceolatum, spiculae plerumque aequilongum, bilobum, lobis seta scabra 1-2 mm. longa terminates, 5-nerve ; callus pilis usque ad 1 mm. longis barbatus ; arista rigida, 6—14 mm. longa, scabra. Palea carinis supra medium scabra vel rigide ciliolata. Antherae circiter 1 mm. longae. Caryopsis anguste oblonga, 3 mm. longa, apice dense breviter hirsuta. Queensland. Port Curtis District : Rosedale, in rocky watercourse, Jan. 1932, Dovey G 95. Burnett District: Coalstoun Lakes, fairly common in Eucalyptus forest, May 1931, White 7715. Wide Bav District: Booyal, via Childers, April 1931, Coleman 1. Moreton District: Toogoolawah, April 1931, Alexander 4; North Pine River, on somewhat shaded land, Dec. 1930, Blake 93 ; Enoggera Creek near Brisbane, April 1908, White ; Taylor Range, Mt. Coot-tha, near Brisbane, on slopes in open Eucalyptus forest, shaly soil, 150 m., April 1930, Hubbard 2047 ; Brisbane., Albert Park, Bailey ; banks of Brisbane River, in partial shade, Nov. 1930, Hubbard 4810 (type), Bailey , Dec. 1917, White ; near Mt. Gravatt and Sunnybank Cemetery Reserve, in open Eucalyptus forest, March 1931, Hubbard 8073 ; Waterford, Mead ; Tambourine Mtn., in open Eucalyptus forest, together with Themeda australis and Poa australis , 540 m., May 1930* Hubbard 2447 ; between Calvert and Lanefield, in grassland, cleared Eucalyptus forest country, April 1930, Hubbard 2112 ; Mt. Mistake in open Eucalyptus forest, amongst Themeda australis , 450 m Nov 1930 Hubbard 5254 ; Bcenleigh, Jan. 1932, Michael 1914 • foot of Mt* Barney m Eucalyptus forest, along river courses and on alluvial flats', Dec. 1932, White 8752. Darling Downs District: Toowoomba in mrn t?b' Su ,, 5901 ; hilw» in »p» ) m., Feb. 1934, Blake 5140 ; Spring Creek, near Killarney on s opes in cleared Eucalyptus forest country, March 1931, Hubbard 5821. E. nutans var major C. E. Hubbard; varietas nova, a typo recedens culn.s validionbus usque ad 1-2 m. altis, panicula 4-7-5 cm. longa, ■is usque ad 2 cm. longis, ovario glabro vel fere glabro. nf South TV ales. Hardinge County : Wandsworth, 15 miles N.W. t'uyra, 1080 m., Dec. 1931, McKie 717, 718, 719 (type). foif 'Tr nutans ’s common occurrence in the Eucalyptus 8j s, 8 ° Moreton District in Queensland. On account of the ttiut ( ^ Pe^Unc^es> usually oblong panicles bend over and nod at » ]W ^his character the species may be easily distinguished P*ui 1 °Va^us latter having stiffly erect, more ovate -6 3. E. intermedius C . E. Hubbard , supra (t. 3261). Distrib. Southern Queensland and New South Wales. 4. E. caespitosus C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, affinis E. ovato (G. Forst.) Beauv., a quo culmis laxe vel dense caespitosis erectis vel basi leviter geniculatis 2-4-nodibus, foliorum laminis inferioribus plerumque longioribus erectis, spiculae rhachilla breviore saepe glabra, ovario saepe glabro vel fere glabro recedit. Gramen perenne, laxe vel dense caespitosum, usque ad 1 m. altum. Culmi erecti vel basi geniculati, graciles vel validiusculi, rigidi, simplices, 2-4-nodes, retrorse scabri vel laeves. Foliorum vaginae tandem internodiis breviores, tenuiter striatae, glabrae, retrorse scabrae vel laeves ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad 2 mm. longae ; laminae lineares, in apicem durum subobtusum attenuatae, usque ad 25 cm. longae, - 1 *5-5 mm. lata©, planae, firmae, glabrae vel nonnunquam pubescentes, scaberulae vel plus minusve laeves. Panicula oblonga vel lanceolata, densa vel densissima, continua vel inferne interrupta, erecta vel raro nutans (?), 1-10 cm. longa, 0*8-2 cm. lata (aristis inclusis). Spiculae lineari-oblongae vel oblongae, 3-5 mm. longae, virides vel purpuras- I centes. Glmnae ambitu lanceolatae, lanceolato- vel lineari-oblongae, acutae vel subacutae, spiculae aequilongae vel paullo breviores, firme i membranaceae, carina scabrae vel superne rigide ciliolatae. Lemma j ambitu lanceolatum vel lanceolato-oblongum, spiculae aequilongum, | apice bilobum vel integrum, lobis brevibus obtusis vel acutis raro setiformibus et usque ad 1 *5 mm. longis, 5-7-nerve ; callus pilis circiter 1 mm. longis barbatus ; arista rigida, usque ad 1 *4 cm. longa, scabra. | Palea carinis apicem versus scabra vel scabrido-ciliolata. Antherae 1-2 mm. longae. Ovarium apice glabrum vel nonnunquam plus i minusve breviter pilosum. Queensland. Darling Downs District : Stanthorpe, Feb. 1889 and 1891, Bailey , in cleared Eucalyptus forest country, in granite grit, March 1931, Hubbard 5710; Wallangarra, Dec. 1903, Maiden and Boorman , Nov. 1912 and April 1914, Boorman , in Eucalyptus forest, 1000 m., Jan. 1933, Blake 4421, 4689; Hampton, Oct. 1931, Kerr ; Wyberba, shady creek bank, 830 m., Jan. 1933, Blake 4544. Moreton District: foot of Mt. Barney, along creek sides, Dec. 1932, White 8748. New South Wales. New England, Stuart. Clive County : Tenter- field, near Sandy Hills, Hindman. Hardinge County : Ollera, light soil (trap rock), 1080 m., Jan. 1932, McKie 726, 727 ; Black Gully* Tingha Road, 7 miles N.W. of Guyra, hard white soil, Dec. 1930, McKie 665, Jan. 1932, McKie 733. Sandon County : Red Hill, 3 miles N. Armidale, slate formation, 990 m., Dec* 1931, McKie 724, 725. Macquarie County : Hastings River, Beckler. Northumberland County • Awaba, near Newcastle, Nov. 1914, Boorman. Blue Mountains, Deo. 1882, Betche; near Katoomba, in railway enclosure, common, Apn 7 1931, Hubbard 8453 (type). Paramatta, May 1800, Caley (Herb. Mus. Brit.). Hornsby, near Sydney, April and Oct. 1914, Blakely. Sydney, Hooker , Stephenson 110 ; Homebush, Sydney, on shale, June 1930, Vickery 9, 10; North Sydney, Jan. 1912. Cleland ; Port Jackson, Ga udichaud, Moore , Brown 6217 (Herb. Mus. Brit., partim). Ingleburn, 28 miles S. of Sydney, on shale, May 1931, Blakely and McKie 734. Vincent County : Kangaroo Valley, 12 miles W. of Nowra, April 1929, Rodway ; Huskisson, Jervis Bay, Dec. 1925 and April 1929, Rodway. Wynyard County : Wagga Wagga, Whittet 1. Without precise locality, Sieber 89 (Herb. Mus. Brit.). In the field, E. caespitosus may be distinguished from E. ovatus by its compact tufts with more erect and usually taller culms. It shows a considerable range of fluctuation apart from the marked variety described below. In some cases the differences are no doubt due to the varied conditions of soil and moisture under which the species is found. These would account for the range in the size of the inflorescence, plants with greater vigour having elongated and often interrupted panicles. Such variations occur here and there throughout the area of the species and have probably no systematic value. Several of the specimens cited above from Southern Queensland and Northern New South Wales, however, differ from the typical form in often having smooth peduncles and leaf-sheaths, and shortly bisetose lemmas ; they may represent a second distinct variety. E. caespitosus var. Cunninghamii C. E. Hubbard ; varietas nova a typo recedens pedunculo fere laevi, panicula densissima 3-5 cm longa 1-5 cm. lata, spiculis 3-3-5 mm. longis, glumis minutissime pubescentibus canna pills minus ngidis conspicue ciliolatis, lemmate i i i-nervi. New South Wales. Wellington Valley, Nov. 1825, Cunningham 10. o. E. ovatus (G. Forst.) Beauv. Agrost. 42, t 9 fig 5 M 81 21 • Bentb l M878i Pr° Part6; Buchan an ^ Mam^Grass^Ne w Mai i *j7’ivr’ 13p (1880^t Moore> Handb. FI. N.S. Wales, 484 (1893) ; pitiim11 'mqoTs Wale^ 141 (1898) ; F- M Ballcy> Q«eensi. . vi. 1^78 (1902); Rodway, Tasman. FI. 268 (1903); Black, FI. fl99«^8trSr' 6-8 ^1922) ; Cheeseman, Man. New Zeal. FI. ed. 2, 150 Agrost’ Sr™ln Ewart’ FL Vict- 144 0 930). E. aspera Trim Fund. p ■ . " 126 (1820). E. Sieberi Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. i. 183 (1854). E n band°gcr in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lxvi. 300 (1920), in clavi. A nr nil Urn scens tJandoger, l.c. E. novae-zelandiae Gandoger, l.c. t Z G- Forst- Prodr- 8 (1786) ; Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 19, Grat • * 4J ’ B- Prodr. 171 (1810). Cinna ovata Kunth, R4v. i (1829). Hystericina alopecuroides Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. .8 Gramen perenne, e rhizomate gracili saepe elongato ortum, 1 *5-7 dm. altum. Culmi laxe fasciculati vel solitarii, plerumque geniculato- ascendentes, graciles, rigidiusculi, simplices, 3-7-nodes, retrorse scabri vel scaberuli, raro laeves. Foliorum vaginae internodiis breviores, retrorse scabrae vel scaberulae vel laeves, glabrae vel inferiores pilosae ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad 2 mm. longae ; laminae lineares vel plerumque lanceolato-lineares, breviter acutae, 1*5-16 cm. longae (superiores usque ad 6 cm.), 2-8 mm. latae, scabridae vel marginibus scaberulis exceptis laeves, glabrae, superiores patentes vel tandem deflexae. Panicula rigide erecta, ovata vel oblonga, densa vel den- sissima, 0*8-5 cm. longa, 1-2*5 cm. lata (aristis inclusis). Spiculae lineari-oblongae, 3*5-5 mm. longae, virides, raro purpurascentes, demum horizontaliter patentes. Glvmae spiculae aequilongae vel paullo breviores, ambitu anguste lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceolatae, acutae vel obtusae, carina scabrae vel rigide ciliolatae. Lemma ambitu lineari-lanceolatum, apice minute bilobum vel integrum ; arista 3-15 mm. longa, scabra. Palea carinis apicem versus ciliolata. Antherae 1-1*5 mm. longae. Ovarium apice breviter hirsutum. Caryopsis lanceolato-oblonga, 2-2*5 mm. longa. Distrib. Queensland (North Kennedy, Moreton and Darling Downs Districts) ; New South Wales ; Victoria ; Tasmania ; South Australia ; Western Australia ; Norfolk Island ; New Zealand. E. ovatus var. pubiglumis C. E. Hubbard ; varietas nova, a typo recedens glumis brevissime pubescentibus, spiculae rhachilla breviore glabra, ovario glabro, panicula densissima. Western Australia. Without precise locality, Drummond 312 (type), 348. This variety resembles E. ovatus in habit, the latter also occurring in Western Australia. The structure of the spikelets is, however, nearer to that of the Queensland and New South Wales species, E. caespito8U8. Although Echinopogon ovatus is the most widely spread of all the species of this genus, it is very uniform both in habit and structure. In Queensland it is frequently found in moister situations than any of the other species, and this is probably the case in parts of Ne'V South Wales ; in New Zealand, on the other hand, it grows in dry places (according to Cheeseman). Echinopogon Sieberi Steud. was based on “ E. ovatus Sieber Hrbr. N. Holl.” A specimen in the Kew Herbarium labelled “ Sieber 89 which is referable to E. ovatus , may possibly be part of the type' collection. The corresponding specimen in the British Museum Herbarium is, however, E. caespitosus . Steudel’s description agree best with E. ovatus , e.g. the flaccid leaves 1-2 in. long, the 4 lin. l°nk 9 panicle, and the bearded apex of the grain. On this account E. Sieberi is treated as a synonym of E. ovatus. The types of Gandoger’s species, E. virens , E. purpurascens and E. novae-zelandiae , which are in the Botanical Institute Herbarium, Lyon, have been kindly lent for examination by Dr. J. Beauverie. They represent the same species as E. ovatus ; in fact the type of E. novae-zelandiae is a very good match with a syntype of Agrostis ovata G. Forst. in the Kew Herbarium, whilst the other two only differ in having smaller panicles. Gandoger cites Maiden as the collector of E. virens , but there is little doubt that the real collector was E. Betche (who collected E. ovatus at Walcha in Dec. 1898), and that the specimen was only communicated by Maiden to Gandoger. A duplicate of Betche’s plant in the Kew Herbarium exactly matches the type of E. virens. The majority of the specimens used by Bentham in the preparation of the account of Echinopogon ovatus for the Flora Australiensis (vii. 599) were correctly named, but one (Liverpool Plains, Moore 112) is now placed with E. intermedius , and a few others are cited under E. caespitosus. In the Agricultural Gazette of N.S. Wales, vol. iii. p. 388, Turner gives an account, together with a plate (t. 28), of E. ovatus. The latter illustrates two species, the drawing on the left- hand side and figs. D, B and C (left) being of E. intermedius , whilst that on the right and figs. A, B and C (right) are of E. caespitosus. 6. E. McKiei C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, affinis E. ovato (G. Forst.) Beauv., a quo spiculis minoribus, glumis minute pubescentibus, aristis brevioribus, ovario glabro differt. Gramen perenne, laxe caespitosum, e rhizomate gracili ortum, 1- 3 -5dm. altum . Culmi erecti vel basi geniculati, gracillimi, simplices’ 2- 4-nodes, nodos et pamculam versus retrorse scaberuli vel fere laeves, mternodio summo (pedunculo) usque ad 22 cm. longo. Foliorum vaginae internodiis tandem breviores, striatae, glabrae vel inferiores sparse pubescentes, superiores plus minusve retrorse scaberulae vel sea irae , ligulae truncatae, usque ad 1 -5 mm. longae ; laminae dneares, apice pungentes vel subobtusae, 2-12 cm. longae (summae -1*5 cm.), 2-3 mm. latae, supra arete nervosae, hispidulae vel pubescentes vel glabrescentes, scaberulae vel fere laeves. Panicula jU’ecta, densissima, oblonga, 0*6-2 cm. longa, 0*6-1 *2 cm. lata (aristis ^ c. l?S18) • Spiculae lineari-oblongae vel oblongae, 2 • 5-3 • 5 mm. longae, am es, tandem horizontaliter patentes. Glumae spiculae plus minusve su?UJ <)U^ae’ ^mkitu lineari-oblongae vel lineari-lanceolatae, acutae vel ° tusae, firme membranaceae vel induratae, minute pubescentes, urina puis rigidis usque ad 0*6 mm. longis ciliolatae. Lemma glumis ^ aequilongum, ambitu lanceolatum vel lineari-oblongum, apice nus usque ad 0*3 mm. longis bidentatum, tandem induratum, -nerve ; callus minute barbatus ; arista (vel mucro) rigida, -10 scaberula, usque ad 3 mm. longa. Palea lemraati aequilonga, carinis laevis vel prope apicem scaberula. Antherae 0*5-1 mm. longae. Caryopsis oblonga, 1*5 mm. longa, glabra. New South Wales. Clive County: Glen Elgin, White-Ilaney. Gough County : Glencoe, on camping reserve, Dec. 1931, McKie 731. Clarke County : Yellow Gap, Oban Road, N.E. of Guyra, soil of granite formation, Dec. 1931, McKie 729 (type) ; 9 mile post, Ward’s Mistake Road, N.E. of Guyra, soil of slate formation, 1290 m., Dec. 1931, McKie 728 ; near Gap View, Day’s Mtn., 20 miles N.E. of Guyra, granite soil, Nov. 1930, McKie 667. Sandon County : Elderbury Creek, 7 miles S.W. of Guyra, white soil, 1290 m., Dec. 1931, McKie 730; Springmount Gate, 9 miles S.S.E. of Guyra, white soil of slate formation, Dec. 1930, McKie 666. Vernon County : Walcha District, Dec. 1898, Betche. 7. E. phleoides C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, affinis E. McKiei C. E. Hubbard, a quo paniculis exaristatis, spiculis paullo majoribus, lemmate mucronato vel apiculato recedit. Gramen perenne, e rhizomate gracili ortum, 2 • 5-4 dm. altum. Culrni erecti vel basi geniculati, gracillimi, simplices, 2-4-nodes, nodos et paniculam versus retrorse scabridi vel nodos versus raro laeves. Foliorum vaginae internodiis breviores, tenuiter striatae, scaberulae vel laeves, glabrae vel inferiores pubescentes ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad 3 mm. longae ; laminae lineares, apice subobtusae et callosae, usque ad 18 cm. longae et 4 mm. latae, planae, firmae, supra arete nervosae, laxe hispidulae. Panicula densa, cylindrica, ambitu oblonga, erecta, 1*5-3 cm. longa, 6-8 mm. lata. Spiculae lineari-oblongae, 3*5-4 mm. longae, pallide virides vel apice purpureae, demum hori- zontaliter patentes. Glumae anguste lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceolatae, acutae, spiculae aequilongae, minute pubescentes, carina pilis rigidis usque ad 0 • 6 mm. longis ciliolatae. Lemnna ambitu lineari-lanceolatum, acutum, 3 mm. longum, apice integrum vel minute bidentatum, apicu- latum vel mucronatum, mucrone rigido scaberulo 0*2-1 *5 mm. longo, 5-7-nerve ; callus breviter barbatus. Palea lemmati fere aequilonga? carinis laevis vel apicem versus minute ciliolata. Antherae 0*8-1 mm* longae. Ovarium glabrum. New South Wales. Hardinge County : Wandsworth, 15 miles N.W. of Guyra, in white soil from quartz porphyry, 1080 m., Dec. 1931, McKie 732 (type) ; Limestone Creek, 5 miles beyond Tenterden, 23 miles N.W. of Guyra, Dec. 1930, McKie 668.— C. E. Hubbard* Echinopooon intermedius. Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, spikelet ; 3, lower glume, side view ; 4, lower glume, flattened ; 5, upper glume, side view ; 6, floret ; 7, lemma, flattened ; 8, palea, side view, showing prolongation of rhachilla ; 9, palea, flattened ; 10, lodicules ; 11, stamens and pistil; 12, caryopsis; 13, transverse section o caryopsis. Figs. 2-13, x 0. 3262 S.RrC Tabula 3262. SCLERANDRIUM TRUECATIGIiUME (F. Muell.) Stapf et C. E. Hubbard. Gramineae. Tribus Andropogoneae. Sclerandrium Stapf et C. E. Hubbard. Genus novum, Lophopoqoni Hack, et Apocopidi Nees affine ; ab illo racemis elongatis espathatis racemorum rhachi tenaci vel tarde disarticulante, spiculis valde hetero- morphis, gluma inferiore dorso haud transverse barbata, gluma superiore mutica, spiculae pedicellatae anthoecio infero sterili supero $, anthoecii fertilis lemmate apice integro et in aristam producto, aristae columna pubescente vel pilosa ; ab hac spiculis binatis, sessilibus pedicellatis $ divergens. Spiculae valde heteromorphae, imbricatae, biseriatae, binatae altera sessilis, altera pedicellata, in rhachi gracili tenaci vel tarde disarticulante racemorum spiciformium ortae, sessiles dorso compressae plus minusve persistentes pedicellatae subterctcs a pedicellis gracilibus peisistentibus facile disarticulantes ; callus brevissimus, barbatus. inferum in spiculasess.il $ in spicula pedicellata sterile • sup™ in spicula sessili in spicula pedicellate 0 i ’ superum in velobovato-oblongae GluZe SualS • " oblonga« dorso convexa, oblonga veUboJato oWa;- "0' !Upenore brevior> emarginata vel dentata, 6-7-nervis coriacef Vel late anguste ovata, ovato-oblonga vel anguste oblonir S^^^’ SUpenor spiculae aequilonga, superne JcarinSa firm! g ’ °JtUSa Vel truncata> Anihoeeium inferum : lemma li!!,’. f mfn\branacea, 3-nervis. obtusum, uni-subtriplinerve hyalinun^veM ' ° • ineari'lanceolatum> palea lemmati sirnilis sed obscure TJrti ] A membranaceum ; lemma lineare v^l onm + 1 6 w nervis- Anihoeeium superum: miicronatuin vpI - * + S S \ ance°latum, apice minute bilobum, vel anguste oblomn V1™’ 1’?ervo’ ^a,lnum 5 Pal0a ovato-oblonga tenuisstme 2-nervi!g% em!la ?aU!° longlor’ h-valina> enervis vel oblongo-lanceol -it ae ‘ £wulae Ped“xllatae anguste oblongae vel anguste v°lutae terndt • ° e ae1uales> spiculae aequilongae, eon- oblonga vel !, .COrlaCeae;r,nferi°r (^planata) lanceolato- vel ovato- 3-7.ng • ovata\ aPlce obtusa, truncata vel minute 2-3-dentata, an8Usto nkl HUl)0rior (explaiiata) elliptico- vel ovato-oblonga vel °nga , obt u sa , obscure 3-nervis. Anihoeeium inferum: Ve| ^ullnmg*UStei/CVl ngUm’ obtusum> hyalinum, 1-nerve vel enerve, > pa^tyO. Anihoeeium superum : lemma lineari-oblongum, 2 hyalinum, 1 -nerve, in aristam longam geniculatam abiens ; palea oblonga vel ovato-oblonga, truncata, hyalina, enervis. Lodiculae nullae. Stamina 2 ; antherae lineares. Ovarium glabrum ; styli distincti, terminates ; stigmata plumosa, ex apice anthoecii exserta. Caryopsis anguste oblonga. — Gramina perennia ; foliorum laminae lineares, planae ; ligulae breves, membranaceae ; racemi terminates, binati vel subdigitati, secundi, densi, sessiles vel brevissime pedunculati. Species 4, Indo-Chinae, Siamiae et Australiae septentrionalis incolae. Typus : S. truncatiglume (F. Muell.) Stapf et C. E. Hubbard. S. truncatiglume (F. Muell.) Stapf et C. E. Hubbard , comb. nov. Ischaemvm truncatiglume F. Muell. ex Benth. FI. Austral, vii. 518 (1878) ; F. Muell. Syst. Cens. Austral. PI. 131 (1882) ; Second Cens. 221 (1889) ; Ewart et Davies, FI. North. Territ. 28 (1917). Lophopogon truncatiglumis Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 255 (1889). — Affine S. intermedio (A. Camus) C. E. Hubbard,* a quo foliis fere glabris, racemis 3-6, spiculis sessilibus plerumque obovato-oblongis, gluma inferiore spiculae sessilis dorso valde convexa demum cartilaginea differt. Culmi caespitosi, usque ad 1 -5 m. alti, erecti, graciles vel validiusculi, teretes, simplices, 3-5-nodes, glabri laevesque. Foliorum vaginae firmae, ore laxe et breviter barbatae vel totae glabrae, laeves, inferiores internodiis longiores, intermediae et superiores internodiis breviores ; ligulae truncatae vel oblique truncatae, usque ad 1 mm. longae ; laminae basin versus attenuatae, apice tenuiter acutae, usque ad 50 cm. longae et 1 cm. latae, firmae, supra prope ligulam sparse pilosae, ceterum glabrae, marginibus minute scaberulis exceptis laeves. Racemi 3-6, erecti, 4-8 cm. longi, graciles ; axis primarius usque ad 1 *5 cm. longus , racemorum rhachis laxe pilosa, subtrigona vel compressa ; pedicelh usque ad 1*5 mm. longi, ciliati. Spiculae sessiles 5-6 mm. longae, stramineae. Glmna inferior obovato-oblonga, truncata vel plerumqac 2-3-dentata, 3*5-5 mm. longa, marginibus et apice pilis erectis alb19 usque ad 2*5 mm. longis ciliata, dorso glabra et laevis, intus 7-nervis> infra apicem nervis anastomosantibus ; gluma superior anguste ovatfl vel oblonga, obtusa, margines et apicem versus breviter appresse pilosa. Anthoecium inferum : lemma lanceolatum, 4-5 mm. longu^’ margines et apicem versus breviter pilosum vel fere glabrum ; p^0* lemmati similis sed paullo latior, minus pilosa vel fere glabra, tenuissinlC 2-nervis. Anthoecium superum : lemma 4-5 mm. longum, plerumqu® mucronatum (mucrone usque ad 3 mm. longo), superne breviter pilosui^ » palea ovato-oblonga, apicem versus breviter pilosa. Spiculae pea cellatae 3-3*6 mm. longae, brunneae ; callus pilis brevibus dens fulvis barbatus. Gluma inferior (explanata) ovata vel ovato-oblong ; obscure 5-7 -nervis, j>ilis brevibus appressis albis demum fulvis indu * Sclerandrium intermedium (A. Camus) C. E. Hubbard , Lophopogon intermedium A. Camus in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 11)1“, 3 gluma superior pilis similibus induta vel glabrescens. Anthoecium inferum : lemma usque ad 3 mm. longum, apicem versus pilis paucis praeditum. Anthoecium superum : lemma 1 • 5-2 mm. longum, glabrum vpl superne longe ciliatum ; arista 16-22 mm. longa, columna flexuosa, pilosa, 5-9 mm. longa, brunnea ; palea 2 *5-2 *8 mm. longa, glabra vel fere glabra. Antherae 2 *5-3 *5 mm. longae. Northern Australia. Arnhem Land, Mueller ; Port Darwin, Allen 26, II b. Brisbane 44. Bentham, when describing Ischaemum truncatiglume F. Muell. in the Flora Austral iensis, stated that the aspect of the species was nearly that of the Asiatic genus Apocopis . It is in fact more closely allied to Apocopis than to the genus Ischaemum in which it was first placed. This was partly recognized by Hackel, who transferred it to Lophopogon , a genus which he had segregated from Apocopis ( sensu Benth . ) . Actually Sclerandrium seems to occupy an intermediate position between Lophopogon and Apocopis. Lophopogon Hack, is here restricted to L. tridentatus (Roxb.) Hack., the type species, L. Kingii Hook, f., and a third undescribed Indian species. Two species originally described under Lophopogon , namely, L. intermedius A. Camus and L. tenax Balansa, are referable to Sclerandrium : the former is transferred above as a specimen of the type-collection has been examined, but the latter has not been seen, and it is only from the description that it is recog- nizcd as belonging to this genus An undescribed species of Sclerandrium !#ET ^T£(IrmS!“" by specim'“ coll“*'d “ «*■» he proposed to ell SderandriZ Z sometime d h, 1,®'““ wl“'h oil the Kew material ol that large and difficult th “ si "m‘"g included A„u, $£) SedtlemtnT18 ^ “ the ««»>tribe IscfuimiZ, Stapf genera together withT/'^ 7 th° S?btnbe Saccharin*. These three appear’s tf £ a very natural series which atherum and / ' r‘ -v ^^ted to Pogonatherum, Pscudopogon- reason ha W ^ hchaemum- It was no doubt for this tbe-SaccSZ!Pf °:mf Se7es ‘n tis 8rouP PolUniastrae of Varactors nil +1 ° Preer,r<‘( to classify them on general morphological Th,; p0uin.^}eT than °“ the Purely sexual characters used by Hackel. 8°litarv snici'f lar Hre c laracter*zed by digitate, fascicled, paired or and internal 0r?lirac^mei8- usually s^ender, linear or filiform pedicels ti°n 0f ti 4 , os1<) herhachis, and 1-2-flowered spikelets. An enumera- th(*m on f l U 1 Ve fenera now assigned to the PolUniastrae and a key to Mow. 7 mSed 0n a manuscript one prepared by Stapf, are given 4 Key to the genera of Polliniastrae. *Spikelets usually 1-flowered (rarely 2-flowered, Microstegium spp.) ; lower glume distinctly 2-keeled, at least upwards, dorsally com¬ pressed, flat or depressed or with a median groove, rarely convex or becoming terete and then with the lower glume not broadly truncate or broad and toothed at the apex (Homozeugos and Pseudopogonatherum) : Lower glume and lower lemma awnless ; spikelets paired (or in threes) with one (or two) sessile and the other pedicelled, rarely both pedicelled : Spikelets usually in threes at each joint of the rhachis, two sessile and one pedicelled ; racemes solitary . . . 1. Polytrias. Spikelets paired at each joint of the rhachis, one sessile, the other pedicelled or both pedicelled ; racemes digitate, paired or fascicled, rarely solitary : Leaf-blades linear or rarely lanceolate-linear, usually gradually passing into the sheaths ; racemes more or less villous ; lower glume without a narrow median groove ; awn of the fertile lemma well developed : Lower glume dorsally flattened or shallowly con¬ cave between the keels ; spikelets not terete at maturity ; callus obtuse ; lemma of the upper floret oblong or at least wider than the awn, 2-lobed or 2-toothed at the apex ; perennial. 2. Eulalia Lower glume convex or becoming convex on the back ; spikelets terete at maturity ; callus obtuse or acute : Upper glume usually awned ; upper lemma stipitiform ; spikelets small (2 *5-3 -5 nn11, long), all pedicelled or with one sessile and the other pedicelled ; annuals. 3. PseudopogonathcT urrl' Upper glume awnless; upper lemma linear J spikelets large (6-18 mm. long), one sessde and the other pedicelled ; perennials. 4. llomozeug°s * Leaf-blades mostly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, oft® contracted at the base, usually thin ; racemes rare ; villous; lower glume with a narrow median gr0°v*j! awn very slender, sometimes short or suppress® * usually annual ; culms mostly decumbent and rooti at the lower nodes : 5 Racemes digitate or fascicled, rarely solitary ; rliachis fragile, the internodes filiform or thickened. 5. Microstegium. Racemes solitary ; rhachis tough, flat ; upper lemma deeply 2-lobed . 6. Ischnochloa. Lower glume shortly 2-awned ; upper glume and both lemmas long-awned ; spikelets paired with both spikelets pedicelled. 7. Polliniopsis. **Spikelets 2- or sometimes 1 -flowered (Sclerandrium and Pogon- atherum) ; lower glume not 2-keeled, convex on the back, that of the sessile spikelet frequently toothed or broadly truncate at the apex : Racemes fascicled, digitate or paired, rarely solitary (Apocopis) and then with solitary spikelets : Spikelets paired, one sessile, the other pedicelled : Spikelets of each pair alike in shape and sex, 2-flowered ; lower glume prominently nerved ; stamens 3 ; lodicules present, each with a tuft of long hairs. . 8. Eulaliopsis. Spikelets of each pair more or less different in shape and sex ; stamens 2 ; lodicules suppressed : Racemes short, very dense and fragile, 2-3 in dense fascicles, sessile on a common peduncle the fascicles terminal on the culms or on branches which are gathered into spathate panicles ; spikelets slightly heteromorphous, 2-flowered- ower glume of fertile spikelets with transversely placed tufts of hairs; upper glume with a bristle-like awn . 9 . Lophopogon. Kacemes elongated, less dense, tough or slowly breaking up, 2-6, terminal on the culms, espa,thate ; spikelets very heteromorphous, sessile 2-flowered, pedicelled 1-flowered ; lower g ume without transverse tufts of hairs ; upper glume muticous . 10. Sclerandrium . Spikelets solitary, sessile, 2-flowered ; pedicelled spikelets reduced to the pedicels ; lower glume broadly truncate or rounded at the apex, sometimes minutely toothed, without transversely placed tufts of hairs . . 11. Apocopis. Racemes solitary ; upper glume and lower lemma with long capillary awns ; spikelets paired, 1-2-flowered ; stamens 2 ; odieules 0 . 1 T^Pogonaiherum. 6 Enumeration of the genera of Polliniastrae. 1. Polytrias Hack, in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ii. Abt. 2, 21, 24 (1887) ; et in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 189 (1889). Species 1, Malayan Region, introduced into Tropical Africa and America. 2. Eulalia Kunth , Rev. Gram. i. 160 (1829) ; Enum. P1 i. 479 (1833). Species 25-30, tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World (China and Japan, India, Malayan Region, Australia, Mascarene Islands, East and South Africa). 3. Pseudopogonatherum A. Camas in Lecomte, FI. Gen. Indo-Chine, vii. 254 (1922). Puliculmn Stapf ex Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, 1018 (1924). Species 3, China, India, Malayan Region and Northern Australia. 4. Homozeugos Stapf in Hook. Ic. PL xxxi. t. 3033 (1915) ; et in Prain, FI. Trop. Afr. ix. 101 (1917). Species 3, Tropical Africa (Angola). 5. Microstegium Nees in Bindley, Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 447 (1836) ; A. Camus in Lecomte, FI. G6n. Indo-Chine, vii. 257 (1922). PoUinia Trin. in Mem. Acad. P^tersb. ser. 6, ii. 304 (1833), non Spreng. (1815). Ephebopogon Nees et Meyen ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, i. 556 (1840), nomen. Leptathermn Nees in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 92 (1841). Nema - stachys Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. i. 357 (1854). Coelarthron Hook. f. in FI. Brit. Ind. vii. 163 (1896) ; et in Hook. Ic. PI. xxvi. t. 2517 (1897). Species about 20, tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World (China and Japan, India, Malayan Region, Polynesia, East and South Africa). 6. Ischnochloa Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. PI. xxv. t. 2466 (1896) ; et in FI. Brit. Ind. vii. 147 (1896). Species 1, India (North-Western Himalaya). 7. Polliniopsis llayata , Ic. PL Formos. vii. 76, fig. 45 (1918). Species 1, Formosa. Not seen. 8. Eulaliopsis Honda in Tokyo Bot. Mag. xxxviii. 56 (20-iii-1924) ; et in Journ. Fac. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, sect. 3, Bot. pt. 1, 43 (1930). PoUinidium Stapf ex Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, 1020 (28-iii-1924). Species 1, E. binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard,* a native of Afghanistan India, China, Formosa, Siam, Indo-China and the Philippines. * Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard , comb. nov. — Andropogon binaius Retz. Obs. v. 21 (1789). Spodiopogori angustifolius Trin. in M6m. Acad. P6terab.t aer. 6, ii. 300 (1833). Ischaemum angustifolium (Trin.) Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 241 (1889). Eulaliopsis angustifolia (Trin.) Honda in Tokyo Bot. Mag* xxxviii. 56 (1924). Pollinidium angustifolium (Trin.) Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris«a» 1020 (1924). P. binatum (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard in Kew Bull. 1932, 72. 7 9. Lophopogon Hack, in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam ii Abt 2 22, 26 (1887) ; et in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 253 (1889), p.p. ' Species 3, India. 10. Sclerandrium Stapf et C. E. Hubbard in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 3262 (1935). Species 4, Siam, Indo-China, Northern Australia. 11. Apocopis uiVees in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 93 (1841) ; Hack, in DC Monogr. Phan. vi. 256 (1889). Amblyachyrum Hochst. ex Steud Svn Pi. Glum. i. 413 (1855) ; et in Flora, 1856, 26. * Species 8, China, India, Malayan Region. 12. Pogonatherum Beauv. Agrost. 56, t. 11, fig. 7 (1812). HomovlM* Trin. Fund. Agrost. 166 (1820). Pogonopsis J. B. Presl in C R Prill Rel. Haenk. i. 333, t. 46 (1830). * res1’ Species 3, Japan, China, India, Malayan Region, North Queensland Mauritius. — C. E. Hubbard. ’ Sclerandrium truncatiglume. Fid. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, pair of spikelets ; 3-10, from sessile spikelet — 3, lower glume, side view ; 4a, b and o, lower glume, various types ■ 5 unmr glume; 6 lemma of lower floret ; 7, palea of lower floret ; 8, stamens 9, lemma 17, lemma of upper floret; 18, palea of upper floret- 10 ° et » 12-19, x 6; 11, x 16. PP^ °ret ’ 19’ Pwtl1- Eigs. 2-10, Tabula 3263. ISCHAEMUM FRAGILE R. Br. Gramineae. Tribus Andropogoneae. .}■ Holi-205 (1810) ; Benth. FI. Austral, vii. 522 (1878) ; h. Muell. Syst. Cens. Austral. PI. 132 (1882) • F M Bailey Syn. Queensl FL 641 (1883); Queensl. FI. vi. 1855 Vl902) ; Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 617 (1913) ; Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan vi. 250 (1889). Andropogon mfirmus Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. i. 369 (1854). Digasirium fragile A. Camus in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lxx. 850 (1925). — Ischaemo rugoso Salisb. affine, habitu perenni, spicis solitariis, spiculae sessilis gluma inferiore haud rugosa divergens. Descriptio hie emendata. y Gramen perenne, caespitosum, usque ad 1-1 m. altum. Culmi erecti vel leviter geniculato-ascendentes, graciles, teretes, s'implices 3-7-nodes, glabn laeves. Foliorum vaginae carinatae, plerumoue arete appressae, pubescentes vel superne pilosae vel glabrescentes inter¬ mediae et superiores internodiis demum breviores ; nodi pubescentes vel breviter barbati ; ligulae truncatae vel rotundatae, 1-1-5 mm rl terctes’ 4 6 cin; \ongi, erecti, demum e vagina surnma longe exserti • hacheos internodii (“ articuli ”) crassissimi, Cbovati, clausi SfrCr0nV7i« oentrC PlaniuscuI° “embrana scariosa ambobus T l0Dg-’ 1'8-2.mm- lati> dorso et margine uno vel pu rSs oJ p! °vrum lnstruct1’ Pilis <*ectis fulvescentibus vel pur- mternodik 3? g ^ et 8traminei vel pallide virides ; pedicelli Pressi et nP mmU8Ve Slmiles et wboontigui, sed dorso leviter com- 6-7 mm l lonnun.^am ovato-oblongi vel oblongi. Spiculae sessiles centes • V <!?^ae,l 111 erne pallide virides vel stramineae, superne rufes- U8qUn Lh 9 °b^usu^ brevissimus, pilis purpureis vel fulvescentibus lonffa uni mna* ,0n?1A lJrtrkatus. Gluma inferior oblonga, 5-6 mm. W men bidentata, in duabus partibus inferioribus carti- 5—7-, lpr,.°, a< vis.’ .ln trie»te superiore ehartacea et scaberula, intus trientp B?ar8inibus inferne inflexis, supra medium carinatis et in lanceolQ;Uperi°re an8us^e alatis ; gluma superior ambitu oblique late a, acuminata, 6-7 mm. longa, in setam usque ad 2 mm. longam 2 desinentia, carinata, carina et lateribus superne scaberula et marginibus ciliolata, tenuiter coriacea, 5-7-nervis. Anthoecium inferum : lemma late lanceolatum vel oblongo-lanceolatum, subacutum, 5 mm. longum, tenuiter membranaceum, tenuissime -1-3-nerve, marginibus superne ciliolatum ; palea late lanceolata, acuta, 5 mm. longa, firme mem- branacea vel tenuiter coriacea, marginibus liyalinis inflexis. Anthoecium superum § : lemma elliptico-oblongum, 4 mm. longum, hyalinum, basi 3-nerve, lobis lanceolato-oblongis usque ad 3 mm. longis ; arista geniculata, 10-18 mm. longa, columna 6-9 mm. longa glabra brunnea ; palea anguste ovata, subacuta, 4 mm. longa, hyalina, tenuissime 2-nervis. Antherae lineares, 1 • 5-2 • 5 mm. longae. Spiculae pedicellatae 4-5 mm. longae ; callus minutus, breviter barbatus. Glumae firme membranaceae ; inferior late lanceolata vel anguste ovata, acuta vel obtusa, 6-8-nervis ; superior oblique oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, carinata, 3-5-nervis. Anthoecium inferum sterile : lemma anguste oblongum vel elliptico-oblongum, 1 *5-3-5 mm. longum, hyalinum, tenuissime 1-3-nerve, ciliolatum, vel nullum ; palea anguste oblonga, usque ad 2*5 mm. longa, hyalina, vel nulla. Anthoecium superum ad lemma ovatum emarginatum vel obtuse bilobum usque ad 1 mm. longum redactum vel nullum. Queensland. Cook District: Endeavour River, 1770, Banks and Solander ; Daintree River, open ridges, Feb. 1932, Brass 2201. A new species of Ischaemum , closely allied to I. fragile R. Br., occurs in Northern Queensland. As it bears on the generic position of I. fragile , a description of it is given below. I. Baileyi C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, I. fragili R. Br. affinis, ligulis paullo longioribus, culmis compressis superne ramosis, racemis plerumque binatis, racemis lateralibus breviter pedunculatis in vaginis spathiformibus inclusis vel ex iis lateraliter exsertis, rhacheos internodiis plerumque subtrigonis, anthoecio infero vel $ vel £ distinguenda. Gramen perenne, caespitosum, usque ad 0-9 m. altum. Culmi erecti vel leviter geniculato-ascendentes, graciles, leviter compressi, superne uno latere sulcati, 4-6-nodes, e nodis superioribus ramosi, glabri laevesque. Foliorum vaginae compressae, carinatae, laxae, internodiis plerumque breviores, pubescentes vel superne pilosae vel glabrae, apice auriculatae, auriculis erectis usque ad 3*5 mm. longis> superiores tenues ; nodi breviter (dense vel sparse) barbati, vel glabri , ligulae auriculis adnatae, acutae, obtusae vel truncatae, 1 *5-3*5 nin1* longae ; laminae lineares, inferiores basin versus longe attenuatae, apice acutae, usque ad 33 cm. longae, 3-7 mm. latae, planae, firmae, subtus dense supra laxe pubescentes vel glabrae, marginibus scabridae. Racemi terminales e vagina summa demum longe exserti, latera 2-3 breviter pedunculati in vagina spathiformi inclusi vel ex lateraliter exserti, omnes binati, raro solitarii, usque ad 5*5 cm. l°n© ea 3 rhacheos internodii plerumque subtrigoni, 3-5-4 mm. longi, ceterum in 7. fragili ; pedicelli internodiis similes. Spiculae sessiles 6-7 mm. longae. Gluma inferior 5-6 mm. longa, dorso laevis, ceterum ut in I fragili ; gluma superior 5*5-7 mm. longa, in setam 2-4 mm. longam desinens, ceterum ut in 7. fragili. Anthoecium inferum $ vel $ : lemma oblongo-lanceolatum, obtusum, 4-5 mm. longum, tenuissime 3-rierve ; palea ut in /. fragili. Anthoecium superum $ : lemma 3'4 mm. longum ; arista 16-19 mm. longa, columna 8-9 mm. longa ; ceterum ut in 7. fragili. Antherae oblongae, 0-5-2 mm. longae. Garyopsis ovato-elliptica vel elliptica, plano-convexa, 2 mm. longa. Hpi (‘iitac pedicel! at.ae. 3-5-6 mm. longa1. Gluma inferior oblongo- lanceolata vel ovato-oblonga, acuta vel obtusa, 7— 9-nervis ; gluma superior ut in 7. fragili. Anthoecium inferum vel vel sterile vel nullum : lemma et palea ut in spicula sessili. Anthoecium superum vel vel sterile vel plerumque nullum : lemma breviter bilobum ; arista usque ad 4 mm. longa. Queensland. Cook District : Mabuiag Island, May 1911, Biclc 54 • Thursday Island, June 1897, F. M. Bailey, Somerset, June 1897,' F. M. Bailey 73 (type). Hackel in his monograph of the Andropogoneae (DC. Monogr. Phan, vi. 250 : 1889) proposed a new subgenus Digastrium for Ischaemum fragile R. Br. It was characterized by solitary racemes, obovate- ventricose joints and pedicels, awned perfect sessile spikelets, and barren pedicelled spikelets reduced to the two glumes. He stated further that Ischaemum subgen. Digastrium approached Rottboellia no doubt on account of the general resemblance shown in the much- thickened joints and pedicels. More recently A. Camus (in Bull Mus H.st Nat. Pans, xxvn. 372: 1921, in obs.) has raised the subgenus Digastnum to generic rank. Later the same author (in Bull Soc and | ra',ce’ !xx' 849 : ,192+) gave a generic description of Digastrium Forsk'1 1 Vlnf IS°rSed affimtir with Ischae”™m L. and' Sekima bablv1’ °n the gJenera °f the subtribe Ischaemirm (probably before 1917), also removed the subgenus Digastrium from '^emum but he did not publish it as a distinct genus. In loZ c ’ however- which he had prepared on the genus r°te US f°Ur8 re8ardin« Hackel’s subgenus Digas- its lowpr 1 6 8tructl.l^e of the lower [sessile] spikelet and especially Would n f i es 80 muc^ that °f a typical Ischaemum , that it it orpin ° >e ^U8tl,a . 8eParate Digastrium generically, although that tLi a 80mewhat ^olated position in the genus.’1 It is probable as a diol; efract ^as written after Stapf had separated Digastrium 8enus in the herbarium, and that, later, a more thorough the sn ca^se(J hlm to revise his opinion, but he forgot to transfer by bnH^u01}8 . )ac , to Ischaemum. The diagnostic characters used a sulw^1 ac 0 an<^ ^amus f°r distinguishing Digastrium (either as solitarv US °r genus) fr?m Ischaemum are with one exception (the y racemes) found in several undoubted species of Ischaemum. 4 4 For example, in I. rugosum Salisb. the joints and pedicels are somewhat similar in general structure to those of I. fragile R. Br., whilst the pedicelled spikelets are frequently much reduced and barren. In /. fragile R. Br., however, the pedicelled spikelets are somewhat variable ; in some spikelets the lower floret is represented by the lemma and palea, and a rudiment of the upper floret may also be found, while in other spikelets both florets may be suppressed. Hackel apparently had only spikelets of the latter type for examination. The solitary raceme is thus the only distinguishing feature left between Digastrium and Ischaemum. It is here that a consideration of Ischaemum Baileyi becomes important. This species belongs to the same group as I. fragile and would have to be placed in Digastrium if that were retained as a distinct genus. The racemes are mostly paired as is commonly the case in the genus Ischaemum , but solitary racemes are occasionally met with which serve to connect it with I. fragile . Thus all the diagnostic characters given for separating Ischaemuffl and Digastrium break down. In his account of Ischaemum fragile , Hackel reverses the description of the lemma and palea of the lower floret. This may have been due to having insufficient material for examination, or on the other hand, in the course of dissecting, the various parts may have become detached as is frequently the case. The peculiar palea might then be easily confused with the lemma. This palea is usually thinly coriaceous and has thin hyaline margins which fold over the male flower, whilst the lemma is thinner and narrower. F. M. Bailey (ll.ee.) gives Port Denison as a locality for Ischaem vftf fragile R. Br., but no specimens from this area were found in th« Brisbane Herbarium. Some fragments collected by A. Mitchell i# Sept. 1895, on “ Frasers Islands/’ probably belong here. The raceme8 are solitary, but still partially enclosed in the uppermost leaf-sheaths* If the label is correct and the locality is the same as Fraser Island (Great Sandy Island), then this material considerably extends the known distribution of /. fragile. Ischaemum Baileyi and /. frag ifa as far as is known at present, are geographically separated, the form®* occurring only in the extreme north of Cook District and on the adjacent islands, whilst the latter ranges southwards from the Endeavour River. The specimens of 7. Baileyi collected by Bick (no. 54) oil Mabuiag Island were incorrectly referred to Polytoca cyathopoda W F. M. Bailey (Qucensl. Agric. Journ. xxvii. 69 : 1911). — C. E. Hubbard Ischaemum fragile. Fio. 1, plant, natural size , 14 cm. of culm omitted; 2, pair of spikelets a«d in tern ode of rhachis ; 3—4, internode of rhachis, front and back views ; 5, transfer® section of internode ; 6-15, from sessile spikelet : — 6, lower glume ; 7, glume, side view ; 8, lemma of lower floret ; 9, palea of lower floret ; 10, l°aicUV,f from lower floret; 11, stamens; 12, lemma of upper floret; 13, palea of llPP\j floret; 14, lodicules from upper floret; 15, pistil; 16, pedicelled spikelet pedicel; 17, transverse section of pedicel; 18-21, from pedicelled spi keie • 18, lower glume; 19, upper glume, side view; 20, upper glume, opened o 21, lemma of lower floret. Figs. 2-21, x 6. 1 3264 Tabula 3264. ZOISIA MACRANTHA Desv. Gramineae. Tribus Zoisieae. Z. macrantha Desv. Opusc. 54 (1831) (M4m. Soc. Agric. Angers, i. 158 : 1831). Z. pungens R. Br. Prodr. 208 (1810) ; F. Muell. Fragra. Phyt. Austral, viii. 116 (1873) ; et in Viet. Nat. iv. 145 (1888) ; Benth. FI. Austral, vii. 506 (1878) ; Turner, Census Grasses N.S. Wales, 48 (1890) ; et in Agric. Gaz. N.S. Wales, iii. 231, tab. 13 (1892) ; Moore, Handb. FI. N.S. Wales, 476 (1893) ; M liden, Man. Grasses N.S. Wales, 63 (1898) ; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. vi. 1847 (1902) ; Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 616 (1913); Rodway, Tasman. FI. 258 (1903); Maiden & Betche, Census N.S. Wales PI. 16 (1916) ; Domin in Bibl. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 286 (1915) ; Black, FI. S. Austral. 665 (1929); Morris in Ewart, FI. Viet. 119, fig. 38 (1930); non Willd. Z. Brownii C. Muell. in Bot. Zeit. xiii. 272 (1855). Z. sedoides C. Muell. l.c. 273 (?). Z. iodostachys Gandoger in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1919, lxvi. 303 (1920). — Z. Matrella (L.) Merrill affinis, foliorum laminis plerumque longioribus et latioribus, racemis crassioribus, spiculis majoribus differt. Gramen perenne ; rhizomata et stolones longissimi, graciles vel validiusculi, multinodes, laeves, cataphyllis glabris pallidis vel stramineis teretibus praediti. Culmi erecti vel ascendentes, 5-30 cm. alti, graciles, rigidi, multinodes, simplices vel plerumque ramis erectis ramosi, laeves. Foliorum vaginae laxae, imbricatae, tenuiter striatae, laeves, ore pubescentes vel pilosae, ceterum glabrae ; ligulae ad seriem ciliorum minutorum redactae ; laminae lineares, in apicem obtusum durum attenuatae, 2-16 cm. longae, planae vel convolutae vel involutae, usque at 4 mm. latae, rigidiusculae vel rigidae, erectae veldemum horizontaiiter patentes, pone ligulam serie pilorum longorum pilosae vel glabrae, aeves. Racemi spiciformes, graciles, erecti, densi, 2-5*5 cm. longi, mm. diametro, purpurei vel vi rides ; rhachis flexuosa, rigida, ngulata, minute scaberul a ; pedicelli incrassati, usque ad 1 mm. longi, jftinute scaberuli. Spiculae appressae, oblique ovato-oblongae vel ^anceolato-oblongae vel lanceolatae, obtusae vel acutae, 3*5-5 mm. t^igae, nitentes. Gluma superior minute biloba, mutica vel mucronata ? ari«ta scaberula gracillima usque ad 3 mm. longa instructa, coriacea, J«cure 7-9-nervis, laevis, marginibus tenuibus minutissime ciliolata. 2 Lemma ovato-oblongum vel anguste oblongum, minute bilobum, 2*5-3 mm. longum, carinatum, carina minute scaberula vel laevi, membranaceum vel hyalinum, 1 -nerve. Palea circiter 2 mm. longa, hyalina. Antkerae 2-2*5 mm. longae. Queensland. Port Curtis District : Emu Park, near Rockhampton, March 1910, Domin ; Port Curtis, Nov. 1847, McOillivray B 71. Wide Bay District : Bundaberg, Michael ; Pialba, in sand on coast above high-water mark, Aug. 1930, Blake 35 ; Fraser Island, dominant grass on sand dunes, forming loose turf, Oct. 1930, Hubbard 4444 Moreton District : Sandgate, near Brisbane, on sands near sea, growing with Sporobolus virginicus , Cynodon Dactylon and Spinifex hirsutus , June 1930, Hubbard 2937 ; Bribie Island, April 1914, White ; on sands above high-water mark, with tpomoea pes-caprae and Cynodon Dactylon , May 1930, Hubbard 2646 ; Moreton Island, Jan. 1847, McGillivray 71b; Stradbroke Island, Scortechini and Bailey ; near Amity Point, covering large areas of sandy ground near sea and mangrove swamps, and sometimes growing amongst “ Bracken ” on sand dunes, April 1930, Hubbard 2202 ; between Amity Point and Point Lookout, abundant on sand dunes, together with Spinifex hirsutus , Ipomoea pes- caprae , etc., April 1930, Hubbard 2318 ; Brisbane River, Didrich 2737 ; Point Halloran, Oct. 1930, Kunze in Herb. Hubbard 5454 ; Tugun, common on sand dunes, together with Spinifex hirsutus , Sept. 1930, Hubbard 3863 ; Palm Beach, common on sand dunes, Nov. 1929, While 6572, Jan. 1931, Jackson. New South Wales. Near Red Bank River, on salt marshes, Woolls ; near Newcastle, on sandy shores, Oct. & Nov. 1804, Brown 6163 (partim) ; Sydney, Homebush Bay, salt swamp, Oct. 1930, Vickery 59; Port Jackson, Brown 6163 (partim) ; Maiden in Kneucker Gram- Exsicc. 184 ; Maiden ; Caley (Herb. Mus. Brit.). Victoria. Sandy coast from Cape Howe to Lake Wellington, Mueller ; sandy coast of East Gippsland, Mueller. Tasmania. King Island, Neale (ex Benth.). The genus Zoisia is represented by about six to eight species which are found, mainly along the coasts, in Mauritius, South India and Ceylon, Japan. China, Malayan Region, Solomon Islands, Eastern Australia and New Zealand. In the last-named country, however, the species ascend to comparatively high altitudes inland. The Australasia11 species, in common with other members of the genus, have usually been included under Zoisia Matrella (L.) Merrill (Z. pungens Willd.). The area of distribution of the latter extends from Mauritius to the Soloin°n Islands. It differs from the Australian species Z. macrantha Desv- by its narrower leaves, more slender racemes and smaller spikelets (2* 3*5 mm. long), and from the New Zealand species by its denser racemes, with more numerous and smaller spikelets ; whilst Z. macrantha Des^j may be distinguished from the New Zealand species by its taller an stouter culms, more rigid and wider leaf-blades, stouter and den 3 spikes and more numerous obliquely ovate-oblong or lanceolate-oblong spikelets. The Australian species seems to be more closely allied to sinica Hance of China than to the New Zealand species. Desveaux’s species Z. macrantha has been somewhat neglected, no doubt owing to the rarity of his “ Opuscula.” Bentham did not include it in the Flora Australiensis, whilst C. Mueller redescribed it as a new species, Z. Brownii . Z. iodostachys Gandoger is represented in the New Herbarium by a duplicate from the United States National Herbarium communicated by Gandoger. This contains a mixture of macrantha Desv. and Z. Matrella Merrill, but Gandoger’s description applies only to the former. Zoisia macrantha Desv. is of frequent occurrence on the coasts of Southern Queensland. It often covers large areas on the sand dunes above high-water mark, where it forms pure masses or grows in associa¬ tion with Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth, Spinifex hirsutus Labill., Cynodon Dactylon (L ) Pen., etc. In some places Zoisia macrantha grows on sand dunes bordering salt marshes, and it is possible that it might occur in the salt marshes themselves, but such a habitat would be unusual, at least in Queensland. In N.S. Wales, however it is recorded from salt marshes. So far it has not been recorded further north than Emu Park near Rockhampton, Central Queensland, its place being taken in Northern Queensland by Thuarea involuta (Forst.) R. & S., etc. The southernmost locality from which specimens have been examined is the sandy coast of East Gippsland in Victoria. Bentham (FI. Austral, vii. 506) and Rodway (Tasman. FI. 258) record a Zoisia from islands in the Bass Strait, whilst J. M. Black (FI. S. Austral. 665) states that Z. pungens forms a dense sward near the Rocky River Kangaroo Island, South Australia. It is probable that both records are referable to Z. macrantha Desv. “ PrTckfv rounTn" *" ?,0mTmonl>: known as “ Coast Couch Grass ” or o car l i * a ^ m[ass' lt 18 of conslderable economic importance as a sand-binder. The roots and rhizomes form a network which con¬ solidates drifting sand, whilst the culms appear to be able to grow up through increasing layers of sand, branching freely and rooting at the SC and !nTe H‘tUUtTf th\strle sko°ts form a ^irly compact Z tenuiZ TrlnTT Used> like ^japonica Steud. and doub fS 71 ’ n. la,wn grass for “aritime and inland sands. It is are touih f has any value as a fodder grass, since its leaves effected bv r .rigl(k According to Maiden, propagation is readily fair amnidt T° thj rhlzomes '■ should also be noted that a “'r amount of seed is produced. mav not .tW° ^0i'na Prescnt in New Zealand, which may or sIJikelet« 'fFl -?St‘Ut 8Pecies ; one (A) has usually solitary awnless Csev ’Jllfrn:,r°Ik'd k;af'blades and dwarf culms; the other (B) raceme flit 1* °/i ? avvned and slightly smaller spikelets in a loose Without III leaf'b‘ades alld dually taller culms ; both are at present following IT*’ CJrsenia!‘ <Man- N- Zeal. FI. ed. 2, 137 : 1925), b 1 r ier authors, refers the New Zealand Zoisia to Z. pungens 4 Willd., and cites Rottboellia uniflora A. Cunn. (Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 37 : 1837) as a synonym. The latter, however, is not a species of Zoisia. Cunningham describes the spikes as conjugate, whereas they are always solitary in Zoisia . A search through the New Zealand specimens of Paspalum at Kew revealed the type of Rottboellia uniflora in the cover of Paspalum vaginatum Sw., with which it is conspecific. The New Zealand Zoisia (type A) was first described by Colenso as Gaimardia minima (in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxii. 491 : 1890). More recently Mez has described a Zoisia pauciflora (Fedde, Repert. xvii. 146 : 1921) from New Zealand, based on specimens collected by Berggren, Petrie and Colenso. Judging from his description this appears to be a mixture of both types (A & B). The question whether there are one or two species of Zoisia in New Zealand is one which can be settled oniy by adequate studies in the field. — C. E. Hubbard. Fig. 1, plant, showing habit, x $ ; 2, part of plant, natural size ; 3, raceme* x 3 ; 4, rhachis of raceme, x 3 ; 5, spikelet, x 7 ; 5a, upper glume, flattened, from inside, x 7 ; 6, lemma, side view, x 7 ; 6a, lemma, flattened, x 7 ; 7, palea, x 7. C 5265 — iv »U.:' mm S.RrC. Tabula 3265. PENTAS MAGNIFICA Bullock . Rubiaceae. Tribus Hedyotideae. P. masnifica Bullock ; species nova, affinis P. longitubae K. Sebum., a qua foliis subtus reticulatis, costa et nervis lateralibus prominentibus molliter crispa to-subtomentellis, floribus multo majoribus, capsulis apice subrostratis facile distmguitur. Planta suffruticosa, ramosa, subsucculenta, circiter 1 m. alta, tota breviter pubescens ; caules satis crassi, crispato-pubescentes, inter- nodiis superne circiter 2-5-4 cm. longis. Folia elliptica vel anguste ovata, superne sensim angustata, apice acuta, basi acuta, utrinque pubescentia, sed costa et nervis lateralibus (utrinsecus 15-18) infra prominentibus breviter molliterque crispato-subtomentellis, petiolis latis brevissimis ; stipulae breviter vaginato-connatae sed inter petiolos in lobos 5-9 filiformes usque 7 mm. longos fimbriatae. Cymae termi¬ nates, e basi 3-ramosae ; rami puberuli, usque 5 cm. longi sed saepe breviores, apice irregulariter brevissime ramulosi et 3-6-flori • bracteae bracteolaeq ue minutissimae vel obsoletae. Flores pentameri albi brevissime pedicellati vel subsessiles. Calyx (receptaculo inclusoj cam- panulatus, molliter pubescens; tubus (cum receptaculo) 5-6 mm lomms et circiter 4 mm. diametro, fauce latiore, apice inter lobos glanX 1-3 parvulis clavatis ornatus; lobi 5, persistentes, lmeares mrcito 1 -5 cm. longi et basin versus usque 1 -5 mm. lati. Corolla loiigissime tubulosa ; tubus circiter 15 cm. longus, 3 mm. diametro, apicenfvcrsus Lviter dilatatus extra plus minusve dense crispato-pubescens intus ; r UfTe 2 lufr? faucem (Parte dilatata) dimsius et longius m entesol ?Crr ^ et ^^tudinaliter striatus ; lobi 5, et ^ 1 cm. lk, extra filament 1 •’ U-1 US g a )n' Stamina 5, in parte tubi dilatata inclusa ; S V1X 1 mm* longa’ antherae lineares, Ovarium K’l aC,i JaS1Ii vers.us dorsifixae, 9-5 mm. longae, glabrae, usauo - 1 ocu are> p^eentis peltatis ; ovula numerosissima. Stylus pubernlna •CIf1 on?e exsertus, 16-5 cm. longus, superne lepidoto- lobis (>iw- • BoIle g a^res<rens» apice stigmatosus, dilatatus, bilobatus, loneq n J- 1018 ? mm* ^ong^s- Capsula (? immatura) ovoidea, 1-5 cm. loculoa P^Ce s,. acute rostrata, e calyce exserta, leviter 10-striata, inter annuls aP*cem versus lobis calycinis persistentibus aunulata, valvis 2 lignosis apice dehiscens. 2 Tanganyika Territory. In crevices on great granite precipices at the summit of Mt. Luemba, Kilossa District, 1860 m., 15 Feb. 1933, B. D. Burtt 4555 (type). Among rocks, Morogoro District, 1500 m., 1 April 1932, G. B. Wallace 307. This magnificent plant, recalling such other species of Pentas as P. longituba K. Schum., P. graniticola E. A. Bruce and P. nobilis S. Moore in habit and inflorescence, has much larger flowers than any other species hitherto described. The corolla-tube attains 6 inches in length, whilst the limb is as much as 2 inches in diameter. Mr. B. D. Burtt, whose beautifully preserved specimen has been taken as the type, has the note : “ magnificent white tubular flowers on bright green semi-succulent bush-herb 3-3| feet high ” ; Mr. G. B. Wallace collected the somewhat immature fruits, and observes that it is a 44 shrub 4 feet high, flowers white,” and gives the Kiswahili name as “ Ndondoole.” It is unfortunate that no definite information is available as to the existence of heterostyly in this species. In such species as P. carnosa Benth. and P. purpurea Oliv. this condition, perhaps often overlooked, has led to much confusion. Extensive collections and special field notes are necessary before a satisfactory arrangement of existing herbarium specimens is possible.— A. A. Bullock. Fig. 1, upper part of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, longitudinal section of calyx and ovary, x 3 ; 3, longitudinal section of upper part of corolla, x 1*5; 4, stamen, abaxial view, x 4 ; 5, upper part of style with stigmas, x 4 ; 6, part of infructescence, x 1*5. L 3266 Tabula 3266. BLEPHARIS HORNBY AE Milne- Redhead. Acanthaceae. Tribus Acantheae. B. (Eublepharis) Hombyae Milne-Redhead ; species nova, B. Ilomblei Be Wild, magnitudine florum similis, sed foliis ellipticis vel obovatis, bracteis papyraceis conspicue nervosis facile distinguenda. Herba scandens, usque 5 m. alta. Caules furcati, subquadrangulares, glabri vel subglabri, juventute dense pubescentes, internodiis usque 15 cm. longis. Folia pseudo-verticillata, inaequalia, elliptica vel obovata, apice rotundata vel acuta, inferne in petiolum angustata, usque 8-5 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, margine spinuloso-denticulata, juventute parce pilosa praesertim in nervis, demum glabra ; nervi primarii utroque costae latere circiter 5, manifesti. Inflorescentiae numerosae, terminales et axillares, uniflorae ; bracteae steriles circiter 9 ; extima minima, ovato-lanceolata, acuta vel subspinosa, circiter 6 mm. longa et 3 mm. lata, margine spinulis 1-2 instructa, utrinque puberula ; intima maxima, obovato-oblonga, basi leviter angustata circiter 2 cm. longa et 1 cm. lata, papyracea, conspicue trinervis, superne setis marginal lbus usque 6 mm. longis instructa, utrinque minutissime puberula , bractea fertihs bracteae sterili maximae similis ; bracteolae setaceae, circiter 2-6 cm. longae, basi vix 1 mm. latae. Calyx usque ad basin 4-partitus ; segmentum posticum inferne valde concavum (explanatum ellipticum) , papyraceum, superne planum, ovato-oblongum, acutum, apiculatum, subpetaloideum, circiter 3 cm. longum et 1 cm. latum, nervis 3 parallels instructum ; segmenta lateralia lanceolata, - mucronata, circiter 1 cm. longa et 0-5 cm. lata, papyracea, uninervia ; segmentum anticum inferne concavum (explanatum oblongo-ellipticum), papyreieeum, superne planum, oblongum, subpetaloideum, apice minute um> circiter 2*3 cm. longum et 0’8 cm. latum, conspicue nerve. Lorolla caerulea vel roseo-purpurea vel alba, circiter 3-8 cm. onga } tubus 12 mm. longus, extra glaber, intus glaber fauce pilis nzontalibus clausa excepta ; labium late ovatum, basi angustatum, pu e rilobum, lobo medio parvo suborbiculari, lobis lateralibus medio peratis rotundatis, circiter 2-6 cm. longum et 2*4 cm. latum, extra ense adpresse pubescens, intus marginem versus glabrum, medio use retrorso-hirsutum lamellis 3 longitudinalibus 1 cm. longis exceptis, sin versus infra lamellas callo longitudinali oblongo rectangulari 2 9 mm. longo 2*5 mm. lato corneo instructum. Stamina 4, fauci affixa ; filamenta postica leviter arcuata, sursum angustata, circiter 12 mm. longa, basi 1*5 mm. lata, parce glandulosa ; antica subrecta, valde compressa, circiter 12 mm. longa, medium versus 3*5 mm. lata, apice vix biloba, basi parce glandulosa ; antherae monothecae, parce glandulosae, valde ciliato-barbatae, usque 8 mm. longae. Discus cupularis, carnosus, circiter 2 mm. altus. Ovarium ovoideum, 4*5 mm. altum, 3 mm. diametro, glabrum, apice postice glandulis duabus papillatis instructum ; stylus anguste ensiformis, minute bifidus, 2*1 cm. longus. Capsula vix matura oblongo-ellipsoidea, nec compressa, 1*4 cm. longa, 6 mm. diametro, glabra, nitidula. Semina non visa. Tanganyika Territory. Dodoma District : a trailing shrub growing on low-lying dry sandy soil at Mpwapwa, 14 Aug. 1928, Mrs. Hornby 1 (type) ; a very common scandent shrub growing over bushes and small trees on the edge of dongas (dry river-beds), usually in dark brown sandy soil, at Mpwapwa, 1000-1100 m., 18 Aug. 1930, Greenway 2401 : — the flowers vary from white through pale magenta to pale and dark blue. This very beautiful Blepharis stands out from among the other species of Section Eublepharis, to which it belongs, on account of its robust habit, its large flowers and its conspicuously nerved papery bracts. B. Homblei De Wild, has flowers nearly as large but is very different in other respects. Of the species given in the Flora of Tropical Africa, B. Ilornbyae comes nearest to B. integrifolia (L.f*) E. Mey. (B. molluginijolia Pers.), which agrees in the possession of bracteoles and in the trailing habit, but is a very much smaller weedy plant with insignificant flowTers. The species is named after Mrs. H. E. Hornby, who, together with her husband, has contributed so many specimens from the district around Mpwapwa, Tanganyika Territory, an area which appears to be very rich in endemics. B. Ilornbyae grows on sandy soil in the evergreen thickets which fringe the seasonal streams, and uses the evergreen shrubs for its support much in the same way as Lonicera Periclyrmnum L. does in Europe. — E. Milne-Rediiead. Fio. 1, portion of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, portion of leaf, natural size; 3, bracteole, x 1-5; 4, posticous calyx segments, x 1-5; 5, lateral cajy* segment, x 1-5; 6, an ticous calyx segment, x 1*5; 7, posterior view of corolJ^* split open, x 1*5; 8, anticous stamen, x 2; 9, posticous stamen, x * \ 10, upper portion of posticous stamen, x 3; 11, pollen grain, x 600 (appr°x,{/ 12, gynoecium, with disk, posterior view, x 4 ; 13, capsule, posterior view, * <3267 Tabula 3267. ANISOTES TJMBROSUS Milne- Redhead. Acanthaceab. Tribus Justicieae. A. umbrosus Milne-Redhead ; species nova, distinctissima, habitu et bracteis Adhatodae Englerianae (Lindau) C. B. Clarke similis ; sed floribus speciei Anisotis similibus instructa. Frutex circiter 2 cm. altus. Rami quadrangulares, dense breviter hirsuti, demum glabrescentes vel puberuli, internodiis usque 3 cm. longis. Folia ovata, breviter acuminata vel acuta, basi in petiolum angustata, usque 33 cm. longa, 15 cm. lata, utrinque grosse pubescentia ; nervi utrinque conspicui, laterales utroque latere costae 8—12. Injlorescentiae axillares, 7—12 cm. longae, dense strobilaceae, pedun- culatae, pedunculis usque 3 cm. longis velutinis ; bracteae ovatae, acutae vel breviter acuminatae, basi rotundatae vel subcordatae, circi¬ ter 2*5 cm. longae, 1-5 cm. latae, quinquenerviae, dense pubescentes ; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, apice subulatae, 12 mm. longae, 2-5 mm. latae, pubescentes et sparse glanduloso-pubescentes. Calyx fere usque ad basin 5-partitus, circiter 9 mm. longus, segmentis linearibus extra glanduloso-pubescentibus intus appresse pubescentibus. Corolla bilabiata, viridi-alba, extra parce hirsuta et densiuscule glandulosa, intus glabra, circiter 3-5 cm. longa; tubus inferne cylindncus, 4 mm. diametro, glaber, postice infra medium in cavos transversos duo externos parum prof undos 2*5 mm. latos excavatus, antice infra faucem in saccum externum callum quadrangularem internum eflormantem excavatus ; tubus superne leviter compressus cum labium posticum arcuatus, totus circiter 13 mm. longus ; petala postica (usque ad apicem connata) trinervia, nervis triadum adaxiali- us lamellato-carinatis, nervis lateralibus cuj usque triadis in marginem cavi pisciniformis conjunctis ibidemque hirsutis nervo singulo superne irsuto usque ad basin tubi oblique descendente ; labium posticum aneeolato-lineare, leviter arcuatum, concavum, subacutum, apice minute bidentatum vel integrum, circiter 22 mm. longum ; labium anticum liguliforme, plus minusve reflexum, profunde trilobatum, obis usque 13 mm. longis, medio lateralibus latiore. Stamina 2, postica, tubi apicem versus affixa ; filamenta compressa, circiter cm. longa ; antherae dithecae, thecis discretis, altera paullo altius amxa, inferiore basi obscure calcarata. Discus cupularis. Ovarium 2 circiter 2 mm. longum, parce glandulosum ; stylus circiter 2-5 cm. longus, interne parce hirsutus, superne glaber, apice integer. Capsula stipitata, compresso-clavata, apice brevissime rostrata, circiter 2 cm. longa, hirsuta et glandulosa. Semina 4, plano-compressa, suborbicu- laria, leviter rugosa. Tanganyika Territory. Dodoma District : common along banks of permanent stream in deep shade of riverine fringing forest composed of Khaya , Parkia , Albizzia and Ficus species in the Upper Tubugwe Valley, Mpwapwa, 900-1050 m., 3 Aug. 1933, Burtt 4776 (type) : — a loose shrub 2 m. high ; flowers very pale greenish-white ; an uncommon scandent shrub on bank of dry stream running into normal riverine forest at Tubugwe near Mpwapwa, 11 Aug. 1933, Mr. and Mrs. Hornby 537. It is not without hesitation that I place this species in Anisotes , a genus which up to the present contains only plants with small and inconspicuous bracts and bracteoles. However, the striking similarity of the corollas to those of the other species of Anisotes suggests that this is its true position. The West African A. Zenkeri (Lindau) C. B. Clarke has many-flowered axillary inflorescences, but they are very shortly pedicelled and are not strobilate. In appearance A. umbrosus is remarkably similar to Adhatoda Engleriana (Lindau) C. B. Clarke, but the petiolate leaves without auricles and the longer and more slender flowers readily distinguish the former species. The pollen of A. umbrosus is “ knotchenpollen ” with two stoppels, as in both these genera. — E. Milne-Redhead. Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, bracteole, x 3 ; 3, flower with corolla- removed, x 3; 4, inside view of posterior half of corolla, x 1*5; 5, inside view of anterior half of corolla, with stamens removed, x 1*5; 6, top of filament with anther thecae, x 6 ; 7, 8, pollen grains, x 600 (approx.) ; 9, gynoeciun* with style removed, x 4; 10, capsule showing seed, x 1*5. Tabula 3268. ANISOTES BRACTEATUS Milne- Redhead. Acanthaceae. Tribus Justicieae. A. bracteatus Milne- Redhead ; species nova, ab affini A. umbroso MUue-Eedbead habRu decuiu0, foliis et floribus miuoribus, bracteis albo-vindibus, bracteolis majonbus, corollae labii antici lobis brevi- oribus recedens. Fruiex circiter 3 m. altus. Rami teretes, subangulati, brevissime et rainutissime appresse pilosi, demum glabrescentes, internodiis usque 6 cm. longis. Folia decidua, ovato-lanceolata, vix acuminata, basi in petiolum attenuata, usque 12 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, juventute utrinque praesertim in nervis minute inconspicue pilosa, demum glabra, exsiccando utrinque cystolithis dense notata ; costa et nervi laterales utrinque conspicui, nervi laterales utroque latere costae 5-6 ; petioli usque 3 cm. longi, dense et minutissime pilosi, demum glabri. Injlorescentiae axillares, 4-7 cm . longae, dense strobilaceae, pedunculatae, pedunculis usque 2 cm. longis dense et minutissime subappresse mrsutis ; bracteae late ovatae, in apicem breviter acuminatae, basi subcordatae, vix 2 cm. longae et 1-5 cm. latae, inconspicue quinque- nerviae, reticulato-venosae, parce pubescentes ; bracteolae lanceo- latae, apice subulatae, usque 1-9 cm. longae et 0-5 cm. latae, parce pubescentes. Calyx profunde 5-partitus, circiter 5 mm. lon"us * segmenta lineari-lanceolata, acuta, eglandulosa, breviter subappresse pubescentia. Corolla bilabiata, circiter 2 cm. longa, viridi-alba, extra parte basali excepta breviter hirsuta et minute glandulosa, intus giahra; tubus inferne cylindricus, 3 mm. diametro, postice infra me mm in saccos duo externos prof undos 1 mm. diametro excavatus, ant ice infra faucem in saccum externum callum triangularem internum c °^man^em excavatus ; tubus superne leviter compressus, ut labium pos lcum arcuatus ; petala postica (usque apicem connata) trinervia, nervis tnadum adaxialibus lamellato-carinatis, nervis lateralibus enj usque triadis in marginem cornus pisciniformis conjunctis ibidemque irsutis, nervo singulo superne hirsuto usque ad basin tubi decurrente ; a num posticum oblongo-lanceolatum, circiter 12 mm. longum, leviter arcuatum, concavum, apice acutum, integrum ; labium anticum liguli- orme, plus minusve recurvum, apice trilobatum, lobiscirciter 2*5 mm. °ngis. Starnina 2, postica, paullo infra apicem tubi affixa ; filamenta 2 circiter 13 mm. longa ; antherae di thecae, thecis discretis, altera paullo altius affixa, inferiore basi brevissime obscure calcarata. Discus breviter cupularis. Ovarium circiter 1-5 mm. longum, densiuscule glandulosum ; stylus circiter 2 cm. longus, inferne parce hirsutus, superne glaber, apice integer. Capsula stipitata, compresso-clavata, apice vix rostrata. Semina 4 (?) vel abortu 2, plano-compressa, late ovata, circiter 6 mm. longa et 5 mm. lata, utrinque levia, medio uno latere validius costata. Tanganyika Territory. Dodoma District : in dense bush on river-banks on dark brown sandy soil at Gulwe, 850 m., 19 Aug. 1930, Greenway 2407 (type) : — a much-branched shrub, 2-3 m. high, with greenish-white bracts and white flowers ; locally frequent in Com * miphora-Cordyla dry thicket at Mpwapwa on road from Gulwe, 1050 m., 26 April 1932, Burtt 3917: — a shrub, 2-2-5 m. high; inflorescence in dense heads, greenish-creamy-white. Singida District : on a rocky limestone outcrop along Lwumbu River near Matelele, 1200 m., 12 Aug. 1927, Burtt 747 : — a woody shrub up to 2 m. high, leaves fallen as it is dry season. This species is undoubtedly congeneric with A . umbrosus Milne- Redhead (t. 3267), and it is accordingly placed likewise in Anisotes , although a similar doubt exists respecting its genus. The flowers resemble those of A. umbrosus , but they are smaller with the lobes of the anterior lip of the corolla proportionately very much shorter. Relatively to the calyx, the bracteoles are very much larger. A- bracteatus agrees with A. umbrosus in having pedunculate, strobilate, axillary inflorescences, and in having “ knotchenpollen ” with two stoppels. — E. Milne-Rediiead. Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, bracteole, showing outer side, x 4; 3, flower with corolla removed, x 4; 4, inside view of opened corolla, with stamens removed, x 3 ; 5, top of filament, with anther, x 6 ; 6, 7, pollen grains, x 600 (approx.) ; 8, disk and gvnoecium with stylo removed, x 8 ; 9, capsule after dehiscence, x 2 ; 10, seed, x 2. Tabula 3269. DISPERIS JOHNSTONI Rchb. /. Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. D. Johns toni Rchb. f. ex Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 349 (1887), nomen ; Rolfe in Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. vii. 291 (1898) affinis D. mozambicensi Schltr., a qua caule bifoliato, petalis semi-Jllipticis apice acutis nec superne valde ampliatis, labelli appendicibus dense pubescentibus difiert. Herba terrestris, 6-15 cm. alta ; tuber anguste cylindricum, circiter 1 cm. longum, plus minusve tomentoso-pilosum. Gaulis gracilis erectus, teres, glaber, remote bifoliatus, basi cataphyllis vaginantibus instructus, apice 2-5-florus. Folia sessilia, lanceolate- vel oblon<m- velorbiculari-ovata, acuta vel apiculata, basi cordata amplexicaulia 1,.‘J-‘7.Cm'1J'inga’ 6-15 . m“- lata> subtus purpurea. Flores sessiles albi et pa lide purpurei ; bracteae foliis similes sed minores, usque ad 1 cm. longae. Sepalum intermedium lineare, acutum, 9-10 mm longum, 0-6 mm. latum cum petalis agglutinatum cucullum latum concavum formans; sepala lateralia oblique semiorbicularia apiculh divergen ibus apiculata, tnente inferiore connata, 8-10 mm tonga 4-5 mm. lata, infra medium margines anticos versus brevissime saccatn’ Petafo anguste semi-elliptica, apice acuta, 9-10 mm. longa. Labelllm ovataPer imm; colu'Tln.ae adnatum, apice in laminam orbiculari- Praedh ^ medl° Cr*Sta <luad™ta dense papillosa El rbif l -fUm’/ngUe fari medio valde reflexo appendice totumlabeUnriT^ dl^rgentibus dense pubescentibus instructo ; sub- vel , • mJn'-0n^.um' -Anthera 1-5 mm. longa ; staminodia ihcurvata "r ’" " ana dense papillosa. Rostelli brachia leviter glabrunJ ’ P spathulato-dilatata. Ovarium 7-11 mm. longum, TERRiTORY. ICilimanjaro, 1500-1800 m„ Johnston h£ iff'0?' 112^Vn,; May 1926’ 17d ; Oleli, E. Kilima- N ’ . °° m’’ Ma-y 1927 . H oarer 322. RTHERN Nigekia- Naraguta, under rocks, Aug. 1921, Lely 485. 8chltr8 SFtmle‘n8»0SflyIrelated t0 D- mozambicensis Schltr., D. Slolzii > . ( ichenbachiana Welw. ex Rchb. f. The first-named 2 differs in the shape of the petals, which are much widened at the apex on the outside. I can see only very slight differences between D. Johnstoni and D. Stolzii , but in view of the small amount of material available of the latter it seems best to maintain it as distinct for the present. With regard to D. Reichenbachiana the flowers on the specimens of Welwitsch 694 (the type-collection), both at Kew and at the British Museum, are so poorly preserved that it is difficult to be sure of their exact structure. So far as they can be distinguished, however, they seem to differ from those of D. Johnstoni , especially in the lip. There are specimens at Kew from Kenya Colony and Uganda which are very similar to Welwitsch 694, and in these%the lip, while agreeing with Reichenbach’s description of the Angolan species, is quite distinct in structure from that of D. Johnstoni. An interesting feature in all the species here figured is the presence of staminodes, which, so far as I can ascertain, have not been recorded in this genus, and are not shown in any of the illustrations I have seen. They appear to have been interpreted as stigmas by some students of the genus, but at all events in the groups of species here concerned the stigmas and staminodes are quite readily distinguishable from one another, firstly on account of the structure and secondly from the positions occupied. In other groups within Disperis the stigmas and staminodes seem to approach one another in structure and in position, and in particular cases it is difficult from dried material only to be certain of the nature of any given organ. In each species so f&r examined belonging to the groups here illustrated the staminodes are placed at the base of the column, one on each side. In D. cardiopeta to Summerhayes (tab. 3270) they are very poorly developed, being represented merely by a transverse papillose band, but in the otb®* species they are quite easily visible on dissection. — V. S. SummerhaY^' Fig. 1, flowering plant, natural size ; 2, dorsal sepal, x 4 ; 3, lateral sep*1^ x 4 ; 4, petal, x 4 ; 5, lip and column, in lateral view, x 12; 6, lip, in view, x 12; 7, pollinium, x 16; 8, staminode, x 16: — a, anther ; ap, append*^ of lip ; 11, lamina of lip ; loc, anther loculus ; r, middle lobe of rosteflun 1 s, stigma ; st, staminode ; v, viscidia. SBHHH 32 70 Tabula 3270. DISPERIS C ARDIOPETALA Swnmerhayes. Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. D. cardiopetala Summerhayes , nom. nov. D. cordata Summerhaves in Kew Bull. 1933, 252, non Sw.— Affinis D. togoensi Schltr., a qua foliis et bracteis multo majoribus, labelli appendicibus longioribus angulo acuto neque recto divergentibus differt. V/lU^/OUlUOUUl, A A V vUl. hirsutum. Caulis gracilis, ucj.cs, mcuio i- (rarius 2-)foliatus basi vaginis 1-2 instruct™. Folia alterna, sessilia, ovata vel rarius sub- orbiculana, obtusa vel acuta, basi cordata, 6-20 mm lon<m lata, subcarnosa Flores 3-6 sessiles, in spica brevi subcorymbTa uique1 is r « rrtisrsr stFr apicibus divergentia, acuta, triente vel Quadrant* i! •? s.emiovata> antenore basi dilatata, 7-8 mm longa’ 2 3 mm' tY'16 1)osteriore recta, to2* ungue ’upttl ™l ”mi-'niP™d“ P»piilo*«1"*st™t»m di“ Si Sx«iyn :::F lobus intermSn? 1-f- Jonga ' ; stanunodia vix evoluta. Roslelli «pathulato-dilatata,T-5mmnLga '***** reCUIVata> aPice ToSkountounaAfnaC°ra ,,Mt8*,je S°mba C0UntlT> between Forfa and 24060. ga Cry forest> 450~550 m-. June 1910, Chevalier 1200 m^Artil J*um> iQ grassland at edge of forest, W m-> AI)nl 1931, Maitland 1519 (type). 2 In the structure of the flowers, especially the lip, this species approaches D. togoensis Schltr. and D. Johnstoni Rchb. f. From the latter it is readily distinguished by the much dilated lower portion of the petals, as a result of which the galea composed of the joined dorsal sepal and petals is cordate at the base instead of cuneate as in D. Johnstoni (see tab. 3269). D. togoensis Schltr. is a very slender plant with extremely small leaves and bracts, these, on the other hand, being well developed in D. cardiopetala. It will be seen from the drawings of the lip in D. Johnstoni and this species that the so-called “ appendages ” of the lip are in these cases (and also probably in D. katangensis Summerhayes, tab. 3271) formed by the broadening or splitting of the lip claw, which is then sharply reflexed, the inner or lower surfaces on each side of the bend being adnate to one another for a varying distance in the different species. It is doubtful if there is any real outgrowth from the upper surface of the claw, although such development may have started in D. katangensis. — V. S. Summerhayes. Fio. 1, flowering plant, natural size ; 2, dorsal sopal, x 6 ; 3, lateral sepals* x 4; 4, petal, x 6 ; 5, lip and column, x 12; 6, apex of lip, x 12; 7, pollinium* x 12 : — a, anther ; ap, appendages of lip ; c, caudicle ; 11, lamina of lip » loc, anther loculus; r, middle lobe of rostellum ; s, stigma with pollen masses; v, viscidium (all drawn from Chevalier 24060). SR'C- Tabula 3271. DISPERIS KATANGENSIS Summerhayes . Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. D. katangensis Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1931, 384 ; aflinis D. mozambicensi Schltr. et D. Stolzii Schltr., a quibus labelli appendice ambitu subreniformi apice sinu acuto emarginata vel breviter biloba nec valde biloba lobis anguste ellipticis differt. //er&aterrestris, 6-13 cm. alta ; tuber ellipsoideum, tomentoso-pilosum. Caulis gracilis, 1-2-foliatus, teres, glaber, basi vagina instructus, apice uni- vel biflorus. Folia patentia, sessilia, ovata vel late ovata, basi cordata, apiculata vel breviter acuminata, 8-12 mm. (lobis basalibus inclusis 9-15 mm.) longa, 8-14 mm. lata. Flores sessilea, albi vel rosei ; bracteae folns bene similes, subpatentes, ovario circiter dimidio breviores, 5-11 mm. longae. Sepalum intermedium lineare, superne sensim attenuatum, 1-6-1 -8 cm. longum; sepala lateralia triente mferiore connata, longitudmaliter semiorbicularia, latere antico stricto apice apiculata et divergent*, 1 -2-1 - 7 cm. longa, 7-8 mm. lata, medb margmes anticos versus in sacculum humilem obtusissimum producta. retala oblique elliptico- vel lanceolato-ovata, subacuta, 1*6-1 *7 cm. onga, cum sepalo intermedio galeam semisphaeroideam 1*2-1 *5 cm. ion gam formantia. Labellum basi faciei columnae adnatum, superne re ractum, apice ovato-spathulatum, cuspidatum, supra crista integra nstructum, papillato-pubescens, parte integra labelli in toto 5 mm. onga , labelli appendix erecta, e basi cuneata ambitu reniformis apice ,rCU\° emar^nal:a> iri toto 2 *5-3 *5 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, superne ‘ lse pu escens. Anthera 2 mm. longa ; staminodia semiorbicularia jn lco ln <lPPendicem subulatam producta. Rostelli brachia circinatim 6 kW*1’ T? erecta> Previa, obtusissima. Ovarium glabrum, leviter o-alatum, 0*8-1 *4 cm. longum. Feb° ^1 09HODESIA' Mwinilun8a District, in bush, 1350-1500 m., i] a ;K I'ioi X n°nr ° ' Kutanga, Kisinga Valley, in shady moist places, Veined -t' ' VOn Hi;rschber9 168 (type) “ The hood is pale-pink anri r W1™ Pln^, the lip darker pink. The leaves are white-veined a are magenta beneath.,, 2 This species is most closely related to D. Stolzii Schltr., a native of the Livingstone Mountains in southern Tanganyika Territory, and to D. mozambicensis Schltr., which occurs in Mozambique. It also has relationships with two species occurring in southern India and with some from Madagascar. From all these it differs in the massive broad appendage to the lip, the appendage in the other species being deeply bilobed with narrow lobes or segments. The flowers are also somewhat larger in D. katangensis than in any of its allies. The staminodes are Fig. 1, flowering plants, natural size ; 2, dorsal sepal, x 2 ; 3, lateral sepals x 2 ; 4, petal, x 2; 5, lip and column in lateral view, x 8 ; 6, the same, iro& the front, x 6 : — a, anther ; ap, appendage of lip ; c, caudicle ; 11, lamina lip ; loc, anther loculus ; r, middle lobe of rostellum ; s, stigma ; st, staminode » v, viscidia. very remarkable, each being drawn out at the anticous end into a long subulate point which projects upwards and sideways. V. S. SUMMERHAYES. 3272 Tabula 3272. DISPERIS DICEROCHILA Summerhayes. Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae. D. dicerochila Summerhayes ; species nova affinis D. virginali Scliltr. et D. Nelsonii Rolfe ; ab ilia sepalorum lateralium calcaribus brevi- oribus, ab utraque labelli appendicibus satis brevioribus lobulis fere sessilibus differt. Herba terrestris, usque ad 15 cm. alta ; tubera ellipsoidea vel fere sphaeroidea, circiter 1 cm. diametro, dense tomentoso-hirsuta, radicibus flexuosis glabris. Gaulis erectus, teres, glaber, basi vaginis saepius 2 instructus, medio bifoliatus, apice 1-3-florus. Folia opposita, ovata vel lanceolato-ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi vaginantia supra vaginam rotundata vel fere cordata, lamina 1-5-3 cm.longa 1-2 cm’ lata Flores subumbellati, sessiles, albi, roseo- vel purpureo-tincti : bracteae foliaceae, sessiles, lanceolatae, acuminatae, usque ad 1-5 cm’ longae. Sepalum i intermedium anguste lanceolato-lineare, acutum lev- iter incurvatum, 7-11 mm. longum, cum petalis agglutinatum cucullum latum dorso convexum baud ca caratum f ormans ; sepala lateralia ba7i tantum connata, oblique rhomboideo-ovata, acuta, latere antico infra medium breviter et obtuse calcarata, 7-10 mm. longa, 4-5 mm lata Pciuh ambitu p-formia leviter curvata, apice obtusa, 7-10 mm. ionga, Una 4 "w' ata' • La\Jcllum basi Per 2 mm. columnae adnatum, longe ngmculatum, apice breviter reflexum, totum 7-9 mm. longum, juxta E? iPug,lna 8upe.r.10re aPPendicibus duabus bilobulatis 2-2 mm modo ’pn°rbU ° appefdlcls ntriusque postico erecto basi oblongo deinde ” urvato1US a"gU!tat° apfe Papillose, lobulo antico auriculato obtuse orScularik /”*&!** longa ; staminodia semi- longi Ou’S10ia'i f0**? °b> laterales erecti. vix torti, 1-5 mm. g • Uvanmn 1-1-1 -4 cm. longum, glabrum. Fishbckanrl Nyinabitaba, 2550 m., among moss, Aug. 1931, K“rC02Z° K 1 A“8' ‘“I' 1382 W* Dec. 1930 7! Mr'"50p’ 111 forest in den8e sbade, 2400 m., ^30, Nmer 635. Mau Plateau, in forests, Battiscombe 947. leaves aruT j>elongs to a group of species bearing a pair of opposite ’ Qd t0 the smaller section of this, in which the hood formed 2 by the dorsal sepal and petals is rounded and not prolonged into a cylindrical spur. There are five other species in this minor group* two, D. Kerstenii Rchb. f. and D. leuconeura Schltr., being natives of Tanganyika Territory ; two more, D. virginalis Schltr. and D. Nelson t* Rolfe, occurring in the Transvaal ; while the fifth, D. oppositifolM Lindl., is widely distributed in the Mascarene Islands. I) . dicer ochdn, in spite of being the northernmost representative of the group, resembleS most closely the two South African members, both of which have the two appendages of the lip longer and each provided with a distinct claw below the point of divergence into lobules. In D. Kerstenii tin9 elongation is much more pronounced, the claws of the appendage® being as long as the claw of the lip proper, and many times longer than the reflexed apex of the lip. In D. leucofbeura and D. oppositifd & the structure of the lip is quite different in plan from that in th€ other species. Superficially, however, all the species bear a very close resemblance to one another, at any rate so far as drieu specimens are concerned, and only careful examination of the flowed reveals the technical differences. It is remarkable that D. dicerochila is so widely separated geograpb1' cally from its nearest relatives, but it is probable that other species Disperis remain to be discovered in Africa. Like all the other norths11 members of the genus the new species occurs in mountain regions llt high altitudes. The specimens in the two Kenya Colony gatheriugs are more robust and have larger flowers than those from Ruwenz0*1' but the floral structure is apparently identical. The specific epithet refers to the shape of the lip, which resembles ^ a remarkable extent the head of an animal bearing two erect horu9, V. S. SummerhayE5- Fig. 1, flowering plant, natural size; 2, dorsal sepal, x 6; 3, lateral x 4 ; 4, petal, x 6; 5, lip and column, in lateral view, x 8 ; 6, apex u* . lip, opened out, x 12 ; 7, one pollinium, in lateral view, x 16: — a, an., ^ • ap, appendages of the lip ; c, caudicle ; 11, apex of lip ; r, middle lobe of rosteH11^ -J s, stigma ; at, staminode ; v, viscidia. (Fig. 1 drawn from Napier 635 ; from Eggeling 1382.) \ = S.R-C 2 Tabula 3273. EXOCHOGYNE AMAZONICA C.B. Clarke. Cyperaceae. Tribus Cryptangieae. Exochogyne C. B. Clarke in Vcrh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xlvii. 101 (1906) ; descriptio hie ampliata. Inflorescentia spiciformis. Greges spicularum feminearum et mas- cu arum plUs minusve basibus bractearuni incincti. Spiculae tmsculae re vi ter pedicellatae ; pedicelli in pedunculo brevissimo bracteae a nato insert i ; glumae vacuae 2, floriferae 2-7 ; stamina 2 in glumis erioribus omnibus inclusa vel gluma summa vacua ; filamenta’ enuissima glabra. Spiculae femineae vel mediae et terminales vel asales et extra spiculas masculas dispositae, pedicellatae ; stylus K ex3 stigmatibus 2 filiformibus crispule furfuraceo-pubescentibus. Nux rostrata, breviter stipitata. fibfoS° pibsuUs0' I’nstmcto8’ P‘UM minU8Ve rePente squamis maiginibLrecurvT^TO^'Y^^ F°Ua linearia> acuta' prominente. Infloreseentia rhirlii l k° ln)Pre88a et Puljerula, subtus basi cymbiform^^^marginibus^lo^P^i ^T8°'angulata’ bracteis - wU . f supenore setaceis. Spiculae masculae 2 -10 in bS f glumae vacuae inaequales, lanceolatae fctei 9ninxbus ; liueares. Spiculae femineae 2-3 in bracteis omnilm’ g Umae mteriores duplo longius pedicellata ; glumae 4 ’ Ma <1Uani ceterae savann»fiinal.Mther.iS0,fed1.g?nU8.0f Cm^ieae occurring on collect im w t <JIf l ea8^rn South America and known only from three and .... r ’ " T'p] the Amazons in the neighbourhood of Mauaos ZciZni l , hC P°tar°,River in British Guiana. The three known as f q r < m \° one au°ther wither closely in external appearance, but charlnt “'i-H0 SCe" from the limited material available the floral naracters which separate them are quite constant. tne following is a key to the species Leaves long pilose, rhizome far creeping, male spikelets 2-4. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, rhizome short, male Halo SP-iewSi°i fCTle SPik°lets 3 . E • decondra. Male spikelets 6, female spikelets 2(-3) . E.amazonica. 2 E. amazonica C. B. Clarke in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandcnb. xlvii. 101 (1906) ; a ceteris speciebus spiculis masculis 6, staminibus 6 in spiculis singulis dift'ert. Rhizoma brevissime repens, culmos complures approximates emittens. Folia basalia 5-7, libera, vaginis haud distinguendis, per centimetros basales 4 pilosula ; lamina c. 15-30 cm. longa, 1*5-2 mm. lata, rigidiuscula, marginibus recurvis nonnunquam sparse pilosis, subtus fere plana, costa prominente glabra. Culmus 9-15 cm. longus, plerumque e foliis basalibus omnino liber, 0*5 mm. diametro, glaberrimus ; folium caulinum solitarium, raro nullum, e dimidio inferiore culmi emissum, foliis basalibus simile. Inflorescentia 4*5-6 cm. longa, spiculis imis saepe 1 cm. sub ceteris orientibus, plerumque femineis ; bractea inferior usque 30 cm. longa, foliis similis, bracteac mediae 1-1*2 cm. longae. Spiculae masculae 6, pedicellis 1 mm. longis ; glumae ex- teriores vacuae 2, altera 2 mm. longa, altera 3 mm. longa, interiores