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APE COD ^EW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON

One o( the Selections from the U. S. D. A. Cranberry Breeding Project. Story on page 6, Picture taken March 1947 (berries actual size). (Cranberries Photo)

May, 1947

30 cents

n

'^f.

Here's the News About Our 52nd Year!

Growers Cranberry Company recently completed the most successful year in all its 52-year history. Its sales more than doubled its previous largest year.

It handled about sixty-five per cent of all the cranberries produced in the state of New Jersey, and at the lowest cost to the growers in its his- tory.

The Company Js^.^ueetnT'oTvits sound management, thrifty mutual oper- ation, and ituwg than adeq^Jate strength to meet future obligations and contii^g^l^A

'-■ Growers Cranberry Company, Inc.

i\i»

iz:2L

PEMBERXON, NEW JERSEY \

1akis%

WISCONSIN CRANBERRY SALES CO.

"DELIVERS THE GOODS"

AT ALL TIMES

ASK THE CRANBERRY GROWER

WHO IS A MEMBER

HE KNOWS!

Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company

WISCONSIN RAPIDS - - - WISCONSIN

STRETCHING

THE SEASON

National advertising of Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce, appearing in Woman's Home Companion, Bet- ter Homes & Gardens, This Week, and American Weekly — is reaching 23,000,000 consumers.

No longer need cranberry grow- ers worry about selling their berries before Christmas. Cooperative pro- cessing has brought to the cran- berry industry a 12-month market — and national advertising by your cooperative is teaching women that cranberries are just as good in spring salads as they are in winter pies.

Stretching the cranberry season has been one of the worthwhile de- velopments brought to the cran- berry industry by the 900 members of this national cooperative.

Pfcih «» iqp<inc w tlitl i>in<' *'n«nb«r(y tulips" oiabt-Jdi'l hit A\ a ''b««r rUninM Luruht }>pnn£ wtddingi, Ot ibowi "(rtiibotry hc«iU'' "top l>li cp)e«(l wiUi (te«ii -tinted cicm cfaoppcl niiti. . . Aud thu^e )><' lie/iy chirli'" mv sotr lo pli Blet«, anit Kra^n-ui

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litlle

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clui^kcii 1- )<M«cd, IntU, ucHAitd — ri( witb fbukcn sftlaJ. Oi pttrch Uifiu atup vanllta

AU thcM dclittout •li.'Utrs joii tiu tttAVt is ■ pB) mth rMdjKiiervp Otflan S)U») MU4tl Cr;iul>nrr>' ^ufe and Uunti gay ylutu tuttcrs I R«r4j>t4 i.frpie Mritb tb» cutters. I

IlKin^i lo t^-oft^aim procmt!i/r<^ Bow >«■ «o

»(WM alt B- «-n f.->W^ C<>(l«-<l t'C-i t.ofB'.

National Cranberry Association

The Growers* Cooperative with More Than 900 Members in Every Cranberry Producing Area

Branches at:

Hanson, Massachusetts Onset, Massachusetts Plymouth, Massachusetts

North Harwich, Massachusetts Dennis, Massachusetts Bordentown, New Jersey North Chicago. Illinois

Coquille, Oregon Markham, Washington Long Beach, Washington

SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY

ADAMS & GOULD

Lumber Dealers

"Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass.

Tel. Wareham 648

Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses

Paints - Hardware

Russell A. Trufant

Plymouth Street North Carver

Prefabricated Flumes Corrugated Iron Pipe Culverts Brookville Locomotives West Virginia Rail

Also Consultant on Canals, etc.

Tel. Carver 64-11

KROP-SAVER

brand

INSECTICIDES FUNGICIDES

For the Cranberry Grower

CROP-SAVER

CHEMICAL COMPANY, Inc.

3511 West Potomac Avenue

Chicago 51, Illinois

Cape & Vineyard Electric Company

Offices :

Chatham

Falmouth Hyannis

Vineyard Haven

EiUbliahed 1848

Hall 6? Cole

Incorporated

Commission Merchants and Jobbers

94 Paneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON. MASS.

APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES

Car Lot Receivers

The

National Bank

of

Wareham

Wareham, Mass.

MEMBER fCDCRAL DEPOSIT INBUflANCK CORPORATION

Acushnet Saw Mills Co.

GOOD WOOD BOXES

Cranberry Growers

Order Harvest and

Shipping Boxes

New Bedford, Mass.

Est. 1866

Wood County National Bank

Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin

MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION

Cranberry Growers:

WE ARE IN POSITION TC

SUPPLY YOU WITH YOUF

1947 CRANBERRY CON-

TAINERS

also

Good Quality

Wheeling Plank

Quotations on Request

F. H. COLE

North Carver, Mass.

Est. 1707 WOODEN BOX MFGR.

DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS

MASSACHUSETTS

Call WAREHAM 162

. G. M. Packard & Go.

Hardware — Locksmiths ''or Maintenance Supplies

Serving

Western Cranberry

Growers

with

High Quality Products

Rotenone

Pyrethrum

Sabadilla

Nicotine

Copper Sprays

Oil Sprays

Lime Sulphur Solution

Miller Products Company

Portland 1, Oregon

H. R. Bailey Co.

South Carver Massachusetts

USE DYNAMITE

The modern way to re-

love stumps, excavate 3cks, DIG CORES FOR IKES, and other blasting 'ork in cranberry growing, oeeds up work — reduces costs.

WISCONSIN AIR COOLED MOTORS

6 and 8 H. P. in stock

ONSULT WITH US ON ANY ORK YOU ARE PLANNING, rained by Hercules Powder Co.

The

PLYMOUTH

NATIONAL BANK

Plymouth Massachusetts

Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Middleborough Trust Company

lLTON J. SMITH

High St., Hanson, Mass.

Tel. Bryantville 209-R-3

IRRIGATION

[or Cranberries

and All Other Purposes

MIDDLEBORO MASS.

Member of

The Fed,eral Deposit

Insurance Corporation

SKINNER SYSTEM of IRRIGATION

Brookline, Mass.

Established 30 years

Morris April Bros.

Bridgeton - Tuckahoe New Jersey

Apples

Cranberries

Peaches

GROWERS AND SHIPPERS

Harvest

and

Shipping Boxes

Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK

At Scraenhousaa, Bofs and Pumpa Meaoi Satisfaction

ALFRED PAPPI

WAItEHAM, MASS. Tal. 616

Jesse A. Holmes & Son

Carver, Mass.

Tel. Carver 10-3

Cape Cod Growers' Association Has Instructive Spring Meeting

Trade Exhibit is Popular Feature — No Positive Ac- tion on "Union" With Cranberry Clubs

Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association offered an ambitious spring meeting for members and other growers at Wareham Me- morial Town Hall, April 30th, which was attended by about 300. Program was in two parts, a trade exhibit in the forenoon and a busi- ness and speaking program in the afternoon. Proving of noticeably special interest to the growers was the exhibit of cranberry equipment by 18 exhibitoi-s, indicating the im- portance growers are placing upon modern methods of bog building and operation.

At noon there was a well-prc pared roast beef luncheon, buffet type, by New Bedford Public Mar- ket, Russell Makepeace having

charge of this arrangement.

The business meeting was called to order by President George E. Short shortly after 2 p. m., and after reports by officers the two major matters were acted upon. One was to change the by-laws so that the annual meeting is to 'ce held on the nearest Tuesday to the 19th day of August instead of the first Tuesday after the 19th, as has always been the custom. The change was made in consideration of a request of U. S. Crop Report- ing Service which makes its first official release of the crop in pros- pect at the time the Cape associ- ation is in session, this being a long-standing "courtesy" custom to the industry.

Postpone Action on "Union" On the most important business matter, that of a "union" of tlie CCCGA and the four Massachu- setts cranberry clubs, the action was a postponement of decision.

CONTROL...

Blunt-Nosed Leafhopper Gypsy Moth Caterpillar Blackheaded Fireworm

PYROCIDE DUST

• Quick-Kill

• Non-lirritating

• Non-Poisonous

• Economical

NON-POISONOUS

PYROCIDE DUST

I IN KIllIM KWU

Beaton's Distributing Agency, Inc.

WAREHAM. MASS.

Considerable discussion devel oped concerning this and the act ions of the cranberry clubs whicl had all given consideration a' previous meetings, in the man postponement, or really negativi action having been taken by them Finally on motion of Russell Make ppeace the matter was turned bad to a special committee which in- cluded, all clubs and the association county agents and others in its membership for further discussio and new recommendations. Man; were disappointed with the result: of this earnest attempt for close; cooperation between these cultural, non-marketing organizations, and good deal of thought had been pul into plans by which this might Di accomplished. Many others, howi ever, seem to feel the groupi should continue to function separ- ately, as is the case at present.

One objective of the spring meet- ing was to obtain more member for CCCGA and this was successfu] to some extent, more than 30 ne' members being registered, thii number being increased since, New and. old members who desired were given copies of the new anc major bulletin, "Weather in Cran- berry Culture", by Dr. H. J. Frank^ lin and Dr. Neil E. Stevens. Exhibit

Although the day started ouft with rain (which later cleared) many began to come early to sec the exhibits which were on display in the basement of the building and outside. Exhibitors numbered 18 and felt that their efforts were amply repaid from the interest shown. Items included all smali equipment, a very good display oi irrigation equipment, tractors spray equipment, frost preventioi machine, tile, pumps, flumes, anc other items.

List

Exhibitors were H. F. Davii Tractor Company, 1035 Common wealth avenue, Boston; Frank E Gregory, auto exchange, 107 No Main street, Brockton; Russell K Trufant, North Carver; Veg-Aert Farms, Forestdale; Sempos Pro ducts Company, East Wareham

(Continued on Pa^re 27)

Four

Issue of May, 1947 — Vol. 12, No. 1 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription, $3.00 per year, ntered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

RESH FROM THE FIELDS

By C J. H.

MASSACHUSETTS

April, judged from its effect up- n next fall's cranberry produc- on, would be put down as slight- ,' favorable, in the opinion of Dr. 'ranklin. Continued cool toward le close and the first days of May, owever, was not helping matters ery much. Temperatures were lightly above normal for the lonth as a whole, in spite of the jolness of its close. This was ivorable for the quantity of ber- es in prospect, but not so favor- ble for the keeping quality. Rainfall Up

Rainfall was heavy — 6.30 inches, his assured plenty of water for •ost troubles and water supplies 1 general are pretty well up.

There were but two frost warn- igs sent out during the period, he first was on the 22nd, but no ijury was done, and the second as for the 28th, with 18 being irecast, which proved to be gen- rally within a half degree of ght. This caused no damage in le principal cranberry area, but lere was a slight injury to some [owes up at the Lowell bog in liddlesex County.

Fruitworm May Be Light

Bogs were greening up well as [ay began, although growers of aurse were still faced with the dverse possibilities of the poor ud showing. As concerns insects, !r. Franklin said indications were lat fruitworm might be light gain this year, a definitely favor- ble factor in itself if this proves 3 materialize as he hopes. First eason he gives for this is that ist year's extremely light infesta- ion was a basic indication that the allowing year should be light, and

second, the fact that April temper- atures were above normal.

WISCONSIN

Crop prospects for 1947 indicate that Wisconsin may expect about a normal production, with the "hedge" that a crop below is a possibility, due to the rather light budding throughout the state. Ac- cording to Vernon Goldsworthy there is further possibility that oxygen damage having occurred last fall and there are undoubtedly some vines that were injured in spring kill, probably more than normal. Insect population is ex- pected to be less than normal, be- cause of the open winter through most of the areas.

Labor situation for '47 will not be as tight as it has been during the war and last couple of years. That definitely seems a brighter prospect.

"Goldy", Sampson Leave

Vernon Goldsworthy and his as- sistant and bookkeeper, Ralph Sampson, left the Sales Company in April to build and develop their own properties in the northern part of the state. "Goldy", however, will return during June as consult- ant entomologist and to help with other problems. He will also be hack in the harness for a month or eo in October to help with the har- vesting and shipping of the crop. This is the first time in 14 years that "Goldy" has not been almost constantly active in the general Wisconsin cranberry field, but even though he is busy on his own prop- erties he has offered to give any assistance possible to growers who may call on him for advice. Samp-

son is coming back the first part of September to help with inspec- tion and shipping and to assist with growers' income tax reports.

"Goldy" Writing Text Book

Goldsworthy is also at work writing a textbook on cranberry growing, cultural practices and marketing, and hopes to have it published in the near future.

The GI Training School which was held at the Rapids has closed after a very successful course, and there is considerable hope it may be re-opened next fall, and this may come about early in Novem- ber.

NEW JERSEY

Temperature — The average daily mean temperatures for April have been almost exactly normal (51.7°) at Pemberton. Growth on both tranberries and blueberries has been slow in starting, with blue- berries two or three weeks behind 1945 and 1946 development.

F'recipitation — Precipitation was frequent and rather light, being of the typical April shower variety. By the 24th, 2.45 inches had fallen, which is % of an inch below the normal monthly total.

Frosts — The first frost warning of the season was sent out from the Cranberry Laboratory on the evening of April 22. Temperatures as low as 19 degrees were reported on cranberries. Temperatures in blueberry fields generally did not fall that low and no injury has ap- peared.

Meetings — A Burlington County Cranberry growers' meeting was held at Pemberton on the evening

Five

Cranberry Breeding Investigation of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture

F. B. CHANDLER, R. B. WILCOX, H. F. BATN, H. F. BERGMAN, and HAIG DERMEN (1)

1 ) F. B. Chandler, Research Profes- sor. Mass. Cranberry Station, formerly Horticulturist. U. S. D. A.; R. B. Wil- cox. AsBociate Pathologist, U. S. D. A. : H. F. Bain. Research Advisor for Biron Cranberry Lake Development Co., Mid- Cranberry Lake Dvelopment Co.. Mid- west Cranberrv Co.. formerly Senior Pa- thologist. U. S. D. A.: H. F. Bergman. Senior Pathologist, U. S. D. A.: Haip Dermen, Associate Cytologtst. U. S. D. A. All of the authors are or have been members of the staff of the Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases. Bureau of Plant Industry. Soils, and Ag- ricultural Engineering. Agricultural Re- search Administration. U. S. Department of Agriculture. The crosses were made bv Bain and Bergman; the false-blossom- rosistance work was done by Wilcox, later assisted by John M. Delap; the se- lf ct ion work mostly by Chandler and Biin : and the polyploidy work by Der- men and Bain,

The authors wish to express their ap- nreciation to the Agricultural Experiment Stations in Massachusetts and New Jer- sey, to the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, and to the Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales Co.. for assistance in con- ducting this program. Special acknow- ledgement is due the New Jersey Experi- ment Station for support of the cafeteria tests in 1945.

The authors also wish to thank J. J. Beaton Co., Biron Cranberrv Co.. Theo- dore Budd & Son, Cape Cod Co.. Cutts Bros.. A. D. Makepeace Co.. Pomona Fruit Co.. J. J. White Inc. and Harold B. Scammell for making acres of bog avail- able for the first and ''or second test of the seedlings ; and to the Wisconsin Con- servation Department for greenhouse fa- cilities for growing seedlings in Wis- consin.

INTRODUCTION

The United States Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the New Jersey and Massachu- setts State Experiment Stations, initiated a cranberi-y breeding pro- ject in 1929, with the aim of orig- inating varieties that would show lesistance to the spread of false- blossom disease and that would produce large crops of superior fruit. Under this program 10,685 seedlings of known parentage have been grown from crosses made in Wisconsin and Massachusetts. The New Jersey Experiment Station also crossed Early Black and Mc- Farlin, and data on the 112 seed- lings of that cross are included in this paper. Approximately 1800 seedlings had fruited by 1940, at which time some 40 selections were made for a second test, 6 of them being fi'om the N. J. cross. Since then 5497 more have fruited, and 182 additional selections were made in 1945. The best of these seed- lings have been set in Massachu- setts, New Jersey, and Wisconsin for a second test.

New Jersey was chosen for the first nursery study of the seedlings, as false blossom spreads more rap- idly there than in the other states. This nursery was operated under an agreement between the U. S. Department of Agriculture, J. J. White, Inc., and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. The bog was about 5 acres in size and eventually was filled with seedlings. In addition, the part first set was cleared and replanted with seedlings during the study.

The Wisconsin nursery was es- tablished in 1939 as a four-party cooperative project between the U. S Department of Agriculture, the Wisconsin Department of Agricul- ture and Markets, the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, the last-named organi- zation agreeing to finance develop- ment and operational costs in a separate contract with the Biron Cranberry Co., near Wisconsin Rapids, where the seedling marsh is located. The purposes were (1) to provide a suitable location for running a second test on a large number of seedlings that were un- der unfavoi-able conditions in the New Jersey nursery; (2) to test New Jersey selections under Wis- consin environmental conditions; and (3) to test the tetraploid cran- berries. Three or four vines from 900 of the 1800 seedlings growing in the first block were set in 1939 ,Tnd 1940. Approximately one- third of these are still undergoing tests. In 1944 and 1946 vines from 490 additional seedlings (including the 1945 selections) were set in Wisconsin. During this period 640 locally grown seedlings were added to the nursery, making a total of 2030 seedlings and selections {.'•rown in Wisconsin.

In Massachusetts, some seedlings were set in the State Bog, and the A. D. Makepeace Company also built a bog in which about 1600 seedlings are being tested. The youngest seedlings are in the Makepeace bog, and selections from these will probably be made in 1947, 1948. and 1949,

METHODS OF BREEDING

Varieties that were known to 1 somewhat resistant to false bio som were used for one or bo parents in nearly all crosses. T actual crossing- was done mostly Wisconsin and Massachusetl Seventeen varieties were used parents in the breeding work i Wisconsin and an attempt wa made to make all of the cross* both ways (reciprocal crosses] for example. Early Black was use as the female parent and McFarlj as the male or pollen parent, an the cross was also made the oth«. way, using McFarlin as the femai parent and Early Black as tl male parent. In Massachuset six varieties were used as pai'en and an attempt was made to ui each one as a female parent, wil each of the other five as the ma parents. This would give all po sible crosses and reciprocals of tl varieties used. A list of the suc cessful crosses will be found i Table 1.

Before the flowers opened i the spring they were emasculate and covered with cheesecloth ( glass bottles to prevent pollinatin insects from contacting the flowei and to prevent wind pollinatioi Blossoms not pollinated by han did not form berries. This ind cates that the pollen, if wine borne, was not passing throug the cheesecloth. Several days la' er, pollen was collected from th male parent and transferred on th thumbnail or a smooth instrumer to the end of the pistil. The flow ers were covered again after poll nation and were kept covered ur til the berries started to develoj The seeds were removed from th icsulting berries in January, Feb luary, or March, and planted ini mediately. The number of seed developed in the hand-pollinate berries was usually greater tha in the open-opollinated ones. Th seeds were germinated on sterilize' agar in test tubes. When the plant were 1 to IVa in. tall, two or thre months old, they were transferrei to a mixture of sand and peat ani were kept in the greenhouse unti

they were a year old. The seed- lings from the first crosses were set 5x5 ft. in the bog in 1934. Later crosses were planted in 1937, and the last ones in 1943. About 8700 of the seedlings were set in New Jersey since false blossom is niost abundant there and spreads most rapidly. While in the nurs- ery, the runners were tucked into the ground or cut off to prevent mixing, and the berries were all harvested to prevent the develop- ment of volunteer seedlings. See table 1 Method of Selecting Seedlings in 1940

The "40 selections were made after most of the 1800 plants in the group had produced a pint or more of berries for two or three years in succession. All berries on the plants were picked in 1938, 1939, and 1940 and were held for three or four months to allow storage disorders to develop. The individual lots of berries were then carefully hand-sorted, and records were made of percentage of spoil- age, berry shape, size (cup count), color, and general appearance. Meanwhile, the producing areas of the seedlings had been measured, and so it was possible to calculate yields on a barrel-per-acre basis.

By using the two or three-year records, three sets of tables were constructed for each cross repre- sented in the block of seedlings. In one series of tables, the indi- vidual seedlings were arranged in order of average yields; in the second series, in order of average percentage of sound berries free from spoilage for the two years; in the third series, in order of gen- eral appearance as determined by placing small samples of berries from every plant in small ti-ays and arranging them while all .samples were in view.

Each cross in turn was then analyzed in the following manner: The three rating-tables were placed side by side, and the top plant in the first table (the one giving the yields) was sought in the other two tables. If its position was above the middle (or average) in the other two tables, it was marked for further consideration; if below the middle in either, the plant was discarded. Plant by plant, the first

TABLE 1.

Number of Cranberry Seedlings Set in Bogs, by Crosses and by Number of Selections Made for the First Test

No. of

No. of

Seedlings

No.

of

Seedlings

No. of

Cross or Reciprocal

Set in

Selections*

Set in

Selections

N. J.

40

93

S

c

Mass.

•*

Early Black:

Aviator

517

0

156

2

Centennial

381

t

2

1

1

158

_

Howes

J28

6

0

2

0

—

McFarlin

1326

19

16

9

240

4

Paradise Meadow

:i6'l

t

1

1

119

_

Prolific

24

0

1

1

0

_

Searles

389

3

2

5

5

0

—

Shaw's Success

414

t

9

3

1

160

1

McFarlin:

*

Aviator

491

J

7

1

1

195

Bennett

230

1

0

1

0

Berry Berry

133

0

3

0

0

Centennial

444

0

12

6

4

137

Howes

323

0

3

3

0

HoUiston

(Mammoth)

147

0

0

1

0

McFarlin

31

0

0

0

Paradise Meadow

210

i

3

3

136

Potter

27

2

0

1

0

Prolific

246

5

0

3

0

Searles

311

?,

1

3

0

Shaw's Success

2S4

t

10

6

222

Stanley

162

0

0

1

0

Vose's Pride

162

0

4

2

0

Whittlesey

22

0

0

I

0

Paradise Meadow:

Aviator

247

t

2

2

3

—

Centennial

53

+

1

14

—

Shaw's Success

170

t

4

1

16S

4

Searl:

Howes

592

2

1

1

2

0

—

Searles

37

0

0

0

-

Shaw's Success :

Aviator

295

t

4

9

170

7

Centennial

232

J

8

6

1

116

1

Totals

8692

40

93

63

26

1993

19

Not fruitiuK in 1940 when the 40 selections were made.

40 refers to "40 selections" made in 1940. Second test of these selections re- ported in Table 7. 93 refers to 93 selections made in 1945. S refers to special selections made in 1945. C refers to canning selections made in 1946.

A few selections made at the State Bog. fall 1946. from the Makepeace nursery.

No selections were made

table was worked through in this manner until the top 25 per cent of the seedlings had been either retained or rejected on the basis of their ratings in the other two tables. The second and third ta- bles were then subjected to the same type of analysis. The seed- lings retained up to this stage, ac- cordingly, rated near the top in yield, keeping quality, or appear- ance, and not below average in the other two characters.

The relatively small number of plants falling in this select group were then checked for berry size, vine type, date of ripening, and other characteristics, and addition- al eliminations were made of plants unsatisfactory in any of these re- spects. Finally, it was judged that even the best plants in some

crosses were not promising enough to justify further trial. At the time the selections were made, Mr. Wilcox had tested 143 of the more promising seedlings for probable false-blossom resistance by his "cafeteria" method (described lat- er), and 27 of the best seedlings in this tested group were included in the "40 selections."

As conducted, the method of se- lection virtually limited the choices to plants growing in favorable lo- cations on the extremely variable, nursery site. Because many seed-, lings could not be fairly tested un- der such conditions, cuttings from, all plants in poor locations were, transfen'ed to the Wisconsin nur- sery and the plants retested under the more uniform growing condi- tions.

The above method of testing re- sulted in the selection of 40 seed- lings which were considered out- standing, and these have been called "the 40 selections." These were included in the group set in Wisconsin for a second test. The 40 selections were also set in rod- square blocks at the J. J. White Inc. bog and at Theodore Budd & Son's bog in New Jersey, and later at the State Bog in Massachusetts. Early Black and Howes were in- cluded in these tests for compar- ison.

Method of Selecting Seedlings in 1945

The following is the "step-by- step" method of determining the superior seedlings in the latest group of selections. In August 1944 the yields of the 5497 seed- lings that fruited were estimated in relation to the uprights present. As the seedlings from crosses made in Wisconsin had been set longer than those from Massachu- setts the estimated yields were consistently higher in the former than in the latter. In each group of crosses, the third of the seed- lings with the greatest yield were harvested. Some duplicate sam- ples were taken and a total of 2301 samples were stored. The amount of the harvest sample was a pint, or all of the berries if a seedling had less than a pint of fi-uit. Each sample was marked with the date of harvest and the amount of immature berries at hai-vest. The samples were stud- ied in December and January. At this time, records on 8"x5" cards were made of color, gloss, shape, cup count, ripening or coloring of berries in storage, and relative yield (see below). The steps in the selection were as follows: (1) The cards weie arranged from the best color and gloss to the pooi'est, iind the cards that represented the seedlings with poor color or gloss v/ere discarded. (2) The cards were then arranged according to shape, and the cards representing the pointed berries were discarded. (3) Next the cards were ar- ranged according to cup count, and the cards for the very large ber- ries were set aside for a later se- lection, and the cards for the small bei'ries (over 125 per Vz pint cup),

were discarded. (4) The cards for the seedlings that colored poor- ly in storage were discarded. (5) As there was considerable varia- tion in the yield in different parts of the bog, the yield in relation to that of the surrounding seedlings was considered, and the cards dis- carded for the seedlings that had a low relative yield. There was very little rot in the seedling bog in 1944, hence rot was not consid- ered in making these selections. The discarded cards were all checked, and if a seedling was found to be discarded on one un- desirable factor yet had two or more very desirable factors, it was reconsidered, and on this ba- sis a few cards were taken out of the discard pile. This method of harvesting and discarding eliminat- ed about 5300 of the 5497 seedlings that fruited. All the remaining seedlings had good or excellent color and gloss, and most of them had good shape and good size, and good to excellent yield in relation to the surrounding plants.

In 1945, the seedlings that were not eliminated the previous year were staked for special observation and harvest. During the season, other seedlings were staked that had not appeared promising the year before. In all, about 300 seedlings were staked and har- vested. Before harvesting, the amount of rot and the yield of berries was estimated. A study of the value of the rot estimate showed that the estimate was very reliable.

New cards were made in lSt45, independent of 1944, with the same type of information as in the previous year. Discarding was the method again used to arrive at the best seedlings. As rot was bad on nearly all of the seedlings, those having 90' r of rotten berries were first eliminated. All of the named varieties ( Early Black, Howes, McFarlin, Aviator, Shaw's Success, Centennial, Pride, Prolific, Stanley, Bennett, Paradise Meadow, Searles, Holliston (Mammoth), and Pot- ter) planted in with the seedlings had over 90'/;, and most of them liad lOO'r rot. The cards for all of the seedlings that had too much false blossom to be used for a sec- ond test were discarded, and the

cards representing seedlings with intermediate amounts of infection were kept in a "special group". As before, the cards were sorted and discarded for poor color, poor gloss, and low relative yield, and, in addition, cards indicating that seedlings had twice as much rot as the surrounding seedlings were dis- carded. Cards indicating that a seedling had only half as much rot as the surrounding seedlings were saved if the other characters were favorable, as such seedlings were considered to be rot-resistant, Notes taken by Bain from the ber- ries harvested in 1943 were studied particularly for rot and yield.

Ripening of the berries aftei ' harvest, like other factors, variec j greatly for the seedlings studied ! One of the seedlings selected fo | canning ripened very little whei picked immature, but ripened oi the vines about September 25, am had better than average yield o berries of good shape and coloi On the other hand, neai-ly a thin of those that were selected fo both fresh fniit and canning migh be classed as good for ripening ii storage and many may be classes as fair for this characteristic.

The cards that were not discard ed in 1944 or 1945 were then pu together and studied. These card represented 140 seedlings that ap peared outstanding in 1944 am 1945. In 1945, the "cafeteria test for susceptibility to false blossor was applied to 362 of the seedling that appeared best in 1944, an those with high susceptibility ral ings were discai'ded. This left 9 seedlings in the general group fo the second fruiting test, while few others were put in the specif group.

Each of the 93 seedlings to b tested has been set in three rar (lomized locations in each bog t overcome soil variability. Earl Black, Howes, and Shaw's Succes were added as checks. The test are being made in two bogs in Ne' Jersey (Theodore H. Budd & Soi and Cutts Bros.) and in two bog in Massachusetts (A. D. Makepeac Co. and J. J. Beaton Co.). Th same number of vines were set i each location, so that the rate c spread may be studied. Thef plots will be obsei-ved to see whic

Eight

seedlings fruit cai'liest, which have the greatest yiekl, disease resist- ance, best season of ripening, keeping quality, etc. It has al- ready been mentioned that these selections are also being tested in Wisconsin.

The "special group" contained 33 seedlings that could not be used in the general test because of in- sufficient vines of good quality to set the test plots. Two of these seedlings were very outstanding, and the others were exceptionally good. Joseph Palmer of the Po- mona Fruit Co., New Jersey, vol- unteered to test these in addition to about 50 of the 93 selections.

In addition, 26 seedlings have been selected for canning to be set in Massachusetts (Cape Cod Com- pany and United Cape Cod Co. These seedlings have high yield, but do not have all the other char- acteristics desirable for fresh fruit. With them will be set a number that have good yield and have been included in the general and special groups.

In Wisconsin, selections are be- ing made in a somewhat different manner from that followed in New- Jersey; seedlings are being dis- carded as soon as any undesirable vine or berry characteristics are detected. This greatly reduces the number of plants on which it is necessary to keep records.

(Continued in June)

r

TOP

Young cranberry seedlings which had been in the seedling nursery for three years. When the plants were young the runners were trained around the center to force fruiting uprights.

CENTER

Old seedlings showing how the runners were trained to fill the .square. Runners which developed later were cut off. Weeds which grew in the path were kept mowed with a lawn mower. The New Jer- sey nursery had over 8V2 miles of path.

LOWER

One of the outstanding seedlings in 1944 and 194.5. Four of the stakes were painted on the tip, rep- resenting four promising charac- ters recorded in 1944. The four white stakes represent four or more favorable characters pecked out by four cranberry growers.

*JlSp»»'

,wSsbp^

Nitir

JOHN SHIELDS

Landscape Gardener Built a Bog to Sell, but Became Cranberry Grower Him- self Instead — Just Elected to Third Term as Presi- dent of Upper Cape Cod Cranberry Club.

By

CLARENCE J. HALL

John F. Shields of Ostervillo, Mass., who has just been elected to his third term as president of Upper Cape Cranberry Club, wa.5 (and still is) a landscape garden- er, who became a cranberry grow- er through building a bog which he had intended to sell — and then found he didn't want to part with it. That was in 1941 and the piece was one of three acres on Run Pond in nearby Marstons Mills, in the brief years since, he has built his cranberry holdings to approx- imately 40 acres, and, intends to acquire more acreage, if he finds the sort of bog he wants.

"I built this swamp in my spare time, at the urging of Jesse Mur- ray, Osterville grower, who is treasurer of the Upper club. The location was maple bottom, there was complete and adequate flow- age and good sand. I did a lot of work on that little bog myself — it was when my landscape business was slack — I dug and I wheeled and I sanded.

"When it came time to sell and I had an offer at what I considered a good price, I found that I didn't want to sell at all. I felt I had built that bog right, and it was

right. This sounds foolish, but I just didn't want it to fall into any- body's hands who perhaps wouldn't treat it right and keep it the way I had built it."

Although born i n suburban Bi'ookline, Shields has been on ti e Cape, during the summers at lea it, since he was scarcely more than an infant. His father, James T. Shields, now retired, had been gar- dener on various estates in the Os- terville area. Shields grew i:p with a fondness for plant life. He had, worked on cranberry bogs as a boy for Cornelius A. Driscoll, well known Cape grower, and he had worked at landscaping. Enjoys "Making Things Grow" His decision to become a land- scape man himself was a perfectly

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logical one, and for some years he worked at, and learned, the busi- ness, finally being foreman for Robert Cross, landscape gardener, of Osterville. After that he went into business for himself. For th3 past fifteen years he has been trae superintendent for the town of Barnstable, of which Osterville is ■i village. He has attended short courses in tree and plant culture at Massachusetts State College.

Shields is a man who enjoys "making things grow". Cranber- ries are "something which grow out of the soil", and. so he really gets fun out of growing.

He recognizes that he is a new- coiTier to cranberry culture, as compared to the long years of ex- perience many growers have put in. His opening comment and his parting "shot" to this interviewer were, "Don't put me down as try- ing to tell cranberry growers what they should do, or what they shouldn't." Denying any desire to d,o that, he does admit that for himself he has "some thoughts at the back of my mind" about cran- berry growing that he has tried out, and other theories that he wants to prove or disprove. He believes there are features about cranberry growing which can still stand improvement.

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"Some Bogs Are Starved"

One of the beliefs he is coming to develop, as are some other grow- ers, is that there is strong possi- bility that too much water is being used in cranberry growing.

"As for myself, whenever possi- ble, I let the winter flood oflF in Mai'ch, and if not then, as soon thereafter as I can. I also make a practice of keeping the bogs from being too wet at other times. I am pretty well convinced from my own experience and from what I have observed around is that as litte water used as is sufficient, the better off a bog is.

"I think proper water control and the proper 'feeding' of cran- berries are two very important factors, and by 'feeding' I mean fertilizing whenever necessary. I am all for a scientific program of fertilization of cranberry bogs. I've looked at some bogs and from my experience with trees and shrubs, I've just known that these vines were slowly starving to death. Any plant has to receive the food it needs to stay healthy and produce."

.Shields has made many fertili- zer experiments, using "evei-ything from nitrate of soda to potato fer- tilizers". While all for fertilizing when necessary, he admits he has not arrived, at the answers yet, even to his own satisfaction. He i.sn't even sure he is on the right track toward a i-eally satisfactory fertilization plan. He points out

that so often different results are obtained with the same fertilizer from year to year and on different sections of a bog that he still has a lot of unanswered questions.

"Fertilizing probably isn't neces- sary on peat bottoms where there is enough plant food, but I cer- tainly think some kind of fertili- zer program is necessary on hard bottom. A good many bogs have plenty of rich muck at the centers, but often the peat edges are car- ried off and into meadows and sand, banks, and on these areas added plant food has to be given. He cited one instance of where he had felt a certain small bog looked starved, to him, and after fei-tiliz- ing he had raised production on a piece of two acre extent to 175 barrels in one year.

"More Work, Better Bogs"

Shields would like to be able to grow better cranberries than are now grown generally, and, if he had a "policy", it is to grow more cranberries on less acreage. The chief way to obtain these objec- tives, he believes, is through more thorough application on the pa-t of the grower.

"I have a suspicion that sound.er fruit can be grown, and often the reason is because all growers jo not work hard enough at it. They don't take enough pains with then- bogs. I am certain the main dif- ference between producing 25 bar- rels to the acre and 100 barrels to the acre on good, bog is often ,n

the grower's own hands. It seems reasonable that we can expect a consistent yield of between 60 and 100 barrels to the acre here in Massachusetts, and that includes Cape Cod as well as Plymouth County. The people that I know who have the best crops are al- ways those who pay the most at- tention to their bogs."

In the more effort in cranberry growing, Mr. Shields would include the personal effort of the grower himself, as much as the grower finds possible. "Yes, I mean some real, physical work. I don't know of any better way for a bog own- er to learn, than to put in some work himself — he keeps his hand in — he leai-ns his bog. If a grow- er does some of the work himself, it will at least give him some basis to judge of what he should or should, not expect of his men.

"Successful bog operation seeins to me to be just about two percent executive ability and 90 percent ap- plication to cranben-y growing, in- cluding some physical effort. I have a lot of respect for the scien- tific side and I'm always calling up Dr. Franklin at the State Bog, but when all is said, it is the actual work that goes into a bog that grows the cranberries."

Shields is not discouraged with cranberry growing prospects of Barnstable County.

Future for Young Men

Shields considers that cranberry growing has excellent possibilities

EJeven

for young- men. He doesn't think this opportunity all lies in the ex- ecutive side, either. Considering cranberry work as manual labor, he says the chances of steady work are good. One reason for this would be that a cranberi-y grower, if he is to be successful, must keep his pi'operty up in depression as well as good times, and the reliable cranberry worker would be sure of steady employment.

Keen as he is on the aspect of physical work. Shields feels that whatever can be done most effi- ciently by modern machinery should be done that way, and that the opportunity of mechanical equipment to save time and money should never be overloked. Even so, he still thinks some manual la- bor is best in the finishing touches.

Shields also prefers to harvest his own crop, even though he is a member of the National Cranberry Association. He does not have ade- quate packing facilities for all his production as yet, but expects to build a screenhouse. He likes io carry his crop through to the point of marketing.

He has liked to "experiment" with marketing, as he calls it, and still expects to dispose of some of his crop in his own fashion. Al- though having this urge to experi- ment in marketing, he belie'es "the two co-ops are responsible for the stabilization of the market and prices, and cooperative effoit should have the backing of every grower. As a member of NCA, I feel that more growers should be- long to that progressive group."

The bogs which Shields has ac- quired since building his first small

piece have been bought since 1942. during tlie uncertainties of the war period. One of ten acres is the Santuit Pond Bog; there is one of about 16 acres at South Mashpee, and one of 12 acres, the Old Col- ony Farm Bog at Yarmouth.

Shields in his landscape work is to have the assistance now of a younger brother, James Shields, who during the war served in the r.avy. His brother will also prob- ably eventually work into ci'an- berry growing in some capacity.

Bog Value Will Be Higher

Shields in watching for good value in bogs to acquire has felt certain that good bog value is not going down but is to increase m the future, and in this he is loyal to his county of Barnstable.

Growers Are Interested in Modern Fluming

Cranberry growers today are definitel.v interested in more effic- ient and economical methods of cranberry production. This inter- est extends to all phases, including modern type prefabricated flumes. Two of these flumes (models of which were exhibited at the spring- meeting and exhibition of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation April 3Cth) are developments by Paul J. Whipple of The Forges Contractors Inc., Plymouth, Mass.

These flumes, which are made either full or half round, range in size from the full round model

shown, which has a liser one foot in diameter with eight-inch inlet and outlet, to risers six feet in diameter, with inlets and outlets up to four feet or larger. The flumes are made of corrugated gal vanized iron pipe, bonded with as bestos and covered with heavy asphalt. The flumes have galvan-j ized iron wings to prevent seepage J and to make them secure in the dykes. The water is controlled by ., flashboards inserted in channel irons in' the riser; this control is J much the same as with the boards ' in the old-style wood or concrete flumes. There can be one or more cutlets as desired, within reason, permitting greater flexibility of ' action because the flow of water can be controlled in one, two, or three outlets independently.

The full round flumes can be placed either on the pressure side of the dyke or in the middle and a cover put over the top so as not to interfere with travel over the dyke. If it is placed in the middle of the dyke water can be held on either side of the flume as the need may arise. For flooding at night the danger of falling off a high flume is completely done away with, and the flumes can be locked ti' keep out prowlers and children who might pull the boards and ruin a whole year's crop.

The half round flumes should be placed on the pressure side of the dyke. They control the water much the same as the conventional type flumes do. The flashboards slide in channel irons set on the face of the flume. The half round ii- a little lower priced than the full round and in some cases a little

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easier to install. Like the full round, the half round flume can have more than one outlet with in- dependent control on each outlet. With this flexibility of outlet con- trol, one flume can in many cases take the place of two or three con- ventional type flun\,es.

The advantages of these types of flumes are: permanency; economy in first cost and in installation; the latter being much less than concrete flumes and probably a little less than wooden flumes; they can be placed on a soft bottom with much less danger of settling fast than a concrete flume which is much heavier. If they do settle too much for continued use over a period of years, they aren't a to- tal loss such as would be the case with a concrete flume, because they can be dug out and reset with lit- tle expense compared to the cost of installing a new concrete flume.

Whipple is the son of Sherman L. Whipple, Jr. (Cranberries, Dec. 1946). He has installed three of these all metal (full round) flumes at the bog of his father in the Chil- tonville section of Plymouth. One has a 30 inch riser and 21 inch in- lets and outlet; this flume is for gravity flooding of a four acre bog; one with a four foot diameter riser, 30 inch inlet and outlet to handle the water for about ten acres; the third, also a four foot diameter riser with 30 inch inlet and outlet, is fourteen feet high and is designed to handle all the water from an eleven acre reser- voir to take care of the whole 30 acres of Sherman L. Whipple's bogs when they are completed.

George R. Briggs of Manomet is installing six or more of the half round flumes in his bogs at Indian Brook, Manomet. He had orig- inally planned to put concrete (leaders on the pipes which he ran under the roads and through the dykes, but he feels that this new type flume will do equally as well at much less expense.

Theodore Budd of Pemberton, N. J., has ordered one of the half round flumes to experiment with and see if they are going to be of any value to the growers in New Jersey.

Preliminary Fig-ures of Mass. Survey Released

The important preliminary I'e- port of the Massachusetts cran- berry survey has been released by U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics and Massachusetts Department of Agriculture, under signatures of C. D. Stevens N. E. Crop Statistic- ian, and F. E. Cole, Commissioner of Agriculture, revealing some highly interesting facts in the changes in the Massachusetts cran- berry picture. Release says in part:

"In 1924 and again in 1934 sur- veys of cranberry acreages were made to cover needs for data on this important Massachusetts crop. In recent years there has been an insistent demand on the part of organizations connected with the cranberry industry for up-to-date data which would show the prog- ress being made. Through the ef- forts of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, funds to fi- nance such a survey were secured for the Massachusetts Department of Agriculture. This report covers the results of the current survey for items on which tabulations have been completed. Totals are preliminary and may be i-evised in the final report.

"One of the most important in- dications of progress in the cran- berry industry is data on acreage and the flowage facilities which are .wailable to protect the production of such acreage. In the thirteen years since the previous survey was made the total of Massachu- .setts cranberry acreage has in- creased from 13,644 acres to 14,- 927. an increase of nine per cent. Acreage in Barnstable county has continued to decline to a currently reported total of 3,347 acres, four per cent less than in 1934. In Ply- mouth county, on the other hand, cranberry acreage incieased to a total of 10,409 acres in 1947, four- teen per cent above the total in 1934. Bristol, Dukes, Essex and Middlesex counties also show im- portant increases in cranberry acreage during this period. 6"The improvement in flowage fa- cilities has been more significant

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than the increase in acreage. For the State, acreage with full flow- age protection increased 1,951 acres or 30 per cent. Bogs with winter and two spring flows in- creased 620 acres or 34 per cent. There was a small increase in the acreage of dry bogs while the re- duction is indicated in the acreage of bogs depending on winter flow- age or on winter flowage and one spring flow. These data indicate clearly that the production capac- ity of Massachusetts cranberry bogs has been increased in recent years by further improving flow- age facilities.

Comparing the trends in flowage protection of Barnstable and Ply- mouth Counties, we find that in Barnstable county acreage with full flowage protection has in- creased 22 per cent since 1934 in spite of a decrease of four per cent in total acreage. In Plymouth county an increase of 30 per cent ii. acreage with full flowage pro- tection was accompanied by a 9 per cent increase in total acreage. Most of the minor counties also show substantial increase in cran- berry acreage with full flowage fa- cilities.

Currently 57 per cent of the Massachusetts acreage has full flowage facilities compared with only 48 per cent of the acreage in this category in 1934. In Ply- mouth county 62 per cent of the acreage now has full flowage pro- tection, while in Barnstable county 39 per cent is similarly protected. In 1934 only 55 per cent of Ply- mouth county and 31 per cent of the Barnstable county acreage had full flowage protection.

Acreage bv Varieties

The chansx' in the varieties of i-ranberry bogs planted in recent years should be of interest. Cur- rently there are 8,739 acres of Early Blacks, 32 per cent more than the P. 636.4 acres reported in 1931. Early Black.s appear to be pradually replacing other varieties, as the repoited acreage for every other variety is now smaller than in 1934. A total of 5,174.6 acres of Howes is reported, four per cent less than in the previous survey. Other varieties show greater de- creases. At the present time 59 per cent of the cranberry bog acre-

age is Early Blacks, compared with 49 per cent in 1934, while the acre- age of Howes is 36 per cent of the total, compared with 39 per cent leported in pievious years.

Currently cranberry growers ap- pear to be planning to plant con- siderable acreages of new bog. Totals of the sui-vey indicate that 512 growers intend to build 1,799 acres of bog during the next three years. In connection with the sur- vey, records were secured from 1,599 growers.

Editor Praises Attitude of New England Sales

Roy H. Park Guest Speaker at Annual Meeting of' G r o u p — Season Past Called Best in History of] Organization.

N. C. A ADVANCES TO S30 BARREL. SO FAR- DARLINGTON. DIRECTOR

NCA directors, meeting at Han- son Monday, May 5th, voted to pay another advance of $5.00 a bbl., bringing total to date to $30, with a still further payment to come, it is announced. Also a 50 cents cash dividend was voted on each share of common stock, which is four per cent interest.

Approval was given to plans for remodeling, enlai-ging and improv- ing plants of the cooperatives in the various cranberry areas, total expenditures during the coming year to amount to $400,000. The objective is to speed up production from the present 4,000 bbls. a day to a total of 6,000 a day for all plants.

Members of the New England Cranberry Sales Company, meeting in the Carver, Mass., town hall April 17, heard that their organiza tion had just finished the best year in its history, heard, it praised a: iin exemplary cooperative.

NECSCO Manager Arthur D. j Benson told members during thej morning meeting that 1946 had) produced the second largest crop i in the industry's history — 850,000 i barrels, about 20,000 short of the J record set in 1937 — which sold at ! the highest average price in the ' industry's history.

During the afternoon members i heard a detailed report on sales by ' American Cranberry Exchange I General Manager, C. M. Chaney.

Said Chaney, the Exchange op- erated on 2.8 per cent during the season, the lowest on record. The . high price was due to the fact that! this was the first year cranberries ' were free of ceiling prices since ; 1943, he said.

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He predicted that there would be more sugar next year, making for good consumer demand for cran- berries, but that much more adver- tising would also be necessary to keep sales high under more com- petitive conditions.

The annual meeting of the New England Cranberry Sales Company

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is held in April because the fiscal year ends March 31, the time at which all sales of cranberries from ihe previous fall's crop are usually completed. Such was the demand last season, however, that all sales were completed in December, 1946, and most made in November.

High praise of the Sales Com- pany was spoken by Roy H. Park, editor of the Cooperative Digest and well-known figure in co-oper- ative circles throughout the na- tion.

Park asserted: "the Sales Com- pany is the most democratic co-op I have ever seen. It has only the interest of the grower at heart, its operation is open to public inspec- tion, it is highly business-like and confines itself strictly to those ser- vices its members really require. It does not have the overly ag- gressive attitude of looking for extra duties which are not neces- sarily best performed by a fruit- marketing cooperative.

"I am really impressed by the size of the turnout at this meeting. "It indicates the responsibility your members feel, an important fact in a cooperative. Also I am glad to see so many young people here. It shows that your organi- zation, with their interest, will en- dure."

Benson also announced that NECSCO had handled 134,816 bbls., and the company had oper- ated on 1% per cent during the season.

Dues of members were dropped from $10 a year to $1 each by vote of the membership. The canning and stock purchase committee was discontinued and its duties given to the executive committee. On the contact committee Arthur Chandler leplaced Kenneth Garside, and Robert Hammond replaced C. D. Hammond, Sr. The supplies com- mittee was discontinued. Manager Benson and Garside were dropped from the screening house commit- tee and not replaced. E. L. Bar- tholomew and Carroll Griffith re- l.laced Russell Trufant and Walter D. Rowley on the membership and liublicity committee.

Robert Hammond and E. L. Bar- tholomew replaced E. S. Atwood and L. B. R. Barker as directors

(Continued on Page 21)

Western Pickers, Inc. Explain Plans for It's New Cranberry Picker

1947 will see a nation-wide test and demonstration of the Western Cranberry Picker, with machines in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wis- consin, Washington, and Oregon, under the personal supervision of "Rudy" Hillstrom, President of the Western Pickers, Inc.

It has long been a hope that a cranberry picker would eventually be developed that would harvest cranberries efficiently, do no dam- age to the vines, be inexpensive to operate, have few moving parts to get out of adjustment, be light enough to move from place to place, be weather-proof, and leave no marks on the bog. Western Pickers Inc. believes that it has such a machine.

History records only one perfect machine — the old legendary "one horse shay" — so perfectly designed and proportioned that every spoke and bolt worked perfectly up to the last moment and then all collapsed together.

It was first contemplated to sell these machines outright and more orders for machines were received than could be manufactured because of shortages in engines, bearings, and sponge rubber. However, it was deemed advisable to test and demonstrate the Western Picker under all the diflferent conditions that arise in actual commercial use. There will be variations in bogs, in vines, in berries, in ground conditions, in help, in weather, in materials used. Only scientific ob- servation, accurate cost account- ing, and trial and error, can de- termine what, if any, adjustments are advi.sable in the Western Pick- ers before the machine will be al- lowed to go it alone.

After much consideration, it was decided that a royalty plan spon- sored by a nation-wide organization would be the best method of intro- duction. So therefore. Western Pickers, Inc., has arranged with National Cranberry Association to test and demonstrate its picker dur- ing the coming year. In this way the machines will only earn what they actually pick. We hope to see all growers behind the handlebars, (adv).

Fifteen

(^ditMals

ISSUE OF MAY, 1947 Vol. 12 No. 1

^^^^WHM.C«««RW««jy^'

CRANBERRY BREEDING PROGRAM

CRANHERRIES - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSETTS

(CRANBERRIES Magazine feels deeply ^ privileged to begin, in this issue, the first really comprehensive publication of the story of the cranberry breeding program. The article has been approved for publica- tion by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Massachusetts and New Jersey Agricultural Stations. It rep- resents much work in this summing up of progress from its various angles by the authors, F. B. Chandler, R. B. Wilcox, H. F. Bain, H. F. Bergman and Haig Derman, all of whom have been concerned in differ- ing degrees in the program.

This breeding program is the first scien- tific attempt to get a cranberry variety, or varieties, better than those which have been produced by the natural developments of Nature. The varieties now "cultivated" are, after all, but the best selections of va- rieties of the bees, produced as the result of winds and other natural forces.

It is an effort to "pile up", or more ex- actly to combine the most desirable qual- ities from a number of the most desirable natural selections. Objectives are to de- velop varieties less tasteful to the leafhop- pers, thereby lessening the menace of false blossom, to develop cranberries more re- sistant to rot; to produce varieties which iiave a higher yield, to produce a berry which ripens earlier and therefore has a shorter growing season. Other desirable factors will probably be found. There is the hope a better berry may be grown sole- i.y for the fresh market, also a berry which is better for processing than any of the l")rc.=ent natural varieties. A whole new book of cranberry growing can be opened up from the inherent possibilities within this program.

The cranberry industry should even- tually be the large beneficiary from this proe;ram which began 18 years ago and which, it is understood, has already in- volved the expenditure of more than $100,- •''00. The general public should also be the beneficiary through the development of better cranberries.

We feel the publication of this comin'e- hensive article is an important contribution to cranberry culture, and if it awakens in- terest and a true respect for the value of

Sixteen

Subscription $3.00 per year Advertising rates upon application

Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HAI,L

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin

VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin

Washington-Oregon

J. D. CROWLEY

Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash.

ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon

Massachusetts

DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN

Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station

East Wareham, Mass.

BERTRAM TOMLINSON

Barnstable County Agricultural Agent

Barnstable, Mass.

New Jersey

CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,

New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station,

Pemberton, New Jersey

*"his program that will be all to the good. The credit for the approaching success be- longs to the conscientious work and ability of the scientists working upon it, and, again, to them and to Dr. George M. Dar- row. Principal Pomologist, U. S. D. A., our appreciation for being assigned its i)ubli- tion.

THIS issue begins the 12th year of the publication of CRANBERRIES. This num- ber contains 40 pages including covers, the largest yet reached. For 132 consecutive months we have attempted to mirror the happenings and progress of cranberry growing everywhere, in the best interest of ALL growers and those associated with the industry.

Pictorial Section

.2 < .£ 'S

n oa ♦:

a

>-' X

a **

Seventeen

President George A. Cowen of Rochester conducts recent meeting of New England Cran- berry Sales Company. (Photo American Cranberry Ex^-'hange)

Eighteen

Pail! Whipple shows comparative sizes of largest and smallest prefabricated flumes being distributed by Forges Contracting Company, Plymouth, Mass. (Cranberries Photo)

A large crowd of cranberry growers of the district visited the displays of equipment of the indus- try at the Spring meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association at the Town Hall Wai'e- ham. Above, Warren Whiting, representing the Sempos Product Co., East Wareham, explains the operation of a Sempos Float Boa, to Robert Whiting (no relation), and his father, H. F. Whiting, of Plympton. and N. Phillips, of Ply nouth. (Cranberries Photo)

Left — New ACE Director "Jimmy" Holman and Di- rector Edward, Crabbe listen to ACE Pi'esident Theodore H. Budd, Sr., at New Yoi k meiHing. (ACE Photo)

N. E. Sales Co.

(Continued from Page 15)

t^ the Exchange. Mr. Barker de- clir.ed to serve further as a direc- tor and thanked the members for giving him so many years in that position and asked to be allowed to step aside after 26 years and re- quested that another take over for him. He explained the way the Exchange helps members and told how the directors help set the prices.

He was given a rising ovation by the membership for his long service, a tribute he had earned many times over through his long years of service as an outstanding ;ind faithful leader in the com- pany and the Exchange.

E. C. McGrew gave an interest- ing talk, referring to the chaos be- fore the days of the Exchange and of the slow, steady evolution of the industry's prosperity since that time.

George A. Cowen of Rochester was relelected president of the Sales Company. Other officers re- elected were Homer L. Gibbs, 1st vice president; George E. Short,

2nd vice president; Arthur D. Ben- son, manager; Sue Pitman, assist- ant treasurer.

LeBaron R. Barker resigned as d' rector of the American Cran- berry Exchange and there was one vacancy. Robert C. Hammond of Plymouth and E. L. Bartholomew of Wareham were reelected to fill the vacancies.

Local directors were chosen as follows:

District 1 (Hanson. Pembroke. Marshfield, Duxbury, Kingston, Plympton) — Fred L. Bailey, Ar- thur H. Chandler, Paul E. Thomp- son.

District 2 (Plymouth): L. B. R. Barker, George Briggs, Edward S. Griffith, Robert C. Hammond, Geo. E. Short, Sherman L. Whipple, Jr.

District (3) Middleboro: Wales Andrews, John B. Howes, Alvert A. Thomas.

District 4 (Carver): H. R. Bail- ey, Frank H. Cole, Homer L. Gibbs, Ruel S. Gibbs, Carroll D. Griffith, Kenneth E. Shaw, Russell A. Tru- fant, Herbert J. Vaughan, Homer Weston.

District 5 (Assonet, Freetown, Lakeville, Rochester, Taunton and

Marion): Harold R. Allen, George A. Cowen, Herbert E. Dustin, Na- hum Morse.

District 6 (Wareham): E. L. Bartholomew, Arthur E. Bullock, Joseph L. Kelley.

District 7 (Barnstable County): J. Foxcroft Carleton, Louis A. Crowell, William Crowell, E. E. Eldredge, Victor E. Leeman.

Attention Cranberry Growers ! !

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145 150 155 160 165

162 168 173 178 182

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Twenty-one

Southern Oregon Club Meeting

Bandon, Oregon. — An enthusia'i- tic group of some 40 members of the Southwestern Oregon Cran- berry club discussed production problems at its current meeting, in Masonic hall, here.

Application and effects of vari- ous weed killers were the principal topics, with experiences related by various growers in an exchange of valuable information. Jim Olson stated that the use of a weed- killer combination this year se- verely "burned" some of his vines. The combination was Cynox an'l paint thinner. Olson reported that he applied Cynox to his bog, and after waiting more than a week he sprayed the vines with a paint thinner solution. He said new vine growth in several spots of the bog was severely burned af- ter the paint thinner solution.

Discussion of weed eradication brought out that the use of paint thinner as a weed killer seemed to

be most effective while the vines are dormant, and. after it has af- fected the weeds the bog should be flooded to float off the residue and prevent inhibition of later vine growth.

Action was begun by the club to obtain bulletins on weed killers from the experiment station in the State of Washington, and discussed a project to have the Bandon Pub- lic Library receive agricultural bul- letins for use by growers.

The club is a non-marketing or- ganization whose purpose is tlie exchange and dissemination of new ideas and useful information to aid all cranberry growers.

Officers elected for the cur-rent year are: Ray Bates, president; Frank Pook, vice president; Mrs. Jim Olson, secretai'y; Charles Ritchey, recording secretary; Sum- ner Fish, treasurer.

Jack Hansell, assistant County Agricultural Agent, who has been taking an active interest in the de- velopment of the cranberry indus- try in the county, attended th*' meeting to discuss reimbursement

to cranberry growers by the Fed- eral Government for conservation practices.

Ace Holds 40th Annual Meeting In New York

Directors of American Cranber- ry Exchange, meeting at the Ho- tel Pennsylvania, New York, April 2,3, at their 40th annual meeting, voted to approve the admission of the Oregon Coos Cranberry Co-op and voted the Coos president, Ray- mond W. Bates, into the board of directors.

The preview day at members' meeting at the New York o ce of the Exchange directors had been chosen, there being five new faces on the board. These, besides now- West Coast Director Bates, were FI. L. Bartholomew of Wareham, Massachusetts, and Robert C. Hammond of East Wareham, Mass., Harold DeLong of Mather, Wisconsin, and James D. Holman of Lakewood, New Jersey. Direc-

■ rrroioz^ysc^:;^

Prevenh /fotdndlemitesi

Saves Costly Repairs and Renewals

WHERE

THERE IS CUPROLICNUM

THERE IS NO ROT

PROTECTS CANVAS, NETS, ROPES AND WOOD

Protect Your Flumes and Gates

New England Representative

ROBERT S. CHASE

195 Marlboro Street

Boston 16, Mass.

Twrnly-twii

lois re-elected were: Massachu- totts. A. D. Benson, George E. Short, Hcmcr L. Gibbs, George A. Cowen, George Briggs; New Jer- sey, Theodore H. Budd and Edward Ciabbe; Wisconsin, Bernard C. Brazeau, Vernon Goldsworthy, Craig M. Scott.

'•Bob' Hammond and Barthol- omew in the Massachusetts repre- sentation succeeded L. B. R. Bar- ker who had requested retirement after 26 years, and C. D. Ham- mond, Sr. Wisconsin was accord- ed one additional director, New Jersey losing one because of the shift in barrelage in those produc- ing areas.

Officers elected were: President, Theodore H. Budd, Sr.; first vice president. Homer L. Gibbs; second vice president, George Briggs; third vice president, Bernard C. Brazeau; executive vice president, C. M. Chaney; secretary, E. C. Mc- Grew; treasurer, E. C. McGrew; assistant treasurer, K. F. Pratt.

Executive committee: B. C. Bra- zeau, Homer L. Gibbs, A. D. Ben- son, James D. Holman, George Briggs.

Advertising committee: Gibbs, than 850,000 barrels this has been

Benson, Holman. ^j^^ greatest year the industry has

Addressing the Hotel Pennsyl- vania meeting, Chaney stated: ever seen. This is the second larg- "with a national crop of more est crop on record.

ARE YOU SURE?

Why not let us make a survey of your insurance without charge, to make sure that you are fully protected?

For more than 20 years, Mr. Eben A. Thacher, of this firm, has provided specialized insurance service to meet the needs of cranberry growers. He will be glad to discuss a survey of your requirements and present coverage.

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INSURANCE 65 Batterymarch Street, Boston

Telephone; Hancock 0830

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O

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Consult your local experiment station for informa- tion on Kryocide use. Kryocide comes in 4 lb. and 50 lb. bags. Order from your dealer NOW.

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Twenty-three

Growers Company Holds Its 52nd Annual Meeting

The fifty-second annual meeting of the Growers' CranbeiTy Com- pany was held in the office of the company, Pemberton, New Jersey, Tuesday, April 15.

It proved to be one of the most interesting- and progressive meet- ings yet held by the company. The members turned out in goodly numbers to hear the results of what proved to be the most suc- cessful season in the history of this, the oldest of Cranberry Co- operatives. The figures disclosed that the company had handled close to sixty-five percent of all the cranberries produced in New Jer- sey this season, and that the sales had more than doubled the largest previous year. A general feeling of optimism seemed to permeate the meeting. Theodore H. Budd- Sr., president, presided and dis- pose of a heavy program in good time.

Before proceeding with the busi- ness at hand, he asked that all bow their heads in silent respect to the memory of our past president of many yeai-s, Franklin S. Chambeis, following which the secretary read a beautiful tribute to Mr. Cham- bers, prepared by Ralph B. Clay- berger, his oldest friend, whifh was made a part of the and a copy ordered sent family.

C. M. Chaney, general manag.-r of the American Cranberry Ex- change, reported on the past sea- son's business by means of lantern slides and charts, which proved

record, to ."i'e

LLOYD M. HENDRICK

Registered Architect

Architect-Engineer

Public, Commercial and

Domestic Work

BAKER BLDG. BUZZARDS BAY

AND POCASSET, MASS.

We Have Listing of Cranberry Bogs, large or small

FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency

WILDA HANEV

Decas Block

Wareham, Massachusetts

very convincing. Mr. Chaney was quite happy over the results, as were the members.

The meeting authorized Presi- dent Budd to engage a field man, as early as possible, one capable of contacting present members and bringing in new ones, and render- ing real service to the growers. Such a man of necessity must know the cranberry business, and. be able to assist growers in their prob- lems.

Members voted to give them- selves only 60 days to retire from the company after the annual

meeting, this period having been voted last year to be four months. A vote was also taken to renew the processing contract with NCA, but re-aflirmed a resolution made at the last meeting that all mem- bers' berries must go through the Exchange, growers paying percent- age.

Officers elected for the ensuing year are:

President, Theodore H. Budd, Sr.; 1st vice president, Ralph B. Clayberger; 2nd vice president, Ed- ward Crabbe; 3rd vice president, and treasurer, E. C. Becher.

I

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Delegates to the American Cran- berry Exchange: Theodore H. Budd, Sr., Edward Crabbe, James D. Holman.

Directors to fill expiring terrns this year: Ralph B. Clayberger, H. B. Scammell, Albert W. Lillie, G. Sterling Otis, Ralph Haines.

Following the meeting, a dinner was sei"ved in Wesley Hall by the ladies of Grace Church, rounding out a pleasant and profitable day.

Cape Clubs Conclude Winter Meeting Series

Members Vote Directors Give Consideration t o Matter of Proposed Union with CCCGA, Postponing Any Immediate Action.

Cape Cod Cranberry clubs con- cluded a very successful winter meeting schedule with the April meeting, about 60 attending at both Upper and Lower Cape gath- erings.

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Twenty-five

At both clubs votes were passed that the directors give study to the proposed plans for some sort of official affiliation with the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Associa- tion, which, with the action of the CCCGA itself, postpones any pros- pect of a union for the time being, at least.

Dr. Franklin was a speaker at both, going- over the 1947 insect and disease chart, and explained the changes, stressing the point that DDT is recommended for the control of more insects than in 1946, a talk similar to that given before Plymouth County groups and reported in last month's issue.

At Orleans Ferris Waite of NCA displayed new sprinkler heads and portable pipe. He passed around photographs of the sprinklers and answered questions put to him

Continental Red Seal Industrial Engines

J. M. HACKETT

No. Hanover, Mass.

Tel. Rockland 1864

from the floor concerning the sprinklers and their use and there was much intei'est shown.

County Agent Bertram Tomlin- son showed movies of the Western Picker.

Also at Orleans Dr. A. B. Beau- mont, State Soil Conservation, told of the work being done in that field in Massachusetts, the state having been divided into 12 dis- tricts, which took in 93% of total

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Tel. Hanover 334

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E. T. Cault Transportation Co. Pranconia Service Station

Freight Transportation (including cranberries in season). Heavy equipment hauling. Tel. 227

Franconia Coal Co.

Water-White Kerosene for Weed Control this spring.

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Tires, Tubes, Batteries, Auto and Truck Re- pairing and Greasing. Jenney Gasoline and Motor Oils.

Distributors for MACK and INTERNATIONAL TRUCKS

Tel. 39-R

CAULT CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

"EDDIE" T. GAULT. JR.

Main St., Wareham, Mass.

Tel. 227

Twenty-six

acreage. Surveys show, he said, that 96 per cent of cultivated land in Massachusetts has been, or is

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20 Mill Street Arlington, Mass.

Arlington 0128-J

eroding. He said that besides pre- venting this waste, the Soil Con- servation Service could also assist in drainage and water supply prob- lems for cranberry bogs.

Dr. Beaumont offered to set up a soil conservation district in Barn- stable county if growers signed a petition for it. Some of the grow- ers signed at the meeting.

Officers elected at the Upper Club were: John F. Shields, Oster- ville, president; Robert Handy, Cataumet, vice president; William Foster. East Sandwich, secretary; .^-Ivin Crocker, Forestdale, treas- I'rer. Directors: Malcolm Ryder.

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South Sandwich; Roger Burlin- game, Cotuit; Loring Jones, Mar- stons Mills; Myron Ryder, Cotuit. At the Lower Cape club officers were re-elected as Frederick A. Eldredge, Jr., Dennisport, pres- ident; Brant D. Ellis, Dennis, vice president; secretary-treasm-er, Cal- vin Eldredge, Pleasant Lake. Di- rectors: George S. Bearse, Chat- ham, chairman, Maurice E. Lee, Brewster; Robert W. Chase, West Harwich; Herman S. J. Loud, Den- nis; Raymond Syrjala, Hyannis.

C.C.C.G.A. Meeting

(Continued from Page 4)

Hayden Separator Mfg. Company, Wareham ; Cranberry Trading Po.st, Plymouth, South Harwich, Onset; Frost Insecticide Company, Arl- ington; Eastern Aerial Surveys, 61 Shirley street, Boston; Niagara Spprayer & Chemical Co., Middle- port, N. Y.; Forges Construction Company, Plymouth; Clapper Com- pany, 1121 Washington street. West Newton; New England Cran- berry Sales Company; Ralph Elliot, Sandwich road, Wareham; Joe Hackett, North Hanover.

Following the business meeting there was the instructive speaking program.

Dr. Fellers

Dr. C. R. Fellers, head of Food Technology at Mass. State College, gave a very complete and interest- ing story of what cranberries are made of. This was a report on studies made at Amherst by the

Grossman's

On Cape Cod

"EVERYTHING TO BUILD WITH"

Opposite R. R. Station

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778 Tels. Sagamore 779

Twenty-seven

CONTROL...

Blunt-Nosed Leafhopper Gypsy Moth Caterpillar Blackheaded Fireworm

PYROCIDE DUST

• Quick-Kill

• Non-Irritating

• Non-Poisonous

• Economical

Experiment Station and by the American Cranberry Exchansu Fellowship. Dr. Fellers said the sugar content of fresh cranberries was low, but it was high in cran berry sauce, due to the sugar add- ed. Cranberries are unique in that they contain several acids. Most fruits have only one acid, as citric in citrus fruits, malic in apples, and tartaric in grapes. Cranber- ries, however, have four acid.s — citric, malic, benzoic and quinic. Dr. Fellers said the iron content was not high, but it was of excel lent nutritional quality. F. J. Sievers Director F. J. Sievers of Mass. Agricultural Experiment Station

f

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Twenty-^iijht

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Twenty-nine

said he enjoyed cranberries be- cause of their color, which added attractiveness to a meal. He lik- ened cranberries on the table to a table bouquet, stating that they both added atmosphere to the meal. The improvements at the station were enumerated by Director Sie- vers, and he explained how they would improve working conditions.

Willard Munson

Willard Munson, Director of Mass. Extension Service, outlined the extension sei-vice work in re- lation to cranberry work.

Commissioner Cole

Fred Cole, Commissioner of Ag- riculture, gave some of the high- lights of the acreage in the sur- vey just completed. He called on his assistant, Walter Piper, wwho explained how the survey was conducted, in the field and present- ed some information on flowage. Another assistant, C. D. Stevens, presented some of the information on varieties.

Dr. Franklin

With the aid of lantern slides. Dr. Franklin gave a very good ro

CRANBERRY REAL ESTATE APPRAISING

17 Court St. Plymouth, Mass.

BOG MANAGEMENT

Tels: Plymouth 1622 Kingston 319

If you are buying or selling Cranberry Property it will pay you to see us.

A number of properties available, more wanted.

Call

view of his recent bulletin on Weather and Cranberry Produc- tion. He stated that the crop in New Jersey is greatly influenced by rainfall in the growing season a year before the crop, and in Wis- consin by the March temperatures. In Massachusetts, it is more diffi- cult to estimate the crop, as there are a number of factors contribut- ing to productivity. Dr. Franklin said one of the practical applica- tions of his bublletin was the eflFect of rainfall on production and that growers would d.o well to handle the water in the ditches in relation to the rainfall (see italics p. 8 of Bulletin).

The tempepratures in March, Ap- ril and May have a great influence on the keepping quality of tlie Mass. crop, Dr. Franklin said. When the temperature at Middle- boro is above 34 in March, 44 'n April and 56 in May the quality will be poor. This is an important contribution, as the quality of the crop may be forecast before the fruit is set, which gives growers an opportunity to spray with fun- gicides.

ieter xV« -Lie 1^

age

PLYMOUTH

Tel. 740

"KEEP SMILING"

Peter A. LeSage ^^„„„„„

Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Tei. Bamstabie i07

Thirty

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^"^^T^tew

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Lightweisht, 20-noEzle Bean Spray Bocms are readily convertible to cranberry spraying. The powerful John Bean sprayer in the back- ground, discharges 35 gallons a minute, at 800 lbs. pressure.

More Cranberry Profits

. . . with Bean Cranberry Sprayers

Only high pressure spraying gives you real protection for your cranberry crops , .and cranberry profits. Under high pressure, spray materials reach every surface of every plant — tops and under- sides, leaves and vines. John Bean Cran- berry Sprayers perform for your profit: deliver a high pressure spray that covers the crop fast — when you need it and where you need it — without wasting costly spray materials.

They can be used for spraying with 2, 4-D, as well as with other chemicals, because their all-steel tanks do not ab- sorb spray materials, and hence can be cleaned. These economical sprayers — built for years of hard use — are all-

purpose ; can be used for spray painting, whitewashing, fire fighting. Bean spray- ers can be equipped with refillers for fast refilling from any tank or pond.

Trouble-free Bean Royal pumps are all-enclosed and deliver up to 60 gallons a minute at 800 lbs. pressure in the larger models. Four-wheeled units fea- ture cut-under construction, can follow the tractor down narrow dike roads.

Available in skid-mounted, t w o- wheeled or four-wheeled models; engine or tractor-powered, with pump capacities ranging from 15 gallons a minute, 600 lbs. pressure, to 60 gallons a minute, 800 lbs. pressure. See your dealer or write for catalog "O'.

JOHN BEAN MFG. CO

DIVISION OF FOOD MACHINERY CORP.

Lansing 4, Michigan Depf. 45

Dr. Franklin also introduced Miss Thelma Laukka, who was ref ently appointed to the staff of the Experiment Station at East Ware- ham, where she is doing- secretar- ial work, and he stressed the fact

that she has already had the op- portunity to do a good deal of valuable work for the association as well as her regular duties.

The speaking program was in charge of a committee consisting

of Bertram Tomlinson, chairman, Dr. F. B. Chandler, President Short and the exhibition in charge of Ferris Waite, chairman, Raymond Morse and Clarence J. Hall.

bm

PROTECT

THIS YEAR'S PROMISE FOR

A

PROFITABLE

CRANBERRY CROP

Use Black Leaf 40 in accordance with State recommendations for the control of

Blackheaded Fireworm Blunt-Nosed Leafhopper Spittle Insect Red-Striped Fireworm

TOBACCO BY-PRODUCTS & CHEMICAL CORP.

Incorporated LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY

Missed Meeting, But NCA 'Copter Now Arrived

In preliminary announcements for the meeting, it had been con- fidently expected helicopters would he present to give demonstrations, but delay in delivery prevented this.

However, "Ocean-Sprayer" No. 1 of NCA has arrived since the meeting, being flown unannounced, by Fred W. Soule into Hanson dur- ing a meeting of NCA directors May 5th.

Pilot Soule brought the "wind- mill" machine in on the lawn at the rear of the home of M. L. Urann, and after the meeting, Mr. Urann, the air-minded Charles L. Lewis, .1. C. Makepeace, directors, were taken up for flights. Soule dem- onstrated the maneuverability of

FULL- ROUND PLUNAt

cuannEtL irons pop, plasw boards

WINOS .- FLA5U &OAR05

RtlNFORCS-D

HALF- ROUND FLU^At

CHANNEL IRONS Pon. FLASU BOARDS

WINOS FLASH BOARDS

RES&RVOIB.,

SPECIALISTS IN BOG CONSTRUCTION AND REBUILDING

THE FORGES CONTRACTORS, Inc.

WATER ST., PLYMOUTH, MASS.

Tel. Plymouth 1763

Thirty-two

the machine, stopping in midair, going backwards and sideways. He hovered stationary two feet above the ground.

NCA plans an official demon- stration for members of the press the week of May 12, when the 'cop- ter will give a DDT spray eshibi-

Colley

Cranberry

Company

Plymouth, Mass.

Office 17 Court Street

Telephone Plymouth 1622

tion on a large bog and a small bog at Mayflower Grove. Hanson, to show the extreme versatility of the machine.

No. 2 'copter of NCA is expect- ed to arrive shortly, also.

Fresh from the Fields

(Continued from Page 5)

of April 2. R. B. Wilcox discussed rot control; W. E. Tonilinson, Jr., spoke on blunt-nosed leafhopper and other insect control problems, and C. A. Doehlert discussed cran- berry drainage problems.

On April 10 blueberry growers were invited to attend a demonstra- tion of a pruning shredder in oper- ation. By the use of such a ma- chine much valuable plant food that is in the prunings and which is ordinarily removed from the field and burned would be retained in the field to work over again for the grower.

On April 18 the Ocean County blueberry growers held a field meeting at the field of Oscar Downs in Lakehurst. Timely top- ics were discussed by R. S. Wil- cox, C. A. Doehlert and W. E. Tomlinson, Jr. Mr. Wilcox spoke

M^-

This engine-equipped Trac- tor Trailer Hardie Sprayer is one of many models which meet the varied require- ments of bog spraying. It can be drawn by any tractor or other motor vehicle to wherever it is needed.

Write for Catalog of Hardie High Pressure Sprayers and spray accessories now^ pro- duced in wide variety of ad- vanced designs. Sizes from 4 to 80 gallons per minute.

The Hardie Mfg. Company

Los Angeles 11, Calif. Hudson, Mich. Portland 9, Ore.

Export Dept. Detroit 26, Mich.

Canadian Office, C. W. Lewis, Grimsby, Ont.

Dependoble Sprayers

Thirty-thre*

CONTROL...

Blunt-Nosed Leafhopper Gypsy Moth Caterpillar Blackheaded Fireworm

PYROCIDE DUST

• Quick-Kill

• Non-Irritating

• Non-Poisonous

• Economical

NON-POISONOUS

PYROCIDE DUST

ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY

PORTLAND, CONN.

on mummy berry and its control, Mr. Doehlert discussed fertilizer and drainage and Mr. Tomlinson spoke on the control of the blue- berry blossom weevil.

Winter Injury — There has been some winter injury to bogs with high edges exposed and also in some bogs where the water was drawn from under the ice. In the latter instance injury is spotty, being confined to small areas where the ice and snow melted and exposed the vines to the drying ef- fects of the wind, while nearby areas where the vines were not ex- posed are perfectly normal.

Sanding — Sanding and resand- ing is becoming a much moi'e com- mon practice in New Jersey. More sanding has been accomplished this past fall and winter than ever before. There is still plenty of acreage still unsanded, but indica- tions are that the trend to sand will continue.

Replanting — Considerable re- planting is in progress with a large proportion being set me- chanically, as was mentioned last month. Early Black will make up close to 100 per cent of this re- newed acreage.

Eatnior Cranberries

A steady increase in service since 1907 results in complete service to Members in 1947 in the pro- duction, packing and marketing of cranberries.

New England Cranberry Sales Co.

(The Fresh Cranberry Cooperative) 9 Station Street Middleboro, Mass.

Thirty-four

WASHINGTON

Weather Warm

The weather has been unusually A-arm during March and April, the temperatures reaching as high as 50 degrees on Saturday, the 25th. The growing season is from two to three weeks earlier than the average, so berries should be quite large and yields proportionately tieavy if the weather trend contin- ues. There were several light frosts, but the sprinklers took care A those very nicely and there was no damage to the end of April, at least.

Dr. J. Harold Clarke and D. J. Crowley visited several bogs in Clatsop County, Oregon, April 15th. They found the growers in Clatsop all very busy, since the early season crowded bog work.

Growers put on the first spray for fireworni about Apx'il 28. The second spray will be applied three weeks from that time, when it is expected the bogs will be in the rook stage.

Several growers are talking about a trip to Massachusetts in

June, but how many actually will go is not yet determined.

Long Beach Cranberry Club

The Long Beach Cranberry Club met Friday evening, April 11th, in

the N. C. A. Freezer Building. .\fter a short business meeting, !)resided over by the president, Leonard Morris, the meeting was turned over to D. J. Crowley.

THOMAS BROTHERS General Contractors

MIDDLEBORO, MASS.

Tel. MidQleboro 772

Concrete Flumes and Pumpwells Transit Mix Concrete

Complete Line of Construction Equipment Excavating - Grading • Hauling

Leave the Tough Jobs for Us Our Experience is Your Guarantee

Cranberry Root Grubs White Grubs-Chokeberry White Violets • Loosestrife Poison Ivy

The Massachusetts Cranberri/ Station Chai-t No. 12 Recommends

Para-Dichlorohcnzeiu- for Root Grubs. White Grubs. Chokeberry, White Violets. Loosestrife and Poi.son Ivy. It should lie applied in April or early IMay. Quantities vary from TV. lbs. per sq. rod to ] .'■200 lbs. per acre. Write for details.

SOLVftY SALES CORPORATION, 45 Milk St., Boston 9, Mass.

?ARA-mCHiOROBlHnHl

Distributed in Massachusetts by CRANBERRY TRADING POST

Thirty-five

Mr. Crowley talked on the spray program for 1947. calling the growers' attention to the fact that spi'ay charts are now available. He asked all growers to let him know if they have not received their chart.

He told the growers that the first spray should be applied dur- ing the week of April 21st, the sec- ond spray to be applied when the blossoms are in the hook stage. He pointed out that the hook stage was the last DDT spray to be used for the season. A dianisyl-tri- chloroethane spray should be ap- plied when about two-thirds of the blossoms have fallen.

Crowley to Have Assistant

Mr. Crowley announced that

ARIENS-7///er

:==» THE MOST

COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA- PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS.

ARIENS CO.

Box 508 BRILLION. WIS.

there would be a full-time assist- ant at the Cranberry Experiment Station by about the middle of

June. A general question and an- swer discussion was held at the conclusion of the talk.

ELECTRICITY

is an ever-ready, efficient servant,

which will work for you

every month in the year.

Plymouth County Electric Co.

WAREHAM Tel. 200

PLYMOUTH

Tel. 1300

Business Is Good With Us

Frankly we need additional supplies of Cranberries to take care of our orders for the 1947 season.

We have good outlets for your entire crop for both fresh fruit and processing.

WE HAVE SERVED THE GROWERS FOR OVER A QUARTER CENTURY

DON'T WORRY. CONTACT

BEATON'S DISTRffiUTING AGENCY Cape Cod Cranberries WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS

970 Telephone Wareham j^^

Thirty-six

:ranberries the year around.

CRANBERRKS now used many woy5...ffie Year'Round

Delkious as a JELLY or JAM

Strained cranberry is espe- cially good with meat, fowl, game, hot breads, etc. With Min-ot you enjoy that dis- tinctive appetizing zest- jellied just right.

Z'^r'

W/io/e tw^

CRANBERRY SAUCE

wif/i ICE CREAM

A new taste thrill! Delightful tort-sweet treat equally deli- clous with puddings, custard. The sauce with that old-fash- ioned goodness.

fOftttr,

<xys

WE ARE ENCOURAGING THROUGH NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING THE USE OF CRANBERRIES THE YEAR AROUND . . .

^'tt^y

ast,

Both Ready fo Serve

Reproduction ol advertisement appearing in newspapers supporting u.ses of Cranberries the year 'round.

MIN-OT FOOD PACKERS INC.

BRIDGETON

NEW JERSEY

Represented by BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY

WAREHAM. MASS.

^^¥^--

RVINC A $12,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY

APE COD lEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON

SEEDLINGS PLANTED— Selections o( Breeding Program are set out for further tests on bogs Massachusetts growers contributed for the purpose. Photo shows Dr. Chandler and Foreman 0> Norton on Porter bog of Cape Cod Co., Rochester. Vines are set in squares with two fool path.

June, 1947

30 cents

Founded in 1895 . . .

Our Company has steadily grown in scope and purpose until to- day it is unequalled in the character of its service and the range of its activities. '1

You are invited to become a member of this progressive Co-oper- ative, the oldest in the Cranberry industry. \

Growers Cranberry Company, Inc.

PEMBERTON, NEW JERSEY

\\

from A to Z

//

EVERY SERVICE AND AID POSSIBLE

IN THE REALM OF CRANBERRY CROWING

IS FURNISHED TO OUR MEMBERS.

THAT IS RECOGNIZED AS OUR POLICY.

Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company

WISCONSIN RAPIDS

WISCONSIN

^aie^ <x^

s

en(Acce

Ci'oii^c Courtly at Cytiiil'crry Trading Posf\ Onscf hiuiuh, iltipliiys his wares to an hltcrcstt-tl cnstjmcr.

Selling cranberries and cranberry products is only part of NCA's job. Growers join this cooperative not only to find a year- round market for all their berries, but also to take advantage of the many services it offers.

NCA's Cranberry Trading Post with branches in Plymouth, Onset, and No. Harwich, Massachusetts; Bordentown, New

Jersey; and on the West Coast, offers mem- bers an opportunity to make pool purchases of bog equipment and supplies at marked savings.

The Trading Post is one more reason why progressive growers are turning to NCA — the grower-owned, grower-controlled co- operative with up-to-date facilities for serv- ice as well as sales.

Natmut Crankrry As^matim

The Growers' Cooperative

Hanson, Massachusetts

Plymouth, Massachusetts

Onset, Massachusetts

BRANCHES AT:

No. Harwich, Massachusetts

Dennis, Massachusetts

Bordentown, New Jersey

North Chicago, Illinois

Long Beach, Washington

Markham, Washington

Coquille, Oregon

One

DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS

MASSACHUSETTS

Call WAREHAM 162

S. G. M. Packard & Go.

H ard ware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies

USE DYNAMITE

The modem way to re- move stumps, excavate rocks, DIG CORES FOR DIKES, and other blasting work in cranberry growing.

Speeds up work — reduces costs. CONSULT WITH US ON ANY WORK YOU ARE PLANNING. Trained by Hercules Powder Co.

ALTON J. SMITH

High St., Hanson, Mass.

Tel. Bryantville 209-R-3

IRRIGATION

for Cranberries

and All Other Purposes

SKINNER SYSTEM of IRRIGATION

Brookline, Mass.

Established 30 years

Extensive Experience in

ELECTRICAL WORK

At Screenhouaaa, Box* and Pumps Means Satisfaction

ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM. MASS. Tal. Ale

Serving

Western Cranberry

Growers

with

High Quality Products

Rotenone

Pyrethrum

Sabadilla

Nicotine

Copper Sprays

Oil Sprays

Lime Sulphur Solution

Miller Products Company

Porlland 1, Oregon

Attention Cranberry Growers ! !

We have

Drain Pipe

Large Sized Terra Cotta Makes a Permanent Installation

RALPH W. ELLIOT

Sandwich Rd., Wareham, Mass.

Tel. Wareham 794

Mail Address: Buzzards Bay, RFD

Plumbing and Heating Service

Morris April Bros.

Bridgeton - Tuckahoe

New Jersey

Apples

Cranberries

Peaches

GROWERS AND SHIPPERS

H. R. Bailey Co.

South Carver Massachusetts

WISCONSIN AIR COOLED MOTORS

6 and 8 H. P. in stock

An Ad

I m

CRANBERRIES \

I I

is your message !

i

placed before the in-

I dustry. j

Harvest

and

Shipping Boxes

Jesse A. Holmes & Son

Carver, Mass.

Tel. Carver 10-3

SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY

ADAMS & GOULD

Lumber Dealers

"Everything Under Cover"

East Wareham, Mass.

Tel. Warehatn 648

Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses

Paints - Hardware

Grossman's

On Cape Cod

"EVERYTHING TO BUILD WITH"

Opposite R. R. Station

Sagamore, Mass.

778 Tels. Sagamore 779

KROP-SAVER

brand

INSECTICIDES FUNGICIDES

For the Cranberry Grower

CROP-SAVER

CHEMICAL COMPANY, Inc.

3511 West Potomac Avenue

Chicago 51, Illinois

Cape & Vineyard Electric Company

Offices :

Chatham

Falmouth Hyannis

Vineyard Haven

ElUblithed 184S

Hall & Cole

Incorporated

Commission Merchants and Jobbers

94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS.

APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES

Car Lot Receivers

The

National Bank

of

Wareham

Wareham, Mass.

INSURANCI COnPORATION

Acushnet Saw Mills Co.

GOOD WOOD BOXES

Cranberry Growers

Order Harvest and

Shipping Boxes

New Bedford, Mass.

Est. 1865

Wood County National Bank

Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin

MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION

Cranberry Growers:

WE ARE IN POSITION TO SUPPLY YOU WITH YOUR 1947 CRANBERRY CON- TAINERS

also

Good Quality

Wheeling Plank

Quotations on Request

F. H. COLE

North Carver, Mass.

Est. 1707 WOODEN BOX MFGR.

Expecf Sizeable Delegation from

West Coast to NCA Annual Meeting

With Sales of $17,000,000, Payments of $30 to Grow- ers and Increased Mem- bership, Large Attendance June 24 is Predicted.

Plans for National Cranberry Association's 17th annual meeting, which promises to be one of the most momentous in the cooper- ative's history, are nearing- com- pletion. A record attendance is expected at the all-day meeting, scheduled for Hanson, Mass., June 24, including- some 10 or 15 mem- bers from the West Coast who have indicated that they will be present — the first time Washing- ton and Oregon growers have made the cross-country journey for the meeting.

Sales of NCA's Ocean Spray products reached the all-time high of $17,000,000 during the past fis- cal year, by far the largest volume

since Ocean Spray first went on the market. Returns to growers also reached a record high, payments of $30 having already been mailed to members, with a final payment to come.

NCA's officers are looking for- ward to the largest attendance ever at the meeting, partly because members are keeping closely in touch with the affairs of their co- operative and partly because the membership itself has grown con- siderably in the past year. The co-op lists some 230 growers as having joined NCA since June 1, 1946, bringing the total member- ship to 950.

The agenda will include reports on the year's activities, a forecast for ne.xt year, and a lobster salad luncheon at noon. NCA's two heli- copters, which will be used for dusting members' crops this sum- mer, will be on exhibit at the Han- son plant.

CONTROL...

Blunt-Nosed Leafhopper Gypsy Moth Caterpillar Blackheaded Fireworm

PYROCIDE DUST

• Quick-Kill

• Non-lrrifating

• Non-Poisonous

• Economical

NON-POISONOUS

PYROCIDE DUST

Beaton's Distributing Agency, Inc.

WAREHAM, MASS.

(Ace I'hoto)

Growers' Company- Has Jersey Man For Field Work

Pemberton, N. J. — It is an- nounced by Theodore H. Budd, Sr.. of Pemberton, president Growers' Cranberry Co., that Walter Z. Port has been chosen to represent the Company in its member contact work.

Fort, a native of the Pemberton area, makes his home at Wrights- town, a few miles north of Pem- berton. He attended Pemberton High school, studied botany and biology at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J, After finishing college Fort went into government service, served 44 months in the Navy after the outbreak of war, then returned to government ser- vice. While in the Navy he par- ticipated in the battle of Guam.

The hiring of Fort is part of the Growers Cranberry Company ex- pansion plan, which includes an extension of service to members as well as a drive for new members. It was voted to hire su:h a man at the Growers' Cranberi-y Com- pany annual meeting, held in Ap- ril at Pemberton.

Fort is president of the alumni association of Pemberton High school, is a member of the Rotary, and adjutant of the Eaton-Stanley Post of the American Legion of Pemberton.

V^ ^^0'»»^""""'"'>'«4ff,^^^<^

Issue of June, 1947

12. No. 2

Massachusetts.

* Tu rr.,,r-\^Y Print Shon Main St.. Wareham. Massachusetts. Subscription, 5.i.0U per year, fed'afs^ond-aas's ^U^/ja^n^uaTy^^ 1941,*^:? ■theTost-office at Wnreham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879

Entered as second

FRESH FROM THE FIELDS

By C J. H.

MASSACHUSETTS

Month Besaii Cold

The cold weather which had moved in from Canada at the close of April continued for the first ten days or so of May, conditions being abnormally cold, with rain and cloud. Weather cleared for the evening of May 8, bringing the first of four successive nights of frost warnings. Lowest temper- atures were reached on that night (morning of the 9th), there being 14° repoi-ted both in Plymouth and at Cataumet on the Cape. Night of the 9th was also low, but not as low as the previous. Nights of the 10th and 11th were not so bad, par- ticularly the final night with some cloud and winds.

Growers had ample warning, af- ternoons and evenings, and there was plenty of water for those who had flowage facilities. Frosts There followed a couple of warm days, temperatures being in the 80s, and then there was an abrupt turn the night of the 14th and morning of the 15th. Unofficial "Straw Hat Day" brought a frost with temperatures as low as 16°. with 18% and many reports of 20°. The two 16s were in Barnstable County at Santuit and Bay View (Hyannis). the 18° at the Make- peace bog at Pierceville, Wareham. There was tremendous variation in Barnstable County, especially on the outer Cape where the wina blew nearly a gale, but at other places there was calm and the mer- cury dropped like lead. The fol- lowing night brought another heavy frost with temperatures of 18' reported.

As the result of these two nights there was some frost injury, par-

ticularly on dry bogs. The first two weeks of May had brought freaky, unseasonal cold, some ex- treme highs, and about as much rain as normally recorded in the entire month.

Month Ends Cold

May ended with a warning and some frost on the morning of June 1. Temperatures of 29° were re- corded and a low of 25° at Car- lisle, in Middlesex County.

Estimate 1° Frost Damage

At end of May Dr. Franklin had tentatively set down the amount of frost damage as 1 per cent, al- though this might be modified. This damage occurred on bogs which could not be protected with water.

The month, he felt, had provided too much rain to help crop pros- pects and there had been too little sunshine.

With a March and April warmer than normal and a May a little bit cooler than normal he felt the keeping quality of the prospective crop as of that date would prob- ably be "fair."

Gypsies A considerable gypsy moth in- festation was developing, but in Dr. Franklin's estimation at the month end it was about an average infestation. This infestation was quite general, from the Capo to Halifax.

May as a whole was a month which did nothing to increase crop prospects, except that the frost loss was as moderate as it was.

Rainfall Excessive

Total fall for the month was re- corded at the State Bog as 5.22 inches, an amount considerably in excess of normal.

WISCONSIN

Frosts. But No Damage

Although there were several frosty nights during the latter part of April and the first of May there was probably no damage to cranberry fruit buds up to end of the month, it was believed. Tem- peratures as low as 6 above were reported at northern Haywood and 9 in Cranmoor. There were sev- eral nights in the lower twenties and two nights at 16 and 18. Even with the amount of flooding done for frost protection the growers have an adequate Supply, and it appears this supply will be suffic- ient for the entire frost season. 400 New Acres Several months ago C. D. Ham- mond, Jr., general manager Wis- consin Cranberry Sales Company, piedicted 500 acres of new marsh would be planted this spring, but now he does not expect this figure will be quite reached, although he does expect the new acreage will be around 400. Weather condi- tions were against the growers, also other factors entered in, such as the high price of vines and in some cases shortages of labor. Vines Brought High IVices The tremendous amount of vines mowed this year for sale to grow- ers nutting in new marshes might have some eff"ect on crop produc- tion for the state as a whole. Prob- ably this will bo noticeable. Grow- ers have been getting anywhere from $190 a ton net weight up to $350 per ton dry weight. Some growers have taken advantage of the good prices and are mowing their vines and then spraying to treat the weeds on the niow-ed aieas.

(Continued on Pase 29)

Five

Cranberry Breeding Investigation of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture

F. B. CHANDLER, R. B. WILCOX, H. F. BAIN. II. F. BERGMAN, and HAIG DERMEN

(Continued from May issue) The following is a brief sum- mary of the material presented in the first part of the article. The U. S. Department of Agriculture began the Cranberry Breeding Pro- gram in 1929. In all, 10,685 seed- lings have been grown and ob- served. The first selections were made in 1940 and later selections in 1945 and 1946. In all, 222 seed- lings have been selected for a sec- ond test.

Range of Desirable Qualities of Selections

The following paragraphs give some indication of the range of the desirable qualities of the seedlings remaining after eliminations. From the original 10,000 seedlings possi- bly not more than ten will be saved for introduction as new va- rieties, and it may be that the number will be even smaller. If it is impossible to obtain a few se- lections with all of the desired characteristics for all cranberry- growing areas, then difl^erent se- lections will be made for the differ- ent states. Particularly this may be necessary in respect to false- blossom resistance, as false blos- som is not known to spread on the Pacific Coast and is controlled more easily in Wisconsin and Mas- sachusetts than in New Jersey. Susceptibility to I.*afhopper Feeding The selections ranged in false- blossom susceptibility from a rat- ing of 8.7 to 15, which means that the least susceptible are apparent- ly as resistant as Shaw's Success f9.5 rating), and the most suscep- tible are better than Howes (17 rating). Of the general selection .uroup, about three-fourths (74.2<:'; ) v.ere not significantly more attrac- tive to the bluntnose leaf hopper than are Early Blacks and Mc- Karlin, and one-third were signifi- t-antly less attractive. See Table 2. Date of Harvest The date of harvest of many of the seedlings was late oi- very late. This was probably inherited from McFarlin, which was used, because of its field resistance to false blos- som, as one of the parents for about (W'r of the seedlings. Many seed- Six

lings of the crosses of various va- rieties with Early Black were not early, but the crosses involving the Early Black and Searles were nearly all harvested before the 20th of September. In selecting seedlings from the first test, many of the seedlings with very good charac- teristics were discarded because they were late, but in this first test it was impossible to reduce the number of selections harvested from October 11-20. See Table 3. Size of Fruit The cup count of berries is a very good measure of size of fruit on bogs or marshes that have been well vined in, but the cup count of berries from the seedlings was less than it will be after the vines be- come fully established on bogs. However, the selections that pro-

duce large berries as seedlings will always produce relatively large fruit. The available data have been summarized and are present- ed in Table 4, which shows that over 60';( of the selections had cup counts of 90 or less. See Table 4. Decay The percentage of rot in some of the seedlings may be very surpris- ing to many growers, but it must be remembered that the named va- rieties planted for comparison in many locations in the test bog had from 90-100'/; rot in 1945. There- fore, a selection could have a very high percentage of rot and still be low in relation to the named va- rieties. The sections of the bog that had little rot in 1943 were not always the same sections as those with little rot in 1945. In view of

TABLE 2

Number of selections classed by decrees of suscertibility to leafhopper feedinc. The susceptibility rating of the resistant Shaw's Success is 9.5. of Early Black and Mc- Farlin is 1.1.0, and of Howes is 17.0.

e for ibilit

V

Number

of Seedlings

Selected

from

I

Second Test Selected from *'40"

First Tests

Katin

SuBcepI

M

ass

N.J.

Wis. ■

General

•93

"Special*'

63 •

Canning'

26

Not creator

than

n.5

1)

n

0

2

.■-1

10.1

to

11.0

0

0

1

9

5

11.1

to

12.0

2

0

1

21

7

1

12.1

to

IS.O

■■',

1)

1

1!1

15

3

13.1

to

14.0

■1

2

1

25

22

I

1-4.1

to

15.0

2

1

0

7

5

2

16.1

to

16. n

2

1

1

U

0

0

No determi

nation

0

0

0

10

li

19«

* The interest in cRnnin^r berries had not been shown when the cafeteria tests were run, and these 19 s-?edl)nfrs did not have enough fresh-fruit duality to be included in the cjifeteria tests.

TABLE

3

N

Limber of

selections classed by

harvest dates.

rvest

Number t

f set

dlincs

Selected from

Dale or H»

Second Test

(I IMS harvest in N.J.)

13 Selected from 40

(1944 &

First Tests 1945 harvest in N. .1.1

Mass

. N.J. Wis. "General

" 93

"Special" 63 "Canning'

26

lief ore Sept.

10

1 ._

2

:: 1

Sept. 11-20

—

1 1

1

2 3

Sept. 21-30

—

—

31

13 2

Oct. 1-lfl

5

2 2

13

20 !i

(let. 11-20

.'■)

1

10

2S 7

Oct. 21-.-!l

.3

1

6

2 2

No record

.- ._

3

this, all of the seedlings having little rot in 1943 or 1945 were in- cluded, as well as those that had little rot in relation to their loca- tion. No table of rot is given be- cause of this variability and lack of sufficient years of observation. The percentage rot of the selec- tions in 1943 varied from 5 to 58, in 1945 from 9-90. The relative rot in 1945 ranged from .13 to 2.2. Yield Yield of young seedlings is not always a true index of their yield- ing ability, as some types of vines may give good yields over a period of years and yet be slow to come

into bearing. Conversely, some of those coming into bearing early may not be consistent bearers over a period of years. Many of the se- lections did not fruit in 1943, but the yield data for those that fruit- ed are given in Table 5. The relative yield, that is, the yield of a seedling in relation to the sur- rounding plants may be a better criterion, as it eliminates much of the effect of soil variability. The data for the average relative yields for 1944 and 1945 are presented in Table 6. From the relative yield, it is evident that a few of the seedlings may have a slight ten-

dency to biennial bearing; for ex- ample, one selection with a yield at the rate of 94 bbls. per acre (table 5) in 1943 had a relative yield of 1.04 in 1944, and 1.72 in 1945. However, the selection with the highest average yield bore fruit at the rate of 54 bbls. in 1943 and a relative yield of 2.8 in 1944 and 5.0 in 1945.

Shape

Each seedling produced fruit which was a different shape than the adjacent plant. Only berries which would screen well were se- lected; see Fig. 1.

TABLE 4

Size of fruit of cranberry selections as measured by cup count

Number of Seedlinfis Selected from

Cup Count per ^-^ pint

Less than 50

51-60

61-70

71-80

81-90

91-100

101-110

111-120

Over 120

Not counted

Second Test Selected from 4 0

First Tests

Oeneral OS

Special 6:?

CanninE 2fi

0

5

16

21

16

20

5

5

11 HI 12

in

TABLE 5

Calculated yieM of cranberry selections in 1948 in barrels per acre

Yield in Barrels Per Acre

Number of Seedlings Selected from First Test

General 9S

Special 68

Cannintr 26

14-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 Over 71 No record *

2

58

4.1

* Many •• This tive yield poor color,

TABLE 6

Kelatlve yield nf selections rVii-ld in relation to the surroundinK seedlinEsl

Relativt Yield

Average 19 4 4 and 1946

Number of Selections from First Tests

"General" 93

"Special" 63

Less than 1.0

t. 0-1.9

2.0-2.9

3.0 and over

1 T 68

7

of the Seedlings did not fruit in lit43.

seedlinK yielded at the rate Of 94 barrels per acre in 1943 and had a rela- of 1.04 in 19^,4 and 1.72 in 1946. It was not in the Keneral list, as it had , poor closs, a susceptibility ratinir of 13.4 and relative rot of 1.62 in 1946.

"Canning" 26

FIRST TEST GROUPS

Berry Shape

26 15 7

3 3 n

33

23

No Record

Figure 1. Number of Cranberry. Seedlings selected according to Berry Shape.

Seven

Second Tests

Besides the variability of plant characteristics, the soil variability in the nursery was so great that it would have been unwise to dis- card to the desired number of ten or less in the first test. Therefore, plans were made to have ninety- three in the second test and to grow these in two bogs in New Jersey, two in Massachusetts, and one in Wisconsin. In each bog in New Jersey and Massachusetts, three plots of each selection were set. In the future, therefore, there Avill be at least twelve plots of each seedling in the East for ob- sei-vation, which should make it possible to obtain detailed infor- mation on all of the factors dis- cussed above.

Second Test of "The 40 Selections" Some of "the 40 selections" un- der second test produced a few berries in 194.5, but all of them produced a erop in 1946. From the observation of the fruit on the vines, 13 were selected for further test in Massachusetts, 5 wei-e se- lected for further test in Wiscon- sin, and 4 were selected for further test in New Jersey. However, none of the selections were com- mon to all three groups. One of the 13 for the Massachusetts tests had to be harvested before full maturity, as the bog was to be flooded. Berries of the 5 selec- tions for Wisconsin tests were not available for the studies made. Some of the records on the selec- tions will be found in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 7, and some of the selections are shown in Fig. 2, 3, P. 14, 15. Processing studies of the selec- tions for strained sauce made at the National Cranberry Associ- ation South Hanson plant showed that one had excellent flavoi' and that the yields of sauce were be- tween those for Early Blacks and Howes. Cranbeiry Cocktail studies at South Hanson and East Ware- liani indicalel that some of the se- lections would be suitable for cock- tail use. Whole sauce from some of the selections made at East Warehani was excellent.

As is shown in Table 7, yields .'1 the 1."! selections in New Jersey were at tlie rate of 24 to 80 barrels |.er acre in 1946, and for the 5 se- lections in Wisconsin at the rate

EiRht

of 95 to 185 barrels per acre. The cup counts indicate that the selec- tions have average-to-large ber- ries, the selection with the small- est berries having a cup count of 98 in 1946, and that with the larg- est, 48. The readings for specific gravity (ratio of the weight of berries to the weight of an equal volume of water) show that as compared with standard varieties '/s of the selections are heavy, Va are average, and Vs are light. The weight of a cup of berries depends on both the specific grav- ity and the closeness of packing of the berries. The records indicate that a quarter-barrel box of four of the selections will probably weigh as much as or more than Howes. Five of the selections have excellent appearance, and all of the selections have kept well in cellophane bags.

"Cafeteria" Test of Vines for

Leafhopper Resistance The blunt-nosed leafhopper is the vector, or carrier, by which the false blossom virus disease is tiansmitted from plant to plant in the bog. It was found in 1930* that the preference of the vector for certain varieties of cranberries as food plants was directly cori'e- lated with the rate at which false blossom spreads on those varieties in the field. Insofar as has been discovered, "unattractiveness" to the leafhopper is the only type of resistance to false blossom pos- ; essed by any variety of cranberry. In order to determine the prob- able relative rate of spread of false blossom on seedlings, they were given selective feeding tests. Because the New Jersey growers especially value resistance to false blossom disease, the N. J. Agricul- tural Experiment Station encour- aged and financed the selective feeding tests of 1945 on 362 of the seedlings which were outstanding horticulturally.

Essentially, such a test consists in confining numerous leafhoppers in small cages where they have shoots of several cranberry selec- tions on which to feed at will. At least 2 named varieties are placed in each cage as standards, of which

• lil3". Wilr-ox. R. B. and C. S. Bec-k- with. A factor in the varietal resistance (if cranberries tu the false-blossom dis- ease. Jour. Asric. Res. 47 iSS.'i-.^tlO. fie.

the relative "attractiveness" is alj ready known. Daily counts art made of the numbers of insects oij each variety. According to thes^ numbers, the varieties are then rated on a "scale of susceptibility,'' on which the susceptible Howea has a rating of 17; the somewhat resistant Early Black and McFar- lin, 13; and the resistant Shaw's Success, 9.5. Because several va- rieties of the food plant are dis- played for selection by the hop- pers, this test is often referred ta as the "cafeteria test." It has been applied to more than 500 ofl the more promising seedlings m the Department's breeding pro- gram, and the resulting suscepti- bility ratings have been one cri- terion by which the seedlings have^ ; een eliminated or preserved for further testing. See Table 2.

There is some evidence to the effect that a high susceptibility rating indicates not merely that a variety "tickles the palate" of the insect, but that the leafhopper recognizes the variety as one par- ticularly well suited to its needs, on which it can grow vigorously and reproduce abundantly; and, conversely, that on a less attract- ive variety, with a low suscepti- bility rating, it cannot develop normally or perhaps survive from one season to the next. This point has not been proved experiment- ally.

Tetraploid Cranberries Tetraploid forms of several cranberry varieties were obtained in a series of experiments started in 1940 at the Plant Industry Sta- tion, Beltsville, Maryland. Details of the experiments have been pub- lished in technical journals (1), (2); the present account summar- izes the project as an integral part of the cranberry breeding pro- gram.

The use of artificially-induced tetiaploidy as a tool in plant breed- ing has been largely a develop- ment of the past decade. The principle is founded on the discov- ery that certain chemical or phy- .'ical treatments applied to grow- ing plants have the efl'ect of inter-

(II. — Dermen. HaiK and Henrv F. liain. Hill. Teriolinal and total poly- ploidy in cranberries induced by colchi- cine. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38:4nn

(21. — Ditto, 1944. A general cyto- histoloKical study of colchicine poly- ploidy in cranberry. Amer. Journ. Hot. •■11:4.51-463.

fering- with normal cell division in such a way that when growth is resumed, the cells have double their former number of chromo- somes. When the cells trans- formed to the tetraploid condition are located in the growing tip of a plant or any of its branches, all structures that develop from the affected cells beyond the region of change have the new chromosome number. Coincident with the doub- ling of chromosome numbers there is often a doubling in intensity of the original characteristics of the plant, most conspicuously ex- pressed as increase in size or thickness of stems, leaves, flowers nnd fruits.

The cranberry tetraploids were developed by treating the plants v.'ith colchicine. It was found that a higher percentage of tetraploid effects was obtained when the treatments were applied to lateral buds on runners rather than to the tips. The most successful course of treatment among many tried was as follows: 1st day the termin- al 4 or 5 inches of rapidly growing runners were cut off and discard- ed; 3rd day — 3 to 5 lateral buds next to the cut ends were wetted

3 times (9.00 a. m., noon, 4 p. m.) with drops of a 1', aqueous solu- tion of colchicine to which Santo- merse was added as a spreader; .5th day — buds were again treated as on 3rd day. When runnel's are cut back as described, the single lateral bud nearest the cut end normally carries forward the growth of the runner, becoming- active within a very short time; but when treated with colchicine, the effects were sometimes so se- vere that the end bud was sup- pressed and one or two of those farther back on the runner began to grow; this was the reason sev- eral were treated.

Branches growing from treated buds were watched for the appear- ance of tetraploid effects. Entire runners were seldom changed to the tetraploid condition; more of- ten a strip or sector extending rlong one side of the stem exhib- ited tetraploidy. When this oc- curred, a fully tetraploid branch could be obtained by forcing one of the buds on the sector into growth. The tetraploid branches were then separated from the mother plant and propagated on their own roots.

Because of the manner in which plant growth develops, it is possi- ble to tetraploidize certain tissues of the plant independently of oth- ers; an outer layer (the epidermis, usually one cell in thickness) or one or more internal layers that give rise to the internal parts that make up most of the volume of the plant. Cranberry plants having three degrees of tetraploidized and normal tissues were obtained: (1) epidermis tetraploid, all internal layers normal (designated epi- dermal tetraploids); (2) epidermis unchanged, internal layers tetra- ploid (internal tetraploids); (3) all tissues tetraploid (total tetra- ploids or merely tetraploids). The significance of the different types will become apparent presently. The cranberry material eventually included total tetraploid forms of Centennial, Early Black, McFar- lin, and Seai-les varieties; internal- tetraploid forms of Early Black, Howes, McFarlin, Searles and Vose's Pride; and epidermal-tetra- ploid forms of all the above va- rieties. The plants were grown in the greenhouse at Beltsville until material was available for field

TABLE 7

Second test records of 18 cranberry selections from the "40 Selections" crown in New

Jersey i

n 1946

Select-

Vine

Yield

Cup

Seed

Specif-

Berry

Number of

Estimated

ed for

Cove r-

Bbls.

Count

Count

ic GroT-

Shape.

Growers

Picking

•.'?SE.,

age

per A.

from

from

ity from

Letters

Selecting

Date in

Cross

iVis.,

i9/;6

in

1946

N.J.

N.J.

below

on Appear-

N.J.

or 11. J.

l=poor

19i6

Crop

Crop

Crop*

refer to

ance of Berries in

1946

N.J.

rris.

N.J.

Vis.

5=!;ood

Fig. 2

Cell.. Bi^es..

F-rly Black x Howes

•i

5,

A5

98

10.9

0.704

A

N-^

Oct. 8

n „ X "

:J N.J.

h1

32

92

19.0

.692

B

43

Sept. 10

" "X f.lcFarlin

M

5

53

80

14.8

.701

C

36

Oct. 10

l> I' X "

M

5

80

79

16.3

.694

D

4

1

" " X 3eirl€-3

K

H

32

130

85

e5

Sept. 14

K " X "

1

A

35

79

18.2

.672

21

Oct. 1

II " X "

M N.J.

5

^5

93

14.2

.694

F

21

5

Howes X Searles

li

5

A8

70

15.9

.711

G

N

21

McFarlin x Bennett

:.i T.

5

50

175 ■

50

" 31

" X Early Black

M

5

58

89

14.5

.708

H

24

" 14

IT X " "

N.J.

H

69

Sept. 14

« y " "

Vi

i

50

(3)

(4)

Oct. 18

If X " "

M

5

56

73

14.8

.675

I

0

18

" X potter

W N.J.

5

27

185

65

5

n X Searles

A

i.

47

58

13.7

.707

J

2

15

Prolific X McFarlin

!.l

1

24

48

19.7

.657

K

24

15

It X "

1.1

3

30

58

18.7

.703

L

12

" 15

B X "

V.

2

6

95

40

1

•Snecilic eravitv of Early I

Jlack is C

.6fi9 an

d of 1

iowes

O.fiil'

(prrn

wn in

Wass. in 19

46) : ther

eforc. all but o

ne is hfavier thai

(4)

H under Coverairo 194fi" indicatis selections harvested before coveraKe estimate was made. N in the next to last lolnmn indicates that these berries were not shown to all of the crowors. In Wisconsin, this selection was mowed for priipacation in the sprinsr "f lOlfi. Cup crmnt in Wisconsin. 1945, was 57 Fruit from this selection was

rtiiri-d on the

[»f Ihf May issue.

tests ill • New Jersey, Wisconsin, and Massachusetts.

When grown in flats in the g)-eenhouse, all three tetraploid types proved vigorous. The epi- dermal tetraploids were scarcely distinguishable from normal plants in general appearance, while in- ternal and total tetraploid forms had larger, thicker, and darker green leaves, larger stems, and taller uprights. Flower differences followed the same rule, the epi- dermals varying little from normal in size and appearance, and the other two forms having larger and broader flowers. All three types proved to be fertile. Berries en the epidermals appeared to be similar to those on normal plants, while those on the other two types were considerably larger, had thicker flesh, and were decidedly heavier. Preliminary observations indicate that the epidermals ap- parently had no useful character- istics difl^erent from normal plants. The internal tetraploids as young plants usually had better color and appearance than the total tetra- ploids, partly because of superior surface finish and partly because the total tetraploids had a ten- dency toward coarseness and over- growth within the cal.vx lobes at the blossom end of the berry. As grown in the greenhouse, both the internal tetraploid and total tetra- ploid types appeared to offer dis- tinct promise.

The plants have been growing in the field too short a time to judge their field behavior. As young- plants in Wisconsin they appear to be less hardy than normal cran- berries, and vine in more slowly. There is a tendency to produce up- rights rather than vines, and it is noticeable that the uprights set fiuit buds in greater than normal proportions. The relatively small numbers of flowers that have bloomed so far have been left to liollinate by chance, and have not set well; the berries have had few seeds and have been disappointing- ly small. This fruiting behavior may well have been due to insuffic- ient pollination, a relation that should improve as the number of tetraploid flowers increases.

The first tetraploids planted in New Jersey behaved similarly to those set in Wisconsin. However, Ten

the tetraploids that were well es- tablished in the greenhouse at Beltsville and were set later in New Jersey had heavy crops of berries in 1946 which were very well colored and were much larger than the normal berries.

As soon as material became available, hybridization was at- tempted between the tetraploids and the mossberry (Vaccinias oxy- eoccos L., a cranberry relative hav- ing the same chromosome number as the tetraploids). The two spec- ies were found to hybridize read- ily and 240 hybrid seedlings are now growing in the Wisconsin nursery, but have not reached the fruiting stage.

Crosses are also being made be- tween varieties at the tetraploid level. The tetraploid seeds are usually viable and the seedlings are vegetatively vigorous; it re- mains to be seen if they are fer- tile. Part of the tetraploid seed was sent to Wisconsin for planting and part planted at Beltsville.

In 1944, all available tetraploid material from Beltsville was sent to the Wisconsin nursery. This consisted of the varietal tetra- ploids described above, and the first seedlings, 200 in number, v.'ere grown from seeds from tetra- ploid cranberries.

Distribution to Growers

Tentative plans for the distribu- tion of final selections to growers are being made in New Jersey, iVIassachusetts, and Wisconsin. In New Jersey and Massachusetts it is proposed that the growers' associations handle the distribu- tion of selections for introduction cind the allotments to individual growers. This appears to be a good method of insuring a fair distribution of vines, and at the same time it relieves both the growers who have conducted the second test and the research group of handling the matter.

It is hoped that some vines will be available for growers by 1950 and every year after that. The ciuantity of vines for each grower will be small, but will be enough to permit him to test the selec- tions in his own bog. Summary

This article has been written to inform the cranberry growers of the Cranberry Breeding Program

of the U. .S. Department of Agri- culture in cooperation with the New Jersey and Massachusetts State Experiment Stations and the Wisconsin Department of Agricul- ture. An attempt has been made to show what a large undertaking it has been and will continue to be. Such a large project could not have been accomplished without cooperation such as was given by the growers mentioned in the first part of this paper and the United Cape Cod Co., which was omitted in the acknowledgement.

Though many very good seed- lings were discarded when the first lest was completed, the remaining selections (about two per cent of the seedlings set) will have still more desirable characters. Some are outstanding in yield, some have a low rot rating, and some have excellent color and g-loss. The cup counts and har- vest dates cover the range desired by most growers. The false blos- som resistance rating of the ma- jority is as good as or better than that of Early Black and McFarlin, and the best are not excelled in resistance by any varieties The type of vine growth varies, but an attempt has been made to elim- inate all undesirable vines.

Each year additional informa- tion will be obtained on the selec- tions in the different locations, and on the basis of this information the best are to be introduced for culti- vation. It is the hope of the authors that these new varieties will be enough better than present varieties to repay many fold the cost in time and money that is necessary for their development.

HOW CRANBERRIES PLACED IN A SALES SUMMARY

"Food Marketing in New Eng- land", monthly publication of First National Stores, in a summary of fruit and vegetable dollar value sales for the past year places cran- berries 45th on the list, with the percentage of 0.11 of total. Blue- berries were 32 with a percentage of 0.51. Bananas were in No. 1 position in dollar value, oranges second, potatoes third (but first in bulk); apples fifth.

LAST CALL for that new Duster or Sprayer.

And, ALMOST LAST Call for screenhouse equipment or that pump you will need for Fall frost.

HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO.

E. C. St. Jacques

WAREHAM, MASS.

Control of Poison Ivy on Cape Cod Cranberry Bogs

Bv CHESTER E. CROSS*

Poison ivy is, perhaps, tlie best known and most objectionable weed with which cranberry growers in Massachusetts have to contend. Many people are very easily poisoned by contact with this weed, and those who seem to be immune to its poisons can never be sure when their immunity will cease. There are now any number of cases on record where people have for years pulled this weed with no untoward consequences. Then suddenly contact with the ivy vines and leaves produces severe blisters and swellings of the skin, accompanied by the all too familiar, crazing- itch. Even for those who have been immune to poisoning since birth, it is best to be wary.

The fact that poison ivy often produces serious skin inflammation is not its only obnoxious quality. Ivy climbs and twines about trees and in time chokes, starves, and distorts them. I have seen an ivy stem twined in a regular spiral around the trunk of an elm tree and completely embedded in the tissues of the tree which had tried unsuccessfully to expand within the tight cord of the ivy vine. Many cranberry gi'owers have seen areas of their bogs completely tak- en over by an aggressive stand of poison ivy. Its roots do not run deep, but its vine-like stems can grow over ten feet a year, while their numerous upright branches over-top the cranberry vines and shade them out of existence. Sand- ing on the ivy plants only stimu- lates their growth and spread.

The time-honored method for destroying weeds is that of pulling them out. With most weeds such a technique is simply onerous and time-taking, but in pulling poison ivy, many people become seriously poisoned despite gloves, long- sleeves and sundry other precau- tions*; and it often seems to those who pull ivy that, since it grows again from roots and underground

• Dr. Chester E. Cross holds an assoc- iate professorship at the Massachusetts Experiment Station, East Wareham. Massachusetts, where he has specialized in research in weed control.

* Those who are susceptible to ivy poisoning can pull this weed with com- parative safety only when they are well protected. Long-sleeved shirts, ample gloves, and a wrapping of paper at the wrists is safest. Similar protection is necessary for legs and ankles. Care should be used in touching the outer sur- face of gloves used in pulling ivy. If an immune individual has been pulling ivy with bare hands, he must be careful not to touch the skin of another person, even after his hands have been thoroughly washed. Once the poisoning has been contracted, the writer has found greatest relief from liberal applications of the commercial preparation marketed as "IVY DRY". It has been asserted that a coating of yellow laundry soap to the arms and hands prior to pulling ivy will prevent poisonous action. The writer is skeptical of this precaution, at least with respect to susceptible persons.

stems left in the soil, their efforts have been wasted.

This condition need not be the case. Particularly if a man dares to handle ivy plants with his bare hands, it is possible for him to follow the long trailing stems with his fingers, pulling only slightly and gradually lifting the stems and shallow roots out of the soil. After freeing the roots for a considerable distance, it is usually advisable to break the runner off. If the ivy is growing among cranberry vines, this work of lifting out the long ivy runners can often be done with- out unduly disturbing the cran- berries. Then if the shoot is brok- en off and gently pulled through, the cranberry vines will not be up- rooted. This method is tedious and expensive, but it is reasonably thorough if it is executfrl cavtfui- ly. If the ivy puller realizes that his first long effort will not erad- icate the stand of ivy, but simplv stop the ivy's spread and restrict its stand to the few roots left in the soil, he will not be discouraged when a month later he finds more ivy shoots appearing in the plot. He should then pull it again with the same care as at first, and he will have his ivy problem beaten. The following year in June or July he should search the area carefully again and pull out any ivy that has reappeared.

(Continued on Page 18)

Elever

(^ditMals

ISSUE OF JUNE, 1947 Vol. 12 No. 2

INCREASING PRODUCTION PER ACRE

THE statement in the preliminary report !i of the 1947 Cranberry Survey by C. D. . Stevens, chief agricultural Statistician, New ,. England Crop Reporting Service, and Fred- erick E. Cole, Massachusetts Commissioner of Agriculture, that even more significant ' than the increase in acreage is the notable improvement in flowage facilities seems be- yond dispute. Bogs with full flowage pro- tection increased 1,951 acres or 30 per cent since the last previous survey in 1934.

In spite of slackened economic condi- tions of the late 30s, in spite of the war, cranberry growers have forged steadily ahead in improving old bogs, as well as putting in new. A good, small bog is not better than a good, big bog, but good small- er acreage in the long run will be found to be more profitable than larger acreage in poorer condition. That has been proven in New Jersey where growers found to their cost that big acreage not soundly put in (by the bog owners of years ago) was not as profitable as smaller, better built property with adequate water facilities — a condition from which Jersey is now endeavoring to recover.

Production possibilities of Massachu- setts and of other areas as well, can be in- creased to the advantage of the individual growers and of the industry.

And that cranberry production, as well as production per acre, is going up is un- doubtedly a good thing. Bumper food crops seem to be almost getting to be a hab- it with agriculturists of the United States. 1947 reports indicate this country will have bumper production in general for the elev- enth consecutive year of good crops. If producers of food stuffs in this country are consistently to produce more successfully each year, it is well the cranberry growers are in line. The prospects are that the United States will eat well this year, even though the picture is a sad one in many parts of the world.

With the markets of the country well stocked with foods of nearly every descrip- tion, cranberries fresh and processed should be there also in adequate quantities. In- creasing production, and especially in- creasing production per acre, indicate they will be and can be at fair competitive prices with other fruits.

Twelve

CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSIfTTS

Subscription $3.00 per year Advertising rates upon application

Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS

Wisconsin

VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin

Washington-Oregon

J. D. CROWLEY

Cranberry Specialist

Long Beach, Wash.

ETHEL M. KRANICK

Bandon, Oregon

Massachusetts

DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN

Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Statiori

East Wareham, Mass.

BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass.

New Jersey

CHARLES A. DOEHLERT,

New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station,

Pemberton, New Jersey

THIS month, in addition to concluding the major article on the Cranberry breeding investigation, which is the first comprehensive summation of this import- ant pro.ject, we believe the article by Dr. Chester Cross on "Poison Ivy Control", and the outline of Dr. Colby's lectures on "Cranberry Soils" are particularly worthy of note. We understand very little scien- t'fic attention has been given to poison ivy. this common pest that it is. More articles by the scientists of the industry are planned for the fu/ure, and we feel cranberry grow- ers are fortunate in having this material prepaid for their study.

Pictorial Section

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Fourteen

Figure 3. Picture of berries to give some idea of their appearance in a group. The optimum date of picking is in Table 7. (Cranberries Photo)

Associate Assigned to Tomlinson in Barnstable County

An associate county agricultural agent has been named to work with Bertram Tomlinson in Barnstable County, Cape Cod proper. He is Oscar S. Johnson, a native of the Cape. This appointment should provide opportunity for Mr. Tom- linson to provide even more time to cranberry work than he has in the past, although he has always given extremely valuable and in- tensive attention to cranberry cul- ture in his county.

Mr. Johnson is a resident of Cen- terville and completed several

years in 4-H work before entering Barnstable High school. After graduating from there, he attended Rhode Island State College, where he specialized in horticulture, grad- uating in 1941 with a B. S. degree. For nearly a year after leaving college, he worked with his father in landscape gardening and left this work to enter military service. He now holds the rank of captain in the Reserve Corps.

At present, Mr. Johnson is hand- ling- all requests for assistance on home gardens and home grounds improvement. He will be available for office conferences, telephone calls, visits to home owners on re- quest, and also for speaking en- gagements on these two subjects.

Fifteen

FIRST MASS. ROOT GRUB MEETING

Opening gun of the 1947 Massa- chusetts Root Grub campaign was fired early, this being a field meet- ing at the State Bog, East Ware- ham, April 11, called by County Agent "Dick" Beattie. Root Grub is now Bay State insect pest "No. 1", and Dr. Franklin told the grow- ers assembled that if it was not for Root Grub, Massachusetts might hai-vest an annual 150,001 barrels more.

The entiie State Bog was bein v cyanid,ed that week, and at 2 p. .n. Dr. Franklin, Dr. Chandler, "Joe"' Kelley and Beattie held a discus- sion of the life history of the three types of Root Grubs involved; la li- tem slides were shown, and, spe-i- mens had been gathered for iden- tification. The three Grubs are Root Grub, White Grub and Grape .Anomata.

The growers watched the cyan- iding in progress and then wit- nessed a demonstration of proper aiiplication of PDB flakes, followed

by the application of an inch of | sand, this being done by George j Rounsville and crew. Demonstra- ; tions were similar to two held, last ; season, but it was felt repetition 1 was desirable, particularly because i of many younger and new growei's, j and this group was noticeable in I the meeting attendance. Grub is ' present on some Barnstable Coun- , ty bogs, but not nearly so serious j east of the canal, although Barn- stable County Agent Tomlinson and some Cape growers wei'e pres- , ent. j

Latest addition to the E. D. Atwood collection at South Carver, Ma.ss., of out-dated rail equipment is No. 34, origin.-il mail car used by the now defunct New Bed- JSixttven

ford & Onset Street Railway A real museum piece, this car, huilt about 1905, shown in transpoi t to Edaville, by the Gaiilt Transportation Company. ( Cranbirric.-^ I'holu)

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Seventeen '

Ivy Control

(Continued from Page 11)

The above technique for dispos- ing of ivy is actually more practi- cable than the expense seems to in- dicate. Before a grower dismisses this idea, he would do well to con- sider what the ivy is costing him in terms of reduced crop and in- creased picking costs. Also, he would do well to think twice be- fore rebuilding an infested area at a time when labor costs are high. Rebuilding now will throw that area out of production while ber- ries are selling at a high price, and possibly keep it out of production until berries are selling for much less. If he considers the matter carefully, and if he still has a fair number of cranberry vines inter- mingled with the ivy, I think this hand-weeding method will not ap-

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pear so impractical. Of course, the chief difficulty is to find people who will handle the ivy and be will- ing to do the thorough and careful work outlined above.

If the stand of ivy is too dense and extensive, or if the cranberry

grower cannot find careful weed- ers for the job, he is forced to hope for chemical control measures. We have, to date, found only one treat- ment for ivy on cranberry bogs which kills the Ivy without injur- ' ing the cranberry vines. This

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Eighteen

treatment consists of scattering 7*'2 lbs. of para-dichlorobenzene (PDB) evenly over the infested area and covering it immediately with an inch of sand. If the vines arc thin, only four or five wheel- ban-cw loads of sand will be need- ed per square rod, but if the vines rre thi k and dense it may require as many a.i eight or nine wheel- barrow loads to cover the PDB ade- 'raatcly. In judging how much should be used, it is better to put on too much than too little. If the .-sand i> scattered skillfully, it is sur;iiising how much can be spread without actually burying an ap- preciable number of cranberry up- rights.

The PDB method for killing poi- son ivy is mcst effective in June and July. If the bog is not to be flooded for frost, the treatment can be used well during the last half of May. Nothing is as yet known of the value of PDB under sand in the fall.

The PDB treatment will often kill nearly 100 *;< of the ivy plants. It is least effective near the bog

ditches where apparently the heavy vapors escape laterally from under the sand. This treatment is ex- pensive, but during these days of high valuations both on property and fruit, it is also a heavy ex- pense to the grower to have areas out of production; and it should not be forgotten that the presence of ivy in cranberry vines cuts down the crop in the area, the ef- ficiency of picking that crop, and reduces the value of the bog. Then, too, the grower is liable for his pickers. If they are poisoned they may be unable to work, and they may even bring suit for damages. Where poison ivy has actually choked out a large proportion of the cranberry vines, or where it has established itself on shores or uplands surrounding the bog, it is not necessary to go to the expense of pulling the ivy or treating it with PDB. Here the ivy should be killed with some chemical which will not poison the soil for too long. Probably the best choice is ammonium sulphamate, better known in the trade as "ammate".

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Sevei-al interesting- things hap- pen when magnesium is cast into molds. First, air must be excluded lest the metal catches fire. This is accomplished by covering the molten metal with a flux composed of sulphur, borax and chlorine. This, of course, imparts an "ether- eal" odor around the operation. Another peculiarity of the casting process is that the two sepai'ate streams of the molten metal will not fuse when they meet so that all castings must be poured through one gate. The metal rolls in the mold rather than flows.

It melts at 1204 degrees as against 2768 degrees for iron. Magnesium is "mined" in the oc- ean, sea water is made slightly alkaline, and the resultant mag- nesium hydroxide is filtered out.

Many new and novel ideas are centered around the Western Pick- er: The machine itself is novel be- cause of its speed, picking over an acre a day; the use of magnesium reduces its weight; the use of Neo- prene grips the vines with a firm but elastic hold; the use of stain- less steel in the pruning knives and sickles ends dulling due to rust.

The most novel idea of the West- ern Picker is in the economics of cranberry growing — when harvest- ing the crop ceases to be one of the major worries of the cranberry grower.

After August 15th two of these pickers will be demonstrated in each cranberry state with twenty pickers operating in Massachu- setts. They are all sponsored by the National Cranberry Associ- ation and will be under the per- sonal observation of "Rudy" Hill- strom, President of Western Pick- ers, Inc., and "Joe" Stankavich, one of the three brothers who in- vented the machine. (Advt.)

Nineteen

This chemical is best sprayed in June or July, 75 lbs. in 100 gals, of water at 200 to 250 gals, per acre, depending upon the density cf the stand of ivy. This first spray will kill a great deal of the ivy, but in five or six v/eeks some spindly and weak growth will prob- ably be observed near the ground.

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If this regrowth ivy is again sprayed with the above solution some t'me in August, the grower can be reasonably sure that his ivy is dead. The area can now be cleared for rebuilding, but because cf the toxic qualities of ammate left in the soil, must not be plant- ed until the following spring af- ter winter rains and flood have leached the poisons from the soil.

Ammate is as corrosive to spray- ing equ'pment as salt or copper sulphate, so that after each spray- ing, the equipment must be care- fully cleaned. The best method for cleaning is repeated rinsing with water. Ammate is not poi- sonous to human beings or ani- mals. It resists flame and so act- ually reduces the fire hazard on or about the bog. It can be used on the shores and uplands in place of mowing, but if it is applied repeat- edly, the turf is quickly destroyed and the shore bank rapidly washes into the ditch.

Prior to the discovery of the killing power of ammate on poison ivy, sodium chlorate was the best known killer. Even very weak so- lutions of sodium chlorate (1% lbs. in 100 gals, of water) when sprayed on ivy will completely de- foliate it (and the cranberry vines as well). But new ivy leaves are quickly formed, even when the so- lutions are much stronger. Re-

peated applications do not seem to kill the ivy plants, at least soon enough to be of value to cranbeiTy growers. However, if 7% lbs. of dry sodium chlorate is scattei'ed evenly on a square rod infested with ivy, it will kill all plants in- eluded in the area, ivy as well as cranberry vines. This chemical will poison the soil for a longer period than the ammate, but we believe that one winter flood after the dry application of chlorate is sufficient to leach the soil for spring planting. Sodium chlorate is very inflammable and must be handled with great caution.

Many chemicals that are poison- ous to other plants do not kill poi- son ivy. Iron sulphate (ferrous sulphate) scattered dry at four tons per acre will not injure ivy plants. Ferric sulphate (Ferrisul) at one and a half tons per acre will cause it no injury. Common salt (sodium chloride) at four tons per aci'e will not give a satisfactory kill, though this treatment will kill all cranberry vines and many other weeds. Solutions of ammon- ium thiocyanide are far more toxic to cranberry vines than they are to poison ivy. Borax acts quickly on poison ivy, but, while the ivy recovers and produces a new set of leaves, cranberry vines slowly but surely die. Poison ivy readily sur- vives applications of kerosene in

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Twenty

excess of 1000 gals, per acre. So- lutions of 2,4D strong enough to kill poison ivy also kill tranberry vines.

Various solutions can be used to burn the foliage of poison ivy. sodium arsenate IV2 lbs. in 100 gals, of water @ 200 gals, per acre, sodium arsenite at 1 lb. in 100 gals, of water @ 200 gals, per acre, and common salt (sodium chloride) at 100 lbs. in 100 gals, of water @ 200 gals, per acre, but only the last named can be used throughout the growing season without injuring cranberry vines. This defoliation of ivy plants is of questionable value because a new- set of leaves is formed so quickly. To cause permanent injury to the poison ivy plants, they would have to be defoliated four times a sea- son, and even then the stand would not be dead.

ti> get these valuable notes from Dr. Colby "into the record" for cranberry griwers. )

Cranb

erry

Soih

(Kditor's Note; The following is the outline of the talks upon soil at the Massachusetts "Cranberry Schools", by Dr. William G. Colby, aKronomist. Mas- sachusetts State College. It is printed

I. Role of Soil in Crop Production

A. As mechanical support for crop plants.

B. As a reservoir for certain plant nutrient elements. The sub- stances used by living plants may be called plant nutrients or plant nutrient elements. The nutrient elements generally recognized as essential to normal plant growth for most plants are as follows: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, phos- phorus, calcium, potassium, mag- nesium, sulfur, iron, nitrogen, cop- per, manganese, boron, zinc, and perhaps two or three more so- called "minor elements." In soil culture all of these nutrient ele- ments, with the exception of car- bon, oxygen and hydrogen, are supplied to the plant through the medium of the soil.

II. Soil Development — Upland vs.

Bog Soils

Well drained upland soils in New England have developed un- der a heavy forest cover. Rainfall .has been moderately heavy and

soils which develop under these conditions legardless of the parent materials from which they were derived acquire certain similar chemical properties. Organic mat- ter accumulates as a layer on the ground surface as a result of the annual fall of leaves and accumula- tion of the remains of dead parts of trees and other forms of vege- tation. This layer of organic mat- ter or "raw" humus, often reached a depth of a foot or more. The layer did not build up indefinitely because rapid processes of break- down or decomposition were going on in these well aerated soils at the same time fresh material was be- ing added to the surface. A point was reached at which the rate of accumulation was evenly balanced by the rate of decomposition or de- struction. When this point was reached the depth of the organic matter layer became constant.

Decomposing organic matter re- leased plant nutrient elements which were then taken up by the roots of living plants to again be built up with plant tissue. Thus a continuous cycle was set up

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Twenty-one

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Some products of organic mat- ter decomposition when carried down through the mineral horizons of the soil by rain water exerted a stiong- leaching action on soi! minerals. Much of the calcium, magnesium, potassium, as well as other elements were brought into .solution and if they were not taken up by deep rooted plants were lost from the soil in the drainage wat- er. Note, therefore, that the ac- cumulated layer of organic matter and not the mineral soil represent- ed the accumulated reserve or store of fertility. When the forests were cut down and the land was brought under cultivation, the soils re-

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mained fertile and productive just so long as the reserve of organic matter lasted. When that was gone, supplementary application of manures of one kind or another became necessary.

Bog land soils, the soils which support the growth of cranberries either developed under water or under conditions of very poor drainage. The type of vegetation was different from that of upland soils and the conditions under which these plants grew were dif- ferent. A similar process of or- ganic matter accumulation took place and also organic matter de- composition, but because of the ab- sence of air or quantities of free oxygen the accumulative processes greatly over-balanced the destnac- tive processes. The result was that great quantities of organic matter in form of peat and muck accumulated in the ponds and low- lands. Giadually the ponds disap- peared, leaving behind these vast deposits of "stored up" fertility. It is these deposits which consti- tute the "soils" which supplied most of the fertility to the cran- berry grower.

in. The mechanism of base ex- change or how plants feed.

The fine colloidal clay particles of a mineral soil and the fine col- loidal particles of humus of an oi'ganic soil are negatively charged. The negatively charged particles have an affinity for positively charged elements such as hydro- gen, calcium, magnesium, potas- sium and other elements. A single particle of clay or humus may have several of these different elements "attached" to its surface at the same time. When a plant loot hair comes in contact with a clay or humus particle an "ex- change" can take place whereby a positive hydrogen (produced by living processes within the root) from the root hair can be traded for a positive calcium or magnes- ium or potassium on the clay or humus particle. In this way the reserve of these elements on the soil colloids is gradually reduced and the reserve of "replaceable" hydrogen is increased. When the supply of calcium, magnesium or potassium in the soil is replen- ished, hydrogen on the clay and

Twenty-two

humus particles can again be re- placed and the reserve of "replace- able" hydrogen reduced.

The base exchange mechanism not only explains how certain ele- ments are taken up by the plant but also explains why many of these same elements in the soil are not easily leached or washed away. It explains why the fertility of cranberry bog soils is not rapidly lost as a result of frequent flood- ing.

IV. Base Exchange Capacity or why cranberry plants grow on "acid" humus.

The base exchange capacity or the total quantity of positively charged elements which can be ab- sorbed, depends upon the total quantity of colloidal clay or or- ganic matter present in a given quantity of soil. Soils with high content of colloidal material can "store" much larger quantities than soils with low colloidal con- tent. Since cranberry "soils" are mostly organic matter, their "stor- age" or exchange capacity is very large.

The total exchange capacity for cranberry mucks and peats is ten to thirty times greater than for many productive upland soils. Be- cause of this very large "storage"

capacity, it is possible to have a large amount of "exchangeable" hydrogen present which makes the ".soil" acid and also to have a large quantity of calcium, mag-

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Twenty-three

iicsium, ])otassium, ami other posi- tively charged elements present which the cranberry plant can uti- lize. A cranberry soil with a pH of 4.0 may actually have much more available calcium than an up- land soil with a pH of 7.0. I. The Nitrogen Cycle and the Cranberry Plant In upland soils the natural source of nitrogen is from the de- composition of organic matter. Complex proteins are broken down to give simpler amino acids. These acids in turn yield ammonia and ammonia in turn is changed to ni- trite nitrogen and finally to ni- trate nitrogen. In a productive upland soil the most important form of nitrogen is the nitrate form.

In the cranberry "soil", because of the lack of aeration or free oxy- gen, it is difficult to explain how much nitrate nitrogen would ever be formed. New Jersey experi- ments indicate that the cranberry plant can use nitrogen in the amino acid form and also in the ammonium form. Hence it would appear that the complete nitrogen cycle is not essential to the normal

functioning of the cranberry plant. VI. J'os.sible functions of Sand in

Bog Construction

A. Sand layer lowers level of fertility. Past experience has shown that growing cranberry vines in muck directly results in heavy vine growth with sparse set- ting of fruit. Weeds are more troublesome.

B. Sand layer aids in temper- ature relationships.

C. Sand promotes rapid drain- age and aids aeration.

Late News

COPTERS ARE HERE Dusting-spraying helicopters have arrived in Massachusetts. "Ocean-Sprayer, No. 1", holding U. S. agricultural dusting license No. 1, began work on some bogs the first of June and was welcomed at a press demonstration at the lOO-acre Pembroke bog of United Cape Cod Cranberry Company June 5. A considerable crowd gathered to see this "flying wild- mill", purchased by National Cran- berry Service Corporation, a sub-

sidiary of National Cranberry .\s- •sociation. which inaugurated this type of air service.

Oilot Rowland C. Roelofs, under the direction of chief pilot and president Fred W. Soule, brought the Bell 'copter to the bog side in vertical landings and take-offs; he dusted a few inches above the vines, hovered, flew it backwards and sideways as well as forward.

On June fith a second Bell 'cop- ter was flown to Middleboro from Niagara Falls, New York, where it will be placed at the disposal of members of New England Cran- berry Sales Company, being leased through Wiggins Airways of Nor- wood. This ship was brought in to a field across from the Sales Company office, shortly after noon, where directors had gathered for a meeting.

MASS. JUNE FROST

An early June frost occurred on the morning of June 5th on Massa- chusetts bogs. Dr. Franklin having sent out a warning, "moderate, general frost, minimum temper- ature 26 degrees." That point was widely reached and also 26 and 27,

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Twrily-four

the former on the Pierceville bog- of Makepeace Company at Pierce- ville. West Wareham; Malcolm Ry- ('er, Cotuit; and Rogers bog, East Wareham. Dr. Franklin did not believe there had been much dam- age, in view of the warning and generally adequate water supplies. Night before similar temperatures had been reached, but there was considerable wind.

described in the circular, growers of cultivated blueberries can save themselves much of the loss caused by the pest.

The authors describe the pest, warn of three types of injury to

watch for, gives its life history and habits and then the control meth- od, and ends with the warning to growers of cultivated blueberries not to wait until their whole field is infested.

New Blueberry Paper

"Blossom Weevil on Cultivated Blueberries" is the title of Circu- lar 504 published by the New Jer- sey Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, Rutgers University, Ne'v Brunswick, New Jersey, by C. A. Doehlert and W. E. Tomlinson, Jr., of the Cranberry- Blueberry Sta- tion at Pemberton.

The cranberry weevil frequently destroys half to three-quarters oi the crop in the infested parts o^ blueberry fields in New Jersey, the authors state at the beginning, but by applying the control methods

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MATHEWS CONVEYERS

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YOU SHOULD SEE OUR NEW

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FROST INSECTICIDE CO.

Box 36

Arlington 74, Mass.

Th«

SEMPOS FLOAT BOAT

(Patent app. for)

MR. CRANBERRY-GROWER:

You want a maximum return for your 1947 crop.

You can't get a maximum return without full recovery of your floats.

You can't get a full recovery of your floats without a SEMPOS FLOAT BOAT.

The SEMPOS FLOAT BOAT approximately doubles recovery of floats; cleans the bog while it works; will NOT injure bog or vines.

The SEMPOS FLOAT BOAT is jet-propelled, uses jet agitation. and carries the operator.

Inquire about our Lease Arrangement that means Increased

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Sempos Products Company

MANUFACTURERS AND FLOAT CONTRACTORS Box .36 Tel. Wareham 10.30 East Wareham, Mass.

Twenty-five

A "Cranberry" Institute Is Proposed

The proposal of an impartial "cranberry institute" has been made by C. M. Chaney in his an-

nual report to American Cranberry Exchange directoi's. A principal function of such an organization, if it should be formed, would be to promote increased use of cranber- ries through advertising campaigns which would be paid for by all growers.

CRANBERRY REAL ESTATE

APPRAISING

BOG MANAGEMENT

17 Court St. Plymouth, Mass.

-/ ^J^^'°% /

^^^O-

^'OA

®,y

Tels: Plymouth 1622 Kingston 319

If you are buying or selling Cranberry Property it will pay you to see us.

A number of properties available, more wanted.

FOR SALE

Blower, Elevator, Separator, Screen Belts, Conveyor

and Shaker with Fairbanks-Morse 2 h. p. gas engine

complete with shafting and belts, ready to set up. Price very reasonable.

ERNEST W. SHAW

South Carver

ARE YOU SURE?

Why not let us make a survey of your insurance without charge, to make sure that you are fully protected?

For more than 20 years, Mr. Eben A. Thacher, of this firm, has provided specialized insurance service to meet the needs of cranberry growers. He will be glad to discuss a survey of your requirements and present coverage.

Brewer & Lord

INSURANCE 65 Batterymarch Street, Boston

Telephone: Hancock 0830

Mr. Chaney's proposal, which was voted to be given study by the directors, would propose an adver- tising fund, perhaps of ten cents a barrel, to be used for general advertising of cranberries, with the mention of no trade name or brands.

This would not necessarily mean, Mr. Chaney says, that ACE or others who advertise cranberries under nationally known trade names and brands would discon- tinue this advertising. But his proposal would have every grower contribute to the general advertis- ing of cranberries. He points out that for the past 30 years, ACE has spent a considerable sum of money to advertise and publicize cranberries.

Atwood "Hobby" Article Refers to Publicity Value

"His Hobby Works for Him", is the title of an illustrated page article in May issue of "Nation's Business", concerning Ellis D. At- wood, South Carver, Massachu- setts, and his bog railroad.

The writer, R. E. Murray, states that through Mr. Atwood's inter- est in railroading, the last of the two-foot gauge railroads in Amer- ica, instead of dying in the ob- scurity of the Maine woods, is now recreated "in all its former glory" at South Carver. By this action, Mr. Atwood not only satisfied a strong hobby, the article contin- ues, but found a means of simpli- fying his cranberry growing prob- lems.

Today the hobby is a paying- proposition, the writer assei'ts,

LLOYD M. HENDRICK

Registered Architect

Architect-Engineer

Public, Commercial and

Domestic Work

BAKER BLDG. BUZZARDS BAY

AND POCASSET, MASS.

We Have Listing of Cranberry Bogs, large or small

FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency

WILDA HANEY

Decas Block

Wareham, Massachusetts

Twenty-six

Lis'htweight, 20-nozzle Bean Spray Booms are readily convertible to cranberry spraying. The powerful John Bean sprayer in the back- ground, discharges 35 gallons a minute, at 800 lbs. pressure.

More Cranberry Profits

...with Bean Cranberry Sprayers

Only high pressure spraying gives you real protection for your cranberry crops ___ and cranberry profits. Under high pressure, spray materials reach every surface of every plant — tops and under- sides, leaves and vines. John Bean Cran- berry Sprayers perform for your profit; deliver a high pressure spray that covers the crop fast — when you need it and where you need it — without wasting costly spray materials.

They can be used for spraying with 2, 4-D, as well as with other chemicals, because their all-steel tanks do not ab- sorb spray materials, and hence can be cleaned. These economical sprayers — built for years of hard use — are all-

purpose ; can be used for spray painting, whitewashing, fire fighting. Bean spray- ers can be equipped with refillers for fast refilling from any tank or pond.

Trouble-free Bean Royal pumps are all-enclosed and deliver up to 60 gallons a minute at 800 lbs. pressure in the larger models. Four-wheeled units fea- ture cut-under construction, can follow the tractor down narrow dike roads.

Available in skid-mounted, t w o- wheeled or four-wheeled models; engine or tractor-powered, with pump capacities ranging from 15 gallons a minute, 600 lbs. pressure, to 60 gallons a minute, 800 lbs. pressure. See your dealer or write for catalog "0'.

JOHN BEAN MFG. CO.

DIVISION OF FOOD MACHINERY CORP.

Lansing 4, Michigan Dept. 45

Twenty-seven

IRRIGATION

EQUIPMENT and SUPPLIES

MANUFACTURER'S

DISTRIBUTOR

OF

FLEX- 0- SEAL

Pressure tight — I.iKhtweight

PORTABLE PIPE

8"x20' lengths 6"x20' lengths 4"x20' lengths 3"x20' lengths

$27.50 20.46 16.40 11.35

SPRINKLER HEADS

SUCTION HOSE

DISCHARGE FITTINGS

ENGINE PUMPING UNITS

We have

available

a

large quantitv

of

o

c.

D

Chrysler

Pump

ng

Units

Skids,

Trailers,

Front

Mounts 1

Giant Portable Heads

for

Vegetables

Potatoes — Field Crops

Cranberries

Thrtuijrh experience gained in aft- ii;il operation of many miles of Flex- 0-Seal ripe and all types of rotary Sprinkler Heads on our own Cape Cod Farm and from experience in setting' lip installations on most of the large rotary sprinkler type irrijjation sys- tems in New Kngliind on tobacco, jio- tato, vejretable and cranhi-rry layouts, we feel iiualified to engineer your ir- ritrnl ion rei)iiiremnls.

Visitors Invited lo

Irrigation Division

VEG-ACRE-FARM

Korestdale (Cape Cod) Mass. I'hone Osterville 719

LITERATURE - PRICES

LAYOUTS - ESTIMATES

FREE ON REQUEST

"an effective unit in lii.s cranberry business." He tells briefly how it was used for sanding, to distribute workers throughout the bogs, and tank cars will carry kerosene for weed control.

Some 25,000 tourists stopped by at the South Carver bog last year, the article points out, and more than 100,000 visitors are expected during 1947. This is just what Mr. Atwood wants, the writer fur- ther says, as he sees in the rail- road an excellent opportunity to promote good will and a cranberry i ppetite, and that the "ever-grow- ing" cranberry industry hopes to get a mighty publicity boost from the Edaville Railroad. (This was a major factor pointed out in the first .stories in CRANBERRIES concerning "Atwood's Hobby".)

Bancion Notes

Bandon — Wide, modern road- ways will give access to individual cranberry bogs in a new area now under development west of the Seven Devils road about seven miles north of Bandon along the coast, where William H. F. Zied- rich of Coquille is clearing land and building roads for new owners of bog land who have their places in the initial stages of construc- tion.

Ziedrich during the past few years acquired several sections of land containing natural peat bogs. The land was divided into farms and planned so that each would have water supply, road accessi- bility and maximum fire protec- tion. In order to assure good roads, he engaged heavy equipment and is spending several thousand dollars in clearing the grading. At least two of the new roads will extend from the Seven Devils road westwai-d to Whiskey Run beach.

It is estimated that the new north-of-the-river area will even- tually add several hundred acres of producing bogs to the Coos- Curry counties district of southern Oregon.

A large double-faced neon sign, "Bandon, Cranberry