06924nam a2200769Ii 4500 on1244014916 OCoLC20210331081551.0210331s2021 nyua b 000 0 eng d(OCoLC)1244014916YAMengrdaYAMYAMs------YAMMQH1.A4 no.447 2021Evolution in the genus Rhinella :a total evidence phylogenetic analysis of neotropical true toads (Anura: Bufonidae) /Martín O. Pereyra, Boris L. Blotto, Diego Baldo, Juan C. Chaparro, Santiago R. Ron, Agustín J. Elias-Costa, Patricia P. Iglesias, Pablo J. Venegas, Maria Tereza C. Thomé, Jhon Jairo Ospina-Sarria, Natan M. Maciel, Marco Rada, Francisco Kolenc, Claudio Borteiro, Mauricio Rivera-Correa, Fernando J.M. Rojas Runjaic, Jiří Moravec, Ignacio de la Riva, Ward C. Wheeler, Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher, Taran Grant, Célio F.B. Haddad, Julian Faivovich.Evolution in Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae)New York, NY :American Museum of Natural History,[2021]©2021155 pages :illustrations (some color) ;26 cm.texttxtrdacontentstill imagestirdacontentunmediatednrdamediavolumencrdacarrierBulletin of the American Museum of Natural History,0003-0090 ;number 447"Issued March 31, 2021."Also available online.Local PDF available in high- and low-resolution versions.Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-96).True toads of the genus Rhinella are among the most common and diverse group of Neotropical anurans. These toads are widely distributed throughout South America, inhabiting a great diversity of environments and ecoregions. Currently, however, the genus is defined solely on the basis of molecular characters, and it lacks a proper diagnosis. Although some phenetic species groups have traditionally been recognized within Rhinella, the monophyly of some of them have been rejected in previous phylogenetic analyses, and many species remain unassigned to these poorly defined groups. Additionally, the identity and taxonomy of several species are problematic and hinder the specific recognition and description of undescribed taxa. In this work, we first perform phylogenetic analyses of separate mitochondrial and nuclear datasets to test the possible occurrence of hybridization and/or genetic introgression in the genus. The comparative analysis of both datasets revealed unidirectional mitochondrial introgressions of an unknown parental species into R. horribilis ("ghost introgression") and of R. dorbignyi into R. bernardoi; therefore, the mitochondrial and nuclear datasets of these species were considered separately in subsequent analyses. We performed total-evidence phylogenetic analyses that included revised molecular (four mitochondrial and five nuclear genes) and phenotypic (90 characters) datasets for 83 nominal species of Rhinella, plus several undescribed and problematic species and multiple outgroups. Results demonstrate that Rhinella was nonmonophyletic due to the position of R. ceratophrys, which was recovered as the sister taxon of Rhaebo nasicus with strong support. Among our outgroups, the strongly supported Anaxyrus + Incilius is the sister clade of all other species of Rhinella. Once R. ceratophrys is excluded, the genus Rhinella is monophyletic, well supported, and composed of two major clades. One of these is moderately supported and includes species of the former R. spinulosa Group (including R. gallardoi); the monophyletic R. granulosa, R. crucifer, and R. marina Groups; and a clade composed of the mitochondrial sequences of R. horribilis. The other major clade is strongly supported and composed of all the species from the non-monophyletic R. veraguensis and R. margaritifera Groups, the former R. acrolopha Group, and R. sternosignata. Consistent with these results, we define eight species groups of Rhinella that are mostly diagnosed by phenotypic synapomorphies in addition to a combination of morphological character states. Rhinella sternosignata is the only species that remains unassigned to any group. We also synonymize nine species, treat three former subspecies as full species, and suggest that 15 lineages represent putative undescribed species. Lastly, we discuss the apparently frequent occurrence of hybridization, deep mitochondrial divergence, and "ghost introgression"; the incomplete phenotypic evidence (including putative character systems that could be used for future phylogenetic analyses); and the validity of the known fossil record of Rhinella as a source of calibration points for divergence dating analyses.Reference copy temporarily shelved on 7th floor, 7-70.RhinellaPhylogeny.BufonidaeSouth AmericaPhylogeny.ToadsSouth AmericaPhylogeny.AmphibiansSouth AmericaPhylogeny.Pereyra, Martín O.,author.Blotto, Boris L.,author.Baldo, Diego,author.Chaparro, Juan Carlos(Herpetologist),author.Ron, Santiago R.,author.Elias-Costa, Agustín J.,author.Iglesias, Patricia P.,author.Venegas, Pablo J.,author.Thomé, Maria Tereza C.,author.Ospina-Sarria, Jhon Jairo,author.Maciel, Natan M.,author.Rada, Marco,author.Kolenc, Francisco,author.Borteiro, Claudio,author.Rivera-Correa, Mauricio,author.Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M.,author.Moravec, Jiří,author.Riva, Ignacio de la,author.Wheeler, Ward,author.Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago,1979- ,author.Grant, Taran,1972- ,author.haddad, Célio F. B.,author.Faivovich, Julián,author.Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History ;no. 447.http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/7260Click here for local online version.https://doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.46Click here for file of supplementary material.https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.447.1.1Click here for online version via BioOne..b1223589103-31-2103-31-21rfcolgenconet03-31-21ma-enmnyu0C0YAM10refmu-$0.00---30000.i1401062803-31-2110main -$0.00---10000.i1401063x03-31-2110net n$0.00---00000.i1401064103-31-21