LIBRARY OF PRINCETON I
MAR2a2005
THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
CALDERWOOD'S HISTORY
THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND,
VOLUME SECOND.
THE WODEOW SOCIETY,
INSTITUTED MAY, 1841,
FOK THE PUBLICATION OF THE WORKS OF THE FATHERS AND EARLY WRITERS OF THE REFORMED CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.
THE
HISTORY
OF THE
KIRK OF SCOTLAND.
r
MR DAVID CALDERWOOD,
SOME TIME MINISTER OF CRAILING.
EDITED FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT PRESERVED IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM,
BY THE
REV. THOMAS THOMSON.
VOLUME SECOND.
EDINBURGH:
PRINTED FOR THE WODROW SOCIETY.
M.DCCC.XLIII.
LIBRARY OF PRINCETON
r
ErJl5BLTlGH PRT\Tn.G COOT AXV, SOCTH ST DAVIl. ^TRFET.
CONTENTS
THE SECOND VOLUME.
PAGE
1560.
Ambassadors sent from France to England to treat of peace, . 1
Terms of the agreement, .... 2
Peace proclaimed between France, England, and Scotland, . 10 Departure of the French and English troops from Scotland, . ih. Public thanksgiving ordered by the Congregation for their deliver- ance, . . . . . 11
Appointment of superintendents and ministers to several charges, ib. Opposition of certain members of the Parliament to the Reforma- tion, . . . . . .12
Address of the Barons, Gentlemen, Burgesses, &c., to the Parlia- ment, craving the reform of religious abuses, . ib. A Confession of Faith drawn up in consequence, . . 15 Preface to the Confession, . . - 16 Articles of the Confession, . . .17
1. Of God, . . . ib.
2. Of the Creation of Man, . . . ib.
3. Of Original Sin, ... 18
4. Of the revelation of the Promises, . . ib,
5. The continuance, increase, and preservation of the
Church, .... 19
6. Of the Incarnation of Christ Jesus, . . ib. VOL. II. b
vi CONTENTS.
PAOE
7. Why it behoved the Mediator to be very God and very
Man, .... 20
8. Of Election, . . . . ib.
9. Of Christ's Death, Passion, and Burial, . 21
10. Resurrection, .... ilf-
11. Ascension, .... 22
12. Of Faith in the Holy Ghost, . . .23
13. The cause of Good Works, . . ib.
14. AVhat Works are reputed good before God, . 24
15. The perfection of the Law, and imperfection of Man, 26
16. Of the Kirk, .... ib.
17. Of the Immortality of the Soul, . . 27
18. Of the Notes by which the True Kirk is discerned from
the False, and who shall be judge of the Doctrine, 28
19. Of the Authority of the Scriptures, . .30
20. Of General Councils ; of their Power, Authority, and
Cause of their convocation, . . ib.
21. Of the Sacraments, . . .31
22. Of the right administration of the Sacraments, 33
23. To whom the Sacraments appertain, . , 35
24. Of the Civil Magistrate, . . ib.
25. Of the Gifts freely given to the Church, . 36 The Confession of Faith ratified by the three Estates, . 37 The Mass and the Pope's jurisdiction proscribed by Acts of Par- liament, . . . . .38
Sir James Sandilands sent to France to obtain ratification of these
Acts, ..... 39 His mission is unsuccessful, . , . .40
Sudden death of the King of France, . . ib.
The late Parliament proven to be lawful and valid, . . ib.
Form of Church Policy appointed to be drawn up, . 41
The Book of Discipline published, and objected to by many, . 42
The Earl of Arran proposed in marriage to Queen Elizabeth, ib.
Prospects of a new invasion from France, . . 43
The invasion frustrated by the sudden death of the French king, 44
The First General Assembly, . , , ej.
Names of the ministers and commissioners who attended, ib.
Names of those who were thought qualified to be appointed
ministers and readers, - . . 45
Restalrig united to Leith, . . .46
Acts of the First Assembly. . . . ib.
CONTENTS. VU
PAGE
Petitions of the First Assembly, . . .47
1561. Lord James sent by the Convention to the Queen, . . ib.
A disputation before the Convention upon the Mass as a propitia- tory sacrifice, . . « . 48 The Popish respondents refuted and silenced, . . 49 The Book of Discipline subscribed by the members of the Conven- tion, ... . . 50 FIRST BOOK OF DISCIPLINE. Of the Ministers. Their election and admission. What things are chiefly required in the ministers, . . 51 Of their office and duty, . . .52 The manner of electing pastors or ministers, . ib. Of the elders ; and their office and election, . .53 Of the deacons ; and their office and election, . 54 The weekly assembly of the ministers, elders, and deacons, 55 Interpretation of the Scriptures, . . .50 Form and order of the election of a superintendent, appli- cable also to the election of all other ministers, . ib. The Order of Ecclesiastical Discipline.
The Necessity of Discipline, . . .62
What Discipline is, . . . . ib.
For what cause it ought to be used, . • 63
The order of proceeding in Private Discipline, . ib.
What things are to be observed in Private Discipline, 64
Of Public Discipline, and the end of it, . . ib.
Excommunication the last resource, . . ib.
Rigour in punishment to be avoided, . . 65
God's Word the only rule of Discipline, . ib.
The Order of Excommunication and Public Repentance.
Preface to the Reader, .... ib. The Crimes of Excommunication, . . 66
The Form, . . . . .68
The Confession of the Penitent, • . 70
Offences that deserve Public Repentance, and Order to pro- ceed in it, . . . . .71 The Form and Order of Public Repentance, . 74 The Form of Excommunication, . . .80 The Order to receive the Excommunicated again to the So- ciety of the Church, ... 90 Form of the Visitation of the Sick, . . .94 Form of Burial, .... 100
viii CONTENTS.
PAGE
100
The Order of Baptism, . . • •
The Maxner of the Lord's Supper, . • m
The Form of Marriage, . . • •
117
An Adulterer in Edinburgh rescued from the Magistrates, . 121 Queen Msltj retires to Lorraine on the death of the King of
France, . • . . . ^&-
Advised to arrest Lord James, . • .1^2
Deliberation in France whether Mary should return to Scotland, ih. Defence of the Queen's interests in her absence by the Refonners, 123 Insurrection in Edinburgh about the play of Robin Hood, . ib.
The Second General Assembly, . . â– 126
Articles presented by this Assembly to the Lords of Secret
Council, . . . . . ib.
Supplication, .... 127
Attempts to assassinate Lord James in Paris, . .128
The Queen writes to the Lords recommending quietness till her
return, ..... 129
Their answer to the French Ambassador, who instigates them to
break the league with England, . . ib
Monasteries demolished by an act of the lords, . .130
Queen Mary, before her voyage, betrays her purposes to suppress
the Reformation, .... ib.
She requests a safe passage to Scotland from Elizabeth, . 131
Elizabeth refuses, .... ih.
Throgmorton's letter to Queen Elizabeth, describing his inter- view with Mary, . ... ib. Elizabeth incensed at Mary's usui-pation of the Arms of England, 136 Elizabeth's letter to the Scottish nobles, complaining of the non- fulfilment of the treaty of Leith, . . 137 Their answer, ... . 140 Queen Mary's voyage homeward, . . . 141 Her landing at Leith, .... 142 She pardons the Edinburgh rioters, . . 143 The Reformers take offence at her private Mass, . . ih. Disturbance in the Palace in consequence, . . ih. Act made for the future protection of her followers and servants, 144 The Earl of Arran's protest against the act, . . 145 The zeal of the professors cooled by the Queen's blandishments, 147 Knox objects to the toleration of the Queen's Mass, . ib. He is summoned to the presence of the Queen, . . 148 He defends before her his wi-iting " The First Blast," &c. 149
152 153 154 155 156 157 ib. 158 159
CONTENTS. • IX
TAGB
Professes his willingness to obe J a female sovereign, . 150
Advocates the right of resistance to unjust rulers, . 151 Offers to dispute with the ablest of the Papists on the ground of
their faith, His dismission ; and his opinion of the Queen, Mary's public entry into Edinburgh, She changes the magistrates, Knox's letter on the Queen's Mass, His debates against it with the lords, Lord James's services on the borders. Pretended fray in Holyrood House, and its purpose, Mary complains of Scottish gravity. The Thikd General Assembly, ... ib- The right of holding Assemblies without the Q,ueen's per- mission, debated, . . . . ib. The ratification of the Book of Discipline refused, . 160 The barons therefore demand provision to be made for
ministers, . . . . 161
A riot in Edinburgh by certain profligate nobles, . 162
Proclamation of the Assembly upon the subject, . ib. The Queen's apology for the rioters, . .164
The Earl of Bothwell attempts a fresh riot, . ib.
Act concerning the two parts and thirds of benefices, . 165
Lethington sent ambassador to England, . • 167
Queen Elizabeth refuses to proclaim Mary her successor, . 168
1562.
Commission given to receive the rentals of benefices, . 169 Factors and chamberlains appointed to intromit with the fruits
of the benefices, . . . . ib.
An ordinance for the thirds, .... 170
Knox's appeal against the inadequate provision for ministers, 171
Scanty salaries dealt out to the clergy, . . 172
Their complaints on the occasion, . . . ib.
Lord James created Earl of Murrey, . . 173 The Earl of Arran reconciled with Bothwell, . .174
Arran accuses Bothwell of treason, . . 175
He is imprisoned, . . . • 177
Knox's second conference with the Queen, . . 179
Interview between Mary and Elizabeth disappointed, . 182
Fourth General Assembly, . . . 183
Acts of First Session, ... ib*
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Acts of Second Session, . . . 184
„ Third „ . . . 185
„ Fourth „ . . . 186
„ Fifth „ . . . . ib.
Supplication of the Assembly to the Queen, . 187
The supplication censured by some courtiers, . 193
Lethiugton draws it up anew, . . 194
The Queen's journey to the north, . . . ih.
The Earl of Huntly rebels, ... 195
Battle of Corrichie, . . . .198
Defeat and death of the Earl of Huntly, . . 199
Knox preaches in Kyle, .... 201
Band of the barons and gentlemen, in consequence, . ib.
Knox assists in restoring order in the south, . . 202
Debates with the Abbot of Crossraguel, . . 203
Lethington suspected of scheming a marriage between the Queen
and Darnley, ..... ib.
Knox denounces the courtiers for calling the preachers railers, 204
Fifth Gsxeral Assembly, . . . 205
Trial of superintendents, . . . ib.
Trial of the entry of ministers, . . 206
Leets for a superintendent to the north, . . ib.
Leets for a superintendent to Galloway, &c. . 207
Fama against Paul Methven to be investigated, . ib.
Acts for superintendents, . . . 208
Commissioners, .... ib.
Nomination of superintendents, . . ib.
Acts, . . . . .209
Complaints, .... ib.
1563.
Paul Methven found guilty and excommunicated, . . 210
Chatelat beheaded, . . . . 211
Knox's third conference with the Queen, . . 212
Letters from Queen Mary to the Council of Trent, . 215
Bayers of mass imprisoned, .... ib.
The Lords defer the reformation of abuses from selfish motives, 216
Coldness between Knox and Murrey, in consequence, . 217
Compromisment of the lords, • . . ib.
Knox's admonition to them from the pulpit, . . 218
Is called before the Queen to answer for his rebukes, . 220
CONTENTS. XI
PAGE
He justifies liis sentiments about her rumoured marriage, . 220 His conversation with the ladies in the antechamber of IIolj-
roodhouse, . . • • 222
Lethington's practices in procuring friends, . • • 223
The Sixth General Assembly, . . • *'^-
Trial of superintendents and commissioners, . . i^-
Commissioners of provinces appointed, . . 224
Powers of these commissioners, . . . ib'
Acts, ..... 225
Articles for petitions, . . • 226
Commissioners for trial of superintendents, . 227
Sentence against Hamilton of Kincavel pronounced null, 228
The Queen's progress through the west country, and her masses, 229
Death of Lord Coldingham, ... ih.
Disturbance in Holyrood House, occasioned by a mass in the
Queen's absence, .... 230 Knox's letter to the Protestants, enjoyningthem to protect their
brethren in this matter, . . . 231 Variance between Knox and the Master of Maxwell, on account
of this letter, . ... 233
The advocate's opinion on the subject, . . 234
Conference of Murrey and the Secretary with Knox, . 235
They advise him to submit to the Queen ; he refuses, . iff.
Knox accused before the Queen and Council, . . 230
He defends before them his letter to the Protestants, . 237
Refutes the charge of treason, . . . . 238
Is pronounced innocent by the council, . . 240
The courtiers endeavour to procure his submission, . . 241
The Seventh General Assembly, . . . ^6. Contention between the nobles and the clergy about
stipends, . ... 242 Knox justified by the Assembly for his letter to the Pi'o-
testants, .... 243
Trial of superintendents and commissioners, . 244
Commissioners of provinces appointed, . 245
Acts, . . . . . ib.
Supplications, .... 246
Book of Discipline to be revised, . . 247
Ministers censured, .... ih. 1564.
Friendly banqueting between the Queen and the lords, . 248
XU CONTENTS.
PAGE
Craig's rebuke of the hypocrisy of the times, . . 248
Knox declaims in the pulpit against the mass, and its toleration, 249
The Eighth General Assembly, . . . 250
Conference between the ministers and the court lords, ib.
The latter blame Knox's boldness in the pulpit, . 252
His prayer for the Queen objected to by Lethington, 253
Debate between Knox and Lethington on this subject, ib.
Articles and petitions of this Assembly, . . 280
Acts, . . . . .281
Commission appointed to confer upon ecclesiastical causes, ib.
Complaint of the husbandmen on the rigorous exaction of
tithes, ..... 282
The Ninth General Assembly,
Trial of superintendents and commissioners, . ib.
Articles and petition, . . . .183
Acts, ..... 284
Commission for visitation of kirks, . . ib.
Answer to Paul Methven's supplication to be received into the kirk, .... ib.
1565. Lord Darnley arrives in Scotland, . . . 285
Rizio's rise at court, .... ib.
Darnley and Rizio plot the assassination of Murrey, . 286
The Tenth General Assembly, , . . 287
Petitions, . . . . . ib.
Act depending upon the petitions, . . 289
Questions decided, .... 290
Offences for which ministers were to be censured, 291
The Queen married to Darnley, ... ib.
Several of the nobility take up arms on account of the marriage, 292 They are obliged to fly to England, . . . ib.
The Eleventh General Assembly, . . 294
Trial of superintendents and commissioners, . . ib.
The Queen's answers to the petitions of the former Assembly, 295 Replies of this Assembly to her answers, . 296
Petitions, . . . . .300
Acts, ..... ib.
Questions decided, . , . .301
Ministers censured, . . . 303
Ministers appointed to try the complaint of a superin- tendent, ..... ib.
CONTENTS. xm
PAGE
Public Fast proclaimed, . . . 303
Causes of it announced, . . . 304
Knox's letter, in name of the Assembly, to encourage super- intendents, ministers, &c., . . 306 1566. Rizio introduces a guard of Italians, . . . 310 Supplants Darnley in the Queen's favour, . . ib. Labours to obtain a Scottish earldom, . . .311 Darnley plots to assassinate him, . . . 312 Death of Rizio, ..... 313 Murrey returns to Scotland on the death of Rizio, . 315 The conspirators escape to England, . . . 316 Knox's Preface to the Fourth Book of his History, explaining the
condition of Scotland at this time, . . 317
Birth of King James the Sixth, . . .321
The Twelfth General Assembly, . . ib.
Trial of superintendents, . . . 322
Petitions, .... ib.
Order of Paul Methven's repentance appointed, . ib.
Questions decided, . . . 323
A fast decreed, .... 324
Bothwell grows in favour with the Queen, . . ib.
He is wounded, and is visited by the Queen, . . 325
Mary declares her intention to be rid of her husband, . 326
Baptism of the prince, .... 327
Darnley 's life attempted by poison, . . . 328
The Thirteenth General Assembly, . . . ib.
A shew of relief offered to the clergy by the Queen and
council, .... 329
Judgements of the Assembly concerning the tithes, . ib.
Questions decided, . . . 330
A reader censured, .... 331
A book appointed to be revised, . . ib.
The Confession of the Helvetian Church approved of, ib.
Knox appointed to write to the Bishops of England in
favour of those who objected to the clerical vestments, 332 His letter on the occasion, . . . ib.
Supplication to recal the commission granted to the Bishop
of St Andrews, .... 335
Knox's letter on the danger that might arise from the Bi- shop's Commission, .... 337
XIV CONTENTS.
PAGE
He is permitted bj tlie Assembly to visit England, 340 1567.
Mary visits her husband at Glasgow, . . 341
Her letter to BothweU describing the interview, . . ib.
Darnley transported to Edinburgh, . . 342
He is lodged in the Kirk of Field, . . . 343
His assassination, .... 344
Murrey and Morton aspersed as his murderers, . . 345
Unceremonious burial of Darnley, . . 346
The Queen's brief mourning, .... 347
Slight inquest to discover the murderers, . . ib.
Bothwell accused of the crime anonymously, , . 348
Acquitted by a mock trial, . . . . ib.
He offers the combat to prove his innocence, . 350
His defiance answered by an anonymous appellant, . ib. BothweU obtains the subscriptions of the Lords to his marriage with
the Queen, . . . . 351
Copy of the band subscribed, .... 352
Assurance of indemnity given by the Queen to the subscribers, 355
Bothwell divorced from his lady, . . . ib.
Mary endeavours in vain to obtain possession of the infant prince, ib.
Bothwell takes the Queen prisoner, . . . 356
He leads her to Edinburgh, . . . 357
Marriage of the Queen and Bothwell, . . . ib.
Band between the Queen, Bothwell, and several lords, . 358
Murray refuses to sign it, . . . • 359 The Queen and Bothwell set themselves against the non-subscribers, ib.
Msirj and Bothwell obliged to fly to Dunbar, . 3G1
Edinburgh castle surrendered to the confederates, . . ib.
The Queen and Bothwell muster their forces, . 362
They occupy Carberrie HiU, .... 363
Bothwell offers the combat to his opponents, . . ib.
The Queen surrenders to the confederates, . . 364
She is brought to Edinburgh, . . . 365
Imprisoned in Lochleven Castle, . . . 366
Bishop of Dumblaue's reception at the French Court, . ib.
Bothwell's casket of letters intercepted, . . 367
FOURTEEXTH GeN^ERAL ASSEMBLY, . . . 368
Their circular to the nobles requesting their attendance
and aid, . . . . . ib.
Questions decided, . . . 370
CONTENTS.
XV
The Lords divided into two factious, Letliington deserts from the Confederates to the Queen, Mary's resignation of the crown, . â– .
Appoints regents during her son's minority, Fifteenth General Assembly,
Conference appointed,
Argile and Abernethy excuse their absence, .
Articles subscribed at this Assembly,
Stipends of the 66th year modified. Coronation of the Prince, The Earl of Murrey returns to Scotland, He is proclaimed Regent, Conventions of the two parties, The king's authority acknowledged, A parliament held,
Its acts in favour of religion and the kirk, The Sixteenth General Assembly,
Trial of Superintendents,
Craig's account of his proceedings in the marriage of the Queen and Bothwell,
Commission to treat upon the jurisdiction of the kirk.
Ministers censured, ....
Argile and his lady censured,
Collectors of the thirds appointed by the Assembly,
Letter requesting WiUock to return to Scotland, 1568. Execution of the murderers of Darnley, Knox's letter to a friend in England, The Queen escapes from Lochleven, Murrey assembles his forces. Issues a proclamation. Mutual band between the captain of the castle
burgh. Battle of Langside, The Queen's forces routed, Hoddom Raid, . A parliament,
Argile 's contrivances to prevent its meeting, The Seventeenth General Assembly,
Trial of the Superintendent of Fife,
Acts,
and city of Edin-
PAGE
371
ib. 372 375 377
ih.
ib. 378 383 384
ib. 385 386 387 388
ib. 392
ih.
394 396 397
ib.
ib. 399
401 402 403 404
405
412
ib.
416
417
418
419
421
ib.
ib.
XVI CPNTENTS.
PAGE
Books to be revised and corrected, . 423
Bishops of Galloway and Orkney tried and censured, 424
The treatise of excommunication to be revised, . ib.
Subjects of memorial to be presented to the Regent, ih.
The Regent's answer, . . . 426
Knox's letter on the apprehension of invasion, . . 427
Mary repairs to England, . . . 428
Murrey summoned to England to justify his proceedings, . 429
Meeting of the English and Scotch commissioners at York, 430
Their preliminary proceedings, • . . 431
Complaint presented by Mary's commissioners, . . 433
Murrey's answer, .... 435
Rejoinder of Mary's commissioners, . . . 439
Lethington's duplicity during the trial, . . 447
The trial transferred from York to London, . . 449
The Regent's Eeke to his former answer, in which he accuses Mary
as accessary to Darnley's murder, . . 451 Protest of the Regent on presenting the Eeke, . . 453 Answer to the Eeke by Lord Herries, . . 455 Mary's Commissioners demand a personal interview for their mis- tress with Elizabeth, .... ib. Elizabeth refuses, .... 456 The tenour of her answer, . . . . 457 Articles proposed by the Bishop of Ross in behalf of Mary, 400 Elizabeth's answer, . . . . .461 Mary's answer to the Regent's Eeke, . . 462 The Regent produces the silver casket and its contents, . 466 The Bishop of Ross endeavours to prove them invalid, . 467 Letter written by one in London about this trial, . . 468 The General Assembly continued, , . 470
1569.
The Regent cleared of calumnies, . . . 472
Mary's missives to Scotland misrepresenting the designs of the
Regent, ..... 473
Elizabeth's auswer, ..... 474
Murrey returns to Scotland, . . . 476
Preparations in Scotland for civil war, . . . 477
TuE Eighteenth General Assembly, . . ib.
Superintendents tried, . . . 478
A Minister censured, ... ib.
An Act, . . . . . ib.
CONTENTS.
xvn
be-
Po-
A Commission to proceed against the Earl of Huntly,
Letter from the Duke of Chattelerault to this Assembly,
Commission given to deal with him,
Superintendent of Lothian's circular (penned by Knox) to the professors in Scotland,
Petitions, ....
Order of the public Fast, The Duke of Chattelerault's transactions with the Regent, The Duke committed to ward, Argile and Huntly summoned ; the latter disobeys, Lethington plots for the Queen, Queen Elizabeth's three proposals to the Scottish convention in
half of Mary, .... The Nineteenth General Assembly,
Trial of Superintendents and Commissioners,
Acts, .....
The Principal and Regents of Aberdeen deposed for pery, ....
Commissions, ....
Enactments, ....
Act for assignation of Stipends,
The Regent's answer.
His letter to the Assembly,
Heads proposed in his name to the Assembly, and their answers, .... Answer to Queen Elizabeth's three demands, . Grange rescues Lethington from an arrest, The Regent makes an inroad upon the borders, Lethington's day of trial prorogued, The Duke of Norfolk's purposed marriage with the Queen
Scots, .....
His design detected.
The Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland rebel, . The Earls are defeated, and escape to Scotland, Northumberland apprehended by the Regent,
1570. The assassination of the Regent Murrey, His character, ..... Intrigues of the Hamiltons upon the occasion, Knox's conference with^the Abbot of Kilwinning, Balcleuche and Phairnihirst invade the English borders.
page 478 479 481
of
482 484 486
ib.
ib. 487 488
489
490
ib.
491
ib. 493
ib. 494 496 498
502
504
ib.
505
506
507 508
ib. 509
ib.
510 511 512 ib. 513
xviii CONTENTS.
PAGE
Kuox's prayer on the death of the Regent, . • 513 Forged conference between the Regent and his friends, about
the former usurping the crown, . . .515
Knox denounces the forgery and its author, . . 52a
Burial of the Regent, .... «&•
Deliberation to revenge the Regent's murder, . . 52Q
Election of a new Regent delayed, . . • 527 Elizabeth's demand that her rebels should be delivered up to
her, ..... 528 Pretended readiness of Mary's party to revenge the Regent's
murder, . . . , . ib.
The Twentieth General Assembly, . . 529
Order of the Assembly's proceedings, . . ib. The Bishop of Orkney's answers to offences laid to his
charge, , . . . 530
Requests of the late Regent, and answers to them, . 535 Articles presented to the Lords of Session, and answers
to them, .... 536
Acts, ..... 538
Questions decided, . . . 540
Ministers and abusers censured, . . . " 543
Commission, .... ib.
Convention at Edinburgh of the lords of the Queen's party, . 544
Deliberation about the choice of a Regent, . . 545
Lamentations of good men for the Regent's death, . . 546
Letter of Mary's partizans to the Queen of England, . 547
An ambassador sent to them fi-om France, . . 550
They make proclamation of their purposes, . .551
They hold a convention at Linlithgo, . . 553
They convene at Edinburgh, and quarrel with the magistrates, 555
Queen Elizabeth resolves to send an array to the borders, . ib.
Assures the Scots that it is only to apprehend her rebels, 556
A day appointed for conference between both parties, which is
not kept, ..... 557
Treachery of Kircaldy of Grange, . . . 558
The lords of the Queen's party leave Edinburgh in fear, . ib. Proceedings of two conventions of the lords in opposition to each
other, . . , . . 560 The lords of the Queen's party demand that Edinburgh should
be open to them, . . . .561
They are refused, .... ib.
CONTENTS. XIX
PAGR Castles taken or demolished by the English, . . 5G2
The Hamiltons assail the castle of Glasgow in vain, . ib.
The English march towards Glasgow, . . . 563
They take the castle of Hammilton, . . 564
The Earl of Lennox appointed lieutenant for twenty days, . 566 Elizabeth's answer to the Scottish lords who desired a settled go- vernment, . . . . . 567 The Earl of Lennox proclaimed Regent, . . ib.
Appendix.
Declaration of the Lords proclaimed at Dumfries against the
Queen's proceedings, anno 1565, . . 569
Act of the Lords of Secret Council in 1567, proclaiming Bothwell
guilty of murdering Darnley and ravishing the Queen, 576
Bothwell's testament and latter will, . 578
"' -^^^
%..
â– <4
CALDERWOOD'S lIISTOiaE
OF
THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND.
QUEENE MARIE, SOYERANE.
AMBASSADERS FROM FRANCE TO ENGLAND TO TREAT OF
PEACE.
Before the death of the queene regent, the Frenche king not be- ing able to send an armie in time, for succour of his companeis ly- ing at Leith, sent two ambassaders, Monsieur Eandon and Mon- sieur Monlucke, Bishop of Valence. Their commission was, to treat with the> Queen of England upon peace ; for the Frenche king thought it an indignitie to send to the Scotish nobilitie, his subjects. The Queene of England sent her principall secretarie, Sir William Cecill, Knight, and Doctor Wotton, Deane of Yorke. The English and Scots fearing deceate, sought, by all meanes, to have the contract sure. The Frenche, to gratifie those who sent them, protracted the time till these within Leith were skarse of victuall ; and the Frenche within Inchekeith had almost perished, if by some stratageme they had not gottin a shippe with victualls, and some munitioun, upon Midsommer Eve, wherof they triumphed not a little. Yitt in end,[peace was concluded upon the * « of Julie 1560, as folio weth : —
VOL. II. A
CALDERWOOD's HISTOHIE 15G0.
" THE ARTICLES TR^VXSACTED AND AGREED UPON BY JOHNE BISHOP OF VALENCE, AND MONSIEUR RANDAN, DEPUTEIS FOR THE KESTG AND QUEEN OF SCOTLAND, SIR WILLIAM CECILL AND NICOL AVOTTON, A3IBASSADERS FOR THE QUEENE OF ENG- LANT), UPON THE MATER PRESENTED TO THEM BY WAY OF PETITION, FOR THE PART OF THE NOBILITIE AND PEOPLE OF SCOTLAND.
" In the first, upon the complaint and petition of the said nobi- litie and the people of this countrie, anent the number of men of warre susteaned by their majesteis in these parts in time of peace : It is humblie requested to the said deputeis, that they would pro- vide opportune remedie therupon, to the solace and releefe of the countrie. The saids deputeis considering the said desire to be just, and conforme to reasoun, consented, concorded, and affirmed, that the king and queene sail procm-e no Frenche men of wan-e, nor no other natioun, to come to thir parts in time comming. But if strangers would pretend to enter into this realme with an armie or navie, to occupie the same, in the which case provisioun sail be made by their majesteis, the judgement and counsel! of the estats of the realme being had therunto ; and that the Frenche men of warre being now in the toun of Leith, sail be sent to France, the same time that the armie and navie of EngKshmen and Scotishmen sail be skailled both by sea and land ; the which sail be done in the best maner may be, as at more lenth consideratioun sail be had therupon. And as to the bands of Scotish men of waiTe being in the said place, they sail be brokin, and the men of waiTe licentiat to depart. Moreover, as to the forts of Dumbar and Inchekcith, there sail remaine in them a hundreth and twentie Frenche men allenarlie, which sail be parted and distributed in thh two places. And there sail remaine no moe in Dumbar but sixtie men of warre, so it be not affirmed by the captans chosin to that effect by both the parteis, that for the keeping of the same anie greater number is not needftill : also to depart Avlien the estats of the realme can find
15!)0. OF TJIE KIKK OF 8COTI.AND. 3
unic good and sure remedie, upon the expenses made iu the same places, to keepe the same from jierell of inA^asion, or deprivatioun therof frome them that would pretend to occupie the same : they sail humediatlie shew the same unto then' majesteis als hastilie as may be done ; and in the meane time, the number of the said men of warre sail not be augmented. And, in like maner, it sail not be lawfuU to anie of the said men of Avarre to doe anie injureis to anie persoun, nor yitt to mainteane and defend anie Scotish man of what qualitie so ever he be of, against the will and authoritie of the magistrats of the realme ; nor to receave them in the said place, that the minister of justice may not putt hands in them ; nor yitt sail intromett with them anie maner of Avay with the querrells and discords of the lords, and other particular men of this realme ; but they themselves sail be bound, in cases of anie querrell, to be pun- ished after the lawes and constitutions of this realme, and to an- swere for themselves before the judges ordinarie of the same. Last of all, that frome hencefurth they be not compelled to tak on cre- dite, they sail be everie moneth satisfeid of their Avages, so that tAVO Scotish lords, chosin by the counsell, may present it at Aveapon- showing and musters of the said men of Avarre ; and also to visite the said forts, to see if the number of them be eeked. And it sail not be laAvfull for the saids men of Avarre to tak anie victualls for then- sustentatioun, for munitioun of the said places, but by l>ay- ment of readie money munerat, and Avitli the pleasure of them that deliver the same to them. And, therefore, the said lords obllshe them to give them so muche as is needfull imto them, they having to pay therefore.
'• Item, Upon the petition presented unto the saids lords deputeis, anent the demolitioun of the fortifications, the said deputeis consent, concord, and affirme, that the fortificatioun of Leith sail be demo- lished, and that two, three, or foure captans sail be chosin by both the parteis, to visite the castell of Dumbar. And if it be found by them that the reparatioun, amplificatioun, and fortifeing made ther- of noAV after the peace, greater number of men to the keeping ther- of is required, the reparatioun and fortificatioun thei'of sail be de-
4 calderwood's nisTORJE 15 GO.
molished so soone as may be done ; and sail remain onlie untulched that thing which may make the castell more sure, and in least dan- ger fi-om invasioim, providing notthelesse, that no greater number of men therin be required for keeping of the same. Moreover, in times comming, the king and queene sail raak no moe new forts within the realme ; and sail not augment them that are elles made ; and sail not repair them that are demolished, without counseU and consent of the estats ; nor yitt sail transport to their parts anie ar- tillerie, munitioim of warre, powder, or victuals, but so muche as may serve for keeping of the said places by the space of six moneths, or a yeere.
" Item, Anent the petitioun made anent the debts contracted by the Frenche men of warre in this countrie, the saids lords concorded, that the king and queene sail caus restore all that which happeneth to be found, given, and granted to the king's lieutenants, and his captans, and others officers, for the nourishment, sustentatioun, and maintenance of the said Frenche men, or that which is found ought to be the lieutenant's, for service of his majestic, that may appeare by Avritting and confessioun of parteis.
" Item, Upon the petitioun made anent the conventioun of estats in this realme, the saids deputeis consent, concord, &c., that the estats of this realme may conveene, and hold parliament the 20th day of the moneth of Julie nixt to come ; upon the which day the parhament sail be continued, as use is, unto the first day of the moneth of Augnist follo^Aang. Providing ahvise, that before they beginne to treate of anie thing in the said parliament, all tumult of warre be discharged and ceasse, that they that are j)resent may be fi-ee, without feare of men of warre or others ; and that in this meane time a messinger be sent by the said deputeis to the king and queene, to certifie them of the things agi'eed, treated, and con- corded, requesting their majesteis humblie to be content with the same. And the said conventioun sail be als laAvfull in all respects as the same had beene ordeaned and done by expresse commande- ment of their majesteis, providing that no mater be treated therin before the said first dav of August.
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTL.VND. O
" Item, Upon the article presented anent warre and peace, the saids deputeis consented, concorded, &c., that the king and qucene neither make peace nor warre in thu- parts, but by the counscll, judgement, and consent of the estats, according to the ordinance of the countrie, and as was observed by their predecessors.
" Item, Upon the petitioun presented to the said deputeis, concern- ing the governement and regiment of the pohcie, they have con- sented, &c., that twentie-foure worthie men of this realme be chosin by the three estats, of the which the king and queene sail choose seven, and the estats five, which, in their majesteis absence, sail tak order, and mak an ordinarie counsell, for the administratioun fore- said ; so that no man, of whatsoever qualitie he be, sail have the power to order anie thing to be done tuiching the said bussinesse, without the mediatioun, authoritie, and consent of them ; so that the said counsellors sail conveene together als oft as they may. But they sail conveene no lesse than six together ; and when anie mater of importance occurreth, they sail be called to consult, or tak order, by them, or the most part of them, if need be. And if it happin anie of the said seven, chosin by the king and queene, to deceasse, their majesteis saU choose another forth of the said num- ber of twentie-foure, in place of him that deceased. And if anie of the said five chosin by the estats dieth, the remnant foure chosin by them sail name another, of the number of twentie-foure. More- over, if it be thought expedient to the said estats, that other two ha augmented to the said number of twelve, then, and in that case, the king and queene sail choose one, and the estats another." (And so was this article agreed under conditioun ; that is to say, that the same be no prejudice in times comming to the king and queene, and the rightes of the croAvne. And the said deputeis of- fered their labours to make mediatioun to the king and queene, for mainteaning pensiouns and expenses of the said counsellers, and ordinarie oflficers of the said counsell, to be provided of the rents and revenues of the crowne.)
" Item, Upon the petitioun made to the saids deputeis, anent the officers of this realme, they consented and concorded, &c., that in
(i cai.di:ii\v()Od's ijistorie 1560.
time to coine, the king and queene sail not depute anie stranger in the administratioun of the civill and commoun justice, and likewise in the office of chancerie, keeper of the scale, treasurer, comptroler, and other like offices ; and sail not use them, but sail be content with their owne subjects, borne in the realme. Moreover, it sail not be law- full to putt the office of treasurie, comptroller, in the hands of anie churcheman, or other which are not able to exercise the said offices ; the which treasurer and comptroller sail be provided of sufficient commissioun to use the said offices. But it sail not be lawfull to them to dispone or sell wards of mariages, or other casualteis, or anie other things whatsoever they be perteaning to their offices, â– \\atIiout counsell or consent of the said counsell to that effect, that the counsell may knoAV that all things be done to the profite of the king and queene. And yitt they will not bind nor astrict the king or queene to this article, that they may not give Avhen they think expedient.
" Item, They concorded, that in the first conventioun and parlia- ment of the estats of this realme, there sail be constituted, or- deaned, and established, a law of oblivioun, which afterward sail l)e confirmed by the king and queen's majesteis, by the w^hich all remembrance of bearing of armour, and other things which have beene done, sail be bureid and forgottin, frome the sixt day of the moncth of Marche, in the yeere of our Lord 1558 yeeres. And by the same law, they which have gainsaid the lawes of the realme, sail be excused and free of all paines conteaned therin, suche like as if it never had beene gainsaid, providing that the privUedges of the said laAv be not extended to them which the estats of the realme sail judge unworthie therof.
" Item, It is agi'ced and concluded, that in the said conventioun or parliament, the estats of the realme, as the use is, and of the inaner is required, sail be called, in the wliich all they that have used to couveene and be present may come without all feare, or force done, or to be done to them, by any persouu ; so that the said estats sail oblishe them, tliat where, in time comming, anie se- ditioun or rnnventionn of men of warrc sail liappin to bo, without
10(>0. OF THE KIRK OP SCOTLAND. 7
command of the counsell, being of the number of twelve, the reahne and countrie sail repute the causers therof, and they that conveene, as rebells ; and sail persue them as suclie like, that they may be punished by the lawes of the reahne ; so that the king and queene sail not be compelled, in time comming, to send anie men of warre, strangers, in thir parts, for obteaning the due obedience of their subjects.
" Item, They offered, concorded, and agreed, that there sail be a generall peace and reconciliatioun amongst all lords and subjects of this realme, so that they that are called of the Congregatioun, and they which are not of the same, sail putt no reproche to others for the things which are done frome the said sixt day of Marche, 1558.
" Item, They offered, concorded, and affirmed, that the king and queene sail not persue, revenge, nor mak anie persecutioun for the things that have beene done ; nor yitt sail they suffer the same to be done by their subjects, Frenchemen ; but saU have all things in oblivioun, as the same had never beene done. And suclie like the lords of this realme of Scotland sail doe, of all bussinesse be- twixt them and the Frenchemen, on their parts. And if by sini- ster informatioun, or anie other occasioun, their majesteis have con- ceaved evill opinioun against their subjects, they sail utterlie for- gett and change the same ; nor they sail not deprive anie of them, nor denude anie of them, or of their subjects, of the offices, benefices, or estats which they have bruiked in the said realme before, by reasoun of anie things they have medled with, frome the said 6th day of Marche, 1558. And further, sail make no occasioun of depriva- tioun nor depouning of them by anie other colour, without caus ; l)ut rather they sail esteeme and treat them, in time comming, as good and obedient subjects, providing that the saids lords and other subjects, on their part, make to their majesteis all obedience, suchc like as other faithfull and natural! subjects owe to their soverans.
" Item, It is concorded and agreed, that it sail be lawfull to none of the lords of the nobilitie of Scotland, or anie other, to make con- VMcatioun of men of warre, but in the ordinarie caus approved
8 CALDERAVOOD's IIISTORIE 1560.
by the law and custonie of the reahne ; and yitt, none of them sail caus anie men of warre, strangers, to come to thir parts, and muche lesse sail attempt to doe anie thing against the king and queene, or against the anthoritie of the counsell or other magi- strats of the realme ; and they who have presented the petitioim saU be bound tlierunto. And in cace anie of them, or others, find occasioun to invade, or tak armour against anie man, as he pre- tendeth, after that he hath communicated the mater with the coun- sell of the realme, he sail present his complaint to their majesteis. And, generaUie, they sail obhshe them, under the said pains, to doe the things Avhich perteane to good and faithfull subjects, for the quietnesse and tranquillitie of the realme, and rights of their soverans.
" Item, It is agreed, that if anie bishops, abbots, or other church- men, sail find or alledge them to have receaved anie injureis, either in their persons or in their goods, the plaint sail be scene and con- sidered by the estats of the said conventioun and parhament ; and there sail be made redresse, as they sail find, according to reasoun : and, in the meane time, no man sail stoppe them, but they sail brooke their goods ; nor saU doe anie hurt, injurie, or violence to them. And if anie doth controveen this article, he sail be persued by the lords, as a perturber of a good commoun weale.
" Item, It is concorded, &c., that the saids lords sail bind them to observe, and caus to be observed, all and sundrie points and ar- ticles agreed in this treatie. And if it happen that anie of them, or anie other, would gainsay the same, the remanent lords and re- sidue of the whole people sail be enemeis to him, and sail pcrsue huu, till he be chastised and punished according to his demerits.
" Item, It is concluded, &c., that all the whole realme may know, that the king and queene are not willing to keepe anie remembrance of the troubles and differences past ; and so farre as concerneth the nobilitic and other subjects of this realme, that their majesteis de- sire to trcatc them humanelie, and to be favourable unto them, the said deputeis have promised and concorded, that the Duke of Chat- telerault, and all other noblemen of Scotland, sail be remitted, and
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 9
putt again in all their goods and Ijenefices which they had and in- joyed in France, that they may brooke and injoy the same, in the same maner as they did before these debates, the said sixt day of Marche, and yeere aforesaid, even as the said controverseis had never chanced. And also, that all capitnlatiouns and articles agreed upon in times past, and speciallie these that were appointed in the king and queen's contract, sail be observed and keeped, als weill for the part of their majesteis, as for the part of the nobilitie and people of Scotland. And as concerning David, sonne to the said Duke of Chattelerault, now being in Brys de Vincent, Hbertic sail be granted to him to returne to Scotland, and doc as he pleaseth.
" Moreover, when the said deputeis exponed, that some time it might chance, that the king might misse of his great gunnes and artillerie in France, the said lords having consideration therof, concorded, that no other artillerie be translated out of this realme, but these which were sent and brought in, frome the day of the deceasse of Francis, King of France, of good memorie, to these parts ; and that all other artillerie and munitioun be reponed into the places where they were taken furth of, and in speciall, that have the armes of Scotland, sail be putt in the place where they were takin furth of, &c., and there sail be noblemen of Scotland a^ipointed therefore ; and two, for tlie part of the king's majestic, are to be deputed to cognosce the samine, before the shipping therof.
" And, moreover, that where for the part of the nobilitie and people of Scotland, certan articles concerning rcligioun and other points were presented, which the said deputeis woidd not tuiche, but considering the weight and importance of them, remitted the same to be acknowledged and decided by their majesteis ; the saids lords and nobilitie doe promise, that a certan number of noblemen sould be chosin in the nixt conventioun and parliament, to be sent to their majesteis, which sail expone to their Highnesse these things that sail be thought needfull for the estate of their bussinesse ; and for the fore-mentioned, and other articles and points undecided by the said deputeis, to the effect that they may know their majesteis' in- tentioun and benevolence upon these things, which sail be exponed
10 calderwood's historie 1560.
for the part of the countrie. Tlie vvliicli also sail have with them a confirmatioun and ratificatioun by the estats of the realnie, of these articles Avhich are concorded and agreed by the said depu- teis ; to whom also the same time, or before, sail be givin and de- livered like confirmatioun and ratificatioun made by their majes- teis, so being, that the said estats send their ratificatioun aforesaid."
THE PROCLA3IATIOX OF THE THIXGS ABOVE WEITTIX.
" To the loving of the most puissant, and comfort of all Clu'istians : The most puissant prince and princesse, and most Christian King and Queene of France, Francis and ]Marie, by the grace of God King and Queene of France and Scotland, and by the most puis- sant princesse Elizabeth, by the same grace, Queene of England and Ireland, &c., it is concorded, and reconciliatioim of peace and arnitie made, which is to be observed inviolablie amongst them, tlieir subjects, realms, and countreis. Forasmuche as in name of the said prince and princesse it is commanded, and straitlie charged to aU maner of persons under their obedience, or being in their ser\-ice, frome hencefm-th to desist from all hostilitie both by sea and land, and to keepe good peace one witli the other ; and with charge to the breakers under their great pei'eU."
THE DEPAETURE OF THE FEE^XHE A2s'D ENGLISH.
Peace being proclaimed, as said is, the most part of the Frenclie •were transported to France, in English vesseUs. They careid Avith them the whole spoile of Leith. That was the secimd benefite Leith receaved of their promised Hbertie. The Enghsh arniie de- parted by land the l(5th of Julie. The most part of tlie noblemen, professors of the true rellgioun, convoyed them honorablie.
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. H
PREPARATION FOR THE PARLIAMENT.
After the return of the lords from tlie convoy of the Enolish the counsell beganne to consult upon the affaires of the coinmoun wealth, speciallie the establisheinent of religioun, and to prepare and order things needfiill for the parliament. The preachers ex- horted them to be thankfull to God for their deliverance; nixt, to see ministers placed in the countrie, as necessitie required.
PUBLIC THANKSGIVING AND PLANTING OF SUPERINTEND ANTS AND MINISTERS.
A day was appointed, wherin the whole nobilitie, and the great- est part of the Congregatioun, assembled in the Great Kirk of Edinburgh, where, after sermoun made for the purpose, thanks were givin to God for his merciful! deliverance frome the tyrannie of the Frenche, the substance wherof is extant in some prayers, and formes of thanksgiving prefixed before the Psalmes. Com- missioners of burghes, with some of the nobilitie and barons, Avere appointed to see ministers placed, who for the time were in Edin- burgh, for the most part. Mr Knox was appointed minister in Edinburgh ; Christopher Gudman, who for the most part remained in Air, in the time of the troubles, was placed in Sanct Andrewes ; Adam Heriot in Aberdeen ; Mr Johne Row in Sanct Johnstoun ; Paul Methven in Jedburgh ; William Christesone in Dundie ; David Fergusone in Dumfermline ; Mr David Lindsay in Leith. JNIr Johne Spotswood was nominated to be superintendent of Lothiane, Mr Johne Wynrarae of Fife, Mr Johne Willockc for Glasgow and the west, the Laird of Dun for Angus and Mernes, Mr Johne Carswell for Argile and the Isles ; unlesse the countreis wlicreto they Avere appointed could, in the meane time, find out men more able and sufficient, or elles shew suche causes as might make them unable for that diffnitie.
12 CALDERV.OOD's UISTORIE 1560.
THE SPIEITUALL LORDS PRESENT AT THIS PARLIAMENT.
The parliament approaching, all that by law or ancient ciistome had, or might clame place thenn, were advertised by the counsell. The assemblie was great, notwithstanding some, as weill of these that be called spirituall, as of these that be called temporall lords, absented themselves contemptuouslie. Yitt the Bishop of Sanct Andrewes, Dumblane, and Dunkeld, with some other of inferior sort of the Popish factioim, presented themselves. The Bishop of Galloway, the Abbots of Lindores, Ciilrosse, Sanct Colrae's Inch, Newbottle, Halp-udhous, the Pryour of Sanct Andrewes, Colding- hame, Sanct Marie He, the Sub-pryoiir of Sanct Andrewes, and diverse others who had renounced Poperie, were present also.
In time of parliament, Mr Knox taught publicklie upon the pro- phecie of Haggee. He was fervent in applicatioun. William Mat- lane of Lethington said in mockage, " AVe must now forgett our- selves, and beare the baiTow, to build the hous of God." Ilowbeit some mocked, yitt others were moved, and assembled together, to consult what things were to be proponned to the present par- liament. After deliberation, this subsequent supplicatioun was pre- sented : —
" The Barons, Gentlemen, Burgesses, and others, true subjects of this realme, professing the Lord Jesus witliin the same, to the Xobilitie and States of Parhament presentlie assem- bled within the said realme, desu'e grace, mercie, and peace, from God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, with the encreasse of his Holie Spirit.
" Please your honours to reduce to your remembrance, how di- verse and sundrie times we, with some of your selves, most hum- blie desired, at the feete of the late queene regent, freedome and libertie of conscience, with a godlic reformatioun of abuses, which,
15G0. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND, 13
by the malice of Satan and negligence of men, are crecped in into the religioun of God, and are mainteaned by suche as tak upon them the name of clergie. And albeit that our godlie and most reasonable sute was then disdainfullie rejected, wherof no small trubles have ensued, as your honours weill know, yitt seing that the same necessitie yitt remaineth that then moved us ; and, moreover, that God of his mercie hath now putt into your hands suche order as God thereby may be glorifeid, this commoun wealth quietted, and the policie therof established, Ave cannot ceasse to crave of your honours the redresse of suche enormiteis as mani- festlie are, and of long time have beene committed by the place- holders of the ministrie, and others of the clergie within this reahnc. And first, seing that God of his great mercie hath, by the light of his Word, manifested to no small number of this realme, that the doctrine of the Roman church receaved by the said clergie, and mainteaned through their tyrannic by fire and sword, conteaneth in itself manie pestiferous erroiu's, which cannot but bring damna- tioun to the soules of suche as therewith sail be infected ; suche as are the doctrine of transubstantiation ; of the adoratioun of Christ's bodie under the forme of bread, as they terme it ; of the merits of works, and justificatioun that they alledge cometh thereby ; to- gether with the doctrine of the Papisticall indulgences, purgatorie, pilgrimage, and praying to sancts departed, Avhich all either re- pugne to the plaine Scriptures, or elles have no ground of the doc- trine of our Master, Jesus Chi'ist, his prophets, nor apostles : We humblie therefore crave of your honours, that suche doctrine and idolatrie, as by God's Word are both condemned, so may they be abolished by act of this present parliament, and punishement ap- pointed for the transgressors. Secundarilie, seing that the Sacra- ments of Jesus Christ are most shamfuUie abused and profaned by that Roman harlott, and her sworne vassalls, and also, becaus that the true discipline of the ancient church is utterlie now among that sect extinguished ; for who within the realme are more corrupt in life and manors than are they that are called the clergie, living in whoordom, adulterie, deflouring virgins, corrupting matrons, and
14 CALDEltWOOD's IllSTUltlE 15G0.
doing all aboiiilnatioun without feare of puiiishement ? — we hum- blie, therefore, desire yom^ honours to find remedie against the one and the other. Thridlie, becaus that Man of Sinne most falslie clameth unto himself the titles of the Vicar of Christ, the Sueces- sour of Peter, the Head of the Chui'ch ; that he cannot erre, that all power is gi'aunted unto Yum, &c., by the which usurped autho- ritie, he taketh upon him the distributioun and possessioun of the Avhole patrimonie of the church, wherby the true ministrie of the Word of God long time hath altogether beene neglected, godlie learning despised, the schooles not provided, and the poore not onKe defrauded of their portioun, but also most tyrannouslie op- pressed, we likewise heerof desire remedie. And least that your honours sould doubt in anie of these premisses, we offer ourselves evidentlie to prove, that in all the rable of the clergie there is not one lawfull mmister, if God's Word, the practises of the apostles, the sinceritie of the primitive church, and theu- owne ancient lawes, sail judge of lawfull electioun. We further offer ourselves to prove them all theeves and murtherers, yea, rebells and tratours to the lawfull authoritie of emperours, kings, and princes ; and, therefore, unworthie to be suffered in anie commoun wealth. How malicious- lie they have murthered om' brethrein, foi no other caus, but for that they have offered to us the light of God's Word, your honours cannot be ignorant ; and into Avhat hazard their tyrannic hath brought tliis whole reahne, the ages after will consider. If yee looke for anie other fi-uict of them in times to come, than yee have seene in them whom we accuse, we are assured yee sail be de- ceaved. Now hath God, beyond all expectatioun of man, made yourselves, who sometime were suppliants with us for reformatioun, judges, as it were, in the caus of God : at least, he hath subdued your enemeis unto you, that by \dolence they are not able to sup- presse the Veritie, as heeretofore they have done. We, therefore, in the bowells of Jesus Clii-ist, crave of your honours, that cither they may be compelled to answere to our former accusatiouns, and unto suche others as justlie we have to lay to their charges, or elles, that all affectioun laved aside, yee pronounce them suche l)y censure of
15()0. OF THE KIRK Ul' SCOTLAND. 15
this parliament, and cans them to be so reputed, a« by us most justlie they are accused : especiallie, that they may be decerned unworthie of honour, authoritie, charge, or cure within the Churcli of God, and so frome hencefurth never to injoy vote in parUament. Which, if yee doe not then in the feare of God, and by the assur- ance of his Word, we forcwarne you, as yee leave a greevous yoke and burthein intolerable upon the Kirk of God within this realme, so saU they be thornes in your eyes, and pi'ickes in your sides, Avhom after, when yee would, yee sail have no power to remove. God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, give you upright hearts, seeking his glorie ; and true understanding what this day He Avho hath delivered you frome boundage, both spirituall and temporal], craveth of you by his servants. And your honours' answere most humblie we require."
This supplicatioun being read in audience of the Avhole assembhe, as some favoured uprightlie the caus of God, so were there manie that for worldlie respects abhorred a perfyte reformatioun. Yitt were the barons and ministers called, and commandement givin to them, to draw, in plaine and severall heads, the summe of that doctrine which they would mainteane, and desire the parliament to establishe. This was gladelie undertaken, and within foure dayes after, this Confessioun following was presented : —
" THE CONFESSION OF FAITH
" PROFESSED AND BELEEVED BY THE PROTESTANTS WITHIN THE REALME OF SCOTLAND ; RATIFEID BY THE ESTATS OF PARLIA- MENT, AS WHOLESOME AND SOUND DOCTRINE, GROUNDED UPON THE INFALLIBLE TRUTHE OF GOD'S WORD.
" And this glade, tidings of the kingdome sail be preached through- out the ichole world, for a icitnesse unto all nations. And then sail the end comer — Matt. xxiv.
16 CALDERWOOl/S IIISTORIE 15(J0.
" THE PREFACE.
" The Estats of Scotland, with the Inhabitants of the same, professing Christ Jesus his hoKe Gospell, to their naturall countrie men, and unto all other realmes and nations pro- fessing the same Lord Jesus with them, wishe grace, mer- cie, and peace fi'om God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, Avith the spirit of righteous judgment, for saluta- tion.
" Long have we thristed, deere brethrein, to have notifeid unto the world the summe of that doctrine which w^e professe, and for which we susteaned infamie and danger. But suche hath beene the rage of Satan against us, and against Christ Jesus his etemall Veritie, latelie borne amongst us, that to this day no tune hath beene granted unto us to cleare our consciences, as most gladelie we would have done. For hoAv Ave have beene tossed a Avhole yeere past, the most part of Europ (as we doe suppose) doth understand. But seing that of the infinite goodnesse of our God, (who never sufFereth his afflicted utterlie to be confounded,) above expecta- tioun have we obteaned some rest and libertie, we AA^oidd not but sett furtli this breefe and plaine confessioun of suche doctrine as is propouned unto us, and as we beleeve and professe, partlie for sa- tisfactioun of om* brethrein, whose hearts (we doubt not) have beene, and yitt are wounded by the dispitefull railing of suche as yitt have not learned to speeke weill, and partlie for stopping of the mouths of impudent blasphemers, Avho boldlie condemne that Avhich they neither heard nor understood. Not that we judge, that the cankered malice of suche is able to be cured by this simple confes- sioun : no, we know that the SAveete savour of the Gospell is and sail be death unto the sonnes of perditioun. But Ave have cheefe respect to our Aveake and infirme brethrein, to Avhome Ave Avould communicat the bottom of our hearts, least that they be troubled, or careid away with diversitie of rumors Avhich Satan sparseth
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 17
against us, to the defacing of this our godlie enterprise ; protesting, that if anie man will note in this our confessioun, anie articles or sen- tence repugning to God's holie Word, that it would please him of his gentlenesse, and for Christian charitie's sake, to admonishe us of the same in writting, and we of our honours and fideUtie doe promise unto him satisfactioun frome the mouth of God, that is, frome the Holie Scripture, or elles reformatioun of that which he sail prove to be amisse.. For God we take to record in our consciences, that from our hearts we abhorre all sects of heresie, and all teachers of erroneous doctrine ; and that with all humilitie we embrace the puritie of Christ's Gospell, which is the onlie food of our soules, and, therefore, so precious unto us, that we are determined to suf- fer the extremitie of worldlie danger, rather than that we sail suf- fer ourselves to be defrauded of the same. For heerof we are most certanlie perswaded, that whosoever denyeth Christ Jesus, or is ashamed of him in presence of men, sail be denyed before the Fa- ther, and before his holie angels. And, therefore, by the assistance of the mightie Spirit of the same our Lord Jesus, we firmelie pur- pose to abide to the end in the confessioun of this our faith.
" 1. Of God.
" We confesse and acknowledge one onlie God, to wliome we must cleave, whom onlie we must worship, and in whom onlie we put our trust ; who is eternall, infinite, immeasurable, incompre- hensible, omnipotent, invisible, one in substance, and yitt distinct in three persons, the Father, the Sonne, and the Holie Ghost ; by whom we confesse and beleeve all things in heaven and earth, as weill vi- sible as invisible, to have beene created, to be reteaned in their being, and to be ruled and guided by his inscrutable providence, to suche end as his eternaU wisdome, goodnesse, and justice, hath appointed them, to the manifestatioun of his owne glorie.
" 2. Of the Creation of Man. " We confesse and acknowledge this our God to have created man, (to witt, our first father Adam,) of whom also God formed VOL. TI. ^
18 calderwood's historie 1560.
the Avoinau, to his owne image and similitude ; to whom he gave wisdome, lordship, justice, free-Avill, and cleere knowledge of him- self, so that in the whole nature of man there could be noted no imperfectioun : from which honour and perfectioun man and wo- man did both fall, the Avoman being deceaved by the serpent, and man obeying the voice of the woman ; both conspiring agamst the soverane majestic of God, who, in expresse words, had be- fore threatned death, if they presumed to eate of the forbiddin tree.
" 3. Of Originall Sinne.
" By which transgressioun, commounlie called Originall Sinne, was the image of God utterlie defaced in man, and he and his pos- teritie, of nature, become enemeis to God, slaves to Satan, and ser- vants to sinne, in so muche, that death everlasting hath had, and saU have, power and dominioun over all that have not beene, are not, or sail not be regenerated from above ; which regeneration is Avrought by the power of the Holie Ghost Avorking in the hearts of the elect of God an assured faith in the promises of God reveeled to us in his Word, by which faith they apprehend Christ Jesus, with the graces and benefits promised in him.
" 4. Of the Revelation of the Promises.
" For this we constanthe beleeve, that God, after the fearefiiU and horrible defection of man from liis obedience, did seeke Adam again, call upon him, rebooke his sinne, convict him of the same, and in the end made unto him a most joyful promise, to witt, that the seed of the Avoman soidd breake doun the seqient's head ; that is, he sould destroy the Avorks of the devill. Which promise, as it Avas repeated and made more cleere frome time to time, so was it em- braced Avith joy, and most constantlie reteaned of all the faithfuU frome Adam to Noah, frome Noah to Abraham, and from Abraham to David, and so fiirth to the incarnation of Jesus Christ, who all (we meane the faithfuU fathers under the law) did see the joyfuU dayes of Christ Jesus, and did rejoice.
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 19
" 5. The Continuance, Increasse, and Preservation of the Church.
" We most constantlie beleeve, that God preserved, instructed, multiplied, honoured, decored, and from death called to life his church in all ages, fr'om Adam till the comming of Christ Jesus in the flesh. For Abraham he called from his father's countrie ; him he instructed, his seed he multipleid, the same he mervelloushe preserved, and more mervelloushe delivered frome the boundage and tyrannic of Pharaoh ; to them he gave his lawes, constitutions, and ceremoneis ; them he possessed in the land of Canaan ; to them, after judges, and after Saul, he gave David to be king, to Avhom he made promise, that of the fruict of his loynes sould one sitt for ever upon his royaU seate. To this same people frome time to time he sent prophets, to reduce them to the right way of their God, frome which often times they declynned by idolatrie. And, albeit that for thefr stubborne contempt of justice, he was compelled to give them in the hands of their enemeis, as before was threatned by the mouth of Moses, in so muche that the holie citie was destroyed, the temple burnt with fire, and the whole land left desolate the space of seventie yeeres, yitt of mercie did he reduce them againe to Je- rusalem, when the citie and temple were re-edifeid, and they, against all tentations and assaults of Satan, did abide, till the Messias came, according to the promise.
" 6. Of the Incarnation of Christ Jesus. " When the fulnesse of time came, God sent his Sonne, his Eter- nall Wisdome, the substance of his owne glorie, into this world, who tooke the nature of manhead, of the substance of a woman, to witt, of a virgin, and that by operatioun of the HoUe Ghost ; and so was borne the just seed of David, the Angell of the great coun- sel! of God, the verie Messias promised ; whome we confesse and acknowledge Immanuel, verie God and verie man, two perfyte na- tures united and joyned in one persoun. By which our confessioun, we condemne the damnable and pestilent herescis of Ai-rius, Mar- cion, Eutyches, Nestorius, aud suche others as either did denie the
20 calderwood's historie 1560.
eternitie of his Godhead, or the veritie of his humane nature ; or confounded them, or yitt divided them.
'^ 7. Why it behoved the Mediator to be verie God and verie Man.
" Wee acknowledge and confesse, that this most wonderous con- junctiouu betwixt the Godhead and the manhead in Christ Jesus, did proceed frome the eternall and immutable decree of God, frome which aU our salvatioun springeth and dependeth.
" 8. Election.
" For that same etemall God and Father, who of meere grace elected us in Cluist Jesus liis Sonne, before the foundatioun of the world was layed, appointed him to be our Head, our Brother, our Pastor, and great Bishop of our soules. But becaus that the ini- mitie betwixt the justice of God and our sinnes was suche, that no fleshe by itself could, or might have atteaned unto God, it behoved that the Sonne of God sould descend doun unto us, and take him- self a bodie of our bodie, fleshe of our fleshe, and bone of our bones, and so become the Mediator bet\^^xt God and man ; giving power to so manie as beleeve in him to be the sonnes of God, as himself doth witnesse : " I passe up to my Father and unto your Father, to my God and unto your God." By which most hohe fraternitie, whatsoever we have lost in Adam is restored to us again. And for this cans are w^e not affrayed to call God our Father, not so muche becaus he hath created us, (which we have commoun with the reprobat,) as for that he hath givin unto us his onlie Sonne to be our brother, and givin unto us grace to acknowledge and em- brace him for our onlie Mediator, as before is said. It behoved, further, the Messias and Redeemer to be verie God and verie man, becaus he was to underly the punishement due for om' transgres- siouns ; and to present himself in the presence of his Father's judgement, as- in our persoun, to suffer for our transgressioun and inobedience, by death to overcome him that was the author of death. But becaus the onKe Godhead could not suffer death, nei- ther yitt could the onlie manhead overcome the samine, He joyned
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 21
both together in one persoun, that the mibecillitie of the one soulcl suffer and be subject to death, which we had deserved, and the in- finite and invincible power of the other, to witt, of the Godhead, sould triumphe, and purchase to us life, libertie, and perpetuall victorie. And so we confesse, and most undoubtedlie beleeve.
" 9. Christ's Death, Passion, and Buriall.
" That our Lord Jesus offered himself a voluntarie sacrifice unto his Father for us ; that he suffered contradictioun of sinners ; that he was wounded and plagued for our transgressions ; that he, being the cleane innocent Lambe of God, was damned in the presence of an earthlie judge, that we sould be absolved before the tribunal seate of our God ; that he suffered not onlie the cruell death of the crosse, (which was accursed by the sentence of God,) but also that he suf- fered for a seasoun the wrathe of his Father, which sinners had de- served. But yitt we avow, that he remained the onlie welbeloved and blessed Sonne of his Father, even in the middest of his an- guishe and torment which he suffered in bodie and soule, to mak full satisfactioun for the sinnes of the people ; after the which, we confesse and avow, that there remaineth no other sacrifice for sinne. Which, if anie affirme, we nothing doubt to avow, that they are blasphemers against Christ's death, and the everlasting purgatioun and satisfactioun purchased to us by the same.
" 10. Resurrection.
" Wee undoubtedlie beleeve, that in so muche as it was impos- sible that the dolours of death sould reteane in boundage the Author of life, that our Lord Jesus, crucifeid, dead, and bureid, Avho de- scended into hell, did arise againe for our justificatioun, and de- stroying of him who was the author of death ; brouglit life againe to us who were subject to death, and to the boundage of the same. We know that his resurrectioun was confirmed by the testimonie of his verie enemeis ; by the resurrectioun of the dead, whose se- pulchres did open, and they did rise, and appeared to manic within
22 calderwood's historie 1560.
the citie of Jerusalem. It was also confirmed by the testimonic of his angels, and by the senses and judgements of his apostles, and of others who had conversatioun, and did eate and drinke with him after liis resurrectioun.
" 11. Ascension.
" We nothing doubt, but the self-same bodie which was borne of the Virgin was crucifeid, dead, and bm'eid; and which did rise again, did ascend unto the heavens, for the accomplishment of all things ; where, in our names, and for our comfort, He hath receaved all power in heaven and earth ; where He sitteth at the right hand of his Father, inaugurat in his kingdome, Advocat, and onlie Me- diator for us. ^Yhich glorie, honour, and prerogative. He alone amongst the brethrein sail possesse, till that all his enemeis be made his footstoole, as that we undoubedlie beleeve they sail be, in the finall judgement ; to the executioun wherof we certanlie beleeve, that the same our Lord Jesus sail visiblie return, as that he was seene to ascend. And then we firmelie beleeve, that the time of refreshuig and restitutioun of aU things sail come, in so muche that these, who frome the beginning have suffered violence, injurie, and wrong, for righteousnesse' sake, sail inherite that blessed immor- talitie promised fi'ome the beginning. But contrariwise, the stub- bome, inobedient, crueU oppressours, filthie persons, idolaters, and all suche sorts of unfaithfull, saU be cast in the dungeon of utter darknesse, where the worme sail not dee, neither yitt the fire sail be extinguished. The remembrance of wliich day, and of the judgement to be executed in the same, is not onlie to us a bridle whereby our carnaU lusts are refrained, but also suche inestimable comfort, that neither may the threatning of worldlie princes, nei- ther yitt the feare of temporall death and present danger, move us to renounce and forsake that blessed societie Avhich we, the mem- bers, have with om- Head and onlie Mediator, Chi-ist Jesus ; whome we confesse and avow to be the Messias promised, the onlie Head of his Kirk, our just Lawgiver, our onlie High Freest, Advocat, and
1560. OF THE KIRK OP SCOTLAND. 23
Medlatoi-. In which honours and offices, if man or angell presume to intruse themselves, we utterhe detest them as blasphemous to our Soverane and supreme Governour, Christ Jesus.
"12. Faith in the Holie Ghost.
" This our faith, and the assurance of tlie same, proceedeth not from flesh and blood, that is to say, frome naturall poAvers within us, but is the inspiratioun of the Ilolie Ghost ; whome we confesse God equall with the Father and Avith his Sonne ; who sanctifcith us, and bringeth us into all veritie by his owne operatioun ; with- out whome Ave sould remaine for evermore enemeis to God, and ignorant of his Sonne Christ Jesus. For of nature Ave are so dead, so blind, and so perverse, that neither can we feele when we are pricked, see the light AA'hen it shineth, nor assent unto the Avill of God Avlien it is revceled, unlessc the Spint of the Lord Jesus quicken that which is dead, remove the dai-kenesse frome our mindes, and boAv our stubborne hearts to the obedience of his blessed Avill. And so, as Ave confesse that God the Father created us when Ave Avere not, as his Sonne, our Lord Jesus, redeemed us when Ave Avere enemeis to him, so also do we confesse, that the Holie Ghost doth sanctifie and regenerat us, Avithout all respect of anie merite proceeding of us, be it before, or be it after our regene- ratioun. To speeke this one thing yitt in more plaine Avords : as we willinglie spoile our selves of all honour and glorie of our oaa'uc creatioun and redemptioun, so doe Ave also of our regeneratioun and sanctificatioun. For of ourselves Ave are not sufficient to tliinke a good thought ; but He who hath begunne the Avork in us, is on- lie He who continueth us in the same, to the praise and glorie of his undeserved grace.
;" 13. The cause of Good Works.
" So that the cans of good works Ave confesse to be, not our free-
Avill, but the Spirit of the Lord Jesus, who, dAvelling in our hearts
by true faith, bringeth furth suche Avorks as God hath prepared us
for to Avalk in. For this we must boldlie affirme, that blasphemie
24 calderwood's historie 1560.
it is to say, that Christ abideth in the hearts of suche as in whorae there is no spirit of sanctificatioun. And, therefore, we feare not to affirme, that murtherers, oppressors, cruell persecutors, adul- terers, Avhoonnongers, filthie persons, idolaters, drunkards, theeves, and all workers of iniquitie, have neither true faith, neither anie portioun of the Spirit of the Lord Jesus, so long as obstinatlie they continue in their wickednesse. For how soone the Spu'it of the Lord Jesus (which God's elect childrein receave by true faith) taketh possessioun in the heart of anie man, so soone doth He re- generat and renue the same man ; so that he beginneth to hate that which before he loved, and beginneth to love that which be- fore he hated. And from thence commeth that continuall battell which is betwixt the flesh and the Spirit in God's childrein, whill the flesh and naturaU man, according to the owne corruptioun, lusteth for things pleasant and delectable to the self; and grudgeth in adversitie, is lifted up in prosperitie, and at everie moment is prone and readie to offend the Majestic of God. But the Spirit of God, which giveth witnessing to our spirit that we are the sonnes of God, maketh us to resist filthie pleasures, and to grone in God's presence for deliverance frome this boundage of corruptioun ; and finallie to triumphe over sinne, that it raigne not in our mortall bodeis. This battell hath not the camall man, being destitute of God's Spirit ; but doth follow and obey sinne with greedinesse, and without repentance, even as the devill and their corrupt lusts doe pricke them. But the sonnes of God, as before was said, doe fight against sinne ; doe sob and mom*ne, when they perceave them- selves tempted to iniquitie ; and if they fall, they rise againe with earnest and unfained repentance. And tliir things they doe, not by their owne poAver, but by the power of the Lord Jesus, with- out whom they were able to doe nothing.
" 14. Wltat IVorks are reputed good before God. " We confesse and acknowledge, that God hath givin to man his holie laAV, in which not onlie are forbiddiu all suche works as displease and offend his godlie Majestic, but also are commanded
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTL.VND. 25
all suche as please him, and as he hath promised to reward. And thir works be of two sorts. The one are done to the honom- of God, the other to the profite of our nighbours ; and both have the reveeled will of God for their assurance. To have one God, to worship and honour him, to call upon him m all our troubles, reve- rence his holie name, to heare his Word, beleeve the same, com- municat with his holie Sacraments, are the works of the First Table. To honour father and mother, obey their charges, (not re- pugning to the commandement of God,) to save the Hves of inno- cents, to represse tyrannic, to defend the oppressed, to keepe our bodeis cleane and holie, to live in sobernesse and temperance, to deale justlie Avith all men both in word and deed, and, finallie, to represse all appetite of our nighbour's hurt, are the good works of the Secund Table, which are most pleasing and acceptable to God, as these works that are commanded by himself. The contrarie wherof is sinne most odious, which alwise displeaseth him, and provoketh him to anger : as not to call upon him alone when we have need, not to heare his Word with reverence, to contemne and despise it, to have or worship idols, to mainteane and defend ido- latrie, lightlie to esteeme the reverend name of God, to profane, abuse, or contemne, the Sacraments of Christ Jesus, to disobey or resist anie that God hath placed in authoritie, (whiU they passe not over the bounds of their office,) to murther or to consent there- to, to beare hatred, or to lett innocent blood be shed if we may with- stand it. And, finaUie, the transgressioun of anie other commande- ment in the First or the Secund Table, we confesse and affirme to be sinne, by which God's anger and displeasure is kindled against the proud, unthankfull world. So that good works Ave affirme to be these onlie that are done in faith, and at God's commandement, who in his laAv hath expressed what the things be that please him. And evill Avorks we affirme not onlie these that expreslie are done against God's commandement, but these also that in maters of re- ligioun and Avorshipping of God have no other assurance but the invention and opinion of man, which God from the beginning hath ever rejected ; as by the prophet Isay, and by our jNlastcr, Christ
2G calderwood's historie 1560.
Jesus, we are taught in thii* words, ' In vaine doe they worship me, teaching for doctrins the precepts of men.'
" 15. The Perfection of the Law^ and Imperfection of Man.
" The law of God we confesse and acknowledge most just, most equall, most holie, and most perfyte, commanding these things which being wrought in perfectioun were able to give life, and able to bring man to eternaU felicitie. But our nature is so corrupt, so weake, and so imperfyte, that we are never able to fulfill the works of the law in perfectioun ; yea, if we say we have no sinne even after we are regenerated, we deceave ourselves, and the veritie of God is not in us. And, therefore, it bchoveth us to apprehend Christ Jesus, with his justice and satisfactioun, who is the end and accomplishment of the law ; by whom we are sett at this libertie, that the curse and maledictioun of God faU not upon us, albeit we fulfill not the same in all points. For God the Father, beholding us in the bodie of his Sonne Christ Jesus, accepteth our imperfyte obedience as it were perfyte, and covereth our Avorks, which are defiled with manic spots, with the justice of his Sonne. We doe not meane that we are so sett at libertie, that we owe no obedience to the law ; (for that before we have plainlie confessed ;) but this we aflfirme, that no man in earth (Christ Jesus onlie excepted) hath givin, giveth, or saU give in worke, that obedience to the law which the law requireth. But when we have done all things, we must fall doun, and unfainedlie confesse that we are unprofitable servants. And, therefore, whosoever boast themselves of the merits of their owne works, or putt their trust in the works of su- pererogatioun, boast themselves in that which is nought, and putt their trust in damnable idolatrie.
"16. Of the Kirk.
" As we beleeve in one God, Father, Sonne, and Holie Ghost, so doe we most constantlie beleeve, that frome the beginning there hath beene, and now is, and to the end of the world sail be, a Kirk ; that is to say, a eompanie and multitude of men chosin of God,
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 27
who rightlie worship "and embrace him by true faith in Christ Jesus, who is the onhe Head of the same Kirk, which also is the bodie and spous of Christ Jesus : which Kirk is CathoHck, that is, universall, becaus it conteaneth the elect of all ages, of all realincs, natiouns, and tongues, be they of the Jewes, or be they of the Gentiles, who have communioun and societie with God the Father, and with his Sonne Christ Jesus, through the sanctificatioun of his Holie Spirit. And therefore is it called the communioun, not of profane persons, but of sancts, who, as citicens of the heavenlie Jerusalem, have the fruitioun of the most inestimable benefites ; to witt, of one God, of one Lord Jesus, one faith, and one baptisme; out of which Kirk there is neither life nor eternall felicitie. And, therefore, we utterlie abhorre the blasphemie of them that affirme, that men who live according to equitie and justice sail be saved, what religioun that ever they have professed. For as without Christ Jesus there is neither life nor salvatioun, so sail there none be participant thereof, but suche as the Father hath givin unto his Sonne Christ Jesus, and they that in time come unto him, avow his doctrine, and beleeve into him : (we comprehend the childrein with the faithfull parents.) This Kirk is invisible, knowne onlie to God, who alone knoweth whom he hath chosin ; and compre- hendeth as weill, as said is, the elect that be departed, commounlie called the kirk triumphant, as those that yitt live and fight against sinne and Satan, or sail live heerafter.
"17. The Immortalitie of the Soule. " The elect departed are in peace, and rest from their labours. Not that they sleepe, and come to a certan oblivioun, as some phantasticks doe affirme ; but that they are delivered from all feare and torment, and all tentatioun to which we, and all God liis elect are subject in this life, and therefore doe beare the name of the kirk militant : as contrariwise, the reprobat and unfaithful] de- parted have anguish, torment, and paine that cannot be expressed. So that neither are the one nor the other in suche sleepe, that they feele not joy or torment, as the parable of Christ Jesus, in the IGth
28 caldeewood's historie 1560.
of Luke, his words to the theefe, and thir Avords of the soules cry- ing under the altar, ' O Lord, thou art righteous and just : how long sail thou not revenge our blood upon these that dwell in the earth,' doe declare.
" 18. Of the Notes by which the Time Kirk is discerned from the False, and icho sail be Judge of the Doctrine.
" Becaus that Satan from the beginning hath laboured to decke his pestilent synagogue Avith the title of the Kirk of God, and hath inflammed the hearts of crueU murtherers to persecute, trouble, and molest the true Kirk and members therof ; as Cain did Abel, Is- mael Isaack, Esau Jacob, and the whole priesthood of the Jewes Christ Jesus himself, and his apostles after him, it is a thing most requisite, that the true Kirk be discerned frome the filthie syna- gogues, by cleere and perfyt notes, least we, being deceaved, re- ceave and embrace, to our owne condemnatioun, the one for the other. 'JThe notes, signes, and siu'e tokens wherby the immaculat spous of Christ Jesus is knoAvne fi'ome the horrible harlot, the kirk malignant, we affirme, are neither antiquitie, title usurped, hneall descent, place appointed, nor multitude of men approving an errour. For Cain, in age and title, Avas prefered to Abel and Seth. Je- rusalem had prerogative above all places of the earth, where also were the preests lineallie descended from Aaron. And greater number followed the scribes, Pharisees, and preests, than unfained- lie beleeved and approved Christ Jesus and his doctrine. And yitt, as we suppose, no man of sound judgement wiU graunt, that anie of the forenamed were the Kirk of God. , iThe notes, therefore, of the true Ku'k of God, we beleeve, confesse, and avow to be, Fii'st, The true preaching of the Word of God, into the which God hath reveeled liimself unto us, as the writtings of the prophets and apos- tles doe declare : Secundhe, The riglit administratioun of the sacra- ments of Christ Jesus, Avhich must be annexed unto the Word and promises of God, to scale and confirme the same in our hearts : Last, Ecclesiasticall discipline uprightlie ministered as God his Word prescribeth, Avhereby vice is repressed and vertue nourished.
15 GO. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 29
Wheresoever, then, these former notes are seene, and of anie time continue, (be the number never so few; about two or three ;) there, without all doubt, is the true Ku-k of Christ, who, according to his promise, is in the middest of them. Not that universall, of which we have before spokin ; but particular, suche as was in Corinthus, Ga- latia, Ephesus, and other places in which the ministrie was planted by Paul, and were of himself named the Kirks of God. And suche kirks we, the inhabitants of the realme of Scotland, professors of Christ Jesus, professe our selves to have in om* citeis, touns, and places reformed. For the doctrine taught in om' kix'ks is conteaned in the wi'ittin Word of God, to witt, in the bookes of the Old and New Testament : in these bookes, we meane, which of the ancients have beene reputed canonicall, in the which we affirme, that all things necessarie to be beleeved for the salvatioun of man are ex- pressed, the interpretation wherof we confesse, neither appertean- eth to privat nor publick persoun, neither yitt to anie kirk, for anie pre-eminence or prerogative, personallie or locallie, which one hath . above another ; but apperteaneth to the Spirit of God, by the which also the Scripture was writtin. When controversic then happeneth, for the right understanding of anie place or sentence of Scripture, or for reformatioun of anie abuse within the Ku-k of God, we ought not so muche to looke what men before us have said or done, as unto that which the Holie Ghost uniformelie speeketh within the bodie of the Scriptiu'cs, and unto that wliich Christ Je- sus himself did, and commanded to be done. For this is a thing universallie graunted, that the Spirit of God, which is a spirit of unitie, is in nothing contrarious to himself. If, then, the interpreta- tion, determination, or sentence of anie doctor, kirk, or counsell, re- pugne to the plaine Word of God writtin in anie other place of Scripture, it is a thing most certane, that there is not the true un- derstanding and meaning of the Holie Ghost, although that coun- cels, realmes, and natiouns have approved, and receaved the same. For we darre not receave nor admitt anie interpretatioun which re- pugneth to anie principall point of our faith, or to anie other plaine text of Scripture, or yitt to the rule of charitie.
30 calderwood's iiistorie 1560.
" 19. Tke Authoritie of the Scriptures. " As -we beleeve and confesse the Scriptiires of God sufficient to instruct and make the man of God perfyte, so doe we affirme and avow the authoritie of the same to be of God, and neither to depend of men nor angells. We affirme, therefore, that suche as alledge the same to have no other authoritie than that which it hath receaved from the kirk, to be blasphemous against God, and injm-ious to the true church, which alwayes heareth and obeyeth the voice of her owne spous and pastor, and taketh not upon her to be mastresse over the same.
" 20. Of General Councels; of their Power ^ Authoritie^ and Cause of
their Convocation.
" As we doe not rashhe damne that Avhich godlie men assembled together in generall councell, lawfullie gathered, have propouned unto us, so, without just examination, darre we not receave what- soever is obtruded unto men under the name of generall councels. For plaine it is, as they were men, so have some of them manifest- lie erred, and that in maters of great weight and importance. vSSo farre, then, as the councel proveth the determinatioun and com- mandement that it giveth be the plaine Word of God, so soone doe we reverence and embrace the same. But if man, under the name of a councell, pretend to forge unto us new articles of our faith, to make constitutions repugning to the Word of God, then utterlie we must refuse the same, as the doctrine of devills, which draweth our soules frome the voice of our onlie God, to follow the doctrins and constitutions of men. The cans, then, why that generall councels were conveened was, neither to make anie perpetuall law which God before had not made ; neither yitt to forge new articles of our beleefe, nor to give the Word of God authoritie ; muche lesse to make that to be His word, or yitt the true interpretatioun of the same, which was not before by his holie will expressed in his Word. But the cans of councels (we meane of suche as merite the name of councels) Avas partlie for confutatioun of hereseis, and for giving
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 31
publick confessioim of their faith to the posteritie following ; which both they did by the authoritie of God's wi-ittin Word, and not by anie opinioun or prerogative, that they could not erre, by reasoun of their generall assemblie. And this we judge to have beene the cheefe caus of generall councels. The other was, for good pohcie and order, to be constituted and observed in the kirk, which, as in the hous of God, it becometh all things to be done decentlie and in order. Not that we thinke anie policie, and one order in ceremoneis, can be appointed for all ages, times, and places : for as ceremoneis, suche as men have devised, are but temporall, so may and ought they to be changed, when they rather foster superstitioun, than that they edifie the kirk vising the same.
"21. Of the Sacraments.
" As the fathers under the laAv, besides the veritie of the sacri- fices, had two cheefe sacraments, to witt. Circumcision and the Pass- over, the despisers and contemners wherof were not reputed of God's people, so doe Ave acknowledge and confesse, that we now, in the time of the Evangell, have two cheefe sacraments onlie, instituted by the Lord Jesus, and commanded to be used of all these that will be reputed members of his bodie ; to witt, Baptisme and the Supper, or Table of the Lord Jesus, called the Communion of his bodie and blood. And thir sacraments, as weill of Old as of New Testament, now instituted of God, not onhe to make a visi- ble difference betwixt his people and these Avho Avere Avithout his league, but also to exercise the faith of his childrein, and by par- ticipation of the same sacraments, to scale in then- hearts the assur- ance of his promise, and of that most blessed conjunctioun, unioun, and societie, which the elect have Avith their head, Christ Jesus. And thus, we utterlie damne the vanitie of them that affirme the sacraments to be nothing elles but naked and bare signes. No ; we assm-edlie beleeve, that by baptisme Ave are ingrafted in Christ Jesus, to be made partakers of his justice, by which our sinnes are covered and remitted ; and also that in the Supper, rightlic used, Christ Jesus is so joyned with us, that he becometh the verie
32 calderwood's historie • 150O.
nourlshement and foode of our soules. Not that we imagine anie transubstantiatioun of bread into Christ's bodie, and of wine into his naturall blood, as the Papists have pemiciouslie taught, and damnablie beleeved; but this union and conjunctioun which we have with the bodie and blood of Christ Jesus, in the right use of the sacraments, wrought by the operatioun of the Plolie G host, who, by true faith, carieth us above all things that are visible, carnall, and eartlalie, and maketh us to feede upon the bodie and blood of Christ Jesus, which was once brokin and shed for us, which now is in heaven, and appeareth in the presence of his Father for us. And yitt, notwithstanding the farre distance of place, which is be- twixt his bodie now glorifeid in heaven, and us now mortaU in this earth, yitt we must assuredlie beleeve, that the bread which we breake is the communioun of Christ's bodie, and the cuppe which we blesse is the communioun of his blood. So that we confesse and undoubtedlie beleeve, that the faithfull, in the right use of the Lord's Table, doe so eate the bodie and drinke the blood of the Lord Jesus, that he remaineth in them, and they in him : yea, they are so made flesh of his flesh, and bone of his bones, that as the eternall Godhead hath givin to the flesh of Christ Jesus (which of the owne conditioun and nature was mortall and corruptible) life and immortalitie, so doth Christ Jesus his flesh and blood, eatin and drunkin by us, give unto us the same prerogatives. Which, albeit we confesse are neither givin unto us at that time onHe, neither yitt by the proper power and virtue of the sacrament onlie, yitt we affirme, that the faitlifuU, in the right use of the Lord's Table, have conjunctioun with Christ Jesus, as the na- turall man cannot apprehend. Yea, and farther, we aflarme, that albeit the faithfull, oppressed "svith negligence and namelie^ in- firmitie, doe not profite so muche as they would in the verie in- stant actioun of the Supper, yitt sail it after bring furth fruict, as livelie seede so win in good ground : for the Holie Spii'it, which can never be divided from the right institutioun of the Lord Jesus will not frustrate the faithfull of the fruict of that mysticall actioun, ' Conspicuous, noted. 1
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 33
But all tliir, we say, come of true faith, which apprehendeth Christ Jesus, who onlie maketh this sacrament effectuall unto us. And, therefore, whosoever slaunders us that we affirme or beleeve sa- craments to be naked and bare signes, doe injurie unto us, and speeke against the manifest truthe. But this liberallie and franke- lie we confesse, that we mak a distinctioun betwixt Christ Jesus in his eternall substance, and betwixt the elements of the sacra- mentall signes. So that we neither worship the signes in place of that which is signifeid by them, neither yitt doe we despise them as unprofitable and vaine, but doe use them with all reverence ; ex- amining ourselves dUigentlie before that so we doe, becaus we are assured by the mouth of the apostle, that suche as eate of that bread, and drinke of that cuppe, unworthilie, are guiltie of the bodie and blood of Jesus Christ.
" 22. Of the right Administration of the Sacraments.
" That sacraments be rightlie ministred, we judge two things re- quisite. The one, that they be ministred by lawfull ministers, whome we affirme to be onlie these that are appointed to the preach- ing of the Word, into whose mouths God hath putt some sermoun of exhortatioun, they being men lawfullie chosin therto by some kirk. The other, that they be ministred in suche elements, and suche sort, as God hath appointed, elles we affirme that they ceasse to be the right sacraments of Christ Jesus. And therefore it is that we flee the doctrine of the Papisticall kirk, in participatioun of their sacraments ; First, Becaus their ministers are no ministers of Christ Jesus, yea, (Avhich is more horrible,) they suffer weomen, whom the Holie Ghost will not suffer to teache in the congrega- tioun, to baptize ; and, Secundlie, Becaus they have so adulterated the one saci-ament and the other with their owne inventiouns, that no part of Christ's actioun abideth in the original! puritie. For oyle, salt, spittal, and suche like, in baptisme, are but men's inventiouns. Adoratioun, veneratioun, bearing through streetes and touns, and keeping of bread in boxes or boostes,^ are profanatioun of Christ's
' Chests. VOL. IL C
34 calderwood's historie 1560.
sacraments, and no use of the same. For Christ Jesus said, * Tak, eat, etc. Doe yee this in remembrance of me.' By which word and charge, he sanctifeid bread and wine to the sacrament of his holie bodie and blood, to the end that the one sould be eaten, and that all sould drinke of the other ; and not that they sould be keeped to be worshipped and honoured as God, as the Papists have done heeretofore, who also committed sacriledge, stealing frome the peo- ple the one part of the sacrament, to witt, the blessed cuppe. Moreover, that the sacraments be rightlie used, it is required, that the end and cans why the sacraments wei'e instituted be understand and observed, as weill of the ministers as of the receivers. For if the opinioun be changed in the receaver, the right use ceasseth ; which is most evident by the rejectioun of the sacrifice, (as also if the teacher plainKe teache false doctrine,) which were odious and abominable before God, (albeit they were his owne ordinance,) be- caus that wicked men use them to another end than God hath or- deaned. The same affirme we of the sacraments in the Papisticall kirk, in which we affirme the whole actioun of the Lord Jesus to be adulterated, as weill in the externaU forme, as in the end and opinioun. What Christ did, and commanded to be done, is evi- dent by the evangelists, and by Sanct Paul : what the preest doeth at his altar we need not to rehearse. The end and cans of Christ's institutioun, and why the self-same sould be used, is expressed in thir words : ' Doe yee this in remembrance of me. Als oft as yee sail eate of this bread, and drinke of this cuppe, yee saU shew furth (that is, extoll, preache, magnifie, and praise) the Lord's death till he come.' But to what end, and in what opinioun, the preests say their masse, lett the word of the same, theu* owne doctrines, and wi'ittings witnesse : to witt, that they, as mediators betwixt Christ and his kii-k, doe offer unto God the Father a sacrifice propitiatorie for the sinnes of the quick and the dead. Which doctrine, as blas- phemous to Christ Jesus, and making derogatioun to the sufficien- cie of his onlie sacrifice once offered for purgation of all these that sail be sanctifeid, we utterlie abhorre, detest, and renounce.
loGO. OP THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 35
"23. To whom Sacraments apperteane.
" We confessc and acknowledge, that baptisme apperteans as Weill to the infants of the faithfull, as unto them that be of age and discretioun. And so we damne the eiTour of the Anabaptists, who denie baptisme to apperteane to childrein before they have faith and understanding. But the Supper of the Lord we confesse onHe to apperteane to suche as be of the houshold of faith, and can trie and examine themselves, as weill in their faith, as in their due tie to- ward their nighbour. Suche as eate or drinke at that holie table without faith, or being at dissensioun and divisioun with their bre- threin, doe eate unworthilie. And therefore it is that in our kirk our ministers tak publick and particular examinatioun of the know- ledo;e and conversatioun of suche as are to be admitted to the table of the Lord Jesus.
"24. Oftlie Civill Magistrat.
" We confesse and acknowledge impyres, kingdoms, dominions, and citeis, to be distructed and ordeaned by God : the powers and authoritie in the same, be it of emperours in their impyres, of kings in their realmes, dukes and princes in their dominions, and of other magistrats in citeis, to be God's hoHe ordinance, ordeaned for manifestatioun of his owne glorie, and for the singular profyte and commoditie of mankinde. So that whosoever goeth about to tak aAvay, or to confound the whole state of civill poKceis now long established, we affirme the same men not onlie to be enemeis to mankinde, but also wickedlie to fight against God his expressed will. We further confesse and acknowledge, that suche persons as are placed in authoritie are to be loved, honoured, feared, and holdin in most reverend estimation, becaus that they are the lieu- tenants of God, in whose sessiouns God himself doth sitt and judge, yea, even the judges and princes themselves, to whom, by God, is givin the sword, to the praise and defense of good men, and to punishe all open malefactors. Moreover, to kings, princes, rulers, and magistrats, we affirme that cheeflie, and most principaUie, the
36 calderwood's iiistorie 1560.
conservatioun and purgatioun of religioun apperteanetli ; so that not onlie they are appointed for civill policie, but also for mainten- ance of true religioun, and for suppressing of idolatrie and super- stitioun whatsoever, as in • David, Josephat, Ezekias, Josias, and others highhe commended for their zeale in this case may be es- pied.
"25. The Gifts freelie given to the Kirk.
" Albeit that the Word truelie preached, and the sacraments righthe ministred, and discipline executed according to the Word of God, be the certan and infallible signes of the true kirk, Ave meane not, that cverie particular persoun joyned with suche companie is an elect member of Christ Jesus : for we acknowledge and confesse, that dornell, cockle, and chaffe may be sowin, grow, and in great abundance ly in the middest of the wheat. That is, the reprobat may be joyned in the societie of the elect, and may externallie use with them the benefytes of the Word and Sacraments. But suche being but temporall professors in mouth, but not in heart, doe fall backe, and continue not unto the end ; and therefore have they no fruict of Christ's death, resurrectioun, nor ascensioun. But suche as with heart unfainedlie beleeve, and with mouth boldlie confesse the Lord Jesus, as before we have said, saU most assuredlie receave thir gifts : Fu'st, In this life, remissioun of sinnes, and that by onhe faith in Clirist's blood, in so muche, that albeit sinne remaine, and continuallie abide in thir our mortaU bodeis, yitt it is not imputed unto us, but remitted, and covered with Christ's justice. Secundlie, In the generaU judgement, there sail be givin to everie man and woman resurrectioun of the flesh. For the sea saU o-ive her dead, the earth these that be therin inclosed ; yea, the Eter- nal!, our God, sail stretche out his hand on the dust, and the dead sail arise incorruptible, and that in the substance of the self-same flesli that everie man now beareth, to receave, accordino- to their works, glorie or punishement. For suche as now delite in vanitie, crueltie, filthinesse, superstitioun, or idolatrie, saU be adjudged to the fire unquenchable, in which they sail be tormented for ever, as
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 37
Weill in their owne bodeis, as in their soules, which now they give to serve the devill in all abominatioun. But suche as continue in Weill doing to the end, boldlie professing the Lord Jesus, we con- stantlie beleeve that they sail receave glorie, honour, and imraor- talitie, to raigne for ever in life everlasting with Christ Jesus, to whose glorifeid bodie all his elect sail be made like, when he sail appeare again in judgement, and sail rander up the kingdome to God his Father, who then sail be, and ever sail remaine, in all things, God, blessed for ever; to whom, with the Sonne,, and with the Holie Ghost, be all honour and glorie, now and ever. So be it.
" Arise, O Lord, lett thy enemeis be confounded ; lett them flee from thy presence that hate thy godlie name. Give thy servants strenth to speeke thy words in boldnesse, and lett all nations cleave to thy true knowledge. Amen."
THE CONFESSIOUN OF FAITH RATIFEID BY THE ESTATS.
These articles were read in face of parliament, and ratifeid by the three estats at Edinburgh, the 17th day of Julie, 1560. The Confessioun was read publicklie, first, in audience of the Lords of the Articles. The forenamed bishops, and some other of the temporal! estate, were charged in the name of God to object, if they could, anie thing against that doctrine. Some of the ministers Avere present, standing upon their feete, readie to have answered. Whill no objectioun was made, a day was appointed for conference. The Confessioun of Faith was read, everie article by it self, and cverie man's voice required accordinglie. None of the temporall estat voted in the contrare, except the Erie of AthoU, Lord Somervell, and Lord Borthwicke. " We will beleeve," said they, " as our fathers beleeved." The Popish bishops spake nothing. The rest of the three estats approved the doctrine by their votes ; manie the rather becaus the bishops would not, nor durst say nothing in the contrare. The Erie of Marshall said, " It is long since I had some
38 caldeewood's historie 1560.
favour to the tnithe ; but praised be God, I am this day fullie re- solved : for seing my lord bishops, who, for their learning, can, and for their zeale they owe to the truthe, would, as I suppose, gain- say anie thing repugning to the same, yitt speeke nothing against the doctrine propouned, I cannot but hold it the verie truthe of God, and the contrarie to be deceavable doctrine. Therefore, so farre as in me lyeth, I approve the one, and damne the other ; and doe farther aske of God, that not onlie I, but also my posteritie, may injoy the comfort of the doctrine that this day our cares have heard. Farther, I protest, if anie persons ecclesiastical! sail heerafter oppone themselves to this our Confessioun, that they have no place nor credite, considering that time of advisement being granted to them, and they having full knowledge of this our Confessioun, none is now found in lawfuU, free, and quiett parliament, to oppone themselves to that which we profssse. And, therefore, if anie of this generatioun pretend to doe it after tliis^ I protest he be reputed rather one that loveth liis owne commoditie, and the glorie of the world, than the truthe of God, and splvatioun of men's soules."
TWO ACTS AGAINST THE MASSE AND THE POPE'S JURISDICTION.
After the ratificatioun of the Confessioun of Faith, two acts were made. One, that no maner of person, in time coming, administrat anie of the sacraments secreetlie, or anie other way, but onlie these that are admitted, and have power to that effect ; nor say masse, nor heare masse, nor be present thereat, under the paine of confis- cation of all their goods, and j^unishing of their bodeis, at the dis- cretioun of the magistrats within whose jurisdiction suche persons happin to be apprehended, for the first fact ; banishment out of the realme for the secund fact ; and death for the thrid fact. Another, that none of the subjects sute or desire in time comming, title or right by the Bishop of Rome, or his sect, to anie thing within this realme, under the pain of baratrie ; that is to say, proscriptioun, banishment, and never to brooke honour, office, nor dignitie within
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. ,'59
this realme : that the controveeners be called before the justice or his deputs, or before the Lords of the Sessioun, and be punished conforme to the lawes ; their furnishers with fynings of money : that the purchasers of their title or right, or mainteaners and de- fenders of them, sail incurre the same paines ; and that no bishop, or other prelat within this realme, use anie jurisdictioun in time to come by the said Bishop of Rome's authoritie, under the pahie for- said. These two acts and the Confessioun of Faith are extant in print, in the Acts of Parliament ratifeid and confirmed in the yeere 1567, James Erie of Murrey being regent.
THE DEATH OF THE KING OF FRANCE.
The estats directed to France, to the king and queene. Sir James Sandelands, Lord of Sanct Jolme, with the Acts of Parliament, to be ratifeid by them, according to the promises made by their com- missioners in the contract above mentioned. He came to France in a verie unfitt time ; for the Gwisians ruled the court, and sought the ruine of those that mislyked their governement. Whom they could not oppresse under colour of religiouu, they intended against them accusatioun of treasoun and lesemajestie. The King of Na- varre was committed to waird, the Prince of Condie adjudged to death, Montmorancy and his sister's sonnes were appointed for the slaughter. They had the names of ten thowsand in scroll, whome they purposed to vexe and oppresse one way or other. The toun of Orleance was in the meane time possessed by soiddiours. Some few courteours satt in judgement upon the lives, goods, and credite of honest men. The prison houses were filled : steeples, turrets, blocke-houses, and other places upon the walls, were, for a time, con- verted into prisons. It was determined at court, that als soone as the yce thowed, and the river of Loyr were navigable, the king sould take journey to Chinon, and the Gwisians, with some few, sould remaine, to putt in executioun the sentences of the judges. In the meane time came Sir James Sandelands to court, not so muche to seeke pardoun for anie bypast offences, as to purge his
40 calderwood's historie 1560.
countriemen, and to lay the blame of the late tumults upon the Frenche. The Gwisians rebooked him sharplie, that he, being a Knight of the Holie Order/ sould have takin upon him anie mes- sage or instructions frome rebells, for that execrable religioun, which had beene latehe condemned in the Councell of Trent by the consent of all other Christian natiouns. Manie womidered that the Scots, not sufficientlie provided of munitioun or armour, and divided among themselves, durst provoke so mightie a king. Whill they were thus freating and threatning, the king was stricken sud- denlie with an aposthume in that deafe eare that never would heare the tnithe of God, when he was sitting at masse, readie to have de- parted out of Orleance immediatlie therafter : for his hous in Or- leance was brokin up, his beds, coffers, tapestrie, sent away, and his bootes putt on. There was none professing the truthe within the toun that looked not for extremitie ; for the walls and gates were, night and day, keeped by garrisouns of the Gwisians. Inno- cent men were dayhe brought in, to suffer punishement. None were suffered to depart furth but at the pleasm'e of the Duke of Gwise, the Cardinall of Loran, and then* factioun. Wlien all things were in readinesse for shedding of the blood of the innocent, the Lord beganne to work as yee see. The king was careid to a voide hous, and layed upon a palHesse, till a cannabie was sett up above liim.
THE LAST PAELIAilENT A LA^VTULL PARLIAMENT.
Sir James Sandelands was dismissed frome the com't of France soone after the king was stricken in his deafe eare, without anie ratificatioun of the Acts and Confessioun of Faith. The profess- ours sent him not to beg anie strenth to then- religioun, which
' Sir James Sandilands of Calder, after having resided some years at INIalta, and become a Knight of the Order of Saint John. ^\as, on accoimt of his high reputation and talents, promoted to the Mastership of the Preeeptory of Torphichen in 1543, with the title of Lord Saint John of Jerusalem. In consequence, therefore, of the eccle- siastical as well as military character of which his office partook, his secession to the Reformers was regarded by the Papists as a double apostacy.
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 41
needed not the suffrages of men, so muche <as to show their obedi- ence. Where as some alledge tliis parliament above mentioned was but a privat conventioun, becaus neither king nor queene was present, sword, scepter, or crowne borne, and some principall lords absent, they may be easilie answered. First, Through avIiosc de- fault was the queene absent ; or who procured her to be sent to France, but the Papists themselves ? Nixt, The estats of the realme were assembled in her name. They had her and her hus- band's full power and commissioun to hold a parhament, and to doe all Avhich may be done in a lawfuil parliament, even as if they had beene there in their proper persouns. Wheresoever the king's coun- sellers, with his power and commissioun, are assembled to doe anie thing at his commandement, there is the king's presence and autho- ritie. If the power of princes were to be limited to their bodilie pi'csence, kings sould be compelled to be content not onlie with one realme, but also with one citie. There was no greater freedome in anie parliament holdin for an hundreth yeere before ; for in it men's voices were free, and givin of conscience : in others they were bought, or givin at the devotioun of the prince. The careing of the sword, scepter, and crowne, is rather a glorious ceremonie than a substantiall and necessar point. The absence of some pre- judgeth not these that were present, for all were warned.
THE CHURCH POLICIE DRAWIN AT THE DESIRE OF THE NOBILITIE.
The parliament being dissolved, consultatioun was had how a good and godlie policie might be established in the church, which, by the Papists, was altogether defaced. Commissioun and charge were givin to Mr Knox, Mr Johne Wynrame, Subpryour of Sanct Andrewes, Mr Johne SpotsAvod, Mr Willockes, Mr Johne Dowg- las, Kector of the Universitie of Sanct Andrewes, and Mr Johne Row, to draw a plat forme of the chm'ch poKcie, as they had done of the doctrine. They obeyed, and presented it to the nobilitie, who perused it manie dayes. Some approved it, and wished it to
42 calderwood's historie 1560.
be ratif'eid by law : others perceaving their carnall libertie to be re- strained, and worldlie commoditie to be somwhat impaired there- by, grudged, in so muche that the name of the Booke of Discipline became odious unto them. What crossed their corrupt appetites was termed by them in mockage a " devote imaginatioun." Some were licentious, some had gripped greediHe to the kirk rents, others thought they would not laike their part. The Lord Areskine was the cheefe man among the professours who refused to subscribe the Booke of Discipline. No wonder ; for beside that he had an evill wife, if the poore, the schooles, and the ministrie had gottin their owne competent part, his kitchen would have laiked two parts and more of that which he possessed. None were more unmercifidl to the poore ministers than they that had the greatest share of the kirk rents. Yitt a great part of the nobihtie subscribed the Booke of Discipline in Januarie following, as we sail shew.
THE ERLE OF ARRAN PROPONED IN MARIAGE TO THE QUEENE OF ENGLAND.
The Erles Morton and Glencarne, and William Matlane of Leth- ington, younger, were sent from the counseU, soone after the par- liament, to England, to crave the constant assistance of the Queene of England against all forraine invasioun ; and to propone in mariage to the queene the Erie of Arran, who then was in no small estima- tioun among the godlie. But the Queene of England and her counsell willed them not to depend upon suche hopes, for it was not her minde to marie hastilie. But before their returne, the King of France, Francis the Secund, departed this life about the beginning of December. Therefore the Erie of Ai-ran did beare the repulse the more patientlie, for he was not altogether out of hope that the Queene of Scotland careid some favour to him. He ^vrote to her, and sent for credite a ring, which she knew verie Weill, She receaved both the letter and the ring. After answere returned, he pursued no farther, howbeit he bare it heavilie in heart.
15G0. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 43
THE CASTELL OF SEMPILL BESIEGED AND TAKIN.
The castell of Sempell was besieged and takin soon after the parliament, becaus the lord therof disobeyed the lawes and ordi- nances of the counsell ; speciallie becaus he would mainteane the masse, and had besett the Erie of Arran with a great number of his freinds, whUl as he was ryding out the way with his accustomed companie.
THE HOPES OF THE FRENCHE FACTIOUN.
The Papists looke for a new armie frome France at the nixt spring. There was no small appearance ; for France utterlie re- fused to confimie the peace contracted at Leith, or to ratifie the Acts of Parliament, dismissed the Lord of Sanct Johne without a resolute answere, beganne to gather new bands of throtcutters, and to make great preparatioun for ships. The Gwisians vowed to re- venge upon England and Scotland the displeasure of their sister. Beton, Bishop of Glasgow, Durie, Abbot of Dumfermline, Lord Seton, Mr Johne Sinclar, Deane of Restalrig, and others of the Frenche factioun, fostered them in their malice. They openlie re- nounced anie portioun of Scotland, unlesse it were under the go- vernement of the Frenche men. The Lord Seton, who Avent with the Frenche out of Leith, and some other practisers, were sent be- fore to raise new troubles. Manie were affrayed. Sundrie feared that England would not susteane so great charges as they liad done in former times for their defence. The preachers assured them, that God would perfyte his owne worke, for it was not theirs, but his owne ; exhorted the professors to proceed in reformatioun of abuses, and planting the ministrie, and then committ the successe to God, who is able to dispose of kingdoms. The godlie had skarse begunne to call for helpe at God, and to shew some signes of obe- dience to his Word, when he sent a wonderfull deliverance. For by the death of the King of France, the faithfull in France were delivered, as it were, frome present death ; and the professours m
44 calderwood's historie 1560.
Scotland, who by their foolishnesse had made themselves slaves to strangers, were restored again to the freedome and libertie of a free realme. Mr Knox had receaved letters out of France (for he had intelligence both with the chm'ches and the court there) that the kino- was deadlie sicke, and would not recover. Whill he was conferring with the duke and Lord James, in the duke's loodging, in the Church of Feild, upon these newes, and was comforting them, and they him for the death of his wife, Marjorie Bowes, there came a messinger frome Ber\\ick, sent by my Lord Gray, to certifie them of the death of the King of France. The death of this king made great alteratioun in France, England, and Scot- land. A conventioun of the nobUitie was appointed to be holdin at Edinburgh, the 15th day of Januarie follo^ving.
THE FIRST GENERALL ASSEMBLIE.
The first GeneraU Assemblie of the reformed Ku'k of Scotland was holdin at Edinbm'gh, the 20th day of December. That the reader may perceave what raritie of pastors there was in the in- fancie of our Idrk, and what were the small beginnings of our As- sembleis, we will sett doun the names of the commissioners and members of this fii'st Assemblie.
THE NA3IES OF THE aiEMSTERS AJST) COMMISSIONERS OF PARTICULAR KIRKS.
Johne Knox, minister ; James Baron and Edward Hope, com- missioners for Edinburgh.
Christopher Gudman, minister ; David Spence and Mr Robert Kynpont, for St Andrewes.
Mr Johne Row, minister, for the kirk of Perth.
WiUiam Daroch and William Xorwell, for Stirline.
Charles Drummond, proveist, James Witherspoone and Andrew Mill, for Linlithquho.
Hugh "Wallace of Carnall, Johne Foullarton of Dreghorne, and Charles Campbell of Skeldum, for the kirk of Kyle.
1560. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 45
George Hume of Spott, for the kirks of East Lothiane.*
David Lindsay, minister ; Andrew Lambe and Patrik Boyman, for Leith.
William Harlaw, minister ; and Robert Faii'lie of Braid, for the West Kirk, beside Edinburgh.
William Christesone, minister ; George Lowell and William Car- michaell, for Dundie.
Alexander Gutlirie of Hackerton, and William Durham e of Grange, for Forfar.
Jolme Areskine of Dun, and Andrew Mill, for Montrose.
The Lairds of Tulyvarde and Fethercarne, for the kirks of the Mernes.
The Laird of Garleis, younger, for the kirks of Nithisdaill.
Mr David Wemes, for the kirk of Carnbie.
Mr Walter Balfour, for the kirk of Linton.
Johne Browne, Thomas Boyd, and James Polwart, for Tor- phichin.
William Lambe, William Bonkle, for Dumbar.
James Dowglas, James Moir, for Calder comitis.
Mr Robert Wynrame, for Ratho.
Johne Kincaid, for Kirkliston.
THE NAMES OF SUCHE AS WERE THOUGHT BEST QUALIFEID FOR PREACHING OF THE WORD, AND MINISTRING OF THE SACRA- MENTS, AND READING OF THE COMMOUN PRAYERS PUBLICKLIE IN ALL KIRKS AND CONGREGATIONS, GIVIN UP BY THE MINI- STERS AND COMMISSIONERS WITHIN THEIR OVT^B BOUNDS.
In Kyle, for reading ; Rankene Davidsone, Richard Bannatyne, Robert Campbell, Hugh Wallace, Andrew Lokhart, Andrew Clial- mer, James Dalrum.pell, Adam Landels, all readers, and Johne Chalmer, apt to teache.
In Sanct Andrewes, for ministering and teaching; Mr Jolme Rutherford, Mr William Ramsay, Mr James Wilkie, Mr Robert
40 calderwood's iiistorie 15G0.
Hammiltoun, Mr Patrlk Consteane, Mr William Kynde, Mr Wil- liam Skeene, Mr Archibald Hammiltomi, Mr Alexander Arbuth- net, Mr James Kirkaldie, Mr David Collesse, Mr William Scot, Mr David Wemes, Mr Thomas Buchanan, Mr David Spence, Mr Robert Kynpont, Johne Wynrame of Kirknesse, Mr Alexander Spence, Mr Joline Wood, Mr David Guild, Mr Robert Pater- sone.
Others thought apt and able by the ministers and commissioners foresaid to minister : — Johne Areskine of Dun, Johne Foulertone of Kynnaber, David Forresse, Patrik Kmninmonth, Mr James Melvill, Richard Melvill, Mr Johne Kello, Mr Robert Montgomrie, Mr Johne Hepburne, Mr Thomas Hepburne, Mr George Hep- burne, William Lambe. Mr Johne Ramsay was presented by Sir Johne Borthwicke to serve at the kirks of Aberdour and Fyvie.
RESTALRIG UNITED TO LEITH.
It was found reasonable and expedient that the parochiners of Restah'ig sould repaire to the kirk of Leith, and that the kirk of Restalrig be razed, and utterlie destroyed, as a monument of ido- latrie.
ACTS.
Manage within the secimd, thrid, and fourth degrees of affinitle and consanguinitie, and suche others as are not prohibited expres- lie by the Word, were approved as lawfull. The admissioun of ministers, elders, and deacons, is ordeaned to be made publicklie in the kii'k, and pre-mentioun to be made upon the Lord's day pre- ceding. It was ordeaned, that parteis for carnall copulatioun com- mitted betwixt the promise and solemnizatioun of mariage, sail make publick confessioun of their fault. It was ordeaned, that suche as have borne office in the Popish church sould be supported with the almesse of the ku'k, as other poore, if their conversatioun were honest.
1561. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 47
PETITIONS.
It was thought expedient, that earnest supplicatioun sould be made to the estats in parUament, Lords of Secreit Counsel!, that none be suffered to be Lords of the Sessioun, shireffs, Stewarts, baihffes, or other suche judges ordinar, but suche as were professors of tlie reformed relig-ioun.
Item, To desire the estats in parliament to tak order, with con- firmatioun of testaments, that pupills and orphans be not defrauded, and that lawes might be made therupon in their favours.
Item, To requeist the estats in parliament, and Lords of Secreit Counsell, to inflict sharpe punishement upon the persons whose names were to be presented to them, and other idolaters and main- teaners of idolatrie, in contempt of God, his true religioun, and acts of parliament, who say masse, or caus masse to be said, or are present at the same within the places which were to be named and presented to them.
This assemblie was continued to the 15th day of Januarie. It was appointed, that one commissioner sould be sent, at least, from everie kirk, for requiring suche things of the parliament as sail be thought profitable for the weale of the church.
Item, That everie one bring with him a roll of the whole tithes, lands, annuells, profites, and emoluments of the paroche kirks nixt adjacent to them, and of the names of the tacksmen, and what duetie they payed for their tacks. Everie commissioner present promised to come, or caus others to be sent from the kirks.
M.D.LXI. LORD JAMES SENT TO THE QUEENE BY THE CONVENTION.
At the conventioun holdin at Edinburgh, the 15th day of Ja- nuar, 1561, Lord James Avas appointed to goe to France, to the queene, and a parliament was appointed to beginne the 20th day of May, at which time they looked for his returne. He Avas for-
48 calderwood's iiistorie 1561.
warned of dangers which might befall him, and admonished not to consent that the queene sould have masse publicklie or privatlie within the reahne of Scotland ; for if he so did, he sould betray the cans of God, and expone religioun to the uttermost danger. He answered, he would never consent that she sould have masse publicklie, but he could not stoppe her to have masse in her cham- ber privatlie. He departed from Edinburgh the 18th of Marche, and was at the queene in Aprile. Howbeit he susteaned the charges of his convoy upon his owne expenses, yitt went there no man out of this countrie so weiU accompaneid before.
A DEPUTATION BEFORE THE CONVENTION.
At this conventioun, Mr Alexander Andersone, sub-principall of Aberdeen, a man more subtile and craftie than either learned or godlie, being called to dispute for liis faith, refused, using a place of Tertullian to cloke his ignorance. It was answered, that Ter- tullian must not prejudge the authoritie of the Holie Ghost, who, by the mouth of Peter, commandeth us to give a reasoun of our faith to everie one who requireth the same of us : and farther, that they neither requu'ed him, nor anie other man, to disput in anie point concerning their faith which is fiillie expressed in the Scrip- tures ; for all that they beleeve without controversie. But they required of him, as of all other Papists, that they would suffer their doctrine, constitutions, and ceremoneis to come to trieU ; and spe- ciallie the masse to be layed to the square rule of God's Word, and to the rioht institutioun of Jesus Christ. Mr Alexander denied that the preest tooke upon him Christ's office to offer for sinne, as was alledged. A masse booke was produced, and in the beginning of the canon were these words read, " Suscipe, Sancta Triidtas, hanc ohlationem, quam ego, indignus peccator, offero tihi vivo Deo, vero, pro peccatis meis, pro peccatis totivs ecclesice vivorum et mortuoriim^^ Sfc. " Now," said the reasouner, " if to offer for the sinnes of the whole church was not the office of Christ Jesus, yea, that office
which to him onlie might and may apperteane, lett the Scripture
1
15G1. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 49
judge : and if a vile knave, whom yee call preest, proudlie taketli the same upon him, lett your owne bookes witnesse." Mr Alexan- der answered, that none could offer the propitiatorie sacrifice but onlie Christ ; " but we," said he, " offer the remembrance." It was answered, that they praised God he denied a sacrifice propi- tiatorie in the masse ; and offered to prove, that in moe than an hundreth places, it is affirmed by their Popish doctors, that the masse is a propitiatorie sacrifice. Where he alledged that they offered Christ in remembrance, it was asked, to whome did they offer in remembrance, and by what authoritie ; for in God there did fall no oblivioun. And if they would say, they offer not as if God were forgetfuU, but as wiUing to applie Christ's merits to liis church, it was asked, what warrant and commandement had they so to doe ? for there is a commandement to tak, eate, drinke ; but to ofier Christ's bodie either for remembrance or applicatioun, there is none, and therefore they tooke upon them an office which was not givin. Mr Alexander being more than astonished, would have shifted ; but the lords willed him to answere directlie. He said, he was better scene in philosophic then in theologie. Then Mr Johne Leslie, then Parson of Une, after Abbot of Lindores, at lenth Bishop of Rosse, was commanded to answere to the former argument. He beganne to answere with great gravitie, "If our Master have nothing to say to it, I have nothing ; for I know no- thing but the cannon law. The greatest reasoun that ever I found there is, Nolumus and Volumusr Yitt this man afterward was the onlie patrone for the masse ! No wounder, for he was a preest's gette. Therefore the old proverb holdeth true, " Patrem sequitur sua prolesT The nobilitie perceaving that neither the one nor the other would answere directlie, said, " We have beene miserablie deceaved heretofore ; for, if the masse may not obteane remissioun of sinnes to the quick and the dead, wherefore were all the abba- cies doted so richelie with temporall lands ?"
VOL. II. ^
50 calderwood's historie 1561.
the booke of discipline subscribed.
At the same conventioun, the Booke of Discipline was subscribed by a great part of the nobilitie, to witt, the duke's Grace, the Erles of Arran, Ai'gile, Glencame, Marshall, Menteith, Morton, Eothesse ; Lord James, Lord Tester, Lord Lindsay, Lord Boyd, Lord Uchiltrie, the Master of MaxAveU, and the Master of Lind- say ; Barons Dumlanrig, Lochin-sar, Garleis, Barganie, and Mr Alexander Gordoun, Bishop of Galloway, Alexander Campbell, Deane of Murrey, with a great number moe, in the Tolbuith of Edinburgh, the 27th day of Januarie, in the yeere of our Lord 1561, according to the new accompt fi-ome Januarie, Their appro- batioun is signifeid in these words following : —
" We, which have subscrived these presents, having advised with the articles heerin specifeid, and as is above mentiouned frome the beginning of this booke, thinke the same good, and conforme to God's Word in aU points, conforme to the notes and additiouns thereto eeked, and promitt to sett the same fordward to the utter- most of our powers, providing that the bishops, abbots, pryors, and other prelats and beneficed men, which elles have joyned them- selves to us, brooke the revenues of their benefices dm'ing their lyftyme, they susteaning and upholding the ministrie and ministers, as is heerin specifeid, for preaching of the Word, and ministring of the Sacraments."
The preachers afterward exhorted the professors to establishe the Booke of Discipline by act and publick law, aflfirming, that if they suffered things to hang in suspense when God had givin to them suflEicient power, they sould after sob for it, but sould not gett it. We have thought expedient to insert tlie booke in this part of our Historic, that the posteriteis to come may judge what world- lings refused, and what was the godlie policie the ministers re- quired ; with this advertisement, that the penners wished the pos- teritie, if God granted them occasion and libertie, to establishe a more perfyte discipline, which was done twentie yeeres after, when some speciall points of this booke, speciallie about suj^rintendents
15(31. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 51
and readers, were altered and amended, as avc sail sec in the Se- cund Booke of Discipline. The maner of electioun and admissioun of ministers, elders, and deacons, and of superintendents for the time, the order of discipline, and censuring of offenders, the maner of ministratioun of the sacraments, visitation of the sicke, order of burial!, and how free they were of corruptioun and superstitioun, may be gathered not onlie of the First Booke of Discipline, but also out of the Liturgie, or maner of ministratioun of the sacra- ments, and forme of divine service, which is sett doun before tlie Psalmes.
THE PEEFACE TO THE FIRST BOOKE OF DISCIPLINE.
TO THE GREAT COUNCELL OP SCOTLAND, ETC.
THE FIRST "HEAD : OF DOCTRINE.
" Seing that Christ Jesus is he ivhome God the Father" (tc.
OF THE MINISTERS.
Their Electioun and Admissioun. What things are cheefelie required in the Ministers.
Lett the church first diligentlie consider, that the minister which is to be chosin be not found culpable of anie suche faults which Sanct Paul reprehendeth in a man of that vocatioun ; but, con- trariwise, indewed with suche vertues, that he may be able to undertake his charge, and diligentlie execute the same. Secundlie, that he distribute faithfidlie the Word of God, and minister the Sacraments ; ever carefull, not onlie to teache his flocke publicklie, but also privatlie to admonishe them, remembring alwayes, that if anie thing perishe through his default, the Lord Avill require it at his hands. ^
' Acts i. 13, 14 ; 1 Tim. iii. 2 ; 2 Tim. ii. 4 ; Ezech. xxxiii. ; Jerem. iii. ;
52 calderwood's historie 1561.
Of their Office and Duetie.
Becaus the charge of the Word of God is of greater import- ance than that anie man is able to dispense therewith, and Sanct Paul exhorteth to esteeme them as ministers of Christ and dispo- sers of God's mystereis, not lords or rulers, as Sanct Peter sayeth, over the flocke ; therefore, the pastor or minister's cheefe office standeth in preaching the Word of God, and ministring the Sacra- ments ; so that in consolatiouns, judgements, electiouns, and other politicall affaires, his counsell, rather than authoritie, taketh place. And if so be the congregatioun upon just cans agree to excom- municate, then it belongeth to the minister, according to their ge- neral! determinatioun, to pronounce the sentence, to the end that all things may be done orderlie, and without confusioun.'
The maner of electing the Pastors or Ministers.
The ministers and elders, at suche times as there Avanteth a minister, assemble the whole congregatioun, exhorting them to ad- vise and consider who may best serve in that roome and office ; and if there be choise, the church appoint two or three upoun some certane day, to be examined by the ministers and elders :^
First, as tviiching their doctrine, whether he that sould be minister have good and sound knowledge in the Holie Scriptures, and fitt and apt gifts to communicate the same to the edificatioun of the people : for the tryell wherof, they propose him a theame or text, to be treated privatlie, whereby liis abilitie may the more manifestlie appeare unto them/^
Secundlie, they inquire of his life and conversatioun ; if he have in times past lived without slaunder, and governed himself in suche sort, as the Word of God hath not heard evill, or beene slaundered through his occasioun ; which being severallie done, they signifie
Johne xxi. ; Esai Ixii. ; 2 Cor. ix. ; 2 Tim. ii. ; 1 Cor, iv.; Matt. xxv. ; 2 Cor. i.; Acts XX. ; Tim. \v- ; Ezech. iii.
' 2 Cor. ix. ; 1 Cor. ix,; Acts vi.; Luc. xii.; 1 Cor. iv. ; 2 Cor. iv.; 1 Peter v. 2; Col. i. ; Matt, xx.; Matt.xxvi. ; Mai. ii. ; I Pet. iv.; Acts iii. 16; I Cor. i. 15; Acts XX. ; 2 Cor. iv. ; 1 Cor. v. ; 1 Cor. xiv.
2 Acts xi. 1 ; Tit. i. 3 xit. i. 9; Tit. ii.
15G1. OF THE KIKK OF SCOTLx^ND. 53
unto the congregatloim, whose gifts they found most meetc and profitable for that ministrie : appointing also by a generall consent eight dayes at the least, that everie man may diligentlie inquire of his life and maners.^
At the which time the minister exhorteth them to humble them- selves to God by fasting and prayer, that both their electioun may be agreeable to his will, and also profitable to the church.^
And if in the meane seasoun anie thing be brought against him, wherby he may be found unworthie by lawfull probatiouns, then is he dismissed, and some other presented. If nothing be al- ledged, upoun some certane day one of the ministers at the morn- ing sermoun presenteth him againe to the church, fi-aming his ser- moun, or some part thereof, to the setting furth of his duetie.
Then, at after noone, the sermoun ended, the minister exhort- eth them to the electioun, with the invocatioun of God's name, directing his prayer as God sail move his heart. In like maner, after the electioun, the minister giveth thanks to God, with re- queist of suche things as sail be necessarie for his office. After that he is appointed minister, the people sing a psalme, and depart.^
Of the Elders, and as tuiching their Office and Election.
The elders must be men of good life and godlie conversatioun ; without blame and all suspicioun ; carefull for the flocke, Avise, and above all things fearing God. Whose office standeth in governing with the rest of the ministers ; in consulting, admonishing, correct- ing, and ordering all things appertaining to the state of the con- gregatioun. And they differ frome the minister, in that they preache not the Word, nor minister the Sacraments. In assem- bling the people, neither they without the ministers, nor the mini- sters without them, may attempt anie thing. And if anie of the just number want, the minister, by the consent of the rest, warneth the people therof, and finallle admonisheth them to observe the
' Rom. ii. ; James i. ; 1 Sara. ii. ; 1 Tim. v. ^ Acts xiii. 14 ; Luc iii.
3 2 Cor. X. ; Col. iii. ; Mat. ix. ; 1 Tlies. v. ; Col. jv. ; Ephcs. v. ; Phil. I,
54 calderwood's historie 1561.
same order which Avas used in choosing the ministers, as farre furth as their vocatioun requireth.'
Of the Deacons J and their Office and Election.
The deacons must be men of good estimatioun and report, descreit, of good conscience, charitable, wise ; and, finallie, endued with suche vertues as Sanct Paul requireth in them. Their office is to gather the almes diligentlie, and faithfuUie to distribute it, with the consent of the ministers and elders : also to provide for the sicke and impotent persouns ; having ever a diligent care, that the charitie of godlie men be not wasted upoun loiterers and idle vagabounds. Theu- electioun is, as hath beene afore rehearsed, in the ministers and elders.
We are not ignorant, that the Scriptures make mentioun of a fourth kinde of ministers left to the Church of Christ, which also are verie profitable, where time and place doe permitt.
These ministers are called teachers, or doctors, whose office is to instruct and teache the faithfull in sound doctrine ; providing with all diligence, that the puritie of the Gospell be not corrupt, either through ignorance or evill opiniouns. Notwithstanding, considering the present estate of things, we comprehended under this title suche meanes as God hath in his church that it sould not be left desolate, nor yitt his doctrine decay for default of ministers therof.
Therefore, to terme it by a word more usuall in these our dayes, we may call it the order of schooles, wherin the liighest degree, and most annexed to the ministrie and governement of the church, is the expos itioun of God's Word contained in the Old and New Testament.
But becaus men cannot so weill profite in that knowledge ex- cept they be first instructed in the tongues, and humane sciences, (for now God worketh not commounlie by miracles,) it is neces- sarie that seede be sowen for the time to come, to the intent the ' Num. xi. : Acts xiv.
loGl. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 55
church be not left barren and waste to our posteritie ; and that schooles also be erected, and colledges maintained Avith just and sufficient stipends, wherin the youth may be trsuned up in the knowledge and feare of God, that in their ripe age they may prove worthie members of our Lord Jesus Christ, whether it be to rule in civill policie, or serve in the spirituall ministrie, or elles to live in godHe reverence and subjectioun.
The Weeklie Assemhlie of the Ministers, Elders, and Deacons.
To the intent that the ministrie of God's Word may be had in reverence, and not brought to contempt through the evill conver- satioun of such as are called therunto ; and also, that faults and vices may not by long sufferance grow at lenth to extreame incon- veniences, it is ordained, that everie Thursday the ministers and elders, in their assemblie or consistorie, diligentUe examine all suche faults and suspiciouns as may be espied, not onlie among others, but chcefiie among themselves ; least they seeme to be cvdpable of that Avhich our Saviom* Christ reproved in the Pharisees, who could espie a mote in another man's eye, and could not see a beame in their owne.
And becaus the eye ought to be more cleare than the rest of the bodie, the minister may not be spotted with anie vice bot to the great slaunder of God's Word, whose message he beareth. Therefore it is to be understand, that there be certane faults, which, if they be deprehended in a minister, he ought to be deposed ; as heresie, papistrie, schisme, blasphemie, perjurie, fornicatioun, thift, drunkennesse, usurie, fighting, unlawfull games, with suche like. Others are more tolerable, if so be that after brotherlie admoni- tiouns he amend his faidt ; as strange and unprofitable ftishioun in preaching the Scriptures, curiositie in seeking vaine questiouns, negligence as weill in his sermons and studeing the Scriptures, as in all other things concerning his vocatioun, sciu'rilitic, flattering, liehig, backbiting, wantoun words, deccate, covetousnes, taunting, dissolutioun in apparrell, gesture, and other his doings ; wliich A'iecs, as they be odious in all men, so in him that ought to be as
56 calderwood's historie 1561.
an exemple to others of perfectioun, in no Avise are to be suifered, especiallie if so be, that according to God's rule, being brotherlie advertised, he acknowledge not his fault and amende.
Interpretation of the Scriptures.
Everie weeke once, the congregatioun assemble, to heare some place of the Scriptures orderhe expounded. At the which time, it is lawfull for everie man to speeke or inquu-e, as God sail move his heart, and the text minister occasioun, so that it be without per- tinacie or disdaine, as one that rather seeketh to profite than con- tend. And if so be, anie contentioun arise, then suche as are ap- pointed moderators, either satisfie the partie, or elles, if he seeme to cavill, exhort him to keepe silence, referring the judgement ther- of to the ministers and elders, to be determined in their assemblie before-m entioned .
THE FORME AND ORDER OF THE ELECTION OF THE SUPERINTEND- ENT, WHICH ]MAY SERVE IN ELECTION OF ALL OTHER MINI- STERS. AT EDINBURGH, THE 9tH OF MARCHE, ANNO 1560. JOHNE KNOX BEING MINISTER.
First was made a sermoun, in the which these heads were in- treated : First, the necessitie of ministers and superintendents : Secund, the crimes and vices that might unable them of the mini- strie : Tlu'id, the vertues requu'ed in them : Fourth and Last, whether suche as, by publick consent of the church, were called to suche office, might refuse the same.
The sennoun finished, it was declared by the same minister, maker therof, that the Lords of Secreit Counsell had given charge and power to the churches of Lothiane to choose Mr Johne Spottiswod superintendent ; and that sufficient warning was made by pubhck edict to the churches of Edinburgh, Linlithquo, Stir- line, Tranent, Hadintoun, and Dumbar, as also to erles, lords, ba- rouns, gentlemen, and others, that have, or might claim to have, voice in electioun, to be present that day, at the same houre. And
1561. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND, 57
therefore inquisitioun Avas made who were present, and who were absent. After was called the said Mr Johne, who answering, the minister demaunded if anie man knew anie crime or offense to the said Mr Johne, that might unable him to be called to that office ; and that he demanded thrise. Secundarilie, questioun was moved to the whole multitude, if there was anie other whome they wold putt in electioun with the said Mr Johne. The people were asked if they wold have the said Mr Johne superintendent ? If they wold honour and obey him as Christ's minister, and comfort and assist him in every thing pertaining to his charge ? They an- swered, " We will ; and we doe promise unto him suche obedience as becometh the sheepe to give to their pastor, so long as he re- maineth faithfiill in his office."
The answeres of the people, and their consent receaved, these questions were proponed to him that was to be elected.
Question. " Seing that yee hear the trust and desire of this peo- ple, doe yee not thinke your self bound in conscience before God to support them that so earnestlie call for your comfort, and the fruict of your labours ?"
Anstcere. "If anie thing were In me able to satisfie their desire, I acknowledge myself bound to obey God, calling by them."
Question. "Doe yee seeke to be promoted to this office and charge for anie respect of worldlie commoditie, richesse, or glorie ?"
Ansioere. " God knoweth the contrarie."
Question. " Beleeve yee not, that the doctrine of the prophets and apostles, contained in the bookes of the New and Old Testa- ment, is the onlie true and most absolute foundatioun of the univer- sall church of Christ Jesus, in so muche, that in the same Scrip- ture are contained all things necessarie to be beleeved for the sal- vatioun of mankinde ?"
Answer e. " I verilie beleeve the same ; and doe abhorrc and ut- terlie refuse all doctrine alledged necessarie to salvatioun, that is not expressedlie contained in the same."
Question. " Is not Christ Jesus, man of man according to the
58 calderwood's historie 1561.
fleshe, to witt, the sonne of David, the seede of Abraham, coii- ceaved of the Hohe Ghost, borne of the Vh'glne Marie his mother, the onlie Head and Mediator of his church ?"
Ansivere. " He is, and without him there is neither salvation to man, nor life to angell."
Question. " Is not the same Lord Jesus the onlie true God, the etemall Sonne of the etemall Father, in Avhome all that sail be saved were elected before the foundatioun of the world was layed ?"
Answere. " I acknowledge and confesse Him in the unitie of his Godhead to be God above all things, blessed for ever."
Question. " Sail not they whome God, in his eternall counsell, hath elected, be called to the knowledge of his Sonne, our Lord Jesus ; and sail not they who of purpose are called, in this life, be justifeid ; and where justificatioun and free remissioun of sinnes is obtained in this life by free grace, sail not the glorie of the Sonne of God foUoAV in the generall resm-rectioun, when the Sonne of God sail appeare in his glorious majestic ?"
Answere. " This I acknowledge to be the doctrine of the apostles, and the most singular comfort of God's childrein."
Questio7i. " Will yee not then containe your self in all doctrine within the bounds of this foundatioun ? Will yee not studie to promove the same, as weill by your life as by your doctrine ? Will yee not, according to the graces and utterance that God sail graunt unto you, professe, instruct, and maintaine the puritie of the doc- trine contained in the sacred Word of God ; and to the uttermost of yom' power will yee not gainstand, and convince the gainsayers, and the teachers of men's inventiouns ?"
Ansicere. " That doe I promise in the presence of God, and of his congregation, heir assembled."
Question. " KnoAV yee not that the exceUencie of this office unto the wliich God hath called you, rcquireth that your conversatioun and beliaviour be suche, as that yee may be irreprehensiblc, yea, even in the eyes of the ungodlie ?"
1561. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTL^ySfD. 59
Ansioere. " I untainedlie acknowledge, and huniblie desire the church of God to pray with me, that my life be not slaunderous to the glorious Evangell of Christ Jesus."
Question. " Becaus yec are a man compassed with infirmiteis, will yee not charitablie, and Avith lownesse of spirit, receive admo- nitioun of your brethrein ? x4.nd if yee sail happen to slide, or offend in anie point, will yee not be subject to the discipline of the church, as the rest of your brethrein ?"
Ansivere. " I acknowledge my self a man subject to infirmitie, and one that hath need of correctioun and admonitioun, and, therefore, I most willinglie subject my self to the wholsome disci- pline of the chm'ch, yea, to the discipline of the same church by the which I am now called to this office and charge ; and heere, in God's presence and yours, do promise obedience to all admonitiouns secreetlie or publicklie given : unto the which if I be found inobe- dient, I confesse myself most Avorthie to be ejected, not onlie fromc this honour, but also from the societie of the faithfull, in case of my stubburnesse. For the vocatioun of God to beare charge within his church maketli not men tyrants nor lords, but appoint- eth them servants, watchemeu, and pastors to the flocke."
This ended, question must be asked agaiue of the multitude :
Question. " Require ye anie farther of this your superintend- ent ?"
Ansicet-e. " If no man answere, lett the minister proceid :
" Will yee not acknowledge this your brother for the minister of Christ Jesus ? "Will yee not reverence the Word of God that pro- ceedeth frome his mouth ? Will yee not receave of him the scr- moun of exhortatioun with patience, not refiising the wholsome me- dicine of your soules, although it be bitter and unpleasaunt to the fleshe ? Will yee not finallie mainteane and comfort him in his mi- nistrie against all suche as wickedlie wold rebell against God, and his holie ordinances ?"
Answere. " We will, as we will ansAvere to the Lord Jesus, Avho hath commauuded his ministers to be had in reverence, as his am-
60 calderwood's historie 1561.
bassaders, and as men that carefullie watche for the salvatioun of our soules."
Lett the Nohilitie be urged with this.
" Yee have heard the duetie and professioun of this our brother, by your consents appointed to this charge ; as also, the duetie and obedience which God requireth of us towards him heir in this mi- nistrie. But becaus that neither of both are able to performe anie thing without the speciall grace of our God in Christ Jesus, who hath promised to be present with us even to the consummatioun of the Avorld, with unfained hearts lett us crave of him his benedictioun and assistance in this worke begunne to his glorie, and for the com- fort of his chm'ch."
" O Lord, to whome aU power is given in heaven and earth ; thou that art the eternall Sonne of the etemall Father ; who hath not onlie so loved thy chm'ch, that for the redemptioun and purgatioun of the same, thou hath humbled thyselfe to the death of the crosse, and therupoun hath shedde thy most innocent blood to prepare to thy self a spouse without spott ; bot also to retains this thy most excellent benefite in recent memorie, hath appointed in thy church teachers, pastors, and apostles, to instnict, comfort, and admonishe the same : looke upon us mercifullie, O Lord, thou that art onlie King, Teacher, and Hie Freest to thy owne flocke ; and send unto this our brother, whome, in thy name, we have charged with the cheefe care of thy church, within the bounds of L., suche portioun of thy Holie Spirit, as thereby he may rightlie divide thy Word, to the instructioun of thy flocke, and to the confutatloun of perni- cious errors, and damnable superstitions. Give unto him, good Lord, a mouth and wisdome, whereby the enemeis of thy truthe may be confounded, the woolves expelled and driven frome thy fold, thy sheepe may be fed in the wholesome pastures of thy most holie Word, the blind and ignorauut may be illuminated with true know- ledge : finallie, that the dregges of superstitioun and idolatrie which now restetli within this realme being purged and removed, we may
1501. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND, 61
all not onlie have occasioun to glorifie thee our Lord and Saviour, bot also daylie to grow in godlinesse and obedience of thy most holie will, to the destructioun of the bodie of sinne, and to the re- stitutioun of that image to the which we were once created, and to the which, after our fall and defectioun, we are renewed by parti- cipatioun of thy Holie Spirit, which by true faith in the ***** of whome the perpetuall increasse of thy graces we crave, as by thee our Lord, King, and onlie Bishop, we are taught to pray, Our Fa- ther," &c.
The prayer ended, the rest of the ministers, if anie be, and el- ders of that church present, in signe of their consent, sail take the elected by the hand. The cheefe minister sail give the benedic- tioun as folio weth : —
" God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath commaund- ed his Gospell to be preached to the comfort of his elect, and hath called thee to the office of a watcheman over his people, multiplie his graces with thee ; illuminate thee with his Holie Spirit ; com- fort and strenthen thee in all vertue ; governe and guide thy raini- strie to the praise of his holie name, to the propagatioun of Christ's kingdome, to the comfort of his church ; and, finallie, to the plaine discharge and assurance of thy OAvne conscience in the day of the Lord Jesus ; to whome, with the Father, and with the Holie Ghost, be all honour, praise, and glorie, now and ever. So be it."
The last Exhortation to the Elected.
" Take heede to thyself, and unto the flocke committed to tliy charge : feede the same carefullie, not as it were by compulsioun, but of verie love which thou beareth to the Lord Jesus : walke in simplicitie and purenesse of life, as it becometh the true servaunt, and the ambassader of the Lord Jesus. Usurpe not dominioun, nor tyrannicall authoritie over thy brethrein. Be not discuraged in adversitie, but lay before thy self the exemples of the prophets, apostles, and of the Lord Jesus, who in their ministrie sustained contradictioun, contempt, persecutioun, and death. Fearc not to ' A blank in the MS.
^y2 calderwood's historie 1561.
rebooke the world of sinne, justice, and judgement. If anie thing succeede prosperouslie in thy vocatioun, be not puft up Avith pride, neither yitt flatter thy self as that the good successe proceeded frome thy vertue, industrie, or care. But lett ever that sentence of the apostle reniaine in thy heart, ' What hath thou which thou hath not receaved ? If thou have receaved, why glorieth thou ?' Comfort the afflicted, support the poore, and exhort others to sup- port them. Be not sohcite for things of this life, but be fervent in prayer to God for the increasse of his Holie Spirit. And, final- lie, behave thyself in this holie vocatioun with suche sobrietie, as God may be glorifeid in thy ministrie, and so sail thou shortlie ob- taine the victorie, and saU receave the croMTie promised, when the Lord Jesus sail appear in his glorie ; whose omnipotent Spirit as- sist thee and us, to the end." Sino^ the twentie-thrid Psalme.
THE ORDER OF THE ECCLESIASTICALL DISCIPLIXE.
The Necessitie of Discipline.
As no citie, toun, house, or familie, can maintaine their estate, and prosper, without policie and governance, even so the church of God, which requireth more purelie to be governed than anie citie or familie, cannot, without spirituall policie and ecclesiasticall dis- cipline, continue, increase, and floorishe.
What Discipline is.
And as the Word of God is the life and soule of this church, so this godlie order and discipline is, as it were, sinews in the bodie, which knitt and joyne the members together with decent order and comelinesse, Ephes. v.. It is a bridle to stay the wicked frome their mischeefes ; it is a spurre to pricke fordward such as be slow and negligent ; yea, and for all men it is the Father's rodde ever in readinesse to chastise gentlie the faults committed, and to cans them afterward to live in more sfodlie feare and reverence. Final-
15(U. OF THE KIKK OF SCOTLAND. 63
lie, it is an order left by God unto his church, whereby men learne to frame their wills and doings according to the law of God, by instructing and admonishing one another, yea, and by correcting and punishing all obstinate rebells, and contemners of the same.
For ichat Cause it ought to be used.
There are three causes cheeflie Avhich move the church of God to the executing of discipline. First, That men of evill conversatioun be not numbred among God's childi'cin, to their Father's reproache, as if the church of God were a sanctuarie for naughtie and vile per- souns. The secund respect is, That the good be not infected with accompaneing the evill ; which thing Sanct Paul foresaw, when he commanded the Corinthians to banishe frome among them the in- cestuous adulterer, saying, " A little leaven maketh soAvre the whole lumpe of dowe," 1 Cor. v. ; Galat. v. The thrid cans is. That a man thus corrected or excommunicate might be ashamed of his fault, and so through repentance come to amendement : the Avhich thing the apostle calleth delivering to Satan, that his soule may be saved in the day of the Lord, (1 Thes. ix. ; 1 Cor. v. ;) meaning that he might be punished with excommunicatioun, to the intent his soule sould not perishe for ever.
The Order of Procdding in Privat Discipline.
First, therefore, it is to be noted, that this censure, correctioun, or discipline, is either private or publick : private, as if a man coni- mitt either in maners or doctrine anie fault against thee, to admo- nishe him brotherlic, betweene him and thee. If so be he stub- bornlie resist thy charitable advertisements, or elles, by continu- ance in his fault, declareth that he amendeth not, then, after he hath beene the secund time warned in presence of two or three witnesses, and continueth obstinatlie in his errour, he ought, as our Saviour Christ commandeth, to be disclosed and uttered to the church, so that, according to publick discipline, he either may be receaved through repentance, or elles be punished as his fault re-
64 calderwood's historie 15(U.
quireth, Matt, xviii. ; Luc. xvii. ; James v. ; Levit. ix. ; 2 Thes. viii.
What things are to be observed in Private Discipline.
And heere, as tulching private discipline, three things are to be noted : First, That our adraonitiouns proceede of a godhe zeale and conscience ; rather seeking to winne our brother than to slaun- der him. Nixt, That we be assured that his fault be reproveable by God's Word. And, finallie, That we use suche modestie and wisdome, that if we somewhat doubt of the mater whereof we ad- monishe him, yitt, with godlie exhortatiouns, he may be brought to the knowledge of his fault ; or if the fault appertaine to manie, or be knowne of diverse, that our admonitioim be done in presence of some of them. Breeflie, If it conceme the whole church, in suche sort, that the concealing therof might procure some daunger to the same, that then it be uttered to the ministers and seniors, to whome the policie of the church doth appertaine.
Of Publick Discipline, and of the end thereof
Also, in publick discipline, it is to be observed, that the minister pretermitt nothing at anie time unchastised with one kinde of pun- ishement or other, if they perceave anie thing in the congregatioun either evUl in example, slaunderous in maners, or not beseem- ing their professioim : as if there be anie covetous persoun ; anie adulterer, fornicator, forsworne, theefe, briber, false witnesse-bearer, blasphemer, drunkard, slaunderer, usurer ; anie persoim disobedient, seditious, or dissolute ; anie heresie or sect, as Papisticall, Anabap- tisticall, and suche Uke : breeflie, whatsoever it be that might spott the Christian congregatioun ; yea, rather, whatsoever is not to edi- ficatioun, ought not to escape their admonitioun or punishment, Ephes. vii.
Excommunication is the last Remedie. And becaus it cometh to passe, sometime in the church, that
4
loGl. OF TIIK KIKK OF SCOTLAND. 05
when other reniedeis assayed [n-ofite nothing, they must proceeile to the apostolicall rod and correctioun, as unto excommunicatioun, (which is the greatest and last punishment belonging to the spirit- uall ministrie,) it is ordained, that nothing be attempted in tliat behalfe without the determinatioun of the Avhole church.
Rigour in Punishment ought to he avoided.
Wherin also they must beware, and take good heed, that they seeme not more readie to expell frome the congregatioun, than to receave againe those in whome they perceave worthie fruicts of repentance to appeare ; neither yit to forbid him the hearing of ser- mouns, which is excluded frome the sacraments and other dueteis of the church, that he may have libertie and occasioun to repent.
God''s Word is the onlie Rule of Discipline.
Finallie, That all punishments, correctiouns, censures, and ad- monitiouns, stretche no further than God's Word, with mercie, may lawfullie beare.
Matt, xviil. — " If anie refuse to heave the congregation, left hiw. he to thee as a heathen^ and as a publican. ^^
THE ORDER OF EXCOMMUNICATIOUN AND PUBLICK REPENTANCE USED IN THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, AND COMMANDED TO BE PRINTED BY THE GENERALL ASSEMBLIE OF THE SAME, IN THE MONETH OF JUNE, 1571.
To the Reader. Albeit that in the Booke of Discipline, the causes, as weill of publick repentance as of excommunication, are sufficientlle ex- pressed, yit, becaus the forme and order are not sett furth, that everie church and minister may have assurance that they agree with others in proceeding, it is thought expedient to drawe that order which, universallie within this realme, sail be observed. VOL. ir. E
QQ calderwood's historie loGl.
The Crimes of Excommunication.
And, first, We must understand what crimes be worthie of ex- communication, and what of pubhck repentance.
In the first, it is to be noted, That all crimes that by the law of God deserve death, deserve also excommunicatioun frome the societie of Clii'ist his Church, whether the offender be Papist or Protestant : for it is no reasoun that, under pretence of diversitie of religioun, open impietie sould be suffered in the visible bodie of Christ Jesus. And, therefore, wilfull murtherers, adulterers, (law- fullie convict,) sorcerers, watches, conjurers, charmers, and givers of drinkes to destroy childrein, and open blasphemers, (as if anie rcnunce God, denie the truthe and the authoritie of his holie Word, railing against his blessed sacraments ;) suche, we say, ought to be excommunicate frome the societie of Christ's Church, that their impietie may be the more deepelie Avounded, perceaving themselves abhon'ed of the godlie. Against suche open malefactors the pro- cesse may be summouned. For the crime being knowne, adver- tisement ought to be given to the superintendent of the diocesse, either by the minister, or by suche as can best give informatioun of that fact ; except in reformed touns and other places, where the ministrie is planted with ministers and elders, according to the act of the Generall Assemblie, made the 26th of December, 1568. And if there be no superintendent where the crime is committed, then ought the informatioim to passe frome suche as are offended to the nixt superintendent, who, with expeditioun, ought to direct his letters of summouns to the parish church where the offender hath his residence, if the ministrie be there planted. And if it be not, or if the offender have no certane dwelling place, then ought the summouns to be direct to the cheefe toun, and best reformed chm'ch in that diocesse where the crime was committed, appointing to the offender a certane day, time, and place, where and when he sail appeare before the superintendent and his assessors, to heare that crime tryed, as tuiching the truthe of it, and to answere him- self why the sentence of excommunicatioun sould not be pronounced
l'")*!!- OF THE KIRK OIT SCOTLAND. 07
publicklie against him. If the oftcndcr, lawfullic warned, appearc not, incpiisitioun being taken of the crime, charge may be given by the superintendent to tlie ministers, so manie as sail be thought needful for publicatioun of that sentence, to pronunce the same the nixt Sunday, the forme wherof sail after be declared. But and if the offender appeare, and alledge for himself anic reasonable de- fense, to witt, that he will not be fugitive frome the law, bot will abide the censure for that offense, then may the sentence of excom- mimicatioun be suspended, till that the magistrat be required to trie that cause ; wherin, if the magistrats be negligent, then ought the church frome secreit inquisitioun proceed to publick admonitioun, that the magistrats may be vigilant in that cause of blood, which crieth vengeance upoun the Avhole land Avhere it is shed without punishment. If no remedie by them can be found, then justlie may the church pronunce the offender excommunicate, as one sus- pect, besides his crime, to have corrupt the judges, revengers of tin; blood. And so ought the church to proceed to excommunicatioun, whether the offender be fugitive frome the law, or whether he pro- cure pardoun, or illude the severitie of justice by meanes whatso- ever, besides the triell of his innocencie.
If the offender abide an assise, and by the same be absolved, then may not the church pronunce excommunicatioun ; but justlie may exhort the man by whose hand the blood Avas shed to enter in consideratioun Avitli himself, hoAV pretious is the life of man before God, and how severelie God commaunded blood (howsoever it be shed, except it be by the sword of the magistrate) to be pun- ished : and so may enjoyne unto him suche satisfactiouns to be made publicklie to the church, as may beare testificatioun of his obedience and imfained repentance. If the offender be convict, and executioun follow according to the crime, then, upoun the humble sute of him that is to suffer, may the elders and ministers of the church not onlie give unto him consolatioun, but also pro- nunce the sentence of absolutioun, and his sinne to be remitted, according to his repentance and faith. And this nuiche for exconi- nnmicatioun of publick offenders. And yit further, wo must con-
68 CALDERWOOD's HISTORIE 15G1.
sider, that if the offender be fugitive frome the law, so that pmiishe- ment cannot be executed against him, in that case the chui'ch ought to delay no time ; hot upoun the notice of his crime, and that he is fled frome the presence of the judge, it ought to pronunce him excommunicated publicklie, and so continuallie to repute him, un- till suche time as the magistrate be satisfeid. And so, whether the offender be convict in judgement, or be fugitive frome the law, the church ought to proceede to the sentence of excommunicatioun, the forme wherof followeth : —
THE rOHME.
The Minister, in publick audience of the People, sail say : —
" It is cleerehe knowne to us that N., sometime baptized in the name of the Father, of the Sonne, and of the Holie Ghost, and so reputed and counted for a Christian, hath fearefullie fallen frome the societie of Christ's bodie, by committing cruell and wilfull mur- ther, (or by committing filthie adulterie, &c.) which crime, by the law of God, deserveth death. And becaus the civill sword is in the hand of God's magistrats, who, notAvithstanding, oft winke at suche crimes, we, having place in the ministrie, with greefe and dolour of our hearts, are compelled to draw the sword graunted by God to his church ; that is, to excommunicate frome the societie of Christ Jesus, frome his bodie, the church, frome participatioun of sacraments and prayers with the same, the said N.
" And, therefore, in the name and authoritie of the etemaU God, and of his Sonne Jesus Christ, we pronunce the said N. excommu- nicate and accursed in that his wicked fact ; and charge all that favour the Lord Jesus so to repute and hold him, (or her,) until suche time as that either the magistrat have punished the of- fender as God's law commaunds, or that the same offender be re- conciled to the church againe, by publick repentance. And, in the mean time, we eamestlie desire all faithful! to call upoun God to move the hearts of the upper powers so to punishe suche
1561. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTL.\JsD. 69
horrible crimes, that malefactors may feare to offend, even for feare of punishment ; and also so to tuiche the heart of the offender, that he may deepelie consider how fearefull it is to fall in the hands of the eternall God, that by imfained repentance he may apprehend mercie in Jesus Christ, and so avoide etei*nall condem- natioun."
The sentence of excommunicatioun once pionunced, the church may not suddanlie admit the murtherer, or convict adulterer, to repentance and societie of the faithfull, albeit that pardoun be purchased of the magistrat. But first ought inquisitioun be taken, if the murtherer have satisfeid the partie offended, that is, the kinne and freinds of the man slaine : which, if he have not done, neither is understand willing so to doe, the church in no wise may heare him. But and if he be willing to satisfie, and the freinds exceede measure, and the possibilitie of him that hath committed the crime, then ought the church to putt moderatioun to the um-easonable, in case the civill magistrate hath not so done before, and so proceid with him that offereth repentance, that the wilfulnesse of the indis- creete be not hinderance to the reconciliatioun of him that earnest- lie craved the benefite and societie of the church.
And yit may not the chm^ch receave anie excommunicate at lais first requeist ; bot in suche greevous crimes as before are expressed, (of others sail be after spoken,) fourtie dayes at the least after his first offer may be appointed, to trie whether the signes of re- pentance appeare in the offender or not. And yit, in the meane time, the church may comfort him by wholsome admonitiouns, as- suring him of God's mercie, if he be veriHe penitent : lie may also be admitted to the hearing of the Word, but in no wise to par- ticipatioun of prayers, neither before nor after sermoun. The first fourtie dayes expired, upoun liis new sute, the superintendent or sessioun may enjoyne suche paines as may trie whether he be peni- tent or not : the least are, the murtherer must stand three se- verall Sundaycs in a publick place before the church doore, bare- footed and bare-headed, clothed in base and abject apparell, liaving the same weapouu which he used in the murther, or the like,
70 CALDEiaVOOD's IIISTOIME 1561.
})loodie, in his hands, and in conceaved words sail say to suche as sail enter into the chui'ch : —
The Confession of the Penitent.
" So farre hath Satan gotten victorie over me, that cruellie I have shed innocent blood, for the which I have deserved death corporall and eternaU ; and so I graunt my self unworthie of the coramoun light, or yit of the companie of men. And yit, becaus in God there is mercie that passeth all measure, and becaus the magistrat hath not taken frome me this wretched life, I most ear- nestHe desire to be reconciled againe with the church of Christ Je- sus, frome the societie whereof mine iniquitie hath caused me to be excommunicated. And, therefore, in the bowells of Christ Je- sus, I crave of you to pray with me unto God, that my greevous crime may be of him remitted ; and also that ye wiU be suppliants Avith me to the church, that I abide not thus excommunicate unto the end."
At the last of the three Sundayes, certane of the elders sail re- ceave him into the church, and present him before the preaching place, and sail declare unto that minister, that all that was enjoyned to that oiFender Avas obedientlie fulfilled by him. Then sail the minister recite unto him, as weiU the grecA^ousnesse of his sinne as the merceis of God, if he be penitent ; and therafter sail requu-e of the church, if that they desire anie fiu'ther satisfactioun. And if no ansAvere be given, then sail the minister pronuuce his sinne to be remitted according to his repentance ; and sail exhort the church to embrace him as a brother, after that prayer and thanksgiving be givin to God, as after sail be described. And thus far to be ob- served for the order in receaving of them Avho have committed ca- pitall crimes, be it murther, adulterie, incest, Avitchcraft, or others before expressed.
Resteth yitt another kinde of offenders who deserve excommuni- catioun, albeit not so summarilie ; to Avitt, suche as have beene par- takers Avith us in doctrine and sacraments, and have returned backc againe to Papistrie, or have given their presence to anie part of
1561. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 71
their aboiniiuitioun ; or yitt, that of anie long continuance with- draw themselves frome the societie of Christ's bodic, and frome the participatioun of the sacraments, when they are publicldie mini- stred. Suche, no doubt, declare themselves Avorthie of excommu- nicatioun. But first, they must be called, cither before the superin- tendent with some joyned with him, or dies before the elders and sessioun of the best and nixt reformed church where the offenders have their residence, who must accuse their defectioun, exhort them to repentance, and declare them the danger wherin they stand. Whome, if the offender heareth, the sessioun or superintendent may appoint him a day to satisfie the church publicklie, whome by his defectioun he had offended. But if he continue stubburne, then may the sessioun or superintendent commaund the minister or mi- nisters to declare, the nixt Sunday, the defectioun of suche a per- soun, and his obstinate contempt. And this advertisement given two Sundaycs, the thrid may the sentence of excommunication be pronounced.
Offenses that deserve Puhlick Repentance^ and order to j>roceede
therein.
Such offenses as fall not under the civill sword, and yit are slaunderous and offensive in the church, deserve publick repent- ance ; and of these, some are more haynous than others. Forni- catioun, drunkennesse used, swearing, cursed speaking, chiding, figliting, browling, and commoun contempt of the order of the church, breaking of the Sabboth, and suche like, ought to be in no persoun suffered. But the slaunder being knowne, the offender sould be called before the ministrie ; his crime proved, accused, re- bouked, and he comniaunded publicklie to satisfie the church : which if the offender refuse, they may proceede to cxcommunica- tiuun, as after sail be declared. If the offender appeare not, sum- mouns ought to passe to the thrid time ; and tlien, in case he ap- peare not, the church may dccernc the sentence to be pronunccd.
Other, if it 1)e lesse haynous, and yit deserve admonilioun, ay wantoun and vaine words, uncomelie gestures, negligence in hear-
72 C!ALDEKW00D'.S IIISTOKIE 1561.
ing the preaching, or abstainmg fi'ome tlie Lord's Table when it is ministred, suspicioun of avarice or of pride, superfliiltle or ryotous- nes In cheare or rayment ; these, we say, and suche others that of the world are not regarded, deserve adinonltioun among the mem- bers of Christ's bodle, first, secreltlie, by one or two of these that first esple the offense. Wlilch, If the persoun suspected heare, and give declaratloun of amendlment, then there needeth no farther processe. But if he contemne the admonitioun, then sould the former admonishers take to themselves two or three faithful! and honest Avitnesses, In whose presence the suspected offender sould be admonished, and the causes of their suspicioun declared. To whome. If then he give slgnificatloun of repentance, and promise of amendlment, they may cutt off all farther accusation. But and if he obstinatlle contemne both the said admonltlouns, then ought the first and secund brethreln signlfie the mater to the minister and elders in their sessioun, who ought to call the offender, and be- fore the coraplalners accuse him, as welll of the crime, as of the contempt of the admonitioun. If then he acknowledge his offense, and be willing to satisfie the brethreln before offended, and the sessioun then present, there needeth no farther publicatloun of that offense. But if he declare himself Inobedient to the sessioun, then, without delay, the nlxt Sunday ought the crime, and the order of admonitioims passed before, be publlcklie declared to the church, and the persoun (without speclficatloun of his name) be admonished to satisfie in publick that which he refused to doe in secrelt ; and that for the first. If he offer himself to the church before the nlxt Sunday, the discretloun of the minlstrle may take suche order as may satisfie, as welll the private persouns that were first offended, as the church, declaring the repentance and submlssloun of that brother that before appeared stubburne and incorrigible. But and if he abide the secund admonitioun publick, when that his name sail be expressed, and his offenses and stubburnnesse declared, then can no satlsfactloun be receaved but in publick : yea, it may not be rcccaved before he have humblle required the same of the minlstrle and sessioun of the churchy In their appointed assemblle.
1561. OF THE KIKK OF SCOTLAND. 7o
If he continue stubburne, then the tlnid Sunday ought lie be charged publicklie to satisfie the clmrch for liis offense and con- tempt, under the paine of excommunicatioun, the order wherof sail after be declared.
And thus a small offense or slaunder may justlie deserve excom- municatioun, by reasoun of the contempt and disobedience of the offender. If the offender shew himself penitent betweene the first admonitioun and the secund, and satisfie the ministrie of the church, and the brethrein that before Avere offended in their assemblie, then it may suffice, that the minister, at commandement of the sessioun, declare the nixt Sunday (without comparing or expressing of the persoun) his repentance or submissioun, in these, or other words :
" It Avas signifeid unto you before, (dearelie beloved,) that ane certane brother (or brethrein) was noted, or, at least, suspected of some offense, whereof he being admonished by one or two, ap- peared lightlie to regarde the same; and therefore was he and his offense notifeid unto the ministrie, in their assemblie, who, ac- cording to their duetie and charge, accused him of the same. And not finding in him suche obedience as the professioun of a Chris- tiane requireth, fearing that suche offenses and stubburnnesse sould engender contempt, and infect others, they were compelled to no- tifie unto you the crime, and proceiding of the sessioun, minding to have sought the uttermost remedie, in case the offender had con- tinued obstinate. Bot seing that it hath pleased God to mollifie the heart of our brother, whose name we neede not to expresse, so that ho hath not onlie acknowledged the offense, bot also hath fullie satisfeid the brethrein that first Avere offended, and us the ministrie, and hath promised to abstaine frome all appearance of suche evill as Avherof he was suspected and admonished, we have no just cause to proceede to anie farther extremitie ; but rather to glorifie God for the submissioun of our brother, and unfainedlie ])ray unto him, that in the like case Ave, and cveric one of us, may cive the like obedience."
74 CALi>ErtWooD'a histokie 15«U.
The Forme and Order of Publick Repentance.
It is first to be observed, that none may be admitted to publick repentance, except that first they be admitted thereto by the ses- sioim and assemblie of the ministers and elders ; in the which they ought sharplie to be examined, what feare and terrour they have of God's judgements, what hatred of sinne, and dolour for the same, and Avhat sense and feeling they have of God's mercies ; in the Avliich if they be ignoraunt, they ought diligentlie to be in- structed. For it is but a mockage to present suche to publick re- pentance, as neither understand what sinne is, what repentance is, Avhat is grace, nor by whome is God's favour and mercie pur- chased. After, then, that the offender sail be in the assemblie in- structed, so that he hath some taste of God's judgements, bot cheefelie of God's mercies in Christ Jesus, he may be presented before the publick church, upovm a Sunday after the sermoun, and before the prayers and psalme ; and then the minister sail say : —
" Beloved and deerest brethrein, Ave, by reasoun of our charge and ministrie, present before you this brother, that by infirmitie of flesh and craft of Satan hath fearefullie fallen frome the obedience of his God, by committing N. of a crime, &c., (lett the sinne be expressed,) by the which he hath not onlie offended against the Majestic of God, bot also by the same hath given great slaunder and offense to his holie congregatioun ; and, therefoi*e, doth to his owne confusioun (bot to the glorie of God, and our great comfort) present himself heere before you, to witncsse and declare his un- fained repentance, the thirst and the care he hath to be reconciled with God through Jesus Christ, and with you, his brethrein, whome he hath offended. And, therefore, it is requisite that yee and he understand Avhat assurance we have to require suche [)ub- lick satisfactioun of him, what profite we ought to learne in the same, and what profite and utilitie redoundcth to both, of this his humiliatioun.
" That publick repentance is the institutioun of God, and not man's inventioun, may be plainlie gathered of the Avords of our Master, commanding, that if anio lune offended his brother, in
1561. OF THE KIKK OF SCOTLAND. 75
what sort soever it be, tliat he sail goc to hiin, and be reconciled unto his brother. If the offense committed against one brother re- quireth reconciliatioun, the offense committed against manie bre- threin requireth the same. And if a man be charged by Christ Jesus to goe to a man whome he hath offended, and there, by con- fessing of his offense, require reconciliatioun, muche more is he bound to seeke a whole multitude whome he hath offended, and before them with all humilitie require the same. For that woe Avhich our Master, Christ Jesus, pronouncetli against everie man that hath offended the least one within his church, remaineth upoun everie publick offender, untill suche time as he declare him- self wilHng to remove the same ; Avhich he can never doe, untill suche time as he lett the multitude whome he hath offended under- stand his unfained repentance. But becaus that all men of up- right judgement agree in this, that publick offenses require publick repentance, we passe to the secund head, which is. What it is that Ave have to consider, in the fall and sinne of this our brother. If we consider his fall, and sinne in him onlic, without consideratioun of ourselves, and of our owne corruptioun, we sail profite nothing : for so sail we but despise our brother, and flatter ourselves. But if we sail earnestlie consider what nature we beare, what cor- ruptioun lurketh in it, how prone and readie everie one of us is to suche, and greater impietie, then sail we, in the sinne of this our brother, accuse and condemne our owne sinnes ; in his fall, sail we consider and lament our sinfull nature ; also sail we joyne our re- pentance, teares, and prayers, with him and his, knowing that no tleshe can be justifeid before God's presence, if judgement proccid without mercie. The profite which this our brother and we have of this his humiliatioun is, that we and he may be assured, that more readie is our Lord God to receave us to mercie through Jesus Christ, his onlie Sonne, than Ave arc to crave it. It is not sinne, be it never so greevous, that sail separate us frome his fa- vour, if Ave seeke to his mercie : for as all have sinned, and are by themselves destitute of God's grace, so is He readie to shcAv mercie unto all that unfaincdlie call for the .same. Yea, He doth not onlie
7G cALDEiavooD s iiiyroKiE 1561.
receave such as come, bot Pie, by the moutli of his deare Sonne, calleth upon suche as be burdenned and loadened with sinne, and solemnelie promiseth that He Avill refi'eshe them. We have, be- sides, an other commoditie, to Avitt, that if we sail heerafter fall in the like, or greater, (for we stand not by our owne power, but by grace onlie,) that we be not ashamed in this same sort to humble our selves, and confesse our offense. Now, therefore, brother, as we all praise God in this your humiliatioun, beseeching him, that it be without hypocrisie, so it becometh you earnestlie to consider of what minde, and with what heart, yee present your self heere before this assemblie. It is not your sinne that sail separate you frome your God, nor frome his mercie in Jesus Christ, if you re- pent the same ; but hypocrisie and impenitencie (which God re- move frome you and us) is no wise tolerable before his presence."
The offender ought to protest before God that he is sorie for his sinne, and unfainedlie desii'eth God to be mercifull unto him, and that for the obedience of his deare Sonne, our Lord Jesus Christ.
The Minister.
" We can onlie see that which is without, and according to your confessioun judge, leaving the secreits of the heart to God, Avho onlie can trie and searche the same. But becaus unfained repent- ance for sinne, and simple confessioun of the same, are the meere gifts of God, we will joyne our prayers with yours, that the one and the other may be graunted to you and us.
" Eternall and everliving God, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, thou that by the mouth of thy holy prophets and apostles hath plainly pronunced, that thou desireth not the death of a sinner, bot rather that he may convert and live ; who also hath sent thy onlie Sonne, to suffer the cruell death of the crosse, not for the just, bot suche as find themselves oppressed with the burthein of sinnes, that by Him and his advocatioun they may have accesse to the tlu'one of thy grace, being assured, that before thee they sail find favour and mercie : We are assembled, O Lord, in thy presence, and that in the name of this same oiu' Lord Jesus, th}^ deare Sonne, to ac-
15G1. OF THE KIRK OF ^;COTLANT). 77
cuse before thee our sinnes, and before the feete of thy Majestie to crave mercie for the same. We most humblie beseeche thee, O Father of mercies, first that thou will touche and move oiu' hearts by the power of thy Holie Spirit, in suche sort, that we may come to a true knowledge of our sinnes. But cheefelie, O Lord, that it will please thee to move the heart of this our brother, N., &c., who, as he hath offended thy Majestic, and a great number of this thy holie congregatioun, by his greevous and public sinne, so doth he not refuse publicklie to acknowledge and confesse the same, as that this his humiliatioun, given to the glorie of thy name, presentlie doth witnesse. But becaus, O Lord, the externall confessioun, without the dolour of the heart, availeth nothing in thy presence, we most humblie beseeche thee, that thou will so effectuallie move his heart, and ours also, that he and we, without hypocrisie damning that which thy laAV pronounceth unjust, may attaine to some sense and feeling of thy mercie, which thou hath abundantlie shewed unto mankinde in Jesus Christ our Lord. Graunt, O Lord, unto this our brother, the repentance of the heart, and sincere confessioun of his mouth, to the praise of thy name, to the comfort of thy chm-ch, and to the confusioun of Satan. And to us graunt, O Lord, that albeit we cannot be altogether cleane of sinne, yit that we fall not in horrible crimes, to the dishonoiu' of thy most holie name, to the slaunder of our brethrein, and infamie of thy holie Evangell which we professe. Lett thy godlie power, O Lord, so strenthen our weaknesse, that neither the craft of Satan, nor the tyrannic of sinne, draw us utterlie frome thy obedience. Give us grace, O Lord, that, by holinesse and innocencie of life, we may declare to this wicked generatioun, what difference there is betwixt the sonnes of light and the sonnes of darknes, that men, seing our good works, may glorifie thee, and thy Sonne Jesus Christ, our onlie Saviour and Redeemer; to whome, with thee and the Holie Spirit, be all hon- our, praise, and glorie, now and ever. Amen."
The prayer finished, the minister sail turne him to the penitent brother, and in full audience sail say :
" Ye have heard, brother, what is your duetie toward the church
IS CALDERWOODS HISTORIE 15G1.
which yee have offended ; to witt, that wilHnglie yee confesse that crmie that you have committed, asking God mercie for the same, and so that yee may reconcile your self to the church which yee have offended. Yee have heard also the affection and care of the clmrch toward you, their penitent brother, notwithstanding your greevous fall; to Avit, that we all heere present joyne our sinnes with your sinne ; we all repute and esteeme your fall to be our owne ; we accuse our selves no lesse than we accuse you : now, finallie, we joyne our prayers with yours, that Ave and you may ob- taine mercie, and that by the meanes of our Lord Jesus Christ. Let us, therefore, brother, have this comfort of you, that yee Avill openlie and simplie confesse your crime, and give to us attestation of your unfained repentance."
The penitent sail then openlie confesse the crime, AA'hatsoever it be, and saU desire God's mercie, and pray the church to call to God for mercie with him ; and unfainedlie desire that he may be joyned again to their societie and number.
If the penitent be confounded with shame, or such a one as can- not distinctlie speeke to the comfort and instruction of the church, the minister sail make repetition, that CA'erie head may be under- stood by it self; and therefore sail aske the penitent if that be his confession, and if so he belee\'eth. His answere affirmative being receaA^ed, the minister sail aske the congi-egation if they judge anie further to be required for their satisfaction and reconciliation of that brother. No contradiction being made, the minister sail say to the penitent, " We liaA^e heard, deare brother, your confession, for the Avhich, from our hearts Ave praise God. For in it the Spirit of Jesus Christ hath confoimded the devill, and broken doun his head and poAver, in that, that yee to the glorie of God have openlie damned yourself and your impietie, imploring grace and mercie, for Chi'ist Jesus, liis Sonne's sake. This strenth, submission, and obe- dience, cannot proceed frome flesh and blood, bot is the singular gift of the Holie Ghost. AcknoAvledge, therefore, it to be given unto you by Jesus Christ our Lord. And noAv, take heed, least at any time yee be unmindfull of this great bencfite, Avhich, no
15G1. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 79
doubt, 8111:111 doth envie, and will assaile by all nieanes possible, that you may abuse it. He will not cease to tempt you to fall againe in suclie, or crimes more horrible. But resist the dcvill, and he sail flee frome you. Live in sobrietie ; be instant in prayer ; commend yourself unfainedlie unto God, who, as he is faithfull, so sail he give to us victorie over sinne, death, and Satan, and that by the meanes of our Head, and soverane Campioun, Jesus Christ, to whom be all praise, glorie, and honour, now and ever. Amen."
A71 Admonition to the Church.
" It is 3^our duetie, brethrein, to tak exemple of this our penitent brother. First, that yee be unfainedlie displeased in your owne hearts for your sinnes : Secundarilie, that with this our brother yee accuse them in the sight of God, imploring grace and mcrcie for your offenses committed ; and last, if anie of you sail after this publicklie oiFend, that yee refuse not, with the like reverence, to satisfie the Church of God, offended by you. Noav onlie resteth, that yee remitt and forget all offenses which yee have conceaved heeretofore, by the sinne and fall of this our brother ; accept and embrace him as a member of Christ's bodie. Let none take upon him to reproache and. accuse him for any offenses that before this houre he hath committed. And that he may have the better as- surance of your good will and reconciliation, prostrate yourselves before God, and render him thanks for the conversion and repent- ance of this our brother."
The Thanksgiving.
"Heavenlie Father, fountane of all mcrcie and consolation, we confesse ourselves unworthie to be counted among thy childrein, if thou have respect to the corruption of our nature. But, seing it hath pleased thy Fatherlie goodnes, not only freelie to choose us in thy deare Sonne, our Lord Jesus Christ, by his death to redeeme us, by his Evangell to call us, and by his Holie Spirit (which both are thine) to illuminate us ; but also, that thou hath commanded the Word and holie Evangell to be preached, to the end that the
80 calderwoob's iiiSTOPji-: lo(Jl.
penitent sail have an assurance of tlie remission of their slnnes, not onlie for a time, bot even so oft as men frome sorrowful heart sail call for thy grace and mercie : In consideration of this thy Fatherlie adoption, and ineffable clemencie showen upon us, we can not but praise and magnifie thy Fatherlie mercie, a testimonie whereof Ave not onlie feele in ourselves, bot also see the same evident in the conversion of this our brother, whom Satan for a time held in boun- dage, but now is set at freedome by the power of our Lord Jesus Christ, and is returned againe to the societie of thy bodie. Graunt unto VIS, Heavenlie Father, that he and we may more and more be displeased for our sinnes, and proceed in all maner of good works, to the praise of thy holie name, and edification of thy church, by Jesus Christ, our Lord, and onlie Saviour. So be it."
The thanks finished, the minister sail require of the penitent, if he will be subject to the discipline of the church, in case that he after offend. Wlio, answering that he will, the minister sail say in maner of absolution :
" If thou unfainedlie repent thy former iniquitie, and beleeve in the Lord Jesus, then I, in his name, pronounce and affirme that thy sinnes are forgiven, not onlie in earth, but also in heaven, according to the promises annexed with the preaching of his Word, and to the power putt in the ministrie of his church."
Then sail the elders and deacons, with the ministers, (if anie be,) in name of the whole church, take the reconciled brother by the hand, and embrace him, in signe of full reconciliation. Then, after, sail the church sing the 103d Psalme, so muche as they think ex- pedient ; and so sail the assemblie with the benediction be dis- missed.
The Forme of Excommunication, After that all admonition, both privat and public, be past, as be- fore is said, then must the church proceed to excommunicatioun, if the offender remaine obstinate. The Sunday, therefore, after the thrid publick admonition, the minister being before cliarged by the session or elders, sail thus signifie unto the church after sermoun ;
15()1. OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND. 81
"It is not unknowcn to you, witli wliat lenitic and carel'ulnesso the ministrie and the wliole church, by publick and privat admoni- tions, hath sought N., &c., to satisfie the church, and to declare liimself penitent for his greevous crimes and rebellion, by the which he hath offended God's majestic, blasphemed his holie name, and offended his church, in whome to this day we finde nothing bot stubburnnesse. We cannot, therefore, of conscience, winke any longer at the disobedience of the said N., least that his exemple in- fect and liurt others. We are compelled, therefore, in the feare of God, to give the said N. into the hands and power of the devill, to the destruction of the flesh, if that by that meane he may be broght to tlie consideration of himself, and so repent, and avoide that feare- full condemnation that sail fall on all inobedient, in the day of the Lord Jesus. And, least that anie sail thinke that we doe this of manlie presumption, without the assurance of the Scripture, yee sail shortlie heare what commandement and authoritie we have so to doe.
" First, we have the commandement of our Master and Saviour, Jesus Christ, to hold suche for ethnicks and publicans as will not heare the voice of the church. But jjlaine it is, that this obstinate N. hath contemptuouslie refused all wholsorae admonitions, and therefore we, not one or two, but the whole church, must hold him as a publicane ; that is, as one cutt off frome the bodie of Christ, and unworthie of anie societie with him, or with the benefites of his chm'ch, till his new conversion, and his receaving againe.
" SecundariHe, we have the command of the apostle Sanct Paul, and that fearefull sentence Avhicli he, being absent, did notwith- standing pronounce against the incest ; with his sharpe rebooke to the Corinthians, that with greater zeale and expedition they expelled not from among them that wicked man. And, if anie thinke that the offense of this forenamed obstinat is not so hainous as that of the incest, lett such understand, that mercie and favour ]nay be rather granted to anie other sinne, than to the contempt of whol- some admonitions, and of the just and lawfull ordinances of the
church. For other sinnesj how hainous so ever they be, (so be it VOL. II. F
<S2 (;alderwood's historte loGl.
that they deserve not death,) as by unfained repentance they are re- mitted before God, so, upon the same humblie offered unto the church, order may be taken, that the offender may be comforted, and at lenth restored to the societie of the church again. But such as proudhe contemne the admonition of the church, privat or pub- lick, declare themselves stubburne, rebellious, and altogether im- penitent, and, therefore, most justlie ought they to be excommuni- cate.
" The precept of God given under the law, to expel frome the middest of God's people suche as were leprous, (without exception of person,) is to us an assurance, that we ought to expell frome the societie of Christ's bodie suche as be stricken with spirituall lepro- sie ; for the one is no lesse infective and dangerous than is the other. Now, seing that we know excommunication is God's ordi- nance, lett us, in few words, understand the utilitie and use of the same.
" By it, first, the church is purged of open wicked doers, which is no small commoditie, considering that we fight in the middest and eyes of this wicked generation, which seeketh in us nothing more than occasioun of slaunder. Secundarlie, by it is the church, and everie member of the same, retained in obedience and feare, wherof all have need, if the frailtie of our flesh sail be rightlie con- sidered. Thridlie, by it we exercise a singular work of charitie, whill that we declare ourselves carefull to keepe the flocke of Christ in puritie of maners, and Avithout danger to be infected. For, as it were a worke both uncharitable and cruell, to joyne together in one bed persons infected with pestilent and other contagious and infective sores with tender childrein, or with suche as are whole, so it is no lesse crueltie to suffer among the flocke of Christ suche ob- stinat rebells : for, true is that sentence of the apostle's, ' A little leaven corriipteth the whole masse." But, least that Ave sould seeme to usurpe poAver over the church, or to doe anie thing Avithout the knowledge and consent of the whole bodie, for this present Ave delay the sentence, willing such as have anie thing to object in the contrarie to propone the same the nixt sessioun day, or elles to sig-
lOljl. OF THE KIKlv OF SCOTLAND. 83
nifie tlic same to .some oF the injulsters or elders, that answerc may be given thereto ; and, in tlie meane time, we will call to God for the conversion of the impenitent.
The Prayer for the Obstinat.
" Eternall and ever-living God, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, whose verie propertie is to shew mercie, and to restore life, when to man's judgement death hath gotten dominion over thy creatures : for thou hath first sought, called, accused, and convicted our father Adam, after his transgression, and being so deid in sinne, and thrall to Satan, that he could neither confesse his offense, nor yit aske mercie for the same : thou, by thy free promises of mercie and grace, gave unto him a new life, and strenth to repent. The same order must thou keepe, O Lord, with all thy chosen childrein of his posteritie ; for in man's corrupt nature there can be no obedi- ence, untlU that thou, by operation of thy Holie Spirit, work the same. And, therefore, we most humblie beseeke thee, for Jesus Christ thy Sonne's sake, pitifullie to looke upon this thy creature, who was once baptized in thy name, and hath professed himself subject to thy religion, and to the discipline of thy church, whom Satan (alas !) now so blindeth, that obstinatlie he contcumeth the one and the other. We have followed, O Lord, the rule prescribed unto us by thy deare Sonne, our Lord Jesus Christ, in admonisl;- ing and threatning him ; but hitherto have profited nothing con- cernino; him and his humiliation.
" But, O Lord, as thou alone knoweth, so may thou alone change and moUifie the hearts of the proud and impenitent. Thou, by the voice of thy prophet Nathan, wakened David frome his deadlie se- cviritie. Thou, without anie prophet, did beate doun the pride of Manasseh in the prisoun, after he had shed the blood of thy ser- vants, and had replenished Jerusalem with all kinde of impietie. Thou turned the heart of Peter, at the looke of thy deare Sonne, our Lord Jesus Christ, after that fearefullie, with horrible impreca- tions, he had thrise openlie denied him.
" O Lord, thv mercies Avithout measure endure for ever, to the
84 calderwood's historie 1561.
which we, after long travell, doe remitt this obstinat and impeni- tent ; earnestlie desiring thee, O Father of mercies, first so to peirce his heart with the feare of thy severe judgements, that he may be- ginne to understand, that thus contemning all wholsome admoni- tions, he provoketh thy wrath and indignation against himself. Open his eyes, that he may see how fearefull and terrible a thing it is to fall into thy hands. And, therefore, mollific and anoint his heart with the unction of thy Holie Spirit, that he may unfainedlic convert unto thee, and give unto thee that honour and obedience that thou requireth in thy holie Word ; and so to our comfort, that now raourne for his rebellion, that he may subject himself to the just ordinance of thy church, and avoide that fearefull vengeance that most assuredlie sail fall upon all the inobedient. These thy graces, Heavenlie Father, and farther, as thou knoweth to be expedient for us, and for thy church universall, we call, according as we be taught to pray by our soverane Master, Christ Jesus, say- ing, ' Our Father,' &c."
The second Sunday, after sermon and publick prayers, the mini- ster sail, in audience of the whole church, aske the elders and dea- cons, who must sitt in an eminent and proper place, that their an- swere may be heard :
The Minister.
" Hath he, whome the last day we admonished, under the paine of excommunication, to satisfie the church for his publick slander and contempt of the ministrie, by himself or by anie other, offered his obedience unto you?"
They sail answere, as the truthe is. Yea, or Nay.
If he hath sought the favoiu* of anie within the ministrie, with promise of obedience, then sail farther processe be delayed, and he commanded to appeare before the session in their nixt assemblie, where order may be taken for his publick repentance, as in the for- mer head is expressed. If he have not laboured to satisfie the church, then sail the minister proceed, and say :
" It cannot be but dolorous to the bodie, that anie one member
1561. OF THE KllIK OF SCOTLAND. 85
tlierof soiild be cut off and perish : and yit, it ought to be more fearefull to the member than to the bodie, for the member cut off can doe no thing but putrifie and perish, and yit the bodie may re- taine life and strenth. But the rebellion of this obstinat may pro- ceed, in one part, from ignorance ; for it may be, that he under- standeth not what excommunication is, and what is the danger of the same. I sail, therefore, in few words, open the one and the other.
" Lawfull excommunication (for the thundrings of that Koman Antichrist are but vanitie and Avinde) is the cutting off frome the bodie of Jesus Christ, frome participation of his holie sacraments, and frome publick prayers with his church, by publick and so- lemned sentence, all obstinat and impenitent pei'sons, after due ad- monitions ; which sentence, lawfullie pronounced in earth, is ratified in heaven, by binding of the same sinnes that they bind in earth. The danger heerof is greater than man can suddanlie espie : for seing, that without the bodie of Jesus Christ there abideth nothing but death and damnation to mankinde, in what estate sail we judge them to stand that justlie are cut off frome the same ?
" Yea, what horrible vengeance hangeth upon them and their posteritie, notable and severe punishments may instruct us. Cain, the murtherer, was not accused within his owne person onlie, bot that same malediction ranne on his posteritie, and all that joyned therewith, till that all mankind was destroyed by water, (eight persons reserved.) Cham likewise was accursed in his sonne Ca- naan, the severitie wlierof proceeded even to the rooting out of that whole race and nation. The simple word of our Master, Jesus Christ, caused the figge tree suddanlie to wither. At the voice of Peter, Ananias and Saphira were striken with death. The same God and Lord Jesus, with the power of his Holie Spii'it, that then was potent and just, worketh even now in the ministrie of his church, the contempt wherof he will in no wise suffer vmpunished. And, therefore, ye that have acquaintance or familiaritie with the forenamed obstinate, declare unto him these dangers, and will him not to tempt the uttermost. And thus, yett againc Ictt us pray to God for his conversion."
86 CALUEKWUOD\s HISTOKIE 15G1.
Lett the foDiiev Prut/er be publickUe said.
The tlirid Sunday, lett the first question be proponed by the mi- nister to the elders and deacons, concerning the submissioun of the obstinate so oft admonished, as was proponed the secund. If re- j^entance be offered, lett order be taken, as is aforesaid, with one charge to the cliurch, to praise God for the conversion of that bro- ther. If repentance be not offered, then sail the minister expone wherein the persoun that is to be excommunicate hath offended ; how oft, and by whome he hath beene admonished, as weill privat- lie as publicklie ; and sail demand of the elders and deacons, if it be not so : Avhose answere receaved, the minister sail aske the whole church, if they thinke that suche contempt sould be suffered among them; and if then no man mak intercession for the obstinat, the minister sail proceed, and say :
" Of verie conscience Ave are compelled to doe that which to our hearts is most dolorous ; to witt, to give over to the hands of the divell this forenamed obstinate coiitemner, N., whom once we es- teemed a member of our bodie ; and that not onlie for the crime which he hath committed, bot muche rather for his proud contempt and intolerable rebellion, least that our sufferance of him in this his impietie sould not onlie be imputed to us, bot also that he sould in- fect others with the same pestilence. And, therefore, we must use the last remedie, hoAv greevous so ever it be unto us. And yit, I desire you, for more ample declaration of your Christian charitie toward him,