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DICTIONARY
OF THE
HAUSA LANGUAGE
VOLUME II. ENGLISH-HAUSA
BY THE SAME AUTHOR
A Dictionary of the Hausa Language. Vol. I.
Hausa-English. Crown 8vo. 3rd ed. 12s. net. Vol. II. English-Hausa. Crown 8vo. 3rd ed. 10s. net. (Cambridge University Press.)
Specimens of Hausa Literature. Small 4to. 10s.
Translation, Transliteration and Notes, without Facsimiles. 58. (Cambridge University Press.)
Hausa Grammar, with exercises, readings and vocabulary. 4th ed. 6s. (Kcgan Paul, Triibner & Co.)
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DICTIONARY
OF THE
HAUSA LANGUAGE
by CHARLES HENRY ROBINSON D.D.
SOMETIME LECTURER IN HAUSA IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE HONORARY CANON OF RIPON
VOLUME II ENGLISH-HAUSA
THIRD EDITION
Cambridge
at the University Press
1914
PK-
1913
r a.
§
39235
77^
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
C. F. CLAY, Manager
ilOtttlon; FETTER LANE, E.G.
etriniurfit) : lOO PRINCES STREET
aSttUn: A. ASHER AND CO.
ILeipjte: F. A. BROCKHAUS
(Qeto gork: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
■©ombap ant) Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.
STorontti: J. M. DENT AND SONS, Ltd.
3rofeao: THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA
First Edition 1900 Second Edition 1907 Third Edition 1914
All rights reserved
PEEFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
TN preparing this third edition of the English-Hausa
Dictionary for the press I desire to express my gratitude
for much valuable assistance received from Major Frank
Edgar, author of three volumes of Hausa stories {tatsuniyoyi),
Mr W. J. Gowers, the Resident at Kano, Captain Roland
Fletcher, author of Hausa Folklore, Dr Walter Miller, of the
C.xM.S. Mission, Zaria, the chief translator of the N.T. into
Hausa, Dr J. M. Dalziel and others who have supplied
corrections and additions to the former edition. To Major
Edgar I am specially indebted for many suggestions in regard
to the transliteration of Hausa words, and to Dr Dalziel I
am indebted for much help in compiling lists of plants and
animals.
The system of transliterating Hausa which has been adopted in this volume and in the fourth edition of the Hausa Grammar recently published, differs in several respects from that followed in Vol. I. The changes have been made in order to render the system of transliteration uniform with that which has recently been adopted by the English Govern- ment authorities in Nigeria. It is impossible by any system of transliteration to represent the exact sounds of many Hausa words. Thus we might almost equally well write yanka or yenka ' to cut,' kwai or kwoi ' egg,' hanya or hainya ' road,' hakiuai or hokkoi ' seven.' In each case the sound to
VI PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
be represented lies between the sounds suggested by the alternative forms. The Hausa script affords no help in deciding between e and a in a word such as yanha * to cut,' as the script contains no symbol for a short e. In order to bring the system adopted in this dictionary into line with that of the books issued by the Government of Nigeria I have adopted the former alternative in each of these cases which are typical of many others.
Several changes have also been made in respect of the divisions between nouns or pronouns and prepositions. Prepositions will be found written as separate words except in cases where the words to which they are attached cannot be used as independent words apart from the prepositions. Thus we have ma shi or masa ' to him.' The possessive pronouns are joined to the nouns to which they belong. In some cases, e.g. wurinsa * in his place,' where the pronoun is really possessive the noun although used as a preposition cannot be separated from the pronoun : the same rule would apply to a use such as ina hinsa ' I follow him.' In a few cases a preposition followed by a noun has become so closely united that it would be pedantic to separate them, e.g. dayawa, cf. English ' forasmuch,' ' overmuch ' etc.
There are many instances in which it is impossible to say whether a double consonant should be used for purposes of transliteration. In the former edition of this dictionary in such doubtful cases the second consonant was placed in a bracket, e.g. dag{g)a ' from.' As this method of trans- literation is clumsy and is otherwise unsatisfactory the use of brackets has been abandoned. In a considerable number
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION vii
of cases a word may be written either with a single or a double consonant. Thus we ma}^ write ddga or dagga, tdfi or taffi * to go/ hisa or hissa ' top. The general rule is that wherever a consonant is doubled both consonants should be pronounced: thus amma *but/ should to pronounced am-ma.
In accordance with the use adopted by the majority of Hausa students I have avoided the use of chch, shsh and tsts, as, although in a word such as chikache ' full/ the sound chikachche may be heard when the word is pronounced with unusual deliberation, the double ch is not heard when the word is used in ordinary rapid conversation.
As this dictionary is intended for the use of those who desire to speak the ordinary colloquial Hausa, I have omitted rare words and rare plurals or other formations.
CHARLES H. ROBINSON.
June, 1914.
ABBREVIATIONS
|
ans. |
= answer. |
neut. |
= neuter. |
|
art. |
article. |
obj. |
objective. |
|
coll. |
collective. |
part. |
participle. |
|
comp. |
compavati^e. |
pass. |
passive. |
|
concr. |
concrete. |
pers. |
person. |
|
conn. |
connective. |
phys. |
physically. |
|
dem. |
demonstrative. |
possess. |
possessive. |
|
diff. |
different. |
pregn. |
in a pregnant sense. |
|
expr. |
expression, also = ex- |
prep. |
preposition. |
|
pressed. |
pr, n. |
proper noun. |
|
|
feni. |
feminine. |
pron. |
pronoun. |
|
fig. |
figuratively. |
rel. |
relative. |
|
foil. |
following. |
rep. |
repeated. |
|
fut. |
future. |
sep. |
separate. |
|
gent. |
gentilic. |
spec. |
specially, also = special |
|
id. |
the same. |
special term or terms |
|
|
impers. |
impersonal. |
suff. |
suffixed. |
|
instr. |
instrumental. |
techn. |
technical. |
|
inter j. |
interjection. |
tr. |
transitive. |
|
interrog. |
interrogative. |
trop. |
tropically. |
|
intr. |
intransitive. |
V. |
verb, also = see. |
|
loc. |
of place. |
vv. |
verbs. |
|
neg. |
negative. |
The letters (K.), (S.) or (Z.) placed word is specially used in the districts of
after a Hausa word denote that the Kano, Sokoto or Zaria.
ENGLISH-HAUSA DICTIONAEY
When more than one Hausa equivalent is given it is not intended to suggest that the Hausa renderings are synonyms. For the exact meanings of the Hausa words the student is referred to the Hausa- English Dictionary.
Words to which * is attached are not in general use amongst the Hausas, and should not he employed without reference to the Hausa-English Dictionary.
a, 1. indef. art.; there is no word generally used in Hausa corresponding to the English indefinite article, the simple noun sufficing, e.g. ha ni goro give me a kola nut.
2. as indef. pron. taking the place of an art., day a one and wani, fem. wata, pi. wan- su, wasu orwadansu are some- times used, e.g. wani gari ke nan there was a city, akwai wata TYiache sunanta Amina there was a (certain) woman named Amina.
3. a-, found as a prep, pre- fix with Engl, words, as a- shore a, da, e.g. afoot a kafa, alive da rai.
aback, 1. adv., see back.
2. fig. e.g. I was taken aback (i.e. I was staggered or surprised) at this wannan ya ha ni mamaki. R. H. D.
abandon, tr. v. hari, har. abandoned, adj., see profli- gate.
abase, tr. v. maida or yin ka- rami ; refl. with kai ( = self), e.g. he abases, or humbles, himself ya maida kansa ka- rami, or ya tankwasa kansa.
abash, tr. v. sa, ha or hada kumya ; I feel abashed na ji kumya (or kunya).
abate, tr. v. raga, rage, ragi ; intr. ragu, ragi.
abatement, n. (decrease) rage- wa, raguwa-, = amount de- ducted from price of anything rangwame, grant me an a. ka yi ma ni rangwame.
abattoir, n. wurinfawa.
abdicate, intr. v. (used of a king) kawuy maida rawani.
abdomen, n. chiki; jiki, pi. jikuna (lit. body) is some- times employed in this sense. 1
abhor
abruptly
abhor, see hate.
abide, intr. v. (dwell) zamna ; see abode.
ability, n. 1. (power) iyawa, iko, a. to do what one likes samun dama.
2. (mental power, under- standing) cf . hankali, dubara, dabara, dibara, lura^ wayo.
abject, adj., see despised.
able, to be, v. iya, i ma, isa, e.g. I am a. to do this work ina iya yin aikin nan, you can do this ku isa yin wan- nan, or ku isa ku yi wannan ; to be unable or not able is expr. by gaza, or the neg. of the above, e.g. we are unable to lift this ba inu isa mu dauka wannan ba, I cannot na gaza or yafaskare ni (lit. it surpasses me).
able, (clever) gwani.
ablutions, ceremonial, n. al- waUa, arwalla ; a. made with sand taimama ; to make a. shafe, shafo.
abode, n. mazamni, gida.
abolish, tr. v., see take away, destroy.
abominable, adj. mugu, fem. mugunya, pi. miyagu, or mugaye.
abominate, tr. v., see hate.
abomination, n. abin mugu, abin kazamta, abin haram.
aborigines, n. habe. abortion, ashara, to produce
a. bata chiki, yasda diya. abortive, adj. babu anfani,
banza. abound, intr. v. faye, kdru,
yin girma; see abundance,
abundant, about, adv. and prep. 1. (a.
so much, nearly) ko, kwatam-
ckin (kwatanchin, kdza). 2. (around) kewaye ; a.
him kewayensa. about, to be, v. za followed by
the personal pronouns, e.g. T
am a. to start za ni tashi ;
yin kUsa, kusata, e.g. su kv^-
sata in yi haka ; cf . makdda. above, adv. and prep, bisa,
a bisa, ddga bisa, birbishe (S. ),
darap ; as prep, bisa ga, and,
when followed by personal
pronouns, gare, e.g. bisa ga
tudu but bisa gare shi ; cf .
biz-biz. abreast, adv. ajere, ajera, gaba
daya, dahara, daura. abroad, adv. a waje, dag a
waje; (at a distance) daga
nesa. abrogate, tr. v. kauda, kawas
da ; to a. a law gushe. abrupt, adj. (precipitous) da
gangara. abruptly, adv. (suddenly) da
sauri, da samri.
abscess
abscess, n. kurji, kureji, kirchi, (jurje, pi. kuraje, maruru, (jyamho, pi. gyamhmia, han- tukuriya {K.\ jmnbade. absence, in his hay ansa. absent, see under present, absorb, tr. v. sha, shanya; (used of cloth, etc.) tsotsa; to be absorbed in thought or business (so as to forget all else) yin shagalchi, e.g. I was so absorbed that I for- got this na yi shagalchi har na manta wannan. abstain from, tr. v. daina,
dena ; bari, bar. abstract, tr. v. debe, Jltasda ; (to purloin) sache, sata, yin sata. absurd, adj. banza. Abubekr, pr. n. Abubakar, also
contracted form Bube. abundance, n. yaiva, yawan- \ chi, auki^,yahva,yayalwachi, kdri, malala, ru/ogo, walawa, tululu, tilli, tnlli, rikumbu* ; (a. of food) zari, machiya, \ tinjim * abundant, adj. dayawa, ma-
yaiva^ mai-yawa. abundantly, yalwache. abuse, n. (i.e. abusive words) habaichi, pi. habaitai, kazaf, kazap, zambo. abuse, tr. v. 1. (to revile) zage, zagi, birga, burg a ; (to
accompany
a. behind one's back) yin
habaichi^ chim baya.
2. (to make ill use of)
turn by yin with abin wqfi^
etc. acacia, bagaruwa, gabaruwa,
dakwara, dushe, fara kaya, farchin shafo, gaba chara, gardayi, gawo, pi. gawake, kwarkwara, karkara, kak- kara, kwandariya. accede to, v. 1. yarda, e.g. abin 7ian da ya fada ma ka mun yarda = wQ a. to the terms he mentioned to you ; amsa.
2. (as heir) gdda.
3. (to the throne) cAm sarauta, chi, yhi sariki.
accelerate, to hamzarta, see
hasten, accent, he has an a. bakinshi
yana da kwata. accept, tr. V. karba, karbi,
samu; cf. also prec. I. acceptable, adj., it is a. to me,
periphr. ya gamshe ni, da or
abifi da ya gamshe ni. acceptance (receipt), amsa. accident, n. kure, pi. kura-
kuri, sabdbi, tsautsayi ; an a.
happened to him sababi ya
same shi. acclamation, n. guda. See
shout, accompany, tr. v. raka, raki, 1—2
accompanying
accustom
rake, yin rakiya, chi ma,
I will a. thee za ni tare
da kai. accompanying, act of, n.
rakiya (S.), rako (K.). accomplish, v. iyas, iyas da,
kare, chika, gama, yi. accomplished, particip., see
finished, accord, to a. with yin haki
daya, yin kdma da. according as, adv. particle
kdma da, kctman da, kanda,
tamkan da, tamkar da, tam-
kad da, yadda. accordingly, see therefore, accouchement, jego, account, n. 1. lisafi, lesafi,
kidaya, kida, kididiga : to
render an a. yin lisafi, yin
kidaya, to take a. of zdna.
2. fig. e.g. he held of no a. ha ya kula or ha ya yi kula constr. with da or ga.
3. (narration) lahari, to give an a. hada, ha or gaya lahari ; I will give you an a. of the war zan gaya ma ka laharin yaki.
account, on a. of, prep, sd- ha da, sdhad da, sdho da*, a Msa, don, domin, e.g. on a, of this sdhad da wan- nan, on a. of what? where- fore? don mi, dommi, or domi.
accoutred, one who is a. mai-daurin jiki.
accoutrements, i.e. arms, etc. kayan ddga, kayan yaki.
accrue, v. 1. (of gain) see profit.
2. (happen, en%ue) faru.
accumulate, see gather.
accurate, adj. and adv. na- kwarai, fern, ta-kwarai, dai- dai, sosai ; to be a. yin daidai.
accursed, adj., e.g. it is ac- cursed ya yi la!ana.
accusation, n. sara, ahin sara, rada*, kdra ; false a. rinto, kage.
accuse, v. sare, sara, kai kdra (lit. bring an accusation, constr. with ga), e.g. they a. this man s^m kai kdra ga mutuTTien nan, kaga ma*.
accuser, n. mai-sara, pi. masu- sara, mai-kawon kdra, dan- kara, mai-kara.
accustom, v. 1. to be accus- tomed saha, e.g. I am accus- tomed to this na saha da wannan, domestic animals are accustomed to men, hisashen gida sun saha da mutane.
2. (to be wont, used) employ the verbal form with kan, e.g. he was accustomed to do thus shi kan yi haka.
ache
adhere
3. tr. I accustomed him to this food na sa shi shi saba da ahinchi'ii nan.
ache, n. chiwo ; I have a head- ache na ji (or 7ia yi) chiwon kai.
achieve, v. aikata, samo*, yi, see accomplish.
acid, adj. da tsami, da tsamiya, da yami.
acidity, n. tsami, tsamiya, yccmi.
acknowledge, see confess.
acquaint, tr. v. (i.e. tell, inform of) gaya,fadi, sanas da, sanan da, sanar da, sanashe.
acquaintance, an, n. masani, pi. masana ; he is no a. of mine, I am not acquainted with him ha shi ne m^asanina ban san shi ba.
acquainted with, 1. see prec. 2. (versed in) ; see ac- custom 1.
acquiesce, v. yarda ; I a. in this na yarda wannan.
acquiescence, yarji.
acquit, v. (used of a judge) chechi, bada gaskiya ; to be
. acquitted barra, kubuta.
acrid, see acid.
acrobat, danfoto.
across, prep. 1. e.g. a. the sea ketaren (or daga ketaren) gidbi.
2. (beyond) bayan.
act, n. aiki; phr. a bad a. mugunta, mugun aiki; a good or kind a. alheri.
act, to aikata, yi.
active, karsani^.
actually, adv. hakika, da gas- kiya, ko ; the last is emphatic (=even), e.g. this man a. surpasses a lion in strength m/uitumen nan ya Ji ko zaki karijl.
Adansonia digitata (the baobab or monkey-bread tree), kuka.
add, tr. V. kdra, jimilla.
adder, puff-a. kasa.
addicted, to be a. to fay e, e.g. the boys are a. to (or fond of) play yara suna /aye yin wargi.
addition, in a. to bam da, ban da.
address, to a. to, v. ambata, ambache.
adduce, tr. v., e.g. to a. testimony kai (or kawo) shaida.
adept, n. gwani, pi, gwanaye ', he is an a. at... shi ne gwani na... ; also ya saba da...
adhere, to a. to, v. rike, daje, like, lazum,che, lazumta^ na- na, nane, the last is used of things stuck together with gum etc. ; those who a. to the commandments of God
adhering
6
affair
masu-riken hakumtai na
Allah. adhering, n. nani. adhesive, adj. mai-yauki. adieu, inter j. sai wata rana ;
a. for the present sai anjima,
a. till to-morrow sai gohe, adjoin, intr.v. kusata, kusanta,
kusache, yin kusa. adjure, v., I a. thee by God na
gama ka da Allah. administer, tr. v. (to give to,
e.g. medicine) ha^ bada; to a.
justice or law yin shari'a; to
a. government, cf. mallaka,
hakumta ; an administrator
of law and justice marahan
shari^a da gaskiya. admit, tr. v. 1. I admitted him,
periph. na bar shi shi shiga. 2. to a., e.g. error, guilt etc.,
see confess, admonish, see warn, adoption, n. yanchi. adoptive, a. -father uban rana. adorn, tr. v. gyarta. adorned, adj. gyartache, fern.
gyartata, pi. gyartattu. adornment, n. sha'awa, ado,
the last used of trinkets, etc.,
also of dress. adulteration, algus, algusu,
tsirariya, tsinariya, hdinchi. adulterer, n. kwarto, fem. kwa/rtuwa, mazinachi, mazi- nanchi, mai-zina.
adulteress, n. onaziriachiya, mazinanchiya, farka, falka, fasika.
adultery, n. zina, kwartonchi, zamba^.
advance, intr. v. yin gdba, to get in a. of chin gaba, riga, rigaya, rigayi, e.g. he outran us ya riga mu.
advantage, n. anfani ; of no a. babu anfani,
advantageous, adj. da anfani, mai-anfani.
adversary, n. makiyi, pi. ma- kiya, abokin-gaba, mai-kin-ji.
advice, n. dahara, dubara, dibara (S.), shawara, my a. is abin da na gani.
advisable, adj. see advan- tageous.
advise, v. yin dabara.
advocate, n. (helper, defender) mai-taimako.
afar, adv. nesa, ddga nesa, e.g. I saw him from a. na hange shi ddga nesa.
affair, n. abu, abin, pi. abubuwa, shalani, shdgali, e.g. a sad a. mugun abu, abin mugu ; avoid deceit and falsehood in your affairs a bar (or bari) tsalumchi da kariya ga abu- buwanka ; aVamari, e.g. a wonderful affair aVamaringa ; the affairs (= the vicissitudes or changes) of this world
affect
agent
aVamarin duniya] zamanchi, zamaii.e. condition of affairs), e.g. how are affairs with you in the city % ina zaman gari 1 ans. we have reason to be thankful for the condition of affairs zaman gari da godiya.
affect, to sdbe', the heat of the fire affected her wuta ta sahe ta.
affection, see love.
affinity, (by marriage) sur- kunta.
affiict, tr. V. yin wahala.
afflicted, adj. (one who endures affliction and toil) mai-wa- hala, pi. masu-wahala,
affliction, n. wahala, masiba, matsuwa, see pain.
affright, 1. n. tsoro.
2. tr. V. bada tsoro, tsorata.
afoot, adv. a kafa, da kafa.
afraid, adj. I am a, na tun- zera, or na firgita ; he made him a. ya ba shi tsoro ; to be a. ji7i tsoro.
afresh, adv., see again.
after, 1. prep, bay a, bay an, baya ga.
2. adj. na-baya, fem. ta- baya.
afternoon, n. la'asar, see under rana.
afterwards, adv. (after this) bayan wannan, bayan haka.
again, kuma, haryo, har yau,
na sdbo, ddda, dai, de ; the v. kara (add), e.g. I did not do so a. ban kara yin haka; a and a. (i.e. repeatedly) mai- maiche ; go again ka sake tafiya,
against, prep, gaba ga, ga ; to stumble a. tuntube da ; a. his will (perforce) da tilas.
agate, a brooch of talhatina.
age, n. 1. (period or time) yayi, e.g. in the a. of the prophet da yayin annabi.
2. (time that a person has lived) shekara or pi. shekaru, e.g. what is your a. % shekarunka nawa% or shekara nawa kana da rai ? or shekara nawa tun haijuwarka ? I am eighteen years of a. shekarata ishirin biyu babu.
aged, adj. 1. (of a certain age), see prec. 2.
2. (advanced in years) tsofo, fem. tsofuiva, pi. tsojffi, tsofaffi, or tsojoffi ; he is a. yayinsa ya tvuche, lit. his time is past ; see old.
agent, n. naiibi* ; nouns de- noting the a. may be formed from verbs, substantives or adjectives by prefixing mai or ma, e.g. gudu to run, mai-gudu a fugitive, sassaka to smooth wood, masassaki a carpenter ; for further
aggressor
8
alike
illustrations see under mai and ma.
aggressor, to be an harzuka.
agitate, tr. v., see shake.
ago, adv. tun, tun da, e.g. this was written twelve days a. kwaua ska hiyu tun da wan- nan an ruhuta shi; long a. da, lokachin da, tun dadewa, da wuri, dauri, tuntuni. See age 2.
agree, v. gama, gamu, yardd, yarje, yin haki daya, sddu, jito, jeto, damre magana ;
. my friend and I a. exactly da ni da abokina 7nu ne tangas; he agreed with you ya yarda ma ka; agreed to
agreeable, adj. 1. (pleasant) da dadi, dadi, daidai, dede.
2. (willing), e.g. if you are a. in (or idan) ka yarda, in ka (or kana) so.
agreement, n. sulhu, sulfu, sulha*, yardi, yarji ; a trade a. sallama; to make an a., see agree ; a. to work for a certain sum sharadi.
ague, n., see fever.
ahead, adv. gaba.
aid, tr. v. taya, yin taimako, tanya, tanyo, koro sauki.
aid, n. taim,ako, taimakawa, sauki; (a helper) mai-tai- mako.
ail, v., e.g. what ails you? mi ya same ka 1
ailment, n., see sickness.
aim, (point aimed at) bar a', to aim at, yin bara, barata, barache, bartaka, nuna, nuno.
aimless, a. toil aikin hanza.
ainhum, n., i.e. a disease of the little toe, hamhudiga, mage- duwa; cf. also kudumbiya a disease which may affect all the toes.
air, n. iska, hiska ; shan iska is the Hausa idiom for to take a walk, e.g. let us take a walk to enjoy the air mu yi yawo garin shan iska.
air, v. kekashe, see to dry.
ajar, to put a door a. say a kofa.
akimbo, put your arms a. chi dununka da hannu.
alarm, to yin ruba, see frighten.
alarm, n. yagatu (K.).
alas, inter j. kaito, (S.) kaicho, (K.) kaitaro, wai, wai niya, tir, ashslia.
albino, n. zabiya.
alien, n. bare*-, see also stranger.
alienate, to a. a person kan- gara da.
alight, intr. v. sabka, safka, sapka, sauka, soka, sabki, sapki, shida, shide, jida.
alike, adj. daidai, suwa-suwa.
alive
although
tangan/i, tmiyas, sakke (S.) ; they are all a. duka daya ne, suparsu (or sifassu) daya, or sun yi tangatn da juna.
alive, adj. da rai ; to keep a. ray a, e.g. may God preserve us a. Allah shi ray a mu.
all, adj. duka, duk, dukanta, jama^a; a. together tarsashi, tararre, fern, tararra, pi. tararru ; a. of you dukanku, tarinku ; a. men mutant duka or dnkan mutane \ all (i.e. total) dokachi ; all (i.e. every- thing) dokachin komi.
Allah, by wallah, wallahi
allay, tr. Y.futas da, kwantas da.
allegory, n. misali, michali*, ahnara.
alliance, n. gdya.
alligator, n. kdda, kddo, pi. kd- dodi, kaduna, or kadunduna.
allow, tr. V. hari, bar, yarda ; e.g. let me depart bar ni in tafi, if you a. we will do so in ka yarda za mu yi hdka, a. me ha ni yarji.
alloy, n. ha'inchi ; unalloyed babu ha'inchi, saji.
allure, tr. v. rude.
almighty, adj. mai-iko da kowa, mai-iyawa.
almond, n. chanza^.
almost, adv. kilsa; it is a. finished ya yi kUsan kare or ya kusa karewa.
i alms, n. sadaka, zakka,kurdin I gurasa, kono* (K.), alms- j giving, n. sadaka. aloe, (Aloe zebrina) zabo. alone,. adv. kadai, kawai, abin followed by a personal pro- noun, thus, he a. abinshi, I a. ni dayana or ni kadai, leave him a. bar shi day ansa ; they a. dayansu ; a state of being a. kadaichi, to be left a. waiwai. alongside, daura, daba.ra, da- ■ bra, or followed by da as a I prep., e.g. they stood side by I side su tsaya daura da juna. j aloof, to keep a. from nesanchi, I nisanchi. ! aloofness, nisanta. alphabet, n. abajada, letter of the a. haraji, pi. haruffa. j already, adv. na da, dazu, j wuri, dauri, tun da wuri ; he j is gone a. ya rigaya ya tafi. I also, adv. kuwa, kau (S.), kawa (S. ) ; usually placed after that which it connects ; haryo^, har yau. alter, v. 1. tr. sake, saki, sauya, niusaya.
2. intr. sauya, altercation, haya-haya, har-
gowa, hayaniya, tankiya. altered, particip. adj. sauyaye, fem. sauyayya, pi. sauyayyu. although, adv. ko, ko da.
altogether
10
annoy
altogether, adv. haki daya, cf . faujfofo*, also /aye a,nd fi.
always, adv. koyaushe, kul- yaushe, tutur, tutul, kullutn, da kulluni, yini*, chikin ko- wanne yayi*, judu*, to con- tinue a. tuturta.
am, v., see be.
Amaranthus (native spinach), alayafu, zakin hanza.
amazed, to be yin mamaki, jin TYiamaki, jin damuwa.
amble, n. , of a liorse tdkama ; a horse which ambles doki mai-takama.
ambuscade, n., see seq.
ambush, n. kwanto, hdgo,fako, mar ay a; to set an a. yin fako; to lie in a. lobe (S.), robe (K), place of or for an a. mafaka.
amen, amin*.
amidst, prep, tsdka^ tsdkan, tsdkanin.
amount, large, n. chushe ; see quantity.
amulet, talili, see charm.
amuse, tr. v. bada (or sa) murna.
ancestor, n. kdka; ancestors kakan7ii.
ancestry, see under ba.
and, conj. da, wa*.
angel, n. malaika, pi. malaiku.
anger, n. fushi pronounced fhushi, haushi, kankanchi,
kuna, takaichi, zauta, zajm rai, bijira (S.), kumchin zu- chiya.
angle, n. kusuruwa.
angry, to be, v. yin fushi, fusata, yin tsiwa ; to be a. with harzuka ga, hasdla ga, chichika, yin chichika, takaita, jin takaichi; he feels a. yana jin haushi.
angry, adj. da fushi; one who is a. mai-fushi.
anguish, n. azaba, zogi.
angular, mai-kusuruwa.
animal, n. bisd, pi. bisashe or bisaje, dabba; domestic ani- mals bisashen gida, wild animals bisashen daji, abin daji or naman daji, pi. na- 7nun daji.
animosity, n., see hate.
ankle, n. idon kafa, idon sawu (or sau), pi. ijiyan sawu, or ijiyar sawu, or ijiyas sawu ; a. bone dombubu, or dam- bubu.
announce, tr. v. gaya, fadi, labarta; to a. as a herald does the coming of some one gabato.
annoy, tr. v. dame, ddma, fUina, hayydta, tayas, wa- halda, wahalshe, sa wahala, aVale ; sawarwara, dawai- niyasda, tozarta, I am not to be annoyed ba ni damuwa.
annoyance
11
ant-hill
annoyance, n. tvahala, sawar- loari, takaichi, see anger.
anoint, e.g. with oil or water, tr. V. shd/a, shafe, yin shafa.
anointing, n. shafa.
anon, adv. sai an jima, jima kadan.
another, pron. wani, fem. wata, pi. wasu or wadansu; often rendered with kuma, e.g. ivani kuma.
answer, n. amsa, amshe, am- sawa, jawdbi, karbawa.
answer, v. amsa, yin amsa, to give an a. kdda hdki, karha tnagana ; I answered him na mayas masa da magana.
ant, n. different species are : small stinging a. farmani, tirmani, kwankvmmhishi ; small black a. chinnaka or chirnaka or tum,a da gay a ; driver a. kwalkwasa, kwar- kwasa ; the stink a. gwana, gwano, geno ; a red travel- ling a. makwaiwa; harvest- ing a. tururuwa ; very small black a. kudaji, kudahi (S.); a red biting a kumo ; an a. which feeds on honey sha- zumami; small red a. kiyashi; white ants(i.e. termites)M^o, fem. gar a, gaira, pi. gdrani, sansamiya; the white a. in the winged stage shinge, gina; gara is also used of ants
generally ; an a. with a large abdomen maidauro a gato ; a reddish biting ant ba-fula- tana.
ant-bear, see ant-eater.
ant-eater, the great a. or ant- bear, dapgi, dabgi, dubgij daugi.
antelope. The following are some of the antelopes found in Hausaland. Senegal or red-fronted gazelle, barewa, pi. bareyi; Dorcas gazelle farin baretva; the roan a. (Hippotragus equinus) gwan- ki, gwamki (S.) ; the W. African hartebeeste kanki, pi. kanoki] oryx m.ariri, ma^ 7'ili ; BufFon's red cob a. m,areya ; Addra or red-necked gazelle mai-farin gindi ; a Senegal hartebeeste (Dama- liscus korrigum) ddri ; the oribi a. batsiya ; the red- flanked duiker makurna ; the ' crowned duiker ' gada ; klip- springer gadar dutsi; the water buck (Cobus defassus unctuosus) gwambaza, gwan- zama, ambache, dodoka; reed buck kwantarafl, kaji; bush buck mazo; a. leucoryx wal- waji ; an old solitary a. kishi- mi ; see also matso, karoM- goda. ant-hill, n. suri, pi. suwura,
anticipate
12
apron
sura, jiba, juha ; kunku-
wa. anticipate, v. tsaitse, e.g. I
anticipated him na tsaitse
shi ; wada*. anticipation, zdto. antimony, n. kwalli, tozali ;
small skin bottle for holding
a. tandun tozali, gidan kwalli ;
a stick used for applying a.
mashiyi, masayi. anus, diwa, tsuli, tsuliya, kar-
kashi*, shakira, inurda, mu-
riya. anvil, n. makera. anxiety, n. machiyata, niata-
Ttiache, mamdbi. any, adj. kowanne, fern, kowor
che, pi. kowddanne. anyhow, indef. pronl. adv. ko
kaka. anyone, indef. pron. kowa, ko-
wanene, fem. koiva, kowa-
cheche. anything, indef. pron. komi,
kome; not a., nothing bahu
komi, ba koyni. anywhere, indef. pronl. adv.
kdina. apart from, adv. banda, bam-
da, dabam dabam. apartment, n. (room) daki, pi.
dakuna. apex (of house, etc.), ka7i daki. apostatize (from Islam), rin- da, ridda.
apparatus, n. kaya, pi. kaya- yeki, or kayaryeki.
appear, intr. v. baydna, bai- ydna, givadu,
appearance, n.Mma, pi. kdmd- nu, or kamannu (S.), hala- mu*, wato*, watau*.
appease, tr. v. lallaski, lillashi, sdda.
appetite, n.kwadai*, kwadayi*.
apple, Akee a. alele; balsam a. garafuni ; wild custard a. gwandardaji; hairy thorn a. zakami; Dead Sea or Sodom a. tumfajiya.
appoint, tr. v. (to order, used of God) kadarta ; (to select for an office) zaba, zabe ; ap- pointed zababbe, fem. za- babba, pi. zababbu.
apportion, to yin fasali.
approach, intr. v. nache, yin kusa, doshi, dosa, see near.
approval, sale on chinikin shawara.
approve of, v. yardd ; approved of, adj. yardadde, fem. yar- dadda, pi. yardaddu, tdbor tache, fem. tdbatachiya, e.g. magana tdbatachiya ap- proved, i.e. true words ; he approves o. hankali ya ktvan- ta da.
apricot, a tree with fruit like a • wild a., n. tsada* ; see plum.
apron, n. bante, banche, pi.
Arab
13
arrow
hantunaj kudu; a woman's
a. darazau. Arab, n. ba-ture, pi. turawa;
an A. ba-Larabe, pi. Lara-
bawa; the Arabic language
Arabiyya, larabchi. arch, (used in building) kafo-
fin guga (S.), masharuwa* . arched, an arched roof dam-
ren-guga, dauren-guga, ma-
sha-ruwa*. are, v. ne^ che^ ke; phr. there
a. ina, akwai; there a. to
me, i.e. I have sun yi ma ni,
a yi ma ni; there a. many
ina da su dayawa. argument, jiyeya*, jiyaiyya*. aright, to direct a. daidaita. arise, intr. v. falka^ tashi, taso,
tsira, tsire, tsiro, or chira,
chire, chiro. arithmetic, hisabi (S.). arm, n. 1. (from the wrist to
the elbow) damchi, damtse,
pi. damasa; the forearm gdba;
to hold up at arm's length
daga; a man with a bent
a. mai-laushi, mai-lauje, mai-
kwarda.
2. arm (i.e. weapon), see
arms, armhole, n. ha^nata, pi. ha-
matu, hamatta, hamutta. annlet, n, gen. kwandage, a.
made of metal karafa ; a.
made of natron kdrau, kdro,
pi. ka7'aurawa, ungurnu ; a.
made of plaited grass, worn
by children darambuwa; a.
made of leather and wood
daga. armour, n. chain or iron a.
sulke, saba; a hoi'seman's a.
kumakumi. annpit, n. hamata, pi. hamatu,
hamatta, or hamutta. arms, coll. (weapons, etc.) ma-
kami ; battle a. kayan daga,
kayan yaki. army, dako (S.) ; the centre
of an a. uwar yaki. around, adv. kewaye, gewaye,
prep, ketvayen, gewayen. arouse, tr. v. tada, tashe, tayas,
tayas da, falkad da. arrange, tr. v. gyara; to a.
the hair (i.e. to comb or
dress the hair) gyarta, shata,
shache. arranged, adj. shiriyayye, fem.
shiriyayya, pi. shiriyayyu ;
gyartache*. arrangement, (contract) wa-
habi, sharadi. arrive at, v. isa, iso, sadu. arrogance, n.foma, homa. arrogant, n. one who is a. mai-
foma, pi. m^asu-foma, mai-
homa, pi. masu-homa. arrow, n. kibiya. pi. kibau,
kulere, gora, pi. gororo, or
gorina ; bow and arrows
art
14
assembly
bakan kihiya ; a. head fasa, pdsa; a, projecting from quiver zagiya ; barbs on an a. kdlemu (K.), a quiver for arrows kwariu kibiya; special names of a. poison are tumia or tinia^ kwankwa- ni, sainya*, tu7'urubi, uwar magunguna, womagunguna, zabgai, zabo, utval dafi, gen. dafi; e.g. they (the arrows) are poisoned suna da dafi. Ingredients for making arrow poison are obtained from many different plants. Arrows are made from the reed-like plants, e.g. kyamro, kyamru, kyarnare, sheme, gazara, san- sari ; a. notch gofi.
art, n. gwani.
article, the definite a. n, see the ; the indefinite a., see a.
as, adv. kcima, yadda, ydda, kauda, ya*^ yi* ; a. before kdma ta da or kdma na da; even a. kdrnar yadda.
ascend, v. shirga, hawa, hau, constr. with bisa or bisa ga ; e.g. he ascended the hill ya hau bisa tudu.
asceticism, gudun-duniya^ tsantsani, tsintseni.
Asclepias gigantea, n. tum- fafiya, pi. tumfafi.
asham.ed, to be, intr. v. Jm kumya, jin kunya.
ashes, n. toka, pi. tokuna, habdi (S.); hot a. rufushi, rubshi, habdi (S.).
aside, e.g. I turn a. from the path ina ratsewa ddga bisa hanya ; a baya^ ga bay a*.
ask, V. roka, roko^ yin tam- baya ; one who asks mai- tambaya; to a. of or from roko, roka.
asking, roko, continued a., n. kokanto.
ass, n. jdk% fem. jdka^ or jd- kanya^ pi. jdkai, or jdkicna, dsuwa; danbakuru, Tnatuwa; large male a. bingi, a cas- trated ass aguru ; diff. species have the foil, names ; a. with red body jimrau ; a. with black mouth gofo, red a. aura, reddish brown a. idu- bar, tawny a. oraki and dan oraki ; large black a. jaba ; white a. mugo, shawu (S.) ; a spec, of wild a. shiyaki ; a pad for an ass akumari, le- /eru,ip\. leferai; la/ero,laheru.
assault, n. (as in war) falmaki, farmaki, firmaki.
assemble, v. gayya, gayyata, tar a, intr. tdru.
assembled, to be taru, par- ticip. tarare.
assembly, n. gayya, aVumma ; royal assembly-room /age, dandali.
assent
15
attention
assent, v. kdda kai, gyada kai ; assent is very frequently expr. by kyau as in the phr. da kyau.
assess, to kimanta, aza ma.
assimilate, they will not a. ha su haduwa.
assist, tr, V. taya^ tamaya, tai- maka., taimaki, yin taimako, yin shalli.
assistance, n. tamayi, taimako, tai'tnakawa, shalli, sauki ; a. in war gudummawa ; he called for a. ya huga gdyya.
assurance, tahhas.
assure, to a. a person of the reality of anything gaskata or gaskanta.
assured, to be a. of (to feel sure) tahhata, tdhatta, tdh- hache, cf. seq.
assuredly, adv. da gaskiya, habu shakka, Idhudda, hahu wawa,faufau ; he is a. there ya tahbata nan ; he is a. a heathen ko tahhata kafiri ne.
asthma, n.fuka, see breath.
astonished, to be, v. jin da- muwa, jin mamaki, yin ma- maki.
astonishment, n. damuwa, exclamations expressing as- tonishment haha, gdsara^.
astray, to go hakita (S.).
astringent medicine, n. ma- gani mai-kama chiki.
astrologer, to act as an zuha tamrarai,
at, prep, a, e.g. a vniri chan at that place ; often prefixed to gave, ch%ki7i and hisa ; ga [gare with pronouns), e.g. ga gida at home ; ddga, e.g. shi ne ddga nan he is at that spot, i.e. he is there; gun*, e.g. gun chan = a wu7'i chan.
atmosphere, n. duniya.
attack, n. farmaki, falm^aki, firmaki ; a feint or pretended a. zanzom,a.
attack, to girsa, girshe, mama, mami.
attain, to a. to same, samu, kai.
attempt, v. yin kokari, tdga.
attempt, n. kokari.
attend, to a. to (to look care- fully into) hcra ; to listen to ji, saura7'a, dadddra ; see attention (2).
attendant, n., an a. on one sick majinyata ; the attendants of a king fadawa.
attention, 1. n. (serious thought) hankida, hankali ; ruwa, e.g. it is no matter worth my a. ha or hahu ruwana.
2. to pay a. to tuna,
constr. with da, maida hiin-
I ma ; to give a. to what is
I said ji, saura^-a ; give a. with
your ears (incline your ears
i to) ka kakartsa kunnuiva.
attentively
16
back
attentively, to look at a. tso-
kachi. attest, V. shaida, yin shaida,
kai shaida. attested, particip. adj. shai-
dadde, fern, shaidadda, pi.
shaidaddu. auction, gwanjo*. auger-beetle, gunda, yumda. augment, tr. and intr. v. ddda. aunt, n. gwaggwo, a. on the
mother's side rafaniya. authority, n. iko, pi. ikoki, ikon-
taka, alfarma*,&, person in a.
mahakumchi, mahitkumchi. avarice, n. zargi, zalimi, za-
lumij rowa, roivwa, mdda,
madda. avaricious, adj. mairowa, da
mdda. avaricious, to be yin zalumchi. avenge, tr. v. rdma, sdka. avenger, mai-rama. average (adj .), tsdka-tsdka^
madaidaichij pi. madaidaita. avoid, V. kalmdsa^ kalmashe,
haudij waske, zdge, cf . a thing
to be avoided abokin kiyeye. avoidance, i.e. of a missile, etc.
gochiya, guchiya, waskiya. await, to wait for one jira,
jirache, jinkirta. awake, intr. v. farka, falka \
awaking falkawa; a start
or exclamation on awaking
Jirgigi *.
awaken, to tdsad da,/alkad da.
away, to get a. (escape) Jichi, Jiche.
away, adv. phr. a. with him yi da shi.
awkward, shallali.
axe, n. gatari ; a. for cutting stones dundurusu; a. for cutting grass gizago, gisago ; a. with broad blade baran- dami, tsitaka ; battle a. gd- fiya, gita (K.), walwada, war- wada ; the point of an a. head which projects through the handle suga (S.).
axe-handle, n. bota (K.), kota.
babbling, n. rawatsa.
baboon, n. bika, pi. bikoka, gogo, yimki (K.).
baby, n. jarlri, jarlli, yarili, jinjiri.
bachelor, n. gwabro, gwauro, gauro, gwamro, balaguro* ; namiji da shara, lit. one who has to sweep his own dwell- ing.
back, n. bay a, janfi*^ hence badajanji to put to flight ; to turn the b. bada bay a ; phr. on the b. rigingine, on the b. of reran-, to be hollow backed gantsarwa,
back, e.g. to come b. komo ; to go b. koma ; to move b., intr. V. gusaj gulgusa, gurgusa.
backbite
backbite, tr. v. chim haya. backbiting, tsegumi, tsogumi. backbone, n. tsatso, tsotso, ka-
shin tsatso. backward, adv. (on the back)
rigifigine. backwards, adv. baibai, e.g. they walked b. su ka tafi baibai. bad, adj. mugu, fern, mugunya, pi. miydgu; mamuna, mum- muna*; used of corn tsadari ; b. man dan duniya-, the expr. fariko 6aK often = good or bad. bad, to go b. ridm, riba, as meat or fruit; to render b., to spoil rubachi. badger, n. takas. badness, n. mugunta. baft, grey b. akoko; see cloth, bag, n., a small b. aljiji, aljiju, pi. aljifaye or aljifai; b. made of grass with narrow opening ashasha; b. for cowries birgami, burgami, burgame (S.); woman's b. made of grass burma, burima; small b. for carrying salt chukurfa; b. of feminine luggage /ago* or pago'^ ; leathern b. for camels, etc. gurara; large skin b. for cowries jikka, pi jikkuna, or jikkoki, kyankyandi ; b. hold- ing 20,000 cowries kwaroro ; very small b. rarita, lalita* ;
R. H. D.
17
bakemeat
long, narrow salt-b. lange ; a leathern pouch used by barbers etc. zabira ; skin b. or bottle salka, pi. salkuna; small leathern or grass b. sarita; large b. for holding rice siibolo, saido ; a small leathern b. kumaro, komaro, tdnwara(K.); a large leathern b. mala, pi. malalaki ; a b. made from tukuruwa leaves tddali ; leathern narrow- mouthed b. sidkumi (S.), sur- kumi (K.); large skin b. taiki, pi. taika, tayukka, or taikuna, buhu (Z.)j small goat-skin water-b. tandawa- ra; small provision-b. tan- wara ; leathern bag closed by two strings pulled in op- posite directions alagtvami; a money-b. made of skin or cloth tsaleta, salita. baggage, n. kaya, pi. kayayeki;
see goods, bail, see surety, bake, tr. v. tuya, toya, gdsa, the latter also spec, used of baking bread, e.g. ya gdsa gurasa; baked (i.e. fully baked = the Engl, colloquial 'done') ninanne (S.), nu- nanne (K.), pi. nenannu or nunannw, (cooked) toyayye, tuyayye. bakemeat, tuya, pi. toye-toye. 2
balance
18
bargain
balance, n. a pair of scales maauna, maauni, mazani, mizani ; ahin aivo.
balance, v., to b. a load on the head digirgire.
Balanites aegyptiaca, n. aduwa.
bald, adj. mai-kora, mai-saiko, mai-sanko, mai-kwambe.
baldness, n. kora, saiko (S.), sanko (K.), kundumi, kun- dimi, kundumin kai ; cf . prec.
bale, of goods Juguma, hu- guma ; see load.
ball, n. makodi^, kwdlo, mul- mule; a small b. dan kodi; b. or brick made of mud tuhali ; b. of the eye kwayan ido ; (bullet) harsa, harsashi ; to roll into a b. dunkula, kudundune.
ballad, n. waka.
bamboo, a sort of, n. gora, kwangi*.
banana, n. the b. tree, or fruit ayaba.
band, n. 1 . (company or gather- ing) taro or taru, pi. tarori.
2. (strip for binding) cf. seq., a leathern band worn round the neck goli (S.).
bandage of any kind, n. ra- wani, pi. rawunna.
bandit, n. mai-fashe, pi. masu- fashe.
bandy-legged, adj. gwami,
mai-gwami, chassa (K.), tar- koshi (S.).
bang, an exclamation ^907?2, pam.
bangle, for wrist kdrau, kdr- karau, munduwa, Tnanduwa, pi. mundaye, mandaye.
bank, n. (-edge or margin) ba.ki, gdba, gachi ; b. of a river gefe, bdkin ruwa, gachi, gdba, refe.
banner, n., see flag.
baobab (Adansonia digitata), n. kuka, pi. kukoki; fruit of the b. tree kwame (S.).
bar, n. (a rod or stick of wood, iron, etc.) sanda, pi. sanduna; a b. of iron sanda ta karife ; b. used to close a doorway gagara-bado.
barbarians, n. 1. (of men in a rude, uncivilised state) 6ai6ai, baibaya, baibayi, or baubawa (S.).
2. (cruel) da muni.
barbarity, n. (cruelty) muni.
barbarous, see barbarians.
barber, n. wanzami, pi. wan- zamu, wanzamai; a hair- dresser is mai-kitso.
barbs, on an arrow M^emw (K.), kun-nuwan kibiya.
bare, see naked.
bareness, n. wofi.
bargain, n. (bargaining) chini- ki, tdyi ; a discussion before making a b. alwdshi; the
bargain
19
basket
conclusion of a b. yardaje- niya; to haggle over a b. yin chiniki ; to make an offer in bargaining, see seq. ; a b. (cheap) da araha, da arha; into the b. (= besides, as well) handa wannan. bargain, v. tdya, tayi, yin
tayi, yin chiniki. bark, n. (of a tree) fata, pdta,
hawon itache. bark, tr. v. (to strip off b.)
kware, kwari. bark, intr. v. (of dogs, etc.) yin hafshi, yin hapshi, yin hahshi, yin haushi, yage. barking, n. (of dogs, etc.)
hafshi, hahshi, haushi. barley, n. sha'air. barn, n. rumbu, ra/oniya,
rujbgo. barrel of a gun, n. baki; a double-barrelled gun bindiga mai-baki biyu. barren, adj. (used of the female sex) karara, bakarariya, ma- tauriya ; (used of a sheep or goat which has not had young) kazgainya; a b., or fallow, Held sabra, sabara, sau7'a, tsandauri. barrenness, n. (of woman, etc.) tauriya, rashinhaifuiva. barricade, n. kdgara, kega- ruwa, pi. kcigaru, gagara- bado.
barrier, n. kdfi.
barter, n. chiniki, sdrafi, tdyi, furfure, sdrafa, rangama.
barter, to sdrafa, yin chiniki, tdya, yin tdyi; see bargain.
base, adj. (of low worth) banza.
base, n. 1. (lowest part or bottom of anything) kalkashi, karkashi.
2. (= support or founda- tion of anything) gutsu, or guzu*, which is used physi- cally and also figuratively; gindi, tushe.
bashful, adj., see seq.
bashfulness, n. kumya or kunya; to feel bashful jin kumya, e.g. v/hen asking you for this, I felt bashful da na roke ka wannan na ji kumya.
basil, wild b. daidoya (K.), dodoya (S.).
basin, n. kwachiya, gwangwan, a metal b. ddro.
basket, n., a large b. for salt etc. adila or adilak kaya ; large b. or pannier made of grass gufa, gufata, kantalma; a b. made of palm fibre lefe ; a small grass b. used in mak- ing bread marari; a large grass b. sayifo or samfo, pi. sanfuna ; kwando ; a b. used as a strainer kindi, pi. kin- dodi, marari] a small b. used by women kwatashi, 2—2
bastard
20
bead
taskira, tazkira ; a b. used in fishing sum; a b. full of com totsiya. See under bag.
bastard, adj. sliege, fern, shegi- ya, pi. shegu, dan farka, dan nema.
bat, n. tattapara, hirhiri, rugi, tsabilbila, yabirbira, kanen jemdge; a large-sized fruit b. jemdge.
bathe, to kurma, kuruma.
bathing, kurme.
battle, n. fama, fada, gdba, yaki, the latter is also the proper word for war, q.v.; b.- field ddga.
battle, to draw up in line of b. ja ddga.
battlefield, n. kanganfada.
bawl, n. yin kuka, yin ufu.
bdellium, African b. dasld.
be, V. 1. ne with masc. subject, che with fern, subj., ke with either ; they may follow the subj. but are often found at the end of their clause ; e.g. he is truthful shi mutura mai-gaskiya ne ; she is very beautiful ita kyakkyawa che ; both of them are old su biyic tsofi su ke ; the above chiefly express the simple copula, but see below (3).
2. kashi, kashe, kasanche, used where emphasis is laid on the fact or continuance
of existence; they are fre- quently used in written, but seldom in colloquial Hausa.
3. akwai (sometimes pro- nounced akwoi), implying real existence, there is, there are, there was, there were, e.g. are there elephants in this town? akwai giwaye a garinga? ans. there are ak- wai : ke is often found with nan in this sense, e.g. there was a certain jerboa ivani kurege ke nan — akwai wani kurege.
4. na (masc), ta (fem.), are sometimes used in place of the substantive verb, e.g. the men are doing so inutane na yin hdka^ the horses are running away dawaki na g2cdu ; for this use of na see H. Diet. I. p. 273.
bead, n., beads chasbi, chasba- ha ; a large white b. in a set of black aldma, pi. alo.momi ; round blue b. galan kumburi; a large white seed used as a b. gimba, pi. gimbai ; a large (Phoenician) b. dilari ; a small red b. rigigi ; a red coral b. bajumba; a blue cylindrical b. worn by women samfalwa; redheads dimbujin zu/a, dumbaji, jinin kajiri; beads made from black seeds
bead-tree
kantururuwa ; necklace of hea.dBkutofi; beads worn round the neck by women tagode; string of beads worn round loins kwatana ; pearls or red beads murjan, murjani; large red b. murjanin tudu, rigigi (S. ), rikiki ; prayer beads tashi, pi. tasbai; a woman's girdle of beads kwatana, tsdkuwa. bead-tree, kuman nasara. beak, n. koto, hakin tsuntsuwa,
gehe *. beam, n., b. above door alma- ndni ; a cross b. kuba ; b. or post stuck in the ground to
support a roof dirka, jigo, pi.
jigu7ia; b. for pumping water
jtgo, kutdra. beam, of light giraza, girazal
rana. bean, n. wake, pi. wakoki or
wakaikai; red edible b.
tsarariya, tsurariya (K.),
kwama (S.) ; small b. komo ;
mahogany b. kawo ; sword b.
barankachi; yam b. girigiri;
beans ground up and cooked
in water tubdni, tabdni, tu-
buni; a species of large b. zako. bear, 1. (to carry) kai, shide,
constr. with da.
2. (to produce their kind,
of animals, trees, plants, etc.)
haifa, haife ; to b. in the ear
as corn goyo.
21
beaten
3. (to endure) jimri, (to b. with one) jimra^he. beard, n. geme (S.); gemu (K.), pi. ge7na, or gyamma (S.), gyammai (K.) ; b. of goat rairo, rero. bearded, a b. man mai-geme,
pi. masu-geme. beardless, adj. shagiri, pi.
shagirai. beast, n. bisa, pi. bisashe or bisaje, ddbba, ddbbo, pi. dab- buna or dabbobi; wild b. naman daji, Jlrdi* ; wild beasts bisashen daji, namun daji. beat, tr. v. 1. buga, doke, duka, dirka, the last is sometimes written tsirka, bada kdshi.
2. to b. down, as earth etc. taka, taki, tsaga, tsatstsaga, ddbe.
3. to b. or tread grain ddka, intensive form ddd- daka, swaba (S.), surfe, taki, tingama.
4. to b. a drum yin wargi; see drum.
5. to b. in war, intr. yin nasara, trans, chi.
6. to b. in a game chi, e.g. na chi ka I have beaten you.
beaten, part. adj. in sense of prec. 3. takakke, fem. takakka, pi. takakku.
beating
22
beetle
beating, n. 1. tsirka, dirka ; see beat.
2. kdshi, (a defeat in war) artai.
3. b. of wings tafi (K.), tabi (S.).
beautiful, adj. da kyau, kyau, mai-kyau, kyaivkyawa, kekya- wa^ kyakkyawa.
beauty, n. 1. of persons and things kyawo or kyau.
2. of dress ornaments etc. ddoy armashi.
because, conj. don^ chewa*, domin chewa*, gama, zania (S.); cheiva and domin chewa are used in written, but not in colloquial Hausa.
because of, prep, domin, don, scihada or sabad da, sdboda*, sdbo (K.)' gctma, sabili da, zama (S.); b. of me domina, b. of him dominsa.
beckon, v., to b. with the head (in token of assent) gyada kai ; to b. or shake the head (in token of denial) kdda kai ; to b. with the hand yafuche, yafuto.
beckoning, (with the hand) yafuchi.
become, intr. v. (to come to be) zdma, zam (S.), samma*, kawa*, sawoya.
become, intr. v. (to befit, to be proper) kdmata, kdmache.
becoming, adj. (lawful, cere- monially right) halal, halas or halata, daidai ; it is b. ya yi daidai.
bed, n. gddo, pi. gddaje or gddashi, karaga* ; to go to b., V. kwanta; a b. of mud dakali, tugufa', space under a b. in which a fire can be put tsdriya, tsdri.
bed-clothes, coll. n. maydfi.
bee, n. kudan zuma or kudan zummuwa, pi. kudashenzuma; the mosquito b. or stingless b. gala, galla, rakuwa ; young of b. gudajen zummuwa ; small bees so/o/uwa; ground bees ganya.
bee-eater, (bird) tsuntsun ha- yaki, tsiriyar kogi.
beef, n. nama7i sa, naman shanu.
beehive, n. ainya, amya (K.), hamya, butumi, pi. butuma, burtumi (S.), gidan zum- muwa.
beeswax, n. dankon zummuwa^ kakin zummuwa.
beetle, n., spec, large, black, long-legged b. gurgunguma, kurgunguma, burgungumay sari; the * plush b.'or 'velvet mite ' karamuski or mulufi* ; burying b. or dung b. buzuzu; click b. makeri ; blister b. han- gara ; auger b. or wood borer kichichiya, gunda ; longicorn
befall
23
behind
b. or leaf -cutting b. mage- duwa-, tiger b. {\siV\a,)JuTau ; water b. kumbudiya (S.), kumhudewa (K.).
befall, intr. v. samit, same, sama, sami; it befell him ya sameshi.
befit, intr. v. kdmata^ kdmache.
before, adv. of time dafari, fM- kun or tukuna, na dd, kaman na dd or kamandd, wuri, da wuri or dauri, dazu ; in former time lokachin dd; see ever.
before, conjunctive adv. gdba, kdjin, b. that kani*, kamin, kana, kan da, kan*, e.g. finish this b. (that) you do that kare wannati kana ka yi wanchan ; tun and Htn da are employed with negative clauses, e.g. b. (that) he died he composed a book titn ha ya mutu ha ya yi wani litafi; to go b. gahdta, ga- hdche, rigaya, he was at the farm b. her ya riga ta gona.
befriend, tr. v., see assist.
beg, Y: 1. (to entreat, suppli- cate) roka, yin roko, hiko.
2. (to ask a thing of, as alms) bdra, yin hdra, roko ; I b. pardon gqfara ma ni (or mini) ; to b. for help zukatta*.
beget, tr. V. (of the male) haife, yin cla.
beggar, n. mai-hdra, mai-7'oko, inarok*, fem. marokiya, al-
majiri, fem. almajira, pi. almajirai, maddha, mauro^ gardi* ; spec, an idle b. 7nai-kas(da, a b. on the road tnasarchi, a b. who sings a great man's praises ina'aha, one who lives by begging food mai-ktvaraka.
beggar, to wander alone as a b., intr. v. kasala*.
begging, n. marokachi, roko,
begin, v. fdra, yin /dra, dora^ som.a (K.); to b. work kdma aiki, farma* ; it cannot be begun ha shi somuwa.
beginner, a (i.e. learner) bayni.
beginning, participial n. fara^ wa, farko, ta-farko, somi, 7nasomi, mafdi'i; from the b. of the world ddga mafa^^in duniya.
beguile, tr. v. rude ; see de- ceive.
behave, intr. v. (to turn out, prove) zama, e.g. na zama da hankali I shall b. wisely ; maida*.
behaviour, n. (character, con- duct) Aa^'i.
behead, tr. v. yanke, dehe kai.
behind, adv. hay a, a hay a, ddga haya ; that which is b. ahin haya.
behind, prep, haya, haya ga, with sufiP. prons. gare, e.g. b. them 6«ya gare su.
behold
24
bend
behold, V. duha, duho, gani, tsokachi, yin kallo, exclam. phr. b. duha! b. him or it ga shi! b. her or it ga ta !
behove, to kdmache, kdmata.
belabour, tr. v. hiiga-y see beat.
belated, to be, i.e. to be late in arriving yin yauchin zakuwa, tnakara.
belch, intr. v. gyatsa^ yyci'Sa, gyashi (S.).
belief, n. 1. (creed) addini, imanchi.
2. (credence) ban gaskiya.
believe, v., to b. a fact gaskata, gaskanta, to b. a person hada gaskiya^ yin gaskiya constr. with prep, ga; to b. in, esp. to b. in God, kasada ; I do not b. it ban karba ba.
believed in, particip. adj. yar- dadde, fern, yardadda, pi. yardaddu.
believer, n. mumini, fem. mu- mina, pi. muniinnai.
bell, n., small b. attached to horse gwarje, gwalje, g'^'^j^ ', small bells on horses' heads chikasaura, chikasabra, cha- kasabra, chikasaura ; bells attached to goats etc. kdraii- rautva or kararawa.
bellow, intr. v. ruri^ yin bu.
bellowing, n. bu.
bellows, n. mafuri, mafurin wuta, zigazigai, zv^azugi ; a
man who blows b. mazigi ; the stick of the b. maziga.
belly, n. kundu ; lower part of b. mdra, chiki,
belong, intr. v. 1. (to be the property of) na, fem. ta with the forms of the v. to be, e.g. this book belongs to Hassan litafin nan na Hasan ne, the horses b. to the king dawaki na sariki ne, that stick be- longs to this man sanda chan ta mutumennan che, it belongs to me nawa ne or ni ke da shi. 2. (to be native of) e.g. he belongs to Kano shi dan Kano ne.
belongings, n. (property) dii- kiya, and in a still more general sense abubuwa.
beloved, n. masoyi, fem. ma- soya, pi. masoyu, lele or na- lele* ; a thing b. abin kamna.
below, 1. adv. a kasa, a kas, baya*.
2. prep. kalkashi7i (S.), karkashin (K.).
belt, n. abin damre, madamre, damdra, pi. damdru ; b. for sword hamila, see girdle.
bench, n. kujera, kushera, pi. kujeru.
bend, tr. v. kalmdsa, kalmisa (S.), kahnashe, karkdta, gusda, kantara, sunkwiyad da, tan- kosa, tankwasa, tankware,
bending
jirga, lauya; spec, to b. the ; head kdda kai, kankanda kai, j sada kai, karkdta or kakartsa * with or without kunne (ear) to b. down (the ear) in order to attend to what is said; : intr. dukad da, jirge, kan- \ tare, lankwashe, lankwasa, sunkwiya, duka; see bent.
bending, n. dukawa, laudi.
beneath, adv. and prep., see , below.
beneficial, adj., see seq.
benefit, n. anfdni ; of b. (bene- ficial) da anfdni, mai-anfdni.
benefit, (confer a b. upon) anfdna.
benevolence, n. (an act of b.) kyauta, abin kyauta, alheri.
benign, see kind.
beniseed, ridi, lidi.
bent, adj. gangare or gangara, pi. gangaru ; b. or tottering, as of a wall, karkache, fern. karkata, pi. karkatu ; a b. tree j kwandariya, kondariya* ', a i man with a b. arm mai- \ laushi, maikwarda, with a j b. leg gwami, old man with ; b. back takoko ; it cannot be b. ha shi tankwasawa. \
bent, to be yin gangare, kar- ^ kache. \
Benue, the river, pr. n. Tsdda, i or ruwan Tsdda.
benumbed, to be, intr. v.
25 better
kage* or kaga* ; my foot is b. dela ya kama kafata.
bequeath, to wasiche*.
bereavement, n. kewa, kiwa.
bereft (devoid of) in phrases like b. of sense maras, rashi, e.g. maras-kankali, b. of shame maras-kumya, b. of strength rashin karifi ; see under rasa.
beseech, v., see ask.
beseem, v., see befit.
beside, prep, (at the side of) wajen, a wajen ; in a looser sense, kusa ga, tare da.
besides, prep, hamda, ban da, baya, bayan, haya ga.
besprinkle, buta, ydfa, yafa ruwa.
best, adj. this can only be expr. by the phr. ya fi duka, mafi duka, or ya fi kowa ; this is the b. of these ivannan m,afifichi ddga wa- dannan ; this is the heaviest wannan ya fi duka nauyi; he is doing his b. yana da jimri ; cf. Hausa Gr. p. 75.
betray, tr. v. (to deliver up treacherously) bashe ; to b. confidence chin amana, or chinye amana; to b. one another bada juna.
betroth, tr. v. rike, rika, riki.
betrothal, riko.
better, adj. 1. gen. dama,
between
26
big
gtoama, gwamma, e.g. it were b. ya yi dama; (superior) majifichi foil, by daga, e.g. this is better than that wan- nan mafijichi ddga wanchan, or wannan ya dadi wanchan ; fi, e.g. it is b. BO ya fi ; gara, gaira, guma, gwamma^ e.g. it is b. gara, it is b. so gara hcika, or gwamma haka^ it is b. for me to stop ni gara in tsaya, rather than I should do this it would be b. to die da na yi ivannan gara in mutu.
2. a b. state of health is expr. by means of dama, afuwa, rangiva77ie, e.g. to feel b. jin dama, jin ran- gwame., to get b. samu dama, also by wartsaka, b. to-day than yesterday gwamma yau da jiya, see Hausa Gr. p. 75. between, 1. adv. tsdka.
2. prep, tscikan, tsdkanin.
3. n. (a space), b. tsdkani. bewail, v. 1. intr. yin kuka.
2. tr. expr. by 1. with preps, given under on ac- count of. bewailing, 1. particip. n. (the act of b.) kukawa. 2. concr. (wail) kuka. beware of, V; yin hankali, tuna, constr. with prep, da,
e.g. b. of that log lest you fall over it ka tuna da ichen 7ian kdda ka/adi bisa.
bewilder, tr. v. dame.
bewildered, to be, intr. ddniu, jin damuwa, rude.
bewilderment, n. damuwa.
beyond, 1. adv. of place hay a, gaha; (further on, at a distance) nesa, da, or ddga or na nesa, e.g. that which lies b. ahin haya.
2. prep, baya, bayan, ke- taren.
3. fig. (suYipassmg) Jaskare, Ji, e.g. it is b. me ya faskare
ni or ya ji ni, b. the power
of man ya ji mutum or ya ji karjin mutum. beyond, to go, v., e.g. he went
b. sea ya ketare gulbi. biceps, kwanduwan hannu. bid, n., a b. tayi. bid, V. 1. (to command) ha-
kumche, hakumia.
2. (to offer a price for)
taya, tayi, yin tayi. bier, mdkarai. bifurcate (of a path), bii-kichi,
birkita. big, adj. 1. (of size) babba, pi.
many a, ruku-rukit* ; also fig.
(important), e.g. a b. man
babban matum or mutum
babba, a b. thing ridimin abu ;
to grow b. gawurta, gawusta,
bile
27
bird
the boy has grown b. yaro ya gaivurta ; full-grown gawur- tache^ pi. gawurtattu.
2. (pregnant) da chiki, karambiki.
3. (pompous, arrogant) da girnian kai, mai-homa, pi. masu-homa.
bile, n. machiwa (S.).
bill, n. 1. (account) lisaji or
2. (beak, q.v.) koto.
bind, tr. V. 1. damre^ daure, damra^ darme, tanka, tanke, lamyache (K.), sarkafe-, spec, to b. fast tsuke ; to b. grass with cords so as to form roof yamche or yamchi.
binding, particip, n. sarkafe^va ; boards or stiff covers for b. books bango, iadarishi ; b. of com bambu.
bird, n. tsuntsu, zu7izu*, fern. tsuntsuwa, zunzuwa^, pi. ts2intsaye,zunzaye*. The fol- lowing are some of the com- monest birds in Hausaland : bishop-bird, dala, mulufi ; bustard, the lesser b. kadab- kara, kadafkara, katakara, sokara * ; the greater b. tuje ; crow shimkake, a white- backed c. hankdka, pi. han- kaki or hankaku ; crane, crested c. gauraka^ goraka, garmaka, gamraka, kurki* ;
cuckoo (lark-heel c. or crow pheasant) ragon maza ; dove kurchiya, garda, bardo, haz- biya^ wala ; eagle gaggafa ; egret (great white e. or heron) zarbi, zalbi ; little e. balbela, badbila, bilbila ; finch chi- goro, sisita, shaida, baiwar Allahf zalaidu ; honey-guide gunda, maganiya ; hoopoe chigi da tuku, katu tu ; horn- bill burtu, bultu, chilikowa, ka-ki-ganin- Allah] ibis (Afri- can wood i.) tsagagi, jinjimi ; Hadadah ibis vara; partridge (or francolin) fakara (K.), makeruiva (S.) ; pigeon tanta- bara, tandabara\ plover %a7'e- kyare^ zakaran yaki, zakaran assuba, dan raguwa ; black- headed p. or crocodile bird ladin kogi ; roller or blue jay chanwaka, tsanwaka ; starling dokin buntu ; glossy s. or grakle tsakwaikwaiwa ; stilt taka bado ; stork shamo, sha- muwa, kasheri, rtiai-jika, bo- rintumke, babba da jikka^ tsagagi, juhurma -, sun-bird sha kauchi ; swallow (a species of s.) tsaitsewa, mashi- rari ; weaver b. jira, kdbare. The following have not yet been identified : a small white diving b. benema; a large carnivorous b. duki; a yellow*
bird lime
28
blade
breasted b. gado ; a species of sparrow gora ; a small b. with red plumage which feeds on guinea-corn marai; a small singing b. wali, waliya; a long-beaked water b. sulhi ; see also banupiya, huwa, kajarini, kilabtu,
bird lime, n. dankon tsunt- suwa.
bird's-eye, idon zakara.
birth, n. 1. (coming into life) haifuwa ; since your b. tun haifuwarka = since you were born.
2. (the act of bringing forth) haifuwa, jeyo.
3. an untimely b. ha- kwaini, harin chiki.
birth, to give b. to, tr. v. hai/a, haife, yinjego.
birth, a woman about to give b. to a child karamhiki.
birthday, n. rana ta haifuwa, ranan haifuwa.
birthplace, n. 7nahaifa*, phr. wurin da oka haifa.
biscuits, akara*.
bishop-bird, or cardinal- bird, dala, mulufi,
bit, n. 1. (of a horse) lizami, linzami, lizzami (S. ) ; the strap tied to a b., n. kamazuru.
2. (small piece, fragment) gutsura, pi. gutsatsari.
bitch, n. kdriya.
bite, n. chizo; b., e.g. of a scorpion ddni ; b. of a snake sari.
bite, tr. V. chizo, yin chizo, chije (followed by pron. obj.); of snakes etc. (to sting) sdra, taha, halhi, tdma (S.) ; to b. off gdtsa, zahta ; to b. at gurgura; to seize with the teeth tasamma, tasoma (S.).
bitter, adj. da divachi, da dachi, yainama, yanyanna, da yami, madachi ; to make b. or to be b. tsamama.
bitterness, n. dwachi, dachi.
bivouac, on a field of battle kwananddga.
black, adj. hdki, fern, hdka, pi. babbaku; veryh. bdki kirin (or kerin), baki wur ; a b. horse akawali, kiyara, chichiro.
blacken, intr. v. (to become or turn b.) zama bdki, sauya bdki, babake* ; tr. (to make black) babaki*.
blackish, bdki-bdki.
blackness, bakintaka.
blacksmith, n. mai-kira, ma- ker i, fem. maker iy a, pi. ma- kera ; the fem. = a black- smith's wife.
bladder, n. mafitsara, jika*.
blade, n. 1. (of corn etc.) kdra, pi. karare, tofo, fofo, zangare, zangarniya.
2. (of knife) karifen wuka.
Dlame
29
blister
3. (broken b. of sword) ku-
blame, n. 1. (finding fault, re- proof) foro^ tsawa^ harasa, rarauka (K.), zarge. 2. (fault, guilt) laiji.
blame, tr. v. 1. (to reprove, check) yin tsawa.
2. (to impute guilt) hada laiji.
blam.eless, adj. maras-laifi, babu laiJi.
blanket, n. bargo, burgo, hiru, kuntu*, kuntukuru*.
blaspheme, v. yin al/asha, yin swabon Allah.
blasphemy, n. alfasha magana, ma'asi *.
bleaching, chalk used for, n. alii.
bleat, intr. v. km^c and gen. yi7i kuka, yin bu.
bleating, n. bu, kara. , bleed,v. intr. tsaga or phr. zubda jini ; tr.Jitajini or Jidda jini, constr. with prep. ma.
bleeding, particip. adj., see bloody.
bleeding sickness, n. tsagiya; b. from nose hdbo.
blemish, n. 1. material or
1 physical b. aibi, aibu, pi. aibo-
bi, aibu, Idhani; e.g. a b. in the
eye Idhaniga ido ; b. , e.g. aspot
of different colour in cloth
j etc. sqfdne, sofdni, surfani.
2. moral b. aibu. bless, V. barka, albarka used
with yi or wa, e.g. he blessed
ya wa albarka ; albarkata,
kyautaye. blessing, n. albarka, salati*. blight, e.g. on corn domana,
mando. blighted, adj. applied to corn
kupturu, kuturu (S.), see
birtuntuna. blind, adj. makafo, pi. makafi;
a b. person makdfo, fern.
makafuiva (S. ), makauniya
(K.), pi. makafi; makabta
(S.), makanta (K.). blind, tr. v., to make b. ma-
kamta ; intr. to become b.
makafche, makamche, ma-
kanche. blindness, n. makamta, ma- kanta, makopchi, makabche,
makabchi. blink, intr. v. rumtse, runitsi,
runtsa (S.). blinkers, leathern b. for a horse
furtali. blinking, n. kifil kifil. bliss, n. ni'ima*. blister, n. 1. i.e. something
to cause blistering farsa. 2. of the skin sali, swali,
swale, bororo. blister, v. 1. tr.farcha.
2. intr. (to be blistered)
yin sali.
block
30
blunder
block, e.g. of salt or potash haura (S.) ; b. of wood fir de.
blood, n.jini ; b. letting jiniy a, jir/a, jar/a, majinachiya.
blood-feud, tama.
bloody, adj. (bleeding or blood- stained) dajini ; his face was all h. fuskassa duka saijini.
blossom, n./ure, pi. furori or fur aye.
blot, n., e.g. of ink dole, dan- gwale ; to make a b. dardasa.
blot out, V, yin maimai, sha- shafe.
blow, n. gen. hug a, kadi, rotse, roche] a b. esp. in boxing dambe, tika, a b. in fighting fdda, pi. fddodi, a b. with hand mari, pi. marumari, or Tnaremare, bugu, bugo, a hard b. causing wound or swelling rotsi, rochi (S.), pi. ratsa, a b. in punishment fig. sanda, pi. sanduna. — To strike or give blow or blows, v. gen. buga, in tens, bubbuga or bugabuga; mari or mare with intens. participial n. marmarawa ; rochi, rotsa, wtdakanta, tsam- ki, daka with intens. forms daddaka and dandaka ; a b. with clenched fist dundu, naushi, I gave him a b. that left its mark na yi ma sa rotsi, the sound of a b. ku- mus (S.).
blow, V. 1. tr. busa, ddbar, yin ddbar, e.g. the trumpeter blew the trumpet mai-busa ya busa kafo ; to b. away bushe. 2. intr. busa, e.g. the wind used to b. all night iska ta kan busa dare duka ; spec, to b. the fire under a cooking pot girke, girki ; to b. water out of the mouth tuddas; to b. a fire zuga, fura, e.g. b. up the fire with the bellows ka fura wuta da mafuri ; to b. up, e.g. an empty bag yin bokoko, to b. up a bag fura salka ; to b. about jake.
blowing, n. busa, e.g. the b. of the trumpet, wind, etc. bUsan kafo, busan iska ; b. of water out of the mouth tudaswa.
blown upon, i.e. dried, adj. busashe.
blue, n. shuni or juni*, ddfuwa.
blue, adj. shudi, fem. shudiya, pi. shudodi, da shuni or da juni*, ddfdfi; spec. b. cloth shiyodi, turkudi, saki, swaki ; light b. shudi-shudi ; a b. stone kaule ; a dark b. thread nati.
blue, to be, intr. v. saki*, soki* or swaki* ; to stain the face b. dambara ; to dye b. shuda, shiyuda.
bluff, alwdshi.
blunder, see mistake.
blunt
31
boot
blunt, adj. da laushewa ; in the sense of devoid of edge hahu kaiji. blunt, to be, v. dallashe, dal-
lishi, dakushe, yin dakusa. bluntness, n. (of a knife) tade-
rishi, laushiwa, dakusa. boar, the wild, n. alhanzir, hanzir, gyado, fem. gyadain- ya, pi. gyadodi or gyaduna. board, n. ([)lank) faskare ; to make into boards yin faskare, coll. boards karauki, boards for binding books tadarishi*. boast, V. gawurta, gawusta, yin kurari, yin rdha, ruha. boaster, n. mai-foma, pi, masu- I foma, mai-homa, mai-tama, pi. masu-tama; b. in war gugirma. I boasting, n. foma, homa, tama, j alfahari, ahvashi,fari,fariya, i kurari.
boat (i.e. canoe), n. jirigi or i jirgi, p\. jirage. boatman, n. mai-jirigi, pi.
masu-jirigi. bobbin, mdtdri. body, jiki, pi. jikuna. body-guard, one of the king's, n. zarumi, zaromi, zarmi or jarimi, pi. zarumai. boil, n. kurji, kureji, pi. ku- rareji, kuraje; kirchi, gurje, girje, bambaroki, maruru. boil, V. tr. or intr. ia/asa, yin
ta/asa, fa/asu, ta/ashe, taso; it is boiling a7ia tafasa. boiled, past part., tafasashshe, iem. ta/asashiya,p\. tafasassu. boiling, n. tas?/;a ; the rise and fall of b. water habuma, ham- buma. bold, adj., see brave, bolt, v., to b. food rushe (K.). bolt, see lock.
bone, n. kashi, pi. kasussuwa or kassa ; back-b. kashin tsotso ; bones in a fish kayar kifi\ shin-b. kobri, kwabri, kwauri (K.), kiibri, pi. kwabruka; hip-b. kwankwasso; marrow- b. tantakwashi, tantakoshi. bone-setter, mai-dori. book, n. litdfi, letdfi, pi. Utd- taji, or litattaffai, or litat- taffaye; takarda^, pi. takar- du*^ kundi, pi. kundaye, dan kundi, kitdba * ; leathern case for a b., n. gafaka, gafakka^ or gufaka (S.) ; large thick b., n. sufuri, sujili ; page of a b., n. ivarka, waraka ; stiff covers for a b., n. tadarishi*, bango, pi. ban- gaye or banguna. book-marker, n. alama or ha-
lama, pi. alamomi, amara. boot, n. kubuta* ; spec, long leathern b. safe, high riding b. karufa, kurufa, kurfa, long riding b. with spurs
booth
32
bow
kufita, kufuta, pi. kufitai,
kufutai. booth, n. bukka, pi. bukkoki;
sayi, pi. sayoyi. booty, n. ahin kwache. border, n. 1 . of a country iyaka.
2. silk b. on woman's dress hashiya.
3. b. of cloth lafe^ lafi. bore, tr. V. fuda, fude^ buda,
huda, yin rarake.
boring, n./udi, yxirake.
born, pass. part, haifaffe, fern. haifaffa, pi. haifaffu.
borrow, tr. v. yin dro, ramta, yin ramche, e.g. I did not b. much money ban yi ramchen kurdi dayawa ba ; to b. money chin bashi.
borrower, n. mai-chin bashi, niai-daukan bashi.
bosom, n. gaba, pi. gabobi, kirji, pi. kirjai, kiraza.
both, 1. adj. biyu, e.g. b. of them duka biyu or su biyu; this may also be expr. by ddga wannafi sai wannan.
2. conj. da, e.g. b....and da... da.
bottle, n. tasa or dasa*, pi. ta- soshi, kwalaba, kwaliba ; tulu, pi. tuluna, dalulu ; small earthenware b. buta, water b. calabash kurtu, burmi, gyandama, skin water b. salka or salka, pi. salkuna,
scent b. wakiya, wakiyya ; a large leathern b. for holding butter giwan basa; a small skin b. tandu.
bottom, 1. (the lowest part or foundation) gutsu, kalkashi, gato, e.g. b. of a fence gaton darnij gi^idi.
2. (buttocks) gato^ gindi.
bough, n. reshe, refe (S.), rehsy refo, pi. rassu, rassa, raffu^ refuna; see branch.
bound, intr. v. (to leap up or forward) tuma.
bound, past part. 1. (tied up, fastened with a band) dam- rarre, pi. damrarru, oka damre, faskarari*.
2. fig. (obliged, required) wajib, wajibi with ne or ke, e.g. we are b. to go to the war wajibi ne mu tafi yaki.
boundary, n. iyaka, gayya, or gay a (K.), kaida, makarin kasa, matuka.
bow, n. (i.e. the weapon) bakd, pi. bdkuna, b. and arrows bdkan kibiya ; to discharge a b,, V. halbi or harbi; b. for cleaning cotton bdkan shlba.
bow, 1 .intr. V. (to incline the head
in salutation) yin dJi,duka{S. ).
2. (to b. down as in the
native prostration) yin dfi^
gurfana, yin gurfane rusuna,
"bowels
3. to b. or stoop sunkwiya, sunkuya^ sunkurya (K.), kurda (S.), duka.
4. (to b. the head down or sideways in order to listen) karkata or kakartsa.
bowels, n. hanji. bowing, n., i.e. so as to touch" the ground with the forehead sujada, sajada, alkafura ; see bow. bowl, n. tdsa, pi. tdsoshi, gi-
dauniya, gwongwon, kata*. bow-legged, chassa. bowman, n. mahalbi, pi. ma-
halba or masu-halhi. bowstring, n. tsirkiya, tsar- kiya, chirkiya, igiyar baka. box, n. akodi, akwati, san- duki, or sanduki, pi. san- dukai, mai-sutura* ; spec, a small skin b., e.g. for snuff batta, pi. battochi; barta, pi. bartochi; small glass b. for frankincense lulu. box, V. danibe, nausha, naushe, nushe, dankwasa, dankwashe. boxer, dan dambe. boxing, n. naushi, dambe. boy, n. 7/aro, pi. yara, yaraye, | yaye or yayaye ; spec. b. who | is third or fourth child, the I previous children being all girls tanko*. boyishness, n. halin yaro. bracelet, n. tagula, tagulla,
R. H. D.
33
break
tugula, tagura, munduwa,
pi. mu7idaye.
brackishness, zartsi.
braid, to tu/ka, tubka, tupka
(K.), tumka (S.); see plait.
' brains, n. coll. kwallutva, kwa~
kwalluwa, kokolwa. branch, n., of trees reshe, refe (S.), refo, pi. refuna, raffu; spec, small b. hamso*, b. stripped of leaves kututture, kututturo, kututturu ; wither- ed branches coll. kwabruka; thin bending b. tsumanjiya. brass, n. jan karife, farin
karife, gachi, janjache. brave, adj. mazakuta, da zu- chiya babba, mai-zuchiya, mai-karijin zuchiya. bravery, n. mazakuta, maza- . kunta, mazakunchi, tasiri (S.), zarumta. bray, intr. v. (of the ass) bir-
bira, barbara, yin kugi. bray, tr. v. (to beat small',
pound) daka. bread, n. (made of wheat) gy;^
rasa.
breadth, n.fddi,faski*.
break, v. 1. tr. chiri ; fdsd,
fdso.pdsa.fashe, pashe,palshe ;
kariya, kariyi, karye ; kalle
(K.), rotsa, roshe, rosa, tsinke,
tsunke-, to keep breakilig
tsuntsunke, .. 1'
2. fig. to b. a promise skki
breakage
34
alkawali or warwari alka- wali.
3. fig. intr. of the da}^ daylight or morning, see dawn.
4. tr. with various modi- fications of meaning: to b. open rihe, Jalke (S.) ; to b. to pieces farfasha or pal- pashe (in tens, forms oifashe, pashe), rugunguza*,/an/atsa; to b. off kudure ; to b. up kakkariya, karereya, rumd da, bcdgache, kaririye intensive forms of kariya; to b. up again dandaka intensive form of daka ; to b. off katse.
5. to b. a horse hirga, hurga.
6. to b. the law taka skari'a. breakage, aras, a sound as of
b. garan-garan, kilin-kllin. breakfast, n. kalachi, or karin
kumallo (also = midday meal),
kariyan azumi, sahur, suhur. breaking, participial n. kari-
yewa. breakwater, to hold water back
by a b. datse , a b. used for
catching fisl» gando, tdshi{S.). breast, 1. (bosom) kirji, pi.
kiraza, kirijai, gaba.
2. (b. of mother or dam)
mama, nono, pi. nonuna,
nonaye or nonna. breath, shortness of, n. fuka ;
to hold the b. dauki lumfashi.
bridle
breathe, intr. v. lumfasa (S.), numfasa (K.), to b. heavily dauki lumfashi, yin sheda, I b. hard na yi fuka.
breathing, n., heavy b. lum- fashi, numfashi, lunfastu, sheda, habuiria*, hambuma.
breed, v. ba diya, yin diya, haifi, haife, haifu.
brethren, n. yan-uwa; my b. yan-uwana.
bribe, n. toshi ; b. given to a judge fila or hila, kirsa, ri- shiwa.
bribe, tr. v. chidacheto*.
brick, n. (made of mud) tubals ku7iku (S.), pi. kunkaye; a grass used for making bricks ramno (S.), rauno (K.).
bricks, to make, v. yin tubali.
bride, n., specially applied to the latest wife amariya ; the state of a bride amarchi; the friend of a b. kdwa.
bridegroom, n. ango, pi. an- guna or angaye*; a feast for a b. and his friends ambaru- wa, sansambi; a dowry or a gift given to a bride sadaki.
bridge, n. kadarko.
bridle, n. lizami, lizzami, li- zani, linzami ; a strap round horse's head fastened to b. inaraya-, a brass appendage to a b. peluwa ; head of a b. kwalkwada, kwalkwali.
l)rigand
Tjrigand, n. ma/ashi ; pi. only,
masu-tari. l)right, adj./aW, fern, fara, pi. farari or /aru/aru ; fari/at, da tachi, tachache, pi. tacha- chu or tatattu ; b. as silver tangarai, the last also = un- clouded, l^rightness, tachi, tdshi, iDrim, n. burbishi; up to the b./a?^, e.g. it was filled to the b. ya haufau, ya tashifau. l)rimstone, n. faral wuta, ki-
brit*, kaule*. bring, tr. v. kawo, kayo, kai; zo constr. with da (lit. come with), e.g. he brought the book ya zo da litafi ; spec, modifications are to b. back (i.e. to restore) maida, iumbe; to b. forth fUo da; (to give birth to) haiji or hai/e ; I to b. forward (to adduce) kai or kawo, e.g. b. proof kai shaida, they would b. forward a reason su kan kawo dalili; to b. near to the speaker, also simply b. here or b. near kawo ; to b. together gabato, ja7A)o ; to b. up (to nurse, educate) gwoiyo, reno; to b. up a child or animal whose parent is dead tallafi ; to take and b. tareyo or tariyo; to b. together Jibche, jibta, iara.
35
brood
bringing, participial n. kawowa. brinjal, (tomato) gauta, brink, n. baki, pi. bakuna. brittleness, aras, gaushi, gau-
tsi. broad, adj. fddi, da faski,
bikiki, tafkeke, broadcast, adv. a zube. brocade, n. dibajo, kambori* ; white cotton b. samasadowa. broil, tr. v. soya or suya. I broiled, past part, soyayye or i soyeye, fern, soyayya, pi. I soyayyu.
broken, past ^d.vi. fasashe, pi. I fdsassu, kararre, matache *, or mafMche, fem. matachiya or matatta, pi. matattu, e.g. a b. vessel matattar kwariya, mara^. broken, to be b. up, v. war- wari, wariwari or wawa- ri. broker, n. dildli or dillali, dan baranda; to act as b. yin dildli, or yin dilanchi ; broker's commission, cf. seq. brokerage, n. (fee or com- mission as intermediary in sales) la'ada, ladda; if the price paid is to be la'ada chiki (b. included) the seller pays the b. (usually 5 p.c), if la'ada waje (exclusive of b.) the buyer pays the b. brood, n. colL (offspring) diya, 3-2
brook
in a wide or general sense iri, pi. irare, q.v. brook, n. rafi, pi. rafuna or
rafafuka. broom, mashari"^, tsintsiya;
see brush, broom-weed, sweet b.-w.
roma fada. broth, n. miya^ romuwa (S.), romo (K.), halu* ', b. made from fruit of dm'owa tree daddawa^ daudawa. brother, n. dan-uwa ; used as an expression of regard in addressing others (usually with suff. pron. tia) = brother ! or dear friend! dan-uwana, pi. yan-uwana or yan uwa, shikiki, shakiki ; elder b. wa, pi. yeye ) younger b. kdne, pi. kannai, or kanne. brotherhood, kanenchi. brow, n. (forehead) goshi ; he bent his b. or knit his brows (= he -frowned) ya damre \gi7itse or jirkiia) fuskassa. bruise, n. rauni, taryade. bruise, tr. v. falfasa, brush, n. tsintsiya, abi/rt shara,
mashari. brush, tr. V. (i.e. to sweep with a broom or b.) shao^a, share, shache, kabe ; to b. thoroughly kakkabe ; to b. the hair shafa gashi. brushing, tsl/a.
36 ^^1
buck, n. prefix namiji, e.g. b. antelope namijin barewa; b. goat bunsuru, pi. bunsurai; water b. gwambaza ; reed b. kxiji, keji, kwantarafi. bucket, n. guga, pi. gugunay kwariyar guga; a leather b. wdsaki. bucking, e.g. of a horse or
donkey tutsu, butsari. buckle, n. maballi. bud, intr. v. yin gunda, yin.
tofo, kumpsa*. bud, n. gunda.
buffalo, n., dwarf b. or bush- cow bauna, pi. bakane, or baunaye ; kutunkun bauna. buffalo-horn, (plant) magari^
yar kura. buffet, V. buga, dambe. bug, n. kazunzumi, gazunzumi
(S.), kudi. build, tr. V. gina, kafa; the former is also spec, applied to construction of roads, the latter to that of roof etc. with beams : kasantada*. builder, magini. building, a, n. garu*. built, past part, ginanne, pi.
ginannu. bull, n. 1. (male of horned cattle) sa, bajimi (S.), bajini (K.), bijimi, bishimi, kinna : spec, large (castrated) b. bur- tumijurtumi ; b. for carrying
bullet
37
bush-cat
loads takarkari^ p]. takar- karai.
2. gen. (male of any large animal) toro, pi. toranni, to- rone, e.g. bull elephant toron giwa; toro with omission of gitva is often specially applied to the male elephant = ria- mijin giwa.
bullet, n. harsashe, pi. harsa- sai ; harsa (S. ), pi. harsashi, dutsim hindiga; see cart- ridge.
bulrush, shalla.
bunch, n. (e.g. a b. of flowers) dame or dami, pi. ddmuna or damraa, dunji.
bundle, ddme^ dam% dunji., gwallo; to place in bundles yin jeni.
burden, n. kaya, pi. kayayaki.
burdensome, adj., see heavy and troublesome.
burial, abstr. n. hiso, bizni, birni.
burial-cloth, native, n. zugu ; see winding-sheet.
burial-place, n. makwanche, wurin bizne, wurin kushewa, wurin kusheyi^ kusJieya.
burn, V. 1. tr. kona, kone, kuna, soya, suya, surya, toyi, towi, toya, tuya; to b. up com- pletely konkone, spec, to b. with a hot iron lalas*. 2. intr. kuna, kone ; fis. of
desire etc., the heart burned zuchiya ta kuna.
burning, particip. adj. mai- fura, konewa', b. disease kona or kuna* ; a smell of b. karni, kas7ii, kaur.
burnous, alkyahba, pi. alk- yabbu.
burnt, past part, konanne, fem. konanna, pi. konannu ; spec, b. food, n. kamzo, kanzo ; b. all over, adv. kurmus*.
burrow, to raraka, raruke.
burst, V. tr. and intr. fashe, pashe ; bursting out laughing fashewa da dariya ; sounds of bursting (onomatopoeic) /«^s ; to b. open tsiyayye (K.).
bury, tr. v. bizne, bisne, birna, bisa, bishe, binne*, turbude, turumbude* ; spec, to b in the earth as locusts do their eggs turbude.
burying-place, n. see burial- place.
bush, n. spec, thorny b. kwab- dodo, kaudodo, sarkakiya ; thick-foliaged b. used as food sukuki* ; b. in the sense of uncultivated forest land daji, rukuki ; b. in sense of scrub or farm b. jeji, kunchi, kumchi. bush-buck, lesser b. or 'har- nessed antelope' (i.e. Trage- laphus scriptus) mazo, ganjar. bush-cat, see cat.!
bush-cow
38
butt
bush-cow, or dwarf buffalo hauna, pi. hakane, haunaye.
business, n. 1. (trade, com- merce) cJmiiki, shag all, pi. shagulla (S.), or shagulgula (K.), bukdta, sha'ani ; to do b. yin shdgali; to do b. with yin da.
2. gen. ( = concern) hukata] also, in neg. and interrog. sentences, ruwa, e.g. it is no b. of mine ba ruwana or habu ruwana^ what b. is it of yours ina (lit. where?) ruwankul go about your b. ka tafi abinka ; minding one's own b. sha'ani; mind your b. shiga sha'anlnka; he went about his b. ya yi zamansa.
3. (affair or thing) abu, e.g. a bad b. abin mugu.
bustard, the lesser b. kadab- kara^ kadafkara, sokara* ; the greater b. tuji.
busybody, mai-kwarmato.
but, 1. adversative conj. amma ; cfo is at times found where the opposition is not (as with amma) explicit and logical, e.g. but are you able to do this 1 da kana iya yin haka ? /ache*, balshe*, bari dai.
2. exceptive prep, and conj. sai, e.g. a woman's entire body ought to be strictly concealed 'but the soles of
her feet and her eyes jikin mache duk yi aVaura ya ke sai ko matakai sai ido ; those who love thee can but salute again m,asowa naka sai kum,a salmawa ; neg. there is no health in it, nothing but sickness babu lajiya chiki nata sai chiwuta ; there is often an idiomatic ellipsis before sai, e.g. the whole street was nothing but water dukan kasuwa sai ruwa,. nothing but blood sai jini ; in this way is to be explained the phr. sai lafiya, i.e. no- thing but well, i.e. quite well. The expr. bamda or banda may = English but, e.g. put nothing in the pot but meat kada ku sa komi chikin tukunya bamda nama where sai nam,a would be equally correct.
butcher, n. mafauchi, mahau- chi, pi. Tnahauta.
butcher, tr. v., i.e. to slaughter animals in technical sense yin fawa.
butcher-bird (shrike), bam- baini.
butchery, n. tech. (slaughter- ing of animals) yai(;a.
butt, intr. V. kdra, yin kdro^ tunkwiya, tunkuda, e.g. the two goats are butting each
butter
39
cake
other awaki su biyu suna tunkuda junansu or da juna. butter, 11. 1. gen. whether animal or vegetable mai.
2. cow b. main shanu, dunguli, dungule, turde; a large leathern bottle for holding b. giwan hasa.
butterfly, n. hamota or bama- wuta, kwalkwcda, kilikili, kilkili ; the expr. litdfin A llah (writing of God), or dokin Allah (God's horse) is often used to designate the butter- fly ; cf. tadawal Allah, malam hude litafinka.
butter-tree, n. the shea-butter tree (Bassia Parkii) kadanya\ shea-butter, i.e. its thick butter-like oil, inain kadanya, main kade, or man kade.
butting, n. kdro, tuni, tunk- wiyi.
buttock, n. gato.
button, n. makuhli or makulli, pi. makuhlai, mabantari (K.), mabantali (S.), mxjthallen riga, anini*.
buy, \\ saya, sayi, saye, sai ; to b. and bring back sayo ; to be bought sayu.
buyer, n.mai-saye,^\. masu-saye.
buying, sayi ; espec. wholesale b. faja; b. and selling saye da sayarwa, or saye da sa- yaswa.
buzz, n. amo ; b. of bees kugi^ kogi.
buzz, intr. v. amo or yi7i amo.
by, 1. prep, instr. (with) da, e.g. he was struck by an arrow aka halbe shi da kibiya,
2. prep. loc. (near) kusa, kusa da, or kusa ga, e.g. by the shore of the pool kusa ga bakin gulbi ; (along by) baya, e.g. we walked by the town mun yi yawo bayan birni.
3. prep, distributive, e.g. by fours fudu fudu, by tens goma goma.
4. adv. (near) kusa. by-and-by, a7^ jima and zuwa
zuwa. byword, of. her character be- came a b. halinta ya zama sara.
cackle, intr. v. yin karkara.
cackling, w.kyarkyara, kirkira.
cactus, a prickly Euphorbia with c.-like habit and milky juice tinya, tunya, kyarana.
cadger, bakanchi, maichile, masha-chile.
cage, n. akurke, akurki, pi. akurkai, gidan tsuntsuwa ; a cage for fowl (a hencoop) akurkin kaza.
cake, n., c. of rice or guinea- corn waina (K.), tsala, tsaliya (K.), tswala (S.),ma5a(Zaria);
calabash
40
calm
' p. of wheat flour and honey fankasu \ c. of bean flour and oil soto ; c. made from beans of the dorowa tree daddawa; c. of oil, honey and rice or wheat tsatsafa, hankuru, hakuru, kosai, shashaka.
calabash, n. gora, pi. gorina, kwariya, burmi, gyandama, maburmi, muburmi ; spec, small c. kumbu ; long-necked c. used as water-bottle kurtu, kortu ; c. finger-basin kwa- chiya ; c. strainer rariya ; a small c. placed in a water pot to prevent water spilling when carried magumki, gum- karuwa.
calamity, n. (distress, adver- sity) tsiya, maslfaj maydta^ wahala ; a c. (a distressing or adverse thing or event) abin muyu or mugun abu.
calculate, v. (to compute, reckon) yin kidaya, kilga, kirga, yin lisafi.
calculation, n. 1. (act of com- puting or reckoning) kidaya, kida, kididdiga.
2. (sum or amount reached bye.) kidaya, kida, kididdiga. lisafi, the last commonly ap- plied to accounts, bills, etc. ; beyond c. (incalculable, in- numerable) sun fi kidaya.
caldron, n. tukunya.
calf, n. 1. (young of large ani- mal) da, connective dan, pi. yaya or ya, connect, yayan or yan, coll. pi. diya, connect. diyar.
2. (young of cow) mardki, fem. mardka, pi. maruka or ynarukka ; spec, a young female c. karsana.
calf, n., i.e. of the leg dambubu, tukatukai* (K.).
calico, n. alkdmura ; white c. for making tobes maha- mudi, alawayo (S.).
call, tr. V. (to summon) kira, ki- raya, Mraye; to c. or summon to where the speaker is, and also simply to c. kirawo ; to c. in the sense of to name kira suna ; 'called,' i.e. named or entitled is expressed thus : a man called Bube want 7nutuin sunansa Bube, a great man who was called the Madaki baba ana che da shi Madaki ; calling out, verbal n. kira ; one who calls to prayer makiran salla.
callous, dakanta.
calm, n. (absence of wind, still weather) natsu, natso, natsu- wa, nitso, nitsuwa, also used fig. in the sense of relaxation or rest.
calm, tr. v. (to appease) lal- lashi or lUlashi, sanyaya.
caltrop
caltrop (plant), tsaidau, tsidau,
dayi ; water c. gyadar ruwa. calumniate, v. chim-haya,
rada*. calumny, n. chimbaya, rada. camel, n. rakumi, fern, rakuma,
pi. rakumma ; the female c.
taguwa, pi. taguwai, tagu-
woyi ; spec, large male c.
■amale ; a two-humped camel
uturkumami, f. aturkumama;
s, running c. jeraya ; the
constellation of the C. ta-
gmva. camp, n. 1. (halting ground
of travellers etc.) zango, pi.
zanguna.
2. (in the military sense)
sansani ; camping-place, n.
ivui'in sabka or sapka. camphor, n. kdfur. camwood, majigi. can, auxiliary v. iya, aho samu;
he could not enter ba ya
samu ya shiga ; with passives
a iya may be employed, e.g.
it cannot be lifted ba a iya
a dauke shi. cancel, to c. an agreement
warware. cane, n. 1. gora, pi. gorina;
spec, water-cane burgu ; sort
of bamboo c. kwangi, kwagiri;
sugar c. takanda, rake.
2. (walking-stick) sanda,
pi. sanduna, kulki.
41
capture
cannibal, n. 1. jan-maye, mai- chin mutane.
2. c. people, or tribe yam- yam^ nyamnyam.
cannon, n. madafa*, agwa.
canoe, n. jirigi, abara^, jirgi, pi. jirage ; c. cover rumpa^ komi* (S.), rum/a ; c. paddles filafile or fulafule ; c. paddle used as a rudder matuki ; a c. pole gwangwala*, kwangwala.
canoe, to paddle a c, v. tuka, the participial n. of which is tukatva.
canter, n. hammadanchi.
canter, intr. v. zugurubtu, jigeribti, jigribti, kwakkwafa,
cantle, of a saddle kwachiar baya.
cap, n. tagiya ; spec, a white c. worn inside fez fula, pi. fuluna ; a blue or black c. /ula saki ; c. of red cloth with tassel (fez) fuladdara, fulandara, faladara ; a c. with two flaps to cover the ears hdbal kdda.
cape, made of palm fibre kabido, kabudo.
capsicum, barkono.
capture, tr. v. 1. (to catch or take, of prisoners, slaves) kama, kankaraa^ same.
2. (to conquer, get dominion over a city or people) c^^, e.g. he conquered the people, the
caracal
42
carrier
king was captured ya chisu oka kama sariki ; to c. and bring back chiwo.
caracal, (lynx) dage.
caravan, n. ayari ; the chief of a c. jaji; head-man of a c, who walks behind it ma- dugu, pi. madugawa; guide or forerunner of a c. jdgdba or shugaha ; the tax paid by a c. for permission to travel kurdin boda, /dto, /ito ; a collection of caravans kd/ar fatake.
carcass, n. gawa^ pi. gawa- waki.
card, to c. cotton shlha.
cardinal-bird, the scarlet muluji, maluji.
cards, playing c. yaya*.
care, n. 1. (heed) ruwa in neg. and inter rog. clauses, e.g. what c. of mine is it? ina ruwanal hankali, which also has the sense of forethought. 2. (anxiety) matamache*^ e.g. the cares of the world matamachen duniyan nan ; see sorrow.
care for, v. (heed, regard) tvaiwaya, kula or yin kUla, tara, tsere ; to c. for (to pay attention to and so beware of) tuna, yin hankuri ; all of these verbs except the first govern an object by
means of prep, da^ e.g. he cared nought for his reproof hai kula da foronsa ha.
careful, adj. (\\Qediu\)mai-han- kali ; be c. ! hdtara, hutara.
carefully, adv. 1. (heedfully, prudently) da hankali.
2. (attentively) sdrai, e.g. look c. duba sd^^ai.
careless, adj. (imprudent) ma- ras-hankali, bizki ; (inatten- tive to work) mai-lalachi.
carelessly, adv. babu hankaliy da lalachi, da lala/anchi, da sakafchi; to act c. through absence of mind shagalchi.
carelessness, n. 1. (want of care) sakafchi.
2. (indifference, idleness) lalachi, lala/anchi.
caress, n. lalaba.
caress, v. yin lalaba.
cargo, n. kaya.
carpenter, n. mdsassaki, pL masassaka ; shop of a c. ma- saka.
carpet, n. kilishi*.
carriage, karusa*.
carrier, n. gen, mai-daukan kaya ; spec, hired c. dan aldro ; head or chief c. sarikin aldro ; a trader who carries his goods on his head dangu- rum/a, bojuwa, bujuwa, mai- kaya ; money paid to carriers su/uri, su/urchi; an epithet
carrion
43
catch
applied to a carrier who keeps putting down his load mai- hari.
carrion, mdsai^ mosai, mushe.
carry, tr. v. kai, shidi, the latter constr. with da ; to c. in shiga da, shigo da (lit. to enter with), nothing shall be carried tied up into the town of Zaria ha a shigo da komi a hirni; to c. on (transact) yi \ to c. off tafi da ; to c. through (accomplish) iyas, iyas da.
cartridge, harsa, harsashi; c. case kamsir, kurfi, kwanso, kwasfar harsashi ; see bullet.
case, n. (receptacle, cover) gida, e.g. needle-c. gidan alura ; spec, leathern c. for holding a book gdfaka, gufaka.
case, n. 1. (state or condition) zarna.
2. (event, thing) ahu, e.g. a bad c. (i.e. a bad business) mugun abu.
cassava, rogo.
cast, tr. V. jefa, jefi, jefo ; to c. aside yas da, yadda, yashe ; to c. out (throw out) je/a da, je/as, jefas da, je/sa*,jefshe*; (to expel as from the mind, the throne, etc.) Jidda, Jita with da, fishe, e.g. he was c. (or driven ) out akajitad da shi or aka fishe shi ; to c. up (to reckon), yin lisafi to c. the
young hari ; cf. hai/uwa hari still-born ; see calculate.
castigate, tr. v. 1. (punish) fallasa, pallasa.
2. (beat) huga, bubbuga.
castigation, n. 1. (punishment) fallasa, pallasa.
castor-oil, (plant) zurma.
castrated, tauri*.
castration, fidiya, pidia.
casualty, see accident.
cat, n.muzuru, muzulu,7nazuTU m., fem. kaiiwa or kyanwa,. pi. kyanwuria,kyanwai,mdgey mussa, micsa, pi. mussoshi, mussai (S.) ; spec, tortoise- shell or spotted c. tsawarwara;. tabby bush c. tsara ; civet-c. jibda, mdgen tantal, muzu- run juda, muzurun tantal., kyanwar tantal, tunkun jibda ;. African palm civet or genet madadashi ; wild c. jimolo, baudari, tunku, wazagi (S.) ; serval-c. rabji, rabi*, robe'^y inyawara.
cataract, n. (or corneal ulcers) hakiya or hekiya, tsauriya,. tsawuriya.
catch, tr, V. kama, ruski, chdfa,. chafe, sarbe ; to c. a cold, e.g. I caught cold sanyi ya kama ni (lit. the cold caught me) ; to c, up chika, da ; catching chdfiya ; to c. intr. (of a fire) habaka.
caterpillar
44
cemetery
caterpillar, hairy, n. gizdka, gisaka, kisdka*, tsutsa, gama- toro ; an edible c. tsarna ; a light green c. wutan ganye.
•cat-fish, gondo (S.), kulume, mari, kurungu; electric c.-f. (Malapteruruselectricus)mm- jiriya (K.), mijiriya (S.).
cattle, n. coll. dabha or dabbo, pi. dabboni or dabbobi; (cows) shanu ; c. disease bingiri; humped c. jdba-jdba ; c.-shed garke, gerke, garge (S.) ; a place for feeding c. makiyaya; a Fulani c. camp rugga.
caught, particip. adj. (of a lire) gasashe, fern, gasashiya, pi. gasasu ; to get c. in falling sage.
caul, Hgar haifuwa.
cause, n. 1. (origin or ground) gutsu, sabdbi, sanadi ; with- out c. babu sabdbi.
2. (reason adduced in proof or explanation) dalili, sabili, hamzari, e.g. they give a c. (i.e. a reason for confidence) and an excuse su kan kawo dalili da huja ; hence often applied to texts from the Koran.
cause, tr. v. sa, ba or bada, maida, yi, rataya*, tdsdda* ; these are construed as follows : I caused him to laugh na ba shi dariya^ he caused me to fear ya ba ni tsoro, he caused
him to sleep ya sa shi shi
kwanche or ya maida shi shi
kwanche. causeless, adj. babu sababi,
kakarai. caution, n. (prudent care)
hankali. cautious, n. da hankali ; to
be c. yin hankali. cavalry, n. barde, pi. barade ;
c. with shields garki or gari-
kine ; collection of c. kangar*. cave, n. kogo^ pi. koguna, ma-
raya*. cease, intr. v. daina or dena,
e.g. she did not c. ba ta daina
ba, tr. she ceased crying ta
daina kuka ; the rain ceased
ruwa ya dauke. ceaselessly, adv. kul yaushe. ceil, tr. V. ydba, ydbe. ceiled, particip. adj. yababbe,
fem. yababba, pi. yababbu. ceiling, damren-guga, dauren-
guga. celebrate, tr. v. (to praise,
honour) yin yabo. celebrated, particip. adj. yab-
abbe,iem. yababba, pi. yababbu. celebrity, n. yabo. celestial, adj. mai-sama, spec.
applied to God. cement, (used in making roofs)
babarkiya, katsi. cemetery, n., see burial- place.
centipede
45
change
centipede, n., a harmless c. shanshani, soiisoni*, pi. shan shame, aimaka (S.), daidaya) see millipede, centre, n. tsdka, tsdkiya ; spec, c. of the inside of thatch roof kwando. certain, adj. 1. (assured, true) e.g. c. (i.e. true) words maga- na tabbatachiya; are you c. ? ka tabbata ? ka tabbata or ka shaida ; to be c. sakankanche, tdbata, tdbache ; to make c. yin tabbas, wajabta.
2. (one, some) wani, fern. wata, wota, pi. wadansu, wansu, wasu, wosu \ cf. a 2.; to express a e. person known but unnamed ( = so-and-so) kaza^ e.g. a c. person passed mutum kaza ya louche. certainly, adv. da gaskiya, an che, hakika, Idbudda, la- buddi, tabbas, takar (K.) ; c. is expressed also by means of tabbata, e.g. he is c. there ya tabbata rian, babu shakka. certainty, n. gaskiya. certificate, n. Idya*. certified, particip. adj. shai- dadde, fem. shaidadda, pi. shaidaddu. certify, v. hakikanta. cesspit, n. saiga, ^\. salgagi. Chad, pr. n." of lake, Tsada or ruwan Tsada; see Benu6.
chafe, intr. v. (to feel irritated) ji7i haushi ; he chafed at this-
ya ji haushin wannan. chaff, n. dusa (K.), dussa (S.)^
kaikai, soshiya, kona ; small
piece of c. tsinki. chagrin, n. haushi. chain, n. sarka, salka, pL
sarkuna or sarkoki ; coll.
chains sasdri ; c. armour
chair, n. kujera, kushera*. chalk, n. aljibus, alzibus ; chalk
or white earth used for
bleaching thread alii. chamber, n. daki, pi. dakuna;
very small c. or closet lolokiy
pi. lolokai. chamberlain, n. madaki, ma-
daiki. chamber-pot, shdda. chameleon, n. hawainiya (K.),
hawaniya, hanwawa (S.). champion, gamzo. chance, n., see accident,
opportunity, chance, impers. v., it chanced
ya faru. change, v. 1. tr. and intr.
sauya, sawaya, sawoya.
2. tr. maida, maishe, mu- saya, musayi, musaye ; to c. one's mind sake shawara, sake, saki.
3. intr. may as da, riklda, jirkita, the last referring to
change
46
charm
any c. of position whether material or figurative; e.g. he changed his body ya sauya or sawaya jikinsa, I changed to a moslem na sauya rnu- sulmi, the king has changed (the value of) the Spanish dollar sariki ya maida kurdin madafa, my master changed my wages ubangijina ya sake ladana, I am changing into some creature or other ina rikida wani abii, I changed myself into a bird na rikida tsuntsuwa, they changed sides sun swaba juna.
change, n., e.g. of money kwaro, cMko ; (alteration) jirkita.
changed, particip. sauyaye, fem. sauyaya, pi. sauyayu ; sakakke, fem. sakakkiya, pi. sakakku; rikidadde, fem. riki- daddiya, pi. rikidaddu.
changing, participial n. sa- kiwa, sauyi, jirkitawa, for the application of the latter cf. jirkita under change.
chapping, e.g. of skin fdso.
chapter, n. (division of a book) kai, sura*, pi. surori*, e.g. the tenth c. kai na-goma or sura ta-gonia.
character, n. 1. (disposition) hali, e.g. such is his c. halinsa shi ke or halinsa ke nan ; tabi'a, dahi'a.
2. (good repute) suna ; he bears a high c. sunansa na- gari ne ; see fame.
3. to have a certain c. is expressed by means of the v. tarika, e.g. he is a quarrelsome c. (he is always quarrelling) ya tarika fada.
characteristic, n. hdli, pi.
hdlaye ; theft is a c, of the
thief sata hdlin barawo. charcoal, n. 1. gawayi, pi.
gawaye, not used of burning
c. for which cf. 2.
2. burning c. garwashi, pi. garwashosJii.
3. charcoal- tree, a small tree kiriya, from which is made smith's c. garwashin kiriya.
charge, v. 1. (to load) chlka or dora, e.g. they have charged their guns suka dora
2. (to command) hakumche, hakumta.
3. (to rush on, to attack) fadi (bisa, bisa ga or) a bisa.
charity, n., see alms.
charm, n. 1. gen. whether written or of any other kind mdgani, Idya, pi. lawaye, layu ; hatumi, katumi*, saka- tubu*, bara, talili ; sunan Allah (lit. the name of God), this is used of various charms
charmer
47
chief
which are written on a smooth board, the ink from which is washed oflf and swallowed.
2. spec, a c. to promote a successful deal tsdrdka ; stone c. for woman's neck kandu or kandun ido ; c. against injury in war layan sahani; an inverted c. placed in a field as a charm against thieves kwanda, kunda, tsdji ; love chsivaxstsihbn, raantawa* ; c. to render anyone invisible Idyar zana; c. to ward off arrows sha hara, Idyar sahani ; injurious c. saminu or savnmo ; see also tira.
charmer, snake-, n. gardi, pi. gardawa, turde, pi. tur- daiva.
charms, 1. to write c. tsubbu; one who writes c. mai-tsubbu ; one who utters deadly c. maita.
2. (female attractions) see beauty.
chase, n. (hunting) yarawto.
chase, v. 1. (to hunt) yin farauta.
2. (to drive away) kore.
chaste, adj. tsari.
chattels, urula.
cheap, adj. da araha, da arha ; it is c. shina da araha ; a c. sale gwanjo.
cheapness, n. araha, arha.
cheat, n. 1. (fraud) kura, riba, rikichi,
2. (one who cheats) machi kura, pi. machiya kura ; tnai- chin kura ; mai-^^iba, pi. masu- riba or mai-riba da kura; mai-zambachi, mai-zarnhata.
cheat, V. chin kura, chin riba, rikiche, rinta, zambache, zam- bata, sdfa (S.), zantara.
cheating, n. kui-a, hayinchi ; see prec.
check, V. 1. (reprove) kwaba. 2. (hinder, restrain) hdna.
cheek, n. kumchi, pi. kumatu ; hair on the cheeks saje; a man with fat cheeks dan kumatu.
cheer, v. bada murna, yin murna.
cheese, n. chukumara, chuku.
cheetah (or hunting leopard), rabbi, gundumau*.
chew, V. tr. tamna, tona, tauna, tsuke, tuke, e.g. we are chew- ing kola-nut muna tamna goro.
chewed, particip. tamnanne, fern, tamnaana, pi. tarn- nannu.
chewing, n. tamna, tsiko (K.), tsuku.
chew-stick, (i.e. name of trees) marke, marike, tafashiya,
chicken, n. dan tsdko, tsiyako, pi. yan tsdko.
chief, n. bagare, pi. garewa,
child
48
circling
haha, e.g. he is their c. shi ne babansu, also in sense of a c, a great man ; sariki, often in the sense of head or president of any body, trade etc. ; ido (lit. eye) is used in poetry thus, behold Bello, chief over his kingdom duba ga Bello idon malki nai ; turcari* ; see under fadawa. child, n. 1. (son or daughter) da, connect, dan^ fem. diya^ pi. yaya^ yayaye and ya, connect, yan.
2. (young person) yaro, pi. yara.
3. a very young c, an infant up to one year of age jariri, jarili, yarili, jinjiri ; spec. c. carried on a woman's back bumbu, goyo, goiyo ; a c. which dies soon after birth dan wabi.
4. with c, see pregnant, childhood, n. yarinta, yaran-
chi (K.), yaranidka (S.),
kurichiya, kuruchiya. childishness, n. halin yaro,
halin kankanta, kuruchiya or
kurchiya. chill, n. funturu, especially
that felt at night, chillies, barkono. chin, n. hdba, pi. hdbobi ; double
c. mar or 0 or malolo ; the
lower part of the c. leke (S.).
China, n. geogr. ^S'm*.
chip, to c, e.g. with a hammer
kwarsana. chisel, n. kurufi*,furufi*. choice, zabe, zabi, 'zabantakay.
zabanchi. choke, tr. and intr. v. mdkure ;.
to cause to c. sumanchey
sunanche. choking, due to swallowing
anything, n. mdkura, kwdra*. choose, V. zaba, zabe ; spec, to
c. out one or more pieces i
of anything (to select) wari. \ chosen, 1. pass. v. zabu.
2. particip. zababbe, fem.
zababba, pi. zababbu. Christian, a, n. annasdra, also- used as coll. pi. Christians;
to become a C nasaranta. Christianity, n. addinin an-
nasara. church, i.e. a place of worship^
n. masallachi, pi. masallataL chum, V. burka, burga^ tunk-
wiya nono. churning, tuguwa*. cicatrice, n. tambo, tabo. cigarette, stump of a guntun
taba. cinders, n. garwashi, pi. ga/r-
washoshi ; garwashin wuta, circle, n. bukdri*, kawanya
(K.). circling, of a bird over its
prey jewa,
circuit
49
clean
\ circuit, to make the c. of, tr. V. kewaye, kewayi, yin kewaye', see under round.
circumcise, v. yi7i kdchiya or yanke kdchiya, sdlasdd da{^.).
circumcision, n. kdchiya, sala- suiva, sha.
circumspectly, duhanaii du- banan, lekanan lekanan.
cistern, large, n. bingi, kurkud- duji, kunduddufi or kudud- duji ; a c. for collecting rain- water kwiyaka, kuyaka.
citizen, n. dan-gari, pi. yan- gari.
city, n. birni, pi. birane or birnuwa, used of large and walled towns, while gari, pi. yaruruwa, garuruka and ga- rigaru, is applied to less im- portant and to country towns.
civet-cat, n. jibda, juda (K.), magen tantal ; frankincense | obtained from the c. htrare. I
civil-war, basasa. \
claim, n. alhaki, e.g. the c. of one defrauded.
claim, tr. v. (to demand as one's own) nema, e.g. I claim j my own ina nema abin nawa; \ to claim a debt bim bashi ; I cf. bi. clamour, n. (loud outcry) ku-
riiruwa, dilmi, surutu (S.). clamour, v. (to cry aloud) yin kururuwa. R. H. D.
clan, n. dangi, pi. dangogi,
iri, pi. irare. clang, the c. of metal on metal
kyang. clap, V. (to strike the hands together in applauding etc.) td/a or yin taji (K.), yin tabi (S.), ban hannu. clapping, tafi, tabi (S.). clarify, by straining, tr. v.
tachi. clasp, n. kugiya. clasp, V. (to embrace) rungume. claw, n. of an animal, akaija^
dagi. claw, to yayctga; see scratch, clay, n. yimbu, yumbu, yambu, e.g. they are built of c. an gina su da yimbu ; a lump of c. burugushe* or burbushi* ; a yellow c. used as a dye for women's faces ddla ; white c. karmatako, karmantako (K.); a hard c. soil kekuiva. clean, adj. 1. gen. sdrai, of wheat chari or tsari.
2. (ceremonially and so also morally c, pure) halal, halas, tsari or chari. clean, tr. v. e.g. with water darwaye, dariwaye*, kwdla, kwarkware (S.) ; of the hair, garments etc. tsabta, cf. wanke; (to scrape off, c. off) gogi, goge'^ to c. from husks surfe, surfa ; (to render c.) yin saraij 4
cleaned
50
clock
maida, sarai, gyarta; to c.
the teeth kivalkwale ; to c.
raw cotton sMha. cleaned, particip. gyartache^
fern, gyartatta, pi. gyartattu ;
wankakke, fem. wankakka, pi.
wankakku; c. from husks etc.,
of rice, shanshere, surfaffe. cleaning, of cotton sMhi. cleanliness, n., of the person,
clothes etc. tsahta, tsapta. cleanness, n. karari ; esp. in
a religious or moral sense fear-
ki, tsalki ; cf. seq. cleanse, tr. v. (of the heart)
tsarkaka or charkaka. clear, adj. 1. (of liquids, the
sky etc.) da tachi, tangarai,
tangaran ; the sun looks like
clearing gari yaishirinsarari,
2. (manifest, plain) zahiri, sdrai, kwarai.
3. (pure, irreproachable) tsari or chari.
clear, tr. v., to c. ground before ploughing, sdsabe.
clear, to make, tr. v. (to ex- plain) waye, e.g. this matter is difficult, I wish you to make it c. to me abin nan da wuya ina so ka waye mini.
clearing, c. ground for sowing za/a (S.).
clearly, adv. (manifestly, ob- viously) sdrai, kwarai.
clearness, tachi.
cleave, tr. v. (to cut with a
blow) sare. cleave to, to, intr. v. rike,
like, rika, kakka/e, riki,
ddfe. clerk, akawu. clever, adj. 1. i.e. in an art or
profession gwani, goni, pi.
gwanaye, gwannai.
2. gen. (astute or cunning)
shaitan, i.e. as c. as Satan, cleverly, adv. (cunningly) da
wayo. cleverness, n. 1. (in an art
etc.) gwaninta.
2. gen. azanchij hudi, hiki-
ma, fahimta. click, made with tongue or
teeth, a sign of vexation
kwafa, kyache (S.). climb, V. hawa or hau, e.g. he
climbed the hill ya hawa
dutsi or ya hawa hisa dutsi. c\itoiC\^,Jilaniya, tsele. cloak, n. alkyabha, pi. alkyahbu^
riga*. cloak, tr. v. 1. (to put on a c.)
sa alkyabba.
2. (to conceal) ru/e, riiji or
ri/e. clock, n. sa'a, lotu*, loto*.
Hausas who are acquainted
with clocks express ' o'clock '
thus, three o'clock sa'a uku ;
half past eight o'clock sa'a
takwas da shashi; karife is
clogs
also used in describing the time, as the hours are often marked by beating iron, thus, what time is it now ? karife nawa ne yanzu ; it is two o'clock ya yi karife biyu. clogs, wooden dan garafai (S.). close, V. 1. tr. sdda; to c. a door, box etc. rufe, rufi or rife^ like ; to c. the fist tan- kwashe; to c. a hole done, danne, ddne ; the door is closed (also in fig. sense) an rufe kofa.
2. to c. with, used of a bargain or agreement yarda. CSlose by, adv. kusa, daura da, duhbara da, dahda, da/da, dabrada. blosed, particip. (fastened up) girkakke, fern, girkakkiya, pi. girkakkw, cf. phr. the road is c. ha7iya ta mutu. ploset, bayan gida, makewaye ; (small room) loloki, pi. lolo- kai.
^Oth, n., spec, names of stuffs
are : blue c. shudi ; blue,
shiny c. turkudi, ^l.turkudda;
\ c. formed of blue and white
; strips keke; native blue or
black c. with silk inwoven
; ridi; black striped c. from
Ilorin bunu; a black and
white women's c. zalwani ; a
coarse white c. gwado ; a c.
51 cloth
I with white stripes gwanda ; a white c. with red stripes I yorori (K.) ; a black and red c. kudi; a c. with alternate strips of two colours luru ; a variegated c. zaura, zawara or idon zaura; variegated c. used for turbans barmushi ; a kind of velvet c. yapki, karamiski, kadamiski; a red c. shali ; a white native c. aljinti, dimi* ^ zauwati ; a c. that has no seam in it liwdsa ; woollen c. mu- lufi or maluji; a brocade c. worked with gold inside dibajo; (a piece of c. used in various senses and spec. = Engl, 'a cloth') a loin c. bante, banche, pi. bantuna ; a shoulder c. leki ; a small piece of c, a c. kalkafi -, a woman's c. zdne, pi. zannuwa or zanna, gyauto (K.); c. gusset in a tobe shiga; a strip of c. zugii ; a piece of c. made of about twenty strips wawa ; a roll of c. turumi ; long strip of c. ausagi ; a single thick- ness of c. palle; a double thickness of c. ribe, ribi, rubi; a narrow strip of c. fari ; a blue pepper and salt pattern c. zabako, saki, swaki] a narrow silken line in c. barage ; a breadth of c. between two seams chiki ; a professional 4—2
cloth-measure
52
c. hammerer muhugu, mu- hugi, mabugi; see also barbaro, hamakuku, mai-san- da-orchi-goriba. cloth-measure, n. cubit kdmu; 8 kdmu = l zmie, the last - about 15 ft.; a short length of cloth kyalle. clothe, tr. V. sitira, sutura and sitirta, iu/ata, tufasad da; sa (lit. to put on or upon), e.g. to put on one's clothes sa riguna ; e.g. the brokers who have made unjust profits shall be clothed with gar- ments of fire dillalaifa masu- riba da kura a sa ma su riguna wuta. clothes, n. {i.e. clothing) iu- fuwa; coll. tufa as well as its pi. tufafi; riguna; spec, beautiful c. sutura, sitira, haiba*, abin rufa; fine, ex- pensive c. kambi* ; old c. keso, tsumma, ragga (S.). clothing, n., e.g. fine c, beauti- ful c. ; cf. prec. cloud, n. habaki*, pi. habaka ; special names are: moving c. gilgije, girgije, girigiji ; small white, still clouds lum- shi; a c. that produces a shower zirnaniya, jitau ; clouds coll. gajimare, gashi- mare* ; to rise in clouds like ■■ smoke turnike; the dust
cocoa-nut
rose in clouds kura ta tur- nike.
cloudy, adj. expr. by da with prec, e.g. da lumshi.
cloven, particip. rababbe, fem. rababba, pi. rababbu.
cloves, n. coll. kanumfari, kanun/ari, hanchin kade
<^-^- • , 1
club, n. gwami, guduma, pi. gudumai; a c. for throwing kere. coal, n., see charcoal, coat, n. 1. riga.
2. c. of mail made of cloth
and padded with cotton, wool,
etc. lifidi; a white cloth c.
gwado.
coaxing, lalldshi, rarrashi.
cobra, (Naia nigricolis) he-
machi, kumurchi, kwamachi,
kwamarchii aarikin machizai.
cobweb, zaren gizo, tautauchi^
yana. cock, n. 1. (male of poultry) zakdra, pi. zakdru ; mai-chara^ mai-chara.
2. to express precisely the male of birds miji or namiji (hen mache) must be used where the gender is not denoted by different words. cockroach, n. kyankyaso, ka-
fata. cocoa-nut palm, kivakwa\ attagara.
coerce
53
combing
coerce, tr. v. 1. (restrain)
hdna.
2. see to force, coffee, n. gahawa, gahiva. cogitate, v. tima, the obj. of
thought is constr. with da or
ga. cogitation, n. tunane. cohabit with, v. gamu da
mache. CoiJGfure, a helmet-shaped c.
worn by women kitso. coil, intr. v. ndde ; intr. and
refl. to c. up nddu. cold, n. 1. ddH^ sanyi, sansan-
ya ; I feel the c. or I feel c.
ina jin ddri.
2. (catarrh) ddri, nidjina, macassar a* y mura, sanyi, e.g. I have caught c. or a c. ddri (or sanyi) ya kama ni ; a man with a c. in the head mai- shako (S.).
3. spec. c. felt at night funturu.
4. the c. ^QBiBon funturu. cold, adj. ddri, da ddri, da
sanyi; it is c. ya yi ddri; e.g. c. water ruwan ddri, ruwan sanyi, sanyin ruwa, they are c. suna da ddri ; to be stiff with c. sandare.
colic, tsamki.
collapse, V. to afka, auka, abka.
collapse, I collapsed na fadi reran, or na fadi warwar.
collar, n., spec, a padded cloth
collar used in war to protect
the back of the neck dagumi ;
to seize a person by the c.
dagurtie. collar, to make a kalmdsa,
kahnisa (S.), kalmashe. collar-bone, alan gaba, alan
kafadaj. collect, V. 1. tr. tdra, tar she,
jibche, jihta ; spec, to c. a
debt hiyo hashi, dauki bashi. 2. intr. taru, an tara. collected, particip. tararre,
fem. tararra, pi. tararru. collection, n. (of men and
things) taro or taru, pi. ta-
rori ; tsibi ; chushe. collector of taxes, n. jakdda*,
jekdda*. colloquy, n. zanche. colour, n. la^mi, pi. launoni,
launoka, rini or rina, jin si
(S.) ; blue c. shuni or ju7ii*. coloured, particip. turarre*,
fem. turan^a*, pi. turarru*. colt, n. dan dukushi or dan
dukuslii. comb, n. masarchi, mashachi,
matsefa, matseji, masoshi, shata. comb, c. of a cock tsoro. comb, tr. V. gyarta, tsefe, tsatsefe,
shata or shache, tsefi, e.g. I
am combing the hair of my
head ina shata gashin kaina. combing, tslfa.
come
54
common
Com.e, intr. v. zo ; (used with pronominal forms ending in no) zuwa, zaka ; tafo or taho*, e.g. c. to me zo or ta/o ma ni, but when used to invite attention or cooperation 2/«^«, fern, yaki, e.g. c. ! let us sit down and converse together yaka mu zamna rau yi zanche tare ; we came to a city mu- ka zaka ga wani birni. Some idiomatic combinations of c. with preps, etc. are : to c. about or to c. to pass /aru ; to c. at isa, ishe, iske ; to c. back dawo, dawayo^ komo, birkito; to c. by or acquire, obtain samo ; to c. down shida, shide, sabka ; to c. in shigo \ to c. out fUo and (with pronominal forms end- ing in n«) firjitowa ; to c. out from fUo ; to c. quickly sheko ; to c. to gabdto ; c. here to me gabdtoni ; to c. towards iso, jirgo ; to c. up ta^o ; to c. up with tarda, taras da.
comfort, n. 1. (satisfaction) dadi, dadin ziichiya.
2. (consolation) hankuri, hakuri, ha7ikura or Jiakura, sanyi or sanyin zuchiya.
comfort, tr. V. bc(da hankuri, sanyaya^, e.g. he comforted them ya bada ma su hankuri.
comfortable, to feel, intr. v. jin dadi, jin dadin zuchiya ; he felt c. rai ya kwanta.
comforted, to be, (feel con- soled) jiyi sanyi, I am c. zuchiyata tana jin dadi.
COm.ing, participial n. zuwa, zowwa, zakuwa; c. back ko- mowa ; c. here tafowa ; they are c. here S2i7ia tafowa.
command, n. (order) hakumchi^ hukumchi, abin hakumta, abin liakurachi, kaliye, UTnarni.
command, v. hdkumta, hd- kumche, yin umarni, umar- che.
commander, n. (leader, chief) baba, e.g. tell me the name of their c. ka fadi ma 7ii sunau babansu.
commandment, n., see com- mand.
commence, v., see begin.
commend, see approve of
commission, 1. a c. to pur- chase saftu, sabtu, sautu, sako, dolashi.
2. broker's c, see broker- age.
3. (order) izni. commit, v. 1. (to do, to per- petrate) yi, he committed theft ya yi sata; one who commits adultery mai-yin zina.
common, adj. 1. (shared in
companion
55
completed
•y all)
duka.
their
common good fortune arziki iia su duka.
2. (defiled) haram. companion, n. kama
pi.
kft-
iiiannu, ahoki, dan-uwa* \ a c. of the same age tsara ; a play c. taubashi, ahokin wasa.
companionship, n. tsaranclie, guji (S.), abuta.
company, n. taro or taru^ pi. tarori, jama'a ; in c. (together) tare ; in c. with tare da.
misalto.
by measuring or (jwargwada^
compare, v.
kwatanta. 2. to c. , ytcalgwada ' givargwado. compass, iron, n. bukari*. compass (mariner's), for points j of see husuruiva. compassion, n. tausai or , tausayi, jdje, jaijaito*,jinkai, i sauna ; to feel c. jin (or gin)
tausayi. compassionate, the, (of God)
errahimi*.
compel, V. gin tilas, sa tilas,
tilasa, tilas da, dolata, tan-
i ktvasa, yin wofi, e.g. you c.
me kana yin tilas or kana sa
I ni tilas, I was compelled to
' work an sa ni tilas aiki, I
compelled the fellow na tilasa
I mutum, I was compelled an
tilas da ni, if he refuses c.
him ida7i ya ki a sa shi tilas;
see compulsion, force, compensate, to ramka. compensation, ramko, rdmu-
tea. competition, takara. complain, v. kururuta, kai
kdra. complainant, mai-kawonkdra,
makari. complaint, n. 1. (loud ex- pression of grief, pain, etc.)
kururuiva.
2. (sickness) chiwo, chiwuta or chuta.
3. (a grievance, a cause of c.) kdra ; and so
4. (accusation, a legal term)
kdra, sara*, abin sara. complaisance, bajinta ; to
comply with yin bajinta. complement, n. chlko, abhi chi-
kafca, yayalwachi*, kishiya*. complete, adj. 1. chikakke, fem.
chikakka, plur. chikakku,
fdfafdta.
2. (of number) ba gaira,
e.g. a c. hundred dari ba
gaira, lit. a hundred without
deduction. complete, tr. v. gdma, hdda*,
Ida, kdrasa ; (to bring to an
end) kare. complete, to be, intr. chika ;
cf. seq. completed, to be, chika, kare]
56
completely
often used at end of composi- tions, stories, etc., e.g. the song is c. waka ta chika. completely, atattare, kap. completion, n. cMkatva ; note of c. placed at end of com- position iyaka. compose, tr. v. 1. (of an author) tvaUafa, yi.
2. (to settle or decide a dispute) soda, raba. comprehend, v. (to under- stand) yin fahimta, ji. compress, tr. v-. matse, matsi,
mache, dankara*. compressed, to be, intr. and
pass, matsu. compulsion, abin tilas ; under c. tilas, da tilas ) it was a case of c. tvofi ya shiga. compute, v., see calculate, comrade, n. kama*, pi. ka- mannu*, aboki, pi. abokai, abokin wasa. conceal, tr. v. rufe, rufi or rife*; boye, boy% intens. bobboye, jiche (S.), k^fa (K.), sulla ; kawaichi, e.g. a crime ; to c. oneself, to hide boya or boye, also with kai, e.g. he concealed himself under the leaves ya boye kansa ddga kalkashin sansami ; to c. oneself (of lying in wait) fake. concealed, particip. rufaffe,
concubine
fem. rufaffa, pi rufaffu]\ boyayye, fem. boyayya, pi. boyayyu. concealment, n. boya, boye- wa; c. of defects in goodj offered for sale tadilisi ; place of c. maboya, wurin boyewa ; see ambush, concede, tr. v. 1. (to agree to) yarda.
2. (to yield up) bari, bar. conceit, fddi7i kai, hini (S.), homa{K.), tashinkai,fariya; see pride, conceive, tr. v. 1. (of thought) tammaha, tamaha.
2. (of the female sex) haifrh samu chiki. concern, n., see affair and
business, concerned about, be, v. kula constr. with direct ace. or with da or ga* ; ruwa used with subst. v., e.g. you are not concerned babu ruwan- ka. concerning, prep, bisa ga, with prons. gave ; da, saba da, sabad da, sabaddo or sabo da,*, garni da, game da. conciliation, sdduwa. concoct, to c. a story damre
magana. concord, n. saduwa ; see
agree, concubine, n. saddka, pi.
condemn
57
confusedly
saddku^ ivahaya (a neglected wife or c), bora* ; kwarkwa- ra, kwarakwara, makubliya, I mutumniya* .
I condemn, tr. v. kdda^ hdda laifi, laifa*, kusanchi.
condemnation, n. kayaswa, kyazwa, kaye^ alhaki, lalata, the last quite general = per- dition.
condition, n. (state) zama, za- nianchi.
condition, to come into a, or state zama, zam (S.).
condolence, (on any mis- fortune other than deiath) jaijaito ; c. in bereavement taaziya*. , conduct, n. (habit) tsahi'a, dahi'a ; letter of safe-c. watikal (or wasikal) lamuni.
conduct, tr. V. (to lead, bring) , kai.
cone, the form of a c. zallo ; c. -shaped da zallo.
coney, (Klip-Das), see cony.
confectionery, n. allewa, ale- wa.
confer, v. 1. (to consult to- gether) yin shatvara.
2. (give, bestow) ha, hada.
conference, kuchi, pi. kiiche- kuche ; see talking.
confess, v. yin furuchi, yin furchi, yin huruchi, banya, dauki laifi.
confession, n. furuchi, furchi, huruchi.
confidence, n. (reliance, trust) anidna, aminchi, aminchewa, dangana, saduda, shaduda* ; to have c. in dangana, dogare, sadujda, e.g. I have c. in... ina dangana da...', we have c. in thee mu dogare ka ; to betray c. chinye amana, chin amana ; to justify c. (to be trustworthy) yin aminchi.
confine, n. (boundary) iyaka.
confined, adj. (narrow) cf. kumchi ; to be, v. (of women) haifu.
confirm, to tabbache.
conflagration, n. gobdra, tur- nuka, e.g. pro v. gida biyu maganin gobdra two houses are a provision against a c.
conflict, n. fada, fam,a, yaki.
conflict, intr. v. kdra, yin kdro, e.g. this conflicts with that wannan ya yi kdro da wanchan.
confluence, n. of rivers, ma- gangami, magdma.
confounded, to be, v. damu.
confuse, tr. v. (to confound or perplex) ddme, ddma, riki- ta, shirbata.
confused, to be, v. damn, sha kai; he was c. ya sha kansa.
confusedly, adv. damai, mar- bika*.
confusion
58
consul
confusion, n. damasa, mar- bika*, damuwa, kirmiche (S.), rigima, shirbache, purmutsi (K).
congeal, intr. v. chibarii, e.g. my blood is congealed with the cold jinina ya chibaru sabad da dar% sandare.
congratulate, tr. v. barkata, gaishe, gaida.
congratulation, barka.
congregate, intr. v. faru.
congregation, n. jama'a.
conjecture, to kintata ; see suppose.
conjoin, tr. v. gama.
conjuring, rikirkida.
connections, n. coll. dangi^ danga or dagi, pi. dangogi, kabila.
conquer, tr. v. 1. (to acquire by war) chi.
2. (to overcome) i, i ma, yin \^asara, yin nasarchi, kdda, kdshe.
consciousness, n. tunane (a particip. form), pi. tunannu, is used substantively for thought or consciousness.
consent, n. yarji.
consent, v. yarda^ bada yarji, izni, karba, so, e.g. do you c. ? I do kana so ? ina so.
consequence, n. 1. (effect), e.g. in c. of this don wannan,
domin wannan, don haka, sabad da wannan.
2. (importance), e.g. it is of no c. babu komi.
consider, v. 1. gen. tsokachi and yin tsokachi, tuna and titnane with da.
2. (of a council, delibera- tion) yin shdwara.
consideration, n. (delibera- tion) shdwara.
consolation, n. hankuri, ha- kurchi, hankura, hakura, hakuri, sanyin zuchiya.
console, tr. v. bada hankuri ; to be consoled jin sanyi.
consort, n. 1., see companion, comrade.
2. (of married people) namiji, miji, fern. mata.
conspiracy, to form a, v. gania*.
conspire, intr. v. yin baki
constancy, 7idchi, nachiya. constant, adj. da ndchi. constantly, adv. ko yaushe,
kullum*, kul yaushe*, tutul,
tutur. constellation, see star, constrain, tr. v. tilasda (S.),
tilasa (K.); see compel,
force, construct, tr. v. 1. gen. yi.
2. spec, of roads gina. consul, n. gunsul*.
consult
59
contrivance
consult, V. 1. intr. (to deliberate) I /ill tihaicara,
2. tr. V. yin shawara constr. with ma, ga^ da, e.g. I am going to c. you za ni yin (or i7i yi) shawara da kai, sha- warta^ shatvarche. consultation, n. shavMva,
roshi*. consume, tr. v. 1. (used of fire) lasa^ lashe^ kona*^ kone*. 2. (generally) c/w, chi da, chanye^ chinye. contain, tr. v., see hold, contaminate, tr. v. yin ka-
zamta. contemn, kyale, see despise, contemplate, tr. v., see con- sider, contemplation, mddai. contempt, n. reni ; an ex- | pression of c. wus, wush ; I tsaki ; see despise, contemptuous, adj., see ; proud. I
contend, tr. v., see fight,
strive, content, adj. kosctshe, pi. ko-
sassu ; to be c. koshi. content, tr. v. kosada, kosasda. contention, n. (disputing) ha- yaniya, haniya, haya-haya, ^nuhawara*, inusuwa ; see Strife, contentment, kwanchiyar
hankali.
contents, (that which is con- tained) ahin chiki.
contest, n., see contention.
continually, adv., see con- stantly.
continuance, n. tabbata, tabba- tawa, dawama, duma, dinga, ndchij na^hiya, zaina, zaraan- chi ; long c. tsawa, tsawanta.
continue, intr. v. dawama, duma, dada, dadi, tabbata, tabbache, dunga, kdra* ; to c. to exist kashi*, ka^she*, ka- sanchi; phr. we e. giving thanks muna ddda godiya ; I c. travelling until evening ina yini tajiya ; they con- tinued thus sicka kdma haka, he continued crying ya kdra kuka.
continuing, tnai-dawama, 7nai-
tabbatatva. contract, n. wahabi. contract, tr. v. 1. (a disease) tarda.
2. to c. the idbcedamrefuska.
3. intr. v. (to shrivel up) yin yaushi, yin yoshi.
4. (to make an agreement) see agree.
contradiction, gardama. contribution, n. (e.g. of food)
tarbache. contrivance, n. dabdra, du-
bdra, dibdra, chimi*, wayoy
waya, abin vmyo.
contrive
contrive, v. wayo^ ivayau. control, tr. v., see restrain, convalescence, n. rangwame. convalescent, be, intr. v. ji7i or yin rangwame^ yin dama, wartsaka. convenient, adj. sawaha^,
daidai ; see fit, suitable, conversation, n. bdtu, zanche, pi. zantatuka, zanzanche, fira, hira*, tadi, kurga (S.), roka (Z.), tankawa, zantawa ; hum of c. dumi*. converse, intr. v. tanka, tamka, hdta, yin bdtu, yin zanche, yin magana, yin tadi. conversing, part, tankawa^
zantawa. converted, be, intr. v. sauya, e.g. he was c. from heathenism to Islam ya sauya da arna musuliYii. convey, tr. v., see carry, convict, n. dan sadaka. convince, tr. v. (satisfy by
evidence) hakikanta. convolvulus, a species of awarwaro, fdrin gamu, kafi- boka, yaryadi, yambururii, duman kada, yako. convulsions, n. mijiriya,
minjiriya, misiriya. cony, agivdda, rema*. cook, tr. V. ddfa, ddfe; c. without water tuya, soya; cooking ddfuwa; to c. meat
60 copy
with hot stones sulala; a
fire for cooking ivutar gdshi.
cook, n. inai-ddji, mai-ddfuwa,
sarikin wuta. cooked, be nina (S.), nuna (K.); c. part, ddfdfe; c. without water soyayye, fem. soyayya, pi. soyayu ; well c. ninanne, pi. ninannu, nunanne, pi. nunannu^ tap- shi, ta/shi, tabshi* ; c. food dd/au. cooking, gdshi, dafuwa ; c. place maddfa, wurin ddfa, wurin dafuwa; c place on
which a pot is set murufu;
a c. pan algidiri, alkidiri;
a c. pot with holes pierced
at the bottom madam-
bachi, madamfachi. cool, adj. sanya, shanya, da
sanyi; c.-headedness sanyin
hall. cool, tr. V. sanya, shanya;
intr. V. fuche, huche. cooled, part, sanyayye. coop, n. akurki, pi. akurikai,
kurki, akurikin kaza. copaiba, tree maje, kadaura. coping stones, kalankuwa. copper, n. jan karife (lit. red
iron), gachi ; girdle made of
c. tagula*, tugula*. coppersmith, the c bird ma-
kwabkwafi. copy, tr. v., see imitate.
copy
61
cotton
I copy, to c. a drawing etc. sifata, sifanta.
\ coral tree, majiriya.
I cord, n. siliya, pi. siliyu or siliyoyi ; igiyct, pi. 'i'ffoyi or igiyoyi, yagiya (S.) ; a c. to
' tie trousers round the waist kiibaka. coriander seed, ridi, lidi ; oil made from c. s. main ridi ; a plant resembling c. yaudo, yodo (S.). cormorant, madundicmi*,
kazar ruwa.
corn, n. hatsi, (wheat) cdkama ;
a grain of c. kivaya ; guinea-c.
dawa, q.y. tsaba{^.); Egyptian
c. masara (see maize) ; a tuft
of c. geza, pi. gezuna ; an ear
of c. kuhe ; a pit for storing c.
tsunjiya; to rub or grind c. tu-
she, nika, daka ; reaped c. laid
in rows sankache, sang ache ; a
bunch of c. ku7'dsa (S.) ; c.
stalks karandafi (S. ) ; a woman
who sells c. almuda (S.),
maauniya, alkwararo (S.).
corn-stalk, tip of suUai, siliya.
corner, n. kusuruwa, pi. kusur-
woyi, sukuruwa, sukuriva ;
c. of a fence dungu, htngu.
corporal, mai-igiya biu, lit. the
owner of two stripes. corpse, n. gdwa, pi. gawawaki, mushe, matache, fem, mata- chiya, pi. niatattu, mamachi.
corpulence, kauri^ kabri, kosa.
corpulent, da kauri, ginshimi, tunturum', to be c. kabrara; see fat.
correct, tr. v. (punish) /oro, horo*, wahalshe.
correct, adj. daidai, dede, na- kwarai, fem. ta-kwarai, sdrai, sosai, ainin ; it is c. ya yi daidai.
correctly, adv. daidai, sosai, kwarai, sdrai ; to count c. kilga sdrai.
cost, n. ('price) kiirdi ; what does it c. 1 kurdinsa nawa ? its c. kurdinsa, an tayansa, tamaninsa.
costly, adj. da tsada ; to be c. yi7i tsada.
cotton, n. kada ; c. before it has been spun abduga, auduga; spun c. abawa; white c. for sewing silili (K.), silale (S.) ; small piece of twisted c. shu- siya; seeds of c. plant an- guriya ; silk c. tree rimi ; c. from silk c. tree kaderi ; a bow string used in cleaning c. labe (S.); a pin used in pressing c. (so called from a resemblance to the bida snake) dan bida ; a c. farm garge (S.) ; to press c, seeds out of the pods or to roll c. gurje, gurza ; intertwined c. staples hddan zare ; to clean
cotton-wool
62
covering
raw c. shiha; to clean or prepare c. by drawing it out (on the masahi) sdbi, yin sutu ; a white c. brocade samasadowa ; for various sp. of cotton see bakatuka, yat- sauri, yatabshi.
cotton-wool, sabi, ta/a*.
couch, n., of a king or judge, kardga.
cough, n. tar% twari, toari.
cough, intr. v. yin tari.
council, Yi.fdda, roshi*, magan- tawa, magantirwa ; to hold a c. yin fadanchi.
councillor, bafdde^ pi. fadawa ; mafada, pi. mafadawa-, ma- faje (K.).
counsel, n. dabara, dubara, dibdra, wayo.
counsel, tr. v., see advise.
count, tr. V. yin kidaya, kilga, kirga, yin lisaji.
count, n. kidaya, lisaji.
countenance, n. fuska, pi. fuskoki or fuskuna.
counterfeiting, (coin) tsira- riya.
country, n, kdsa, pi. kdsashe, kdsaisai, gari, pi. garuruwa, garigari or garigaru ; un- inhabited c. jeji.
coupling, of animals or birds barbara ; of horses, camels etc. baye.
courage, n. mazakuta, maza-
kunta, mazakunchi, tasiri (S.).
courageous, adj., see brave.
course, n., the c. of the world taki-takin duniya.
court, n., c. of a king fdda, wurin shawara, /age, kindi- gaye ; c. yard dandali ; c. of justice fagachi, fakache* ; to appear in c. hdlara or liallara.
courtiers, n. fadawa.
courting, n. bazaware*^ shiri- ya*.
cover, n., c. of a book bango, pi. bangaye, banguna, tadarishi; dish c. made of grass fai/ai, pi. jiyafai ov fayafayai ; see covering.
cover, tr. V. rufe, rnfa, rufi, rife, ydne, yin sutura, su- turtay turbude ; to c. up a hole done; to c. (i.e. to concQBX) jiche (S.), kifa (K.) ; to be covered rufu, rurrufu; to c. (used of horses, bulls, etc.) yin baye, hawa.
covered, part, rufaffe^ fem. rufaffa, pi. rufaffu.
covering, n., e.g. a blanket bargo, mayafi, sutura, sitira, maydfi, maruji, pi. marufai] rufa, rurrufe ; the c. of a door kyaure ; c. of skins tunku ; c. for a horse mashimfidi, pi. TYiashimfida ; temporary c. for the night sayi, pi. sayoyi.
covet
63
crawcraw
covet, tr. V. shahawa, yin guri, yin kdri; the coveted horse dokin kdri. coveting, n. hadama. covetous, adj. da rowa, mai- rowa, makwadaifa, mai-kawa- zuchi, marowachi, da mdda. covetousness, n. rowwa^ rowa, katvaziichi, tsumulmula (K.), zowari, zwari, zari, makzva- daichi, madda. COW,n. sdniya, pi. shanu; bush- cow or dwarf-buffalo bauna, pi. hakane ; a black and white c. nordi ; an old c. the mother of the herd sayi (S.) ; an old lean c. guzuma ; c- shed turken shanu ; a c. tied up by the feet dunguli ; cow- hide kilago, kilabo, pi. kilagai. coward, n. matsorata, matsora-
chi, lala/a*, mairaki. cowardice, n. matsorachi. cow-bird, or ox-pecker, charki. cowhide, n., see cow. cow-itch (Mucuna pruriensis),
karara. cowry shell, n. ijiya, wuri, pi. kurdi, kudi, kawara or alkatvara, yaya ; a large c. s. gandi, sarmadawa ; a bag containing 20,000 shells kesu, kwaroro, kwororo ; a lar^e skin bag for cowries jika ; a grass bag for holding cowries ktvasahro, kwasauro ;
a small c. s. ago; gambling games played with c. s. ddra, chacha, modi ; a faked c. s. used by gamblers, made by joining two shells together so that the lips or back are always exposed godogo ; a girdle made of c. s. kiribi ; a c. s. with a hole in it kuru- Tinan wuri ; a blocked-up c. s. with hole at back filled up likakken wuri ; to throw c. s. in the game of chacha, sdba, sdbi*.
crab, n. kdguwa (K.), kwdgutva (S.), pi. kagunai, kwagunnai.
crack, intr. v. tsagu ; to c. or open (used of a wall) dare.
cracking, of the skin under the toes, kudumbiya, kura- budeya.
crackling, of fire babaka*.
craft, n. wayo.
crafty, adj. da wayo^ mai-ivayo, mai-sane. shaitan* ; to be c. hilata.
crakle, see starling.
cram, tr. v. (stuff) dora, dura.
cramp, n. mijiriya, mijirya, minjiriya, misiriya.
cramped, to become, e.g. with cold sdge^ 9CLge, kage.
crane, crested c. or crown- bird, n. goraka, gauraka, garmaka (S.), gamraka.
crawcraw, n., see crowcrow.
crawl
64
crow
crawl, intr. v. rarrafe^ ruhda
(or rn/da) chiki. crawling, n. janjiki, rarra/o. crazy, tababhe, see lunatic, crease, to tdkura, takure. create, tr. v. halitta, talittci*,
halichi. creation, halitta. creator, n. mahalichi. creature, n. halitta, dabba,
dabbo, pi. dabbuna, dabbobi ;
creatures talikai*. credit, n. bashi, pi. basusuka;
one who wants to buy on c.
mai-bashi ; cf . idiom it is
to a man's c. ya chika mutum. creditor, n. mai-bada bashi,
mabachi. creed, n. imanchi. creep, intr. v. rarrafe, sandu,
sanduwa, kurda* ; to c.
like a cat stealthily ba^/a-
baya*. cress, water c. lafuwa ; common
or garden c. labsur. crest, of a bird tukku, tukkuwa,
tsoro, zanko, tuntu. cricket, n., large burrowing c.
yyare ; a small species of c,
tsanya. crier, n. (one who cries aloud
or proclaims) babbam bade,
pi. bamhadawa, dan ^na'abba;
(one who calls to prayer)
mai-kiran salla, ladan. crime, n. zamba, janaya.
crocodile, n. kdda, kddo, pi. kddodi, kdduna or kadun- duna.
crocodile-bird, (black-headed plover) ladinkogi,jakin gulbi.
crooked, be fandare^, lan- kwashe ; of a tree to grow c. kantare.
crooked, a karkache.
crookedness, karkdta.
crop of a bird, n. maroro, malolo, kururu, baroro.
cross, (or crossing) n. gilme*, pi. gilmomi* or gilnomi* ; a c. gilmen itache* ; c. beam on top of doorway dzara.
cross, tr. V. gilma, ketare, etare, swaba, sdba, yin ketara; capa- ble of being crossed ketaruwa; it cannot be crossed ba shi ketaruwa ; to make to c. (i.e. to ferry over) ketare da (S.), ketara^ da (K.), ketarshe (be- fore a pron.); to c. intr. ketaras.
crossing, n. ketara, pi. ketare- ketare.
crossing, part, ketarewa.
cross-legged, to sit, intr. v. tamatela, tamataila, gijirta, ginchira (S.).
cross-ways, n. mararraban hanya.
crouch, to lobe (S.), robe (K.), raba, rabke, rafake, tdkura*.
crow intr. v. yin chdra, yin
crow
65
cure
kakaruko, yin kukaruku ; cock-crow charan zakara. crow, n. species of, shimkake ; white-backed c. hankaka, pi. hankaki or hankaku. crowbar, ddgi.
crowcrow, n (disease) kaikai, kazuwa ; a herb supposed to cure c. kaskawani. crowd, n. (of people) gayya, taru, masu-tariya, runduna, jmrmitsi, kirmitsi (S.). crowding together, purmutsi. crowing, n. chdra, kakaruko, I kakarako, kukaruku, kiki- ^ rikyi.
crown, to ndde*. cruel, adj. muni, maketachi. cruelly, adv. da muni. cruelty, n. keta, muni, zafin
rai. crumb, n. burugushe, hurhushi, bulbudi, barbadi, gutsura, pi. gutsure, diddiga, marmashi. crupper, (of a saddle) jabaya,
jakuturi.
crush, tr. v. matse, matsa, latse,
laze, murjeki, murtsuki, murt-
sekyi, kumtata*, kuntata*.
crust, a dried c. kamzo, kanzo.
cry, n. kuka, pi. koke-koke;
kuwa, muriya, pi. muriyoyi,
kira, tsawa, tsuwa, sowa; loud
c. u/u, ihu, tsuwa tsuwa, ku-
ruruwa, rakadi, rakwato (Z.).
cry, intr. v. (cry out) yin kuka,
R. H. D.
yin kururuwa, yin tsawa, rubsa (ru/sa, ra/sa or rapsa), kuka; raise a c. dora kira; c. for joy guda ; c. wares for sale talla, pi. tallata; there was a c. of tire ana ta rigimar gobara. cubit, n. kdmu, sabi, ziraH*. cuckoo, lark-heel c. or crow
pheasant ragon maza. cucumber, African c. kur-
zunu. cucurbita, n., see gourd, cud, chewing the c. tuka. cultivate, tr. v. noma, nomi, 7iome ; cultivated land round a town or village karkara, karikara. cultivator, n. manomi, pi.
m,anom,a. cummerbund, mulufi, malufi. cunning, n., see craft, cup, n. tdsa, pi. tdsoshi, gora, pi. gorina, kwariya, koko ; a large c. shintali, sin- tali or shantali, pi. shin- talai. cup, to 2/m ma wani kafo. cupboard, n. loloki*, pi. lolo-
kai*. cupping, n. yin kafo, jiniya. curb, n. mudu. curdle, to daskdra; to cause
to c. daskdre. curds, n., of milk guntsari. cure, tr. v. warkadda ; to be 5
cured
66
damsel
cured warke; the fool is incurable mahaukachi ha shi warkewa.
cured, part, warkakke^ fern. . warkakkiya, pi. warkakku.
curl, intr. V. (used of a snake) tdkura.
curls, a woman's c. dauri, taura.
current, (of a stream) igiyar ruwa.
curse, n. la'ana, wada^ wadda.
curse, tr. V. wa mugunta, la'anta, la^ane Manchi, zcbge, bdchi, garni may you be cui'sod ! tir, fMs, ush.
cursed, part. Wane, feui. la'ana^ pi. la^anu.
curtain, n. (made of fibre and let down in front of a door- way) tsaiwa, bunu, arsabari, zabori, kyaure.
CUSCUS, n. kuskus^, kuskus*.
cuscus-grass, jema.
cushion, n. laferu^ leferu, laheru, pi. laferai ; c. placed on a donkey akumari.
custodian, mai-riko.
custom, n. ada, al'dda, ta'ada, tada (S.), pi. tadodij sabo*, hanya*y pi. hanyoyi*, hdli, pi. hdlaye.
cut, tr. V. yanka, yanke, save, keta, farke, yin saisaya (or sosaya) ; c. into small pieces sassabe, y any ana (K.), yan- h /qfa, girtsa; c. into
strips rede; c. round sha7i- kumbu ; c. down kade ; c. cloth shifta, shifche ; c. with a hoe shema ; c. down the harvest, girhi ; one who cuts off the hands of tliieves birgiji.
cut, part, yankakke, fern, yan- kakka, pi. yankakku ; sararre, fem. sararriya, pi. sararru.
cuticle, fiska, see skin.
cutlass, n. takobi, pi. takuba, tama, tagonias, tamogashi, adda.
cutting off of hands (a punishment for thieving), yankan hannu,
cutting-up, yanyane.
cylinder, c, on which thread is wound for use in shuttle kwarkwaro.
cymbal, a kind of kuge.
dagger, n. cheru (S.), kanga*^
wuka*. daily, adv. kowache rana. dainty, he is d. over his food
shina da taran (or tadan)
abinchi. dais, tugufa*.
dam, for catching fish labuni. damage, n. bama, taskdro (S.). damage, to bamata. damp, n.daushi, damshiylaima^
rima (S.). damsel, n. yarinya^ huduruwai
dance
dance, n. rawa^ Ma, zariya, dawara ; a d. performed by young men hauta^ lela; an inspired d, hori. dance, intr. v. yin rmva, taka ravm, ray a, vmra, yin zariya, ff^alle, hirkida. dancer, a danfoto. dancers, e.g. those possessed by a spirit masu-bori, masu-boli. dancing, tsalle, zariya. dandruff, n. toto, totau, tautau. danger, n. hatsari (K.), hadari (S.), ahi7i tsoro ; a dangerous place wurin tsoro. dangle, to wo lilo. daring^ adj., see brave, dark, adj. da dufu ; phr. it is d. ^ ya yi dufu or rana ta dushe. darkness, n. dufu, dufuwa, dushewa ; utter d. dufu kirin. darn, to yin lalaftu, see seq. : darning, lalaftu, lalaptu,lalah-
tu, la'plaptu'^. dart, n. hankaltilo, hargi, margi ; a d. used for catching fish hdgu, zdgo. darter, (the name of a bird, Plotus) kazarruwa, mddmi- dumi. dash together, tr. v. gwabra,
gobure. date, n. (tree and fruit) dabino ; desert d. aduwa ; a bunch of dates zaraba^ ; dates tied up in a mat lubiya ; a species
67
day
of dark coloured d. zabiya^ pi. zabiyoyi. date, n. (time of an event) yayi, zamani*, loka/^hi^, wo- kachi*. daub, tr. V. ydba, ydbe, dam-
fara, shafa*, shafe*. daubing, ydbe, pi. ydbe-ydbe. daughter, n. diya (S.), pi. yam- mata (for yan-mata), ya (K.). dawdle, intr. v. yin tsaiko. dawdling, n.fatara, tsaiko. dawn, n. wayewa, assuba, fudowa, fudawa; the first glimmer of light before the d. aljiffr, alfjir, jijiji, jijif jibjib ; let us start before the d. mu yi jijif. dawn, intr. v. waye ; the day dawns ga^i ya waye or less commonly Allah ya waye. day, n. (the time from sunrise to sunset) rana, ran or ra, pi. ranuka, ranukka or ranak- ku, used as masc. or fem., wuni ; a day's work wunin aiki ; (twenty-four hours) kwana, pi. kwanaki or kwa- nukka ; to-day yo, yau ; to stay at a place for a d. yini ; three days ago wanshekaran- jiya; the d. before yester- day shekaranjiya ; yesterday jiya ; the following d. rana mai - zakuwa ; to - morrow gobe, kashegari (Kats.), 5-2
dazzle
68
debtor
, wanshekare (S.) ; the d. after to-morrow jlhi ; the d. after the d, after to-morrow gata ; the d. after gata^ i.e. the fifth d. chitta; some d. or other ko ha dade ; the last d. ranan gohe or ranan kiyama ; the d. on which randa (a shortened form of rana da) ; every d. kowache rana ; all d. rana duka; the d. on which a child receives its name ran suna. When d. is used with ordinal numbers the singular form is usually employed, thus : three days rana uku or kwana uku ; to do a thing every d. dimanta. The days of the week are : Sun. lahadi or ladi, Mon. litifii, Tues. talata, Wed. laraba or larba, Thurs. alhamis, Fri. aljimii'a, jumma^a^ jummu'a, aljimma, jimrna'a or jimmu^a, Sat. assuhat, assabat or assibit.
dazzle, tr. v., to d. the eyes makamche ; the lightning has dazzled thine eyes walkiya ta Tnakamche ka.
dead, a4j. matache, fem. mata- chiya, pi. matattu, amache^ mamachi, fem. lyiamachiya ; a d. body mushe^ gawa, pi. gawawaki ; (that which has died of itself) guba ; see die.
deaf, adj. kuruma, kurma, pi.
kurumai ; d. and dumb bebe^
pi. behaye. deaf, be, intr. v. kuruma deafness, n. kurumchi, karum-
ta, bebantaka, tosuwa (S.). dealer, a corn d., fem. maau-
niya. dear, adj. (costly) da tsdda ;
to be d. tsadanta ; (beloved)
masoyi, fem. masoya, pi.
masoyu, lele, abin kamna* ;
to be d. yin tsdda. deamess, n. (high price) tsdda. dearth, n., see want, death, n. mutuwa, macheway
rasuwa, jinkiri*, mata*, (lit.
last sleep) makarin barchi ;
a natural d. mutuwar Allah ;
sudden d. saukin mutuwa ;
the angel of d. (lit. he who
separates) marabiwa. death-watch, (insect) gunda,
gum,da, kichichiya. debt, n. bashi, pi. basusuka^
ramche, ranche ; to pa}' a d.
biya bashi ; to get into d.
chi bashi ; to recover a d.
biyo bashi, bim bashi ; surety
for payment of a d. lamuni,
phr. he is in my debt shina
da bashina or ina bin sa
bashi. debtor, n. mai-chin bashi^ mai-
karban bashi, mai-daukan
bashi, m^abachi, mabarchi
(K.).
decapitation 69
decapitation, kunkurus, ku- Tunkus, kurungus, kungurus.
decay, to ruha^ riha.
decayed, rubahbe, pi. ruhabhu.
deceit, n. munafuchi (S.), manafuchi, munafichi (K.), munafuki, barkwanchi, riki- chi, ha'inchi, wayo, Idbo*, rudi*, yaudara, algus, algusu, algushi, rigingini, zankam (K.); (lit. two hearts) zuchiya
degrade
deceitful, adj. marikichi, mai- rigingini, mai-zalumchi, mai- algus, mai-algusu, azzalumi^ marude, mai-rude, pi. maruda^ mai-yaudara.
deceitfully, adv. da zalumchi ; to treat d. yin zalumchi ; to act d. rikiche.
deceive, tr. v. ruda, rudi, rude; chuchi, chuche, yaudara, shor mata, shamache, zantara, hdge.
deceived, be, v. rudu, rude.
deceived, part, rudadde, fern. rudadda, pi. rudaddu.
deceiver, n. marude^ mai-rude^ see deceitful.
decide, tr. v. (of a judge) raba, yanka shari'a, yanka magana.
deck, to sitirta, suturta.
declaration, e.g. before a judge, biyayya.
declare, tr. v. hadichi, labarta, habarta, fada; d. openly baydna, bayena, chashe ; d.
positively furuchi, furch% hurchi^ hurta. decline, v. (grow less) karkdta, rage; the day declines rana ta tawaya, see decrease ; (refuse) ki, kiya. decorous, adj., see becoming, decrease, n. rdguwa. decrease, tr. v. rdg% rdge, tawaya, tauwi ; intr. v. ragu, tawaya, tawayo, tauwi, tauye, kasa^ da. decree, n. ajali*. deed, n., see act. I deep, adj. da zurfi, mai-zurfi ; I a d. place (usually with water I in it) gulbi, pi. gulabe. i deer, n., see antelope. I defect, n. Idhani, aibi, aibu ; see blemish, defence, kdriya, datsiya*. I defend, tr. v., see guard. I defer, tr. v./dsa. defiance, tamanya, tamayya
(S.). defile, tr. V. tozarta, kasanta, kazamtad da; see pollute, defraud, tr. and intr. v. chin kura, chin riba, sdfa (S.), zantara; one who defrauds maizamba, mai-chin kura ; see cheat, defy, to harzuka ga, hasala
ga. degradation, kankanchi. degrade, to maida baya.
dejected
dejected, see disheartened.
delay, n.fdshi, yauchi, dadewa, indainda, jinkiri ; without d. babu fashi.
delay, intr. v. yin fdshi, yin yauchi, wanzu, dada; to d. to deliver a message ida labari ; he delays to come ya yi nauwa or ya yi yauchin zakuwa ; to d., tr. fdsa.
deliberate, intr. v. yin sha- wara.
deliberately, adv. da gangan.
deliberation, n. shdwara, pi. shawarori, shawaruna, shd- warwara ; place of d. wurin shdwara.
delicacy, a abin marmari.
delight, tr. v., see please.
delirious, adj.,d. persons masu- bori, masu-boli, yan-bori.
deliver, tr. v. (give over) bada, bashi, yarda; (save) cheto, cheche, tsiras da, tsirad da, tsar da, chira, kwache, kwashe.
deliverance, n. cheto, tsiraro, machechiya, tsira, fansa, pansa, hansa.
delivered, be, v. haifu.
deliverer, n. machechi, pi. ma- cheta.
demon, n. aljan, aljani, fern. aljana, pi. aljannuov aljinnu, jinnu; bori, pi. boruruka, boruruwa.
demonstrate, to yin tabbas.
70 desert
demonstration, gaye.
denial, n. (dispute in which something is denied) gar- dama, musu, jayaiyya.
deny, tr. v. musu, hana*, ki.
depart, intr. Y.fUa, rdsu, rabu, hard.
departure, n.fUa.
deposit, n. amdna, karo, la- muni* ; to steal a d. chin amdna; those who steal a d. masu-tabin amdna; a place in which to d. anything maaji.
depression, a kwdri, kware (S. ).
deprivation, n., e.g. of goods woji.
depth, n. zurji ; he got out of his d. ruwa ya sha kansa ; it is out of a man's d. here ruwa ya shake mutum, a nan.
depute, to wdkala.
deputy, mdm,ayi, na'ibi ; see regent.
deranged, a person, n. mai- wauta, mahaukachi ; to act as one d. yin raurawa.
deride, tr. v. yin boHa, ba^a^ zunda, yin zunde.
derision, n. ba^a, zunde, zumde.
descend, intr. v. shida or shida, shide, shido, jlda, sabka, sapka ; descend ! jido.
descendants, zuri'a.
desert, n. (i.e. a solitary place) ddwa, daji, sabra*, saura*^ hamdda, jeji.
desert
71
deviate
desert, (worthiness) chinchinta, chanchanta.
deserter, n. (in war) kazum.
designedly, adv. da gangan.
desire, n. 1. (wish) so, karana^, marddi (S. ),murddi( K,),/ata ; eager d. kwala7na(K. ), kagdra, marmari ; desires zuchiya*, na/si*, kodai, kwadai ; evil d. shawa, sha^awa, guri.
2. (the thing wished for) abinso, maradi, muradi, guri, nufi, nufe ; he accomplished his d. ya chika hadama.
desire, tr. v. so, nufe, nufi, yin kagdra, yin fata ; to burn with d. kona, kuna*, kone, kwadaye, lamiranta ; intr. v. direct the d. maida kamna.
desist, intr. v. daina, dena, bari, bar. I desolate, to make d. yin kadaita.
desolation, n. kango, pi. kan- gogi or kanguna ; afko, ka- daita, risbawa, rizbawa, ruz- gawa (S.), rubzawa (K.).
despair, to fida zuchiya.
despicable, adj., see despised.
despise, tr. v. rena, kyale, yin tsantsani, tarsa*.
despised, part, renanne, fem. renanna, pi. renannu, kas- kastache, pi, kaskastu.
despising, part, renawa, reni ; the d. of advice renin wayo.
despoil, tr. v. (in war) yin buruntu, chin ganima.
destiny, n. ajali, jinkiri, ku- dira, kudura, kadara^ rdbo*.
destitute, one who is, u. gande, gindau, gyande, fem. gyandu- wa, pi. gyandaye, fanko, mat- siyachi, pi. matsiyata, mayun- wachi*, pi. mayanwata*, ko- maro, karare ; cf . rashi, maras.
destroy, tr. v. bdta, bdche, bachi, bdtas, haldka, afka, fdsa, banna, yakuta, chi*.
destroyed, be, v. lalache, gur- bache, yakache, yamutse* ; about to be d. rnai-afkawa.
destroyed, part, bdtache, fem. bdtachiya, pi. bdtattu,
destruction, n. afko, halaka, lalata, ta'adi, ta'ada, bdtachi.
detain, tr. v. riko, tsaida, tsai- she, tsayas da, tsere, hana.
detect, tr. v. (e.g. in a fault) y^itse, rutse.
detention, riko.
deter, tr. v., see prevent,
determined, one who is d. mai-daurin anniya.
detour, to make a d. zaga.
devastate, tr. v. yin afko, yin kadaita, waso.
developed, i.e. full-grown gawurtache, fem. gawurtachi- ya, pi. gawurtatu ; kasaitache.
deviate, intr. v. (from a straight course) bauda, baude used
deviation
72
diligence
with hanya ; ratsa^ yin raise ;
causing to d. haudewa. deviation, raise, ratsowa. device, n. hila, fila. devil, n. shaitan, shetan, shai-
tani, iblis, ibilis ; see demon, devoid of, see without, devour, tr. v. rida, chinye,
chanye, chingi, hadiye, rushe
(K.). dew, n. raba; a drop of d.
digar rdba. dialect, yare, halshe*. diarrhoea, n. gudawa, gudun-
daji, zawo, zawayi ; a
medicine for d. filasko. dibble, (hoe) sungumi. dice, n. kuri^a, karen chacha ;
a throw of d. jefan kuri^a;
to cast d. yin modi (cowrie
shells are generally used
instead of d. for purposes
of gambling). dictation, writing from d.
shibta*. die, iiitr. V. mache, machi, mutu
(this is seldom used except
to denote the past tense),
rdsu ; d. a natural death
yin mushe. differ, intr. v. yin dabam, yin
daban, yin bambam. difference, n. dahamchi, bam-
bamchi, bambanta, baram-
baran ; what is the d.
between this and that?
minene bambamchin wannan da wanchani or ina marabin wannan da wanchan 1 there is no d. ba su bambanta ; differences (points of vari- ance) tsakankani.
different, adj. dabam, daban, dabam dabam ; d. from da- bam da, dabam ddga, bam- bam ddga; a d. sort iri dabam.
differentiate, to bambanta, yin dabam.
difficult, adj. da wuya ; it is d. to know all things abin duniya da wuyan sani ; it is too d, for me ya buwaye 7ii, ya faskare ni, ya faye ni, na kasa or ya Ji karijina.
difficulty, n. wuya ; with d.
dakyat {^.), dakyal, dakya/r
.(K.).
dig, tr. V. gina, gino, tona*, haka ; d. in the ground fuda, turbude, yasa, yashe, to dig a new well gina rigiya ; to dig out or clean out an old well yasa rigiya ; d. up land karta, kirta ; d. with a hoe ' shera, hira (S.) ; d. holes, e.g. for planting trees bisa^ bushe.
dignified, adj., a d. person i datijo.
dignity, mutum^chi.
diligence, n. kokari, himma^ kwazo, anniya.
, diligent
73
disdain
diligent, be, intr. v. yin anni-
ya, maida hirtima, maida
kokari ; be d. ! ku hada
kokarinku. diligent, adj. da kwazo^ mai-
kwazo. diligently, adv. da himma, da
anniya. dim, to be, intr. v. dindimi,
dundumi ; to become d. dushe
or dishe. diminish, see decrease, dimness, n. dushe wa, dishewa ;
d. of sight makamchi, bam-
harakwai* . dip, tr. V. tsoma, soma* ; d .
under water nuta^ nutse,
7iutsa ; to d. the head in
water yin kunduma. dipping, (e.g. of meat in soup)
tso7ni. direct, adj., e.g. a d. path
hanya sosai. direction, sassa, bige, guge,
luaje. directly, adv. yanzii, ko yanzu,
na7i da nan. dirt, n. guiba, gwiba, gwibi,
dauda, kazdmi^ kazamta,
kazanta. dirty, adj. da dauda^ kazami,
fern, kazama ; to make d.
yin dauda. disagree, intr. v., see quarrel, disagreement, n. saban% swa-
bani (S.), see discord.
disappear, intr. v. gurbache^^ rutsa*.
disappointed, be, intr. v. kal- niashe zuchiya.
disapproval, a gesture of d., the hand being extended and all the fingers pointed forwards, ambola^ dakuwa.
disaster, see misfortune.
discern, tr. v. ji*, gane.
discernment, n. baslra.
discharge, tr. v. 1. (fire ofF) buga, halbi, harbi.
2. (send away) see dis- miss.
disciple, n. almajiri, fem. ahnajira, pi. alm.ajirai.
discomfort, n. mako.
discontent, an exclamation of gasa.
discontented, adj. one who is d. matsiyachi, pi. matsiyata.
discord, n. fasadi, fasada, kiyayya, swabani, rikichi*, fiisuma, gardama* ; see dis- pute.
discount, n. jdra ; a special d. Ict'ada ; what d. is allowed ? ina rangwame ?
discourage, tr. v. sake fuska (lit. to change the face).
discover, tr. v. kaga, see find.
discussion, n. maganta, ma- gantawa, magantirwa ; to hold a d. yin maganta. disdain, tr. v., see despise.
disease
74
distance
disease, n. chitvuta, chiwo.
disgrace, n. walakanchi', see shame.
disgrace, tr. v. falasa, fallasa, 'palasa, kumyata.
disgust, n. kyama, see dislike.
dish, n., a large wooden d. akushi, akoshi, pi. akussa, jemo ; a flat d. made of plaited grass taitai ; d. -cover (made of plaited grass)ya{/ai, pi. fiyafai ; the knob which forms the top of a d. -cover tuku, tuntu, tsoro, tukkuwa.
dishearten, tr. v. kariya zuchiya ; phr. you d. me ka kariya ma ni zuchiya, I am disheartened zuchiyata ta hachi ; see discourage.
dishonour, n. kankanchi, kumya*.
dishonour, to ka^kasta, kus- kunta.
dislike, n. haushi, kiyayya, ki- yeya, kyeya, kyama ; see hate.
dislike, tr. v. ki, kiya, yankan kamna, tsangwama ; they d. him suna jin haushinsa.
dislocate, to, a bone gule.
dismay, n., see fear.
dismount, intr. v. shido, sahka, shida kasa, jlda ; see alight.
disobedience, n. kinji, kiwuya, shishige, tayazwa.
disobedient, he is d. shi ne mai-kangara.
disobey, tr. v. kiji, tayas.
disperse, tr. v. kawas da, watsa, ware, walwache, war- watse ] disperse ! ku waru.
dispersed, wararre.
displease, tr. v. hata zuchiya; this displeased him wannan ya hata zuchiyarsa ; see distress.
disposition, n. (temper) hdli, pi. halaye ; good d . farinjini (lit. white blood); bad d. bakin zuchiya (lit. blackness of heart) ; lalata, kafirchi,. mugun gashi*.
dispute, n. gardama, sabdbiy subabi, binch%ki,fusuma, swa- bani, tsalmi, tsarmi.
dispute, intr. v. yin gardama,. yin kokanto.
disregard, tr. v. rena, kyahf shdm,uke ; see despise.
disrespectful, d. language or ' contempt of court ' ashar.
dissemble, intr. v., see pre- tend.
dissent, intr. v., express d. by turning the head away kauda kai, girgiza kai.
dissimulation, riya.
dissolute, adj., see profligate.
dissolve, 1. tr. v. narke. 2. intr. v. narku.
distance, n. nesa, nisa, (aloof- ness) nesanta; to place at a d. nesanta ; to keep a d. from nesanchi, nisanchi ; a
I distant
75
do
measure of d. (as far as the eye can reach) jetaka* ; I saw him from ad. na hange shi ddga nesa.
distant, adj. ddga nesa, da nesa, nesa ; d. from 7iesa ddga.
distinct, adj., see different.
distinguish, to kehe, kehanche, kehanta, rarrabe ; it was im- possible to d. between ha a rarrabe.
distorted, amurgude.
distrain, to wdshe.
distress, n. nawdya, wuya, icahala,matsiyaxihi,'inatsiyata, tsananta.
distress, tr. v. tsananche, sa wahala, dawainiyasda, da-
nawdya ; that
which causes d. abin da wuya. distressed, be, v. fargaba,
Jirgaba, matsu, masu, jin
wahala ; I was d. na ganiu
da nawaya. distribute, tr. v. rdba, rdbas da,
rdbas (without obj.), kaivama. district, n. gari*, wuri*, gun-
d,uina (S.). distrust, to farga*, tsangwama. ditch, n. ganwa, wuriya. dive, intr. V. nutsa (K.), nuto
(S.), nutse, nitso, ninkdya,
auka. divide, tr. v. rdba, rdbi*, ra-
bas da, rarrabi, rarraba, kdsa;
to d. in half bar a.
divided, be, intr. v. rdbu^
warwari, wawari. divided, part, rababbe, fem.
rababba, pi. rababbu ; marar-
raba. divination, duba. diving, n. nuta. division, n. rdbo, rdbu, pi.
raberabe ; mararrabi ; the
dividing point of two roads.
mararrabin hanya; d. of a.
town (within the walls) shiya,
unguwa, pi. unguwai or un-
guni*; d., i.e. allotted portion,,
J'asali. divorce, n. sakeiva, shiki, yayi*^ divorce, tr. v., d. a woman
shika, saki, kore all followed
by mache. dizziness, jiri. do, tr. and intr. v. 1. (act) yi
aiki.
2. (accomplish) yi, {, yiwa^ iwa, yiwo, two, wa, aiki.
3. (succeed) yi.
i. to do a thing once tdba.
5. to labour at aikata ; phr. it is done an yi shi, it does (i.e. it is satisfactory) ya yi; I never did so ban tdba yin haka ; can it be done ? shi yiwul it cannot be done ba shi yiwuwa ; which way did he go ? wanne waje ya yi 1 na yi I did, is often contracted into nai.
doctor
76
drain
doctor, n. mai-mdgani, atta- bibi*, likita* ; a quack d. boka, pi. bokaye.
dog, n. kdre^ f. kdriya, pi. kar- nuka, auzu ; house d. kdren gida; wild hunting d. hjal- kechi, karkechi, kyarkyechi, kirikinji, kilikinji; a mad d. mahaukachin kdre.
dollar, n. ddla (usually applied to the Austrian Maria Theresa d.), riycd% liyar, madafa*.
dominion, n., see kingdom.
done, part., see do.
donkey, n. jaki, fern, jakanya, pi. jakai, jakkai or jakuna ; d.'s pad Idheru, laferu; for names of various species of donkeys, see ass.
door, n. kqfa, pi. kofoji, ko- funa or kofai ; kofal gida^ ganfibu ; doorway bdkin kqfa ; a mat made of grass or reeds let down in front of doorway tufaniya, arsabari, askuniya, marufin kofa, tsahore, zabore, bunu, pi. bunai, kyaure, tsaiwa, tsa- waya ; a d. made of corn stalks kwadabe (S.); d. post kwabrin kofa, kulkin kofa ; pole or bar to keep the d. shut mataushin kofa, ma- dogara, gagarabado ; door- keeper sarikin kqfa ; a d.
made of palm planks kyauren kyami.
dot, n. (e.g. the d. placed above or below a letter) guda (S.) ; the large d. placed below the line to denote the sound e yamald*, imala*.
doubt, n. zuchiya biyu (lit. two hearts), tajnbaba, kokanto, tantama, zulumi, zalumi, zato, shakka ; without d. babiv wawa, babu shakka, babu shak, babu tambaba ; an ex- pression of d. wai.
doubt, intr. v. yin (or da) zuchiya biyu, yin tambaba, yin tantama, yin shakka, hasashi, hasashe.
dough, n. gaya.
dove, n. kurchiya, pi. kurdche, kurchiyoyi ; ring d. wala, pi. walu, aguwa : red-eyed d. hasbiya, hazbiya ; bronze- winged d. gar da, ; long- tailed African d. bardo ; a rock d. jdba dutsi.
down, adv. a kasa, a kas; to put d. sako.
down, n. (of birds) sabon gashi.
dowry, n. gdra, baiko.
doze, to gyangyadi, yin angaje.
drag, tr. V. janye, jaye ; see draw.
dragon-fly, masu*.
drain, (ditch) wuriya.
drake
77
droop
drake, n. zakaraa dumya, sa ! kaza.
j draw, tr. v. ja, jajaya, kak- kare, karkare ; to d. forth or out fisge, fizge, fusge, Jlshshe, zara, tabe, tabi, sakatta, saka- che ; to d. towards one3elf;a^oo, zaro ; to d. after one jaka ; d. a line or a furrow kirta, karta; to d. strokes zdna; to d. a sketch sifata, sifache; to d. out sabule ; d. a sword zara, zari ; to d. the foot on the ground murjeki, mur- tsiki ; to d. water jan ruwa, gugana, debe ruwa, clebo ruwa, dauka ruwa ; to d. near duno*; to d, \ia.(ik. jayi ; to d. out, e.g. from water tsamo.
drawer, n. akodi*, sanduki*, sanduki*.
drawing, (sketch) sifa.
dream, n. mafalki (S.), mafarki
dream, intr, v. yin mafalki.
dregs, n. gwiba, gwibi.
dress, n., gorgeous d. daraja ;
see clothes, dress, tr. v. (put on clothes)
sa \ d. leather jemi ; d. meat
feda nama. dressed, part, (prepared) gyar-
tachche, fern, gyartatta, pi.
gyartattu. dresser, n. (of leather) majemi,
mai-jima.
dried, part, kekasashe, fern. kekasashiya, pi. kekasassu, busashe, busheshe, bushebushe, sanyaye, shanyaye, fern, shan- yaya, pi. shanyayu ; dried-up tree kalun itache, kwaurin (or kwahrin) itache*.
drill, to d. soldiers birga.
drill, of soldiers rawa*,
drink, n. abinsha ; a d. made of honey, pepper and water betso, baiso* ; a d. made with flour, etc. koko; an intoxi- cating d. made from oruinea- corn giya ; ruwan-sha.
drink, tr. v. sha, shawo,
shanya, shay a ; to d. greedily dirki ; to give to d. shadda, shayad da, shayas da ; it is undrinkable ba shi shayuwa.
drinking, n. sha, pi. shaye-
drinking- water
drippings, e.g. from trees ru- wan ganye.
drive, tr. v. (d. away) kora, kore, koro, famfare, i ma, iza^ ije, yin artai ; d. to a distance nesanta; d. away in disgust kaskasta, kuskunta; d. out Jishe, fishshe.
driver-ant, n. kwarkwasa^ kwalkwasa.
driving, n. (away in war) artai, kora.
droop, to lankwasa, lankwashe.
drooping
78
dum-palm
drooping, lankwaso.
drop, n. diga, dugo, pi. dugogi,
ddso, darso, tarfi ; a d. of
dew dug on raha. drop, tr. and intr. v. 1. (pour
out by drops) tarfi, tarfa, yin
darshi; it is dropping yaiia
diga.
2. (let fall) saki, tsaga, kuhche.
3. intr. v., see fall.
dropping, n.
dropsy, n.fdra.
dross, n. (scum of metals) kashin tama, kwam makera.
drought, n. far in yunwa^fari*, firi, furi.
drown, tr. v. gangante*, nitsa- she*', intr. v. nitso, sha ruwa ; he was drowned ya sha ruwa.
drum, n. kida, kidi, kalango, kurkutu (S.), kuntukuru* ; a large d. gang a, pi. ganguna, banga, dundufa, gangami, jdmi* ; a small d. bishi ; a d. shaped like an hour-glass held under the arm, covered with skin in front but open behind kotso, koso,jauje.juje ; a d. made out of a gourd talle ; ad. with pointed bottom carried in a royal procession tom5ari ; a stringed d. open at one end kuriya, kwuriya ; the sound of a d. wasa*, girib ; large d. used
by a king
(s.)-
drum, intr. v. yin kidi, yin
wargi^, kankada, Mda. drummer, n. makidi ; a
mounted d. ma^archi. drumming, n. kidi, pi. kide-
kide ; (accompanied by danc- ing) kidin dambe, garaya. drum-stick, makidi, makadi. drunk, to be yin niaye, bugu ;
pai-ticip. bugage. drunkard, n. mashayi. drunkenness, n.hajijiya,maye. dry, adj., see dried, dry, 1. tr. v. kekashe, kekasa,
bushe, sanya, shanya, kdfe ;
put out to d. sanyato, jibe ;
to d. in the sun bdri* ; to d.
meat before a fire kyafa,
kyapa.
2. intr. v. shekare; to d.
up (used of a well) kafe,
(wither or d. up as water)
tsotsa*. dryness, kekasa. dry season, n. rani. duck, n. kazan yariba, agwa-
gwa ; small water d. jalili ;
African tree d. kirinjijiya ;
comb of a d. dani. duck, v., to d. the head kauche
kai. dumb, (d. and deaf person)
bebe, pi. bebaye. dum-palm, n., see palm.
dun
dun, to d. a person for debt hi.
dung, n. kdshi, taki, artai, najasa, najasu, gaitsi, toroso, taroso, tutu, tsura, tsula (S.) ; d. of cows or camels kandilu ; d. hole saiga, pi. salgagi, sarga, salanga (Zanf.), hay an gida*, kwarkware; d. hill jujai, jihji, hirhizo, hizo (S.).
dungeon, n. kurkuku, see prison.
duration, matsayi.
during, prep, chikin, a, da, ga, muddar ransa d. (or all) his life.
dust, n. kura, toka^, pi. to- kuna* ; d. storm gugutva, holoko, huluku.
dwarf, n. wadd,iem. wadaniya, pi. wadani, kuru. <
dwell, iiitr. V, zamna, zauna.
dweller, n. mai-zamna.
dwelling, n. mazamni, ma- zauni, wurin zamna, shigifa, pi. shigifu or shigifoji.
dye, n. Hna; a black d. kwaloko* ; a reddish d. ga- lura ; a yellow clay used as ad. for women's faces dala ; a red d. majigi.
dye, tr. V. rini, rina, yin tabsa, tura, yin turi ; d. pit marina, pi. mdrinai, karofi (K.); a place where clothes are beaten when being dyed
79 early
mahugiya ; owner of a d.
pit or dyer mdrini, pi. ma-
surini. dyed, part, rinanne, fern, rin-
anna, pi. rinannu, turarre,
fern, turara, pi. turaru. dyeing, tahsa, tausa, turi, tu-
ranta, yanayi. dyer, n., see dye. dysentery, n. gudun daji,
gvdun dawa, zawo, anago,
ana gudawa, atuni ; medicine
for d. domashi.
each, pron. adj. kowanne, fem. kowache ; e. of us kowan- neniinu ; e. of them kowan- nensu.
eager, adj. da kwardka.
eagerness, n. kwadayi, kodai, kwada*, kwardka; see desire.
eagle, n. jisasa (K.) ; crested e. angulun kwakwa; white- necked e. gagdfa.
ear, n. kunne, pi. kunnuwa; hollow behind the ear geto, gato ; wax in the e. kwanyan kunne, daudan kunne ; to erect the ears kere ; to turn back the ears Id/e ; e. of corn kuhe, zangarniya, zangarko \ e. of gero cooked for eating tumu.
early, adv. wuri, da wuri, dauri ; very e. wuri wuri ; e. in the morning sassa/e,
earnest money
80
egret
fudowa, fudawa^ tangarai, assuba ; e. or an e. start samako, sammako.
earnest money, n. amdna*, shigam hiya.
earth, n. 1. (the world) duniya. 2. (soil) kdsa, pi. kdsashe, kdsaisai, turhaya, turda (S.); very hard e. tsandauri.
earthquakes, raye-rayen duni- ya.
earth-worm, tana^ pi. tanu.
earwig, tsatso.
easily, adv. hahu wuya, ha da wuya ha, sannu*, da sauki.
east, n. gdhas, gdhaz^ ; one who comes from the e. hagahasi.
eastward, adv. gahachi.
easy, adj. that is easier ya fi sauki ; see easily.
eat, tr. V. chi; to e. greedily chanye, chinye, rushe (K.), ginsu, gundura, yin hamfude, hamfudi, gamha, chingi, da- gwiya-j to snatch in order to e. rida ; anything to e. ahinchi ; plenty to e. zar% zowari, jihgi, lashe ; that which is good to e. tu- tushi; to give to e. chida, chishe or chiyad da \ eating a little at a time chiye-chiye ; cf. prov. to eat a little at a time is better than to eat up all at once chiye-chiye ya fi chainyewa; eating in secret
kurmusu; one who hides him- self in order to e. mai-kur- musu.
eavesdrop, to Idhe.
eavesdropping, rafake.
ebony-tree, kainya, kaiwa. I
echo, n. kuruwa, koguwa*, jeji ya amsa.
eclipse, n., e. of the moon husvji (Ar.), kamunwata, du- shewa ; e. of the sun kusuji.
ecstasy, n. hauka, haukachi* .
edge, n. kauye, kowi, kawachi* ; (of stream) refe, kauyen ruwa ; (of a knife) kaiji ; (of a sword) hdki ; (of cloth) lafe, laji '^ madaji*, chinkai*.
edged, adj. (sharp e.) da kaiJi.
educate, tr. v. yin reno*,foro^.
education, n. Iddahi, kardtu*.
effective, mai-anfdni.
egg, n. kwai (kwoi), kwan kaza, pi. kwanyaye ; e. shell kwasfa, kwasta, pi. kosfofiy kwasfofi) kamhori, hamharokiy hawon kwai; a bad e. dunge; yolk of e. gwabduwa, kwabdua, gwanduwa; a hen laying egg'& dakwalwa ; to lay eggs kanya kwaij aje kwai, ajiye kwai (K.).
egg-plant, gauta, yalo.
egret, zarbi^ zalbi; the great white e. or heron ^arm zarbi ; little e. halhela, badbila, hil- hila.
: Egypt
Egypt, n. Masar, Mazar'^ ; the
inhabitants of E, inasaraiva.
eight, adj. takwas.
eighteen, adj. goma sha ta-
ktvas, sha takwas, ishirin
hiyu habu.
eighth, adj. na-takwas, fem.
ta-takwas; one e. sumuni. eighty, adj. tamanin. either, adj. ko ; e.... or ko...
ko ; walau*. elaeis guineensis, n. (= oil
palm) kwakwa. elapse, intr. v. (of time) shige ;
see finish, elasticity, yauki^ yabki. elbow, n. kusuruwan hannu, sukuruwan hannu, diddigin I hannu, gwiwar hannu; from f the e. to the shoulder damtse, damchi, pi. damatsa or da- mutsa. elder, e. brother wa, pi. yeye ;
e. sister ya. eldest, adj. hahha^, dan far i. elect, tr. v., see choose, elephant, n. giwa, pi. giwaye j a young e. parma; male e. toron giwa, toro ; trunk of e. hannun giwa; tusks of e. (i.e. ivory) hakorin giwa, haurin giwa. elephantiasis, n. gugi, maku-
lashe. eleven, adj. goma sha day a, sha daya, R. H. D.
81
encamp
eleventh, adj. na-goma (fem.
ta-goma) sha daya. else, see other, emaciated, part, a rame, ra-
mamme ; see lean, emancipate, tr. v. yanchi,
bada diyauchi. embankment, Idbuni, embark, intr. v. haujirigi. embarrassment, fulako, see
shame, embezzlement, hdinchi. embrace, tr. v. runguma, run-
gume. embroider, tr. v. yin sharaba. embroidered, (e.g. trousers)
mai-surfani. embroidery, n. tindumi, shara- ba ; e. on a shirt algaba, aska ; e. on front of a tobe kunkun- gaba, gudungaba, mumbari. embryo, tdyi (S.). emerald, n. zumurruz*. emetic, n. katala. emir, n. amiru, amiri. emperor, n. sultan. emphasize, to karfafa. employment, safara (S.). emptiness, n. wofi, yofi (S.). empty, a place that is e. kango,
pi. kangogi or kangaye. emulation, n. klshi, kishiya,
pi. kishiyoyi, gdsa. enable, tr. v., see help, encamp, intr. v. shida, shide, sapka. sabka, sauka.
6
encampment
82
entice
encampment, n. sanscmi, zan-
go^ umrin sahka. enchantment, sihiri ; see
sorcery, encircling, n. kewaya^ kewayo. enclosure, n. (for cattle, etc.)
garke, garge (S.), sayi ; see
fold, encompass, tr. v. (e.g. a town
in war) rize. encounter, tr. v. gama da,
ganiu da, tariye. end, n. kdre, karko, makari,
makare, karshe, makoma ;
(boundary) iyaka. end, 1. intr. v. kdre, tsaya,
tsayi, mutu*, yamutse; come
utterly to an e. karkare. 2. tr. V. wanya, wanye,
wanyi, kdre; (e. conversation)
yanke mag ana ; the affair is
ended ya kare. endeavour, n. kokari. endeavour, intr. v. yin kokari ;
one who endeavours mai-
kokari. ending, karewa, karko, tukewa. endurance, tasiri (S.), see
courage, endure, 1 . tr. v. jimri, daure. 2. intr. v. (suff'er) dauri ;
(continue) yin karko, dada,
dadi. enduring, part. 1. (lasting)
dadewa, matahhdta.
2. (suffering) see patient.
enemy, n. ahokin gdba, makiyi, pi. makiya, mai-kinji, magah- chi.
enfranchise, tr. v., see free.
English, adj. wherever the word is known the form Ingliz or Ingilis borrowed from the Arabs of N. Africa is used ; an Englishman would be mutum Ingilis.
engrossed, to be e. in anything shagula, natsu.
enjoy, tr. v. sha*, chi* ; to e. the shade sha inuwa.
enjoyment, n. murna, abin murna', see joy.
enlarge, tr. v. fadada, yin girma.
enmity, gdba, zaman.
enough, n. da ya isa, buss, kul; to have e. koshi ; one who has eaten e. kosashshe, pi. kosas- su ; it is e. ya isa, ya koshi*.
enquire, see inquire.
ensign, n. tuta, pi. tutochi.
enslave, tr. v. maida bawa, bautad da-, to be enslaved shiga bauta.
ensure, to wajabta, see certain.
entangle, to nanade, ddne*y jiche (S.), ki/a (K.), surmuka ; to become entangled sarke.
enter, tr. v. (go in) shlga; (come in) shigo ; cause to e. shigas da.
entice, tr. v. rude..
i
entire
entire, adj., see complete, entirely, adv. kap-^ see also I faye and ji. entrails, yan chiki. entrance, n. (aperture) kofa; e. room (e.g. to palace) dan- I, dali.
I entrap, tr. v. yin hako, yin ' tarko. entreat, tr. v. hiko, roko. entrenchment, n. kdgara, kdgaruwa, pi. kdgaru, san- sani. entrust, tr. v. hada, yin sabtu,
danka. enumerate, to lisafta, lisalta,
lasalta, Hsabta, lisanta. envy, n. keta, kiyaiya, kishi, I kishiya, hdsada^ haushi. enwrap, duntsa, duntse. epilepsy, n. falfada (S.), /«r- i fada {K..),farfadiya. ^equal, adj. sosai, daidai, tan- gam, tangas; to make e. daidaita, yi ya ; to be e. isa ; a thing which is e. to abin gamawa; this is e. to that waiinan ya yi ya wunchan. equal, (fellow) tsdra, p].tsarare. equality, sauwi. equivalent, n. wato*, watau*. erase, tr. v. yin maimai, shdfa,
kankara. srect, tr. V. tashe, tada, 3rr, intr. v. manta^ manche, kus- kure, saha.
83
even
errand, n. sako. error, n. mantuwa, kure, sabo. eructate, to yunkiXra. escape, n. place of e. wurin
tsira. escape, intr. v. Jtchi, furche, tsira, gudu, kurchi, kurche, kubche, subuche, subiche. escort, n. rakiya(^.), rdko (K.),
kuto. escort, tr. v. yin rakiya, rdka,
rdki, rake, roma*. espy, to hanga, hangi, hange, hango ; I espied him afar na hange shi ddga nesa, he was the first to e. me ya hango ni. establish, to tuturta, kafa. established, part, (firmly fixed) tabbatachche, fern, tabbatach- chiya; kdfaffe^i^m. kafaffiya, pi. kdfaffu. esteem, n. hasafi. estimate, tr. v. kauwama,
kawamata*, kimanta. estrangement, n. rabuwa. eternal, adj. hal (ovhar) abada, eunuch, n. babd or babani, pi.
babdnni, laihi, marmdta. euphorbia, n. kumkumiya, fidda-sartse, kyarana, tinya. European, n. ba-Ture, pi.
Turawd^. evade, to zuke.
even, adj. 1. (smooth) dasamtsi. 2. ef. e. or odd chika ko mara.
6—2
even
84
excel
even, adv. ko ; e. now ko yanzu. evening, n. mareche, maraiche ; yamma ; late e. almauru^ almuru^ magaruh, mcigariba, mangariba, lisha, cf. under rana; in the e, da mareche^ da yamma; phr. I continue travelling till e. ina yini tafiya^ it is e. mareche ya yi; to depart in the e. maraita. eventually, adv. yauyau^ yo- yo. ever, adv. 1. (at any time) da- dai, taba, e.g. have you ever seen him 1 ka tdba ganinsa ? have you ever been to Sokoto? ka tdbaje Sakwato ? 2. (for ever) tutul, tutur, tutu, tutuk, tutut, hal (or har) abadd. everlasting, adj. matuturchi, m,adawam,i*f matabbatawa*. every, adj. duka, duk,kuUum*; everyone kowa, kowanne, fern, kowache, pi. kowddanne, see Gr. p. 18 ; everything duka komi, dukachin komi, komi ; e. day kowache rana ; e. morning kullum safe ; e. night kullum dare. everywhere, ko'ina. evil, n. abin mugu, bannai, m,ugunta, shara, shariri, gaya*, swabo, zunufi; zun- ubi*, e. desire sha'awa; e. disposition lalata, mugunta,
ka/archi, kafirchi ; e. thought bdkar zuchiya ; e. spirit ibilis ; e. speaking annam^imi ; e. principle existing in the world duniya* ; e, doer mai- swaho ; to e. intreat kan- kanta. evil, adj. m,ugu, fern, mugunya, pi. Tniyagu, m,um/m,una* \ see bad. ewe, n. tumkiya, pi. tumdki. exact, adj. sarai. exactly, rab, rap ; it fits e. ya
kama rab. exactly, adv. tangas. exaggerate, glna waiwai, yal-
wata labari. exalt, tr. v. daukaka, daiikake,
m,aida girm,a. exalted, part, (epithet applied
to God) ta'ala, madaukaka. examine, tr. v. dandana*, dan-
dani* ; see look at. example, n. koyi, nuni, koko-
ya* ; his e. kokoyansa. exceed, tr. v. buway Ji, zoba (S.) ; dada* ; strength gargara, gagara. exceed, to e. in (have much
of) yawaita. exceedingly, ainin. excel, intr. v. faye, ddra (S.), yin fifiko, gota, girme ; to e. in size go/a ; who excelled^ the other 1 wanene ya j\ wani ?
e. in
I
excellence
85
experienced
excellence, n.fiyayya.fiyayye, flko, kayatazwa, kwari.
except, adv. sai, sai dai, sai ko.
excess, n. abinda ya faye, ymva.
exchange, tr. v. sake, yin miisaya, furfura, furfuri.
exchange, in exchange for a bdkin, maimakin, sdbad da.
exchange, to (barter) furfuri.
excitement, n. kardya.
exclamation, n. (expressing astonishment or incredulity) huha, hdba, kaiya, kdsa ; (ex- pressing doubt or grief) wai ; words used as an e. maganar zuchiya; e. of annoyance kash, gasa ; e. denoting exultation woho, oho ; (expressing pity or disgust) asha, hasha ; (e. to attract attention) ihu, uhu, nfu, yeho ; e. of welcome mar aba; see also oho; an e. used in driving sheep us, as ; e. of despair wayuniya*' ; e. of pleasure yauro ; see indeed.
excrescence, e.g. a swelling
guda (S.). excuse, n. huja, yarji*, ham- zari, hanzari ; a poor e. gajeren hamzai'i ; he made e. ya yi sdne. excuse, tr. v. gafara, yin gafarta; phr, e. me ba ni yarji, gafara. executioner, n. hauni (K.).
exercise, n. to take e. (by walk- ing) yawo, wasa jiki ; (by riding) kilisa.
exhausted, part, sumamme ; e. land semu* (S.).
exhibit, tr. v. nuna, nuni, gwada, goda.
exhort, tr. v. gargada, galgada^ wajabta.
exhortation, gargadi, galgadi.
exist, intr. v. kashi, kashe, wanzu ; see be.
expand, 1. tr. \. shimfiday shmfida.
2. intr. v. yalwata, yin auki, yin abki, habama^.
expansion, auki.
expect, tr. V. (to await with expectation) jira ; (to antici- pate) tam^aha, tammaha, yin tamaha, yin zojche.
expectation, halamu, zax^he, zdto ; unfulfilled expectations tsamanin warabuka.
expectorate, intr. v. tofi, fesa, furja.
expedition, military debe, sd'ati.
expel, tr. v. kora, kore.
expense, n., see cost.
expensive, adj. da tsada; phr. it is too e. ya fi tsada or ya faye tsada; to be e. yin
experienced, part, gwani, goni, pi. gwanaye.
expert
86
fail
expert, adj., see prec.
explain, tr. v. waye, nuna, nuni, hadichi, yin fassara, fasalta, habarta* ; phr. e. it to meka gdya ma ni, amhato ni.
explanation, n. wayewa, nu- nawa, fassara, fassaranta, azanchi.
extend, tr. and intr. v. yalwata^ see expand.
extended, be, intr. v. miTm.
extensive, tafkeke*, tabkeke*.
extent, n. matsawa, matuka; see limit.
extinguish, tr. v. bishe, biche, kufuli*.
extract, tr. w . jawo, fisge, fizge, fusge, Jishe, fishshe, fushe ; to e. juice etc. tatsa.
exult, intr. v. yin rdha.
exulting, n. rdha.
eye, n. ido, iphidanu, idanduna, idanuwa ; eye-ball kwayar ido; e. socket gurbin ido, gulbin ido ; pupil of e. ijiyar ido, matsokachin ido ; eye- brow gira, pi. girare ; e. -lashes kain ijiya ; ridge over the e. kashin ido ; e.-glass madubin ido; mucus from the e. kwamtsa, kwamtso; diseases of the e. hakiya^ hakanya, chizara, shawora ; cataract in thee, tsauriyaovtsawariya; medicine for the eyes korino, fidilii giwa-kamba ; a man
with deep-set eyes mai-kwar- min ido* ; a man with only one e. mai-ijiya na giida, mai-kishin ido ; a blemish in the e. lahani; watery e. (i.e. desire) ruwan ido ; evil e. kandu or kandun ido ; one with evil e. maye, fem. mayya; to put the evil e. on anyone jifa wani da ido ;
e. witness shaidan ido ; to have dim eyes dindimi, dun- dumi ; to look with eyes nearly shut yin kankanin \ ido.
eye-brow, gira, pi. girori^ girai or girgira.
fable, n. tatsuniya, pi. tatsuni- yoyi, misali, almara*, fira*y gdtana.
face, n. fuska^ pi. fuskoki and fuskuna, huska* ; to f. to- wards the speaker gabdto ; to f. in a given direction fuskanta ; f . to f . fuska biyu ; to fall on the f. fadi jiche ; he looks one straight in the
f. idonsa kirikiri ne. fade, intr. ^'fafe^fofe, yaushiy
yin yaushi, (used of cloth)
kwaki. fading, adj. kwaki. fading away, part, kwdhe. fail, intr. v. (decay) rasu; (f.
to keep a promise) kuskure^
faint
87
far
kurkura ; (fall short of) kdsa,
gdza ; f . to get tdhe, tafe ;
f. to understand rudi ; cf.
he failed me in nothing ba
ya kdsa una ni komi ha. faint, adj. sumamme. I faint, intr. v. yin suma, jin
suma, suma, gaji. faintness, n. suma, jiri, ku-
mallo, falfada (S.), farfada
(K.)-_
fair, adj. kyau, da kyau, mai- kyau.
faith, n. aiman, imani, amin- chi* ; the faith of Islam niusuluTYichi ; see believe.
faithful, adj. yardaji, salihi^,
pi. salihai*, mummuni, fern.
[ mummuna ; the f . amintattu.
faithfulness, n. aminchi.
fakir, wali (Ar.), waliyi, pi. waliyai.
falcon, n. shafo, shaho.
fall, n.fdduwa, saraya.
fall, intr. v. fddi, fdda, yin saraya, kucha*, sako; f. down before anyone rusuna, run- suna* ; f. in (used of a well) gabche, gache, gwabche, abka, hurme ; make to f . goche ma ; f . upon falma, farma, parma, haye ; f . in with tsayi, tsaya; to let a thing f . fdda da ; to f. in price, yin goino* ; to f . out with sha bambam.
falling, part, fddmva; f. into ruin rushewa] sound of f. glass kilin kilin, kirin kirin ; f. in of a well burma.
false, adj. m^arorgaskiya ; to spread f. news kwarm^ato, chi- newa, tsinewa ; it is f. kariya ne ; f. witness shaidan zur.
falsehood, n. kariya, kariya- ' chi, zur.
falsely, adv., to swear f. yin kafara.
falsify, to kirfa.
fame, n. ydbo.
familiarity, saho.
family, n., members of f. iyali, uma^, dangi.
famine, n. yunwa, farin yun- wa.
fan, n. fijiche, mafuchi, pi. majilfichi (S.), vnafifichi, mafirfichi (K.); (made of woven grass) faifai, "^A.faya- fai; f. made of ostrich ieELthers,Jigina,Jigini ; (made of palm leaves) giginya, pi. gigangani, giginyoyi or gi- ginai ; (for winnowing) ba- kache, Tuatankadi, rereya, rairaiya.
fan, tr. v. fifita, feta, bakache ; one who fans mai-bakache, m,afechi.
fancy (supposition) usuwasi.
fanning, Jijitd, jitara.
far, adj. da nesa.
far
88
feather
far, adv. nesa ; as far as har, hal, har ga, tun, tun da ; to place f. off nesanta.
farewell, n., to bid f. yin ban kwana, yin salama ; an ex- pression of f. sai wata rana.
farm, n. gona, pi. gonaki or gonakai, karkara, pi. kar- karai; farming aikin gona; owner or cultivator of a f. mai-gona ; a farm lent by a master to a slave gayauna* ; a f. labourer who works for wages kwadigo, dan kwadigo ; f . work noma ; farming in one place and living in an- other nomijide.
fashion, n. (mode, custom) hdli^ pi. halaye, yayi ; rings were the f. ana yayin mun- daye.
fast, n. dzumi ; the f. month laharan.
fast, intr. v. yin dzumi.
fasten, tr. v. (e.g. with nails) kdfa ; (tie) damre, halla.
fastened, part, kafaffe, (closed) girkakke, fem. girkakkiya, pi. girkakku.
fastening (or loop), maballi.
fat, n. kiha, pi. kihohi, kitse, kiche (S.), m,aski (S.), kauri, kabri, gwabi', f. of meat mai.
fat, adj. da kiba, da gwabi, mai-gwabi, da kauri, da kabri, ginshim,i, da taiba.
tunturum; one who is f.
mai-tumJ}i, m,ai-gato, mai-jiki,
kutumba, gandi,iein. gandiya ;
to grow f. yin kiba, taiba, yin
tiriniya ; to fatten kibata. fate, n. jinkiri ; see destiny, father, n. uba, pi. ubanne,
ubannai or ubanni, bdbd ;
father-in-law suruki. fathom, gdba. fatigue, n. gdjiya, gdjewa,
gajiyawa, gayara. fatigued, to be f. gaji, yin
gajiya. fatness, n. taiba, tiriniya. fault, n. 1. (defect) aibi, aibu,
pi. aibobi.
2. (offence) laifi ; i. finding
bimbini. favour, n. alheri, tagomashi. favourite, dan tatangi ; f. wife
mowa. fear, n. tsoro, tunzura, dim^auta
(S.), tunzuruwa*, razdna,
gizo*, falgaba, fargaba, raki ;
to cause f. bada tsoro, tsoratad
da, tsorata. fear, tr. and intr. v. jin tsoro,
razdna, rdzani, tsantsanta. feast, n. buki, biki, idi, laiya,
adaras* ; to make a f. yin
buki. feasting, part. (esp. used of
marriage f.) wasan buki. feather, n. fikajike, fiffike, fika-
fiki, pi. fikajikai ; fukafuki^
fee
89
fez
pi. fukafuka% gashi* ; a wing f. lili. fee, n. (paid by recipient of a royal present) tukuichi, takwi- chi ; market f. or the com- mission paid to a broker in the market lada; a court f. ijara, ujera*. feeble, adj. kumdma, mara^s-
karifi. feebleness, n. kumamanchi. feed, 1. tr. v. (to supply with food) chida, chishe, kiwata, chisad da, chiyar da. 2. intr. v. (to eat) kiwo. feeding, chima. feel, tr. v. to perceive by touching y^, taba\ to feel or grope for lalabe, lalaba; to be aflfected ji ; to f. about , whilst searching fd/ake, md- 1 Tnare ; to f . anything in order i to test its weight jinjini ; to
f. afraid ji'm tsoro. \ feint, n. (pretended attack) zanzoma. fell, tr. V. (to cut down) sare. fellow, n. (partner, match) kama, pi. kamannu ; tsara, pi. tsar are ; a f. traveller maraki, marako. female, n. (of human beings and animals) mache, pi. mdta ; phr. male and f. wane da wanche. female, adj. ta-mata, ta-mache.
fence, n. damfdmi, darni ; a f. round garden danga, pi. dangogi ; a f . made of stalks or thorns to keep in sheep, etc. shinge, skingi, shimgi, shimge, pi. shimgaye.
fencing, n. (a game) sharo, takai.
fern, hare's spear f. mashin zomo ; elk's horn f . dafaddu.
ferry, to f. across yin fito,
. ketarad da (S.), ketaras da
(K.), ketarshe (before a pron.).
ferryman, n. sarikin ruwa, maketari, mai-jUo.
festival, n. sallata.
fetch, tr. V. kawo, zo da \ see bring.
fetish, a f. spot matsafa,
fetters, n. malwa, mulwa (S.), pi. mulwoyi (S.) ; mdri, pi. maruruwa, maluluwa, gigar, sarka, dilka.
feud, a blood-feud tarna.
fever, n. masassara, zazzabi, jante, janti, gyante, mura] I have fever jikina ya yi dumi ; a f. which occurs when the guinea-corn is ripe chiwo na sabon dawa.
fever, to have f. yin zazzabi.
few, adj. kddan, kankane, fern. kankanuwa, pi. kankana, kanana, tsaraurau, kvma.
fez, Ti.fula, wula*,fulan dara, fulad dara, tagiya.
fibre
90
fine
fibre, n., f. of palm tree kaba ;
a f. used for making rope
tsaiwa. field, n. a cultivated f. fil% pi.
jilaye; fako, pi. fagaigai;
gona, pi. gonaki or gonakai ;
a barren f. sabra, saura (Z.) ;
a very large f. karkara, pi.
karkarori. field-mouse, gyabji, gyauji. fierce, adj., to be f. haukache. fiercely, adv. da kangara, zafi, fifteen, adj. goma sha biyar
(or biyal) sha biyar. fifteenth, adj. na-goma (fern.
ta-goma), sha biyar. fifth, adj. na-biyar, fem. ta-
biyar ; one f. humusi. fifty, adj. hamsin. fig, n., f.-tree itachen baure;
t fruit baure ; for other
species of ticus see chediya,
gamji (S. ), ganji (K.), durumi,
kawuri or kawari shirinya,
uwar yara, wa, rubiya. fight, n. fdda, faraa^ kokuwa^
kokowa, yaki, jayaya or ja-
yaiya, sabuwa. fight, intr. v. fdda, yin fdda,
yin fama, yin kokowa,