Ex libris OLBROOKMD. V MEMBERS OF THE ROTARV CLUB ()Ç A MARK OF THEIR Em M So. fRIENDSHIP 1 \ . J \: :.. I I' L ... .f .- \ it. 't-l.. 't \ \ \. . '. .l\. -:......, . ..,. . , : . -.. > 1_ itl. .... / . I .: f . . ""' ., ... .... tf Ii , - : :.a .. It:r) '\ : : . .. . . \ . , } , , .. I ri :r. ;... t.- O 7. -.: :r. o r.:: ::: C ç ;0- f-< C - THE HISTORY OF THE County of Bruce AND OF THE MINOR MUNICIPALITIES THEREIN. Province of Ontario. Canada BY NO MAN OBE TSON Treasurer of the County of Bruce Secretary Bruce County Historical Society " C q7/ -:?.. f, TORONTO WILLIAM BRIGGS 1906 1.3591 ORTH YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY MAIN Entered accordinl( to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year one thou8and nine hundred and 8ix, by XOR'IMi ROBERTI'O , at the Department of Agriculture. AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION. As the numbers became reduced of those who had entered the county of Bruce as its first settlers, a desire prevailed that, ere it was too late, an attempt be made to gather from their lips the story of the pioneer days; as this, with an accurate narrative of the early evolution of Bruce, must bp obtained, if ever, before those who had been the active participants had passed away. In the preface to the Atlas of the County, published by H. Belden & Co., in 1880, is to be found the first effort made in this direction. This Atlas, however, was an expensive volume, and is in the possession of but few, and the historical sketch contained therein is but little known. In 1896 the County Council offered a prize of $50 for the best paper on the history of the county. In response to this, two papers were submitted, one written by .T ohn [cN abb, the other by the author of this volume. Both of these papers were considered to possess such merit that the Council offered to give to each of the writers the prize offered, providerl that two additional chapters be "ritten-one on the Schools of Bruce, and the other on the Iilitia and Y olunteer::: of the County. These two chapters were suppl ied by the writer. After paying the promised reward, the County Conncil let matters rest, taking no steps to publish the manuscripts sulJmitted. From the foregoing it may be seen that a knowledge of any historical facts relating to the county has been largely confined to the recol1ection of the oldest inhabitants, and to them only. The two historical sketches above referred to "ere prepared along different lines. 1\[r. 'fcN abb wrote largely of the history of the severttl minor municipalities. The other sketch "ag a continuous hist.orical narrati\e of the county as a whole. Perceiving that each form possessed merits the other had not, clIld thinking that a larg-er \\ ork combining these two form would coypr eW'l"Y hi..torical feature iii IV AUTHOR'S IN'l'RODL"CTIOX necessary to be recorded, the writer suggested to ...\Ir. :JlcN abb a compilation of the two narratives. Nothing, however, was done to carry out the suggestion. After thinking it over for two or three years, the author resolved to start de novo and write a History of the County of Bruce along the line spoken of above. Putting both of the above papers aside, work in the way of gathering necessary material was commenced. It was not long before the author became aware that he had not commenced a day too soon. Death was very busy among the old pioneers, and in a short time he would have been too late. During the past eight years scores of old settlers have been personally interviewed; those who are no longer residents of the county have been corresponded with; the records of the county offices at "... alkerton and Goderich have been searched, and also those of many of the minor municipalities. Various Government Departments at Ottawa and Toronto have, on application, supplied documents full of interesting historical facts. The libraries of Parliament have also furnished a quota of information. Files of old newspapers have been closely scanned, and no stone has been left unturned to secure material for a full and accurate history of the county and of the minor municipalities therein. The first eleven chapters of this work refer to the county at large. Then follow twenty-seven chapters, each of which deals with a :icparate minor municipality. This method may have resulted in some repetition, but only where for the sake of the narrative it has been unavoidable, which, under the circumstances, the reader is asked to excuse. The author has met with the greatest kindness and willingness to oblige from everyone from whom information has been sought. He desires to tender his most hearty thanks to all those who have so aided him. Especially would he mention the late Thomas Adair; W. R. Brown and Henry Smith, of the Crown Lands. Department; W. S. Gould, County Clerk of Bruce; W. M. Dack, Registrar, and George A. McKay, Deputy Registrar of the County; the late Fred Lamorandiere, Indian interpreter, and the several county newspapers, from the columns of which many items have been culled. His AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION v thank are also markedly due to J ame 'Van'en, C.E., who generously permitted his large map of the county to be used for the purpose of obtaining the plates from which the sixteen maps of the townships contained herein are printed. The expense of publishing a yolume such as this is greater than is generally imagined. To help over this obstacle the County Council of Bruce, in a broad-minded, liberal spirit, granted one thousand dollars to the Bruce County Historical ';3ociety-under whose auspices this volume is issued-to assist in publishing it, on the understanding that the sum granted be refunded out of the first sale:; of the hook. In connection with this g-rant a committee, consisting of A. ,V. Robb, 'Yilliam ){cDonald and W. J. Henry, was appointed by th(-' County Council for consulting purposes. In writing this History the author has done so with a conscientious (le ire to avoid writing simply for effect. His effort has been to give a truthful historical narrative, lightened up with such local coloring as was available from the individual incidents and experiences of the pioneers. These personal experiences are fittingly narrated in a history of the county, for when the early settlers pass away there will be no one left to tell at first-hand the tales of the backwoods life of the pioneers of Bruce. "T'hile conscious of many defects in literary style, the author sends this volume forth with hopeful anticipation of a kindly reception from all those whose home is in, or whose home memQries are associated with, the county of Bruce. NORMAN ROBERTSON. \\" '\1.KJo.:"TO , O'T. CüNTENrrs. (f{ æ. """o- n II.I.n:s ALE"A nER )kX..\BR ('IWRT H()r E A....D nAOI., w ALKERTO PROCESSIO"- FOR \lED 0"- DeRHA:\1 ::)TREET, \V ALKERTOS', NOVEl\IBER, 1869, TO CEJ.EHRATE TilE PA8SI'í(; Ot" THF I{AILWAY BV-LAW. AU:XANDER IIA\\, K.C. \VILLI.UI HUNS. J. .J. KIl'iGS IIJ.1. HE:">RY CAR(;ILI. REv. WIT.J.IAr.f }'RASER ß. It :\1 II LKR ALEXASD R )lcl)oNAI.D .JOIIS DOI'HI.\SS FI.OWt:H. POT ISLASD, TOW SIIII' OF ::IT. ED\lC:-;DS. .JoIIX EI'KI!'oRD . LT. ,COL. A. I'ROAT JAMES llRUI'h.I.KBA:-;K ,JOSEPII \V AI.KER OI.IJ Vn:w {J}" Dt'RIlAM TREET, \VAJ.hEHTO:'oo, Alml'T 187R HII;" HI'1I00l., ('IIESI.t:Y j, PAGE 2-1 3') 32 32 32 64 64 6-1 6-1 ]03 110 l:!u 120 120 120 2.i 2:>>2 232 232 2liO s S'i 2 :11 IS :r:s x ILU;STRATIOXS nlUN ORCHARD PAüE 384 384 384 384 448 448 448 448 460 496 496 496 496 SAM PEL T. ROWE JOIlX S. McDoNALD CAPT. DUNCAN Row AN PETER ROBERTSON \VILLIAM SUTTON 'VILLIAM RASTALL D. A. IACCRI!\IMON, M.D. VIEW OF KINCARDINE H-\RBOR I 1878 CAl'T. JOHN ISPENCE . LT. -COL. A. E. BELCHER HENRY HILKER THOMAS ADAIR . :M A PS. TOWNSHIP OF Al\JABEL " ALBEMARLE EASTNOR LINDSAY ST. EDMUNDS ARRAN BRANT " BRUCE. CARRICK CULROSS EJ.DERSLIE GREENOCK .. HURON KINCARDISE KIN LOSS SAUGEEX 207 23;) 242 2.30 257 263 279 315 . . 334 345 3 400 414 428 468 ,488 11 ISTo]{\r OF TI-IE COUXTY OF BI{UCE. CHAPTER 1. THE SURRBSDEll OF THE INDIA),! TITLE. "To the lands in this Proyince acquired by conquest, the British Crown ha" invariably waived its right until what the Crown has been pleased to recognize a:s the Indian title has been extinguished by a treaty of surrender." -1fr. Justice Gu:ymw. DURIKG the period \\hieh has elapsed since the red man of this continent came first in contact with his pale-faced brother, he has experienced at the hands of the latter a process whose general trend has been toward the extinction of his race and the spoliation of his territories. To-day we find that his numbers are largely redueed 7 and his lands, both forest and prairie, have }Ja::,sed from his posses- sion. \t times it has been the bloody hand of \\ ar that snatched from the Indians their ancestral inheritance. t others this process of divestmcnt was as effectively, but more peacefully, accomplished , .hile sitting in conference at the council fire, smoking the pipe of peace with white men sent to treat with them; there, yielding to plau ible and beguiling arguments, the simple-minded Indians have by trcaty surrendered their territories for a comparative trifle\, Four centuries ago, from the Atlantic tó the racific, this con- tinent formed the hunting grounù of large numbers of Indian tribes. To-ùay, owing to the causes above recited, supplemented by the ravages of (li ease and "fire\\ater," the lndians have been dispos- c::,'S t.tl of their lan(h" while their reduced numbers fino ample accommodation and provision in the reservations that have been set apart for them by the governments of Canada and the United States. The British Government in its dealings with the Indians has always manifested a lib('ral and honorable spirit. a Wl,n as a fair rL\gard for thpir treaty right . The re:::,ult of this has lW(,1l that Canada has kno" n no ])lC'rciless and. bloody Inclian \vars, and the TnoiallS \\ ho live Uluier the Hriti.:h flag', altlwug-h climini hl\ll in numners. 1 2 cUIBWA YS A D IW.Hll'ob have made fair prugress in the path of civilization, entertaining meanwhile friendly feelings toward the whites. Our knowledge of the Indian tribes who have resided in the ter- ritory now comprised in the co nty of Bruce and adjacent thereto commences with the advent of the French explorers and the Jesuit missionaries in the early part of the seventeenth century. At that time a hranch of the great Algonquin family of Inrlians inhabited the lilanitoulin Islands, with scattered bands to be fOlmd in what is now known as the Saugeen peninsula; these bore the tribal name of thc Ottawas. To the south and east there d"elt the Tobacco nation, or \Yyandottes, whose tf'rritories extended from the Blue Hills, near Nottawasaga Bay, to the mouth of the Ienesetung, or Iaitland River. Yet further east dwelt the Hurons, in the district north of Lake Simcoe, a tribe whose memory is perpetuated by the broad lake which bears their name, but who as a nation were alm )st exterminated by their inveterate foes, the Iroquois. This natioll, after their victory mer the Hurons, proceeded to occupy all the lands in the peninsula between Lake Ontario and Lake Huron. How the Iroquois were in turn dispossessed by the Ojibways,! or Chippawas, is here given, in the form of a condensed extract, from a book written by one of that nation: 2 "The Ojibways, who, prior to the extirpation of the Hurons and \Vyandottes, dwelt in the Lake Superior country, annually sent some of their number to trade with the French at Quebec or lont- real. A party of these were waylaid and killed by the Iroquois. Threats of reprisals were treated by the latter with scorn. After a second party had been similarly attacked and slain, a council of the nation was held, resulting in some of their chiefs being sent to ., confer with the Iroquois. The meeting was held at Saugeen, and resulted in the Iroquois agreeing to pay a bale of furs for each man that had been killed, and in addition granted permission to the Ojibways to pass peaceably on trading trips to Iontreal. This treat) held good for three :year , when bands of Iroquois waylaid simultaneously several parties of Ojibways, returning from a trading journey. This nappened in the fall of the year, too late in the season to commence warlike opcrations; so the wat' decided upon 1" Ojibway" is the correct name of this tribe, but "Chippawa" is that most generally used. It is of this tribe that Longfellow writes in " Hiawatha." "The Traditional History of the Ojibway Nation." By George Copway, or Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowh, Chief of the Ojibway nation. Published in 1850. See also" History of the Ojibway Indians," by Rev. Peter Jones, for state- ment"! substantiating Copway's account. BATTLE OJ<' SAl'(iEE 3 \Va::; put 01t until the following spring. In the meantime, runners were sent to the various allies of the nation, dwelling in the region between the west end of Lake Erie and thc head-waters of the lið6Ú;:Ü1>pi, to join them in thc coming \\ ar. In the month of Iay following, the combined forct;::; gathered in two parties, one at Lake St. Clair and the other at Sault Ste. 'Carie, seven hundred canoes ueing there a;::scmbled. Thi::; latter party divided into two bands. Onc advanced. on the enemy by way of the Ottawa valley, while the other proceeded to Penetanguishene. The Lake St. Clair division at the lSame time came up the east coast of Lake Huron to the mouth of the Saugeen Hiver, where a fierce battle was fought with the Iroquois, who ultimately gave way and fleù before the savage onslaught of the Ojibways." Further details of the conflict carried on between these two Indian nations would be foreign to our subject. Suffice it to say, that the Ojibways succeeded, after several fiercely fought battles, in driving the Iroquois south of Lake Ontario, and retained posses- sion of the territories obtained by their victories until surrendered by treaty to the Crown. The treaty by which the Indian title was surrendered to that tract of land comprising the original county of Bruce, viz., the tcwnships of Saugeen, \.rran, Bruce, Elderslie, Kincardine, Greenock, Brant. Huron. Kinloss, Culross and Carrick, was. concluded by ir Francis Bonr1 Head, at" Ianitowaning, on August 9th, 183G, the consideration given to the treating tribes being .. tweh e hundred and fifty pounds p't)r annum, as long as gr s grows or water run:::' rrhe trcaty itself is uch an interesting documeI1tt that it is here gi Yf'n in full: ,. I Y CHILDREN:- "Seventy snow seasons have now passed away since we met in Council at thc crooked place (Kiagara). at which timc and place your Great Father, the King, and thc Indians of Xorth America tied their hands t.ogether by the wampum of friendship. "Sinre that period \ arious circumstanccs havc occurred to separate from your Great Father many of hi!; rea children, and as an unavoidable incrf'a;:,f' of white population. a::; "cll as thc progrf'ss of cultivation, have had the natural f'frect of impoverishing your hunting grounds it has become nf'C'06sary that new arrangements should be entered into for the rurrO f' of proh'ding you from the I ncroa('hmpnt of thf' whitps. "In an parte; of the \\orhl farlJlNS H\pk for un('ulti\ate::;l'IÜ occupy, and that you shall repair either to this Island or to that part of your territory which lies on the orth of Owen Bounù, npon which proper house shall he huilt for yon, and proper a:, istanee to enable you to become civilized and to cultivate land, which your Great Father cng(lgc forever to protect for you from the encroachments of the whites. ".\re you. thcre[or0. the auking Indians, willing- to aecene to thi arrangement; if so, affix your marks to this my proposal. ")rX ITO\V.AXI"GJ 9th August, 1836. .. \Yitlless: "T. G. ...\.. DERSON, H.I._\.. ., JOSFPH STl SO", (;('nl. upt. of ,V csleyan Missions. .. .\u.\.)[ ELLIOTT. "J.\"MES Ev.A s. "F. L. IN GALL, Lieut. 15th Hegt., rommnnding DeÌ<1cht. ,. T \l.FOl-nD \r. :FIELD, Distrt. .\gl'nt." .. F. B. Hr _\D. " l\[ETlEW.\BE (totem) . "ALJ X.3SDER (totem) K \QUTA RrXEV \.litE \.E. .. Km\-ClPo\\\ IS (totem). " 'IETl'.\ W y " AS II (totem) . Tlw Indian:, who aftcr thc )[anitowaning treaty 10caÜ.tl perman- ('ntly on tlH' RrnC'c peninsula were largel-y of flIP Ojibway trihe, in- c'Ol'poratca with whom "ere 50nw Pottawafami('s, Tawn.;:, and a few !'t ragg}NR from othpr trihC':-. By a ., Hoyal Decll of ] h>e1nration:' datf'c1 2 }th J Ul1l', Ib-l'ì'. t i!' proyicled for thf'Sl -" That tIll' aid OjilJ\\ay lndian.;; anù their postprity for e, er, hal1 po :-:e:,,;; ilnd enjoy nnù at aU timc::; hc.'l'\'aftl'r c o nntinu0 to PO:-:-I'R;:, ana 0njoy tIll' said ahoYc tract of laud (the Brul'\' J)pnin ula), or the pro(,l'ell of the all' therf'of-for the u e and ben '- u' 'I'll(' huntiug grounds in thus.. da .!> lw]ol1J!inJ! to tilt' :-'augl'(,11 nl1ll 'I'\\a h Indian", 1.:\.tf'nl]Pfl from ,rl'afol'll to t1u' )[aitIand Riv('r, RllIl in- I'll1d('1I all thf' \\atf'r!-hf'11 to t]1P ('al...don 11('l1ntain"l, as well as the Indian Pf'nin"l1la:' II a.'... Fn'lI. L.IJIIOralllliNI', (,hif'f Intcl.pretf'r at C'np(' Crof'kl'r. an authorit.," ('1...1'\\ 1\('1"1' (\,lotl'll. 6 SLRRE DER OF SAUGEEN PENIXSULA fit of the said Ojibway Indians anù their posterity." A a Tesult of the provisions of this deed, when the lands in the peninsula ulti- mately came into the market, the sale was uncler the control of the Indian Department, the proceeds of the sales being funded and the interest thereon paid to the lndians. instead of a fi'{ed annuity, as it otherwise would ha"e been, according to the generality of Indian treaties. In many ways the settlers who took up lands in the penin- sula would have preferred that the lands had been sold by the Crown Lands Department, as were the other lands in the county of Bruce. The method adopted has, however, been a source of benefit, to those wards of the government, the Indian interested. All the lands in the peninsula and adjacent islands, being those mentioned in the deed ahm e referred to. have gradually been surrendered to the Crown, with the e\.ceptiun of the Indian reservcs. Of these rpsenes there .I.S onc at the mouth of the Saugeen River, one at Chiefs Point on Lake Huron, one at Cape Croker on the Georgian Ray, and a rescne for hunting purposes in the township of St. Edmunds. Thc process of surrender haf' been effected under vari- ous treaties, which will be briefly referred to. The first land to he surrendered was that part of the" Half-mile Strip" now included in the townships of Arran and Derby. rrhis \Vas on September '2nd, 18.')1. It was made for the purpose of obtainin}! a direct road. whi(.h the government agreed to open, between the Saugeell and the Kewash (Owen Sound) reservations. The ne otiatiolls for the ceding 01 this Fmall strip took a long time, four year;;: or so. Long alter the surrender the Indian:; complained of not l"L l'eiving :--atisfadory compen:-,atiull for the lands sold, inas- nmc-h as a din.et roall was not opened until 1866. The nc\:t, alHl hy far the la l'gest :-;urrender made of lands, was that of the ;-:;auf!.'el'll penimmla, effected hy a treaty bearing date Octol)l'L' 1. th. ] 85-1. 1 Thi was negotiated by Laurence Oliphant, a man whose rl'lHltatioll H:-: an author i;; widely and wen known, who at t.hat timc "as Sl' retal'Y to Lord Elgin, the Go"ernor- ('on. I in tll(' to" n...hip" of l in\o"5 and H l1ron. . This line formf'l1 th(. TeaT of till' towlIships of .\:-hliI'I.\ ana ',":1\\ all(\ h; the:-;c Í\\ 0 to\\ nshi po;; lun iJlg hpl'JI ...l1rH' (>11 ,,1'\'1'1":1 \ yen r,.. prior to t hi,.. 12 WORK OF A. WILKIX O . P,L.S. the posts along: the north side of the line, marking out the farm lots in what arc now the first cuncessions of the townships of Kinloss and Huron. which farm lots, therefore, can daim the honor of being the first surveyed farm lands in the county of Bruce. )[1'. " ilkinson was not, however, the first luveyor to work in the county. )[ 1'. Charles Rankin preceded him, having in 184:6 run the line from Owen ound to the mouth of the Sallgecn RÏ\-er. that con- stituted the southern houn when he died. His namc is pre"erved in the name of "Allan Park," b{'stowed on a vilJage on the Durham line in the to\\nship of Bcntinck. .:LHthalll B. Hamlin, aft{'r ('f'a ing to lw ('ount," EngilH'cr of RruC'{' ( {,f' ('haptl'r \-r1.) \\aR engaged in the construction of the Intercolonial Rail- . way, and afterwarò in that of the Canadian Pacific Rail" ay in British ('olulllhia, \\'hilc in Uw WI'"t lit' aCI'ull1ulatcd :'OIllC ])){'HII"', hut unfortu- Wltf'l\- l() t thelll, _\(hancc(l in }l'ars a h{' was, hf' '\l'nt to the Klondil,.e, hopili g to be fortunate t>nollgh to retrieve hi". fortunes. ] r(' nd partner took up a claim on IIunk('r Creek, a small trIbutary of th? h..loIHhke, some thirh' milf'R from Da\\son. 1'1)(' two nwn \\('re caught out III a ,,{'vere snow- !-ton;l IlHl \\{>rc h l(lh' froz(,ll hcforf' th{' T succf'edpd in rt>turning' t.o their I'ahin. The ,rountpd 'Police found the partn('r dead. and lr. Hamlin \\ith hi" arms and l{'gs fr07f'1l almost up to his hOlly. Thcy hrought him to Daw- "on, wlH'rc he di{>ò "ithin a few da ' aftl'r reaching' there. This ur- rence happened in the month of Fehruar,'- or 'rarC'h in thc year l8f1 . 14 Dl'HHA I ROAD :SURVEY and :mperintended the con::-;trul:tion of the system of county gra\el roads. Anot11er \Vas Peter Smith, a pioneer settler of Baugeen rrownship. Others were J olm Caskanette and .f os ph Chartrand, of Greenot:k, \\ ho survived to see the county of Bruce attain its jubilee. The report of this suney submitted by )Ir. Brough is a lengthy one. Iany cletai1s ill it are interesting, and will be referred to in the éhapter:'-ì relating to the minor municipalities through which the suney ran. Having been supplied with the required astlOllomi- eal bearings, )Ir. Brough projected his lines accordingly. Starting at Penetangore (now Kincardine), the party pm;;hed their way through the unhroken forest. that then c-ovcl'ecl the lands comprising the townships of Kincardine amI Kinlos:::, until they reached the large tract of swamp subsequently known as the Greenock ::;wamp, of which "Mr. Brough says in his report: "Previous to deeiding upon the route for the Durham Road in the to\,onship of Greenock, ] eÀplorecl the country some eif!ht or ten mile:- in extent and found it to be almo::5t continuous swamp. the e\:tent of which was not fully aF:certainpd; but it may in gC'neral term::5 he :,aid to emhrace a helt of (OOlmtry sOllie tf'll or twehoe miles in length by four in width, and contains more than 25,000 acres. This imnwnsc swamp lies on the wpst sidp of tlw \u-:.::huski ihbi, br \hHIdy Rin'r.l On the east side of Otter Lake (in the township of Kinloss) a small neck of hard land protrudes itself into the swamp; of this I took advantage to carry forward the Durham Road into the township of Greenock, as it is the only piecC' of land in a range of "-everal miles that i::5 prac- ticable for a line of road." The takinf! of this route through the swamp brought the line of road so far ""outh, that the survey pro- 1This stream Lean,. so nwn.' nallIt'S th:l1 it "iH not be out of place to rl'fer to tiwm hf're. On the map of the count.'T of Bruce. puhlished by James "'arren. P.L.S.. tlw river is called the ,. Yoka;;ippi." which is a corruption of the Tndian \\ord "Ah-ta-vahko-<.;iubi ., which m"nn;;;, ,. The Drowned J,ands . Hiver." At the jUlldion 'of this str'eam \\ ith the Sang-een, the Indians ('all it the " I{'k{'nakoJ1('psihhi." or "Small :\Iud Turtle River." The" Mud Hiyer" is what tlw f'arly -..pttl"rs called it; but it is prohably more fre- quently eallf'in \\('re larg<.>IJT sfJuatted npon. .\" a mattpr of p('culat ion the lands w<.>r(' pur<.>ha"ed from the Crown hy .Tanws \\,('1I4('r. of Guelph, and Dr. Hamilton. of God('rich. who u(,cf'('ded in havinO' th(' actual s<.>tt1ellwnt clausp waivNJ. hut on condition that they satisfy the claims of the sfJuaU('rs. They heM the lantIs, still mostly hush, until hW . when .John . and Jame" Tolton purcha <.>d the PTeateT paTt of the hllick. IG FI AL CROWN SCHYEYS A suney was made in 1851 of the tm\ nships of Arran, Elder5lie, Huron. Saugeen, the wcst part of Bruce, and the town-plot of Southampton; in 1852, the east part of the township of Bruce and the townships of Carrick, Culross, Kinloss, and Greenock; in 1855, the townships of Amabel and Albemarle and town-plot of Alma; in 1856, the townships of Eastnor and Lindsay, the town-plot of 'Viarton and the village of Paisley; in 1857, the township of St. Edmunds; in 1875. the six hundred acres reserve forming the southerly part of Southampton town-plot, and in 1899 and 1900 the Fishing Islands, completing the last of the Crown surveys of any moment. CHAPT Elt Ill. THE PIOSEERS. 1831-18-19. Ix attempting to give a narration of such incident::; regarding the pioneers of the county of Bruce a:; the author has succeeded in gathering, the reader is asked to bear in mind the fact that they who have a right to be so entitled should properly be referretI to under se\eral widely divergent classes. Of these the first were the early fur traders, to be followed by explorers, Indian missionaries · and the hardy fishermen, who were profitably engage(l in their can- ing at the Fishing Islands yeaTs bef e a surveyor had even entered this part of the province. The work of these venturesome men wa largely past when the pioneers who formed the vanguard of progress and civilization entered the "Queen '::I Bu:;h;" antI made the first permanent settlements in the county. Tfhis latter class of pioneers were the men who cleared the forest, opened up roads, establishetI schools, formed the \arious municipalities within the county antI started the wheels of its many industries; men characterized by an enthusiasm, fortitude anù industry that made them the peer of any that ever made a clearing and a settlement in a Canadian forest. Ruins of what evidently were forts erected by fur trader s are to be seen at Cape Croker, Stokes Bay, Red Bay and Southampton. )Ian}" are the surmises about these ruined forts. Of what nation- ality were' thpy who erectf'd them, and when and why abandoned? To thf'se and kindred questions no eertain reply can be given. ;;olUe aS ('ft that they were Hudson Bay Company forts, hut satisfactory proof that such was the case has not been met with by the writer. Canada was not ceded by the French to Great Britain until 11lì:-J. Before that datc it i incredible to t.hink that the ]I utlson Ray COTll- pany"s factors were ypnturesome enough to erect trading posts on French tf'rritory. [f erectf'd since that date, surely these forts would have been known ani! refplTed to in the records of the \\ ar of 1 12" \\ hen ves els of noth tllf' English alHl _\me1Ïcan navies ailed on Lake Huron. The e and othf'r rf'a!'ons, such as the finding of ":1IIall 1'f'li(' of apparent1 . Fr('nch origin ]1('a1' tlw !'itf'::: of th'5p 17 It) l'lERRE PICHÉ ruin::;, lead to the supposition that the forts were erected by Frenc h tn1ders. Lackmg positi, e evidence, any view, howeyer, is only conjecture. . The fol1m\ing facts about the early fur traders at Sè:lUgeèn were given by Joseph Longe, sell.. to J o::;eph X ormand in, an old voyageur, who as a boy lived at Goderich at the time of its ettlel1lent, but who removed to Penetanguishene in 1t)31, and then to Killarney. X ormandin's age i::; uncertain, except that he was born prior to 1820. He related these incidents to Fred. Lamorandiere, the Indian inter- preter at Cape Croker, to whom the author is indebted for them, and which are here given in a form but slightly changed from the r cital as received: .. One Pierre Piché. in the year 1818, came from Lower Canada to "Mackinaw tD take part in the adventures and profits of the fur trade. He engaged with one Dr. )Iitchell, of the military po:;t of ::\Iichilimackina,,-, as it was th n called. (The In(1Ïan name of that island "as ":JIishi :JIikinac," meaning a "great turtle:') Ha ,.ing heard of the r:ichness of the Saugeen country in furs he went there to establish a trading post. It was on the flat, on the south side of the Saugeen River, that he built for himself a housc and store, amI completed the establishment by taking to himself a wife from the tribe of Indians residing in that Yicinity. He received his supply of goods for trading through Dr. 11itchell, and afterwards from his 'sons <1eorge and Andrew. The jIitchells residerl first at ::\Iackinaw, but when that was cprled to the rnitec1 States, they moved to Drummond bland, and when that, too. became ...\merican territory. to Penetanguishene. Piché was a man of grrat strength and bravery, and on account of these qualities he succeeded in obtaining and keeping control of the nest part of the fur trade in the vicinity of S ngeen. He had many competitors, however, who obtained their supplies from \V. S. Gooding, of Goderich, Joseph Longe, sen.,! who supplied these facts, being one of them. On Piché's death. about 1828, his business was taken up by Edward Sayers: hc in turn was succeeded by .Achille Canotte and Registe J.oranger; the latter had been a clerk in ,Iitchell's store at Pene- tangui henc. He came to the Saugecn trading post with his brirle, Adelaide Lamorandiere, remaining there until the breaking out of lJoseph Longe, sen., died about 1858 or ISM), and was said to have attained the age of nf'ar1y a century. _-\. number of his descendants reside at outhampton. UTUElt FUB. TUADEHS 19 the rebellion in 1t;37. The competition to purcha::ie fur:; was keen, and mQ.ny were the . ruses de g uerre' used by the tnlùers to get ahead of a competitor; consequently men good for a long, fast tramp through thp woods to visit the various Indian CèllIlpS \\Crè in demand. Among those so employed were A. L ,rd;regor (after- ward Capt. Achille Cadotte), Louis and :::;am Thibeau, Thader Lamoraudiere and .T oseph Longe, jun." Besides the traders mentioned by 1\Ir. Lamorandiere in the above narrative, there were others who came later into the field, and were well kno\\n by many settler::; in Bruce. These men made Goderich their headquarters, from which point they vi::ÜteJ, either by boat in summer or by dog-train in \\ inter, the varioú:; Indian camps in Bruce or on the 1anitoulin Island, returning with large quantities of furs, lllal'le sugar, anù other products of the fore:;t and lake. L\.mong the last of these traders were Hugh Johnston, of Goderich, and William Hastall, who final1y settled at Kincardine. For a number of years after taking up his re::òidenee at Kiuéardine, )11'. Rastall each faU visited the Inùian::; at Saugeen, returning b-!fore the ice broke up in the spring, hringing his purchases with him. packed on toboggans drawn by dogs. In trading with the Indians traders made a practice of paying them the priC'1' asked for their commodities, without any beating down; payment wa::; ahrays in goods, but the trader took care that the pricp he received for his goods was proportionate to that a:;ked for the furs he had purcha::;eJ. Of those who were merely explorers, the first to be mentione...l is Capt. II. 'V. Bayficld, U.N., who made a hydrographic survey of Lnke Huron and its shores in 1822. His chart of the same has been ip use hy navigator of the lake to the present any. An examination of thi:;: chart shows the changes which have taken place in the J1ilmeS of places as well as in the spelling, as for e"\ample, .. Sangeen" we then' find spelled "ì5augink," and ToberIllory bears the name of.... Collins' Harbor. I n 1844 the GO\ernment sent out a party to explore the ang n River, at the head of which was Co!. Casimir S. Gzowsk i. at that tinH' holdin a position in the Department of Public Work,,- Accompanying him were )lr. Jamf's Wl'bster, of Fergus. arterward Hegistrar of the county of 'Vellington, and 'f r. Thomas Y o ng, Crown I..aml-; .Agl'nt at \rthur. Going- north, probably b way of the narafra"Xa Road, until they refichf'n the Sangel'n TIi\ err thpy followen it cour (' in a r:mof'. making' notes a tIll'.\' jonrne)'erl. :!() EXPLUUERS From these notes )Jr. A. " ilkinsoll marked the course of the rin>r in a wonderfully accurate manner, in the sketch map ,of the .. Queen's Bush:' referreLl to in thQ preceding chapter. The author has searched hoth at Ottawa and Toronto in various goyernmental departments in an endeavor to obtain a copy of Co!. GzO\vski's report, but un6ucce:::sfully, much to his regret, a it mll:::t have con- tained a description of part of the county of Bruce 3::; een for the tirst time by a white man. It was in 18-18 that the first geological survey Was made of that part of the province in which the county of Bruce lies. The Buney party engaged in this work eem only to haye coaste<1 along the lake shore fI-ont of the county, without extending their researches beyon(l. A letter received by the author from Dr, Bell, Director of the Geo- logical Survey of Canada, given in a footnote,! covers all that is neressary to record about this, or the subsequent survey made by himself of the geological features of the county. In 1834 the Rev. Thomas Hurlburt,2 of the ,r c:::leyan 1Iethoc1ist Church, was appointed to commence a mission among the InL1ians r,.:::iding at the mouth of the Saugeen. During the six. prerions years )lr. Hurlburt had laboren a a missionary at the Indian 1.. Geological Surn'.'" of Canada, .. Robert Bell. M.D.. D.Sc. (Cantab.), LLD., F.R.S. 1.S.0., " Actfng Deputy Head and Director, "Ottawa, September 15th, 1904. ,. Dear ir,-In reply to :,"our question I beg to say that the ea"tern shore of Lake Huron was not surn ed or e.....amined by Sir 'Y. E. Logan him;;:.e1f. but by the as;;:.istant proyincial geologist, 1\11'. Alexander ::\Iurray, in 18-1S. His delineation of the geological boundaries in the county of Bruce was only tentative, and on my examination of that county in 1863 I l'stablished these boundaries much more accurately, and as they are now represented on our geological maps. The contours of these boundarie" are of some geologic interest, as sho\\ ing what must be the general geological structure under the waters of the eastern part of Lake Huron, \\ hich is important in connection with anticlinals and the occurrence of petroleum in south-western Ontario. The corrected geology of the county of Bruce is des('ribe(l yery Lriefly by f'ir "'illiam Logan in the 'Geology of C'an3da, ] fi3.' "Yours truly, "ROBERT BELL, ".1ct-ill!l Director. "In ::\11'. )Im-ra:, 's report for 1848 (published in 1R-19) hI' doe,;; not men- tion ' count . of Bruce,' but speak.; of Pt. Douglas, Maitland Rh"C'r, · Saugeen ' Riwr, Cape Hurd, etc." 2Rev. )lr. Hurlburt's ministerial activities extendec1 from 182S to lSï . The greater part of his work during this period was among the Indians. Hi" death occurred April 14th, 1873. Mrs. Hurlburt was a daughter of the ReY. Ezra _-\dams, and was an aunt of )11'8. (Rev.) D. A. :Moil'. late of "-alkf'rtoll. and was also related to J. H. Adams, banker, of Hanover. l\lISSIOXS TO THE INDIAS::; 21 Hesene at :i\Iuncey, in the township of Caradoc, obtaining there a training that stood him in good teaù in opening the mission at Saugeen. _ As an assistant )Ir. Hurlburt had a native Inùian local preacher named Da\ id awyer" Their outfit con5isted of a few necessary househola and farming uten il , with such prO\"isions as were requisite, all placed in a cart, to which were yokeÜ an ox and a cow. \rith this novel team they made their way through a hun- dred miles of bush to Goderich, the rest of their journey being made in a sail boat, while the cattle were driven along the beach V) Saug-cen. The missionaries met with encouraging success in their work. and in 1835 reported a congregation of fifty-nine members. )[r. Hurlburt's stay at Saugeen extenùed oyer three year . 'rlÜle there he haù a son born to him, who without doubt was the fir:,t white child horn in Bruce. This mi sion prospereù in its work, and the great majority of the band are at this day members, or adher- ents, of the )[ethodist Church. The following are the names of the missionaries, successors to )[r. Hurlburt, who during the first thirty years of the mission labored in this field: Rey. Gilhert )[ iller (lX38), \Ym. Herkimer. (1839--10 and 1850), Thollla5 ,rillialll,.. (Jö-10), George Cop\\ay (1843-5), .r. K. Williston (Uì-l6-9, 1 5ß- 1 IÎ2) , James Hutchinson (1851-2), Peter J acob6 (18.33-5). The ('ar1ie t attempt to develop the natural resources of the (,OllIlty of Bruce is to be credited to Capt. _\lexander )[acGregor, of Cotlerich,2 who in 1831, when sailing among the group of island:,=- now kno\\ n as the Fishing Island::;, discovered that the locality wa:s teeming with fish. lIe soon established himself on one of the islands fwd COllUlIcllced to gather in the harvest of its adjacent watf'r:;;. Capt. )[acGrc;.!or' greatest difficulty in taking all vantage of this ource of wm1th of naturc's proviòing, wa to di::-posp of the illllllen ,- quantities of fish that could be secured, as the numbpr :""\'emed unlimited. Somp time about 1834, when in Dl>troit, Capt. )[ac- Grf>gnr f'nte]'(',l into a !-ati ractor ' contrad with an _\lllerican COlll- Il>a,"iII Sawn'r. horn in I ll, W:t!-l the ('Illt'!-It !-Ion of tIlt' H('
    cted by his father, Capt. A)e allder )[acG regor. The a uthur also has com ersed with se\eral person..; who rcmcmbl'r Wlll'll the roof on the builùing wa,; extant. tateJllents llt'h as the:-:e, (lefinite amI clear. must a:,sure the read('r that the p ruinetl wall::; are thl' remaÎns of the first per- manent huilding erected in the county of Bruce. anù that to Ca }t. \l('xand(,l' \r ad}regor helong;-; the credii of IUl\-ing erected them.! The financial SUC:c(SS met \\ ith hy Capt. }\[ad1regor 'in his con- tract with the Detroit company was so great that a feeling of envy ,ras d('vdoPLc1 among his fellow tOWll.; 111 en. COlli hi 11('(1 \\ ith a dc....il'e to participate in his fortunate dis\'ovf>ry awl gn1:,p the profi1s thereof. rl'his was mänife..:Ìt'ù hy certain reprl' t-'lltation..: made to the govern- J1l('ut to the ('ff(.cf that A\ll1ericans wpre obtaining an lllHlue adyan- tage by the e'íclusive contract they haa oht.ainea in these fì::;hf>ries in Canallian water . \..:'=o the rr n1t uf tll(' (' reprf'::Ot'ntation:--. a IC'ase was granted to a company, conferring to it the sole right of fishing at thf'f'f> islan(l " .Among thf> proHloler:o:. of tht' cOlllpan,\' w<' find thf> WllIll':-; of 'r. S. Gooding, ] 11'. William Dunlop. Dr. ITamiltoll, and others, of Goderich. As a result of the granting of thesè exclusive privilege,.... ('apt. 'rad le or was C'omp('l1('d to p:i\f> up the fishing industry he hall dC'vdop a nu(l hC'gin ,,'ork anew d:-:t'where. rrhe lTht> qucstion should hp ('onsilll'r('(l "t'ttlt'd hy what is said in t}1(' fol1o\\"- ing I',traet frulll t\w rl'purt IIf \lpX:. ll1rray. \ssistant Provineial Opologist, "hf'n rt'fl'ning' to hi", urvf'"\ of this part of the province in till' year 1848, he sa.",,: .. \\ïth till' (' t'pption of a bui1tling which wa!i raisl'd SOU1P years ago hy a fi,...hing' cOlllpany at Oahl'to. or Fi hing 181m1lls. Uwrc is not n single dwpl1ing on .1I1Y part of t11t' f'oa...t :111 thl' \\ay (from tht, augl'l'n Ri\pr) to ('npp Il1m1." 24 NIAGARA FISHING CO}U)A!'\Y search for fishing grounds equal1y a::; good was, however, in n1Ín. He first tried the vicinity of Tobermory, then Cape Croker. 'Vith the . latter place his name will be forever associated in the local appella- tion bestowed of "::\IacGregor's Harbor:' :Finally he tried the fish- eries in the neighborhood of the )Ianitoulin Islands. But none of these proved as remunerative as his first discovery. This pioneer of the fishing industri s of. the county of Bruce lie3 buried near the mouth of the 'Vhite Fish River, a strealll that flows into the Korth Channel, )Ianitoulin Islands. The " iagara Fishing Company" wa:-; the name borne by the company above referred to. }'or some reasqn it did not meet with the ballle success as had rewarded the labors of Capt. l\iacGregor, so in 18-!H, haying founù a purchaser in the persons of Capt. John Spence and Capt. ,rm. Kennedy, of Southampton, the company disposed of its property and privileges for the sum of eight or nine hundred pounds. These tWD men jointly carried on the fish.:-rie:; at the Islands for se\eral years, until Capt. Kennedy was called away, in 1852. to engage in a polar expedition. The first permanent settlers to take up la11(1 in the county of Bruce did so in the year 18-!t;. Less than a dozen locations were made in the whole county in that the first year of actual settlement. They who then became :-:ettlers well deserve the name of pioneer:::. ::\Iiles and miles of forest lay between them and the most ordinary com forb of ciyilized life; oyer thesl: long ancl weary miles every pound of the necessary supplies of food haù to be carried until. after months of hard labor and much privation, these stout-hearted men had brought their land into a .condition to produce something on which they could subsist while the work of underbrushing, chopping, log- ging and clearing the land went on. To fully appreciate what these and most of our pioneers have endured, it would be neces ary to call upon your imagination and picture yourself in their place. Let us try to follow one of these stalwart men as he leaves some outpost of civilized life and starts out into the bush, in search of a location on which he may settle, clear a few acres of land, erect a shanty, and thereby establish a squatter's claim to the lot of his choice. Before he starts he carefully prepares the pack he has to carry. This contains a supply of provisions, a few necessary cook- ing and eating utensils, a blanket, an axe, and possibly an auger and a chisel; some, in addition to these necessaries, took also a gun. After a weary tramp througb the woods along a surveyor's" blaze," "" CN ë. . , '" ..'( .=. " t' '" -< oJ \'" To H t.- it Z 0 i i " -< f-< L t z \o I' .' :;; , 7. 0 - .... :.. (It ".. 7J ., '\ \ \ .. OJ ..>0: .:5 - " ! : S 0 f 'J HE SOUTARY })lul'ì EER 25 a spot that seem:::; somewhat near the ideal he i::; looking for is reached. The land, he notes, ib coyered with heavy hardwood tim- ber, a safe indication that the ground on which it grows is good; the soil, exposed where some ancient monarch of the forest had stood, but now fallen and uprooted, seems aU that could be desired, and a spring flowing clear and cool fairly captivates him. Here his search ceases. After securing his provisions in the hollow of some tree, so they may be safe from rain Or the depredations of wild animal::;, he proceeds to do some underbrushing, and erect a shack or shanty, which has to be made of timber of such a size that he unaided can lift it into place. Cutting the logs into !Suitable lengths and notching each one for the corners, he erect::; after mnch hard work his shanty. A narrow opening is made for a doorway; planks split from cedar logs are made into a door. The chinks between the logs are filled with splints and stuffed with moss or clay. The roof is covered with elm bark. His bed of hemlock boughs is placed in one of the corners. The table is made by driving four cro ched sticks into the earthen floor, on which rest, supported by cross-pieces, a eouplp of 1:,plit or hewed planks. " ith a block of wood for a seat, hi furniture is complete. The cooking, if it is summer, is carried on out of doors, gipsy fashion; what is done is of the simplest-flour mÜ.ed with water ani!. a little salt is made into bannocks or scones, which are baked in a frying pan. These and a cup of tea are the common articles of his fare. Dwelling in such a structure, for the \\ord "house" is hardly applicable to it, the hardy hackwoodsman proceed::; with the work of making a clearing, persevering thereat until "ant of provision=-! compels him to go back to thc settlement for a fresh supply. Only those who have p:\.perienced it know the inten:-:l' feeling of lonelincss that oppresses the solitary backwood:o:- man, dwelling :llone ill the bush-no one to spt'ak to, or a::;k for the most trivial assistance, the souwl of a human voice is longed for, but ,-ainly. Inanimafx> nature in the forest gives forth sounds in the minor key, hoth soft and soothing; the ringiug sound of the a\.e a..; it makes t1lP white chips fly is cheery: the rush and crash of 80me giant of the forest as it falls before the blows of the woodsman is e\:riting-, yet these voicrs of the backwoods fail to dispel the scnSt" of loneliness which is OlW of the most trying experif'ncf's of pi01leer life. T IHliviclual in!-'tancp..: of hardships endured ani I of ditlìculties oycrcome by pioneers will bp gi\en in relating the settlement of vari- ous localities within tll(' ('nunt.,. Tlwl"f.fol't'. without furtlwr flrlo 26 THE FIR T TO SETl'LE IN BRUCE for the present, we will pass on to consider the disputed topic, to whom belongs the distinction of being the first pioneer settler in the county. Kincardine and Southampton are the only localitics in the county to claim that the initial settlement of Bruce was made within their borders. As to which had precedence .we leave the reader to judge, after a consideration of the most reliable data that the author has been able to collate. Shortly after the opening of navigation in 18-18, Capt. :Murray MacGregor conveyed from Goderich in his sailing vessel, and landed at the mouth of the Penetangore River, the two pioneer settlers of that locality, with their effects. These two men were .William \Vithers, an Englishman, and his brother-in-law, Allan Cameron.! On a spot a little south of where the Kincardine railway station now stands, these two men erected a small log house, which for a year or two did duty as a tavern, kept by Cameron; subsequently it was used as a store by J olm Keyworth, and as such may be remembered by many who traded in Kincardine during the" fifties." Foresee- ing the demand that there would be for lumber as soon as settlers commenced to take up Ìand, Ir. Withers commenced the construc- tion of a mill-dam, which he placed across the river ahout where it touches the east side of Huron Terrace Street,2 in the town plot of Kincardine. Here he erected a frame saw mill, at the raising of which assistance "as rendered by Indians and the few settlers who had taken up land in the vicinity. :ß1r. A. P. Brough, in his report of sUfYey, refers to this mill as "a substantial, well-framed building, which wa., in full operation in the summer of 18:1:9." When Mr. Withers erected his mill and dam he neglected to ecure permission from the Crown to do so; this oversight. rcsulteJ unfor- tunately for him::elf, he being forced, at a considerable loss, to remove his newly erected mill from the site where fiI'3t erected to one on his farm (lot 3, con. 2, S.D.R., Kincardine), just outside the town plot, the exact date of his doing so the author being un- a ble to find out.3 1IIr. "Withers had further difficult T in regard to lOwing to his dark complexion his name was generally prefixed by the early settlers with the distinguishing title of "Black," or " The Black Prince." 2At what is marked in original plan of the town as " Mill Block No. 1. II 31n the ('rown J ands Department records is a copy of a letter to J. Clark, C.L., agent at Goderich, dated 14th February, 1850, to the following effect: "You will also warn the person who contemplates purchasing Ir. 'Vithers' interest in the :Mill-site, that when open for sale the unauthorized occupation of the land "ill confe-f no rights to pre-emption." CAPT. JOHN SPEr\CE ,,- -, cutting timber on Crown lands. The lands in Penetangore aud ,icinity were not offered for sale by the Crown until \..ugust, 1851. :;0 that any timber cut by him prior to that aate was cut on Crown lands,1 and subject to Crown dues, which the Crown Lands Agent at Goderich was told (Del'. l-!th, It;48) to take steps to collect or have the timber seized. rrhe first settlement at outhalllpton wa:- maùe by Capt. John Spence aud Capt. \YiUiam Kennedy. The former of these wa a native of the Orkney Islands; the latter was a well educated half- breed. Both of these men had been in the employ of the Hudson'::; Bay Company, from which service they had retired in 1t;47 and taken up their residence at Kingston. Learning of the profitable- ness of the Lake Huron fisheries and of the opportunities for had- ing in furs, in the spring of 1848 they left Kingston westward bound, for the purpo e of inye:;:tigating for themselves as to the truth of what they had heard; travelling via Toronto and Lake Simcoe, at nama they purchased a canoe from the Indians, in which they journeyed down the Severn River to the Georgian Bay and thereon to OWI'n. 80u1Hl; from thi poin1 they tra,"elled on foot by the Indian trail to the mouth of the augeell Hiver, arri,-ing therc in June, lS-lS. ;-;atisfied with the lotation and their prospects there, they returned to Owen. Sound to obtain supplies; with these they loaded their canoe and in it proceeded to follow the l"oast line until the head of Culpoy's Bay wa rcaclwd. Being old Hudson's Bay ('ompany voyageurs. the nf'("e sal'Y porhtge to Doat Lakc was e\.pcùi- tiou!'ly made, the sail do" n Rankin and 8auble Rivers safely accom- plished, and it took hut a short time to paddle over the waters of Lake IT uron to the a ng"eell. Clo:;c to its mouth they piteht'd their tent find in it r(' ided aU that summer. ßefore \\ inter :::et in they erected a log h(Jusl , which served Capt. :O;pen(;e and family as a residcl1cP for many years. The stay of Capt. Krnnecly in Southamp- ton r\ trncled over only some fOllr ywrs. T n 1 :)'2. fit the re pl(':::t of Larl ' Franklin, he went out in charge of a party in seaff'h of her husband, Sir John Franklin. the c\rctic discover('!" and na\ igator. In 1850 Capt. Spcnce brought his wife to his new home at South- 1Extract from lC'ttf'r of tlw C'ommis<;ioner of Crown JAana" to H. Clark, C.L.. al!cllt at (;ockri(.h. datC'd eptC'mher 2f1th, 1848: "I take this oppor tllnit . of inforlllinl! yon that the road leading to J.Jake Huron, throup-h the )1(>W townships in thp north of tIll' Huron Distri<'t, will not he carripd throngh this 'ear, aud it is not the intf'ntion of the Govf'rnmpnt to ofTt']" for ",all' at III"I'-'f'nt the Crown LaJl(I-I in that section of the province." 28 FIRST SETTLER OX THE FREE GRAXTS .1lnpton, where they continued to reside until the death of l'apt. Spence on October 13th, 1904. .Jlrs. Spence, surviving her hu::;- banel, is to-day one of the oldest living of the early female settler ?f the county of Bruce. Early in the faU of 184b John C. Digman, a (}erman by birth, settled in Kincardine Township, on lot 3, first concession north of the Durham Road, he being the pioneer settler on the free grant lands. The date of his -;ettlement shows that he must have acted promptly after the issuing of the offer of the Crown. How long )Ir. Digman resided on the lot he located the writer. i::; not able to say, certainly long enough to have the Crown patent issued to him, the date of which is Dec-ember 4th, 1851. Some time after that he returned to the county of 'Vaterloo, from whence he originally came. The next settler on the Durham Roaù was John Beatty. a young Scotchman. He was accompanied by his sister, :Uiss Beatty, who is entitled to the distinction of being, in all probability, the first woman to undertake the hardships of the bush in the county of Bruce. The facts here related concerning :Mr. and Miss Beatty have been supplied by lajor '"Villiam Daniel, who, when he settled in Kincardine Township in October, 1848 (on lot 23, 'con. 1, :K.D.R.), found that they were his nearest neighbors. The Beattys had éome on foot from Owen Round, each carrying a pack. Their route had been by the Indian trail {known later as the "Gimby trail.') to the mouth of the Saugeen, thence by the beach to Kincardine. They pitched their tent towards the rear of lot 14, ron. 1, .D.H., on the bank of the creek, it being the attraction that decided them to locate there. "\Vhen the stock of provisions in our two camps were almost exhausted," the )Iajor goes on to relate, "I shared my last loaf with them and startecl for my father's home in \Yaterloo for further supplie:-:. e pecting to finù my neighbors on my return. Beatty had arranged with a man who was going to Goderich for the 'purchase of a supply of flour. The man to whom the con-unis- sion was entrusted made other use of the money, consequently no flour was forthcoming. \s winter was at hand, the outlook for the Reattys ,,-as alarmin:r. Feeling discouraged and disheartened. they decided to forsake bush life and return to Owen Sound. \ young man named Dick Eaton, ,,'ho was employed by "Tm. \Yithers a (IX teamster, accompanieel them on their journey, which was over the :;;.ame route they had so lahoriously travelled not many weeks pre- ViOllSly. Thp weather was ('01(1: through the .:tream to "hich they PIO EEH.S OF KI:XCARDINE 29 came they waded, carrying 11i:s Beatty, except at the :::;augeell, O\-er which they were ferried by Indians in a canoe. Eat()n unfortunately cut his foot with an axe, and had to be left in charge of the Indians." During the summer of 1848 the small settlement at Kincardine was increased by the incoming of some dozen other ðettlerð, who took up land either at the town plot, on the free grants, or on the lake shore to the north of the town. _\..mong these were Donald, \.lexander and John lcCaskill, James and _\..lexander lunroe, Anthony Copp, Alex. .McKay, George :McLeod, \Vm. Dowell and Patrick Downie. The last-mentioned opened a tavern on the site of the l{ightmeyer Salt Block. During the fall of this year a steamer laden with supplies for the Bruce )lineð was burnt some- where out in the lake. The wreckage from it, consisting of flour and provisions, drifted ashore, and proved a perfect godsend to those early pioneers, who that winter had to purchase from their slender means all their supplies in Goderich, added to which was the tim and labor of bringing these over the intervening thirty-si miles, absolutely devoid of anything that might be calleel a road for most of the distance. Early in the year 1849 settlers in increased nlllllhers took up lands in the vicinity of Kincardine, of '" hOlll quite a number sur- vi,pe. One of these is Rlijah :ðliller. The Gth February of that year is the day when he, then but a boy, first aw Kincardine. He, with his father, mother, uncle and aunt, were driven oyer the ice from Goderich by Capt. Thomas Dancey. To him it seemed that nothing was to be seen but wood::; e,"rrywlwre. TIH' clearing that had been made werp o :-:mall antl scattrred that the forest appeared to have lost nothing of its unhroken Ya::itne s. 11r. 11illrr, spn., ettled on lot 12, con. 1, ).. D.H. That winter he maJe a small clearing anil thereon raised a mall crop the foHm' ing summer. Capt. Duncan Rowan is another "forty-niner," "ho when alive was e, e1. ready to speak of pioneer clays. If e l"('eside Pin River, where he made some improvements and kept a tavern. In the following spring he sold his squatter's rights to David Walden and moved to lot 36. and at the time of E. R. Jones' report, he had made a clearing thereon of thirteen acres in extent. l Among the foregDing names that of (Capt.) \.braham Holmes deserves mort' than a passing' mention. He owned and sailed a dng--out canoe of IBellemore at one time had been in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany, and had married the daughter of an Indian chief. The sign of the tavern which he kept had paintf'd thf'rf'oll. in Tfltlwr rude artistic style, a "bottle find a glass, with the motto, "A French Tavern." THE FREE GR.\XTS 3l unusual size, having a carrying capacity of five barrels of flour in addition to its crew of two men, \\' ho, using oars and sails, brought many a settler with their effects from Goderich to Penetangore. For several years this vessel sailed regularly on this route. Other pioneers took up land in Huron in 1t)49, be::Üdes those on the lake :-:hore. The fir!:it concession recei ,'ed its first settlers in October of that year, who located near what is now Lochalsh, Dun- can lcUae, Finlay lcLennan and \..lex. )IcRae, with their familie , coming in at that time. One cannot but admire the courage of thes men and women in taking up land miles óack from the lake, in the midst of the bush. If severe hardships fell to the lot of thoi;e who had the advantage of water transit to reach their base of supplie:-:, how much more seVf're must have been the hardships endured by these families. It is pleasing to be able to record that" Big" Dun- can )IcRae is still living, and has pa sed his jubilee on the san'e farm lot. The rapidity with which the county of Bruce was settled may ue largely attributeanil'l.... .... IH.,:!.... ... ..Tohn Out::st ..... .John (:uest .. _. .. . IS.':L...... .( eo. Ryckman..... ., ""m. DanieL,. ,.,. 18!í2. '" . . . .:\1. MeLcnnan ........ M. McLennan. . .. . , IH.): ........JohnOuest ..........J. T. Conaway.... IH,':!....,. _. Nil. Nil. IH:i:L...... . John Ouest......... ..J. T. Conaway..... I Sfi2-3 . . . . . . Nil. Nil. IS5:!-3..... Nil. .......... Nil. Township. Kinc. rdine, Bruce, .. Kinloss, .. Huron, .. Brant, .. Carrick, .. ( ; reenof' k , .. au en, A rrall, .. Eldcl'slie, CulrosR, (40" 12 5i 28 6 I 14 o g 55 1() Ii 117 H 2 2 H 9 :t 17 2 IVi :J 4 55 6 9 (827 14 H 18.,:! was the first year that taxes Were paid in the county of Bruce, and then only on account of local rates. The above ahows the first levy in which count v rates \\ ere included. The availahle figures are very conflicting, hl;t the a.bove is b lie\'ed to be correct. Of the total about {.300 was for local requiremt'nts, 1.:19 for reàuction of cOllnty deht, .1:42 payment on l'1a.itland River bridgc, t.:l:i luna.tic aaylulll tax, .1:5.3 on accollnt of railway dehenture8. 44 KINCARDINE HARBOR BY-LAW desire to accomplish this local improvement, it was bJlt a step to believe that the county at large would also derive therefrom benefits slJfficient to warrant the passing of a by-law, under the "Consoli- dated Municipal Loan Fund Act," to raise the required funds for the construction of a harbor. On steps being taken to obtain the concurrence of the ratepayers to this, a storm of indignation was raised in all the townships outside of the two that supplied the quota of councillors. This feeling of indignation was accentuated by dis- approval of the action of Reeve Rastall in voting in support of 8 by-law, passed October 20th, 1852, by the Council of the United Counties, to take stock to the extent of ;ß125,OOO in the Buffalo, Brantford and Lake Huron Railway.! The proposed Kincardine harbor by-law was to be considered and voted upon by the ratepayers on :May 28th, 1853, at the village of Penetangore (Kincardine).2 A great rally was organized in the outside townships to vote the project down. The voters from the north reached Kincard.Ine by sailing vessels, Capt. D. Rowan, in command of the Emily, and Capt. John Spence, in the schooner Sea Gull, bringing large contingents. From Brant there started a procession that comprised most of the resident freeholders of the township, and which gathered in numbers until Kinloss was reached; by that time it numbered fully four hundred within its long strung out ranks. At the head rode Joseph 'Valker, mOllllted on the one solitary horse of the settlement. The rest trudged sturdily along on foot, one of their number carrying a banner, on which was painted the motto, .... Brant, No Taxation, No Surrender," the lettering of which was the handiwork of 1\1r. lalcolm :McLean, the present postmaster of 'Yalkerton. At Johnston's Corners 1\1r. John Eckford and others addressed the gathering, and united action was decided upon, one item of which was to the effect that not a penny was to be spent for food or drink in Kincardine, and thus show in a marked manner, as well as by their votes, the sentiments they cherished regarding this scheme, which originated, so they vociferously asserted, in a desire to tax the county at large for the benefit of Kincardine. This proposal was actually carried out by IThe necessity of railway communication was a felt want in the west- ern part of the province at that time. and the enterprise shown by the County Council is to be commended. The taking of this amount of stock enabled the road to be extended to Goderich. True, it was a half-dozen years after this hefore the rails were laid to the lake, but for the succeeding fifteen years this railway was the main outlet for travel to and from the western part of the county of Bruce. :3S ee procedure of such a meeting, given in 16 Vie., Chap 22, Sec. 5 and 6. U ION OF TOWNSHIPS DISSOLVED 45 many, who brought with them food and whiskey sufficient to last during their stay, and who also, when night came, slept under the juniper bushes on the lake shore rather than ask for shelter in some house in the village. The preliminary meeting, as well as the voting, was held at "Paddy" Walker's tavern. During the proceedings the Roll of Brant was surreptitiously purloined and buried in the sand near the beach. Any action after the disappearance of this Roll would have been irregular, so lessrs. Wm. Gunn, Valentine, Cona way, Benson and Hilker served a protest, and demanded that all proceedings in regard to the by-law be stopped, which, under the circumstances, had to be complied with. The excitement, which all day had been at fever heat, was much augmented by stirring speeches and an abundant supply of whiskey. In such an atmosphere fights started very easily. These at last became so general that it seemed at one time as if the many fights would merge into a general riot. To prevent this Reeve Fraser had some twenty-two special constables sworn in, who succeeded in maintaining the peace and in dispersing the excited throng to their homes. Thus Kincardine's first effort to secure the construction of a harbor collapsed; nevertheless, there remained implanted in the breasts of many throughout the county a resentful feeling against that village, cherished for years afterward. One effect of the foregoing incident was to develop a desire for a dissolution of the municipal union of townships. In pursuance of this, petitions were presented to the Council of the United Counties, at its several sessions in the year 1853, for the erection of several minor municipalities within the county of Bruce. A the Septem- ber session of that year it was decided to carry out the expressed wish of so many ratepayers in Bruce, and there was passed, Sep- tember 21st, 1853, a general by-Iaw l changing the municipal con- formation of tþ.e county, and erecting six minor municipalities therein. This took effect on the 1st .J anuary, 185.1. The following list gives the names of the ix municipalities so formed and of the reeves thereof for the year 1854: United townships of Kincardine, Bruce and Kinloss. " \Yilliam RaRtall, Ree\e. Township of Huron, ................ ...... ........ ... ..John Hunter, ünited towno;hips of Brant and Carrick.. ... . . ... ... . .... .Joseph ""alker, (jreenock and Culross.,., .... .. ... .l:eorgc Cromar, " Township of Saugeen. ..... . . .... ...... . ... .. .. , ... .... Alexander :\[cXahh, II ünit.d tCl\\nships of Arran anù Elùerslie. ..... .. ... .. . Richard Berford, 1AR this by-law i!'! the authority for the separate municipal existence of the town!'hip!'! naIllcd therein, it is given in full in Appendix F. 46 PRELIMINARY TO SEPARATION FROl\[ HUUUX The dissolving of the union of all the townships in the county and forming thereof six municipalities was a measure much appre- ciated by the ratepayers. A large increase in the number of settlers was required, however, ere each township could enter upon a separ- ate career as an independent municipality. rrhe first to do so was Kinloss, which in 1855 was detached from Kincardine and Bruce. The followi g year (1856) witnessed the severance of the union of Kincardine and Bruce Townships, of Brant and Carrick, of Greenock and Culross, as well as of Arran and Elderslie. 1 t was in this last mentioned year that for the first time each of the several townships comprised in the original county of Bruce sent a representative to attend the Council of the united counties of Huron and Bruce, there being but these two counties in the union at that time, Perth having separated therefrom on January 1st, 1853. In doing so Perth assumed two-fifths of the liabilities of the originally united counties. Among the many municipal alterations which occurred during these changeful years, the uniting of the township of Amabel to that of Arran should not be overlooked. This union was accomplished December 18th, 1856, when the United Counties Council passed a by-law to that effect. Amabel was the first of the newly surveyed townships in the Indian Peninsula to come into possession of muni- cipal privileges and responsibilities. By this time the population of Bruce had so increased as to warrant an application being made to have abrogated the union of the counties of Huron and Bruce. This was acceded to and Par- liament passed an Act on May 16th, 1856,1 authorizing the forma- iion of the provisional County Council of Bruce, the preliminary step towards a separation from Huron. At this time it was hoped that a few months would see the separation completed, but local jeal- ousies as to where the county town was to be, intervened to prevent él consummation so desirable. The story of the ten years' struggle for the county-town is reserved for another chapter. The tabulated statement of the equalized assessment of the sev- eral municipalities within the county, as given in Appendix M, indicates the growth, as well as the relative development, of each township during the days when Bruce was but an "infant county." 119 Vie., Chap 19. CH_\PTEH Y. THE f:JEl'l'LEMEST OF THE COU STr. 1850-1856. THE most marked characteristic of the settlement of the county of Bruce was the rapidity with which it was accomplished, com- bined with the vigorous lif of its development, which were phe- nomenal in the history of this province. The short space of thirty years, commencing with 1850, wrought changes that were marvel- lous. During that period the vast primeval forest that spread over the county largely disappeared before the axe of the settler; instead of "Nature's solitude" were to be found cultivated farms, active centres of commerce and manufacturing industries. The trackless bush vanished as the county became covered with a network of gravel roads. To these avenues of traffic were added four lines of railway that entered the county during those years of pronounced development, thus bringing the markets of the world to the doors of its farmers and manufacturers. To have emerged from nature's wilderness and to have attained a population of 65,000 and an assessed value of over $25,000,000 in the space of but three decades, is the proud boast of the county of Bruce, evidencing abundantly the richness of its natural resources, as well as the energetic type of its early settlers. Prior to 1850 not a township within the county had been sur- "eyed into farm lots. 'Vhat had been done by the Crown in the \\ay of preparing for the inflow of settlers that subsequently poured into the county, is rcJated in Chapter II. of this history. The enterprising Dlf'n who had settled at Penetangore and vicinity early perceived the advantages, as well as the necessity, of having the rich lands in the township of Kincardine surveyed for settlement, for only the Lake Shore anù Durham Road Ranges were at the time w(' speak of laid out into farm lots. They therefore raised by sub- scription, limited as their means were, an amount sufficient to send Allan Cameron as their repr('sentative to urge upon the government an immediate survey of thc hlock of land comprised in concessions four to tw('he of that town:;:hip. The reprf'scntntions made were 47 48 FIRST TOWNSHIP SUH.VEYS well received, and in July, 1850, J. W. Bridgland, P.L.S., with a staff of assistants, landed at Penetangore and completed the required surveys during the course of that summer. 'Vhile J. 'V. Bridgland was at work in Kincardine Township, A. P. Brough, having completed the survey of the" free grants," (;ommenced the survey of the township of Brant, north of the Durham Road Ranges. These two surveyors were the only ones at work in Bruce during 1850. In the fall of that year Ir. Brough, having completed the survey of Brant, proceeded, as already mentioned, to layout the Elora Road from Greenock town-plot as far as the town- ship of laryborough, thus preparing another route whereby the county could be entered and by which its inhabitants could take their produce to market. The number of settlers that came into the county in 1850 was largely in excess of the preceding year. As these settled principally on " free grant" lands, it is but fair to assume that the advantageous character of the offer made by the Crown was becoming widely known and realized. The greater portion of these settlers found farms to their satisfaction in either Brant or Kincardine, while a few passed into Kinloss, which in 1850 received its first inhabitants, who settled in the vicinity of "the Black Horse," among them being Joel Eli Stauffer, Thomas Hodgins, Thomas Smith, John and 'Villiam Shel- ton and others. A fair number of settlers located on the Lake Ranges in Huron and Kinçardine, largely attracted by the advantage offered of water communication, which gave ready access from the first. Arran received its first settler in this year in the person of Henry Boyle, a squatter who located on his lot in advance of the survey of the township. The reader may have noticed that to Greenock Township (in which a portion of the free grant lands lay) a quota of settlers has not been assigned. An explanation of this is made clear by the fol- lowing extract from a letter received by )[r. George Jackson, C. L. Agent, from the Department: " August 15th, 1850. Re Tp. Greenock. As the survey is not fully completed, and as there is no intention of opening the road through the township at present, it is desirable that no locations should be made this season." These instructions were not creon to be piled on each side of the road, so as, that the same shaH be fit for burning, and o that a clear space of 45 feet "hall be left in the centre c.,f the allowance for the road. Timber may be feHed into the woods on each side, but not into the clearings. In swamps and other place where causewaying- is required the whole of the timber to be cut close to the ground a width of 20 feet in the centre of the road allowance. The cau!'òewaying to be madl-' of sound, straight log", laid even, r1o!o.e together. and at right angles to said road. and each log to be 16 feet in length. All bridge of 15 feet !'Iran and under to be included under the llead of causewaying. and without extra charge." 2NOTES OF TRAMP !\L-\DE I 1850, BY 1\[, C" SCHÔFIELD, P.L.R. "DeHirous to spe the h('autiful country being surveyed in Bruce, as al!'lo to rl('scf>nd the highly applauded Saugcen Hiver, I accompanied men of A. P. Urough"H surveying party to what wa" th('n called the "First Cro!'tsing," 50 OTHEH TO\VN:-)IHP:-) SUUYEYEV em'dine, thence to Southampton vicinity, but offered the use of a small row- boat he had. In this the Captain rowed to Inverhuron (known at that time as the I ittIe Sauble River), reaching there just as the men of the party arrived from camp, carr) ill the invalid on a stretch('r. l\Ïthout loss of time he was placed in the boat and taken to Penetangore. Medical assist- :mce not being available. once more the sick man was placed in the boat. Captain l\fcLf'od nnd another, taking turn about, rowed the 10nO' distance to Godf>rich, where, at Rattenbury's Hotel, this veteran surveyor of Bruce died a day or so afterward. 1MI'. Alexander McNabb was born in Lower Canada at The Cedars, Soulangf' County, October 7th, 1809. In his early life hc was employed by Coloncl ny, during the construction of thf> Rideau Canal. At the time of his appointment to be Crown Land!'! Agent for Bruce, he held the position of bookkeepf'r for tlw Crown Lands DC'partment. The thirty-one years of his connection with the county of Bruce were marked by a conscientious attention to the duties of his office. )Iany difficult disputes regarding c;quatters' rights came before him. a we]] as attempts made by speculators to avoid the "actual settlement" required by statute, which 'fl'. )f(' abb ,opttlf>d trictIy on their merits. Hi son, ,John )f. )fcN'abb, now residing in the old home"tead at Southampton. i th(' possessor of It wonrlf'rful fund of reminis('f'n('C's of the early day of the county of Brucc. 2Sf'(> _\ppf'Jldix O. 52 HOW CONTRACTORS' CAl\IPS WERE FED The summer and fall of 1851 witnessed a busy scene along the western end of the Durham Road, arising from the carrying out of the contracts 1 let by the Government to chop and log the road from the lake eastward as far as Riversdale; from that point to the Greenock town-plot the contracts let were only for bridging and causewaying. Those whose contract was located at a distance from the lake had special obstacles to overcome, arising from the difficulty of obtaining necessary supplies. It is related regarding one of the contractor's camps, situated near a small clearing planted with potatoes, but left by the owner to take care of itself during his absence at the settlements, that on his return, instead of finding his expected winter's supply of potatoes ready to be gathered, found instead his field stripped. The necessities of the men in camp hav- ing led them to appropriate and consume his total crop, for which lawless action amends were made by paying the settler a fair price for what had been taken. :Meat for the men reached the camps in rather a novel way. "Paddy" 'Valker, who had a camp of his own to provide for, would drive a beast out to one of the camps in Greenock, there slaughter it, and divide up the meat with the other camps as he returned to his own in Kincardine, receiving remunera- tion enough to recoup him for his trouble. The various contracts above referred to were completed before winter set in, the total cost to the government for the same being !:1,004, exclusive of what was paid toward opening a road through the town-plot of Penetan- gore, which, however, was not completed until 1856. To enable settlers to reach the township of Elderslie, the survey of which was in progress that summer (1851), Ir. Jackson asked for tenders (July 14th, 1851) for the opening of what he termed the "Durham and Southampton Road," through the township of Brant. This line of road commenced at "Rosewell's Corners," on the north side of the Durham Road, between lots 15 and 16, thence along the side-line to the concession line between the fourth and fifth concessions, thence west to the front of concession "B," and along that, the present Elora Road, to the town-line of Elderslie. IThe following are the names of the various contractors, commencing at Lot 1, Kincardine, thence eastward: Wm. Sutton, Robert Stewart, Wm. Millar, Robert Brown, Andrew Horn, Francis "Talker, Wm. Armstrong, John Moffatt, James Thorn and Samuel Colwell in Kincardine. In Kinloss: Samuel Colwell, J. Eli Stauffer John Smith and Martin Meredith. In Greenock: John Sherridan, Da'vid Smith, Luke Chatreau, John McLean. For the bridge at Riversdale: Arch. Stewart and William McIntosh, and Hans Hawthorne for causewaying and culverts east of Riversdale. EXTENT OF ROADS OPE EO 53 The work of chopping, logging and opening up was completed that same season. l The work done in the way of opening up roads up to the end of 1851 throughout the county may be summed up by stating, that the Durham Road was cleared from the county-line, west to the lake, excepting a break extending from lot 1, Brant, to the Teeswater River, causewayed in all swampy places, and all streams spanned by substantial bridges, with similar work done on the road through Brant from the Durham Line to the boundary of Elderslie. Prior to the opening of the above-mentioned roads all settlements made in the county were at points situated on its borders (except- ing the case of )Iessrs. Orchard and Rowe, presently to be related) that were fairly accessible, as well as comparatively convenient to places from which supplies could be procured, such as Goderich and Durham, water carriage being obtained from the former by the lake, and from the latter by the Saugeen, which was utilized to float rafts bearing settlers and their effects as far as where 'Valkerton now stands. 2 _1 notable extension of this means of travel occurred in IThe following are the nameg of those who had contracts for opening up this road. Commencing at the Durham Road: Joseph Bacon, George Briggs, Arch. Stewart, James \Vilson, James Bacon, Hugh Young, Samuel T. Rowe and Simon Orchard. An explanation for the detour this road made in its way from the Durham to the Elora Roads is given in the chapter on "The Township of Brant." 2Regarding the navigation of the Saugeen, the following incidents may be noted: One adwnturesome Iri hman, named McMullen, who had resided on the Garafraxa Road, being desirous of living near Lake Huron, built at Durham, in October, 1849, a small scow, in which, with his wife, two small children and their fpw effects, he sailed down the river in safety to South- ampton, and thl'lIce to the vicinity of Penetangore, where he settled. In 1851, a man Jiving near Hanover, named Shupe, huilt a RCOW, and with the assistance of \Villiam Summers, sailed down the Saugeen to its mouth, and thence by lake to Goderich, where he purchased six or eight barrels of flour, "ith which he loaded his craft, and returncù hy the same TOutC. ('oming up the river was a laborious work, the rapids 'having to be sur- mounted by towing and poJing; one man wading in the water with a rope over his shoulders, "hile the other assisted by pushing with a long pole. The fo]]owing item appeart'd in the columns of the Paisley Advocate, in its issue of April 28th, 1876, and vividly refers to this subject of the navigation of the Saugccn: .. \Vhen the first steam sawmill, huilt in this county, wa" to be erected at Southampton, about twenty-five yeal" ago. it hecamC' a q\w!'tion how the large boiler could be brought to its de tination, a thcl"e wa" no road through the county. The boiler was conveyed to Han- OWl". if we rememher rightIJ'. and thl're left b.\" the side of the Raugcl'n to wait the turning up of some genius who would invent some method of taking it further. It was at last dl'cidcd to make an ironclad of it and float it down the rÎ\'cl". All the opening'! .were tightl.", plugged, and witb leVPTs and handspikes thc hugc boilpr wag started. rolling at a rapid rate down the stl'ep hank into the dl'ep river at the foot. The boiler, b('ing vl'ry hpn,"y. and 54 PIO.\EE.HS OF ELDEH::,LlE April, 1851, when a settlement wab made in the vcry heart of the county by Simon Orchard and his family. Arriving at \Valkerton by way of the Durham RQad, lIIr. Orchard constructed a raft on which he placed his family and belongings. Shoving off, the raft, with its venturesome passengers, floated down the rapid stream, whose banks at that time were covered by a dense, unbroken forest. Night found them at the junction of the augeen and Teeswater Rivers. Here Ir. Orchard pitched his camp for the night. On examining the 19cality in the morning he was so well satisfied with it that he determined to locate there. Using the boards of his raft for building material he soon erected a temporary shanty. Ir. Vidal and his party of surveyors made their appearance on the spot a day or so afterwards, and with their kindly assistance a log build- ing was put up. On :May. 9th, three weeks after )Ir. Orchard's arrival, he was joined by his friend, . T. Rowe. These two families formed the embryo settlement which later developed into the village of Paisley. This settlement in the centre of the county was not long without neighbors. David Lyons and Thomas Hembroff in the fall of 1851 took up lands at what afterward was known as Lockerby, some two miles distant from Paisley. They were not joined by their families, however, until the following spring. On the withdrawal of the re::;triction regarding settlement on the "free grants" in Greenock in April, 1851, a number of settlers poured into that township, and speedily the last of the" free grants" that were at all desirable to settle upon were taken up. Among those who settled in Greenock at this time were: ..Adam Ritchie, sen., and going down with great force, it at once disappeared with a tremendous splash. The experiment was voted a failure a"t the very commencement, and the costly concern was supposed to be lost, but while the disappointed navigators looked on with blank faces where their craft had disappeared, it came slowly to the surface, raising its black shape high above the water. The boiler, which had started on its way north without waiting for anyone t? take comman , was at once captured. and a dry cedar log lashed to each BIde, oars were rIgged, and away went the strangest craft that ever navig ted the Saugeen. The boiler was Rnfely taken to Southampton, passing Paisley ?n tI:e way down with a flag flying, and the heads of the great rivets show- mg lIke the scales of some huge !'ea monster. It was not unusual in those days for settlers to come down on rafts from far up the river, sometimes hringing their whole outfit on one crib. On one occasion, early in the morn- ing, a commodious raft passed where this village now is. On one end was a cow .with her ?alf ; .on the other, along with considerable baggage, was a cookmg stove, m whIch was a good fire, and while the enterprising settler was attending to thc navigation of his vessel. the good wife was busy at the stove getting breakfast ready. The smoke, which streamed from the elevated pipe, gave the moving raft the appearance of a rustic steamer in motion." EARLY LAKE VESSELS AND THEIR CAPTAI S 55 his sons, John B., Sterling and \Villiam D., also Hans, Thomas and Samuel Hawthorne, Alexander, ::;amuel and \Villiam Cunningham, Henry, James, Robert, \Yilliam and George Pinkerton. Settlers also located in Arran -about the same time, the mo::;t prominent of whom was George Gould and Richard Berford, who took up farm lots afterwards surveyed into the villages of Invermay and Tara. About the same time several settlers squatted upon the unsurveyed lands in Carrick, near the boundary of Brant. rrhe names of these were John Hogg, \.ndrew Hutton, Louis Fournier and Oliver Toronjeau. When the determination of some would-be settler became fixed to go into the backwoods nd take up a bush-farm in the county of Bruce, the question how to reach the eligible lands there opened for settlement was a most serious one. The completion of the two roads mentioned in a preceding paragraph, supplemented by similar work to be referred to hereafter, performed in 1852 and subsequently, solved the problem in a measure. The difficulties and hal'd hips that individual settlers surmounted "prior to the opening of these roads, have been outlined in yarious parts of this history. Those who settled in Kincardine and Huron Townships made use of the lake; in winter they entered the county by driving along its shore on the ice, or if they came during the season of navigation, they did so by sailing vessel. The two first settlers, \llan Cameron and \Villiam \Vithers, entered the county in this way, having been brought to the mouth of the Penetangore River by Capt. :Murray )IacGregor on his schooner, The Fly. Capt. IacGregor about this time '\as engaged largely in sailing to and from the Bruce )Iines, but as opportunity offered carried many a settler and his belongings to Penetangore or outharnpton. The first vessels to engage regularly in sailing from Goderich to county of Bruce ports date back to 18-19, and were limited in that year to two small craft, one of which was a dug-out canoe, of unusual dimensions for that description of craft, commanded by Abraham Holmes (referred to in the chapter on the township of Huron). The other was a two-mastf'd open sailboat, called the Wing and nïng, !=:ailf'd by Capt. 80per. These two vessels were Ruflicif'nt for all the traffic of that year. )Iany a settler in Bruce has kindly recollections of Capt. Duncan Rowan and of his estimable wife, who frequently sailed with him during his long career as a lake captain. In Chapter III. Capt. Rowan's early advent into Hru('f' i!1 relatf'd. Tn lR!)O hf' l:ticl a!=:idf' fhp woo(lman's 56 DANGERS OF THE LAKE axe to navigate the waters of Lake Huron. In that anù the follow- ing year he had command of a small schooner called the ltlary Ann. In the years 1852 to 1855 he sailed the E.mily, leaving that vessel in 1856 to take charge of the Ploughboy, the first steamer to sail regularly on the route from Det.roit and Windsor to Southampton. Another lake captain who as a man and as a sailor has the esteem of all who know him, is Capt. l\Iurdoch lcLeod. He commenced to engage in the trade along the lake about the same time as Capt. Rowan. Capt. :McLeod's first vessel on this route was the High- lander, which he sailed in the years 1850-51. In 1852-53 he com- manded the Waterwitch, and in 185-1, and for several years after, the Jlountaineer. William Rastall had a vessel built in the winter of 1851-52, at Kincardine, which bore the name of the Forest . Capt. John :Murray was in charge of her until sold to Capt. John Spence in 1854, who during the two previous seasons had sailed the Sea Gull. Another vessel on this route in 1853-54 was the Fairy, commanded by Capt. Edward Marlton, of qoderich. Of these vessels, many were but open boats, in some cases not nearly as staunch as those in com- mon use to-day by the fishermen on the lake. The names of the yarious vessels engaged in the lake traffic and of their captains haye been given in whåt may seem a somewhat detailed manner. _\.-s an excuse for this, the reader is asked to remember that hundreds of settlers found their way into the county of Bruce by their instru- mentality. Of these, those who survive and read the foregoing will note with pleasure the name of the vessel and of the captain that brought them safely over the waters of Lake Huron to their destina- tion; and they will recall the yoyage and the novelty of a prolonged sail in a small, over-Iadened craft. accentuated by incidents of danger,l for in those days there were no harbors of refuge or light- IThe fo1Iowing episode, written by Irs. John Reekie, late of Kincardine 'l'o\\ßship, details vividly the dangèrs and hardships referred to. After relating the particulars of the journey from Glengarry with her father (Archibald Sinclair, of Sinclair Comers, township of Bruce) and the rest of the family to Goderich, Mrs. Reekie goes on to say: "The only available transport. f.or the rest of the journe . was an open boat. In this we embarked after waItmg a few days for favorable winds. There were eighteen pas- sengers in nll. \Ve left port about S p.m. The night was dark and the lake rather rough. In about an hour or two the wind rose to such a gale that it was considered too great a risk to attempt to round Pine Point. The boat was accordingly headed for shore at a place ca.1Ied IS-Mile Creek-the only place where it was said a landin could be effected with safety. It was a perilou run, but it had to be made;. and as we went plun ing through the foammg breakers the boldest held hIS breath as it seemed that everv plunge might be the last. When we struck the bea'ch our little craft went to FIRST POST-OFFICES 57 houses to guide or warn. Such early voyagers can recall the unpleas- antness, especially to womcn and children, of being landed on the beach amid the hreakers as they rolled in and broke in foam on the sandy shore. for pier or wharf existed not, and of how many an article of freight or of personal effects wa:; wet and possibly ruined by water in being tran::iferred from the yessel to land. In \pril. IH51, the control of the postal system of the province was transferred from the British to the Canadian Government; as a result there was an extension of postal privileges in which Bruce participated. That summer a post-office was established át Kincardine and another at Southampton. l The postmasters of thl' e two offices were David :UacKendrick and Robert Reid, respectively. Prior to the e:-:tablishment of these offices all mail matter for Bruce had to be obtained at either Goàerich, Owcn Sound or Bentinck (Durham).2 Parliament wa;:: dis:"oln' tIle first !'!eHler!'! ('a111e into nruf'e wa as follows: nOfleridl r('('('Î\-ed a mail from J.ondon twif'e a w('('k. f'ony(','('d In- '"":1<:>h or horsC'hack; from Pr('ston thric(' a week, con- yey('ò hy f' :1f'h. 'nf'ntinf'k re('('h-e!1 a mail from nuelph once a week. con- Ye .('cl on hor,,('haf'k, Ow('n ounò re('('Ì\-('ò a mail from nl1elph once a week, C'om'('y('rl on hor"chaek ; from Bnrrie onf'e a wepk, conveyed 1ikewi!':(>. 58 WI TER, 1851-52 sented Huron and Bruce, was defeated by the Hon. l\Ialcolm Cam- eron, who, as a member of the Hincks-lVlorin Government, held the position of President of the Council. Before passing on to narrate the incidents of the following year, attention might be drawn to two events relating to the town of Kin- cardine, where in 1851 the first school in the county was established, and the establishing in the same year of the first settled pastorate of any denomination in the county, that of the Rev. Thomas Crews, of the Wesleyan :Methodist Church, whose congregation was organized with a membership of forty. Rev. :Mr. Crews was in charge of the congregation at Kincardine for the years 1851-2. The winter of 1851-52 was unusually severe; it was also noted by an excessive snowfall. The combination of these has caused its dark days to be well remembered by isolated settlers who had not laid in a large store of the necessities of life, as the difficulties of replenishing were under the circumstances almost insurmountable. 'Vith the opening of the spring of 1852, five parties of surveYOf8 were sent into the county by the government. Of these, one in charge of J. D. Daniels, P.L.S., was allotted the survey of the township of Carrick; to G. McPhilips, P.L.S., was allotted the survey of the town- ship of Culross; to E. R. Jones, P.L.S., the survey of that part of the township of Kinl{)ss not divided into farm lots by the early sur- veys of A. Wilkinson and A. P. Brough, referred to in Chapter II.; to C. )Iillar, P.L.S., was allotted the survey of the eastern part of the township of Bruce; and to Robt. 'Yalsh, P.L.S., the residue of the township of Greenock. The work of opening up the Owen Sound Post Road, as it was called, was busily prosecuted during the summer of 1852. The contracts for the same were let by A. ::\IcN abb, Crown Lands Agent. This road extended from Southampton to Owen Sound, via Bur- goyne and Invermay. Part of the required work thereon was the construction of the first bridge erected over the Saugeen, north of 'Yalkerton,1 Thomas Lee 2 and Thomas Godfrey being the ('ontractor . l::\Ir. McNabb on leaving Toronto to assume his new duties at South- ampton was supplied with $6,000 by the Government to be disbursed in the opening up of roads. On rendering a statement of contracts entered into, that for the hridge over the Saugeen was disallowed, the Crown Lands Depart- ment claiming it to be unauthorized as the O'rant had been made for roads and roads only. Until this bit of red-tape co ld be got round the money to nwet this obligation was raised on the joint personal note of Mr. McNabb and the Hon. Malcolm Cameron. (See also Appendix 0.) 2J'homas Lee filJed the position of postmaster at Southampton from 1857 until his death. FC'hruary 20th, 1901. OWEN oex D ROAD 59 The site was at Henry Boyle5', lot 21, conce;:,sion c, A," Arran. The contract for opening this road through the township of Arran was secured by George Gould l for nearly the whole way. The author has only been able to surmise the reasons why this road was opened up years before the more direct nsus are to be found in Appendix L. 64 BRANT POST-OFFICE increase of population the government established a mail route from Durham, extending west as far as Kincardine. On this route two post- offices in Brute were established,1 bearing the names of "Brant" and "Greenock." John Shennan received the appointment of post- master at Brant, a name retained until September 23rd, 1857, when the name of 'Yalkerton was given to it. 'fhe name of Greenock is still borne by the post-office, although the village is known as Ennis- killen. The officer who received the position of p08tmaster there was J. B. Ritchie. 2 In closing the narrative of the events of the year 1852, it may be noted that it marked the completion of the survey of the residue of Crownlanc1s in the county into farm lots; the last survey consisted of that part of the township of Greenock not includcd in the Durham Line' free grants." Previous to the organization of the Bureau of Agriculture in 1 b52, the annual grants made by Parliament for roads and bridges in Canada were expended under the direction of the Crown Lands Department. On September l.J:th, 1853, the 1Iinister of Agrieulture submittcd to the GO\Ternor-in-Council a scheme. which was adopted, recommending the opening of two roads which affected the IThe first post-office established in the county of Bruce, in nearl T every case, bore the name of the township in which they were located. Thus, the et.tlers in the township of Brant obtained their mail at u Brant P.O ,' and in like manner those in r reenoek at "Greenock P.O." The same rule apply- ing to Kinloss, Kincardine, Bruce, Saugeen and Arran, where the first post- oUice establi,,;hed bore the name of the township. The townships of Elderslie and Huron are the only exceptions to the rule among the townships settled prior to 1853. 2Mr. J. B. Ritchie supplies the following particulars regarding the Greenock post-office. After stating that he held the office of postmaster for sixteen years from the establishment of the office, he goes on to say: "Conan Keys (of Huron Township) was the first mail-carrier. His route was from Durham to Kincardine. a distance of 45 miles, which he traversed on foot once a week, each way. There were no horses here in those days, and even if there had heen, it would have been utterly impracticable for them to get along the road, owing to its being so rough. Themail was contained in a small bag, like a schoolboy's satchel, hung by straps over the carrier's shoulders, Ho,,, glad the settlers were to see themail-carriercoming.bring- ing news from friends, wives and sweethearts; it made the saying true, "Absence makes the heart grow weary." Cowan brought the first mail to Greenock post-office on October 9th, 1852, and continued the weekly routine for a year or so, when the route was divided, after which Cowan brought the mail from Kincardine as far only as Greenock. There he was met by old )11'. Hunter, of Durham, with the mail of his route. Matters went on in this way for some years, until. finally, the mail was made a daily one to and from 'Yalkerton and Kincardine." nO AT.[J :-'[:\TJ...\IR. p.125 ( .J 011 c: 11.1.1 FS 1'. !I; \ GF.ORt;E (:o'-LIJ P 93 .\u;\.. Ic X \HH ('ro" II Lallcl .\g-('lIt 1'. 51 D. GIBSOX, 8"l"PEHIXTENDEXT OF ROADS G5 county of Bruce. rrhe construction of these roads was entrusted to the supervision of David Gibson, P.L. ., of whom a gov- ernment report speaks as ,. a surveyor and civil engineer of high standing and long experience in forest surveys and in the con- struction of roads and bridges and other public works, which he ha;:; Lrought to bear most favorably in thc perforIllant:C of the duties ùevoh-ed upon him." 1 The appointment of )Ir. GiLson a::; Buperin- tendent of Colonization Hoads bears date of beptember 14th, 1h53. lIe IS here referred to at length, as his connection with the county of Brul'e, in the opening. of gO\ erUUlent ruaùs extenJeJ over a period of eight or tcn years. ....\S chief <.b:-:istanr .Mr. Gibson had 'Vm. Lj ons, P.L.S. The scheme referred to in the preceding paragraph, whjch pro- posed the making of the two roads known as (1) the Elora and (2) the 'Yoolwieh anù Huron (or ,. Wawanosh ..) Roads, was supplemented and cnlarged as follo\\ s: (3) The completion of the Durham Road ael"Os:-; Crcenock anù K.incanline to the village of l'cnetangore, chicfly cro:-:s-Iogginp; the swamps and reducing inequalities of the surface; ( 4) a road connecting the Elora and ydenham Roads along the town-line between EI{ler::;1ie aml Brant and eastward in Grey, thirty miles in all; (5) a road in Co. \Vellington with same object as (4); (G) a road along thc olltherly hOUlulary of the tmvn;:;hips of Car- rick, Culro s and Kin 10:5:5, uniting the Elura and \Vawanosh Roads; (1) a road in Co. \Vellington with . the same object as (ß); (8) a road south from Lucknow to the lands of the Canada Company; (9) a road between the town hip:, of Carfick and Culro::;s and south\\ anI a total distance of twenty lIIiles; (10) a road connccting Southampton and Sydenham, north of Derby and Arran (about fourtpcn and a half miles of this road were prc\ iously openell by 1\1 r. A. l\fcXabb, leaving seven miles to be madc) ; (11) a good winter roa part in the Rphe11ion of lR:17. AQ, onp of its It>aflpl"!'I he was inclif'tpd for hi.,h t.rp:bon. Tn the Provisional Govprnrnent spt up h.\" \\'jl1iam L.\'on 1[ackcTI7c. at Navy Island, 1\11'. Gibson held the position of compt rnll....r. 2Prohahly this opened in Arran thi year-" \rran;' nO\\' Invermay, and ",rest _\.rran;' HOW BUl'gO)lH'. TIH' tOWH::5hip of Bruce also was fortunate in hm ing a po t -otlice esta hli:-:llf'd bearing thc name of "Bruce." aml w:t:-: situated at what bel'ame known a Sinclair's Corners, Peter Binclair being the first postmaster. Huron Township was similarly favored; "Pine River" post-office was opened this year with J. W. Gamble as first postmaster. The first port of Custom within the county was established in 1853, the honor coming to BOl1thampton, which was known as the Port of augeen, )[r. J. )[cLean bcing- the fi '::it Tl'\enuc officer, who was succeeded by 'V. Keith. The "Big" Land ale, a" it i. ('ClnmlUllly I"all('d, at "hich tht' residue of Cro\\n and school lands ill thp county ,,,ere offered for sale (see Appendix K for copy of ad\ertiseml'llt). wa,,:: the great event in the county during thp year 1:-;51. Tlw date' of this sale was Scptcmber 27th. The lands then ofTered for sale had been sur- veyed into farm lots in some cases for several years, and in many casps had bpl'n squatted upon hy cntcl'pri ing pionel'l' . To make good thcir claim as quatters and retain their right::; to the lana settled upon it was neccssal'Y to have their names entered as pur- cha prs, makp a first paymf'nt, and obtain a lic('nsl' of ol:('upation. On the day named in tlw advertisement these settlcrs and othcr intt'lHling purchascrs appcarcd at Southalllpton t\\O or thrC'P thou- :1.ncl trong. rrhose who arc alive awl tcll of the trowel and ('"\:cit('- mpnt of the week or mort> thpy rpmainpcl in t1)(' villagc rt>late many amusing incidents. The limited aC'commodation of the village {.oula not begin to gi\'p hom:p room to the' throng, ancl hunclrl'(l!.: l('pt in shC'ds, others 68 THE ., BIG JJ LAND SALE unller the first stories of such buildings as stood on post::;, anti Illany harl to put up with :,ul'h rl'sting-placl' a::: could be found alllong the cedar and juniper hushes near the beach. The sole baker in the village was Hugh .McLaren, sen. (now of Port Elgin). The demand on him for b.read was so great that he had to work night and day; at the same time his shop door was kept closed so as to keep an unmanageable crowd out, but as soon as a baking was completed, loa\ es were handed out through a window to his hungry customers, whose struggles to secure SOme of the baking was so great that no timc to make change was allowed, and a "York shilling," or a .. quarter," a till' ea:,(' ll1ight he. \ra::: paid gladly hy those of the mob \\ lio werc fortunate enough to get to the window ere the supply of loaves, hot and steaming from the m en, was exhausted. Among the many gathered at iSouthampton were a large number of High- land Scotchmen, many of whom spoke English imperfectly. In some way, not clearly made known to the writer, a temporary race feud became manifest. One evening, when whiskey was flowing freely, and after several fights had tarted between the Highlanders and others, one fiery Celt ll10mlÌed a stump and shouted in his mother tongue, " Anyone who cannot speak the Gaelic, hit him." The natural clannish feeling of the Highlanders drew them together and bound by a common language they pre entea such a solid front that many that night who had never Leen known to utter a word of Gaelic were only too glad to u e an.\ :-,matrl'ring of it they may haye heard and rememhered, and ::;u escape a thrashing. The following extract from J. L [cNabb's paper on the history of the county throws further light on this exciting sale: ,. The Crown Lands Agent stood at the window of his office and the money was handed up to him. Ao quickly c1ill the bank bills roll in that he (li(l not ha \ e time to count thclll. hut tlue\\- tl11'111 into a large clothes basket, and when the basket was full put a cloth over it. In two days upwards of $5().OOO in cash wa thus taken in and $8.000 in draft:,. 1'he strain on the agent wa::: o great after some days that he waf; completely prostrated, and Doctor Haynes would not allow him to 110 any more hnsine::. for a week or so. In fact, if he had not taken the physician' ad,-ice his life \,ould have been in danger. It nwy he al1drd that two gentlempll volunteered to assist the agent, hut tbey also succumhed to the strain and g-a,p up." 'Yhy the go,ermnent hould bayc so long delayed opening up for ale thr lant1s refprrpc1 to in the foregoing paragraphs it is GENERAL ELECTlO ti9 now hard to ::;(1)"; most probahly it ,va::; departmental inertia, frolll which it was roused by a motion pa::;::.ed at the J une es;:-ioll of the Counties Council to the following effect: "That as there are now a great numher of sdtler::; l<.tt'ated within the :--, Yeral townships of (;r(,('llo('k, ('ulro . ('arriek. 13rlltf' and Kinlo:--::; in the eounty of Bnll'e, anù man}' of the:5<.' are lahoring under the greatest lli:,all- Yalltag(' for the want of roads, etc., in consequence of the lands wit hin the said townships noL beinf!: opened for ::;ale hy the p.m ern- ment, thus depriving the settlers therein from any chance of receiv- ing any benefit from the reserve fund of 2;:,. f.d. per aere, intended for opening roaùs, and also as many of the cttler::; ,dlO have Fquatted upon tlU' lanc1:-: within the 3Jid towll:,hips are pnùea,-orillg by unjust llleanlS to obtain and hold pO:--:-:d; iou of more laud than is alloweù by the reL:f'llt Land Act to each settler, and thus preventing many othcr good and acti,'e settler:-: from obtaining laud. and 50 materially retarding the progress and improvement of the said townships and the wealth and infhlC'lll'(' or thl':-'p united e()UIltil' , tbat the warden be instructed by this Council to represent the matter to the Govern- Ilor-in-Conncil and pt>tition him to IU1\e the lands within the said township:, opelleù fol' sale at tIll' earlip:,t ro:, ihlf' pel'ioriall - in price during these years,! owing to the Crimean W ar. Thi floocl of prosperity to the country, while it brought sunil' brightn s5 into the hard lot or the backwoods ettler, interfered with the earrying out of contra<-ts with the government which some of them had taken. to open up or improve roads. :Mr. David Gibson. ill his report anf'ut colonization road in this district, says: "Little progres had been made in 1854 owing to the scarcity and high prices of labor and provisions, succeeding a time, when the contracts were made, of mOf1eration in both. The difficulties of the contractors increased in 1R5!), during which labor and the nece si- ties of life attained price::; quite unprecedented in this sertion of country. Some of the contractors found themselves compelled to :ìn pend operations anLl relinquiRh their contrads:' Further on in his' report of work aCl'omplished during It\55, )Ir. Gibson says: ,; That the Elm'a ann :::'augcen Hoad Illay now he travelled between thrse places, and that with if'\\' e c('ptions the wholt-' works orip.ìÍll- ally intended to be l'xt-'c\.Üeu up"n it are now completed. But to make this a good summer road a considerable expenditure will yet be nece ary in le y elling. cros -waying and draining." Of the Dur- ham Road, Ur. Gibson :-:ays in the same report: " \..ll contracts finislwc1, except that in town-plot of Kincardine, where thp excava- tion of a hill a11(l :-:ome bric1ging- remain to be finishe(l." Of the Southampton and Oo[lerich } oad: "'This road is now open for travel oyer it:; wholl' extent, except a portion of the contract of Cowan Keys in n tUOII. This .oh truetion i::5. however, ohviateò by a small portion of thp 'Yawauosh Road adjoining- the lake being opened. by which the public get to thf' lakf' hol'e whirh it follows to Kincar- dine. There is also an obstruction at the point where the line crO l' t}1(' river "Penetangore, over which a bridge ha not yet been l\Vheat was sold in Ur13 on the Toronto market at 4s. (SOc.) per hushel, advanC'ing in lR.)4 to 9s. 8d. ($1.!)4). and in 18:).) to lIs. 9<<1. $ .3;}), a price never attained since. ROAD C'O TRACTS 7l built. " In a foot-note l i to be found the e'\:penditure on coloniza tion roads affecting the county of Bruce up to December 31st, 1855. The a11O\ e extracts from Ir. Gib on's report give a more flatter- ing account of what the roads in Bruce were like than would be f'oncurreù in by the general puhlic of that day. The author remem- hers a remark he heard In the fall of 1836 regarding the Durham Hoad, "There is only one mud-hole on the road, but it extends from \ralkerton to Kinf'ardine." The rnitetl Counties Coullcil of 1t>55 were determined to have good roads, and here are given e\..tracts from the minutes of each .. ::;ion held that year. :Sollie of the eÀ.prc:::;:::ìions used exhibited a breezy freshness unusual in County Council proceedings, and aU show a determination to agitate until what was wanted was obtained. They also cast a light upon the difficulties undergone in going to and from market. owill to the state the roads were in even as late as that year, and indeed for long after. Item 53, January session, reads: "This Council cannot refrain from eÀ.pressing fl'gTet that tht' road from Goderich to Saugeen is yet impassable even for sleighs although a grant of two thousand pounds was gh en hy g:overnlHL'nt." r tern 51, J \lne sesl:)jon, reads: ., That this Council is led to believe that'll'. Oih:-:on is only authorizrd to cut the underwood and make a sleigh track on the mail line of road between Haugeen and Goderich, making no provision for the opening up of the road to the full width. That a petition hL' fo:ent to the Hun'a II of Agrieulturc, pray- ing that it may lw (']lOl'pf'd this :-:eason to full width, SO that the trad\: may he kept dry and not form one vast mud-hole. or at least allow the stumps and root;:; to rot in oràN that Faiù roaù may at some future time he turnpikC'd:' .\t tllC' Dp('emh('f sl':o-slon a :-pecial eommitt<'e "as appointed to report nn a sclwlIle for gl'a\"el 1'0<1(1-..: for the united counties, in which 'Rtatl'ml'nt of f'XIH'nditnre on colonization roads, paid up to 31st Dcct'Ulher, IS,},;' ill county of Brucf'. Elora and angp('n Road Durhanl Road ...."."....."................ R.nlf'nham and Ronthampton "Ro!'ld ........... HOllthampton and Goa<>riC'h Road ,........... ('arrick ana Culross Rona ................... Eltler!'lie anù Brant Road ...... . \\'awnno h noad ........................... Proportion of Exppnditnrl' for )IanagenH'nt." ;to !'. d. 5,001 1 7 937 11 1 1,108 7 0 2,226 3 10 200 0 0 927 10 0 2,) 0 0 í 4 0 0 -Ell,1.íO 10 Ii 72 IUD TURTLES Bruce was to benefit by a gravel road from Goderich to Saugeen, and another from Kincardine to Hanoypr. The following is an e\:tract from the committee's report: "We only ask the public to look into the counties of Perth and l\Iiddlese'í and ask their neighbors how they like their gravel roads, as a speculation how do they find them pay? \Vhat do they think of the counties of Huron and Bruce for allowing themselves to con- tinue enveloped in mud, literally locked up for three months in the year, unable to proceed with their legitimate vocations and urge.nt business by the deplorable state of the so-called roads! \Vhat a cruel mockery to call such sloughs roads! The mere idea of them and what we have suffered in them during past months and years makes our blood run cold, How long are we to suffer such a state of things. how long allow a cloak of apathy, a narrow-minded and selfish policy, to chain us in the mud? Hard inneed would it be to !'uffer such aml not have power to improve our state. Still harder is it to have to endure such grievances and know and feel that noth- ing save a well-directed, thoroughly-understood action is required to place us in a state of comparative comfort, and in a position to hold up our head amongst neighboring counties, free from the foul impu- tation of beil1g styled ')[ud Turtles.'" The foregoing report, in as far as the county of Huron was con- cerned, resulted in a system of gravel roads, but thf' proposal for the gravelling of roads in Bruce was allowed to fall through. It was in 185f} that the first Division Court within the county was establi hed. Its limits were co-extensive with all the munici- palities therein. Christopher R. Barker held the office of clerk of this court, his office being at Kincardine. Before the erecting of other Division Courts il1 the county an iUlll1enSe amount of business came before it, as many as sm'en hundred cases being heard at one sitting, which would be. extended so as to occupy three nays. The ho1cling of the court broke in upon the sameness of life in the bush, and numbers used to be founn in attendance whose only reason for being present arose from the craving for a break in the monotony, for some excitement, mild though it may seem, the craving being the result of living the isolated life of a backwoodsman. The most numerous cases in the early courts were suits entered for the collec- tions of promissory notes given in payment for the " Brockville Air-tight Cooking Stove." This was the first of many articles which large numbers of the farmers of Bruce had been induced to FIRST DIVISION COLTRT 73 purchase, and ga\e their notes for, under tllf' peciou::; argument:, of travelling" agents anù lUHlf>r the promise of long credit. The l' stove men \\ere followed in later years by agents for fanning mills, sewing machines. organ , agricultural implements, etc., ùown to thc present (jay, in a proc(':-:sion that seems to ha\ e no cud" ffhe advent of the cooking stove, jus referred to, into the log- hantie . marked an ad\ance in pro::;pl'rity. The settler purchased one hecan:-:c he felt that he was getting Oil hi:-; feet financially, and therefore he woulù lighten the good wife's lahors, anù at the same time adù to the comfort of thcir homc. l>reviously the household cooking equipment consisted of a much-used frying pan, a cast-iron pot with legs, a tea kettle and a bake kettle, caJled by some a Dutch ov<.'n. This latter not bcing a familiar article to the pre:5l'lÜ genera- tion, its appearance and usc::, may as well be de:::,cribed. In shape it was a shallow, flat-bottoInf'c1 pot, t(,11 to fourteen inche::; ill diameter, standing about fh"e to six indIes high; the lid, like the body of the pot, was of ca:-it-iroll. and fittl'h:e that no\\ \\ ouhl bC' cooked in an oven, wa::; placed; the liù was thcn set on alHl eO\ ered oyer with hot a::;he::; and coals, the hf'at hayiJlg to he calelliated with judicious care. de:"pite which the fooù \rould often 1)(' hllrnt. All cooking was done at the open fire-place; the fire on the hearth not only did the cooking, but fur- nished aU the hpat. and in lIIany a shanty all the lig-ht they could afford. On .T ul)' 1::::t, lKZ>(i, tIll' law rcgaròing the election of lllembl'rs to thf> Lf'gislati\e Count'il of Canada ('alll(' into for('t'; prior to that datf' the ()Yernlllf'llt appoint(.a tl1l' lIl('lIlh('l' of the G pper Challlhcr. The )lPW law din,(.tpcl that they he l'leetL a ll\(l rptaill office for a tPl'm of pig-ht }'f'ars. TWr>1\l' di tricts \H rf' contested in the fall of lR5fi, Olll' of tlwse bping tll(' Saug-pen j)i tl'ict, ,,,hich consi:-;tl'd of thp (,ollnti(-' of Bruce. (hey awl the north part of 8illlCOl'. Tlh' eandi- dates "ere )[essrs. James Pat tun, John 1Ic1\Iurrich and James Beatty, the fOfJ!wl' of whom \ra::; c1ecteù afh'r an exciting rontc::;t. The o\"ernlllent, in addition to the expenditure m:lIll' for col- onization roads in Bruce in 1855-6, commenced to spend money on various harhor;;:. along the lake hore.l It was in the former of these 'Th f'ornmissiOlH'r of Pnhlie \Vorks. in his report mad!' in lS.ï.ï, says rpgardlllg La]{C Huron: " .\]ong tllf' entire sitlp of tll(' (':lIIada <"Ollst of this vnst ]nke thp m:uiut'r is who]h' unaided Lv l'ithpr litrhts or hon\"s, with tlil' px('('ption of the so1itary iig-ht nt r.od;'ri('h." 'I'hp report g;'es on to 1'('('011I lIIentl that lights 1)(' p]u('ed at Chantr.\" r slu nd, \\'h i tc Fish Island, and tlll' 18](' of ('ov('s. 1\ Iso that a pil'l" :iOO fpet in !t'ngt h h(' construdNl at Chantry Is]and. 74 THE "PLOl!GHllOY JJ year::; that Kin<.:arùine received its first help from the government toward its harbor. A breakwater was constructed at a point 150 yards north-we t of the end of the present pier; this breakwater \Va:::, howe\er,' washed away a few months afterward:; in a severe torm; its remains arc yet to be traced on tIll' bed of the lake at the tipot mentioned above. Encouraged po::-:sibly by the hope of harbors of safety and the promise of light-houses at Pine Point and Chantry Island, the lake ports in It;56, and from that time onwards until the opening of tlll' \V. G. & B. Hailway, were serypcl by steamboats, the Ploughboy being the first. he ran between Detroit and 80uthamp- ton, and \\ a commanded by Captain Duncan Howan. The wharf accommOllation along the coast was very meagre, there being only two in the county, one at Southampton ancl the other at Stoney Island, while at Kincardine there wa:::; none. From the latter port a large scow used to be rowed out to the steamer if the weather were fine to take off freight and pas::,engers'; if it were at all rough, they were lanòed at Stoney [ land. to the great indignation of the Kin- cardine people, who openly chargecl Captain Rowan with being too partial to StollPY Island bccause of his property there. 'fhe :,urn'y of the pellin;-;ula wa::: in progress during the years 1t;3.3-t;, being conducted in Amabel and Albemarle by Geo. Gould, for Chas. Rankin, P.L.S., and in the three northern townships by J. . Dennis, P.L.S., and H. r. Boulton, P.L.S. The Indian Department offered for sale at auction at Owen Sound, on 8eptem- ber 2nd, 1856, those lands lying in Amabel, Albemarle and in South- ampton north of the river. Prices then paid for the village lots were in some instances so high that on second thought the pur- chasers forfeited their deposit. :Many speculators purchased quan- tities of farm lands,. as there was no immediate settlement clause in the conditions of sale; this ten(len to rf'tarrl immediate settle- ment of this part of the county. 'rhe year 1856 marked the close of the ettlelllf'nt of that part of thf' county of Bruce as originally laid out, that is, of all of the county south of the township of Amabel. True, the Greenock swamp was still held by the Crown, and maybe a few undesirable farm lots elsewhere, but with this year land-seekers had to search for land in the Indian peninsula or elsewhere outside of the county. The ppninsula is not even yet all taken up, and owing to the rocky nature of large sections of it. it will he many years beforc this i accomplÜ;hed. although it may eventually be done by splling these unarable lands in blocks to be made use of as sheep farms. COMPOSITIOX OF THE SETTLERS OF BHCCE 75 Before closing that part of thi:o; history relating to the settlemellt of the county of Bruce, it is but fitting to write a few words regard- ing other things than the mere incidents of settlement and develop- llwnt. At length t1w time came wlwn it l:ould be aid that the county \\ ns settleù, that the land was aU taken up, but the (!uestion natnr- aUy ariscs, From "JH'llce came thcðe thou ands of settlers, thro\\ n together a,.: neighhors and fellow-citizens? How have the:v been fittell hy prf'viou training tor the work of opening up the bush, o that it may be made to feel the throb of civilization? In an earlier part of this chapter an effort was made to show that, with two exceptions, the settlf'ment cf the county "as about as mixed as it couItl well be. The eel1::iUS taken in 1861 gives a reliable bai:iis _ on \rhich to form an opinion a to the place of birth and of the religious denomination of tlwse early sdtlers. The five years intervening Let",een the close of this chapter and the taking of the census wit- nl' s('d, it is true. an incn'asl' in population within the county, but no material change in thf' c1Jarac o tPf of its inhabitant:,. From the ('pn u of HHil we glean the following statistie::; aô to place of birth of the people: Of Canadian hirth. 39 1'('r ('('Ill. (of course this indu(led many young childrcn horn in the county) ; of Scotch birth, 1 ' p"I' c('nt.; of T rish, 11 per ct'nL; of Engli!'h. 5 per cent.; of Ger- man, 4 per cent.; from the Lnitcd Statc:-:. ] pel' cent., and all others, ] per cpnt. In their rpligiol1 tendencic:-:, 41 }Wl" e('ut. WE're rre hy- tprians, 18 per cent. belonged to the Chureh of England, 16 per cent. \\erf' )fethodist-:. 12 per cent. Catholi(' . -J. 1'('1' l:'l'nto Haptist:-:. and 2 per CPIlL were Lutheran . \\hih therf' werp 1 pPl" cpnt. rattt:'red amonp- a number of othcr d('nominations. Uf these ::ipttlers a marked ('haractf'ri tic was that :--u many were young- coupleR commplwing life togethcr in the hush. It wa youth that was np('(led to fate and ('n(lure the har(hhir of tho p rady (laov , falling to the lot of hoth hushand and wife, and with brave hearts the youth of the country rpspnndecl and sought ant amI ma(lf' honws for thpm rh'"s in the backwoods. J)rohably the most marked characteristic of these early rttlprs was the wJlOle-hmrte..t the farm uf the present day and that of the period of which thil:) chapter relates i;:, the complete rr\"olutinn whidl hil:' taken place in regard to the heasts of hurden 011 the .farlJl. U the timp the bush wa open('(l up t1w slow, lJatient and enduring ox \\ a:; of far morf' ::;ervice than the more delicately organized horse eould 11a ve been. This fad wab recognized to sueh an extent that a team of hor:-,c::! in the po:-:SU;SiOll of a farmer during the day of the early etUeIllent wal:) almost un- known. 'Yhen th(' author arri\l.d at Kincardine in 1?),j(j there \\ere only three tealll::; uf hon.,es jn thl' village, and hc cannot recall any fa l"llH' L' in the vicinity who at that datc owned. or \\-lIrkl d, a team of hor::;t's. The pioneer who take::; up pl'3irie land III the far Wpst is enabled to obtain a hane::;t, ill returll for hilS laoor. during the \cry first year of his ttl('m('nt. \ el''y tlittcretlt \Va::; the lot of those who took IllJ a bush farlll in the heil\Y timbered land of the connty of Bruce. The pro('('ss of dearing \\(1-) a slow one; to l'bop, log unù burn fivt' or six acres was a fair season's work for the mall who had no capital. This work had to lw ac(,olllpli hea before the ground could be ploughe(l and plallte(l, while in the long jnteryal hetween the felling of the fir::;t tree amI tlu. reaping- of hi fir::;t hanest, the family had to hp ðu tainf'd. To do this rigifl pl:OllOm,\ and self-denial were l's::;en- tial; the lJIàjorit) of t h(' ::;ettlers po::;::;e:-:...;ed bllt st'allty lllCilll:-;, and to kel'p "the wolf from the door" ta)..ed thl':-:e to the utterll1o:;t. Tho:;l' \\ho prior to rntering the" Q\I('('n':, Bu:-:h" had hall :-:OIl1C l'xl'erielll"l' on a bush farm, through lWlng th(' \Hl of Canaflian farmers in thl' older ('ttlrlllent . pos::icsspd a great ad\antag(' 0\('1' those to whom e\crything in the hu h \\a:-- a no\clty, The forIller were able to wring 1IIu('h nut of th(' for(' t to hrlp them along financinlly. They coulò mak(' ox rokes and ox bO\\ for their less skillNI lll'ighnor . Thl'.v wen' ahlr. whpre cedar W.l ('on\(,lli('nt. to maul.lfacturr hillg-l\ for ale in the settll'm(,lIt. working long and lah- with frow (Ol ha\ing-- hOT c) and draw-knife to parn tlw B1O(leratr prir<' paier were plentiful. 11 any a settler has bLen able to stock his larder with venison, the result of a fortunate shot at a deer that. harl come at early dawn to feed on hi.. growing grain. frhe species of game which existed in greatest numberf', but which has entirely disappeared, even as the 1TIU:' author rN'ollects that his fatber bad at bis store, for sale, during " tlH' fifties." half a dozen pot-ash kettles wbicb were after a time duly sold, but the demand was not sufficient to warrant the stock being renewed. Then' was great difficulty in unloading from tbe small såi1ing vessels sucb a large, heavy mass of iron as a pot-ash kettle, where there were no whar.v('s on which to deliver them, and the smaH boats which landed ordinary freight not being of strong enough construction to undertake such an exacting task. Captain Rowan nspd to tell with some gusto how he got over the (1ifficu1ty by gently placing the big kettle into the water and then getting into it himself and paddling to shore. Without doubt the first instance of sailing in an iron vessel on Lake Huron. WILD PIGEONS 79 buffalo on the \r estern prairie, was the" iLd pigeon.! Those who have not seen the flocks of pigeon that flew over this count), frum their " rookery" in Grey, cannot imagine the number of hirds so cungre- gated, thousands and thousands, stretching out in a flock possibly half a mile long, so close together as to cast a shadow, and the whirr of their wings heing like tlw hHIll hUIll of machinery. The flocks in gencral flcw It)\\, so 10" that Illan) in..;tances are on rpcord of people knocking them do\\ n with a tick as they flew by. It was useless to fire a shot at the flock as the} ('ame toward you, acl the hot glanced off the thiek shield of feather:, which covered their breasts. The i'portsman-probably pot-hunter "uuld he the correct dcsignation- W01l1<1 wait until the flock was a little more than abreast of him beforC' pulling the trigger. As flocks in lllany cases followed one after another ovcr the same route, there wa no difficulty in p05ting ones splf to advantage, and in a short time fill the game bag. Pigeon pic was a common dish in those days, and founù in many of the :'octt ler's houses, where it wa::; much appreciated, for animal food was a rare article among them. This chapter cannot be more appropriately concluded than by quoting an old pioneer poem, written by Mr. David :Martin, of Beverly Township, county of 'Ventworth, a good many years ago, en ti tied : THE AULD NICK IN THE DOOR. Tn the rough old times, 1 n the tough oM timps. Of tWPIlty .pars agone, Tlwrp was nap a ('lock in the settlC'ment To tdl how the time went on; But we kpnnec1 very well whpn the day bpgan. \ ncl we kpIlnNl vpry well wlwn 'twas 0 'cr. _\ nd our r1innpr-bpll was the gude wife's shout, \Vhell the sun reached the nick in the door. 'About the last notice thp author has met with regarding willl pi eons in largp numbers is the following extract from the Pai.s7ey ..1c.lvocate of .\pril 2Stb, 1876: " The immense flocks of pigpons wbich have been flying ov{'r various parts of the country in au undl'cidC'd wa:v for the last wepk or t\\O have gath{'rpd in the township of .\malJel, in countless llUllllwrs, and have lwgun building. 'fhp nests arp in thousanùs. and many eggs lip on the ground owing to the hreaking down of branclws. The place is visiteù b . !'r'orps of persons who ar{' shooting the pigeoIls, and aU the shot in OWl'n Hound and Southampton seems to have becn firpd away as a telC'gram has hl'l'l1 received in Paisley asking for a supply." 80 THE AULD NICK I THE DOOR Cash, we had none, we were all alike, But we whacked awa' at the trees, And when summer came, ah, then we lwd The splores at the logging bees; 'fhe affairs 0' the kirk) the affairs 0' the state, _ "T (1 ge.ldom did review, But we talked and sang 0' our native lands, And faix we whiles got four Now fields are cleared, and every stump Has vanished from the-grounà; And now the ladies, bless them all, Are hoopit roullll and round. Now every house one time-piece has, And some have even more, And youngsters laugh at their mother's clock- The guid auld nick in the door. And now we blether politics, And knowing folk are we, And some oppose and some support The present ministry; But who is bought, and who is sold, And wherefore, why and how, We know as well as A, B, C, 0, what a difference now. r CHAPTER VI. THE OOUNTl'-TOWN CONTEST YEARS. 1857-1866. rHE e\ eut:; recordeJ in thi::. chapter maj lack the pi<:turesque- ne:;S of event..: associated with pioneer life, or thosf' attenuant u}Jon a life in the bush, but they in their own way ha ve had a marked influence in the evolution of the county of Bruce. The settling of the county-town question and the con:;tructioll of an extensive system of p-nl\el 1'0iHls. tIll' markc.a f('aturcs of the decade recorded in this chapter, did much to consolidate and develop the county. The necessary legislation ha\Ìng in view the separation of the united counties of Huron and Bruce was passed in Iay, 1856. In January following the reeves who were to compose the provision,ll municipal council of the county of Bruce were elected, but owing to the long fight over the county-town question and consequent delay in ercetion of thc county buildings, ten years elapsed before t}w separatioll from thl' county of Huron was compll'ted. In the interim each county carried on aU improvements for roaùs and bridge...; separately. rrhe provisional County Council of Bruce was organized ill thp lIlH JI1H' I' i\l's(.ribed ill the following extract from its Minutes: .. l'E \'COCK'S HOTEL, BOUTJIAMPTON, .. :March 19th, 1857. "rrhe Hcevcs and Dpputy Hf'c\ es of the scvc>ral Townships in the County met this day, pursuant to the warrant under the hand and cal of the High Shcriff of the United Counties of Huron and Brucc, for HIP sf'reral purposes for which Provisional :Municipal Councils are by la\\ erected. David IcKcnclrick, Esq., Heeve of the Town- ship of Kincardine, who wa::; appointed chairman by the said war- rant, having taken the chair. the following gentlemen took their seat::;, viz., Alexander :U cN abh, Hccvc, Raugeen; 'Villiam Riddell, R('e\c. Arran: G('orge Cromar. Hp(\vc, Grepnock; \lalcolm 1\IcLen- nan,l Heevp, Huron; 'Vi1liam )I all. ]:(,(,\"f'. TIrant; .T ohn Findlay. 1S c <,retary pro tem for this mecting. 8! 82 THE CONTEST COM IENCES Deputy Reeye, Brant; J o:;eph \Yalker, Deputy Reeye, Brant; Peter B. Drown, Heere, Culro:::::;; John Pun i:::ò, Reeve, Kinloss; Peter 1\lc- Y H:ar, liee\ e, Carrick; John Gillie::;, Hcerc, Elderslie; \..leÀander McKinnon, Reeye, Bruce." The (leputy ree\e of Kincardine, ichol Idntyre, was not pre::;cnt at the first meeting of the Council. Of the two deputy reeves prl':St'llt from Brant onl} one. J os, ph \Yalker, \Va::; permitted to sit. The first meeting elected George Uromar as provisional warden. The Council then adjourned to meet two days later at \Vaterson's Hotel, \Valkerton. At this meeting the Council, after appointing \Yilliam C. Bruce as county clerk, proceeded to select a fit and proper place to recommend to the Governor-General as the one to be me l tioned in his proclamation as the county town of Brnce. The place::; voted on and the \ otes taken were as follows: Greenock TOWIl Plot, 6: vs. Teeswater, 6.-\Yarden gave casting vote for Greenock Town Plot. Greenock Town Plot, 6: VS. Riversdale, 6.-Warden gave casting vote for Greenock Town Plot. Greenock Town Plot, 1: vs. vValkerton, 11. \Yalkerton, 8: r8. outhalllpton, 4. .Walkerton, 10: 1'8. lnverhuron, 2. Walkerton, 9: vs. Paisley, 3. \Y alkerton, 7 : v:;. Penetangore, 5. On the GO\ ernor-in-Council being informed of the result of the \ oting above mentioned, he by proclamation, issued 15th June, 1857', appointed \Valkerton as the county town of Bruce. This action, seemingly decisive in favor of Walkerton, was not to be acquiesced in by the \:\upporters of the claim::; made by other villages for the posses:-:ion of this coveted honor. So, when on July 8th the provi- sional County Council sat again, and on the introduction of a by-law to raise $24,000 by debentures to erect county buildings, it was moved in amendment, "That whereas a great and grievous dissatisfaction exists on the part of the ratepayers generally throughout the greater part of the county as to the action taken by the reeves at the last meeting of the provisional County Council of this county with regard to the county town. It is moved, therefore, that no by-law be at present published for raising money to erect county buildings at Walkerton." This amendment carried by a vote of 8 to 4. The next move in the game for the county town developed at a COUNTY OF WALLACE 3 succeeding meeting of the Council, held July 22nd, at "Kinnard's Hotel, Penetangore," when \ViUiam Hastall moved, seconueù by John Purvi:-:, "That it is expedient to dividp the county of Bruce and to form two countie thf'feof, the southern portion to be called the 'county of Bruce,' and to on ist of the following tuwnships, viz., Kincarùine, Huron, llrant, Kinlo!'.=J, Culross, outh Greenol:k and Carrick, with Penetangore or Hi, ersdale for ounty town; the northern portion to be called the' county of \Vallace; and to con- sist of the following town hips, viz" Bruce, ..\rran, Amabel, Linrlsay, Sallgeen, Elderslie, \.lbelllarle, Eastnor, St. Edmunc1:-: a11r1 that part of Greenock north of thf' line betwecn Brant and Elderslie, with :::'outhampton for the county town." The amendment to the above motion i::; very pungent in its expression. It i a:; follows: "That it is only a few wpehs sincc HI(' ullitetl coulltie:; of Huron anu Bruce have been separated by Hoyal Proclamation; it is as uncalled for, impudent and illegal to ask a second separation and divide the infant county of Bruce as it would be contemptible in the eyes of the com- munity." The motion (.arricil and an alhcrtisement of application for legislation to the above effcct appeared in the Gazette. At the 1'ame 6ession a motion passed authorizing a by-law to be published to raise $32,000 to erect county buildings at Penetangore and South- ampton, and to take steps to have a Bill passed by the Legislature to confirm the steps taken by the provisional Council. .\t the Octoher meeting the action rclining to the division of i he county and issue of thf' denpntures waf' revoked, and the fonowing motion passed, "That a special Act be applied for by this Council at the next meeting 'of the Legislature for the purpose of empowering the Governor-General to reconsider the proclaiming of a county town for th.. county of Bruce, and empowering him to proclaim eitlwr Penetangore, Hiversdale, Walkerton, Paisley. or Southampton, aftcr cach of the above-named places has been allowed to present their 8(>\"rral claims, to be named as the county town of Bruce, the same a if no proclamation hll<1 p\-er bcpn issued. ", Yet this motion was not allmH'(1 to 1't:md, and the warr1(>]l at the first Jlwpting in the fol- lowing year was instructed to withdraw the notice of application; so aftpr all tlIp shifts and turns made during the year Walkcrton at tlw ('11(1 of 18:>7 ßtill hpld pos (>s ion of the title of county town, empty and barren though it might be. The vacillating coursc pur- sued by the provisional County Council throughout the year shows what firlppts at "log- rolling" and" wire pulling" existed in tho rlaY . 84 EXIT "PENETANGORE" To have a railway enter the county and conne('t it with uutside lllarket8 ,"a:, a hope long cherishell by the citizen'S of Bruce, but many yearF slipped by before the hope materialized and became a reality. That the railway did not come sooner wa::; not from want of effort on the part of Brllee. In 1t)5, a proposal was being con- sidered to lmild a line, to be known a::; the orth 'Vestern Railroal I, from Guelph to some point un the Durham Road. Sanford Flem- ing. C.B., was at the ba('k of it. The provisional County Council thought so well of the proposition that it was prepared to vote f100,- 000 towards it, and had the Legislature pass an Act l to authorize the county to take stock in the railroad company to that extent. For ome reason unknown to the author this railway was never gone Oil with, and the memory of a name is all that remains of it. Another proposal was befol'" the county in ]::;5... one to spend 1::100,00U in making graH'l rf)ad . Thi Fdlf>me had as abortivc a ü'l'lIlination a:-: that which ('harac-terizpd the orth-Wt-'8trrn Railway. .\ special meeting of the United Counties Council was held 30th Decem- ber, 1 37. to consider a by-law to issue dehenture;:; for f:100,000 for the ahove-mentioned purpose. It was read a first time and directecl to be puhlishcll. The Council adjourned to meet at Rowe's Hotel, Paisley, at the expiration of the proper time for advertizing the by-law; but without further comment, as far as the minutes of the Council show, the matter here dropped. Not a word of explanation is given why this was so. 'Vith the allH'llt of the year 185b the first village municipality within the cuunty came into f''\i:-:t.ence. Kincardine village had a census takf'n during 1857 which showed that it possessed a popula- tion of 837, and was therefore entitled to commence a separate muni- cipal career as a village, which it did 1st January. 1858, and for- ever Jroppec1 it::,; double name of Penetangore. Southampton like- wise attained the position of a municipality in the same year, being created a village by Act of Parliament,2 assented to 24th July, 1858. Among the townships during the same year there was one municipal change to be recorded. To quote the words of the by-law, "The newly laid out town hip of Albemarle" was on the 1st J anuan- united for l1mnici!ml purposes to Arran and \.mabel. During 1858 the struggle for the county town was as bitter and intense as in the preceding' year. As the result of a petition of the 120 Vie. Chnp. 7R. 222 Vit'o Chap. 42. OPEXI G OF RAILWAY TO GODERICH 85 County Council, Parliament pa::5sed on August 1Uth an \.ctl void- ing the appointment of Walkerton as county to\\ n, and directing that the selection shall be left with the Governor-in-Council, and pro- viding that each place shall present itJS claims to the Governor-in- Council before the 1st of October. rrhat the decision given shall be ti.nal, and that the provisional Council shall before action be taken pass a valid by-law proÜding the nccessary supplies. In December the COlIDcil passed a by-law to rai:5e ;Þ24,OUU for the erection of the necessary county huildings, hut owing to some informality thi o,\-la\\ wm: dedan.c1 imalia. Plans awl prl"Ífica- tions had been advertised for 2 and were examined at this session. but nothing- definiÌt.' wa:-- dOIlf' to forward t1w eredioll of the huildings. \Vith the Opf'1l iJlg of t)1(' raih\ a - to (;otl{'rieh on .1 nne . th, 1858, aml the establiF-:lll1ll'nt of a daily mail to Killl"arc1iul'.; tilt' jnhauitant...; of tIll' laUpr plal"c fl'lt tlwmselYes tn he no long(.r outside of the great worll1. The Toronto daily papf'I":- were oul.\T a (hi) old when received, md a delay like that was promptlle itself compared to thc past rf'cord. Other parts of the county were not favored so highly as KincardiIlP, and waited for year!' for a (laily mai1. Thf' offi('{' of tre l:-:nrer for tIll.' I.'ount.'" of Bru('c Iltuing tlw fin t )'ear of the provisional County Council was filled by George Brown. trpa urer of t1w unih'd countif':-:. His ot'ticc was at Goùeridl; which proved somewhat inconycnient, so thl' provisional County Council at its first mceting in 18.jR appointc'd the warch.n of the previou::; year. nPOrge Uromar. a county 1reasuw:'r. r('hi:-; appointnH'ut bears dab.' .\pril ] -1-th, 18!)X. The otTi(.(' of wardl'll for thf' ypar 1 .) wa filled hy .T ohn Puni:,. rcrve of the town hiJ' of Kinlo ,.;. The umnlf'r of 185b was onr long to he relllemben'd in this part of H1I' rrovÏIll'(' of Ontario on a(,(,O\1nt of tlw long and eVNe rlrought. If tll(' recol1el'Ìioll of tll(' wrih.r if: l'orrrd IlO rain fell hetwP('1l J lInp 2:hrl and A\1gn t 11th in that '('al". rrhl' 1'(':,1I1t was an utter failure of thf' rrops. rrhe han,.:-:t of lX;)X wa,;. in nun1\' ra l' hardl.\ worth 122 Vic. Chap. 1fT. 2Thcrl' is ill tht, oftiC'{' of till' count,' ('It'rk a "Ifill drawn up in rt'!I'Hlnst' to this 3dvf'rti Wlllt'nt, sUIIt'rsl'rihf'd as follo\\s: .. Plan of Tht' ('ourt-Hollst. anò .Tail,- 7\illlm s, C. 'V. n,'" \Villiam Thomas ð.. Sons, .\r('hitl'ds. ']"oTnnto :md Hamilton. Df'(' 21st 18.ïS." This is tht' olllv tr:lI"t' that tilt' authur has nlf't with that' II Ki'nloss" \\aM in th.. rat.t: for tlu. t"ollnÍ\ to,"n, though possi hly thl' fad of t hl' \\ ar<1l'll '!I post-Omt't' aò,l rf's lwi nJ! I I Kinloss " nmy ha\'c It'(l th(' arC'hitl'cts h) sUI'POSt' tht' t'ount., tOWI1 was thprp. 3This nwil st'rvit't' \\ as l':trrit'd on honH'hal'k from not!Nit'h. 6 " STAR\' ATlON YEAH JJ gathering. This to numbers of inilustrious settlers meant nothing le:-: than starvation; they had but a few years previously taken up their lands; what little means they had at first sufficed only to sustain them until enough land had ùeell clearcd to raise their first crop; with no reserve accumulated it was a dreadful outlook for them, no crops and no money. Is it to be wondered at that the year from thc harvest time of 183S to that of 1859 will be remembered in this county by those who re::nded hcre then as "starvation year." The feature of the year 1859 which stands out as the most prom- inent is thc distress arising from the failure of the hanest in the preceding year. The direful prospect that stared many of thp people of Bruce was realized by the County Council, which at its first meet- ing. held on Fehruary -Hh and 5th, appointed a special committee to report on the destitution then prevailing and to suggest what measures should be adopted to relieve it. The report made by this committee is to be found printed as Appendix P, which s worthy of a careful perusal. The result of the report was the passing of a by-law to raisc by mean;; of dehentures the sum of eight thousand five hundred pounds currency, "for providing means to relie\ e the destitution. existing and increasing, in the county of Bruce, and to supply a sufficiency of seed grain and provisions for the inhabitants, prior to the ensuing harvest." Such a by-law to be legal required to be confirmed by Act of Parliament, which was done. l The deben- tnr0S WNt' very con id('fatply cashcd at par by the government, so aying the county any discount or ilelay. TI1(' money so rais9c1 was paid over to the minor municipalities as required as soon as its Coun- cil had passed a valid by-law undertakinp- to issue dehentures, pay- able in ten years, for a sum equal to the amount received from the county, and also binding the local municipality to expend the amount so received in improving roads. thus giving employment to those in need. The proportion of money allocated to the different munici- palities varied accordin to the amount of distress therein. The particulars of this distribution are as follows: To Arran 1:2,500. Brant f2,OOO, Bruce f5,-!OO. Carrick f2.000, Culross i2,70 0 , Elc1erslie, i3,600, Greenock f'2,700, IT uron f-l.400, Kincardine t:5AOO. Kinloss 1:2,700, Kincardine village 1:600. That the reader may form an idea of the manner in which the funds so placed in the hand of the minor municipalities was used to relieve the widespreacl needs. some '22 Vie. Chap 7. Passed March 26th, 1859. DE::;TITCTION RELIEYED 7 e:\.tracts taken from the regulations adopted by the Council of the township of Bruce are here given; these may be accepted as a sample of the general pmctice in other municipalities, all of whil'h pur<.;hased seed grain and flour for distribution as needed. The e:\.tract is as follow:-:: "That not more than fiyp bushels of seerl grain he i ued to anyone ratepayer until all are sèned, when if a balance remains it shall be rateably distributed among such as were not fully supplied. That the seed be old at an a<.hance of one shilling and dU"el' pence per bu:::hel 0\ er co:"t price, and that in all cases when the ame is paid for in road work this sum shall be deducted from the face of the note. That ratepayers entitled to receive seed grain, who han not performed work, shall be entitled to recei\e an allow- allce of hre.adstun' nut e'.ceedillg fifteeu poulld:3 per head, for the preseut, and this after signing a declaration setting forth the nature of the case and that relief was required:' The author here gives some extracts from the Bruce Township Council minute<;; of .T une l th, IH.,)H, which forcihly illu....tratf' the prC'\ ailing di tres:5. .. That disclaiming any desire un the part of this Council to interfere with matters beyond their jurisdiction, the members of the Council would beg most respectfully tu draw the attention of :Mr. Gibson (Supt. of Colonization Roads) to the suffer- ings C'ndl1l'(,c1 by many of those pcrfolïllillg" work on tlw Goderich and al1gC'f'n Hnad for want of food, and requP:,t him if convC'uient to open a l'redit with some party or partie:; for the supply of hread- stuffs until the jolJS are completed.... Again," That the corn meal orc1crC'd for the relief of destitution he depositec1 with :Mr. )[acfar- lane, at Port Bruce, to be given out as usual on road cI,rtificatl's, P Cf'pt in extreme cases, when he will takl notf':-:, payahl,> in work or mUIlC'.\', for the amount arh aueeù.. That. as a gelwml rult-', rpgard he tl'if't1.v h:1I1 to the ('irrllm tan('r of parti( 1'C'C)uiring meal, the preference bping- gÏ\en to weak families, it being expected that families con:-:isting of Ì\\ 0 or more able-boc1ied yonng men will shift for themselves without calling upon the Council." Re i(J(>s the relief furnished by the prompt action of tll(' pro- visional County Council, contributions camp in from outside points, among UlI'm onw from Scot1:mc1. The Granò rrl'llnk Railway aided materialJy, considerately reducing its frright rates 50 p<>r cl'nt. on grain and provision sent on to the Illuniri palitins. TJlI' steamf'r Jsland('r, running from ly torn up; bllt there being a full sense of humor in the Campbells, they ordrrt'd IIuYl"k to cat up the torn fragments. A sorry meal it was to partake of, but it wa a ca!'p of eat or Of' shot. ...\ JlH'al of papPI' i:-: not o Ill' to lit' rapidly finished, and Huyck, like man} a greedy boy wht'1\ he ha::; a chance at a pile of eake . poeketpll a part of hi:-: fart . allll t}w:-:I.' part:-: of the torn and dismemhered warrant were afterwards pa,.;ted togeth'r and produced at the trial of Colin Camphel1 at Goderi...h. ::'uch all open dcfiance of law startled the community, and thp nece sity for vigorous and prompt measures wa felt. Judge Cooper dirl'cted that a pos c of constables be collectf'll. Buf1icif'ut in num!}(.'r to enforcè the execution of the warrant. The writer remembers seeing- a waggon starting for 'Valkerton from Kineardine fillpd with cOll table8. each onp "ith a riflp or hot gun. 1'11(' PO";":f' or (.(),, tahl(',.; Oil arriving at 90 CAMPBELL GANG BROKE UP Campbell'sl surrounded the building and demanded the surrender of all in the house, seven n:en i!l all. The reply was a prompt refusal, with a warning that if they did not leave the premises tlll''y must take the consequences. Defiantly the seven armed men stood at the windows, pointing their guns at any who came too near. rr. Jamieson. the magistrate in charge, endeavored to point out the uselessness of resisting the law, but his reasoning had no weight with the Campbells, or )IcJ\Iahon, who was very wild. ome excited constables set fire to the house, but the wiser and more sober-minded knew that they neither had authority to do so, or yet to be the first to open fire upon these defiers of the law; but a second time the flames were started, and this time the Campbells, to save being burnt to death. were forced to make a break for liberty. They camc out of the building holding their rifles at full cock ready to fire if touched. The great bulk of the constables thought it best to be out of the way, and sought shelter behind the house. ]eaying a number, too few, howewr, tll attempt HIP task of arrestiug' the gang a..; they rushed down the sic1p-line to the woods for shelter. Colin Campbell and another of the gang. 'Yilliam ]\'[cMaholl. while on the run were shot in the hack with a charge of buck-shot. Being unable to obtain proper attf'ntion in the wood.:;. Campbell gave him elf up an.1 wa tried at Goderich at the next A:;:size. and sentenced to a term in the penitentiary. The family years after moved to 1anitoulin Island and pnrchaRrd the property of Jos. 'Valker. the founder of the county town. then lately deceased. .L\ law suit was entered hy Camphl'll again t those who hail takpn part in the Imrning of hÜ: house. which was tripd at Owrn Sound. thf' ilpfpnrlants winning thC'i.r caRe'. ..'\lthough a decade had elapsen since the g-overnmf'nt had com- mencerl the opening np of the main roach in Brnce. the work was far from being completed in 1859. David Gibson, in hi report of the work of that year, says: "In April contraets were let to the extent of ${LOOO for making the Sangel>n and Goderich Road { a 8um- mrr foa(1: At that time much privation and distre p Wl'l'e reported to preyail along the line of road. To give' employment to as many of the needy settlers as possible, the work was let in sections of five- eighthc;: of a mile each. ln this way a great man T were enabled to Dlakp R little money and relieve themselves of the severe' pre ure upon them. 'lost of the contracts have he en completed. The whole 1.TUTH' Rth. 1859. AL IOS1' A SHIPWRECK 91 of the roaù lying in the county of ßrH(:p has now been deareù of timùer to the width of 44 feet and chopped to the wiùth of G6 feet. A considerable amount of causewaying has been laiil, a,.; ,\ ell as cxtensi\'e ditching on both sides of the road, and the stumps on the spaee between the ditche grubbed and removed." Reading between the lines of the foregoing extract, it is not difficult to imagine what this road, and many others in Bruce, as well, were like, even after ten years or more of settlement. A shipwreck, that would have been llotahlp in the hi tory of Canada, nearly oecurred (.T uly 3rd. 1839) on the rOt:ky cliff:-:- which form the coast line along the north end of the Bruct-' peninsula. The steamer Ploughúoy, having on board an èxcur:-;ion party con:,isting of several members of thf' ministry and a number of members of the House of ParliaIlH"ut, was on a trip to ault 8te. :Marie. During a severe galf' an accident happened to somt.> of the machinery, render- ing the vessel perfectly hplples , so that slw driftell at the mercy of the wind and wave:'. ...\.;: tlwy neared the precipitous roek:::. hope was almo t given up. A.; a In!':t l'PC;;ort thp anchor with full length of cahle wa:; let out, but owing to thp depth of wat('r it did not catch until the steamer was within ahout fifty yarù of the perpcmlirular cliff. when it held firmly. The scene on board, as df' crjbed afh>r they had all reachpd a plal:e of safety, had some comical feature:;. 'rhc pro):)pect of imuH'diate dt'ath made every onp Feel the desirability of holding f:ome r('ligiou l'rvi("e, hut tlwrp was nnt a 2ul on board who had any pretension to 1(' ahle to l'ondud an :-:-orl of a 1I1eet illg hut a political one, or to po::; e:,.;:ing any of tIll' qualifiloation,.; lookt'd for in a leader of a religiou:, lIlPl'ting. ft \Va!': th('J"(.fol't' forc('ll on the Speaker of t1w House, :::;ir Harry Hmith, to retlù thl' prayer;; for tho (' in peril on tllP SPa. \rhilf' thr tpnlller remained ill thi;o; P lriloll 1'IIsition in the midst of the boiling surf, the lives of aU on board dppending" upon the stability of thp cahle, Duncan )fcLe'lll. fir:-:-t mate õn the steame>r (a brotl1Pr-in-law of Capt. DUlle-ëln l{owall, of Kincardine) got a few of thp ere>w to \olunteer to ro\\ with hilll throup-h the stormy waters to Owpn ouna, which vI'ldure llllIe hip. for S1lch a small noat in ';'{uch a gale>. Wve of Greenock. Owing to the l'-xtC'nt of the> di:;;t.f''';s which prcyailcc1 in that ymr, t1w i nf' awl al(1 of Ill'\) 'ntll)"I" to 92 FIRST nRA:\DIAR SCHUOL Il1l'et it, and also the cuunty building debenture by-law being twic :,ulJluitted to the ratepayers, Mr. \ alentine's duties WLrè more thùn usually OllerOll . Hi successor, Ir. John Bruce, reeve of Brant, tne warden for l liO, had much le::;s arduous duties to occupy him during hi terlll of office. The year l (jO was comparatively uneventful as far as the county of Bruce was concerned. A bountiful harvest bles8ed the year, the s..tle of which brought into the hands of many a poor farmer of Brul"e more money than he haJ cyer been the possessor of since he had entered the bu h. The county town question 8till dragged. its weary way along with- out coming any nearer a final decision. In 185t1 the question had hecn referred to the Governor-General, who was then asl'l..eJ to select a place. That. year and the following pa ::;ed without a place being named. The rca on for delay i8 rcvealed by the purport of a letter \\Tittpn on the 3ht. May by the .Provincial 8ecrctarj I in which he asks, "That the County Council give an opinion as to the most desir- abll- place to name a::i county town, as owing to the contradidory statements of different municipalitid, laill before His Exce;Iency the Governor-General, it was difficult to arrive at a decision." The County Council by a majority of two carricll a motion to the effect that His .Excellency the Governor-Genf'ral f'hould seh,(.'t either one of the t\\-O ,'illages, Kinl"ill'lliue or 'Valkerton, tl1P reason assigned heing that each of these were located on the Durham Road. On the Hth K ovember the Governor-GcneraP for the second time proclaimed 'Valkerton as the county town. The December se sion of the County Council, after most exciting discussions, select cd plans for the county building , but took no steps as to finding a site therefor, leaving that. qm'stion to be settled by its 8UCCeSSorf'. The cause of higher education in the county took a marked step in 18ßO when the grammar ;:;dlOOI at Kincardine, the first in the county, was established. uuthampton made an effort at the sam,' time to obtain a similar school, but failed to securp the consent of the County Council to this request. The year 1861 saw a change in the county officers. W. C. Bruce, who had acted as provi :ional clerk from the first, resigned his office at the beginning of this year. He was succeeded by the lab George lSir w. F. \Villiams was, at the above date, the administrator of the Government, anfl the prodamation bears his signature. GEORGE GOULD 93 Gould,1 who fillcd. the po ition until hi:; resignation in Deecmber. um3. During this long term of office the unvarying kind lines, of heart and manner so characteristic of :Mr. Gould, combined with his willingness to oblige, made him the most popular of public offic..'I':--. During the summer of this year Il". George Crolllar, the provisional county treasurer, died. :Mr. Cromar entered upon the duties of this office in 1858. During his absence in deotland in the following year an issue of debentures had to be signed by the county treasurer. It was therefore necessary to appoint someone to do so in his ab::.ellce. Thomas Corrigan" a:; under these circumstances mane treasurer until )[ 1'. Cromar's return, when the latter gentleman was re-appoilltccL On )[r. Cromar's death r r. Corrigan received the appointment. to the office so vacated, the date bcing August 16th, 1861. In this year :Mr. John Purvis once more filled the warden's chair, it being the Eccond time thc honor wa:-; conferred upon hi m. The gencral census taken in UHî1 shows what strides the county of HnH'C' took in its infant da :; By this census we learn that dur- ing the nine years intervpning between it anrl. the preceding one, the population of the county increased from 2,b31 to 2ì'.4!J!J, almost ten fold, whilst the assessment in the same period increa ecl from n7,HHì to $3,9!)7.1R7, an increa5c of over twenty-sevcn fold. This year witnessed another determined fight for the county town in the provisional County Council. No time was lost in commencing ho:,tilitil' , a we finel at the first me'-'ting of thc )'par a motion was rac:: e(l to petition Parliamcnt to avoid the proclamation naming \ralkerton the ('ounty town ancl to divi(le the county into two coun- 1 ÎP:". tll(' clivic1ing line to he the' town line of Brant and Elder lie, the 17th and 18th concessions of Greenock ana thc 7th and 8th con- IGeorg'p Gould was born at Enlliskillen, Ire]and, Kovemher .:;th, Ih O. \Vhell nine 'Nlrs of nge he rame with his parPllts to ('anada, ana l"('sided at Toronto for some time. His father and grandfather both were soldiers, tlw former hoJding a rommission in thp 86th Regiment. Mr, Gould received his eduration at ashvilJe, 'l'ennessee. The southern cJimnte not agreeing "ith him, he returned to Canada in '1845, and pursued the profession of surve;ror. IIe assisted in the Aurvey of five townships in the county of Grey, and a]80 of Arran, Amabe], and AJbemarJc, in Brurc. He was one of the first to takp up land in Arran, the location being where Inn'rmny now is. He fined the position of county cJprk of Brurc from l (il until shorUv' hf'fore his death. "hirh orrurrf'd in Februarv, 1 "'!)(ì. His son, Wj]]inri1 fo'. Gou]d, su('rPNlpd to his office. Ifp married on .Tanuar:- ] 9th, 1 R!)3, Elizn hpth Snowdf'n, of Owen Sound. Their hlUiJ ' consistcd of fonr sons and two daughtprs. Mr. Gou]d's name is frequ('ntl . men- tioned in this history, h(> hnving filh'd man ' prominent rositioJls. In private ]ife he was most porulnr and highly P:-tpI'IIU'(l. 94 JOSEPH W ALKER'S )IANDAMU cessions of Bruce. The south part was to he called the county of Bruce and the north the county of Saugeen, with Kincardine and Southampton as the respective county towns. This action of the County Council was met by Joseph Walker, Walkerton's champion, obtaining a mandamus nisi asking the Council to show cause why the erection of the county building::; should not be proceeded with at 'Yalkertoll.. The council defended the suit and ultimately WOol the case, but eÀperienced considerable difficult) in recovering their costs. The loss of this lawsuit did not discourage Joseph Walkcr; whatever effect it IDay have had upon his friends. he still showed fight, and commenced without delay another suit. This time he sought to obtain a mandamus directing that the county building::; debentures be sold, and also directing that the Íund so obtained be used for the purpose specified in the debenture by-law. The County Council defended this suit also, and again came out victor in this contest in the court::;, .30 that the )ear clo!'ed with the county town dispute heing as unsettled as ever. The harvPRt of 18ßl was much below an average one. 'rhis fact was used as the basis of a petition forwarded by the County Council to the Governor-in-Council, "To remit the accumulated interest up to tlIp end (If tlw y<,ar, and to extend the term for payment of pur- cha e money of tl\p public lands in the county of Bruce." The Crown Lands Department having given notice that payment must be made. \.hout the 8:11111' time (March 6th, 1861) an order rescinding the Land Improvement FundI was issued by the Governor-in-CounciL The payments received from this fund by the various local munici- palities had enabled much work to be done in the way of opening up township roads. Possibly on account of the action of the gOVl rn- ment, the United Counties Council passed a by-law to expend $2,050 during this year on the roads in Bruce, This wa::, the :first grant of a comprehensive nature known to the county, though not the last by any means. The sole change among the municipalities of the county during the year 1861 wa the advent of the united townships of Amabel and Albemarle as a separate municipality, the union of these two town- ships with Ar an having been dissolved by by-law of the United Counties Council, passed in September previous. The first reeve of this new municipality was the Rev. Luc1wick Kribs, a Congrega- tional minister who had labored faithfully and successf lly among 1S ce :\.ppendix O. GOING TO GRAI }IARKETS 5 the Indian::. as a llliséonary for a number of year::;, and finally took up land at Colpoy's Hay and settled theleon. rfhe provisional County Council for the yeal' 1 ô2, over which J. T. Conaway presided as "arden, followcd the practice of the pre- ceding councils in tackling the county town question in a vigorous manner, but unly tu leave it unsolved a6 previou;:; council;:; had done. _\ special committee appointed to consider the matter reported in fa\ur of applying for a DiU at the next session of l'arlialllt'nt to divide the county of Bruce into two counties, to be called Bruce and \r all ace, of whie-h the county towns were to be Kincardine and outh- a11l1'ton re:-:pf'l:tin->ly. The asspnt of the municipal electors to this proposition was to be obtained by a yote of the same_ A Bill1 to thi effect passed two readings of the Housc in 1863, but for some reason unknown to the author it aid not obtain a third. If the County Council of 1862 could not settle the apparently interminable county town qUV::itioll they at lea:::t originated a sl:heme of the utmost importance to the count}. namely. the comprehensive system of gravel roads, which, although not approved of when voted upon by the ratepayers in the following year, was, when again sub- mitted in 1865, carried by a suhstantial vote. When we remember thc nee(> ::;ity of good marh.f't;:; amI a rcady access thereto, we wonder that the proposition did not carry at once, for good roads anrl safe harbors were absolutely necessary for the developuH'nt of the county in the days when railways were unknown in Bruce, for then farmers when marketing their grain had to team it to some lake port, from whence it would be shipped by sailing vf'ssel, or ebe to some statiun on a line of railway, such as Guelph, Scaforth or Clinton. What this nH)ant to a farmer in the back townships may easily be imagined. Owing to the wretched condition of the roads in the fall of the year, he had to wait until the !;leighing was good before he could seek a markd. Then, having loaded his sleigh over night, he would make an carly start and be miles on his way beforC' it was daylight. If thc price of grain wa satisfactory and the slC'ighing good, it would not bC' long he fore he found himself in what seempd a long dra\\ n out procession, so numprOl1 Wl're the grain-laden sleighs. The street, of our lake-port villages were a busy scene in those days, when some- times 10,000 bushels of wheat would be marketed in one day. To save such long hauls, and that a market might be brought nearer to the doors of the farmcrs of TIruf'e, the County Council advertized in 'Bill No. !) , nù HN ., íth ParH., :?() \ït'.. 1 QIi:L 96 WOLF CALPS the Toronto daily papers during the SUlllmer of ItW2, offering to bonus any railway entering the county. rrhe harvest of this year was secured under most unfavorable conditions; many a farmer found his wheat sprouted in the ear as it stood in the ::;took. uch grain, of course, was sold at prices that" ere a disappointment to those who were only getting upon their feet financially, after the hard times attending their settlement upon bush farms and clearing the same. At Baie de Dore two villages had developed into business centre , known as Port Bruce and :Malta, which largely supplied the town- hip of Bruce with all the merchandise required. On July 4th, 18(5 , in some unrccordl'd lllanlier a fire started, and fanneù by a high wind completely wiped out the..:e two villages, only a few house3 ueing left. The los::; was so complete that the people seemed to have beco.l.e disheartened and moved away with anything they might have saveJ, instead of rebuilding. The result was that Underwood started up and obtained the trade that previously had gone to Port Bruce and )[alta, and nothing now remains of these two village:,' beyond a nallle and the outlines of the stone foundations of some of the buill- ings now 1110Rtly hidden by a dense growth of cedar. In February, 1862, the last bounty paid by the county treasurer for ., wolf calps" ($6.00 each) seems to have been paid, the recipients being Dr. Garner and n. Sperien, but whether the animtllò were killed in Huron or Bruce is not very clear. ,y ohes were not common after settlers came in, yet it was less than four years pre- vious to the above date that a l\Irs, Sullivan obtained a grant from the United Counties Council on account of her husband having "lo t his life from the effects of a desperate encounter with a wolf. " e recommend," the motion of Council goes on to say, "that the sum of $60 he granted, as we conside! that the destruction of the animal was a public benefit," a sentiment in which all might join. In its early days Bruce had rarely, if ever, been favored by a visit from any of the }paders in Canadian politics. So when it wa, announced that the Hon. Geo. Brown was to speak in the Saugef'n District in the interests of :Mr. John Mcl\Iurrich in the bye-election for representation in the Legislative Council,! the enthusiasm of TIThe Hon. James P tton, representing the Saugeen District in the 1.. pper House of our LegIslature, had been offered a seat in the :M:cDonald- 8.icotte 1\finistr , as Solicitor-Genf'ral, West. He was now seeking re-f'lec- hon that he mIght assume office. but met with a defeat, :Mr. McMurrich being Plected by a majority of 769. T11e date of this election was May 1st, 18G2. JüHX UILLIE 97 )Ir. :Uc::\Iurrich' supporters \Va:; unbounded. '"fen days b...fore the day of voting )lr. Browu was at Kim'arùiue and spoke at a mL.eting held in the town hall, a much :;llIaller building than the pre bent one, and on that òay it wa:, crowded to it..; full capaeity. Thi::; wa.; the only opportunity tlw fluthor evpr had of listcning' to a ::-PCpdl by Ir. Brown, and 11<' would willingly reeord tlll' purport of it if hi::, memory of \\ hat wa:, Faill \\<1S more vivid and rctentive. In the year LtH); several ineidf'nt::= oceurred worthy of record in a history of tIll' eount .. At the g"L'neral election for th Legi lativc ... ...\ :'l'lIIhly, hdl1 in .June. .Jallll,:) l>il,k:;on was again returued a the repr(' ('ntatin' for I hlI'on and Bl'lu'c. It wa in th-! same year that the village of Lucknuw, having ëlttaiuC'd gro\\ th sutlieil'nt to make it de irou::, to a sullle the l\'gulatioll of it own il1lprOVL'Illent:-" asked to bp erected into a police village, which request till' l-;-llib'd Counties Council, at its December session. complied with. It also Wà::, in 18G3 that a l'hange waF made in till' moùe of remUlH'rating town:;hip tn'a:-,urI'!":"i for their :-:en"ie(':,. Pre\'iously. one item to he founù in tllf' (.ounty p..;timate:, was that of the township treasurer:;' commis- sion, which wa..; a pl'rcpntage of "! 1-'2 p r Cl'lIt. ÍlH.'l' lS()3 these officers have been paid a fh.ed sum as a salary hy thpir 0\\ n munici- pality. The h,\'-law to i sue $; f){),()(I(, \\orth of rlebentu!"l' for the pur- po:,e of cOII trnding graH.I road:, wa \ oll.a upon L,\ the' ratepayers ",farch ::n t. 1 (ì . TIH' hy-Iaw càrricr1, hut by ::->1) narrow a majority that although the LnÏtprl COllnti(' Council passed tllC' hy-Iaw in \pril, it thought hc:;t to rcconsiòer its act ion, and at its .T une es ion rl'p,'alcù thl' hy-Iaw; ('()II 'qu(,J\tly no deh('ntllrc wprC' is:-:uC'll. The business of the proyisional County Council for 1863 was pre- silh.c1 orf'r hy John (;illil':-;.1 Of ib-; four :-'C:,:-:iOll:, thl' author has only I.Tohn f:iIIi{'s \\as a nati\'p of thp parish of Kilralolllnpll, \rg.vlpshirf'. "-hilp stiJI in his teclls II(' Ipft rotland in (,ollll'anv with two hrothNs to s('ek his fortnn(' in (':lIIalla, landing i August, 1 '.")2. Shortly aftt'r h sf'ttlel1 UPOII a farm in El'lerslie, of which township he was repve from 18,")7 to IRï3, hoth years ilH'lnsivp; he was also ward('n of the rounty for th(' :.nars IS63. l')ô9, IS/O, IK71 amI 1"'7 . In politirs h(' was a Lih('ral. lIe MICI'('ssful1 - <,ontpstcd the X orth Riding of Brurp, for the House of Commons, with ('olonel A.. Sproat, in 1872. In 1874 hc was u'-pl{'l'Ì('d b,v acclamation. In ISiS hc and Colonel Sproat once more wpre c' n li'latps s{'c'king to b(' thl' rpl'r('sentativ(' of this constitupnc'y, Mr. GIllIes again being sur('cssfnl, this tim(' h.\. a majority of 156 \'ot('s. In I"'S he \\ as dcfcat('d by Alex. :\[cX ('ill. TII(' foJIowing J.('ar be contesÌ('d the same ridin for the Ontario Legislaturp, his opponent being .Tamps Rowand, and was {'lerted by a majority of I O vot('s. In 1t-'t8 Mr. Gillic's was al'pointN} I'oli('p magistratc at Sault 8ft,. Marie. His death occnrrPll Ðpc('nÜJl'r 10th, 1889. .) 98 PINKERTON AS COUNTY TOWN been ablc to obtain t.he minutes of those of the session held on Octo- ber 16th and 1,th. One motion then l)a sed shows what action had been taken during the early part of the year in regard to the county town. The motion referred to reads: "That whereas at the last meeting of the provisional Council of the county of Bruce held at Port Elgin, it was agreed by this Council that any place which should obtain a majority of votes was to be the county town for the county of Bruce. And whereas Pinkerton obtained such majority, therefore be it resolved that this Council take the necessary steps to have the county buildings precteil at Pinkerton with the least possible delay:' The motion was lost on a vote of 6 for, 14 against. ...\.t this same meeting of the Council, and after a number of motions had been proposed to settle the vexed question, a surprising proposition, con- sidering that it came from two represcntatives who lived in Kin- cardine, was proposed. It was moved by \Villiam Sutton and seconded by John IcLay, "That whereas this Council have shown by their votes on se\ eral ò('('asions their inability to settle the county town at Pinkerton, Southampton, Kineardine or Paisley, therefore it is desirable under the circumstances that the Council should at once go on with the erection of the_county buildings at \Yalkerton," etc. The change of the two yotps from being opponentci of Walker ton to upporters of it gave the necessary majority in its favor, and there was promptly passed a by-law appointing a committee to purchase the necessary ite for the buildings, to advertise for tende:f1S, to let contracts, ana directing the treasurer to pay orders issued by the committee. One wouln almost expect the foregoing to be the conclusion of this long fought out question, but not so. The provisional County Council of the following year upset the whole matter at its first meeting. After electing J ames Brocklebank as warden for 1864, it proceederl to consider the report presented by the Building Com- mittee, which, slightly abbreviated, reads as follows: "At the last meeting of your honorable body, held 22nd December, 1863, your committee reported: That they had purchased and paid for a suit- able site from George Jackson, whereon to erect the county build- ings, for the sU!ll of $600. That David :Murray, of Guelph, had been appointed architect. That your committee had advertized for ten- ders. That the contract had been given to John Elliot, of Brant- ford, for the sum of $21,136.95. That your committee had been prevented from carrying out the instructions of the Council, owing RATEPAYERS VOTE ON COVXTY TOWN U9 to the warden's refusal to sign the contract, with other particulars. Which report your honorable body adopted. Your Council at said meeting, owing to the warden's continued refusal to sign the contract or vacate his seat, appointed John McLay chairman, and by resolution instructed him in behalf of the Council to sign the contract, which was done in open Council. That Mr. Elliot refuses to go on with the erection of the county blLildings till the contract is signed by the warden." The committee appointed to cOll::iÏu.er this report com- mend rr. Gi11ies, the e -warden, for refusing to :;Ïgn the contra<:t. Both reports had ele, en votes for and against. The minutes (10 not say so, but the warden mu t hme gi\en his casting ,ote against the Building Committee report, as it was dropped, and the Council petitioned l)arliamellt to pass an Act repealing all .Acts having refer- ence to the county town question, and empower the ratepayers to choose by vote "hich of two places, Kincardine or Paisley, be the (.ounty town of Druce. The Legislature acquiesced and passe(P ., \n \ct to void the proclamation declaring 'Valkerton the' county town of the county of Bruce, and to enable the municipal electors of the said county to select a county town." This Act did not limit places to be voted upon, as requested, but inserted a clause which resu1t d in the end sought for being as far off as ever, in that the place selecte"d must" receive the af:sent of the majority of a11 per- !'CJnS entitled to vote at such election." The election was held on September 20th, 18G-!, with the following result: Paisley, 1,632; Kincardine, 1,403; Walkerton, 1,110; Southampton, 78; Invermay, 1; Hiversdale, 1. uch a futile result, none of the places named having obtained a plurality of votes, made the majority of the Council desperate and resulted in a motion being passed to petition Parliament" to abolish the provisional County Council and remodel the tract of country compri:-;ing thp ('Olllltit:-j of (}rpy, Bruce, Huron, Pprth and 'VpUington and its division into counties of compact form and size, in order to avoid the clashing of opposite interests which inevitably exist when counties are of irregular form and unwieldy ('xipnt." The result of the contract for the buildings not being gone 011 with was the payment to the contraL'Ìor and architect of $500 and $300 respectively for compen::;ati.on. An effort to ('Ired sanlt' kind of a compromi:-f' by way of giving good roads and improved harhors to Kincardine and Routhampton in lieu of these villages waiving' their claims to fh.. "'Hlnt\" to\\ II in !a\"OJ o (If Paisl(' ' or J27-2R Vie'. Chap. 77. 100 TWO HEGISTRARS OF DEEDS Walkerton dId not carr '. hut it. 111<1)' ha\e had ::iome weight when the gran l roach ùy-law wa :-:nbmitted in the followlllg year. Two railway propo::Útiuns were laid befon> the peuple of Bruee in UH3J. One by F. bhanly, C.E., which wa:-: to eUll::it.ruct a rùad running nort.h from tIll' main line of the Graml Trunk Railway at. Guelph and known a::i the .. " ellington, Grey and Bruce Uailway:' This had bonthampton nallled a::i the point where it wa::; to read1 Lake Huron. The other projected railway wa known as the" Strat- ford and Huron Hailway;' which had Kineal'lline nauwc1 a::' its lake h'rmiulls. Both road:; were ::;anl:tioned hy \et of Parliament this -: ear. The nanw:-: of ::;everal Bruee r('PYéi' appenr in the li;-;t of eac:h of these companies so seeking iUl:orpuration, inc:icl('ntally ::ihowing how anxiou:-,ly looked for wa:-: the alht'nt of a railway, wherever it might be laid to. ::-:0 long a:-: it entered the eounty of Drul:(-'. rrhese projects were considered by the County Council which, without com- mitting ibclf to either. offl'red a bonus of $...l:(In.noo, to bp paicl on the completion of tlw rail" ay. Thol1H\s rorrigan. who had held the po::-:ition of counly treasurer since August, 1861, resigned in May, 186-1. _\.le\:ander Sproat was a ppoin te(l his snCCl' or. \Jlot her dl books. Ultilllately )fr. IelÆY forcihly ohtniu('(l po:-::;ps:-:ion of tlw ..:allle. but the inronw.ni- (']1("1' to_ tlIl' public \\",1:' great while the eontpution lasteù. whieh was :-:dtled ùy the courts, but not until 1868. 1 \. chal1gp in the nwmher for the angeen division in the Legislatiye Conncil occurred this year, D. L. MacphEirson obtaining the seat, which he held until his dtath thirty-three' year..: later. I r. Snyder. of (hn'n Souml. was the otllf'r f'anclirlaÌl' in this flection. The year 1865 is a memorable O1W in the history of the county (\1" Bru é, witnr:-,sing as it did the pas ing of the graYl'l roall:". by-law by a vote of the ratepayers, the conclusion of the battle for the county to\\ n. a1ll1 the final dtlellwnt of that trouùlesomp quC':,tion. James Brockléhank was in 1R65 again f'lertec1 to fill the warden's chair. Thp first m(,l'tin for that 'l'nr of tlw pl'oyisional County Coun- cil was held in Kincarc1ine. After some desultory yoting about the 'fn the Proyilu'ial estimate's for 18ï1 is this item, "To reimburse .fohn )[d.ay for I"Osts iIlI'UlTea 1". him ;/1 re H lm\l101111. $l,IH)ïAG." LAST OF THE COUNTY TOWS COXTEST 101 county town, which did not further matter::: in any way, thE: fol- lowing motion carried, "rrhat a cOlllmittee of five be balloted for to lImit a pt'titiûIl to the Legislature praying for the pa sage of an .\d dedaring Paisley the {:ount} town of llrtll:e, in aecoTllal1l:e ,\ ith the Illajority of ratl'payer , \\ IH'n giyen at the l.lOll held for that pur- pose." After the abo\ e motion ,,-as carried, a committee wa::; appointeJ. to :-:cled a site for the cuunt.' huilding at I)ai ley. This committee l'ledl'd a itc \\ hich wa.:; tu lun e co::;t $300. They al:,o arrang\'ù \\ ith r 1". Elliott, the eontmctor, to cred the hllil,lillg ill Pai:-;ll'Y at an alh aIWC of $,),00(1 on'r hi cOlltratt pri<"e for thf'ir en.t:tioll at ""alkertol1. The report macle by this cOlllmittee. when presented at th(' next meeting of the Cuunty Council, Wêl::; not adopted, an amend- n:eut heing carrie(l to the following d1't.'l't. .. That ::;tel' be imme- (liatcly taken for the eredioll of the l'OUllt " huilding at \ralkL'rlOll, and that the "artlen do ::;ign the ('ontraet fur the :,aml'." This motion was followed by another, which is here given in full, a it is thc la:--t motion that C'arril'd, although not the last motion yotrd upon in the Council regarding this long, \ exatious and wearisome dispute that hall Ia tl'd l'igbt years, tr,' inf[ the patieIH'(' of the ratl'payl'J's filld making th_em aImo:,t (l"..;.pair of a ettklllPnt. TIll' motion realb: " lon'(l b., \rIll. ult()ll, :--('('onded hy Paul 1:0:-':0:. That the warden petition the Legislature in behalf of this Council for a bill to repeal all I'a t .\et8 ha,ing r('[('),('II('(' to thp ('ount," to\\Jl of Bru("p, alld to pa:--:-- a Bill appnilltillf[ \\"all-,,'rto11 tb(. l'ollnty tOWII of Bruce ill H("('ord- anN) with the actif)l1 of this C'ölllH'il:' The, ote a:-: taken was-yeas 13, J1ay 10. One of the r(' lIlt of the aho\(' del.ision \Va.", the ('ntering of a suit against the county to compel the Council to erect the eounty I,lIilding at Paish'y, tIlt' plaintiff:-: 1)(,ing .fohn \ ah'ntiJ\(', .fohn Cillip,.:, .fohn 1rc'lillan, .r. n. :::;hC}lIllment was maùe aclju:-:ting the accounts hetwren the two counties, the principal item heing the a;-: uming by the l'Ollllty of Huron of :233,OOO and by the county of Bruce of $55,000 of the united counties' indebtedne::;s to the :Municipal Loan Fund. The Governor-General was also petitioned to dissolve the uniun by prorlamation. This was not complied with ju4 th('n, owing to the> incomplete state of the gaol and court house, and :--0 tIlt' unioll la tl'ù until the end of the following year. \hout this tin1\', tlll' flays of the American Civil 'Val'. this COUll- try was flooded \\ ith \merican silver ('oins, owing to the depreciation of tlH' rnited tate::, currency. For a time this foreign coinage J.a.ssed at par, hut the bulk of it at length became so great that hank hills WNP to a largl> e\:tf'nt put out of circulation. )[erchant;; made thpir remittancc:; to the whule:--ale hon'f' at Toronto or :Montreal in silwr, hnndrech or thousands of dollar at a tinlP. It was not until a cli count of 'W pel' CPIlt. wa put upon it that the influ"\: was stopped. The people of thi-: county, in f'01l111l0n with others, lost heavily tll('rph T. \mong the' entries in the county trea-.:urer's books at this tiUH' is to he found the item. "Discount on American silvf'r." The agitation for a railway into the county continuecl in 1 65, the route suggpsted being different from either of those herein men- tioned when relating the incidents of the preceding year. This time " , .'\ - \tf' · ''"' <, w.', ....1 ,. .... ' " '....t . ,:.., 1; # : ""I '., t Co_' · 9 ' .: . ;." c' ... !II. ," ., t ''''It' " ..'0(' , 'I ,r; . ,.It, t. þ';', ' ,,', u . .. _" , , .' 1" , .. ,. " --. '.' . .,' \. . ',. r .' tJ.",.. ...... 1_. t.- ' . I .' '."" f ' . ::tf6 '-;."t ':'." ... . "' Ìa\! ''{.. i, ' t., I '" .l.''i. . ...... ;t." , '...,. : ,,:,,\ , J \" __ _"'.0 . 0 , .... . - . -.,;to.4'"." . . - . \I i.'*' \ . .. ."" , ' . YC-.. t.. --:a! . ..,.:. .. '"' 3.. "<:., ". .. . -' . i(''': .. . - .-l-s ... -..-Ó' . )r .. . . ... , . '.:; z 'Ä':.t. ' ... "'1: . is '-.9 , 10;.... . I' . t.. i'- A X r, . i. J !/. of S. , .. .., ", ..... .., ;:: :i ,. .. .. ). r ".... 7- :) f-< :.:I :( -< > , .. - I ..5' :) - .::! Z -< r n :z:; .. !:: ::; :) :J I " COU TY BL'ILDI GS CO'IPLETED 103 the route proposed was to ;:;tart from ;:;ome point on the Sorthern Hailroad, to pass through the, illagc of Durham and the southern townships of Bruce and find a lake port at Kincardine. In support of this scheme the County Council petitioned the Governor-General to honus such a line of railway. rrhe raid made by the Fenian:- ill IbÖlJ called to arms the volun- teers of Bruce, who prumptly rc::;punded and as;selllbled at Goderich, \\1H're an attack was looked for. The feature:- of this marshalling of our volunteers is dwelt upon fully in another chapter in this book, ùc\-oted to ")[ilitia anù Y olunteers:' During thi ypar good p1'Ogress was made in (Oolllpletillg the con- trads for gran'1ling the l adiIl roalls and on work at the harbors at Kincardine, 1 nverhuroll and outhalllpton. The" eather was not favorable for this work, resulting in many contracts not being completed until the follo\\ ing year. The a::; umillg a county roads of "the public highwa 's known a the tiOLleridl and Saugcen Road, Durham, Elora. Kin]o:-- , Culross and '" orthern Roads," was one of the most marked acts in 1866 of the United Counties Council that affected the county of Bruce. J ames Brocklebank, for a third term, he1ù. the position a warden of the county in 18(iG. and pre:-:idering report of the Building Com- mittre. Thi:, committt.e 111<1111' an earnest effort. to gl.t thp eounty huilrlings a(haÎJ(.'eù enough to ht' aecepteù by thl' BOHnl of Prison In::::pectors brfore the lllf'eting of tIll \ .Tune sf':,sion of thp eounril. This could not bc accompli::::hc(l, anll it was not until SO\ ember 1:st that the committee reported the gaol and court house as complete. Thp ro::t of thp f> huihlings was grcatC'r than e\.pl'dC'd whell the con- tract W4-'re ld, ann it wa found ncce ary to pa :-; a ny-law to raise *20.000 to pa ' for the C'omplction of them. R(\ing o late in the year, the òi:::: oh'ing of thC' union of tl1f' countip was po:,tponf'd until the cnd of the P3r, tlwrf'hy :--,lying trounlc in r1osin!.!' up tlt(' joint 3ccount.:: of the Ì\"O coulltiC'i'. CHAPTER \T II. FULL DErELOPJIEST ATTALVED. 1Bü7-1bSl. THE} ear 18ü7 is a noted one in the historY of the county of Bruce, a it is the year which marks its entrance into the ranks of those counties within the province that had attained the dignity of being fI separate municipality. The union of the counties of Huron and Bruce was dissolved by a proclamation of the Go\"crnor-General, the diSiSolution taking place December 31st. 1KíHî. so that Xe\\ Year's Day, 18ü7, witnessed a marked ehang p in the municipal statu of this l"onnty. ] t might not IJC amiss at this point to con(;isely recall the ,"arious form of municipal gm-ernlllcnt Bruce as a <,ounty haa knmrn. The first attf'mpt to constitute a municipality \\<1;;:; abortin , it being the union of an of tlw county of Rrucc with the united townships of \Vawanosh and \<.;hfield, as directed by the District Council of Huron ip ]R-! ', a union not contt'llIplat<,a or f:u:;;tained hy ::-tatute. This so-called union ('nlh.a after a duration of two Yl'ar on December :ilst, 1831. \.iS a separate municipality thi:, territur,\ wa first known as "the united town hips in the county of Rrllce:' This endured only for two ypars, 1852 and 1853; thell (.T anuary 1st, 1854) came the diyision of the county into separate local lllunicipalitif--:-. con- si:-:ting of one or more townships, each of which sent a representative to the TTnited Counties Council of Huron and Bruce. This continued i!uring the years 1R?)4-5-6. The next change in the forlll of muni- cipal life commenced in 1857, whf'n the provisional County Council was created and lived-the centre of a storm which raged over the county town question-until its existence terminatC'd Dl'cemher 31st, 1866. The next era in the municipal life of the count T com- mene-ed whpn the reeves 1 of the various minor municipalities. twenty- three in number. assl'mhled on January 22ncl, lR67. and organized as the County Council of the county of Bruce. ITht> elpction whi('h had resultetl in the returning of these genth'men as repvps was thp first elp<'tion at whi('h 1.C'eves were elected by the direC't vote of the ratepa.H>rs. Prior to lR6í. thp Coun('il of ea('h ]o('a] munÍC'i- pality ('hose its rf'f'Ye, as now the County Coundl ('hooses its warden. 104 FIRST COTT TY OFFICIALS 105 The fact of being a ::;e}Jarate county rCy'uil'cù the appointment of certain officials, cïthet> by the government or by the Count) Council. The following li::;t give::; the names (If all who "ere appointèd to offiee in ]tW7, lllo::;l of "hollll"ontinueù in oUiet' fur man) )"ea.. aftcr: .r. J. Kinf!slllill,l County .J m1ge; \rilliam ;::;uttOJl, 81lf'riff: n. W. Hoss, County A itorury anti t'Irrk of the Peace; William Gunn,2 Clerk uf the ('oullty COlLrt: .J olm lcLay, Hl'gi::;trar: J a me::; Brockle- hank, Warden; \lex. f:,}Jroat, UUUllt) Treasurer; George Goulù, County Clerk; AleÀander Shaw, County bolieitor; Latham B. Ham- lin, County Engineer; \Ym. ()lùright, )I.D., Gaol urgeon; Bamuel Uoether, Uaoler; William Uiehard::;on, Caretaker of County Build- in :;;; JalllC,:; Bellson, In;-;pcctor of \reights and :\[easures. The separation or the eountie of Huron anù Bruce antedated the Confederation of the Dominion of Canada by six months. Shortly after the latter \\ M accompli::;heù, a gcneral election was Ill'ld. Bruce haù been di, idecl for reprf'sentation pllrposrs into two ridings. The following Wi.l!-, the 1'1':;ult of the election then helù for the H()u e of Common::::: In ul'th Bruce Lieut.-Col. \leÀ. proat - '.John .ltwhl'reau KiJlgsmill, L\., I).C.L., held the position of .Judge within the ('ounty of Bnt('c for tw('n(v-tiv(' years, retiring to\\ard the end of 11'191. During this long term of ofJìcp hp retained the respect and con- fidence both of th(' Bar aJl(I thp gpueral public. IIp as born in the city of Quphe(', 1\fa ' 21st, lk !}, and was of Irish Il('seent, being 3 son of CoJ. Wm. }(ingsmilJ. III' studipd at Fpper ('allaùa Collpgc, Toronto C"nivNsity, amI Trinity ('ollpgl'. III' f"omllll'ncpd the pral"tice of law at Guf'lph in Htï:L Afh'r retiring from thp hen('h h(' lwcamc a parhH'f in th(' law firm of Kingsrnill, alllldl'rS &. 'l'orranc(', Toronto. .Tuùgp Kings- mill was rnarripd four timl's. III' was a prnmillt'nt JlH'mher of thp (,hurch of England. His d('ath O('cul"rpd \\ hile at SP:J. OIl a vo agl' to nl'noa, Italy, February, 1 !IOO. \Vi))iam Ounn was horn, 1\lay, 11\](i, IlI'af Cilasgow. \Yh('n twpnt r Yl'ars of agf' hc (':lInp to ('allatÌ:I, }"I'siding first at l'fl'S('ott, from WhCIlCf', in 1 :J"I, h(' r(,lIIo\','d to K i IIgston. I n hot h I'la('l's he was in the pm ploy of I:trg'P shippillg firms. III lS-lS lIP \\"pnt to l\apanl'(, and o('l'n('d up a g(,lu'ral ston'; mo\ illg frolll th,'r('. hI' ('allle to Killl"anlinp in l .ï . an(1 tor a short tilllP hall a storp tllPre. ()nee mOl"(' he mO\'l'cl, this timp to Inv('rllllron, HII(1 for fourtpl'n )"I'ars l'OIHlul'Ìl'd a gCIlPral ston' tlll'rl', al'ting also as I'ostlllastl'r. HI' \\as LCIl'HI HIII','rint('ndl'nt of I'hools in \"','st Bruf'l' from 1 "I.ï3 to I S.'jS i lIf'lusi VP. J 11 1H.ï!} h(' ":11'1 el"('Ìl'd 1'1'1'\,' of thp to\\ IIship of Brtlf"l'. 111' adf'tl :18 (','nsus ('ornmissioll('r in Bru('(' ('OUllt\" wlll'n th,' ('('JlSIIS was takl'n in l Gl, ancl when tIll' ('OItntv of Brul'l' was Rl'parat,'d from Huron lIP rl"'I'Í\'('(1 the appointnlPnt of (h:l'ut.\ ,.It'rk of till' ('I"(}WII and of th,' Hurrogatp ('ourt. whi('h ofJì('p hI' hf'1tl until his tll'ath. In l sn Ir'. Gunn was appointpd h.,' th,' })ominion Govern- mpnt to visit ('otl:lI\(1 a 1\(1 Hollan,l to in(luirp into and rl'port on the Iwrri ng /ish i IIg i ndustr.r. HI' m31"ril'fl Husan Douglas, ila ugh tl'r of George DOIIJ.5las, of Kingston. His dl'ath o('('urred l:Jth ""ovl'm1wr, 1 "I!}4. II,> "as ur\"lv('d h," hut onl' son, William, who hH:; lwltl for man." y,>ars a position 111 thp ('mploy (If th,' (;o\,('rnml'nt at Kingston. 106 SALT WELLS "as returned, and in South Bruce, FraneÍs II urùon; the UnSUlTe:55- ful candidates being respectively Dr. Robert Douglass and \Ym. Rastall. To the Provincial Honse of \..ssembly, Donald Sinclair was returned by acclamation for Korth Bruce, while in South Bruce Hon. Edward Blake wa;; the succe sful candidate, defeating James Brocklebank, the warden. The uccessful opC'ning of the .salt industry at Godcrich this year induced the County Council to offer a bonus of $1,000 to any one who would sink, within the county of Bruce, an artesian well to the depth of 1,000 feet in search of ðalt, the bonu to he diYideù if more than one well WNe sunk. This led to wells being sunk at Kincardine, outhall1pton and rort Elgin. In the following year salt was reaehc<1 at Kincarùine at a depth IC':, than a thousand feet, bu t the wells sunk in the other two places failed to yield salt. The base of the Onondaga formation, in which salt is to be found, eomes to the surface at the mouth of the ::;augepu River, so the attempt to obtain salt at the two latter places was an ill advised one, but it has been partial1.,' recompensed by the ohtaining of a flow of excellent mineral water that now enjoys a widespread patronage. The Kin- cardine company which sunk the well there rpcpiveJ ()OO as its share of the bonus, and the 80uthampton company $400. On the 20th October, 186" the Commercial Bank, in which the county account Wèb kl'pt, failed. At thi time the county treasurer held $12,0()() of tlw bills of the hank, part of \vhich wa:-; intended to pay $7.000 of l"()UpOlU: falling due on the first of the following month. \ the county}' as consequently very awkwardly plaeec1, the county trea:-:urer at once started for 11Ql'onto to do all that was pos- sible to protect the credit of the county. On arriving there he found financial circles very much excited over the failure, so much so that it was at first impossible to raise any money, although he offered to put up $10,000 of Commercial Bank bills as security for a $6.000 loan. The Honorable D. L. j[acpherson, Senator for the ßaugeen Division, came nobly to the rescue of this part of his constituency, and offered, "rather than see the credit of the county of Bruce in the least depreciated, to advance the requisite acount." Fortunately the crisis was tided over, and that, too, without accepting the honor- able gentleman's liberal offer. The year 1868 may be given as that when railway matters com- menced to take a deep hold of public attention in "Bruce. In the previous year a delegation had addressed the County Council in the interests of a line from Toronto. It was 1868, however, when mat- BATTLE OF THE nA"CGES 107 ters were urgently brought before not only the Council, but the gen- fral public as well. Of tlw sl-'\l'ral railway chl'me,..;. discus:-l'd through- out the county about thi time Ínterc:-:t ettlcd chiefly UPOll the JIIerit:- or df'merits of two propo:;:itioll:-:. namely. that of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railroad and that of the " ellington, (1rf'Y and Bruce Railroad. The fÌr:-:t lllf'ntion('11 wa:; to he a narrow !"1l1gf' road, ana Kine-ardine was the lake port it aimea to reae-h. The othf'r com- pany. w'nf'Tal1 T rf'ff'rrf'(l to at that timf' a "t1w widp gauge;' in contraaÜ:tinction to th(' otl1Pr. ought to pas from th(' south-eastern corner of the county to Southampton, and was backed by aU the influencf' that Hamilton ('ouM hring to hear, to f'curc the promi c<1 honns offf'rpc1 hy the ('onnty. \(1:1111 Rro\\"n, ThoJlla 'Vhitl' and 'Yilliam [diivern, of Hamilton. were its most prominent adyorates an(l p('aker!' in support of it claim!' for appro\"a 1. Thp other l"om- pan ' tro'.e jl1.;;;t as harll. with Toronto at it:, ba('k. anll with .Tohn Ooraon anò Oeorgp I..ai(l1n\\ of Toronto to ppak of it a(hantagd at t1w vaTiou:; puh1ic n1('pting l"allec1 to con:-:ider railway matter:,. In no politieal f']cdion PH'r Jlf'l(l in Rrnce ha e:\citl'Bll'nt run hi,!!llf'r than it dill in thi rnihn1 ' ('ontl':,t. " alkerton. with the eastf'rn and ]]orthflrn town..:hipt;;:. fayoreò t hp .. will(' gange." a::: tIlt' ronte pro- pfY.':('(l wa;;: \"pry fa\"orahJ(' to thpm. On the othpr halHl Kincar(lim i1n(l thf' town:-:hip=, a long tl)(' :o:ouHlf'1'n hounclnry fa\on'll thl' " nano\\' gang-('." it pl'opo:-:f'(l routl' l1iting t}WIII he t. Tt wa urg('(l in f:1\or ()f Ow "nnrrow gnuge" thnt. a it wa..;: an in(lt'ppntlpnt roall. Brl1('t. ,,-oulcl he under no railroncl monopoly. whf'f('a:o: till' winl' :!ilU!!t' was to hp l('a flcl. C'f]uippl',l :11111 rnn a R hran('h of thp Grcnt 'Yestprn Railrna(l. rf'('('ntly amnlgamat('(l with fJw Grand Trunk Raihva .. Rut thf' "wiclf' ga11g-1"" p('opll" pointptl out that frf'ight f'hippec1 on it wouM Dot ref]uir(' triln hipmenf on reaching Toronto. thp gauge hping a tnn(larcl 011('. ancl ('ar roulcl go from Hnwl' dirf'd to nn markC't. Rut many felt hittprly n aim:t thp Orand Trunk Railway in("f' it nmnlgamatioD with Hlf' Or('nt 'VI,..:tf'rn l{ailroilll hp('au l' of a f'1"iOl1S n(hancl" in fJ'('igllt rntf' . Rf'fo1"c' amalgamatioTl thl' rate from OUl"lph to 'fonfrf'nl \\n!= -t!) J)('r ('nl' nncl ] (,I"nb on I'a('h hll hpl of whl"at. .\fter thl" roacl w('1'(' ama1gamatf'cl tIlt' rntf' wa rni ('n to $(ìO ppr car ancl 21 ('('nt pl'r hu hl'l for wlwat. rntpH that w('rl" jur..:tJy tatl"n to n(' f'"\tortionnte. 'f nn.\ ot}wr nrgun1f'nt OTI hoth siclf' \wrl" l1 l"n. hut th(' ahoyp C'on titutpil tlw grollnclwork of nl"nrly all of them. hesi(l(' indiC'ating how opinions might be biased. ""aiting for thfl ('on:;;ff11('tion of R rail\\'ay '\fl n tf'niou mattpr. To hritl. p ()\pf t}lfI inft'f\"nl. antl ohtain dH'f1ppr frl"ight I'nmmlmit'n- ]OS FIRST CAPIT.AL PUNISH.:\IENT lion to \\ alkerton than was paid for tCelllling good all the way from l; uelph, the di tan<..:e Iwing 0\ er :Úxty mill':-:, ....mne of the enterprising eltizen:-: of the forme!" phH:l' purl"haseJ at thb time a traction engine, to ue ucil'd to haul fn'ight from aml to Kiueardine. L nfortunately the alllount of lll"CI':-:- they met \\-ith wa not equal to the enterprise shown. Their laek of :;UlTI':-:::; ell'O:3e from want of bridges substan- tiëll l'llOUgh to can,\" :-:lll:h a heavy engÏlw; beÛde;:; thi", the grade;:; at '"'0 H! l' of the hill:-: \\"1'1'1' found to be too H'l'p to enable, a profitable j oad to ue Ita uled up them. The completion of the gnnel road contracts resulted 111 lllnt in the history of the county. tAn pxtension of timp for payment of lands purchased from the ('rown had prp\'iously hel'n grante(l, pnssihly in rpsponse to a petition forwanlcd to 011" (;oVl'rnor-in-('onncil by tll(' rnited ('ounties Council of Huron and HnlC'l' in lS(j . asking that 'the time of pa 'mC\nt be extf'nded for five 'ears. bccause of a partial failllrp of 01(' crops that ypar. RA]LWAY BY-LAW YOTED rpON 109 Before pas:,ing on to the eH'11 ts of tIlt' ne\.Ì ) ear it might be well to note that what arc now two of the most flouri::;hing town:, within the county, Chesley anù " iartun, ("olJllnenceù to take form ill It)I)ð, this being the ycar in whieh tlu' fonner wa :-:\11'\ eyed, 3;:, \\ ell a the date of the opening of a pu4 ottic-e at \Via rton. It also wa::; thc .n'ar when Bruce wa:-: first cOIl1w<"Ìed with the ont:o:icle \\ orh1 by electric tel<>graph. Tll(' \ arious propo ed rail \\ ay ehelllc:o: tantalizingly brought befor<> the peoplc of Bruce ùuring a dozen year;:; previou::i were ill 1869 brought to a head, after a numhcr of e cited mpetings, ably addreF;;:ed hy good speakprs, had been held in to\\ ns, villages and district school-hou;;;cs. until cyerybody was well a\\ are of the ad\an- tages to be gained by thc entrance of the Torontu (narrow gauge) line or of the Hamilton (wi.de gauge) line. 'rhe County Council, at a :,pecial ml'etiug h la i.n l'ptember, decidl'cl to :::,ubmit a by-Imr to tll(' riltepa 'er to aiù tlll' \r cllington. ( rey and lhuée Haih\ a) by "a free grant or donation of debentures bJ way of a bonus, to tlw extcnt of $ :)O,UOO:' upon the tcrm that" thp aia company do f.xtend and ('aIT) the line 01 nÜlwn thruugll the l'I)UIlt.\ of HnH e from the sonth-ea t bOllnJary thereof, at or near ClitIurù, to tllL' waters of Lake IT uron at outhampton; the ;:aid line to be complete awl ready for traffic to Southampton within thrce years of the pass- ing of this hy-Iaw." rr'he ,ole wa::; takf'TI on oY(,lllber 2nd. 2,!H1 \oted in favor of the' h '-Iaw awl :!.li G a,gëlin:o:t it. the by-law being ('arripd hy a majorjt or :!:O:.').l Kiw.al'llilll' '1'0\\ 11 \\ as chargccl with ':--T\'l'nfE T 1I()W[X(j rlIE '"OI'F ('.\:0:'1' O BY-LAW .I To (;R\XT A Roxrs nt' $ .III,fIlIl) To TilE '\' :J.[ [X(;TO , nRF.\ AXIl Bm'(,E H \II.\\.\ Y. T.\K : ,0\ F.\fRER 2xo, I fi!'. For .\gainst By-law. Bv-Iaw. 'l!H . l; :J'ï3 11 .109 I fJï I,ll llili .111 ;Jï -lH2 :; W] ;; too 1 H 1 .1 'in 2íi,I .) "" Hili ;{;{ .. )rajol"it for. lkl í2 W2 )f:ljOl"it against. .\ rnalll'l alld \ HIl'III:lrle \ l"r:t n Brant Bru('(' CulrnsH Carril'k EliJt'rsliC' Gr('C'no('k If \I ron ................. hincRnlinC' ViIl:lgC' '.' Kincardinc Township ... h.inloss ......... Raug'pcn ....... _ . Routhampton .. 1;-) 322 434 ; fi,"i :\81 32 :i7S 2ti:t -Jli .:;!, í -Ji{ ..." 210 .... !} 11 ::!li fì 2li li 2 fl2 2lOï 11I7 Majority for By-Inw 28:ï 2 :; 110 REGISTRY OFFICE casting many illegal votes, the feeling there being very strongly in favor of the "narrow gauge." This charge the reeve had to acknowledge as true at the next meeting of the County Council. As soun as the result of the voting was known, a long procusion was gotten up at 'Valkerton to escort the speakers and auvocates of the b}-law, present from a distance, on their drive back to Guelpl , a photograph of which, taken just before starting, is here given. At )fihlma} they were halted, to be feasted and congratulated, a pleas- ing feature again repeated at Harriston. It was lllany a long da} before the county settled down and forgot the bitter word spoken, and all the attendant unpleasantne :6 of this intcnse contest. \lthough the by-law carried by a majority of yote::i throughout the ounty as a whole, the municipalities of Culro:-:s. Kinlo::,s, Huron and Kincardine Township and YiUage recorded a heasy ,-ote against it, and in the following year an effort was made by these localities to get the County Council to memorialize Parliament to pass an Act exempting the::ie municipalities from being taxed for the Eame, but were not successful. [n addition to this, some private individuals went so far as to apply to the courts to quash the by-law, but with like unsuccess. The expenditure made by the county in the construction of p'a,'el roads. bridges and harbors far e-xceeded the original scheme as voted upon in 1863, consequently it was found necessary to make a further issue of debentures to pay for the same. Debentures to the extent of $'20,000 were so issued in 1867; again in 1868 and 1869 debentures for a similar alllount and purpose were sold, bringing the amount so raised to a total of $280.000 spent within four years for the purpose of improving the means of communication within the county, FO that the produce of the fertile fielc1s of Bruce might reach outside markets more expC'ditiously and cheaply than in the past. ""hen the county buildings werc fir;;:t occupiPfl the office of the Registrar of Deeds was within the conrt house. This arrangement not meeting with the approval of the inspector, in 1869 the separate building now in use was built. at a cost of $5,3()0, but it was not until X ovember, 18"'0, that it became occupied, the fittings having been long delayed. The cessation of payments hy the gm"ernment on account of the IÆnd Improvement Fund for fi,'e or six 'ears If'd to an agitation for the TC!'lllning of such paymentF, to "hich the g'Q\'ernment in 1869 yieldeil FO far as to appoint a committee of the House to report on . --- - . - ., '- I_---r 1- .. ... .-:1 \ . "'7 - , \. .. \ I I \ '. , -1\ .. . ,. .'- .w r..: . - '\ 1,, ", ;.... · . 1 J.,. I. ......J' f " . It .. '. ' , . , .. = Ii f ;..- -.: .... :::: t r. r !; :... :.: ... j :.: :.J -. Y:. - ,r. =:: B .... - ,.., :.. =' f-< f. , ..-: =' - 7. ... ,r. ... 7- J 'jj r ..; - . . .. . : \, r . .. ' " .., '-'\ '!. ... ,I or-ro. .:- -:.';" .. " '} J ,. t' , .\ -. \ , \ I ANOTHER RAILWAY CONTE"T III the facts (see Appendix 0). \. number of prominent men from Hl'lH"e appeal'{'(l before this cOlllmittee and ga\ e c\ idence, among whom \\ere Dllnald inclair, )1.1'.1'., John Gillies, :J1.1'., John Eekford, allluel Rowc, Henry Brown, J ame::; Rae, Thomas Adair, r amc:-: omel'ville and Alex. )IcS abb, Crown Land::; Agent. The report of thf' committee showed that the government was \\ rong in withholding payment, and, yielding to the justice of the claim, com- llIenced in 1871, and regularly since, to lllake payment on this aCCoullt. The amount ÏIl\olved was 50 large that to lleglect seeking to obtain it would have becn gross culpability. How large an amount 111<1Y hc imagilled from the figures furnished to the author by the treasurer of Greenock, which show that the aggregate amount he received to the end of 1 01 was $11,9-:1:7.13. Other townships would :.:how proportionately large receipts, making a total of something like $ (lO,OUO. Gp to the end of lS.3U this fund paiù for the col- onization road \\ ork conducted hy David Gibson, referred to in a preceùing chapter. The fund collected from January 15t, ISGO, to Iarch (jth, 18G1 (the date of the order stopping payment), was made in 1t;G-I:-5 to township treasurers, and so also all pajments Uladp in and since lSì1. The townships in the Indian Peninsula had during the" sixties" heen quietly filling up with settlers. As a rffiult we find, with the advent of 1t;70, Ea..;tnor becoming one of the municipalities within the county, being united to Albemarle for municipal purposes. The union of the latter named to\\ n hip \\-ith .Amabel had been dissolved the preceding summer by a by-law of the County Council. In thc southerly range of townships a scrics of meetings were held in ISìO in the intercsts of the narrow gauge railway, with the intent of getting the ratepayer::; to con cnt to a i'cdional honu..; hcing granted, to enahle that road to be pushed on to Kincardine from Tceswater. At the c meetings the leading men of Kinloss and Luck- now held out for the road to pas::; through the village of Luch.now. The railway authorities were just as determined that if the road were to be constructed it should take the straightest line practicable from Teeswater to Kincardine. As neither party would change its views no progress was made, and the railway to this day never got hC'yonù 'ref'swa tel'. The Yf'ar 1870 is to he noted as the year when the county was first invadcd by the potato bug, nnc1 al o of the first lI';;C of renping machinp", hy :my of our farnH'rs. 112 CENSUS 1 71 The expenditure of the county being very large anù burdensome it was felt by many that the expense of maintaining and keeping in repair the newly-made general roads throughout the county was one that should be a sumed by the municipalities in which these roaus were situateù, the work to be performed ùy statute labor. Yielding to this sentiment, the County Council in June, 1870, repealed t.he by-law by which these roads had been 3ßsumed by the county. As a result of this ad ion, his ùuties being greatly minimized thereby, the county engineer, 1\11'. Latham B. Hamlin, handed in his resig- nation. Six months' experience satisfied the County Council that a mistake had been made, and in January, 1871, the roads were again assumed by the county, anò Cyrus Carroll \V3ß appointed county engineer. 1 A census of the Dominion was taken in 1871, which gave the population of the county of Bruce as 48,575, an increase of 21,016 (equiyalent to 76 per cent.) during the decade that had elapsed since the previous cemms of 1861. rrhe assessment of the county during the allle period had increased from $3,997,187 to $8,398.651, or something ovcr ] 1U per cent. Both of these classes of figures give satif'factory evidence of the rapid, and at the same time sub- stantial, deyelopment of Bruce in that period. In the spring of 1 :-] a general election for the Provincial House of \. embly was held. In the north riding of Bruce, Donald Sin- clair wa::; returned hy i.wdamation. I n outh Bruce the contest was between 1\Ir. Edward Blake, who had at for this riding during the precf'ding term, and Alex. proa t, the representative of orth Bruce in the House of Commons, dual representation at that time being permitt('(l. rfhe ('l('(.tion W3 carrif'd h - ,Jr. Rlakp. who lIan a large majority of votes. In December, 1871, the John Sandfield \Iacdonald (:on>rmnent wa dpfeated. Ir. Blake wa then call1,,l upon to form f! ("ahiTwt. Hi undertaking to (10 ;::;0 onl'f' mor(' brong-llt him before tlH' ('h <-tor5 of onth Brul:e. Wl11'1l h(' \\"a C'lpctet1 hy acclamation. ,1 anuary 5th, 187'2. During 1871 till' 'Vellingtol1. Grcy and Bruce l{ailway made rapid pI'OgTC:':'. but fearing that it C"oulJ not 1)(' l:onstrnctecl to Southamp- ton ill time to claim the full amount of b()nu , the -President had a special meeting of the County Council held, at which he offered, if ll\Ir. ('arrull rt'tainel1 the ('uunt . engineership until the end of lR7í. the year in which the county finally handed over the leading roads to the municipalities in whir-h the ' wen' lucated. SOUTHERN EXTENSIOX RAILW A ï ll { the Council would extend the time for twelve months for the COll- tru(:tion of the la::;t ::;ection of the road, that is, from J:>aisley to Southampton, the company would hanù over to the county aU the \'unu:, it might reeeive from the goyernl1lcnt undcr an Act just passed. The Council held hack and nothing was done. .At the June H':-: iI)Jl of Council the railway company withdrew it offer, an action that awakened a good deal of ill feeling against it. rrhe company, 11m ing further fm"ors to ask, at length agreed to gin to the county one-half of what it might rel'eiye from the goyernment 1 on aecount of that part of its road lying within the county. There was nothing said, however, about exterlding the time within which the road" a:-: to be l'olllpletcd. An _\.ct of Parliamènt 2 pas ed that year gave the company permission to construct a branch to Kincardine from some point on the main line, and al o mdioned a sectional levy to pay for bon using such an c-xtension. The result of this legislation was another conflict between the broad gauge and the narrow gauge rail- wa) companies as to which was to :3('l'ure a bonus from the south- we tern municipalitit's for extencling tllf'Ü. road to Kincarùine). Ench eompany thi:5 year pl'l"'5sed on the work of l'on:;truction, the narrow gauge from the village of Arthur. to \\-hich it had been completed, while the broad gauge advertized in November for contractors to tf'nder for the construction of the road from Palllwfston to Luck- now, following up which, \\ ith the usual cert'llloni '.s, the first sod. of the f;outheru E-xtf'n;;;ion TIailwa,\O wa'i tlll'lH't1 at Listowf'l, D(,('f'm- IJer 1 Mh. J Jl tIll' contf'st for the hnnus, once more the "T. G. and B. Hailway was successful over its opponent, and we find that when, in Fehruary, 187?, a by-law waR suhmitterl to the l'atepayprs of the town:-:hips of Kinlo .c:.;, Huron and Kincardinp, rallting 51.000 to the \V. n. anù B. Hailway 011 condition that the road was cxtended to the lake at Kincardine, it wac; earried. By the condition of this hy-Iaw thCR!' thret> town..;hip:::; were to ,raise such an amount by a :-:e('- tionfll If'vy annuaHy as was required to pay the debentures and C'oupons that Wt're i :::uec1 in the llflme of the county for the $;)1,000 so Lonu p(l. 'fhC' railwil)' eompan '. besiù(' this. rpcC'iveò from the village of Kin('ar(lint a.n additional honus of 8,OOO amI fl'Om tlw county $' o,OOO. This latter a.mount was in reality the surrender of the share of thf' gOYf'rmnt'nt nonnR which the ('ompallY llad arranged, as mC'ntioned ahove. to hand on'r to the county. '$2; ,O()O of C'ancp]]pJ. dphpnturps C'omprist'c'I tht' rpf\ll1d lI1adp 34 YiC'. ('hap ï. 114 W ALKERTOX BECOMES A TOWN 'York on the main line of the \r. G. and ß. .Hail way was vigor- ously prosecuted during the season of 1811. As soon a:3 prillg opened parties of engineers were engaged in laying out the route; during the summer contractors were at work at several portions of the road, with the result that on K ovember 30th of that year the first locomotive steamed into the county town. The Dominion Government, after much solicitation, decided this year to make an extensive harbor of refuge at Chantry Island, the contract for which was secured by )Iessrs. Reed and 'Yalker, of Kinc lrdine. For the first four year:; after Bruce was set apart as a eparate (;Olmty the county town existed only as a part of the township of Brant. 'Yalkerton had not up to this date even sought incorporation as a village, although it had population sufficient to claim such, but its ambitious inhabitants desired that it should rank a3 a town from the first. To accomplish this (the population being only 995) it was necessary to have an Act of Parliament passed. This was done, and on February 15th, 1t)71, 'Yalkerton became a municipality, and without ever having been classed as a village municipality, took rank as a town. The summer of 1871 was marked by a heavy frost on the 3uth June, and also as being a very dry one; in consequence of this there were large bush fires, accompanied by the burning of many barns and farm houses in different parts of the county. The year 1872 witnessed several political elections within the county. As already mentioned, on January 5th the Hon. Edward Blake was returned by acclamation for South Bruce on seeking re-election when he became a Cabinet :Minister. On the passing of the Act doing away with dual representation he resigned, and in September R. 1\1. 'Yells and James Brocklebank contested the riding, the result of the election being the return of J\1r. 'V ells hy a majority of 146. At the general election for the House of Commons, held in August. Hon. Edward Blake was returned for South Bruce, his opponent being J\1r. Francis Hurdon, the late member, who retired from the contest subsequent to his nomination. In North Bruce, at the same election, John Gillies defeated the late member, Col. Alex. Sproat, by a narrow majority of 22. In other chapters of this history are to be found two events belong- . ing to 1872, the presenting of a stand of colors to the 32nd Bruce Battalion of volunteers, and the formation of an increased number RAILWAY CO IPLETED TO SOlJTHA)IPTOX 115 of High B(;hool districts. :But the most noted feature of the year was the completion of the railway to Southampton, the date of which auspicious eY( nt was Ðeccmber 7th, being the time agreeu upon when the bonus was gi\cn. The county at large has benefited and pro:-:pered greatly through having l'ailway communicatiollil with out- side markets, far more so than can be calculated, and its inhabitants can look hack with thankfulne $ to the enterprise of the people of a generation ago, who as::,umcd so large a burden of debt for the pur- po:-:c of bonusing this initial line of railway, which, with others since <:oll:,tructed, enabled the market.s of the proYince and the world at large to be reached by onr farmers and manufacturers at all seasons of the year. The bonuses to the Bouthern Extension Railway having been granted this year, work was commenced on it at both ends, ..T Ulle 10th being given as the date when the contractors commenced <1t Kincardine. The northern part of the county could not but cast Cl}vious eyes on the more favored inhabitants of the county dwelling south of them in regard to railways, and naturally commenced to aritate for a lJranch line "hich was to run from Paisley to Colpoy's Ray, but were unsuccessful in their efforts. Ten years were to pass before their -desire materialized, and they entered into railway COlU- JlJUnication with the re:;t of the world. Settler had in small numbers prcvious to this entered the two extreme northerly townships, Lindsay and t. Edmunds, and this y{.ar these two tmvnships "ere united for municipal purposes with Albemarle and Eastnor. The harvest of 1872 was an e"'{cellent one, a:s is shown by the Rhipments of wheat made from various points within the county during the fall of that year and the early part of 1873. The figures are as follows: Kin('ar] road:, wa:-i ailopted, and also from the route taken by the railway; the gravel roads and railway alike heing wholly or in part constructed by the t:ounty at large. 'fo l e what therf' wa in these murmur of òiscontcnt, the County Council at its fir:;;t mepting: in 1873 pas::.eù. a motion a king .J nòge Kingsmill to investigate the alleged grievances and report thereon. The report \\a mad\' awl pre ('nt('d at tlH' June se sion and discu seiL and also again at the December se sion, hut resulted in no adion lwing taken; the expenditure proposed, to construct certain road .....\) that all might share alilü', \\"<1.": llIore than the heavily ta-xeù rate}Jayers wouhl haye stood. so the matter, after much df'hate. was allowed to drop. 'r1w ne('es ary preliminary steps requirl'<1 for incorporation were taken in U373 hy the three villages of rort Elgin, rai ley ana Lu{'k- 110W. In reg-a l'd to the latter village a difficulty arose owing to its I.,-ing l'artl - in the county of 1Iuron. h was not until the following <:::ummer that the part lying in Huron was aDne eò to Bruce. when the lattpr county assumed the amount of dcbt apportioned to the village of Lucknow of the total indebtedne s of the county of Huron, tn(' amoHnt heing $1,200. ITotal refunò.ef) in 1 ï4, $ïl,281.14. Total rt.'Íllnl1ed ill IS;5. $;)2.918.36. Total refunùed in 1 Fl7l), $13,u29.14. Total refullc1ed in 18ï.. $3,430.91. In all, $142,639.,')5. distrihut<,d as fol1ows: AILemarle. Eastnor, Lindsay and t. Bt1nmnds, $1, 1!)1.f);); _ mabcl, $,:;,238.44; Arran, $10,97;1.79; Brant, $H,ß42.!52; BruC'e, $10,4ß4.44; ('arrick, *13,122.29; Cu]ross, $11.186.76; Elderslie, $8,330.40; Gr<,cnoC' k, $8,788.11 ; Huron, $11,970.47; KinC'ardine Township. $12,194.83; KinloHs, $9,] 08.38; Haugecn, $5,246.81; KinC'ardine Village, $5,567.02: Lucknow, $1,128.93; Paisley, $2,844.62; Port FJgin, $2,195.20; Southampton, $2,463.54; 'Valkerton, $3,239.3':>. The division was on th<, basis of population as shown by the censns of lS71. The amount allocated to Bruce was about $2.93 per henò. . RAILWAY CO}[PLETED TO KINCARDINE 117 _\le . ::'proat, \\ ho had lillea thc otlice of t:Ollllt) treasurer :;Ïnce 'jay lUth, 18G-!, hanJeLl in his resignation at the December e sion of the County Coun<.:il, which was acccpted, to take effect at the end of' the ,year. llis suece::.::;or. ,James G. Cooper, \Va:-; at the ::;ame time <'l'poillted. hi=- dutie to cOlUmence January ht, 1;'" 4' L )lr. Cooper had \\ orked 1l a=-:-:i=-t.lllt to )1 r. ;:;proat for a ll\llllber of year::;, and \\:1:; full,\ com er"':1l11t \\ ith the ollice and it::; dutic . The inhabitants of the Indian Peninsula, who in 1872 had been :-dll'lIling" to g-et a hnlllt:h linc of railway from Pai:;ley, in 1:::\73 first learnt of the proposition of the Lake Erie and Stratford Railnay to push its line throu h tc Colp\lY' Bay. the t rallJ Trunk ltailway being at the back of the project. The railway to Kincardine was completed ill the fall of 1:::\73, Lut owing to the". G. and E. ßailway Company being financially straitened, owing tl) the gO\ ernm('nt not paying the promi::;cd bonus, it \\as not hanùca oycr iJy the contractor::;, but wa::; run by them for :1 year. [n the mini::;tr ' formed by HOll. Alex. :Mackenzie in November, ]K-;-:L tlw HOll. Edwar(l Blake took oUice, ana on(',' morè he had to apl'('ar before the electors of South Bruce seekiu their ,::,uflrages. He \\-as returned ulloppo:::e(l Decemher 4th. :Mr. l\Iackenzie not feel- ing t:onndellt of his majority in the House, Parliallll'llt was dis:,olved ,f<1n1lcat:f'ful. la\\"-ahiding" inhahitant:-: of the- county \\ ere ur- I'ri ,'d and :-:]l/H'!\.\,d ill the ....pring of the year when they ll'arul'd that. it horder had ontl' 1II0re been taill\'d II) the t:rime of 1llufller, wlúch th'l'lorahle ('\('ut ()('('UlTl'l! )1<11'1'h I ';'th. l j;L in tlll' ,icillity of Raic tin Dore. One Ueorge Pl'i,,(' wa:-: the Yletim. .\ tri\"ial matter orig- iuat".lll di:'plltc h('hH'('ll two familil':-: that ll'll to hlo\\:" \\hieh, later ou. wIlt'n \\ hi:-:kl'Y had he,'n fl'l'l'l.\' partakl'l\ of. n'..;ultl'tl in all a:-:sault being maùe in which Priee was kill,',l. .r amC's .f ohll ton was COI1- ,ictl'd of tlH' crime and r(,(,l'ivcd a dl'ath 1":lltenl:e, "hi('h \\ a l'ommuÍl'.l to life imprisonment. }"our other implicateù in the l'a";l' rC('l'iY('ll sentences varying- from c:ix month to three years' impri OllllH:'nt. That tlll' rl'ad('r ma.' bl' f'uahh'd to }Hl\1' :,OIn,' i,l('il of what \\l'l"e tll\' pro,lud..; of tlH' ,'ount.y in Hit. pal'l.'" .. :-("l'llti(' ." anc1llw proportion ll RAILWAY COMPLETED TO TEESWATER or each, there is here gi\en a statement of shipments from \Valkerton station from 1st September, 1873, to 20th .Tuly, 1874: ""heat, 160,000 IJl1:3h<.>l . Uat , (),500 bushels. Barley, 2-:1,500 bushels. Pea::;, 5,200 bushel . Flour, 5,300 barrels. Oatmeal, 50J barrels. Eggs, 2,100 barrels. Dre sed hogs, 25 cars. Lumber, 202 cars. Lath, 6 cars. Bark, 4 cars. Potatoes, 20 cars. Butter, 6 cars. The above, no doubt, fairly shows what Bruce at that time pro- duced fur eÀport. Compared with to-Jay, when stock, dairy pro- JUCLS and manufactures generally forlll a large percentage of export , the change is very marked. Two years after the advcnt of the \Y cllington, Grey and Bruce Hailway into the county the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway reached Teeswater, it being opened to that point on the 16th oyeru- ber, 187-:1. It was hoped that the road would be extended to the lake shortly afterward, but these hopes ha"e not been realized. In the period when operated by the parent eompany such an eAtension could not be made on :financial grounds; since it passed into the hands of the Canarlian Pacific Hailway, the reason for not pnshing on to a lake port is said to be an understanding that existed between the two great railway companies not to encroach upon the tl'rritory of the other; this understanding has lapsed, and hopes are hright for a further extension of this railway within the county. The Southern Extension Hail way was after long delay taken oyer by the 'V. G. and B. Railwa ". and from 17th December, 1874, it has been operated by that company or its snccessor, the Grand Trunk Railway. The preliminary steps towards erecting the yillagc of Teeswater into a separate municipality having been taken, the County Council in June, 1874, passed the necessary by-law whereby Teeswater became an incorporatpll yillage on the 1st January following. The time was certain to come when Bruce would cease to be looked upon as a locality to which settlers might go in search of a home, and change to one from which emigration to new settlements might be expecterl The latter period was certainly reached when a meeting- was held at Southampton April IGth, ]8ì5, the object of which was set forth in the following motion, which was duly car- ried therpat: "That from the experience we have had as settlers in the county of Bruce, we believe the system of settling by the forma- tion of a colony is attended by less hardshipR and privations than many of us endured in the early settlement of this county; that being anxious to plant a colony in thp province of )Ianitoba from the E nGRATION CO)IMENCES 119 county of BruC'e, immediate step be taken to further thi8 project, and that a suitable location be made as speedily as possible." At this meeting" The Bruce )Iutual Colonization Company was organ- ized, and James :Stirton was appointed to select a proper location in Manitoba. The mo\ement so started proved to be the prelude to a large emigration, whidl has not cea ed, of the mU:5t energetic and enterprising of each generation, as it appeared, until the western prairie land seem8 to teem with those who are proud to say that they come from the county of Bruce. A general electioll for the House of Assembly was held J s in \\ hich they were situated. A petition bearing over two thousand signatures \Va:; pn\sellted to the County Council at the December session of 1876, asking that body to appoint a day on which a yote i'houlc1 be takpn whether there should he pnfor('pd the proyisiollS of the ., Temperance Act of 186-1," eommonl ' known à,.; the .. Dunkin Act." The Council, at the session held in .Tune fonowin . :fix('d eph'lllbel' l th. 1877, as thp requireå datp. Thl' vot(' then givcn shO\H.tl a majority of l.U . of a total yotp of h.352. in favor of the \ct coming into force ill the county. which it did 1Iay ht. 1R78. In Rruce tIt(' Act had but a short life, it heing found to have inherent defects that made it unworkable, and 1Thf' rf'fllJl(1 paid for thi.s hni1di.ng. whieh f"ost approximately $-J..Iì(lO. and also for an f'xh'nsion to tIll' gaolf'l".s l"esidf'ul'f', built that year, ('osti.rg about $1.400. , ALE"-. SUA\\, K.C. p.123 --./ ,1. .J. KI:\I;SmLl. I' ; ..-. 1. ".n.Llnf (;('XX p.105 IIE:\I:\ ('n:t;II.I. p. 1 :!ö BL"SI XE DEPRESSION 121 consequently failed l in the enù sought, and was therefore repealed a far a this county was concerned. The ratepayers voteù, by a majority of 1,347, to that effect when the question was again sub- mitted to them January bt, 18'19. The ...\.ct cea::::cd to be ill force ill Bruce from 1st Ia)" following. \t the opening of the \ ortlwl"l1 E\.hibitioll, helù Uctober, 1 .1, the ("t)unt) town wa honored by a \'isit from Lieut.-Go\el'lwr V. .d.. .\[acdonalù, who hall (.ollscntt>ù to ('ome and open the E"\.hihitioll. He was greeted by a large concourse, despite most unfavorable weather. \.gitation for llIon' railways \Va,-; in till' air during 1:::;; . \\ïarton til1 hoping to ohtain a litH' from tl'at[orù. ilwl \r,ll1...l'rtOll to get a linc from )IOUllt Fore t, to l:onned \\, ith the T. (L ..lUd B. Hailway. Owing to financial inabilIty this railway company could promise nothing towards the con truction of the prop05ed l'Àten:Úon, but úffered to run and keep in repair the line if lJUilt. rrhc )"mr ended ",ith tù.e qucstion still untIl'r discussion \, hcther or no the munici- palitie:-; to be henefih'd would achance the needed amount, some $:250,OUO. The harvest of 1876 was a poor om'.::::o much o that many farll\('r did not find thpir el"O}' of wlwat utti.eient to supply the nepcl:- of their falllilie . .\5 a natural consPl}uenc.t'. th(' following Yf><1r wa 011(' of marI...efl husineæ dcprc-:;;sioll. Bruce wa, not a lone in thi:-; e\. perience, a we find, arising from variou other tallSl' . such was all1lo t world-wide in extent. Although th" hanc t of 18'17 prowfl to be an excellent onc in Erucf', it ('ouM not remove the com- lIlercial depression that wa, o far rcaching. About 1877, or a year or two ('artier, the author has not been ITIH' following extrad, from tll(' Hrll(,( J/ lTald, of ,rune ith. 1 Sil.;. rt'tie<'Ìs the coudition of affairs pn.tt.v gl'nNally throughout the I'ounh l"t'garding t}l(' enfor(,l'IIIl'nt of the Duukin Ad : " TIIPrp Iws, so far :is WI' han' hl't'n a]'ll' to It':uu, hl'pn nothing ùonl' in this fwdion of thl' l'ount.v to enfor('{' till' Dunkin .\d. If the prl'sl'nt state of afrairs is allowl'd to contilllil', WI' !'hould a." that the passage of that .\f't has he('n a positive injury to tit(' ('011I11I 1m i t.". Thl'rl' is uow no liquor law in for<,e in the <'Ollllty :1Il.1 tlIP lil/uor cl('al('rs havt' every- thing their own way. 1'his is a serious t,,'il, :ind the telllpl'ranf'l' organi7a- Hons are nlainly responsible for it. Had it for a JIlOUII'nt hl'l'n supposed that the." were not preparell to han' tlH' ,\d put in for('t' tl\('re would have Il1'en fl'wl'r votl'S ('ast for it than tlH'rl' ",as. The tl'IIlIWraIW(' organi7a- tions, in agitating for thl' passagl' of tht> .\d, haY!' assullll't/ a Tt'spon8ihilit.' whiC'h thl'Y (.annot gd rid of. It was not to produc(> a '" Or8l' state of things that outside support was giV('11 tht'lI1, aud if thl'.' '" ere not prepared to carry thl' A<'t into ('{fed. it would han' hl'en far h(,ttl'r to hav(' 8]]0\\I"'(] matters to rl'lI1ain as they \\"I'rl'. The Duukin .\(.t has 11I'l'n produdive of nothing but evi] so f:u." 122 THE GRANGE able to obtain the exact date, the organization or order known as "The Grange" was introduced into the county of Bruce, which was some two or three years after the Dominion Grange was formed. Its membership was confined to those engaged in agriculture. }Iany lodges were ol'clled within the county, the total of which must have numbered nearly one hundred, judging from the only data the author has been able to obtain, which gave twenty-two subordi ate lodges in what was known as the Lucknow Division. The aim of thc Grange was to advance the interest of the farmer. One of the means of doing so was by an effort to bring its members, the farmers and the manufacturer, into doser relations, and to do away with all middle- men as far as possible. Another aim was to draw the farmer out of his isolation, so that by an interchange of ideas and by united ction to strive to promote common interests. In carrying out these oùjects thc Dominion Grange purchased and conducted "The People's Salt Co." at Kincardine. There was also established a o-called wholesale warehouse at Toronto which filled orders for goods as sent in by the various lodges on the requisition of its vari- ous members. rrhi::; practice of sending away for artieles of common home consumption, to the loss of the local storekeeper and mechanic, fToduced strongly antagonistic feelings against the Grange by those who ::iutfered a loss of business as a result of the above-mentioned practice. The Grange reached its fullest measure of activity in Bruce during the early" eighties," hut it fell off rapidly, and it is doubtful if there arf' more than three or four active lodges in the county in 1905. The reader must bear in mind that.. The Grange" was not in any sense a political movement; it differed in this par- ticular from the later movement, in the" nineties," known as that of .. The Patrons of Industry," referred to Ül the succeeding chapter. It is not the object -of this history to refer to events outside of the county except as they may have affected it. The political campaign of 1878 was ::iuch an event. It wa , from a Dominion standpoint, ph-otal in character, for in that year the election contest was oyer the " ational Policy" question as laid down by the leader of the Conservative party, Sir John \.. :Macdonald, and which WfI'< enthusi- H tically sustained by the country at the polls. There is no doubt that the fall of the Liberal government arose from its unwillingness tf) take any action having in view the amelioration of the commercial depression referred to in the preceding paragraph, holding fixedly to the theory that anything the government might attempt in that DEFEAT OF EDWARD BL\h.E 123 line would eÀert (1.., much inft uence a;:, "a fly on a wheel;" as the Finance Iinister eÀ'pre sed it, a phrase remembered for many a year. The election wa" fiercely cOlltc:.;ted in hoth ri,ling:; of Bruce. Hon. Edward BlaI\.1' at first declined to accept the nomination, but ()D pressure being brought t() hpar, and the party leaders in the riding guaranteeing his electil)ll without a personal ('an,a:, on hi::; }Jart, hl' con:-;cnted to run. The Con l'rvati\e <:alldidate wa::; Alp,anùcl' ha'\. I:- \\ ()rkell \\ ith a dPÍI'rlll inatioll to win. When the votes were counted Mr. Blake, so often the choice of South Bruce, was found to be in a minority of 75. In X orth Bruce the suffrages of the electors ''':'I'e sought hy John GillieF- and Col. d. Sproat, who again, and for the last time, contested this riding, which resulted in Ir. Gillies being returned by a majority of 156. For a nmnht'l" of -ears thf're had heen constant l'olllplaint. at the time the County Council struck the annual levy, regarding unequal as...t's...ment amung tIll> ,ariotl:- Illunicipalitie:.;. Tu enablt' justi('(' being done to all, the County Council in July, 181b, appointed James Rowand, of aug(,pn. and 11. L. )rcKinnon, of TiYel'ton. t() make a valuation of the a:- ":-: ahk real pruperty in the emmty. Tlip.\ com- lHf'Ill"CÙ their dmit,:- :-hortl - afh'r tIll' (1.1tl' ()f t1wiJ' al'pllintlllt'llt. but \\ere unahle tu <:OIl1plptp their rt'port so that it might he llSl'd as a lm,.is for pC]ualizing tIlt> a:-::-e:- ment of lR'ì , hut that of 1 1I antl the nine following year:' \\a.... :-:0 ba:-:('Il. Tlwir work \\:1... ...ati:,factory to the County Council, and it seem to have been the m('an of settling a long-:,taniling grie\ anre. Thp total a ::;essmpnt of tllt' l'O\mt was li.i f'rl * I'!'2.!)()fi hy the rPl'ort. In response to a petition of the County Council the House of ,\ 'eJl\hly pa:-::-:('d an Art 2 to ('nalll(' the e()unt . ()f Hrnet' to êl&;:ounl(' rhr' railway dpht of the municiralitie that had honu...p.] till' outhern E\tpll ion and T. n. G. nn0 H. H:1ih\ay . Thl' lW,t :-:It'l' ...hould ha\e 1.\lexandf'r Shaw, K.C., was born in the township of Ramsay, Janu:u nth, 1 3, amI T('ceiv('d his ('ducation in the town of PC'rth Whf'Te he also stl1òied law. He cam(' to Brl1l'f' in ] .)s. ana Sf'tt1C'ù at Kin.'ardin(', whl'rf' he marriC'ù Anna. aal1 ht('r of Petf'T Rollt'rtson. nwrl'hant. and has had a family of fivf' flnns and two dal1ghtf'rs. Whf'n Walkerton bl'l'ame tJlf' ('ounty town hI' IIIOVl'd thC'r., and was appointl'd count solicitor in I81.i,. which Oml'f' hf' has retainf'd since. At the general f'lection in IS78 he ùf'ff'atC'c] the Hon. Ethvard Blal;;:f' in the rontf'st in Routh Hrurf', but in lSS2 fnÎ]f'd to hC' r(,-f')f'l'tf'fl. Tn h!1f1 he ran as an Tnllf'pf'naC'nt for ('('ntrt' Rru('f', lwÎng opposC'd h ' \\'. ðL Dark, who carri('(l this dl'l'tion. Mr. 811a\\ stands at the head of th(' Rur in Bruce, anù 1)\' lIIan'- ,pars is thf' old.'st pral'tising law."f'r in tllf' county. .. . z..Jl Yil'. ('hap. 1. 124 AUGEEN VALLEY RAILWAY l\l'en the submitting to the ratepayer::; of a by-law for their consent to the ('ounty a::; ullling this indebtcdne :::;, but on seconcl thoughts the County Council decided to take no further action, consequently the Act bccame inoperative and the local lllunieipalities obt<Üned no relief. rrhe eastern part of the county had the subject of railways brought before it continuously throughout 1 ' . \r alkerton was anxious to obtain a competing line of road, and succeedeù in haying the t'iaugeen Valley Railway scheme launched, the company being incorporated in 1878 by Act of Parliament,! .Tohn :McLay, Registrar, nd Dr. A. Eby, Editor of the Telescope, both of Walkertun, were appointed prl."sident and secretary when the company was organized. 2 Stock-hooks were opened and a fair amount of stock :iuh;;;cribed. lUVt'YS were also llladc to show that the route proposed pre::;puted no pe("ial engineering difficulties. Public dinners and speeches, hav- ing ill yiew the e-xciting of puhlic interest, were giyen and seemed to attain their object, but through some mismanagement the scheme, after being before the public for a number of years, ceased at last eH'n to he spokl."n of. The other railway s hellle was that of the tratford and Lake Huron Haihyay, from Listowel to \Yial'ton. Bonu by-laws were submitted to the ratepayers of Brant, Elderslie, \.rran, \lbcmarle and \.mabel in the fall of Ib7 awl carried. In CarriC'k and Eastnor similar hy-Iaws were dl.feated. The honu:::es granted by Bruce municipalities to this railway are gi, en in a foot- note. 3 nccemher, 187 , is the date when Tiyerton, the 8mallest of the ,-illage mnnicipalitil' within the county was ineorporatef1. rrhe next yjllage to seek incorporation wa-::; Chesley, which in this respect was just a year behind Tiverton, but nevertheless has forged ahead of it and ew'ry otJlf'r of the newPr yillages in the connty, \riarton alone e)..('eptf>d. The year 1879 was rather uneventful as far as the county :is a whole was concerned. 1'he harycst was an e-xeellent one. rro aid in Eceuring it f>1f-hindinp" rcapcrï:: wpre u ed for tl1f> fir t time. Duncan In Vie. ('hap. 52. 2The fir!'t soa for the proposed road ,vas turnea at \Yalkerton. )[arch 1st, 1880, by the President :mil l\Ir. .T. P. .Johnston. 3ThI' fol1owing ar(' the honuses grantEd to the :-;tratforll a III I Lake Huron Railway by the several municipalities named: Brant, $20,000; Elrlerslie, $3,'),000; (,hesley, $10,000; Arran and Tara, $45.000; Amabel anù Wiarton, $45,000; Albemarle. $10,000; Total, $16;;.000. DIS IISS.\L OF THE HEGISTRAH 125 and _\rchibald Ki})pen, of Bruce, and C. Thedc, of :::)augeen, being tredited a::, heing the introducer::; of these lllad1Ïne into the county. \ general electiun for the Hou::;e of _h elllbl.r tallle off June 5th, ]t\,!), in whidl ll. L \\Tell::: secured a majority over Hobert Baird in the south riding. while in the nurth rilling, Donald Silldair was again returned, hi:, opponent on thi::: oCta ion being .J. \Y. S. Biggaro Tara, the younge t of thL' village lllunicipalities in Bruce, became in<:o1'l'orated by by-Ia\\ ill .J une, lSSII. Wiarton pretedeù Tara by a few months, ::.ecuring incorporatioll hy a ::-:pecial Act uf Parliament.! The town plot being partly in the eOllnty of Grpy and partly in Bruce, thi :-:peeial \.ct was a:::;ked for .'Ü a:::; to pf(>\ ent auy ùifficulty such as Lucknow, similarly situated, had experienced. On becuming anneÀcd to Bruce ('Ollllty it i.l:.:::;umed the amount of ùebt appurtioned tú the rjllage of \\ïarton of the illd thl> appointment. and held the office till his d(,'lth in 1900. '-t:J \ïco ('hap. .Hi. C'e roullt r of Bru(oC' B '-Jaw No. 173. 3Donal.] SiIII'Jair was horn in thC' IsJallll of IsJa\', :O;cotlan.l, in .Tuh', lS 9. Hp immigratC'd to <':ma<1a with his parents in is:)], who sl'tt)C'd tile foJIowing year in \rran. fr. Sinclair loame to Brul'I' in IS,-;3 and followl'd thl' profC'ssion of a f!C'hoo]tC':lt'hC'r )lI'rC', and also J3tl'r in tht' vi('inity of Toronto. Prum 1H:ïH 11C' w:tS I'I'rmallt'ntJy a rt'!'idl'nt of RruC'C'. Tn I '\G;I hC' was C'le('tf'd tll'l'uty rC'l'vl' of .\rran. Tn IS()!"I rr. SilH'lair mon,a to l'aislC'y alld l'urri('(l on a g('llI'raJ store. In the gC'neral {'Iection of 1 ti7 he was C'lected as llIl"mbpr IIf t Ill" House of .\ !'ISf'm hl.v, h ' a('(' 1.1111,1 t ion. for 126 CENStJS RESULTB The census of the Dominion taken in 1881 showed the population of the county of Bruce (see Appendix L) at the highest recordcd point, the number being 65,218, certainly a wonderful development in population during the thirty-three years which had elapsed since the first settler entered the count). To enahle the reailer to forIll an idea of the material wealth of the county of Bruce at this time, there is given in a footnote! the equalized assessment of the several local municipalities for the year 1881; these figures have changed but little since then, except in the case of some of the towns. Early in December, 1881, the contractors had the rails of the Stratford and Lake Huron Railway laid to V{iarton, but traffic to the riding of North Bruce. This seat he held until 1883, when he was appointed Registrar of Deeds for the county of Bruce. In April, 1871, he married Isabella, daughter of Thomas Adair, and had a family of two sons and three daughters. In politics he was a LiberaL In religious belief he was a Baptist. Mr. Sinclair possessed a character for upright- ness and integrity, ever having the courage to uphold his convictions. His death occurred November 19th, 1900, at Toronto, wh('re he had gone to obtain medical advice. He was buried at Southampton. lEQUALIZED ASSESS1\IEXT SCHEDULE FOR 1881, AS PASSED BY COCNTY Cor (,IL OF BRUCE. Albemarle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _-\.mabel ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arran ... . . . . . . . . . . . - . Bran t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bruce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carrick .. . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Culross ......................, - . Eastnor. L. .\: t. Eù. .....:. EldersIie .. . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Greenock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIuron .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KineardilH' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kinloss. . . . . . . . . , . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . Saugeen ......,........ - . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total of Townships .........,... Chesley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lucknow ................ . . . . . . . . Paisley ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port Elgin ........................... Southampton . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . Tara ............................'..- Teeswater ............. ............. Tiverton ............................ Kincardine Town .................... Walkerton . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\Viarton ...................... Total of Towns and Villages..... Total Assessment of the County of Bruce $156,23b 726,858 1,843,490 2,618,302 2,13ï ,520 2,31b,270 1,765,720 181,047 1,755,765 1,582,680 2,145,990 2,213,640 1,380,170 1,169,465 $21,993,155 $176,440 299,750 310,530 422,097 159,225 105,820 210,100 117,480 851,620 722,205 70,481 3,445,748 $25,438,903 1881 127 t.hat point wa:, not IJpened oJ1il.iall.,' until 1st .\ugu;:;t of the follow- ing )ear. This line of railway ha been one of the mo;:;t profitable in the county, 3;:; oyer it is cêl1'l'ied a large part of the commerce of the peninsula. I Jl r cordillg the completion of the above-mentioned railway, tl}P adhor brings this chapter to a do:::e. a the title of it, " Full Develop- llIl'nt .\ttaine(l," at last had bpcome an accomplished fact This !'tatement might be qualified hy a}ing thi.1Ì what further development has takl'n place !'ince has beC'u along line...; whieh were then in exii'lt. ('nee. CHAPT Ell VIII. TIIRIVIXG AXD PROGRESSING. 1882-1906. rrUE title given to thi8 chapter is one by which the author would ct to being sustained by a majority of the electors of the province, was intended to prohibit the ale of liquor within the province except by licensed druggists under certain rætrictions. This Act was sub- mitted to the electors to be voted upon on December 4th, 1902. This balloting was known as the "Referendum Vote." The vote cast in Bruce gave the largest majority the temperance party ever obtained in the county, for particulars of which the reader will please consult Appendix R. / "The Representation Act" passed by the Dominion Parliament in 1903 reduced the number of representatives from Bruce in the House of Commons from three to two, the ridings to be known as North and South Bruce. As this Act did not come into force until the then existing Parliament dissolved, the by-election, held Feb- ruary 16th, 1904, following the sudden death of Henry Cargill, was for the old riding of East Bruce. In this election the two candidates were J. J. Donnelly (Con.) and A. W. Robb (Lib.), the former carrying the election. Situated on the Durham Road, partly in Bruce and partly in Grey, the village of Hanover had developed since it was known as "Buck's Bridge" until it had a population sufficient to entitle it to becomp inrorporate'c1. Rut the' npce ar ' tep we're dela 'ed. People asked why. If any answer were given, the delay was assigned to 12 Ed.w. VII. Chap. 3 . HA WVER 155 politicians who feared that the new municipality would unite with Bruce, on account of the proximity of its county town, which was only six miles distant, and its vote at parliamentary elections in South Grey would thus be lost. Be that as it may, the matter at length came bef-ore the County Council in December, 1898, when a petition was presented praying to have the preliminary steps for incorporation proceeded with. In January, 1899, a by-law was passed by the County Council granting incorporation, and that that part lying in the township of Brant be annexed to the county of Grey. The County Council of Grey, however, failed to take action to complete the annexation. This gave the inhabitants on the Brant side of the village time to consider the matter, with the result that they concluded they preferred to remain in Brant, so they obtained a repeal of the by-law. The Bentinck part of the village obtained incorporation, and then in 1903 obtained an AcP attaching their neighbors in Brant nolens volens to their village. This is the only occasion wherein the count.y of Bruce has lost any of its territory to its -neighhors. A pleasing incident to relate are the particulars relating to the cE2 Population of school age .......................... 32] Attendance of pupils ...,......................... 183 Number of Schools, log buildings ............... 3. Numb<'r of Schools, frame buildings .............. 0 Total number of CllOOls ....................... 3 18.")3 1854 367 438 199 321 3 4 0 1 3 5 )1r. Gunn, in his report for 18.13. says: " Onl ' three s(' hoolhuubt.s in the county at first sight seems disproportionate to the population, now over 10,000. It must be remember('(l. however, that the county may be said to be entirely destitute of roacl8, for. with the exception of the Durham and Elora roads, of sectional roads we have not a mile." LOCAL SUPERINTENDEXTs 161 Arran and Elderslie. The local superintendent was Rev. James Hutchison, who was a IllisslOnary of the :Methodist Church to the I ndians on the Sa ugeen Reserve. The Eastern District comprised the townships of Brant, Carrick, Uulross and Greenock. The local superintendent was Ir. John Eckford. :Mr. Gunn retained his office until the end of 185t\, excepting during the early part of 1t>57, when l\Ir. )Iatthew :McKendrick held the office. Rev. ::\Ir. Hutchison held office only during the year 1855. He \\OIH1-Author. 7 lö \\')[. GUNN'S PAPER ON SCHOOLS the office extending over such a wide range of country, he resigned the Superintendency for Bruce in December, 1852, and in January, 1853, without his knowledge or consent, :Mr. Gunn, now of \Yalker- ton, was appointed local Superintendent for the County of Bruce. There were at that time only three schools in the whole County, one at Kincardine, one at Southampton, and one in \Valkerton. These had to be visited twice a year, and the only mode of locomotion was on foot, the road often for long distänces being indicated simply by the surveyor's blaze, very few miles of roads having been opened in the County. The traveller in those days, in addition to a few necessary articles of toilet, found it very convenient to carry a moderate supply of crackers and cheese in his wallet slung over his shoulders, of which he could partake at noon by the side of some clear creek or spring. The settlers, however, were hospitable in the highest degree, and readily shared their humble meal with the travel- ler when he happened to come along at meal-time. The quality of the potatoes was always good, the salt excellent, and there was always bread and tea to be had, but fresh meat was a rarity for several years. "In 1853 and 185-1 considerable progress was made. Settlers were coming in freely and the population of the County rapidly increasing, the erection of school-houses was not neglected. The people, as a rule, did wonderfully considering their circumstances, and large were the demands made upon their muscles and purses in moving into this then wilderness country and making a beginning in e1earing the forest and erecting places to dwell in. "The school sections in the whole County were laid out about 1853 by the local Superintendents, the Municipal Clerk, :Mr. C. R. Barker, Dnd the Councils of the Townships, as these came into existence,! and so well was this done that very few changes were found necessary afterwards. "For several years the whole County had only one Reeve or representative in the United Counties Council of Huron and Bruce. This was the Reeve of Kincardine Township, but as the population and settlement increased, Reeves multiplied, and our voice became stronger at the Council Board. To the credit of the Reeves of the County of Huron it 'must be said that they were always most fair and considerate in all municipal action toward the pioneer settlers of Bruce. "In 1854, as schoolS began to multiply outside of the triangle formed by Kincardine, Walkerton and Southampton (and as the absence of roads in many places enhanced the difficulty and fatigue lExcepting Kincardine, there were 110 township councils - until 1854.. - \.uthor. GAELIC BOARD OF TRLSTEE 16;j of travelling on foot), :Mr. Gunn got the County Council to divide the County into three districts, East, Korth and \Vest. The late Mr. Eckford, of Dunkeld, was appointed local Superintendent of the Eastern District, composed of Brant, Carrick, Culross and Greenock; Rev. J. H. :McNaughton of the Northern District, com- posed of Arran, Elderslie and Saugeen, Mr. Gunn retaining in the \Vestern District Bruce, Huron, Kincardine and Kinloss. These gentlemen's duties commenced in 1855. "In 1856 considerable progress had been made in the erection of school-houses ready for opening in 1857. The Legislative grant had increased to $1,325.00, being an increase over 1855 of $1,053.00. The apportionment of Townships is not given in the Chief Super- intendents Heport. The Rate Bill in the County amounted to $603.50. The total expenditure for schools, $8,872.40. The total number of children attending school in 1856 was 1819, being an increase over 1855 of 985. The number of teachers in 1856 was 19, of whom 12 were males and 7 were females. The highest salary was $500 (paid by Kincardine) and the lowest $200. Of the 18 school-houses open in 1856, 5 were of stone, 2 of brick and 11 were of logs. Of those schools, 8 were opened and closed with prayer, in 10 of them the Bible - and New 'l'estament were used. Ten or twelve new school-houses were finished in 185'6, ready for use in 1857. "From this time on the progress made in all matters educational was very great and very satisfactory, culminating in the ample school accommodation and the thorough equipment for educational pur- poses of the present day. with a numerous staff of thoroughly trained teachers of the highest attainments. The old dark, dismal log school-house has everywhere given place to comfortable, commodious buildings, well lighted, well ventilated and well furnished. "Perhaps no new settlement in Canada was ever more highly favored than the County of Bruce in the class of men composing the pioneers of the County. The early School Trustees and muni- cipal Councillors of the County were men of gencrous minds and liberal ideas, many of them being men of excellent educational standing.! They laid the foundations broad and deep, as circum- tanf'P would permit, of the eduf'.ational system which now rcflects so much credit on the County of Bruce, the youngest county in Ontario. JThis remark of :Mr. Gunn's no doubt was correct in the great majority of ca!'!es, but some Board!'! of Trustees did not come up to this st'tnilard, for in his report for IS:i(j he says: " He had sometimes to traTI! act busi- ness with a Rchool Roard in Gaelic. as none of the Roar4); Cargill < Vo18. 1.!)3 ); Chcpstow{' (Vols. 3 3); Ches]py* (Vols. 1,9 ; ); Elmw80d (Vo]s. G.,)7); Glammis (Vols. 4-16); Hcp- \\orth (Vols. 1,011); Ho]yrood* (Vo]s. 2,1;")1); Kincardine <\TO]S. 4.5;") ); Lion's Hearl (Vols. 1,102); Lucknow (Vo]s. ,224); 'rildma:,' (Vo]s. 2,073); Paisley* (Vols. 4,232); Pinkf'rton (Vo]s. 1,1ì05); Port Elgin (Yols. 3,1 7); Ripley (Vo]s. 1.72/); RiHrsl1a]e (Y 0]8. 92 ); Southampton (Yols. 4;j1l ); TCf'sw")tf'r (Vt)]s. 3, li:J); Tara* (Yo]s. 2,009); ']'ivNton (Vols. 1.910); rndprwood (Vols. 2..)S ): \Ya]kerton (Vols. 3, ;)9); \\'('stforl1* < Vols. 1.123); \Vim.ton* (Yols. ..ï9(j). The total number of vo]umNI is 5,:>, 3. 17G PROGRESS DV RING FIFTY YEARS In bringing this chapter to a close it might be well to summarize and show what half a century has wrought for the cause of educa- tion in the county of Bruce. The first school in the county was opened in the summer of 1851 with sixty-six pupils; fifty years later this solitary centre of learning had developed and multiplied, as is set forth in the figures given in the report of the Minister of Education for the year 1901, which are summarized as follows: :!46 Public Schools, with .. .1 ,614 pupils. 4 High Schools, having. . .. 480 " 2 :Model Schools, training. . :lS" 8 Separate Schools, with. . 735" Receipts. . . . 133, i07 62 " 15 845 34 '790 00 S,Onl 56 260 schools. 1:l,H6i pupil!':. Receipts. . . . :-:158,344 52 The county of Bruce has no cause to think the money it has spent so freely in the cause of education has been wasted. Her young people have been fitted to enter the battle of life possessing the advantages arising from a sound education. From her schools have graduated many who now fill most prominent positions throughout our wide Dominion, bringing honor to those who have in an enlight- ened manner encouraged and maintained a high standard of education in their mother county. CHAPTER X. THE JIILITIA AXD VOLUNTEERS OF BRUGE. 1857 -1906. CAXADIAXS have a well-earned reputation for loyalty; its sin- cerity, as well as their courage, they have exhibited time and again by taking up arms in defence of their country and their homes. This admirable spirit ha:; not been confined to a few localities, but is wide- spread. That it has existed in the county of Bruce in a marked degree is something to be proud of. On the several occasions during . the last forty years when our land has been threatened with war, invasion or rebellion, its young men have hastened to fill up the ranks of the various volunteer companies which existed, or formed new ones, cheerfully leaving their homes when ordered away to the posts assigned them by the military authorities. Although it has not been the fortune of our volunteers "to have endured" the baptism of fire," they have manifested those characteristics which would have- enabled them to have given a good account of themselves if called upon to do so. They have realized that in time of peace we should be prepared for war, and since 18Gl, when for the first time in the history of this county the possibility of war was felt, one generation after another of our young men have voluntarily sought to acquire that knowledge of military drill and discipline which would enable them to effectively aid in the defence of their native land. The passing of the ":Mi1itia Act of 1855" put the militia of Canada upon 311\ improvef1 basis. "This Act divided the militia into two classes, sedentary and active. To the former only of these classes did this Act apply in the county of Bruce, as no companies of active militia were formed while it rrmained in force. The Act referred to says: "The sedentary militia shall (with some few exceptions) consist of all the male inhabitants of the age of eighteen and under 177 17b SEDEXTARY IILlTlA sixty." These were divided into two classes, the service men, of aU over eighteen years of age but under forty, and the reserve, who were of forty years and upwards. In time of peace no actual service or drill was required, "but they shall be carefully enrolled," and" the Eervice men shall also assemble for muster annually, on the Queen's birthday." The writer's first recollection of the Bruce militia was the witnessing of one of these musters on the market square, Kincardine, about the year 1857 or 1858. Shortly after the passing of the Act above referred to, the county of Bruce was divided, for militia purposes, into three battalion divisions. This division lasted but a short time, a further diviswn being made, which is detailed in the following extract from a general order dated 26th February, 1837: "His Excellency the Governor- General is pleased to direct that certain changes shall be made in the limits of the three battalions of the militia of the county of Bruce; and that three additional battalions shall be formed, to be styled respectively the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Battalions of the militia of the county of Bruce." The 1st Battalion was under the command of Lieut.-Co!. Pl'yse Clark, whose commission bears date of February 26th, 1857. He had been an ot1icer in the British army, and was present at the battle of "Taterloo. The next to obtain command of this battalion was Lieut.-Co!. George Jardine. His commission was dated :May 6th, 1858. The following were the first to receive commis ions as captains of companies in this battalion: \.. Roy, 'V. Smith, R. Reid, com- missioned 10th August, 1857; F. H. Lynch, N. Hammond,! J. T. lLieut.-CoI. BPlcher has possession of an historical docunwnt which is of special interest to the old-timers of Southampton. This article bears the heading. "Ron of Xo. 1 Company of the 1st Battalion of Bruce Militia, for the year 185 . Limits of Company: All that portion of the town plot of Southampton to tlw west of the centre of Victoria Street and the part of the village lying north of the Sangeen River. The names enrolled are as follows: X. Hammond, captain; .John Bastwood, 1ieutenant; Robert Han, ensign; .Tohn Belclwr, .James Hibbert, ,Toseph Gilbert, ser- geants; Richard )Idnnis, XciI I('Lpod, Thomas Tallon, .\1 ex. Sproat. .Tohn IcXabb, Donald Campbell, William Wallace, James Hogg, George Hamilton, Alex. Angus, Peter Angns. James IcCabe, Donald l\IcPherson, Robert Fur ', .Tames Calder, T. E. Davis, .Tames Kelly, AJex. McIntosh, .J mes McIntosh, \Yilliam l\Iuch, Samuel Baker, Edward Ferguson, Andrew Laurie, Thomas Smith, Edward Kennedy, 'Villiam Chisholm. Alfred Ditton, .Tames Peacock. .Tames Jack, James George, Thomas 'Vehster, Thomas harp. Thomas :Montgomery, John Murray, Alex. Munro, Peter McGregor, .Tames Fleming, J. D. Cathy, .Tames l\lason, Duncan Ross, Thomas .Adair, .Tames Orr, Alex. Robertson, .John Spence, Barth Higgins. .Tohn Lee, Wm. Rounding, W. S. Scott, M.D., Joseph Gilbert, Neil Campbell. Barber Fury Chandler." Of thiR list of veterans it is known that twelve were alive in 1900, the remainder having gone to their reward. MILITIA ACT, 18G8 170 Conway, T. Godfrey, D. :\IcKinnon, G. Buchart, commissioned 20th October, 1858; P. Smith and T. Lee, commissioned 16th December, 1858. The 2nd Battalion was under the command of Lieut.-Co!. John \Villiam Linton. His early military experience had been gained in Spain in the so-called Spanish Legion, fighting to uphold the claims of Queen [sabella against Don Carlos. The 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Battalions were commanded respec- ti \ ely by Lieut.-Co!. Francis L Berford, of Tara; Lieut.-Co!. John Valentine, of Paisley; Lieut.-Co!. Robert Ross, an old navy officer, who had been a midshipman in Nelson's day, a resident of Kincardine. Dnd Lieut.-Co!. Joseph \ralker, of Walkerton. 1'he first decade in the history of the county was one undisturbt'd by any thought of the possibility of war or invasion, and our militia existed simply in the lists of enrolled service men and in the com- missions held by those above mentioned, with others whose names and rank have been largely forgotten. That the list of officers was kept filled is evident to the writer by the examination of a couple (If old commi:5sions he has met with, one, dated 18th )Iay, 181ìO, signed by :::;ir Fen wick \Villiams, appointing George Goulù en ign in the 3rù Battalion,. the other, dated 5th December, 1862, signed b} Lord )[onck, appointing him lieutenant in the same battalion. \Vhen the excitement over the Trent affair arose, the officers and non-commissioned officers of the militia in some places took advantage of the presence of the drill instructors in our midst, sent by the 1 mperial Government to drill our volunteers, and formed themselves into classes or companies for drill instruction. The writer, at that time a sergeant in the 5th Battalion, remembers such a class existing in Kincardine and being drilled by Sergt. 1IcGee, of the 63rd n egiment. In 1868 the )Iilitia Act was again amended. Thi was followed by a general ordcr which directed, "That the boundaries of regi- mental divisions be idcntical with the electoral divisions into which the PrO\ince of Ontario is divided." This general order was dated 19th January, 1869. The above had the result of placing the reserve militia into the regimental divisions of the north riding of Bruce and the south riding of Bruce. Tn the first of these the following commissions were granted on 19th February, 1869: Lieut.-Co!. .\ndrew Lindsay, Major John Gillies and )Iajor James Rowalltl. On ?2nd -:\f arch, lS()9. tlIp commÜ: iong to the captain5: of companies l O FIRST CO)IPANY OF VOLUXTEERS were issued. They were to Co. 1, Robt. Scott; Co. 2, L :!\.1cKinnon; Co. 3, J. H. Coulthard; Co. 4, John :UcIntyre; Co. 5, James Stark; Co. 6, Andrew Freeborn; Co. 7, James Allen. The officer now in command is Lieut.-Co!. A. E. Belcher, who was gazetted as such September 10th, 1896. In the regimental division of South Bruce the following commissions were granted on 12th February, 1869: Lieut.-Co!. J oseph Walker, Majors C. R. Barker and Alex. St. L. Mackintosh. In August, 1875, 1:ajor Barker was gazetted as lieut.- colonel, and until his death, in 1899, held that position. The com- missions to the captains of companies were issued 9th April, 1869. They were to Co. 1, Malcolm McLean; Co. 2, Geo. Harvey; Co. 3, Pa ul Ross; Co. 4, John Phalen; Co. 5, James Johnston; Co. 6, Thos. Bradley; Co. 7, Robert Johnston. Having brought the history of the reserve militia down to the present time, we shall close what we have to say of it with this wish, that at no time in the -future may the necessity arise for it to assume more arduous duties than have arisen in the past. The outbreak of civil war in the United States in the year 1861 was followed by complications between that nation and Great Britain, which was generally known as the " Iason and Slidell difficulty," or "Trent affair." For a while it seemed as if the two nations were to be embroiled in war. The possibility of this was enough to kindle the fire of warlike enthusiasm in the breasts of the young men of Canada. From end to end of the country companies of volunteers were formed. The credit of taking the initiative in this matter within the county of Bruce belongs to the village of Southampton. A company was raised there under Captain Alex. Sproat 1 which was authorized by general order tlated December 13th, 1861. 2 Kincard- ine followed a year later and raised a company under Captain Alex. IThe two subaltern officers of the company were Lieut. J". W. Ridden and Ensign Alex. Sinclair. 2The reason why the village of Southampton had a company of volunteers a. year before any other place within the county arose in this wise: The annual muster of the militia on the Queen's Birthday was felt by many in the 1st Battalion Bruce Militia to be a useless proceeding and they refused to turn out. Lieut.-Co!. J"ardine had such as refused brought before a magistrate, who promptly :fined them. To show that no base motives had moved them in refusing to appear at the annual muster, they and others forwarded a petition to the Minister of MiHtia, requesting that an independent company of Volunteers be organized at Southampton, and offering that if the Government would furnish arms they would provide their own uniforms. This the Government held in abeyance, but on the appearance of trouble at the time of the Trent affair the order authorizing the formation of the company was issued. Sergeant Allerdyce of the KIXCARDIXE CO)!PAXY un Shaw. This company was liuthorized December 19th, 186 . Paisley followed close after and raised a company under Captain \Y. C. Bruce, authorized January 2nd, 1863. Lucknow next fell into line and raised a company under Captain :McDonald. Our rural popula- tion was not les'S enthusiastic, and we find that Kincardine Town- ship raised a company under Laptain \'ïlliam Daniel, which \Va::; authorized February 6th, 1863. The writer, who was a corporal in the Kincardine company at the time of its formation, has preserved some memoranda, jotted down at the time, which shows that the roll was signed December 5th, 1ö62. The officers were elected at a meeting held December 13th. These were Captain Alex. Shaw, Lieutenant J. Brownlee and Ensign Paul D. l\IcInnes. The first drill was on December 18th, held in the town hall; afterward the old furniture factory on Broadway was usen to drill in. The first drill instructor was Sergeant .McLean of the 17th regulars, ,\ ho finished his term of ten drills on January 2nd, 1863. He "as succeeded by Sergeant :McGee, of the 63rd regulars. who remained drilling the company for four months, commencing Iarch 12th, UH.i3. The first drill with rifles was on February 21th. The company was inspected by Brigade-)Iajor Barctto on Iarch 16th. The company paraded in full uniform for the first time on July 23rd, 1863. As there were a number of drill instructors provided by the Imperial Government, and a determination was manifested to get the various companies brought up to a thorough state of efficiency at as early a date as possible, there is no douht that the other companies in the county at that date would hm"e a somewhat similar record to that here given of the Kincardine company. The date of the formation of the other companies of volunteers in the county may as well be given here, although fornH'ù at later dates than the above-mentioned companies. These later ones were, f'3 a rule. organizeù under the excitement of anticipated Fenian raids. The company at Walkerton, under Captain John Chambers, was authorized July 13th, 1866. The company at Tara, under Cap- tain G. \V. Drinkwater. wa formed and authorized at the balHe time as the \Yalkerton company. rrhe company at )[ilòmay, under Captain ,T ohn P. Kay, was authorized May 10th, 1872. Teeswater at the sanH' time raised a company, unùer Captain ...\rchibald Gillies, whif'h regular army, a man who had seen much active sprvice, was sent to perform the dutiC'R of drill inRtrl1ctor. The company stood high in point of effieicuey amI C'arriC'II off the fourth pri7C' thC'refor in a C'omlwtition of all inllc- pendpnt C'ompanil's within this militar.\' Ilistrid. 182 DRILL SHEDS was authorized June 7th, 1872. In June, 1895, the headquarters of the )Iildmay company was transferred to \Yiarton, and a company was formed in that flourishing town, with Robert Lee Graham as its captain. As the drill of our citizen soldiers, as a rule, had to be performed in the evenings, after the ordinary daily avocations of the members of the corps were over, it was necessary to secure for each company ome large, well-lit hall. The difficulty of finding suitable accommo- dation was felt from the first, and applications for aid were made to the several local municipalities and to the County Council. In 1862 the village council of Southampton granted $120 for this purpose, and the County Council granted a like sum, followed by a further grant of $200 in 1867. Under similar conditions Paisley received 120 in 1864 and $200 in 1867 from the County Council. The drill shed at Paisley was erected in an unfortunately chosen situation, for it became undermined by the river and had to be deserted, what remained of it being sold in 1875 for $65. In 1868 Tara received 8'250 towards its drill shed from the County Council. Four years later Teeswater also received a grant of a similar amount from the County Council towards erecting a drill shed for its company of ,-olunteers formed that year. It W3;S not until 1885 that the Kin- cardine company obtained any money from the County Council to aid in providing accommodation for drilling. In that year the build- ing formerly used as a place of worship by St. .Andrews' congregation was for sale. The goyernment gave a grant of $300; the County Council then made a grant of $125, and the purchase of the build- ing was effected. The government subsequently granted $55 towards making alterations. Since that time the Kincardine volunteers have had ample accommodation. At the time of the separation of the counties of Huron and Bruce, there was a balance of $1,438.2'2 paid over to Bruce, this amount being Bruce"s share of an unexpended grant to volunteers voted by the -enited Counties Council in 1866. It was from this fund that the aid to the various drill sheds was granted. It had been decided in 1867 that $800 of this money should go towards a drill shed for the 32nd Battalion at Walkerton. In 1869 it was decided to increase this amount to $1.200. Subsequently an additional $120.80 for extras was paid, making a total payment by the county of $1,320.80 towards this building. The township of Brant also contributed to the extent of $300 towards its erection The construction of the '- FE IAN RAID, 1866 183 building was gone on with during the summer of 1869, George Haney being the contractor and James Benson, architect. Owing to the granting of large sums by the government for repair::;, the building was maintained in a good state of preservation until sold in December, 1899, to Henry Clark, who pulled it down five months afterward to re-erect it in another part of the town as a skating rink. rrhe companies of volunteers which were first formed in the county had two or three years to perfect themselves in drill before they were called upon to leave their homes for active service, the only change from the monotony of the weekly drill they experienced being target practice anti Queen's birthday parades, which always wound up with the firing of a feu de joie. If the rolls of these old- time companies were examined, it would reveal the fact that in the ranks were many men who were prominent in the community, in fact, its leading citizens. There has been a falling off in this respect of late years, but only because that in .. the piping times of peace ., drilling seems to be too much like" playing soldier;' but if necessity should again arise, the ranks of our volunteers would at once receive as recruits a large contingent of men who at present say that they have no time for such things. Saturday, the 2nd of June, 1866, was a day of intense excitement throughout our land, for on the day previous a large body of Fenians had invaded Canada, landing at Fort Erie. As this news was tele- graphed over the country, quickly followed by orders to the officers in command of the various corps to muster the men under their command and wait for marching orders, the seriousness of the occa- sion was brought home to all; but the fact of the existence of a large number of well-drilled volunteers to take part with the regulars in repelling thf' invasion of our land was a source of solid comfort to many. There was a great uncertainty rcgarding the mo' el1lent of thl':", armed invaders and of those who purposed to follow thcir e-\ 1l1lple as occasion offered. Rumors of the massing of men to in\ ade Canada at many different points were being circulated, and our troops wrre for\\arded to the most exposed places on our borders. noderich was contì(lent1y designated as a point where a detachment of Fenians thf'n in Chicago intended to effect a landing in onl('r to obtain control of the railway tE>rminus. ...\.cting on the probability of this being donf', the 'ariou ,'olunteer companic5' in Huron and Bruce were speedily (\<..:,pmh1c'd thrre to repulse any attack. The c()mpanie there 184 VOLUNTEERS AT GODERICH assembled were the Goderich artillery and rifle companies, and with them the companies from Seaforth, Southampton, Paisley, Kin- cardine Village and Kincardine Township. These remained in Goderich for about four weeks, until the alarm had subsided, wheli they returned to their homes, excepting the Goderich and Southamp- ton rifle companies, which were sent on to Sarnia, or rather Point Edward, where they remained until some time in .August, when any danger of further disturbance was past. A bare relation of the above facts conveys no idea of the excite- ment existing in those days. The author is fortunate, therefore, in being able to here give some reminiscences of Lieut.-Co!. .A. E. Belcher, at that time drill instructor to the Southampton company. and who was present with his company at Goderich and Point Edward. He says: "Our company was called out and ordered to embark at daylight next morning on the little steamer Bruce. There were very few of us who slept any that night. Iothers, wives and friends were on the dock to say good-bye, and I can assure you the women were not the only ones who had wet eyes that morning, for we all expected to face the enemy and the fateful possibilities were felt by all. At Goderich we were billeted at the hotels, our stay there being marked by some stirring incidents. 'Ve had regular drill, fatigue, guard and picket duty. Quite expecting to have vessel loads of Fenians from Chicago attempt to land at, or near, the harbor, we made preparations accordingly. 'Ve had a chain stretched across its entrance, and earthworks for our cannon crowned the top of the hill near Sheriff :UcÐonald's old residence. One day an alarm was sounded, owing to the sighting in the offing of a vesse1 carrying the long pennant of a man-of-war, and having the appearance of a gunboat. The whole force assembled to prepare for what might develop. "Ye felt assured that we had serious business on hand. Some field works were hurriedly thrown up, the cannon were brought into position, the men placed under whatever cover was available, and all made ready to give a hot reception to the Fenians. As the vessel drew nearer to the harbor she hoisted the Stars and Stripes, and proved to be a United States gunboat, with General Sherman and other officers of the United States Army on board, out on a cruise. Of course we were glad the scare terminated as it did, but it afforded talk for the boys for days. In case of a sudden alarm it had been arranged that the town bells were to be rung as well as to have the bugles sounded. One morning we were so awakened, and THE EYE: IY EX.PECTED 185 orders followed :;harply to turn out and fall in on the private parade ground, as the Fenians were landing at Bayfield, some ten or twelve miles away. How well I remember the excitement and confusion, men tumbling out of bed and putting on garments belonging to others, belts put on wrong side up or wrong side out, the bugles sounding the assembly, and sergeants hurrJing up the laggard"5. .At last the company was got into shape and we started for the market square on the double, a pace several could not keep up and had to fall out. On our arriving there we found other companies ahead of us and more news of an alarming character from the point named. 'Ye formed up, and fifty rounds of ball cartridge were served out to each man. Assisting in this I had an opportunity of noticing how serious were the faces of some of the men. There was a man there named Gregg, who, having a son in our company, had followed u,.: to Goderich, and was on hand at that early hour to cheer and encourage us. He went and bought a cheese and a large box of biscuits, which he distributed among our men. In the rear of our company a body of citizens had lined up, having armcd themselves with guns, rifles, or any implement of war theJ could lay their hands on, o as to take part in the expected scrimmage. The Goderich com- pany headed the march down the Bayfield road to the tune of ' 'Yhat jolly dogs are we.' "r e had not gone far when we were halted and found that the alarm had been a false one. Our stay at Point Edward was uneventful, our duty being the guarding of the Grand Trunk Railway station at that important point. From there," the gallant colonel said, in concluding, "we returned home full of glory, honor and pleasant memories." 'Yhile the volunteers were at Goderich the United Counties Coun- cil there held its June session. This was a fortunate thing for the \olunteers, as it forcibly brought home to the members of the Council that it was only at a pecuniary loss and with great self-sacrifice, that these brave fellows had left their various employments and places of business to take up arms when called upon to do so in defence of their country. Realizing this, the Council votcd that $10,000 be included in the levy of that year to SUpplt'111t'nt the government allowance paid the men. This was distributed on the basis of fifty cents a day to the family of each married Illan and twenty-five cents per day to each !'ingle man. The amounts so paid to the different eompanip from Rruce were as follows: Southampton. $94:0.25; Pai ley, *:1S!I.50; KincanlilH' Yil1age, !Þ288.75; Kincluòinc Town- 186 32xD BATTALION FORMED ship, $334:.25. In addition to this substantial expression of its feel- ings, the County Council passed the following resolution: "That the thanks of this County Council are hereby tendered to the volun- teers now in Goderich for so promptly responding to the call for the defence of our country against unprincipled and unproyokec1 aggression, showing themselves ready to maintain the honor of the British name. We would couple with this our thanks to all the volunteers throughout the province, especially to those who, under such trying circumstances for new troops, fought so nobly at Ridge- way, sympathizing with them in the loss they there sustained."! From the date of their organization until after their return from Goc1erich the four volunteer companies in the county which had been authorized existed as independent companies, but on the 1-1th of September, 1866, these, with the two companies formed that SUlll- mer at 'Valkerton and Tara, were by general orc1er formed into the " 32nd Bruce Battalion of Infantry;' under the command of Lieut.- Col. Alexander Sproat. 2 1'he battalion, as such, assembled for the first time in July, 1868, at Southampton and put in twelve days' drill. They were not under canvas on this occasion; a large tem- porary building had, however, been put up to accommodate the men. This first assembly W3ß marked by an unfortunate event which occurred during a sham fight, in which three companies were under the command of Co!. Sproat and the three others under the com- lS ee \plwlHlix R for list of names of those to whom medals han' been given. Lieut.-Col. Alex. Sproat "as, on his father's side, of Scotch tlescent. wbile his mother was a daughter of a r. E. Loyalist. He was born in the township of Esquesing in lS:1.J. He graduated from Queen's College at the a e of nineteen, and entered the engineering staff of the Grand Trunk Railway, then being construded. After the road was completed he com- menCf'd business as a provincial land surveyor, first at Elora, and afterward (]856) at Southampton. He filled the position of manager of the Com- mercial Bank, first at Southampton and then at \Valkerton. On the failure of that institution he became manager of the ferchants Bank in the latter place. He was county treasurer from :\[ay, ]86-1, to December. 1873. 1\fr. Sproat had the honor to sit for the riding o North Bruce in the First Parliament of the Dominion of Canada. As the law then stood a member of the House of Commons might also sit in the Ontario House of Assembly, so in 1871 Ir. Sproat ran for the Ontario Legislature in Süuth Bruce, but rr..et with a defeat, his opponent being the Hon. Edward Blake. He waa connected with the Volunteers of Druce from 186], and was Colonel of the 32nd Battalion for some veal's. In ] 80 he received the appointnH'nt of Registrar at Prince Albert; in the Korth-West Terri- tories. Being in the midst of the half-breed rising of 1885, he took an active part in suppressing the same. In religion h was a Presbyterian. He married a daughter of Alex. l\Ic abb, Crown Laud .Agent, who survived him. His death occurred August 20th, 1890. COLOR:::; PRESE 'iTED TO THE 32ND 187 mand of )[ajor ,Yo C. Bruce. The command to charge was given by one of the officers. As their opponents did not receive the order to retire in proper time, but kept on firing with blank cartridge, two of the men who were advancing at the charge were shot, receiving powder marks in their faces which they would carry through life. These men were under the care of the regimental surgeon all that summer. The ladies of this county have always taken a keen interest in our volunteers. Shortly after the battalion was organized they took step:5 to present it with a handsome set of colors. About $600 was collected for this purpo:::e} with which the two handsome flags, which are such a credit to the battalion, were purchased in London, Eng- land. The presentation of the colors was a red letter day in the history of the 32nd Battalion. The ceremony took place at Kincardine, and the presentation was made by )Irs. Sproat in the name of the ladies of the county of Bruce. The following is the addres which was read on tha t occasion: "To the Officers and Soldiers of the 32nd Regirnellt}- "I feel much gratified by the circumstances which have led to this interesting and imposing ceremony now about to hI"' p('rformed. and it is with much pleasure but great ditndence on my part that I am here to-day on the part of the ladies of the County of Bruce. "Soldiers of the 32nd, it has not been your lot to participate in other than such peaceful campaigns as the one you the full confidence of their men; while officers and men are alike in their desire to live up to the motto of the regiment, " Amor Patriæ." lCapt. A. Sproat, No. 1 Company, received the appointment of Acting Lieutenant-Colonel, September 14th, 1866, and held that position until commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel as above. 2Lieut.-Col. Scott was born at Simcoe, Ont., August 6th, 1858. He was educated at Simcoe High School, and called to the Bar in May, 1880. He resided from :March, 1881, until the fall of 1902, at Kincardine, when he removed to \Valkerton, to practise his profession in partnership with Alex. Shaw, K.C., the County Solicitor. He entered the active militia on June 11th, 1883, as Lieutenant in the 32nd Bruce Battalion; became Adjutant 15th :May, 1885 (the regiment then being concentr3.ted for active sen-ice in the North-West); was promoted Major, 13th January, 1888, and attained the command of the corps 24th December, 1891, being at that time the youngest commanding officer in the Canadian force. On the expira- tion of time limit he retired, 24th December, 1899. He bolds a first-class R. S. 1. Certificate. Politically he IS a Conservative. He was one of the vice-presidents of the Young l\Ien's Liberal-Conservative Convention of Ontario, held at Toronto, lSSï, and was for a number of years president of the Liberal-Conservative Association of Centre Bruce In 188 and 1887 he unsuccessfully contested 'Vest Bruce for the House of Commons. He was reeve of Kincardine for _ six years, and from 1888 to 1902, inclusive, was almost continuously a member of the Bruce County Council; ever efficient as a worker, his merits were recognized and he was made warden of the county in 1894. He is actively and prominently identified with many local organizations and fraternal societies. In the Orange and Royal Black Institutions he has been an active worker; is a Past County Master West Bruce, Junior Deputy Grand :Master Provincial Grand Orangf' Lodge Ontario West, and recently was elected Most Worshipful Grand Master of the Grand Black Chapter of British America. Col. Scott is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He was married, 1883, to Lizzie M., daughter of late Ald. Wm. Stanle ., of Toronto. They have a family of two sons and a daughter. CHAPT En Xl. TUE LXDLLY PESISSULA. 185-1--1 )OlÎ. 'fIlE fact::; to be l'elateJ in thi::; chapter may, to some readers, be of a somewhat uninteresting character, but they could not be omitted in a history of the county of Bruce. The particulars here given ref('I' to the throwing open for ::;ettlement of the augeen Peninsula, the Indian I..and Sale, and the subsequent connection and dealings of the Indian Department with those settlers who undertook to settle on and open up the most unpromising part of the county. Only transactions affecting the peninsula as a whole, or at least of more than one municipality therein, will be here mentioned. In the preceding paragraph the peninsula is referred to as the most unpromising part of the county, in support of which state- ment the author asks the reader to read the quotations from the reports of the county ntluators, as gi\ en at the beginning of the ('hapters following, on e3:l'h town::;hip. Good farming land in the peninsula is the exception, not the rule. Land that at one time had a fair amount of timher on it ha::; ueen burned over by forest fires, anll t1wrf' llOW remains nothing but bare rock-square miles in extent in SOllle places-Qn which a canty growth of stunted trees is to be seen. \Vhat good soil there is, seems to be either in hollow::; filled uy the wash from higher groulH1, or else land that at one time was a swamp, which having been drained has become excellent land yielding larg" l'I'OpS, till' towll hip of Ea:-;tnor gi\Ïng the Lest ex- ample of this. Notwithstanding the scarcity of large areas of good arable land, many of the sett1er who have remained in the pellin- !'ula arf' to-day ycry well-to-do, while the stock that cattle buyers bring in large quantities to Wiarton for shipment speaks well of t}w po:,:,ihilities of the peninsula as a stock-rai:;;ing ::;cction. The main rc:-;ource of the peninsula in the past has heen it:-; timber; how long that wi11 last is a mooted question. TIy the treaty made with the [nòians at l\Ianitowaning in 1836, as relatNl in Chaptf'r 1., the lands in thp peninsula were to remain in thf'ir pO f' ion JI) pl'rp,\tuity. On thi point ( p('aking of the 8 193 194 PE I ULAR SURVEYS Indians) a clause in the treaty reads as follows: ,. Proper assist- ance (shall be) given to enable you to become civilized, and to cul- tivate land, which your Great }-'ather engages forever to protect for you fI-um the encroachments of the ,rhites." As the years rolled by the demand for lands for settlement became imperative, so not- withstanding the aume-mcntioncd agrcelll nt, the Indian chiefs were approached, and after some parleying, consented to the mak- ing of another treaty (see .Appendix A), whidl wa:; concluded October 13th, 185-!, by which the Indians surrendered to the -Crown, in" trust, all the lands in the peninsula with the exception of special reservations mentioned, upon the following teTms. "rrhat the interest of the principal sum arising out of the sale of our lands be regularly paid, to ourseh"es and our children in perpetuity, so long as there are Indians left to represent our tribe, without diminution, at half-yearly periods." At the time of this surrender Lord Bury was Superintendent- General of Indian Affairs. He seems to have taken measures with- out much delay to have the lands as above surrendered opened for sale and settlement. To this effect he issued instructions April 26th, 1855, to Charles Rankin, P.L.S., of Owen Sound, to survey the townships of Amabel and Keppel, and that part of the present town plot of Southampton lying north of the Saugeen river. These surveys )lr. Hankin promised to have completed, and the plans pre- pared by the 1st October following. To accomplish this he had three separate parties of surveyors at work. In the meantime the Crown advertised a sale of these lands by auction, to be held at Owen Sound on October 17th, 1855. l\lr. Rankin, for some reason not known to the author, expected to have been appointed the agent to conduct this sale.! The government had another appointee in view, and on September 12th of that year \Vm. R. Bartlett, of Toronto, was notified that the position was his. This was far from satisfacto'ry to :Mr. Rankin, and as a result of his displeasure, when :Mr. Bartlett reached Owen Sound he found that there were no plans forthcoming of the lands advertised for sale; as a consequence, the sale had to be postponed indefinitely. The heated correspondence that followed between the Department and l\1r. Rankin, and the stormy interview he had with Lord Bury, are to be found recorded in a government blue book. The upshot of it all was, the plans were . 1 AH the rpmuneration was 5 per cent. upon all moneys derived from the sale of the lands, the post was one well worth having. LA D SALE AT OWEN OVND 195 promised to be supplied by April 30th, 1856, but Mr. Rankin did not get the appointment he desired. After a delay of nearly a year, the sale of Indian lanùs was at length held at Owen Sound, the date being rruesùay, 2nd September, 1t;36. The auctioneer wa::; J. G. Gale, of that town. The particulars of the sale are so fully anù explicitly given in Mr. Bartlett's official report that it is here given in full : .. TORo To, NOVEMBER 20TH, 1856. " ùir,-His Excellency the Governor-General having been pleased to entrust to me the conduct and management of the first auction sale of a portion of the Indian Territory in the Saugeen Peninsula, I have the honor to submit with my return all the Books and Maps connected therewith, and a Tabular Statement in detail, showing the result of the sale. 1 "The two southern townships, Keppel and Amabel, containing about 144,000, were the ones sold. Every lot was put up by the auctioneer, and of the whole number of acres offered, 35,364 wcre not bid for. They therefore remain over for the next sale. "Thc Town Plot of Southampton on the north side of t.he Saugeen River at its entrance to Lake Huron, comprising 38 park lots from 1 to 19 acres, and 279 town lots of about half an acre each, .... was included in the sale of these two townships, and every lot sold. "The Town Plots of Oliphant and Wiarton, each containing 1,000 acres, laid out in town and park lots, are both situated in the Township of Amabel. rl'hese were not included in my instructions and were not brought forward. rl'hey also remain for future disposal "10s. 3ù. an acre was the average upset price for farm lots and 188. ßd. an acre the avcrage rate at which they sold. r HTAT":)H; T IJOWI I; TilE REsn.T OF TII": FlR<>T ACCTIO:--I S \I.E 0.1' TilE ArOEJ.::--I IsuJ..\s LA:--IDs. Numhel" of acrcs of farm land in thc trac't .. .. . . .. ,. .... .. 144,000 Acres sold, 109,000; acres \HIAolcl. :J;),OOO--= 144,000 Farm LotA. Total valuc at upsct prif"c. . . , . . . . .. t:;';),H 3 Total sale pricc ..... _ " . , . . . . . . " "" (W(),: -H .\ \"erage upset price Jlcr acre 10/3 . \ \"erage }l1'icc }IeI' acre for which thev RuM .... ,. _ . . . . _ 18 t.i . \ vcmg ach':II'f'c upon the UpAct price tìO'% Park Lob;. .(4,305 CIO,fi09 Town LotI:!. .CI,950 -t:H,3H2 TotItJ . .C62,OiR 1:119,332 1;)0' 0 32,")% !r2% Tolnl amount soM ....................... J:II!),332 lTpACt valuc of unRolcllanrl .. _ . . . . . . . . . " , .. 16,398 .E135,730 196 LAND SALE AT OWEN SOUND c. rrhe farm lots sold at an average advance of 80 per cent. " The park lots at an average advance of 150 per cent., and to The town lots at an average ad\-ance of 3' 5 per cent. on the upset prices. " Some few remaining farm and park lots were also sold on what is termed the Half-mile Indian strip, a portion of which was for- merly surrendered to the government by the Indians and sold for their benefit. "It is to be sup}Juseù there will be some defaulter who will not .make good thcir payments, but their number is comparatively small considering the large amount of land sold and instalments paid upon it. " .Assuming that the unsold farm lands sell at a future sale for no more than the upset price, which is a low amount to set them down at, seeing the average advance is 80 per cent. on their upset price, the whole produce of the two townships of Keppel and Amabel (exclusive of the Town l lots of Oliphant and 'Viarton) will give for the benefit of the Indians the large sum of ;E135,730. . "The Au Sable :l\1ill Site, comprising 1,100 acres of land offered at 12,000, sold for 1:2,390. "The )lill Site near Owen Sound containÜlg" 45 acres, put up at !500, sold for 1760. "The amount of the first Instalment of one-third of the pur- chase money, which has been paid into the Bank by the buyers at this sale, is 134,Oß1 Is. 7d. Cy. "The Caughnawaga rrract, situated very advantageously on the Owen Sound Bay, the surrender of which was only obtained from the Indians during the progress of the late sale, though small, is reported to be good land. Instructions had been forwarded to me, by direction of His Excellency the Governor-General, to offer the same at the first sale; but having got through all the land and closed the auction two days before these Instructions reached me, and the people naving nearly all dispersed and returned to their homes, many of whom had been waiting for this land, I felt that I . ould not in justice to the Department. and ,vithollt can ing- much _.dissatisfaction, carr r out that m'der. 1'hi:" had. will. therefore, remain to be offered at another sale. " Thp large tracts of some of the best land in tlw Peninsula still beld as reservation by these Tribes of Indians. and lying as they do lip'on tbe borders of the surrendered pOrtiOIl , are considered a great bar to the rapid settlement of those portions already sold. These lands are unoccupied and uncultivated and will prohably remain in that state until the r are given oyer to the mê1Ilag't'ment of the Dppart- mente PRICES REALIZED 197 " If, therefore, a surrender of these reservations cuuld be obtained" it woulc1 tend ycry much to the benefit of the tribes, and be the means not only uf :;ettling the Count), but of adding materially to their incume. "Due notite ha\Ïllg been giyen in the principal papers of the Province, the sale" as c01llmenceJ at Owen Sound, and continued for five days in Sutd'ssion. The audien<::c was large and highly respectable, being composed <'hiefly of the )"<'ollH>n of the country, and numbered throughout the days of sale upwards of 1,000 p rsoDs. "Tll(' greater part of the farm lands were purchased by farmers, Jllany of whom had heen waiting mor<, than a year for this oppor- tunity of buying farms for themseh-es and their sons, and from the opening to the close of the sale the competition wa keen and spirited. The greatest good order and good feeling pr('\"ailed amongst the buyers throughout the progres of the sale, and all expressed them- selves wPil sati fied with the arrangements of the Department. .. 1 have the honor to he, sir, ,. ï our obedient sernmt, ., \V. H. B.\UTLETT, " Agent fo,. the Sale." 111 \pl'elldix Y is given a copy of the advertisement announcing tlll' IlHlian land FaIt,. The <.:onditions of the sale were: One-third of purchase money to be paid at time of purchase, while no cOlldi- tiolH; were attached regarding settlement or clearing of the land l or en'cting of a honse, such as were n'quirec1 hy the Crown Lands Departuwllt of tho e who purchased in other parts of the county farm lot:;: dired from the Crown. Conùitions such a these, or rathl'r the la<,k of <'OIHlition:-:, attracted I'l'eculator , and their presence explaiu;-J the high prices obtained, whieh, so the author has hel'n informed by oIl(' in attenùance at the sale, in the case of some farm lots ran up to $:W per m'n>, while for park lots at Houthampton as high a $:!.:!Of) wa hid. Latpr 011 the Rpeculators realized how wild tlwir hidH hall 111'(,1l awl forfeitpcl tlH' Olw-thir(l pur('ha (> money they hac1 paic1 awl tllrpw up thpir pur('ha ps. \ protp:;:t from other parts of the county \\a::, made rc>garding the ab (,llce of any requirclIwuts in tIle matter of ett1elllent duty, at thi fo;a)p of T n(lian land:;:. \ttplltion haying b('(>n drawn to the JOn the lots frontin on the Cpntrl' Diagonal and thp Saug('('n and Sydpnham rotuls, then' waR an ('xc('ption as to conditions. In these cmlf'R thp purchnser hnd, " within 01\1' Yt'nr nftpr thl' datf' of pUrChaRf', to cut and n'move all the timh('r from the c('ntrl' of thp rO'l(l to a c]('pth of ninf'ty fpet." 198 I DIAN LAND OFFICE OPEKED omission, it was not long before a change was made in this respect, assimilating the practice of the Indian Department in this county somewhat to that of the Crown Lands Department. The later con- ditions are given in a footnote.! The author regrets that he is not able to give the date when the revised conditions first came into force. The fact that at first the Indian Land Office was not located any- where in this district, but at Toronto, was a great inconvenience to settlers; owing to the slow mail service of those days long delays were inevitable in the transaction of business. This unsatisfactory state of affairs lasted until 1878, when the agency at \Viarton was opened. The first person appointed to act as agent there was B. B. Miller, who held the office until 1884, when he was succeeded by Wm. Simpson. In 1901, on the retirement of IVlr. Simpson, the position was given to \V. J. Ferguson, who still is in charge of the office. Another drawback to a satisfactory relation between the public and the officials was that the Indian Department existed and carried on its business irresponsible to the Government, the Indians and their affairs being a department that had as its head the English \Var Office, the Governor-General's secretary being ex-officio Superin- t.endent-General of Indian Affairs. This was changed, however, in 1868, when an Act was passed 2 establishing the Department of Secretary of State, and appointing the holder of that portfolio as the Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs. This and subsequent changes have supplied the then much-felt need of a department responsible to Parliament, and that would be willing to listen to petitions asking for some remedy to the unsatisfactory position of affairs which had given rise to so much discontent among the settlers. That the reader may have some idea of the grounds for the dis- content referred to in the last paragraph, the following particulars IThe amended conditions of purchase, which were in force from an early date, were as follows: One-fifth of the money to be paid at the date of sale, the balance to be paid in four equal consecutive yearly instalments bearing interest at 6 per cent. Settlement was required, actual occupation and improvements to commence within <;íx months from the date of sale, and to be continuous for a period of three years previous to the issue of the patent, within which time there shoulò be cleared and fenced at least five acres upon each parcel of land containing one hundred acres. A dwelling house not less than 24 x 18 feet was to be erected. Nonfulfilment of any of these conditions might cause cancellation and forfeiture of purchase money. Until the patent was issued, it was neces- sary to obtain from the Land Agent a license to sell wood or timber, but Buch license did not permit the selling of pine. 231 Vie. Chap. 42. SÉTTLEHS' GRIEV AXCES 199 are given. The first has reference to undue partiality given to some who bought at the first sale for purely speculative purposes, and is an extract from a speech made by the member for North Bruce in l'arliament (session of 18()!)). [r. proat said: Extravagantly high prices were given, but speculators who then had bought three lots at ruinous prices, had been allowed to apply the payment of the one-third of purchase money, made at time of sale upon the three lots, to one of them, for which he got a patent, and then abandoned the other two lots, while actual settlers who had bought only one lot got no equivalent privilege. He believed the one-third of purchase money, required at time of sale, would in most cases represent more than the value of the lot, and he hoped some plan would be adopted to relieve settlers of two-thirds of the price. There were many other grounds of complaint, some of which were set forth in a series of motions .passed at a meeting held :March 19th, 1872, at which the reeves and prominent men of the district were present. The various motions pas ed were to the effect: (1) That this meeting petition the Governor-in-Council to appoint a local agent in some central place to transact all business in connection with Indian lands that i!' at present tran!'acted at Toronto; (2) To make a grant of money for the improvf'ment of the roads in the several municipalities, as an equivale>llt for taJ..es lost on lands resumed by the Indian Department; ( ) To appoint a commissioner to re-value the un old land!' in the> Pe>ninsula with a vipw of prolllotin actual .;:dt1cment of the ame; (4) To cause to be re-valued such lands as have hpcn !'old at an eÀorbitant price, or lands of inferior quality on which the whole purchase money has not yet bee>n paid; (5) To appoint a commis- sionf'r to confcr with the Indian owners of these lands with a view of F(lcuring the purcha e of thc whole I nc1ian Peninsula from them by the gO\ crnmcnt ; (()) That all unsolù lanas in the Peninsula be brought into the market, to be sold to actual sett1er only. At the ame time a deputation was appointe>d to visit Ottawa and confer with the government. As a result of the foregoing, the Indian Department annonnced, shortly after thp visit of the deputation, that it \\'OH1<1 consider case>s of special hardships. Lih(lfal conpessions were al o ma(le', hut the' author has not bel'Jl ahle to learn their exact natuTP. t'\(Ot'pt that 'VIIl. Run, derk of the township of Amahel. was appointed to make a valuation of the lands and rf'port to the government. Tllf' IT on. David Laird, )[inister of the I nÍf'rior. came In the 200 RE-VALUATION OF LANDS summer of 1875 to invest.igate personally the grievances complained of. Ire drove through parts of the Peninsula, inspecting the lands and the circumstances of the settlers, with the result that a re-valua- tion of the lands was subsequently made, this work being done, so the author has been told, by a )Ir. :\IcKay, who resided at or near Ottawa. )Ir. Laird, on his return to the capital, announced: "That he had been authorized to grant such measures of relief at once that shall be just to both the settlers and the Indians interested. That each settler's case would be dealt with on its own merits, and that all interest would be remitted up to the end of that year (1875)." The timber dues ",ere at the same time slightly reduced. In a foot- note1 is given the scale of timber dues in force at the time of :Mr. Laird's visit, which must have been a burden to the settlers. The re-valuation of lands just mentioned was not to be the final one. A sense that full justice had not been rendered by the Indian Lands Department was felt by many a settler, who finding existence on a farm 101 which contained more rock than tillable land a hard )ne, readily brooded over any rightful grievance he might have, so complaints and protests were forthcoming. At length sufficient pressure was brought to bear to force the government to take action, which took the form of the appointment of two commissioners, John ISCALE OF TIMBER DUES IN FORCE IN THE SAUGEEN PENINSULA, 11TH FEBRUARY, 1873. Oak, squared timber, 1,000 cubic feet ........................... Oak, saw-logs, per 1,000 feet, inch measure .................... Red pine, tamarac, elm, beech, ash, maple or hickory, per 1,000 feet, cu bic measure .,......................................... Red pine, tamarac, elm, beech, ash. maple or hickory saw-logs, per 1,000 feet, inch measure ................................. White pine, cedar and spruce, per 1,000 cubic feet ....... ....... White pine, cedar and spruce saw-logs, per 1,000 feet, inch measure Pine Staves, per 1,000, standard ................................ West India Staves, per 1,000, standard ......................... Railway ties, tamarac, cedar or pine, per 1,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telegraph poles, per 100 ....................................... Cedar pickets, per 100 ......................................... Tamarac knees, lineal measurement, per 1,00 feet ............... Shingle bolts, per cord ....................................... Shingle bolts, in advantageous localities ....................... Cordu:ood. Hard, per cord ............................................... Hard, per cord, in advantageous localities ...................... Soft, per corel ................................................. Soft. per cord, in advantageous localities ........... ............ Hemlock, per 1,000 cubic feet ................................. Hemlock, 1,000 feet, inch measure .............................. Hemlock bark, per cord ................................ $30 00 5 00 16 66 3 00 15 00 1 60 15 00 5 00 3 00 8 00 3 00 16 66 o 60 o 70 o 30 o 40 o 20 o 25 7 50 o 80 o 50 TDIBER LICENSES CANCELLED 201 Irwin and George Elliott, to make another re-valuation of the lands in the Peninsula. r:r'his they did in 1897 and 1898. The result of their report was that the Department made large reductions in favor of the settlers, although in some instances an advance was made in the price at which certain lots were held. 1\. form of unfair treatment much complained of while it lasted, was the granting to large lumber companies the privilege of cutting timber on lands owned by settlers. The British and Canadian Tim- ber and Lumber Co., of which H. H. Cook, :l\I.P., was manager, was one of such, privileged by license to denude the land to the settlers' loss. In the case of this company, especially, it was decided to energetically protest, so a deputation consisting of Charles Webster, David Dinsmore, Dr. S. \Vigle and 'Villiam Baker proceeded to Ottawa to lay this grievance of the settlers before the government. This was about 1880, Parliament being in session. John Gillies, the representative from North Bruce, unfortunately for the interests of the deputation, sat on the Opposition benches. That their interests might. not suffer thereby he asked Alex. Shaw, the member for South Bruce, a supporter of the government, to introduce the deputation. The strength of the opposition to the relief sought, lay in the fact that the license holùers were largely government supporters. Ir. VanKoughnet, the head of the Indian Department, stated that it was and always had been the policy and practice of the government to renew these licenses. )[r. Shaw, being in full sympathy with the request of the settlers, finding no headway in their interests was being made, got Sir D. L. :l\laepherson, the Minister of the Interior, to go with him and argue the question before the Premier, ir John A. 'f acdonald. This was successfully done, and the order was finally given to cancel the licenses complained about. The next grievance under which the Peninsula suffered and for which red re s was sought wa one not of the individual settler, but of the township municipalities, the complaint being the loss of taxes arising from the cancelling (by the Indian Department) of land sales because of the non-fulfilment of settlement duties. The effect of these cancellations was that the lanù was resumed by the Crown, and as Crown lands are not liable to he taxed, any arrears of taxes charged against the land referred to hecame void and were lost to the municipality. Tn 18R7 the County [1ouncil petitioned against the" holesale cancellations lately made. The petition set forth the large sums lo t in conseqlH'Il('P hy tlH' municipalities, whieh for the 202 ROADS IN THE PENINSULA years 188-!-5-6, in the case of Albemarle amounteù to over $700, in that of Bastnor to about $850, and in that of the united townships of Lindsay anù St. Edmund to m-er $3,000. The uperintendent- General of Indian Affairs declined to change the practice, the reason assigned being that the Indians interested in the sale of lands in the Peninsula objected to any portion of the ;um received from land sales being given to municipalit.ies. The Indians were not the only ones to derive pecuniary benefit from the cancelling of land sales; there were some holders of unpatented lots, men whose sense of rectitude and honor was defective, who perceived how the practice of cancellation might be turned to their profit. The process was simple: Means were used to get the Department to cancel their purchase; this freed the land from all claims for taxes; an immediate re-purchase was then made, with the result of a loss of one, two or three years' taxes to the municipality in which their lots lay. From the day the first settler in the Peninsula sought a place on which to locate, down to the present, the question of roads has been one of much prominence. This has been because of the many rocky or swampy tracts existing in that part of the county through which roads had to be made. These territorial features have also resulted in the settlers, in many localities, being much scattered. As an offset to these disadvantageous features may be mentioned the ready access to the Peninsula by water, navigation being available to bring 'settlers and their effects to within a moderate distance of any point at which they chose to settle. There are two main routes for north and south traffic through Albemarle, Eastnor and Lindsay, one on the Georgian Bay side of the Peninsula, the other on the Lake II uron side; the latter of these was the first to be opened. That part of this road passing through Albemarle seems to have been opened gradually during the sixties,! and by the autumn of 1870 this road had not only been opened through Eastnor, but had been pushed forward two miles into Lindsay. The work in these two townships was paid for by grants received for the purpose. The author is unable to state the number of grants made by the government towarr1s the opening of roads in the Peninsula with the exception of the two here given; in 1892 the Provincial Legislature made a grant of $1,800 for this pur- pose, which in 1895 was followed by a grant of $1,000 received from the Dominion Government. The most liberal contrihutor towards lThe by-law authorizing the deviations north of :Mar was passed, March 14th, 1866, DISTRE:-;S IN 1885 203 imprO\ ing the road::; throughout the Peninsula has been the County Council, which ha been most generous in the matter of road grants to this portion of the county, the total amount of which would run up into many thousands of dollars. A poor harvest and bush fires in 1ð8-! impoyerished many a settler in the four northern townships. To relieve the then existing distress, a commission was appointed in the following spring. As the report of this commission, as made to the County Council, CO\ ers all the facts, it is here giyen in full as follows: .. The Commi siont'r appointt'd by the Untario GO\"ernm('ut antI the \r ardl'n on behalf of the County Council, to relieve the di tre;:;:; pxisting in the northern townships, beg to report as fol. 10\\;:;: That upon being notified of their appointment, and the amount:-: granted for ..:aid purpose, namely, $700 by the Ontario Government, and $300 by the County Council, in addition to the sum of $350 that was granted to thp townships of Eastnor, Lind- say and t. Edmund at tlw J allUar} se::,sion of this Council, to be expended upon roads in those municipalities, we proceeded to Lion's Head, in the township of Eastnor, in company with John Gillies, LP.P., and the 'Varden, Mr. Potts, and attended a meeting of the settlers called by )[r. Ale"X. Chisholm, the reeve of that town- ship, which was largely attended by settlers from nearly the whole of the northern penin::;ula, and after hearing their statements and reviewing a list of namc;:; of applicants for assistance that had been prepared by a committee formed there previously for that purpose, and also consulting with several parties wen acquainted with the matter in hand, a list was prepared giving the names and the amount of grain to bp di tributl'tl to each ilHli, idnal, a copy of which is attached. Thi::; the Commissioners found to be a rather difficult task to perform, and occupicd their time fully from 2 o'clock in the after- noon until 2 o'clock the ne\.t mornill ', amI it wa.:; foullIl upon total- ling the list am1 e timating the l'() t, that the amount would e\.ceed the sum granted, and therefore a proportionate reduction had to be m Hlp upon thp whol.. li t to hring it within the sum at the òisposal of thp COlllmission. IT p to the prc:-;cnt time, as near as pOf':::iblc, giving in round figures, 500 bushels potatoes, 200 bushels harley, -l00 bu hclf' oats, 200 bushels pca . ì tons of flour, and 1.600 pounds of oatmeal have been purcha....ed, copies of the inyoiees of which are also attached to this l'l'port. The:::e, together \\ ith frcight, hag:::. and a few incidental expenses, amount to about ] ,100, lcaying a halanc(' of $250 still in tJw ha11(1:-: of the (1ommi ionrrs. But aòditional applications for assistancc haye l)('rn recci,"cd. I t wa learned while the Commission sat at Lion's II('ad that such would be the case, as some settlements had not rc('('iyed notirc of the l)lcrtin cr called at Lion's Head. This was unavoidablc on account of thc sllOrtnes5 of the time. as the sea on was alrf'ady far ail\'ancetl. and grain had to 2040 TELEGRAPH ESTABLISHED be purchased at a distance and brought in, all of which consumed valuable time. The idea of allowing the Commission a small margin for claims likely to come in afterwards was a wise one, as a number of cases of extreme poverty have since been reported and relief granted. The grain supplied has been all distributed. The Com- mission appointed l\Ir. Chisholm to attend to the distribution at Lion's Head, where it was all distributed, with the exception of a very small amount granted to residents in the township of Albemarle, which was distributed at 'Viarton as being more convenient for the residents of Albemarle. The parties receiving the supplies have all been required to give an undertaking that they will perform road- work at the rate of 1.00 per day for the amount they have received, with the exception of about ten families who received aid gratuitously, being in indigent circumstances. "JOHN McIvER} "Commissioner for Onto Government. "A. M. TYSON} . "Commissioner for Co. of Bl'uce. JJ rrhemail service throughout the four northern townships has . been none too frequent at any time, so that an early effort to get into touch with the outside world by electric telegraph is not to be won- dered at. The prospect of business, however, was not sufficient to warrant the telegraph company to construct a line beyond Colpoy's Bay, where it had an office, although it might be so to operate it. To assist along this much-to-be-desired project the County Council, on the motion of Robert 'Yatt and J. H. Whicher, in January, 1884, voted $150 towards the cost of carrying the electric telegraph to Lion's Head. This grant was supplemented from other sources, with the result that in 1887 the telegraph company opened an office for business at Lion's Head. Points to the north of "The Head" also wanted to be favored in like manner. In the welfare of his constituents of this locality, Alex. ]\,fcN eill, the member for North Bruce, got the r roronto Board of Trade to petition the Dominion Government for a grant to carry the telegraph line through to Tober- mory, urging the advantage it would be to the shipping interests. What aid was granted the author is not prepared to say, but the line was opened to Tobermory in October, 1887. This office atHirst and for many years was only open during the season of navigation. The advent of the telephone into the peninsula is due to the enterprise of a si.ngle individual, Robert Gillies. 'Vith some outside assistance he in 1900 or 1901 constructed a line through from Wiarton north as far as IJion's Head, via 1\far and Spry. Since then he has pushed it for- TELEPHONE AS WELL 205 ward until now Tobermory can be telephoned to. Iuch credit is due to :Mr. Gillies for what he has done to bring to the Peninsula one of the conveniences of mod rn life, and it is pleasing to know that he has found the venture a remunerative one. As mentioned in Chapter VII., the advent of a railway through- out the entire length of the peninsula was confidently expected in H100-1. These hopes are, for the time being at least, doomed to be disappointed. In closing this chapter the author would be pleased to write in words prophetic of a glowing future for the Indian Peninsula, but its physical features are such that he cannot conscientiously do so. The men of the north, however, are sturdy and energetic as any that settled in other parts of the county of Bruce. Knowing this, it is difficult to prognosticate what they may accomplish in the develop- ment of the Indian Peninsula. CHAPTER XII. TOWNSHIP OF A"AL!BEL.l EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF COUSTY YALUATORS, 1879. ., Amabel.-There is a considerable amount of ordinary land on the south side of this township, the north side is mostly rock, interspersed with lakes and swamps; the east end is wet, sandy land; the west end sandy hills. It has a considerable amount of yillage property. Its average price is $11.58." -' EXTR\CT FROM THE HEPORT OF COl:XTY VALUATORS, IB01. " This is the most soutllern township of what is now known as the Bruce Indian Peninsula. While there are a number of very good farms in this township, the large majority are the reverse. There is a great deal of rock from the 10th concession north, and thousands of acres are almost valueless, indeed, as you will observe by our figures, that a large number of lots are set down as of no use whatever at present, and no prospective value. The northwestern part is sand and considerable of it hilly; it is almost unproductive and has a deserted appearance. A great many of the small habitations being unoccupied, people have existed on these lots so long as the timber lasted, after which they got up and left them. We see no bright future for this section. "There are a few hundred acres about two miles south-west of .Wiarton as good as any we have come across in the county. The soil of the southern half of the township is fairly good, but a great deal of it is hilly, and roads are hard to make on this account. Amabel is well watered, the Sauble River enters at the south-east and merges with the waters of Lake Huron at the north-west. There are a number of other small streams that give an abundant supply for stock, etc. "The rate per acre for this township is $13.26; of this sum the village property amounts to $1.21 per acre." FOLLOWING the chapter on the Indian Peninsula it seems appro- priate, in taking up the history of each municipality in the county separately, to commence with those situated in the Peninsula; which arrangement the author will proceed to carry out, commencing with the most southerly of them, the township of Amabel. H' Amabel "-" Named after Lady _\..mabel, sister of Lord Bury and wife of Sir Edmund W. Head-Lord Bury seems to have imposed his family names OIl the peninsula "-" Nothing but Names." 206 . \\\\\(r-----\\ \ ; -4.---'\ --,--- '1&.> l{i ; )) , 0-\\\0AíZ í' 25 z1 3;Z' 2/ 1 ffi1 13' ' Y}5 14 I') 10 :116 7 , 5, J Z 1 R J1;' I J , \ i 1, )J " h ll ! / /;r i\ ',\" 1 I I 1, '/I ,r5. (I) ), ))i" I '> i 9 i'l . \\ , : I) . '" ' ::" JG=I'; I 11 . -: .... ; 1 r-r, '!y . I: r Jf. ;:: "-,j i \ ;(2.;,.1$ 'f ,CM.:l 1 _ .J.! 11: Pf Ij\ k :;It: I" \; \': ., S!t; ' ". - TO"':,{".PiO I ":,f' 'I k Irr' ï it }.r:p !. .,.t-v;:; 'LIPMN 1 I -- ' -. ......iQ:: r-- 'Ì' -''' - .I t { 'l:::/' .. - 'ì L' ' '\ '- I""T"'!" " t :. 'ò '.JA :. .'a=Ft :ftf TIll! J.ø;' ,," \"))) r ,I I , : \ .... l\. ....\ "... :.p; \ (t r--.l i +- \, ) .Ij . r . I\ . "' I ..... \ \ '1'\ ....'-..... O .7 ;;)j):,!U\ I \ ..... . ,.... ., :/.'0 . (,\ I , ..... \ . I -::::/... ' - '-" F:;' '", _ 1\ T I J j.ì ) s' ) -' ) ' ) '\' ,; . , I. ')}. \.J V / II I 1- :t _ __ , '7 Q, 1 If I..L-w-!r \ , Þ,.:' I 16 F%; ;;,g,, p . J I > "",. 'j , .L-. -.!!- _ .....\í[J.\ __.:fj I .J \-0...".,,,, I. T V'I .f! I II I I 1 I U A I t I _ 1 '-- '% I I fV' .....- r ' ,1/ /" . ,.J'I'Þ."" ". ' .,1 , ;/ -': (01";"1 11 i'6? i/ fn1'21/1 't q 1 óS f"!J 21 : lJ.- T ; I I.I I' ..1/ I ./ (I II" If I : (!::J-J-' 1tf jff' í G{ ,..w . - 2 r J:;F f::'.' I CON I "l, /r, I I I '.7 J1 --r.. ,1 21 2 S %4 :3 21 C 0'" II, j I . ,A'j..& "t1 I . . . ..... ""'t1. J s" ".. . '1'''],''. ....I FIRST SETTLER i09 As stated in the preceding chapter, this township was surveyed in 1855, and the lands therein olfered for sale, September 2nd, 18.36, by auction at Owen Sound. Unfortunately for the development of the township, large tracts of land were purchased at this sale by speculators, with the result that it was a long time before the effects were overcome of the mistaken policy which had permitted lands to be sold without conditions of actual settlement being attached. David Forsyth is credited with being the first settler in the town- ship, he having squatted on some lanù near El:3Ïnore before the Land Sale. The next settler wa:; James Allen,! who settled on lots 9 and 10, concession A, in April, 1857. The village of Allenford which developed there preserves "the name of its founder. The settlement of the township akr.g the south and south-eastern parts was made as rapidly as could. be expected when remembering that large blocks of land were held by speculators. The first to take up land in the vicinit} of Colpoy's Bay was " illiam Bull,2 who settled in th spring of 1857 north of Wiarton, on the boundary line betwixt Amabel and Albemarle. In the fall of the same year he had as a neighbor Alexander Greig, who settled on lot 14, concession 25. As he was one of the first to settle in that part of the township, and as his experience was also that of many who settled in that vicinity, the following narrative, based on a sketch written by himself some years prior to his death, is here given: Alexander Greig was born in Scot- J.Tallws Allen paille from the north of Ireland in 1832, whl'n a boy six Yt' HS of age, with his parents, who settled in Pt'terboro' ('ounty. In 1X,')o h(' mov<,ù to th(' county of Gr('y amI was rp<,v(' of the township of Hollanel for a )'('ar or so. As 8tated abov<" he s{'ttlt'd in Amab{'l in April, 1S5;. 1ft' took an ,wtiv{' part in munipipal affairs, filling the offipe of r('p,-e of th(' united to\\nships of Amaùel and Albt'marle for the 'ears ]86ï, 1Xlik, 1869, and aft('r the separation of the townships was rc{'ve of .\mahel from lRïO to ISi!), inplusive. and also for the years 1884. 1886, anel ]S8;. The fact that for sixt('('n y('ars he fil1('ù th<, highest position in the township tells its own tall' as to the merits and popu]arit . of Mr. Allen. lIe died 6\pril 4th, ]S95, aged 69. [r. Bull was a natin> of Essex, England, where he ",as born Septell1- bpI' lith, 1823. He came to this country in early life and was married at Ottawa, in 1S44, to .\nn Barward. Moving to the county of P{'rth, he fif!'1t tri<,d his hand at farming, giving it 111' to t('a('h school at fitch{'lI, anù 13t('r at OWl>n Rounel. In the Rpring of ]x.'); he settl('d )war C'01poY'8 na ', on the tWl'nty-fifth con('es8ion of Amab('l, the piOlwl'r settll'r of that part of tIll' township. Mr. Bull was th(' first clerk and tr('asur<,r of Amalwl, filling thl' first-named ofiipe for nineteen years, from ]861 to lXï9, and tlH' offil'e of treasurf>r from 1Xlil to IHtiï. Th(' Goyernment f'ngagcel Ir. Bull to make the first revaluation of lanel!'! in the Iwninsula. In ]R82 Mr. Bull rl'l'cived thl' appointm<,nt of Indian Agent at Cape Croker, which ofliPt. he held until thl' time of his dl'llth. "hich oc('urr<>d May ]7th, ]SS.L 210 EXPERIENCES OF ALEX. GREIG land in 1t132 and came out to Canada with his bride in 1851. He was present at the Land ale held at Owen Sound in September, 185'1, and purchased the lands he subsequently occupied, both in Amabel and Albemarle. Going back to Collingwood, where his household effects were, and securing necessary supplies, he and his wife sailed from there by schooner for Colpoy's Bay. Great was his surprise and disappointment to find, on his arrival, that Wiarton existed only in name. Finding a deserted surveyor's shanty, the women of his party were placed therein for shelter. The only settler in the locality was \Villiam Bull, but as he was absent when Mr. Greig and party arrived, the place seemed" a lone, vast wilderness." Following the surveyor's blaze they were enabled to locate their lots. That fall they assisted :Mr. Bull in taking up his crop of potatoes, which service :Mr. Bull reciprocated by assisting them to cut a road through the bush to their lots. Owing to his inexperience as a woods- man, it took four or five weeks to construct their first shanty. Some time in the month of nctober, Ludwick. Spragge and his father carne in a boat from Owen Sound to 1Ifr. Bull's to fetch his bride to Owen Sound to. be married. l\Ir. Gre g took passage with them, with the purpose of securing a stock of supplies for the winter. The return })arty consisted Qf Messrs, Greig, Bull, \.ndrew Horn and \Yilliam atton. An overloaded boat and "heavy weather resulted ill their being shipwrecked -{)n the Keppel side of Colpoy's Bay, and in losing nearl T everything they had purchaspd. Not to be daunted, and also forced by the necessities of the case, Messrs. Bull and Greig built a boat and started in N ovel1lber on a second trip to Owen ßound. They again met with very severe weather, wh ch severely tested their frail craft and their seamanship, and placed them in danger of a second shipwreck. However, they returned to the bay In safety, and by Christmas were comfortably settled for the winter. A big hemlock stood back of the shanty they had erected; a severe storm which visit.ed them about this time threatened to :fling to arth this monarch of the forest, and the household were filled with dread lest it should fall on and crush their dwellìng. As soon as the weather calmed we started, said 1Ir. Greig, to "beavpr" the hemlock. It was the first big tree any of us had attempted to cut down, and so we worked all aroJilld it just as a beaver would do, until it was about to fall. We were beginning to congratulate heen the first place on the bay to recei,-e settlers. Shortly afterwards another group of settlcr:=: took up land at or near where the po:-:t-01fi('e is ,vhich now he.ars the name of "Colro "s Ray." 1'11('sf' sdtlf'ments date haek to 1856, whereas H' \\Ïarton ., receivell its name, presnmah] '. from the hirthp]ace of Sir Edmund .Walker Head. Uovernor-Genernl at the time of its survey, who was born (see Enr!J. Rrit.) at \\Ïarton PlnC'e, Hear )'faidstone, Kent. 220 THE FIRST SETTLERS 221 \riartoll town lot l were not offered for ale until IbGb. In eviùence of the total absence of settlement at "ïarton as late a:-: hH.)(), the author gives an experience of Mr. B. B. )Iiller 2 as related by him. In company with \Villiam )lcLaughlan, at that time tax collector in A.mabel, :Mr. Iil1er started on foot from" ('o]poy's;' going southward. When in the town-plot of \\ïarton they missed the trail. owing to its being covered with fallen leaves, and were compelled to spenù the night in the bush. The claim of ,J amps Lennox 3 to be first settler at \\Ïarton is un- disputed. The date of his arrival was S Q\'ember 16th, 186G. His first work was to build a log shanty, this being the fir5t building erected for permanent habitation at \\ïarton. The absence of anything in the way of a wharf or facilities for shipping in the early days, resulted in the nucleus of the town being IThe original pricc of these lots was ItG. suhsequently raisea to $10, and again to $-1-0. B. B. Miller is a man who has been iùentifiC'r} with \Viarton from its inc,pption until the prescnt day. During these forty 'eal.s of rcsiùcnce -:\f r. Iiller has C'ver held a leadi ng position. Hc was \Viarton's first post- master, the first Division Court clerk, thf' first ]ndian lands agt'nt, the first police magistratC', the first mayor, and also was l'cC'\-e when the municipality was a village. Kin'udbrightAhire, Scotland, is ::\fr. ::\1 iller 's hirthplaC'('. TIH're hc was horn, .Tanuary 2.)th, 183G. \Vhen he was tC'n y('ars of age his family pmigrated to Canada and Aettled at first in Toronto Township, and later in BC'JlÌinck. .\fter finishing his courSe at school, \Ir. )[iIler APrvC'd as a ('IC'rk in a storp at Durham. Being dC'sirous of seC'ing morC' of the world, he visitC'd and spent a short time in the States. Returning to Canada, he qualified himself aA a schoolteacher, and subst'C]uently taught for four )'ears in Arran and Elders1Ïe. His nC'"t venturc was that of . storC'kecping at PaiAley. 'rhis hUAiness he sold out in July, 1866, and opened a store :it Oxenden. In 1867 he moved to \\larton, and has bcen l'1osdy associatpd in every IT,ovement for the wplfare nnd devplopmput of the town sinC'P tlwn. 3" Un Fritlay, Xovl'ml)('r 16th, UIO , tlH' grim rmpC'r claimed \Viarton's oldC'st r('sid('nt, in the pNson of Mr. .TamC's LC'nnox, at till' ag" of 8; years. :Mr. Lennox W:IS horn in Ireland in 181:>, and C'ame to America in 182 with his parC'nts, who settlC'd in New .TC'rsey. Thc political trouhlC's of thc day Aoon induc('(l the AubjcC't of thiA Rkf'tch to again spck thC' protcc- tion of thC' British flag, anù he C'migratC'd to (':lJIada. sC'ttling at Guelph for a time, tlll'n rC'Inoving to l\[ount ForC'st, anù finally, on NovcmbC'r 16th. 1866, to \Viarton-just thirty-six years previous to the day of his death. \Viarton was practically a wilderness whcn ).[r. I pnnox arrived; all was hush or AC'rnh, and he built thc first housc in thc plact', and founded what is to-day thc most thriving town in thl' whole c.ounty. TIe was a stauneh ConsC'rvative all hiA lifC', and espoust'd the LoyaliAt cause in the troubles of '37 and '38. lIe was a quiet, highly-n'spected and law-loving citizpn, and his demisI' is generally rt'grettpd. He lea\Tcs an aged widow and two sonA in Wiarton, in \.-,.Hnfortahle drcumstanc ' ." -Extract from thC' Jriartolt Calladiall. 222 POST OF.I!'ICE ESTABLISHED established on top of the hill, the business centre being at the corner where Gould Street is cro::;seù by Division Street. !'There, in 1868, B. B. :l\Iiller built an hotel and opened the post-office, just established. There also John Hodgins and, some months later, David Dinsmore started storekeeping. After the wharves were constructed and mills had been erected below the hill, the places of business moved to Berford Street, and by 1879 Gould Street became what it is now, largely a residential street. 'l'he first start \\ïartoll received was derived from a grant of $300, made by the Indian Department towards the building of a wharf. In 1868 a steamer owned at Collingwood, named the Hero, called once or twice a week. This service was improved upon in 1869, when the steamer Champion, Captain 1vlonk, owned by John Hodgins, above mentioned, made daily trips to Owen Sound, thus connecting the little settlement with the world at large. It was not long after the dock was built that a storehouse followed close at hand, the owner being E. C. Jones: this gave the neighboring farmers an opportunity to market their grain without travelling a long distance. Among the business men of \Viarton in the sixtie , besides those already mentioned, should be named R. Greenlees, merchant, and J. Paterson, druggist; also Thomas Gilpin and Dr. ..:c\.. \Villiams, who erected the first saw-mill. In a Directory of Ontario, that claimed- to be revised to January, 1870, is to be found a description of \Yiarton, somewhat as follows: "Population about 200, grain and lumber form the principal trade here. It has a mail four times a week" (brought from Owen Sound via Presqu' Isle, Big Bay and Oxenden). Other names of residents to be found in this Directory besides those previously mentioned in this. ch2pter are, JIiss Jlartha Gilpin, school-teacher, Rev. J. C. Collins and Rev. Geo. Smith, ministers, both of the Bible Christian denom- ination. There were two hotels, kept by Joseph Crandon and Irs. Currie. A Directory of a later date, published in April, 1876, has the following items regarding Wiarton: "Population about 400. A steamboat makes daily trips to Owen Sound. A tri-weekly stage runs to Owen Sound carrying the mails, but after fay 1st there is to be a daily stage. There is an office of the telegraph company and a grist mill lately been opened and run by W. H. Heberden." From the same authority we learn that there were two steam saw-mills, IXCORP08ATED AS A VILLAGE 223 owned by John Ashcroft and ...:\.. Jones, respectively, also a planing mill run by F. Lickman and a tannery by D. G. .Millar. There were four churches, of which the oldest was that of the Church of England, erected in 1871. This building was seat d for 160, and cost about $600. Rev. T. S. Campbell wa the minister ill charge. . The Bible Christians had a larger church, a frame building that cost about $1,4 0. The Congregationalists had a church erected in 1875, cost- ing $900. The fourth church was a frame building erected by the :Methodists in 1876, seated for 200, and costing $600. The }Jrosped of a railwa.r readling \\ïartOll l"au::;cd the popula- tion to increase rapidly. An increase of population called for an increase of school accommodation. \Vith commendable enterprise, a commodious stone school-house was built in 1877 at a cost of $2,200. In the same year church buildings were erected by the Presbyterians and the Disciples; the latter edifice was of brick, the other was frame. rl'hese two buildings gave a total of six churches in a village which two years later, in 1879, only claimed to have a population of 752. Denominationalism was certainly a feature in \Viarton at that time. Before passing to another topic, it might be as well to state that in 1891 the two congregations, Presbyterians and Congrega- tionalists, united and so formed a large body. Up to 1883 the \riarton Preshyterians were included in the home mission work of the Presbytf'rian Church, but when the Rev. E. B. Millard was inducted as minister, June 25th of that year, the charge wa:-i erected to the status of a self-sustained congregation. \Viarton became an incorporated village by special Act of Parlia- ment,l assented to 5th l\1arch, 1R80. The reason a special Act of incorporation was ncccs5ary arose from the fact that there was not in the original to\\ n plot of 'Viarton a population sufficient in number to comply with the requirements of the Municipal Act,2 but the number could be mnde up hy taking in that part of the village lying in the county of Grey. 80 the Act omitted from the area of thp vi11agí' Hnngc:;: . ..J, 5 fll1" . ./I DI:J tI' .. / :t:::=.' T 1 1 !'" I " . ,// ,1><1 \'\ :t< . . ,t , \ I I I ! ! I \! .\ I I 11.,( : \ i \:,\ \\ \ 't. TIry I I '--- \ \\\ \\ I ; '-"" '."\ O' I I (I t '-..... \\\ -,-....; : I I f':' I I I ! '; ;., '" ... · · · '::' I I : i I '" êj; 1 1 1 11 1 I ... .:; IJf "' I þ.. . f\ ., . , '\) , . I /""1 \ '\ - "..;> '4 /G IÞ- ;;: j..... I I \, -IJ .... IV il a, 21 --" \ -::- I - ..... þ. j f ,..,., fn1, k\,1......? ..:::. ' . -, ] . t .. I I< L I I I :. ,: . .\j 1f I / I I- ..\' . ;: "' ) )'. ', t .-:.... 'I );r I I'\ "" \ "\...",:;.,J.- - J .\...'-. '\..;:.s.. J - I . -- 1 1 X ÁI It ! z Q - ::::.. .. '-' - Q .. .........- Q: ..' I, ...... If - , \ II InJ?- ; I . !"!' ,, Ih(pv ' . ft- r< 1 j -:: :)\ y .. /?.. ::. -: '::=J - 'I I I. I : I I I ! L I FIRST SETTLERS 237 In December, 1857, the first settlers in the township took up their lands. They were John \Vood and Samuel Atkinson, who settled on lots 31 and 30, concession 8, E.B.R. In the month of May following they were joined by five families, who were brought over from Owen Sound by the steamer Oanadian. These were Rev. Ludwick Kribs,l Henry Kribs, Caleb Spragge, Joseph Stringer and Ludwick Spragge. Of these the last-mentioned is the sole survivor. Late in the fall of 1857 Henry Kribs and Joseph Stringer went to Owen Sound in a sail-boat to obtain supplies for their families and others of the infant settlement. On their return trip they were caught in a storm too severe for their small craft to successfully encounter, and the unfortunate men found a grave in the cold waters of the Georgian Bay. In the summer of 1858 Leonard Gleason commenced to build a saw-mill at Colpoy's Bay. He had only to move across from Oxenden, where he had previously resided, having been sent there a year or two previous by the Indian Department to show the Indians how to erect and run a saw-mill. The establishing of this first-mentioned saw-mill, followed shortly after by the erection of a saw and grist mill by I.udwick Kribs, had the effect of centring the trading of the settlement at the little village that now bears the name of 001- poy's Bay. _\. post-office was opened there in 1863, L. Kribs being the postmaster. At one time it was expected "Colpoy's" would become the town Wiarton now is. Seeing it had ten years of a start, these expectations seemed warranted, but such hopes have not been realized. The village has made no progress for many years, and being so near to the larger town at the northern terminus of the railway, there is little chance of further development. The inflow of settlers into Albemarle h never been large when compared to that experienced by the more fertile townships to the south. AB stated in a foregoing paragraph, Albemarle received its first settlers in 1857. Four years later, when the census of 1861 was taken, the population was only 54 souls all told. This number in 1871 had increased to 678. Since then the ccnsus returns exhibit a slow but constant increase, showing in 1901 a population of 19G2, or almost three timcs that of 1871. The several localities which received the earliest settlers were; first, in thp vicinity of "Col- poy's," next between the Amabel boundary find the centre of the IIn lR52, and for somc subsequcnt cars, Mr. Kribs acted as a mission- ary to the Indians nt Colpoy's Bay, working undcr the auspices of the Congregational (,hurch. 23t) MUXICIPAL AFFAIRS towllship in the vicinity of .:\Iar, and, at a lateI' date, near Purple Valley. rrhe earliest road opened was that on the town line between Amabel and Alhemarle, thence north through )lar to Eastnor; the full extent of this was done by the end of the sixties. l The roaù to Cape Croker reserve was also one early opened. The opening of other roads has been ù.one gradually as required. Albemarle was united for municipal purposes to the united townships of Arran and ...\..mabel by a by-law of the United Counties Council, passed 2gth Del:ember, 1857. This union lasted for three years, when Amabel and Albemarle were separated from Àrran by a by-law passed September 26th, 1860. On June 18th, hH)U, thi.s latter union was dissolved and Albemarle and Eastnor were united into one municipality. To the corporation of these two townships an addition was made June 21st, 1872, by uniting to it the town hips of Lindsay and St. Edmunds. On June 8th, 1877, the three northerly townships were erected into a separate municipality, and for the fir.st time .Albemarle was free from a partnership in municipal affairs. The first reeve of the united townships of Amabel and Albemarle was Ludwick Kribs. To attend the meetings of the United Counties Council at Goderich he had to make the following roundabout jour- ney: He first of all sailed to Collingwood and there took the Northern Hailwa - to Toronto, thence by Grand Trunk and Buffalo and Lake Huron Railways to Goderich. He was allowed on the pay sheet for a mileage of between 200 and 300 miles. The necessity of travelling such a roundabout route speaks conclusively as to the impassable state of the roads throughout the county of Bruce in the early sixties. On January 1st, 1870, Albemarle having been separated from Amabel, became the senior township of the northern townships on the Peninsula which formed the new municipality then created. The first reeve was Thomas H. Lee. 2 while the two offices of clerk and treasurer were filled by John Shackleton. When the time came (at the end of 1877) for the breaking of 1This road was largely opened out by the Government; Hiram Parker, of Southampton (subsequently the first settler at Golden Valley), was the contractor; William Bull was the inspertor of the work. :!The following are the names of those who have filled the office of reeve of Albemarle-Thos. H. Lee, 1870, '71. '72, '73; Ludwick Spragge, 1874, '75, '76 and '77; .T ohn Shackleton, 1878, '79; .T ohn H. Whicher, 1880, '81, '83, '84; Dr. H. Wigle, 1882; John McIver, 1885, '86, part of 1888, '89 and 1895; Thomas Rydall, 1887 and part of 1888; Eph. Cross, 1890; T. S. Cotton, 1891, '92; Andrew Weir, 1893, '94, '96, '97 and 1900; Thomas Crane, 1898, '99; William Chisholm, 1901. '02; .T ohn Pruder, 1903, '04; E. Andrews, 1905; John Ashcroft, 1906. LOCAL !\ AMES 239 the municipal tie which united Eastnor, Lindsay and St. Edmunds with Albemarle, trouble arose over the finances and four years of litigation and arbitration followed, the costs of which ran up into the thousands.! The settlement was finally reached in July, 1881, at a joint meeting of the Councils of the two municipalities, held at the" Half-way House" (W. Colwell's), when on motion of F. W. tuart and R. Davidson, the united townships of Eastnor, Lind- say and St. Edmunds agreed to pay the township of Albemarle $300, in two payments ( January 1st, 1883, and January 1st, 1884), with interest, in final settlement of claim. Each party to pay their costs of suit. This offer the Albemarle Council accepted and so closed this long and veÀatious litigation, which might have been settled by the same method years before, and saved the large sums paid in law costs. The report of the county valuators in 1 79 cnabled thc people in the north to sce that they had been too highly assessed by the County Council in the past; on this being pointed out, a committee was appointed, which reported that for five ycars the assessment of the northern townships had been too high, and recommended that 50 per cent of the indebtedness of each municipality on account of rates be rpmittcd. (The amount of imlehtcdness of Albemarle on the 1st JallUHr) previolls was $2,781.ß'ì. howing arrears for about four years.) The rcmi ion of 1.'?9' . 7 of county rates proved a great rplipf to the financcs of the municipality. There are not many names in .Albemarle of which the origin ('an hp gin'n. "\f r. ,1011ll 'L \[('Xahh, of :--;ol1thampton. says that Cape f1rokpr hears the nanle of John \rihson Croker, who wa ec- retary to the Admiralty; and Colpoy's Bay of Sir John lolpoy, an aclmiral in the British Navy, both names being bestowed by Capt. TIayfipld n by the townships to Robert \\T att 4 to crect a grist and saw-mill at Lion's Head. This mill was completed and running in the month of July in the following year, and for years the hum of its machinery might be heard until in an unfortunate fire it was burned down in 1889. This mill has been replaced by an excellent IT he first municipal election was heJd at thf' schoolhousc for S. S. No.1, C. W. W. Dalton being returning officer. 2The follo\\ing are the names of those who 11av(' been rCf'ves of Bastnor from I8iS onwarlls: Davifl Scott, 1878, 'ï9, 18RO; William Hale, 1881; Robert Watt, lRS2, '84; Thomas Boylf', 18 3; .\Jex. Chisholm, 1885, '86, 1892, '93 and '94; F. 'V. Stf'wart. 1887; n. E. ,roorf', 18"8, '89, 1890, '91; .r ohn H. Cook, 189.'), '96, '98, '99, 1900, '01 ana '0.'); Robert Rain, 18t17; Thomas J. Bridgf', 1902, '03 and '04; W. B. Moshier, 19ü/). ac. W. 'V. Dalton fined the offi('c of township rlerk until March, 1905, when he removed from Eastnor to the Niagara District. tHoLert '''att suhse'luf'utly became reeve of EaHtnor, anll later, while residing at \\ïarton, he "as elected a COUlltV councillor, anll in HI03 warllf'n of the county of Brure. In 1905 he retired from husint'ss, that of a saw-miller and lum}}('rrnan, left \Viarton, and movel] to Toronto. 246 LION'S HEAD roller-process mill built by a joint stock company. In 1883 Messrs. Judge and Inksetter built a steam saw-mill at Barrow Bay, and there, in 1892, the Barrow Bay Lumber Company built a large, roller- process grist-mill. A number of saw-mills have at various timed been put in operation throughout the township. some of which have had to close down because of the growing scarcity of logs. ßefore the village of Lion's Head had taken form, what was known as Tackaberry's Corners (lot 20 and 21, concessions 4 and 5, E.B.R.) was looked upon as the .. hub" of the township. Lion':; Head in 1875 consisted only of the post-office (opened in August of that year. with F. W. Stewart as postmaster) and one store, the only store in the township. An old settler furnished the author with a list of prices he had there paid for necessaries of life. As these backwoods prices contrast markedly with those of the present day, they are here given as received: Axes, $2.50 each; coal-oil, 50c. a gallon; salt, 5c. lb.; tobacco, $1.25 lb.; tca, lowest price, 75c. per lb.; pork, 19c. lb.; scythe stones, 37 1-2c. each. The village of Lion's Head takes its name from the resemblance to a lion's head to be discerned on a rocky cliff lying about a mile east of the harbor. At one time the resemblance was quite marked, but the action of the elements is causing the likeness to fade away. As noted in a previous paragraph, in 18.5 the village consisted only of a store and post-office. A visitor in the fall of 1879 states that there was then in course of erection a number of dwelling-houses, two hotels, a store. a grist-mill and a planing-mill, while there was in operation a saw-mill, a pump factory, two stores and a blacksmith shop, the stores being run by F. \V. Stewart and George P. Webster, while the population was estimated to be about 100. Another visitor in 1882 estimates the population as 200, with two hotels, one a brick building, and five stores. The spiritual needs of the residents at Lion'iS Head and vicinity seemed to have been first attended to by a Rev. :Mr. Leggett, a 1tlethodîst minister. The Presbyterians seemed to have been a little later in entering upon this field, but met with strong support. and erected the first church edifice in the township. The first minister of this denomination to labor in this field "as the Rey. \V. ::\1. Rogers; this was in 18.9. He was followcd hy a 1fr. McKibbon, a student from one of the Presbyterian colleges, in the summer of 1880, the services hcing held in the f;ummer months in the old \Vebster mill, and when the weather became unsuitable for services there they were held in the house of )Ir. Robert Watt, where also was held the first tea-meeting in the settlement. A )Ir. Iarr, DERENTL"HES 47 another student, filled this field in the summer of 1881, and in the following year the Hev. jir. IcLennan was inducted as pastor of the congregation, which already had erected a church building 22 x 40 feet. This building was dedicated :May 22nd, 1h81. This congregation wa:o. aùvanceù to the statu::: of a self-sustaining congre- gation when the Rev. T. A. Nelson wa.s inducted as its pastor January 10th, 1905. The Church of England had a representative stationed at Lion's Head in the person of the Rev. )Ir. Hutchison in the fall of 1882. He was succe sful in stirring up his flock to proceed to the erection of a church edifice, the foundation stone of which was laid l\Iay 3rd, 1t)83. The building is 50 x 26 feet, built of frame on a stone founùation. and e:xhibits good taste in its architecture. Not far from this church eJifice is to be seen the Eastnor township hall, a \ery neat structure, erected in 1897, and admirably fitted for public gatherings. It is claimed tù be the best township hall in the county. . When the County Council in 1879 made a refund to the four northern townships of part of their arrears of county rates, on account of. previous over-assessment during the five years preceding, the united townships of Eastnor, Lindsay and t. Edmunds receh-ed a rebate of $438.76, which was a very welcome relief to an impover- ished municipality. Eastnor, although not a wealthy township, has from the first exhibited a broad-mindedness in the matter of public improvements that is cOIHIIl('mlahle. The first step ill this direction was the giving of a honl1 of $1.(ìOO towards thp erecting of a grist-mill at Lion's Head. Thic; was followed by an issue of debentures amounting to $6,000 to improve the roads. The three extensive drainage schemes within thp township have also cost a large sum. Tn an, Eastnor has issued dphpntures to the amount of $34,000, aU for public improvements, as shown in a footnote. l 'Vhen the townships of Lindsay and St. JIÆ;;;T OF DF.BFNTURF.S ISSUED BY THE TOWNSHIP OF EASTNOR. In the year 1879 To bonus a Grist Mill ............,......... ] HSO For improving public roads .................. 1i; 4-8;; Judge Creek Drainage Scheme ............ 1 S96 Fern Crf'f'k Drainage Scheme . _ . _. ........... 1901 .Tudgf' Creck Drainagf' SC'heme, 2nd issue.... 1906 Judge Creck Drainage Schemf', 3rd issuf'.... 1 fl06 Fern ('reck Drainage Scheme, 2nd issue ...... 1 fl06 Swan J.ake Drainage Sc!H'mc .............,... 1906 For Granolithic Ridf'walks at Lion's Head.,... $1,600 6,000 7,200 2,300 10,000 2,800 ] ,200 ],400 1,500 $ 4,OO() In addition to the ahove the various school s('ctions have issued df'ben- tur('s to f'reLt <;C' hool houses. 24 DRAIN AGE Edmunds separated from Eastnor they were, with the latter town- ship, liable for the two first issues of debentures above-mentioned, amounting to $7,600. The arrangement arrived at at the time of separation was somewhat as follows, namely: Eastnor, as the senior township, was to assume this indebtedness, and Lindsay and St. Edmunds agreed to pay three-eighths of the required annual rate to Eastnor during the seventeen years the debentures had to run. Of the several drainage schemes of the township, that known as the Judge Creek Scheme drains the land back of Barrow Bay, the Fern Creek Scheme the lands lying west of Lion's Head, and the Swan Lake Scheme lands lying north-west of Lion's Head. The lands to be benefited are expected to become in time the garden of the township. The engineering difficulties met with in the Judge Creek drain consisted in the enlarging of the bed of the creek by blasting the rock, an undertaking of some magnitude. This was done by a contractor from Toronto. The almost dead level of the land in the Fern Creek district presented an engineering difficulty of another sort, it being difficult to obtain the necessary fall for a rapid flow of water. Besides Lion's Head there are but three villages in Eastnor, Barrow Bay, Spry and Stokes Bay, the last-mentioned being the most flourishing of the three. John Shute has had part of lots 38 and 39, concession 3, W.B.R., surveyed and subdivided into the lots which comprise the village of Stokes Bay. Sanguine expectations are held as to the ultimate development of the village, as it has the trade of a good part of Lindsay and St. Edmunds, and also a good wharf, so that shipments can readily be made from there. The lighthouse on Lyal Island, at the entrance to Stokes Bay, has been a guide to mariners since 1885. . i I;) CHAPTER XVI. T01VNSHIP OF LINDSAY.! EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF COUNTY VALUATORS, 1879. ,;, Lindsay and St. Edmunds. It would be difficult to place an,}" value on these townships, as we have not seen any land fit for cultivation, and not more than a dozen settlers, and one saw-mill in the whole of the two townships. The greater part of the land that was purchased in these townships was bought for the timber, and when that was taken off the land was abandoned. ""e set it down at $1.50 per acre." EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF COUNTY V ALUATOR:'3, 1901. " Owing to tll(' limited time at our disposal, we are unable to give cOlllp]ete reports of the townships of Lindsay and St. Edmunds. These townships possess very little good land. St. Edmunds is largely a waste. The inhabitants of Dyer's Bay and rrobermory sections are at a gn>at disadvantage, being so far removed from a line of railroad, and the roads It'ading to those p]a("es are in an almost impassable conditioll. Land is so sparsely settled that It is utterly out of the powpr of the people of these townships to maintain the roads. rl'heir lines have not fallen to them in pleasant places, certainly not their concession lines." THE first sale of lancls in the township of Lindsay was made in the year 1870. Previou"" however, to any sale of land the pioneer settler of Lindsay, Abraham .West, had come into the township and located. The land he selected was lot 5, concession 2, W.B.R., and on that lot the first clearing in the township was made. The first neighbor :Mr. West had was William Clark, who settled on land but four lots south. The little settlement progressed but slowly in num- bers; the census of 1871 gives the number of the inhabitants of the whole township as twenty. By 1879, however, the population had so grown as to warrant the establishing of a e'hool section and the building of a school-house. The filìSt Board of Trustees consisted of John Kelly, George reasor and \le'{ander McDonald. The school- house, built of logs, was at cc Me'Donald's" (lot -1, con. 1, 'V.B.R.), and the first teacher who therpin impartpd instruction was a fiss Hurst, who was succeeded by [iss rhristie tring('r. lThe name this township lwars is flairl to haw' hp{>Jl given in honor of :Earl Lindsay. 251 252 WANT OF ROADS The roads in Lindsay could not at any time, by any stretch of the imagination, be called good; in fact, it has only been in very late years that it has been possible to drive safely a buggy on either of the two main roads which lead through the township. The west side main road of the Peninsula was opened through to Lindsay in the year 1870, and that from Lion's Head to Dyer's Bay in 1880. The following anecdote, related of one of the pioneers, will illustrate the hardships they endured from lack of roads passable by a team: One of the settlers went to Owen SounÇl and bought six bushels of potatoes, which he had taken to Lion's Head by boat, and then had to carry them on his back the rest of the way home, a distance of some nine miles. Another undertook to carry home a barrel of flour. He was not an especially strong man, so 4ad the flour placed in two bags. One of these he would carry for a bit, and "while resting," as he called it, would go back for the other bag and carry that up to or beyond the first. This was repeated again and again until a number of miles were covered and home reached at last. A number of Lindsay's early settlers were young men of Highland origin who came from the township of Huron. Prominent among them was Alexander ),[cDonald, referred to more fully in a footnote. 1 I t was some ten years or more after the first settlers had located in Lindsay before they had the luxury of a post-office in their own township. Previous to 1881 they were dependent upon the post-office at :Mar, Lion's Head or Spry for their supply of mail matter. In the year just mentioned a post-office was established, known as "Stokes Bay,"2 but at first located on lot 5, concession 2, W.B.R., Lindsay. In the same year" Dyer's Bay"3 post-office was established. This proved a great convenience to those settled in the eastern part of the township. The municipal history of Lindsay is as follows: On the 1st lAlexander !\fcDonaJd settled in Lindsay in 18ï7. He was for many years reeve of the townshi.p and also county commissioner, which position he fined at the time of his death, which occurred in June, 1903. Mr. McDonald was an active Christian man and at the schoolhouse abovc mentioned he started a Sunday-school, of which he was superintendent until his death; he also, in the absence of a settled minister, conducted regularly a weekly prayer-meeting; through his efforts a church buildi g was also erected. ''-Then Mr. McDonald first became reeve the townshIp was largely i.n debt; unùer his judicious, cautious and economical guidance this debt was much reduced. 2.Wm. Lyons was first postmaster; he was succeeded by .John Gibson, anti he by John Shute, who held the office for twenty-three years. 3Thomas Tindall was first postmaster. REV. \Y \1. FR.\:!F.R p. -131 , .\r.E"\.. kDo:-' \1.11 p, :!;;:! B. B. :\1 n.I.t:K p.221 .JOII' DOl ca. \:0.:0. p 2r.!) PIOXEERS 253 January, 1813, it became one of the townships in the municipality of the united townships of Albemarle, Eastnor, Lindsay and St. Edmunds. On the 1st January, 1818, the three northern townships were separated from .Albemarle. On the 1st of January, 1883, Lindsay and t. Edmunds were erected into a separate municipality, which union continued to exist until the 1st January, 1903, when each of these two townships became separate municipalities. In a footnote l are given the names of the various parties who have fined the position of reeve for the united townships of Lindsay and St. Edmunds, and since the separation as reeve of Lindsay. The deben- ture debt of the three united townships at the date of the dissolution of the union amounted to $1,600. The two united townships of Lindsay and St. Edmunds, in settlement of the proportion of this indebtedness due by them, agreed to pay to Eastnor an annual pay- ment of $251.22 until the debentures matured, some seventeen years later. The first Council of the united townships of Lindsay and St. Edmunds consisted of Donald }'IcDonald, Alex. Patch, John Shute, councillors, and Peter }'Ic Vicar, reeve. The joint office of clerk and treasurer was held by James 'Veatherhead, and \lex. Currie was the first collector. The following are the names of some of the pioneers of Lindsay, in addition to those who are already mentioned: Kenneth Smith, Roderick :l\IcLennan, John Kelly, John Ceasor, Donald :McLean, Andrew Clarke, James Finch, James Nixon, John McArthur, Sam Bestward, John Holmes, John Steip, John \Vitherspoon (postmaster at :Miller Lake for many years), John Smith, James, William and Alex. Weatherhead, Alex. Currie (township treasurer for several years), Thomas Tyndall, 'Vil1iam Matheson, James W atson, John Jackman, William McNair, John McDonald, John and James Shute and Norman Smith. From the very first lumbering has been the main industry in Lindsay. Probably the first mill was that of Hiram Lymburner, at Gillies Lake, erected in 1880, and which he and his sons operated until 1905. Power was derived by widening and deepening the little creek flowing from the lake; this enlargement was increased from time to time as the demand for power made it necessary. The 1\[essrs. IThe following are the names of the reeves of the township of Lindsay and St. Edmunds: Peter McVicar, lR83; .J. Weatherhead, 1884, '86; .Tnmes Shutp, I R5; Alf>x. McDonald. lRR7, '88, '89, 1890, '91, '92, '93, '94, '95, '96, '97, '98, '99, 1900; .John Shute, 1901, '02. As reeve of Lindsay, Peter AMerson, 1903, '04, 'O!), '06. 254 MINUìG FOR SlLVEll Lymburner showed a good deal of enterprise in launching a small tug on Gillies Lake named the Gel,tie used to tow rafts of logs to the mill, this little boat being the second steamer ever used on the inland waters of the county. Lindsay is the only township in the county of Bruce in which mining for precious metals has been carried on. In the early nineties a :Mr. E. Clendening sank a shaft over 300 feet deep on lots 9 and 10, concession 4, E.B.R. The work was continued for two summers and one winter. Ore is said to have been found which showed some silver, but not in sufficient quantities to pay for working it. Mr. Clendening later on did some prospecting on lot 5, concession 2, 'V.B.R., but with similar results. Those who were engaged in this prospecting supplied but little information to outsiders, so what is hpre given is but from heart:ia}. The amount of land in Lindsay that might be classed as good farming land is not very large. A visitor to the township finds the principal settlement therein between the fourth concession west of the Bury Road and the fifth concession east of it, with a limit of . about four miles in width north from the Eastnor boundary. The following incident, the facts of which are given in the 1Vim,ton Canadian although not strictly speaking an historical item, yet deserves to be .recorded as an instance of motherly love and devo- tion as manifested by one of the good wives of Lindsay. " Though rattlesnakes are reported to be fairly plentiful in Lindsay and St, Edmunds, fortunately accidents of a serious nature such as follow the bite of these reptiles have not been numerous, and settlers have become rather careless. On a warm day in August, 1902, a six-year- old son of }'Ir. Robt. Bartley, residing north of Dyer's Bay, playing about his home bare-footed and bare-legged to his knees, was so unfortunate as to step on a three-foot snake, which was lying basking in the sun. 'rhc mdí' fi" akening aroused the temper of the reptile, and in a twinkling its fangs were buried in the child's leg. An angry snake strikes very quickly, and before the child got beyond reach the beast struck him ill five different places. His screams brought his mother to the scene, and realizing the trouble and danger, instead of fainting or going into hysterics, she bravely sucked the wounds, tied a ligature tightly round the limb to stop the circulation of the blood. then hitcheil a horse and started on a fifteen-mile drive to Lion's Head with the boy. Before reaching medical aid at that village the chil(1 W}l nf>ar]y crazy from the pain caused by the ligature NAMES 255 stopping the circulation in the limb, and his cries could be heard for a long distance. But the heroic woman held on and fortunately found Dr. Sloan at home. The wounds were cauterized and dressed, and fortunately little or no ill effects resulted from this exciting experience." The origin of the following names in Lindsay are here given by the author on what he considers good authority: Lake !\Iiller bears the name of B. B. !\1iller, first Indian Land Agent at Wiarton; Gillies Lake is called after John Gillies, :M.P. for North Bruce in the seventies; Cabot Head is said to have been named by Governor Simcoe in honor of Cabot, the discoverer of Canada. The light- house at this point was established in 1896. CHAPTER XVII. TOWNSHIP OF ST. EDMUNDS.! THE chapters in this volume which give the history of a town- ship are in each instance prefaced by extracts from the report of the county valuators, with the solitary exception of St. Edmunds. For such information referring specially to St. Edmunds as is to be found in these extracts the reader is referred back to the preceding chapter, because the valuators in every report have joined Lindsay and St. Edmunds together, and it is impossible to separate the general remarks of the valuators and apply specially to Lindsay or St. Edmunds. Although further north than Lindsay, St. Edmunds seems to have been but little behind it in receiving its pioneer settlers, it being in the summer of 1871 that Captain John Charles Earl 2 settled at what is known as "The Big Tub." In November of the same year Captain Earl had a companion come to share the loneliness of his pioneer life in the person of Abraham Davis, who settled at Dunk's Bay. These pioneers were joined at various intervals, in somewhàt of the following order, by Captain Alexander Marks, Michael Belrose, Jacob Belrose, George and Neil Currie, Robert, John C. and James H. Hopkins, Thomas and George Bartman, Benjamin and Alexander Butchart, Donald :l\IcDonald (first postmaster at ToberIDory) and Benjamin and William Young. Mr. Solomon Spears (to whom the lThi3 township is named after Bury St. Edmunds. There has been from the first a disagreement as to the spelling of the name; the Toronto Government officials giving "s" as the final letter, and the Indian Land Office, Ottawa, spelling it without. The township, on its becoming incor- porated, adopted the former method of spelling and calls itself "St. Edmunds. ' , 2The perfect safety with which vessels could lie in the basin at Tober- mory has made it a much frequented harbor of refuge. For the con- venience of navigators, Captain Earl made a practice of hanging a lantern at the top of a high pole as a range light and so ensure safe navigation to vessels when making the harbor. He was remunerated for this service by various captains, they presenting him with useful house supplies, such as a bag of potatoes, flour, or some coal-oil, etc. In the course of a few years the Government acknowledged this service and paid him a salary of about $30 a year. 256 ,.... -- '"7'..., - - ..-;; - '- - - "\1' Ä -1'Û' . - í r< " Tf .r. <-...... \.1 r'- \ ,- l "- . -<---., - 'ìs ' ',' T' <-:i'; , I (/ ) Ro ) -!"- -'- 'V Y.:}) I( ?- l ' -e-J o"'......x :' . 't ;-::c- --= 0, o: . ..... . "'r .fO - "'Ol/Nksf .s - . \ _t- - t i - I'..... 8,'I}- - _;r _ _ "'" -: F '77 . I ., r-\' ,. it C-O"E 1 '\0- 1 S-- I ---r- I _ _"/., ' '- --J -- - r,-: T I ])1) } I 1 -'- - I,. T v I I.. t5 /rrW ).1=" - 1"',." 000 c A-"- : -r, I ï., -r"- , ) \ Jl: -:r ""'" !.-;: r-:;::- , ' 8 ""\\... ,i.., K,..:. _þ--......, --+ -= IG 8.11>"':... I ... '-....L.." _' . -.J -'( C'> -1=- \___ =; - F I-- iI_ 2>_ -.J., L..'-I. ! _ - --=1- -t ---= :: - -1 - I -1'1, \ ,y ---.,- ., l,rr'6E""", ""... ""'c-I--- - '- -I L - - , J ...Ll-..... -;.!' t ' - - &ß/\ll PO/IV' 1'---" I-- --I- _ -f-- .. J-\. '\... '-',-- -I-- I ""'I-. - --. n " ð- S t ÈlI 7W.lf Æ, . . f I !}þ - ."-j.... - :- - '- I "' m .."" J" ....r,j.}:) - '. __ ---I--I>= fr I ,1("...., -" _ _ _!........!.L. \... t'L':L-:: ,\ ):7" =Ë I ' -= ..._ .. _ " . \ " ?.,, \; -" I l' ] _ " c-... / J 'S (":[- =- :=- -= - - c- I - '_ r --f"="1I. " \ / '1::)1--=1 '-':- : '1/';.- - -=' ..J - - !1i 1 -P\' , , " / ft 'L ; P - -=t- :cr' '=- -=' \ . - - '::-,.,.-= -- : T '" I- VB ;,... ' ' ),.r: = ,, _ . ' \-:1 VI I T'r T7 U I r . .......... 7 ,, '-J...... _ -J . 1..........._, IJ ;" ' ;.:,, .:; , .... , . .. \:1'<4 ---....'-.:; . " , I ' :C9 J . ";. o/ ; , O' -..."... / - 10.. . 10 LU)IBERI-SG 2,:>9 author i illlhbted for Ulany of the fad eonneeted with the history of St. Edmulld:-:) spttled in thl' to\\n hip in lar h, It$t$3. The lumbering' resour<:e:-, of :-;1. EdlllUlld ha\e beL'n e\.ploitl'ù to all l'xtent not equalled in any othcr towll hip of the OUllty. In l ì l'o("k\,'ell & (;r(lllt erl'dcII a hU'g'e :-:aw-Ulill and shingll'-mill on the Crane Hi\er, at what i:-, IlOW l'alle:l .. Il;\ïl"ar' :' This finn cut a road from Pi Ill' Tn':.' IlarhOl" through the wl)o,l:-: for a di:-:hlll e of ten mil":,, to a point at ",hidl tl1<'Y Imilt tlwir ...:a W-Ul ill ; they al...:o laid out a large llIll in deanin:.r the ri\'cr su that the prodlll't' of tlH'ir mill might be tloated do\\ n to till' harbor. Thi:-: mill a11l1 jt;; limit:-: "'l're )lurdHl ('cl in l :-;u by Pdt'r )[c.\Yi('ar,l who built anotIH'r mill in the following' Yf'ar a wi'll a a wharf at .J ohnst()n' Harbor. In 1 t)1 a mill \\a:-: built at Tobl'rmory by Ml' :,r:-:. )[aitland '-': Hi OIl. This mill \\ a:, burnt clown in [areh. l . but rebuilt in the :-:ame }"l'ar by till' aBle firm. who aftl'l' running it :,i y('ar III ()\'e (1 it to O"en I)und. \bl)ut 1 !1 the outham}ltun Lumber Company built a :-,a\\-mill at PilH' Tree Harllor. In 1 !1;-) a mill \\.1.'" huilt at Tober- mory by Hi(.hanl Had tone ( il1l'(, pUI"('ha:-:ed and I'un hy lIedor Currie). In 1 !HHI allothl'f mill wa:-; el"l'ded by E. )1. [l'ir:". and anotlH'r in the following- .'"('ar by [essr:-:. :-;im}l:o:un & l'ulbert, which gave Tobl'rmor,\' thl"('(' aw-Blill:-: in ('on.;t.lIlt opl'ration. adding IIlat('riall ' to tlw tradl' of tlIP \'illag-('. Thf' po4-ot'lie(' at Tuul'l'mory wa t' tabli:-:hed in 1 1. thl' mail being (.arrit'd OJ) foot frolll Stol\.t',.: Bay. [r. Ht'njamill Butdwrt W.b tIll' fir4 maiI-('.lrl'il"'. t. E111I1lllllI:-:' tir t dlOOI W<1:O; ol'l'Ill',l in IH : . Its fil":o:t Hoafll of Trn:-tt't':-o \\'Pl"t' )Iiehael BI'lrllst" j)ol1ald h'})onalù anll .J aeo}, Bt'lro:-:e. The fir:-:t teacher \\ as a [i:-: Ella Conklin. .\ a :'l'pan1tp Jl\lInieipality :-;t. Ecllllund:-: ha:-: l'xi:-:tl'(l :-,incl' the l!'t of .Tanua ry. I !)O;;. ] t,.: pre\.iou::; Jl\ nn iei pal rplations arl' rda tCII in the pn'("l'lling- ('}mpÌl'r. ft'fI'ITill,!! to thp to\\"Il hip of Lincl...:ay. TIH' fil":-:t I'I'I'\(' of tIlL' JI11Jllieipaiity was Solomon Sl'l'ar . who aI:o:o filled thl' ofnl'l' in l!Hlfi, his slIl'(:e:-::-:or for t lol ancl I IO;) heing' \YilliaJl1 Killlp:'lJn. TIll' clerk of tJH' 1lluIlil'ipaiity \\a:: .'all\(':-: l'alllphl'll and the tl"l'a UI'L'r John C. lIopkin , Tlu' fir t puhlic' rl'lig'ion :-:eITi('f' in the to\\ n hip i:-: aid to harc III't'n ('1/1lc1ut'tl'd 11.'" a Prl' hytpriall I'tJIIlt'nt. po :"ihl.'" i1 r r Petcr ll;Lf'all. who \\"a the fir:,t to pn'aeh in Lilllhay. TIll' first r('glllar 'Pl'tl'r :\f..\ï('ar ('ontiIHIP.I tIll' running of this mil1 for tW"Ilt\ '1':lrS, whpn, in HIIII, h(' rptirt'.1 to "11('1111 his ,It'.'lining .\"I'ar at thl' town (;f i'crth. Mr. l\I.'Vi(':lr waH tilt' first rl'('VI' of (':lrri..k, in 1'\,')li fillIl 1"',17, :tnfl also the first rl'l'VI' of till' unit..,] to\\ nshil's of Lin.....:lY allli Ht. Edlllun.ls in 1 "' :L 2(jO :r\AME8 stationed minister belonged to the )Iethodist Church, the Hev. Robert "Talker. Succeeding him was the Rev. :Mr. ;:;parling. Under his ministration a church was built at Tobcrl1l0ry Harbor. The next minister was the Rev. \V. D. Dainard, who wa::; instrumental in the building of a church at " The Settlement," a point on the Bury Road some two and a lm1Î or three miles south of the harbor. There is also a Baptist church at the town plot of Bury, but the author is not able to give the year of its erection. St. Edmunds being at the extreme north of the peninsula nearly all the vessels passing into the Georgian Bay sail along it::; coast. This has llCC( ......itatf'a the crection of 5(" eral Jighthull e . The first one to be erected was that at Cove Island. 1 This is a white, circular stone building, built in 1859. which in addition to a powerful light is also equipped with a fog horn to indicate the locality when fog ('O\ er thf' water. The lighthou e at TolJennory was erected in 1885, and the one at Flower Pot Island in 1897. In regard to the local names in St. Edmunds the following com- prises all the information the author has been able to obtain: Lake Kent on the maps, but locally called Lake Cümeron, is named after John Cameron, of outhampton, a man well known to the Indians and fh.:1\C'1'11H'n throughout the Ppnillsula in the days before settle- n1('nt8 were formed. Lake Cyprus recFiyerl its name from the island in the )[pditf'rranean ra, the name being gin:\n at the time that island wa:; ceùed to Great Britain. Tohermory was named by the Highland fi:::.hermen after a town in )Iul1. (In Bayfield's chart it i::; named " Collins Harbor.") The three lakes on concessions 5, 6, 7 and 8, east of the Bury Road, were intended to bear the names of the patron saints of England, Scotland and Ireland. This was carried out to the extent of St. George and St. .Andrew, but a young lllall named Emmett Smith, .working in the office of B. B. Iiller, the Indian Land Agent, persuaded :Mr. l\Iiller to let one of the lakes be cálled after him, so as Lakf' Emmett it will probably be ah, ays known. Bury town plot is named after Viscount Bury, Superintendent- General of T ndian Affairs in 1855. The entrance of the telegraph and telephone wires into Tobermory has brought what was the jumping-off place of the county into touch with the rest of the world, and if the proposed railway ever reaches there we shal1look for great things in the township of St. Edmunds. 1 After being in ('harge of Cove Island lighthouse for twenty-five :years, George Currie retired in the summer of 1903. He was slH'eeeded by Kpnneth [(' Leod, of 'l'obprmory. . .. · 4.' ".,. 't. ;4 , . .r.e. ,-', , t '{ ,to . -- ." . . ,}. "f\' t- -, t -\./ .J;: , r' .-.... /4'1 ) , '" ..:- ..þ'- '.. . - - i' . . . .. : - .. "1,' -.... f; .. ..... ... ;:. 'I' - .. 't --=- ;, . , ), .J.' - -'v- _ ... --- i -- ..- '-. .- ....... -..' .. Photn!.rr:lI.h(',1 h.' II. t:. T\\I'kf'r F'''\\FIt 1'111' I..,..\ ... TII\\'S"'" ..t. I'. EI""' "'" P.::til THE FLOWER POT 2f>l There are extensi, e caYe to be seen in :--\t. Edmunds. The' lime- stone rock, so common throughout the peninsula, seemingly has here suffered from the erosion of water more than elsewhere. Possibly the largest of these caves is to be seen on Flower Pot Island, the extpnt of which is not known, as it has not been fully explored. The island takes its name, that of " Flower l)ot," from a peculiar shaped rock standing about fifty feet in height. The illustration here given shows what a natural curiosity it is and how appropriate is the name. CHAPTER XVIII. TOlrXSHIP OF ARRAN.! EXTRACT FROM THE REPCRT OF Cm: TY YALUATORS, 1901. " tone is the chief drawback to this township, and while there has been a large quantity gathered into heaps and fences, yet there is a great work to be done in this respect still. There are some places it would cost more to I'lear the land of stones than it wouM be worth after the work was done. \.rran is well watered generally, the swamp lands in the north half of the township are "ery diffie'ult to drain, and in many place.s they are not so valuable as they were twelve years ago, as since that tinlP the timbl'r has Iwen rPlllllved, ana the Ian a genera]]y has not been improvecl. The Sauble is a poor source of drainage, having no banks and a slow current. Therp is considpraùle wet land from Arran Lake north-eastward to the corner of the township, .which it is doubtful if it wi]] ever be of mueh vallH'. The soil of Arran is fair, with the exception of about two thousand ae'res in the north-west corner, which is almost unproductive, it being so tight. It comes in tourh here with the north part of Saugeen Township, and is largely similar in quality. Buildings and orchards compare favorably with any municipality in the county. The roads also are good. The rate per acre is $31.11, of whidl amount the village propert . makes 90 ('pnts per aere." THE land:-: in the to\nlt:hip of \lTall WP1"e tho c' dasseù as " dlOOI lanels," anel W(,1"(> opPllf'd for F:ale .Tuly 30th, 185i. 2 This sale indudL'd all lots which were in the original sUl'Ye ' of the town- ship. The lands inl'hulcd in c'The Half )Iile trip:' as noted in Chapter \ .. w('re otfl'l'l'd for f'ale hy the Indian Lawl Ikpartn1f'nt,3 IThe township of Arran is named aftpr the Island of Arran, at the mouth of the ('lydp, ::-;e'otland. :!St'e .\ppenclix.r. The first whose name was entered as a l'urchaspr was .:\lathew Latimpr, for lots 3 and 4, cOIlC'ession Sth, date being Sep- tember 29th, 183 . .:\Ir. .Tohn :\1. .:\lcXa1J1J. in a pu1JIisllPd letter, stated: " That in the year lS.) the late Alex. .:\1(":\"a1lb. ('rown Land Agf'nt for the county of Bruce, was in receipt of a eommunieation from Mr. Ezra .T ewett, a famous raisC'r of .:\lerino sl1('e1', in which letter ::\1 r. .J ewett stated that he and his friends residing in the Eastern StateR were anxious to acquire the whole township of Arran for tl1(' purpos(' of raising sheep on a large scale, provided the;\' obtained it on reasonable terms. The Gov- ernment of the ùa\' refused to enter into anv terms on aC'count of the parties being Americans, and the scheme fell tl;rough." 3S ee Appent1ix 1. The shape of th('se lots is unique within the county, they being in 11epth but half a mile, onl ' four lots could bp included from side-road to side-road if the lots were to approximate one hundred acres each. 262 --- LJI II .-ILI -1 1 \I -.,g .I . I--- . -/ ........ ..t S =)L _ $ ' '-><-'" ;. I ?i:: II{ ,. "'"::"" --;::,: 1..., ; - ., X -Y ÞÒl I- >i -r----+=-' ll-Y-.&--f' - - - - = '''' ,--lJ,.L - F '- r.:.AL 1 1 ...,- III ..... -=- rl ! - 07' - -l i .: ".;- ::; I o .... "') i' 1-_ _fH- ld I I -. v: _ _ ;"."' ) ___...__ _. _ r:t-A- . If"'=:.... ./">0. --.,y ""Sz]/.- "' 'i'1r/ :f r-<. \ -< P"' _ i _ Ì'-... f- i , ----' \ _ _ - _:"'v-- I '----.-J- ^ -) I"'-\b N ./ ;;J:r"" I I I,;t _ \ L-- l' - ... \..........-' : \. -\ r-- C\I ;:;: '-'.f I \ - ... It J 1 I"'" - l V i /\ \"' II 1 \ r--.. .! - " . .- - t;; \ _ '. - \ 1: _ _.IT __ "' -., - \ lì .1 j I "- n r== fl ....., _J I- J_ :t ": " \ '-r{ - - } - I '\ - N ' .;-r- :::: i-=---=4 .. . I I ( 1(( ìr _I I \ t - _...::..t--=- - / ) Q D:t t 7 NIY... }!15 ' (----- ,1 ' I "-v Q 6-. -, - --tf ' - ) .... ">: q:- --- . I ' . I :t.... . 10 zr _1/ - ,,:>' ______ t---" - \ ..'1--- -r;, I-- - ') . - ------'- Il ... .l. ) "') 11\ i - '\ I I I I'f I) : - II 1\ _L 1 -, " h 1"- i -"'tl !III :. 1.1 11 ' I' i::;' jf l I I rr j II 'I J r. r ' 0 V 'I ' '.h o. . ,7.. _'I', ,' .], _ -:tJ I 1 i I I v \ D{J I I I I I I I z; " " ,\\1 " i I I I ú pr; I I \., i IOVF'" I II 4'!)/J"Ç JON .:t p l- - r- >-- /" --- >-- t PIO EERS 265 July 23rd, 1 5:!. The survey of the to\\nship, Loth of Indian and school lands, was made in thc year 1 51; Charlcs Rankin had the contract frolll thc GO\ernlllellt of making tlwse sun-eys, but the work _ was done Ly George Gould, afterwards County Clerk. \.rran'::. pioneer ::.ett1er was Henry Boylc; hi:, coming into Arran antedating by a year that of the sun C'}ors. He took up the most northcrly lot (X o. :!.l) on eonee :,ion A, where, when the necessity arose later on, from the largp number of pcrsons bl'cking lands, he oppned a tavern. The author lias met with mudl diflil'ulty in fi ing the order of priority of settlcllll'nt of the pioIlC'('rs of ..Arran. This has ariscn b<,'eau:::e of a commoll pra(otice whieh 1)1'cyailed alllong them of return- ing to the ::.dtlellH'nts to earn ::-OIllC lllOlWY, just as soon as they had done cHough work Oil their hu h lot to C' tablish their squatter's claim thcr{'to, whieh eon i ted in making a :-.mall "slashing" and building a hit of a hanty. During their ah:-:pn('c other scttlers came in, thl' c rpmaining permanently and not finding on their entrance into the Lush anyone in the neighhorhoo<1. felt justified in claiming thc title of h{'ing the fir t cttlel' . Tlli c plal1ation is given in case thc a :-:crti()n hp ma<1p that this narratiyc lacks in accuracy. If such should he the ('a:..c. the author can ollly say that {'\pry effort possible ha bCPIl put forth to ohtain information at first hands; then, when these sour('{'s of hi information PI'll1ed to be contradictory, to try an(l bl(>nil the ::;ryeral narratives to the Lest of his abilï"ty into the aC('(llmt as 1.<,'r(' pn':,pntcd to the rpadC'r. The author has I'('('f'iH'<1 from Dayia Chalmprs, the first to settle in the ca tern part of .\1'I"an. a lettpr gi\ ing an ac('ount of his e peri- ('nces on f'JItpring the to\\ m:hip in 18.3 I. 'I'hi letter, with some fcw omissions. i!' giH'n in a fonhlOtp,l beli(',-ing that tilt' narrative will hi' appreciated. " . . "In thr mhnth of ray. 18,')1, thr('c tra\"t'llers left Owcn RouJl{l on a lanel hunt, illtl'IHIing to locate and Sl'ttI(' as fnrmcrs in the township of .\rran. Th(' pnrt " ronsist('d of Mr. David Butchart, a man of ahout forty '('ars of age; \fr. ,Tam('s Rorh, an importation from Dunder, ScotIan(l, 3mI mysl']f, a lad of ahout twenty y('ars of ng('. An thrrc of us wen' pra('ti('a]].v gr(,(,JI at bush work; on starting \\"(' took thr roar] carry- ing h('avy loads of provisions and an axr each, and s\l('h a road! But we \\ er(' Htrong :wd of good rouragl' anll !'IO f)oUlH1<'r('(l through 1111111 and waÌl'r for twpIn' 1lli!('!'I: th('r(' w('rl' ou]y thr('c shanti('s with Rilla]] (']earings all thp \\a.v. WIIf n at last \\'(' arriv.,a at HI(' housl' of )fr. ,Tnlll(,s B:ubt'r, ] 2th ron('('ssioJl of I>l'rh .. on th(' houndnr) hpÍ\\ I'('n Grl'Y :md Bnu'(', we wrrl' \"pry tir('d alII] g]arll." a('rqlt('d the hospitality of \1r. Barber for the night. En4uirit,s wl'n' m:lIh. as to o\lr nh.if.(.t in visiting hinl, and on bl'ing infortlll'd that w(' wanh'd lana, III' told \IS HHlt wc were somewhat prl'lItatUl"I' in our ,"i!olit, that the township of Arran \\as Dot yet surve .('d 266 DA. Y ID CHALMERS "Then the surn'ying: party returned to 0" en Sound after com- pleting the SllfYey of the township of Arran, which was in the fall of 1851, two of the staff, ''" ho had been illlprc ed with the undeveloped possibilities of the township, decided to take up land therein in the vicinity of where w.ater power might be deyeloped. These two were George GonE and Hichard Bcrford. Each sought out a companion to go with him. one who might pro\f' helpful as a future neignbor. Mr. Gould found such a one in .J. ,Y. Linton, and Mr. Berford in lohn Hamilton. No time was lost, for fear that someone ebe might pre-empt the lands they thought of taking up before their arrival, so and that there would be no use coming to hunt for farms until mid- summer. However, we were anxious to see the land we came to seek, so in the morning we started on the old blaze of the county line. About onc and a half miles north on that line we started to fell timber to clear a potato patch. We piled the brush, built a small shanty of small logs, bought five bushels of potatoes from :Mr. Barber, and planted them among the logs. The crop turned out well. I dug the crop up in the fall as Ir. Butchart and Mr. Roch did not turn up to assist. These potatoes which I raised can safely be called the first crop raised in Arran. " In the summer the survey of the township was proceeded with, and early in the fall I started to select a farm for myself. I went alone. On lot 25, concession 6, I found the surveyor's part.'", with whom I stayed all night, This party was, I remember, in charge of Mr. George Gould and :Mr. Richard Berford. One of the part.'" was myoId fellow traveller, James Roell. He asked me, as a. friend, if I would do a little chopping for him between lots 29 and 30, concession 8, as he could not leave his work on the survey. Of course, like a greeny, I consented and felled some timber to indirate that the lots were located, and thus gave up the chance of possessing two of the most valuable lots in Arran. Tara is now on lots 30 and 31. Roch never came near the property afterwards. I left the camp in the morning and went north up side-line 23 and 26, then went east until I came to the Sauble again, on lot 27, concession 9, and made up my mind to locate on it, which I did, and it was my home from that time until 1874, when I removed to Ianitoba with my family. In the fall of the year I got a friend to assist me to put up a shanty. 'Ve cut such poles as we could carryon our shoulùers, put up the building and covered it with cedar clapboards. I think I spent the happiest days of my life chopping down the big trees and allowing more sunlight in my little clearing. I baked my saleratus-cakes, fried my pork, made my black-currant-Ieaf-tea, or bread-coffee and made my supper, as happy as a king. I would put on a big fire of beech or maple logs, stretch out on the floor and read till bed-time, and retire to my one-post bedstead, which had a heavy layer öf hemlock brush for a mattress, and awake in the morning with sometimes two inches of " the beautiful" on my bedcover, the snow having drifted through the cracks of my clapboard roof. I was contented, hopeful for the future, and happy. For three years I kept bachelor's hall and never felt lonely. After getting fairly domiciled in my shanty on the banks of the Sauble, the question of grub for the winter's work presented itself, a most sel'ious matter, as it necessitated my carrying it on my back from ]\fr. Robert Linn's in Derby, a distance of eleven miles, four rilÍles (If which were merely a surveyor's blaze. As I had bought a pig from Mr. Linn, I determined that my pork should carry itself. I got my piggy along very well for seven miles, then it began to get tuckered out. These seven miles of road had been chopped through the bush, but the remaining four miles were only blazed. How to get my SETTLEHS AT TARA 267 n 11':-;;' than a wc(.k from their rpturn to OW('11 ound the four who e name:, ha re Iwen mentiOlH:'1l we"re on their way to locate their lots. Ladened as they were with necessary supplies, utensils and imple- ll1ent: , the tramp through the wootls of Derb} Township was trying anfl weari;o;ollH'. Tlu:,ir route was one indicated by the blaze made by a surreyor. whid. led tlwm past the ;o;pot where the yillage of Ki1syth in aft('r day;o; Ile\ ('loped. Heaching and crossing the Sauble Hirer, ?\Ics;:,r;o;. Hl'rfonl and Hamilton, on coming to the eighth conccssion of Arran, decided to locate on the ground on which Tara now stamls. pig these four miles was a problem, but I had to face it. I started with a vcr." rC'luctant gruntf'r, making my way through bush and over lo s until I came to a small cedar swamp about one mile from my house. As in most cedar swamps, there was considerable windfall, and here piggy, being tirpd, came to a dead stop, but eventual1y I got it to my domicile. Arrived there, 1 tried my hand in transforming pig into pork, but will not harrow your fpelings by describing how [ did it. Three or four days before Christmas snow fell to a depth of nearly four feet. As I had not got au.v supply of flour for the winter, and the snow being so deep, I concluded to give up bachelor's hall for the winter, and having salted my J.ork in t\\O white ash troughs and put it in the celIar, I started out Ìor 1\[r. Barher's and floundered through the snow, arriving there in the evening, tired and hungry. ., Befure one 'year. was o,.er I haa neighbors. In the second year of m." bachelor life I had the good fortuue to have a ('alI from two land huutf'rs, [r. HoJu'rt Douglass aud his brother John. Rohert settled on the next farm to mine, and .Tohn settled next to his brother on lot W, 9th conct.'ssiou. .John Duuglass and I ha\"t worked many hard days together chopping and lo in . One day in <,hopping, the snow being very deep, we "ere fl'lling a maph', he in front, I at the back. The tree Iwd a bow anti as it strtH'k the ground it swung round and carried .Tohn with it. hurying him in thl' snow. I thought he was killpd and set to work to relea:w him from the trel'. I got him out unhurt, with damag"s consisting of torn suspenders and a dplIloralizl',l shirt. " HI.fure two:) cars had l'lapsl'd all tlH' land around ml' was tak,'n up and Tara hall bpgun to aspire to be ('aIled a village. It is sad to think that 1II0..t of the ('arl\. sdtll'rs who ('a Ill(' in aftl'r nH' and sl'ttl('d around me in the l.arl.v da., s Irp slt't'ping in tlw Tara ('t'IIl('Ìl'ry. :nul I. an 01,1 man of -;! years, am Jeft to spt'ak of tll(' good comradl'ship and frieHdly ft'elings that cxistl'fl alllong our ('arl ' sl'ttll'rs. \\'hat 1'lt'asure \\t' all had in sub- duing thl' forl'!-It, what !':truggl('s we had for prl','pdenl'{' of \\ ork at our logging 'IPI'S, and thl' jolly timf' we hail aftl'r tll(' Ila.'"'s work was u"er with thl' Ilant'e :lIId sting, and the mirth "ollld n01 slackl'n till the last drop of . the aather ' ga,.c out. " The Brinkman "familv arc dead or have left, Willie Hall, of Hall's Corners, died two ('ars Ìtgo. (\ Jine Jlt'ighbor.) James Broadfoot antI \rchie l\[cHae. ood frit'IHls of mine, an' gone. Thomas :-3mith, a noble fellow, .\rchie \Vilsllll and .John KeJIIH'dy, lilY next neighbors, they too rest in the graveyard on th,' 3uth sidl'-linl'. Thl'rc aro mHny lIIore of my old friends and neighhors who have departed this life, while quite a few have como west likl' III.' sl'lf. Hoping you ma fintl thl'se fl'w reminist'l'Ill'I'S of the t.ady days uf .\rran of some intl'I"l'st, " Believe me, "Yours truly, " I ,-,'w" tllHl, "a II.. 30t h Od", ]f)II.";." " 1>\\"10 CII\L'(FR';;. 26 SETTLERS AT Il'iVERMA Y lessrs. Gould and Linton pa f'a on to the ne t concession road, and at Inn>rmay, as now known, they selected their lands. There a fair- sized shant T had been put up by the suryey party during the previous RUmmel', as their lll'adquarter:,.1 For a few days caeh of the little party was busy making a ::;mal1 dearing, and then eac-h helped the other in putting up a small hanty. '''hen this wa done )[1'. liould went on to ollthmnpton to register the squatter's dë:1Ím for each of the party at the Crown Land Agency. while )Ir. Hamilton and .Mr. Berford returned to Owen oull(l to ohtain llppIÎes. On the journey 1 "lÜ: to their lots cach ladened himself with a hundredweight of prm-i:,ions, in addition to lleeessary implements, such as an axe, an ne1ze. a cross-cut saw, ana a ;2-ineh all cr and chise1. \rriYÍng back at their shanties, they made preparations to remain there an winter Owing to the i11nes of }.li father, )[1'. Berford was forced to return to Owen 80und, leaying his companioll alone in the forest. who for some thirtcC'n days was without t1w ight of H hUlllHll face or the :,ound of a human yoicC'. It was the fol1mYÎng pring lwfore )re r:,. Gould and Linton final1y settled on tlwir lots. Other sett1prs who came into _\rran in IH. l were \r("hiha1 in otlll'r portions of the county. had their full sharc of hanhhip. although they were not so badly off in the mattC'r of roads as W('I"C' lIIany otIH'r I()('nlitip . .T.)L [onkman, town:-:hip ('ll'rk. r('latl' thl' follo\\ ing a:-: hi p\.ppril'IH'P whpn he had to rough it as an e r1y settler: "I l"amC' to \rran in 185-1. whcn only 15 years of age, nUll kept bachelor's hall for some and was I'arl\" made onp of thp .Justil'es of the l'eacp for the count\". Tht> author is UlIIÏl'r <,onsidprahlp obligation to :\rr. Hang for lucid anù ål'curatp òesc>ription furnished b.\' him of the sl'ttll'rneut of tlw north-west part of Arran. :\rr. Sang {kpartpd this life Xovcrnlwr lith, H10-J., in his 84th 'ear, I.John Douglass \\as horn in Perthshirp, Scotland, in 18 . He was ninf'Ìeell years of agl' when his \\ idowí'd Illotlll'r and two brothers ellligratl'rl, coming to Canaùa. They at on{'e dcei.tl'd to tr,\" thí'ir forhuws in the back- woods and camp to Arran via O\\"l'n t'ounù. fr, Douglass says one of the first Jwrsons 111' Jrll't on entering till' township, whic'lI was in July, IS:ï , wa!'C (;eorgl' Gould, hllsily engagl'd in earrying out his contract of opening the UWl'n Hound road. Mr. Douglass had his full shan> of hardships :md privations of pioní'í'r lifl'. He \\as elt.(>tpil to be the first r(,l've of Tar:., anrl in 1 "'1 had the furthf'r honor of being maùe wanll'n of the county. He has hf'l>n eonnf'ctt'll with tllí' vohmh'I'r mOVl'lIlent from the VI'I"\' first and his naillI' is' to bf> fonnel in <,ollllí'dion th('rf'with in ('haph:r X. ::\fr. Douglas!:! has rptired from active liff> and is rl'siding at Tara, f'njoying the respl'c>t and estel'lIl of his feIlo\\ citi7.cns. ln polities h(' is a Liberal. He is a Pn'sb.\tf'Ti:m and has a1\\a.\s takpn an al'tive part in any goorl work. HI> has also filll'ù the position of a .Justil' of thl' Pl>ace for lllany yc'ars. 2A !'Clu(lv of the figurps in AppPllllix :\1 sho\\s the rl'latiw' ar 1 5() tll{' township existed as a eparate municipality, but in 185 (' the township of \mabel was united to it for municipal purposes by by-law of the County Council; JSf'e Appendix F. 2The foJJowing are the names of the reeves of the township of Arran: Richard Berford, 18:51; William Barber, 1855, '56; William Riddell, 185í; .T ohn 11. Lumsden, 1858, 1860, '63, '64, '65. '66, 18ïl, '72; James :Monkman, 1859; :Michael Babington, 1861, '62, 1873, '74; Andrpw Freeborn, 1867, '68, .69 1870, '75, '76, '77, 1896; H. T. Potts. 18i8, '79, 1880, '81, '82, '83, 'R4: '85; .John Hearst, 18R6, '87, '88, '89; William :Mackintosh, 1890, '91, .92 '93, '94, '93; .John Geddes, .Jr., 1897, '98, '99; James :Miller, 1900; .Tol;n 'Vatson, 1901, '02; Richard Nicholson, 1903, '04, '05; Wm. .Jacques, ]906. FIRST POST-OFFICE 271 to "hich union wac. Hd(led. in 1858, the township of Albemarle. Tlu.:ðe three towl1::,hip" continued ab one municipal corporation until the close of ] 8CO. inee then. commencing with January 1st, 1861, Arran has remained permanently a separate municipality. The separation of Albemarle and \mabel from ...\..rrall resulted in a pro- longed lawsuit.! On the separation of these three town!'hips into two lllunicipalitil: , the two l:orporations executed an instrument "hereby _\mabe1 anJ _\lbcmarle agreed to pay \rran all amount of indehtedIle . mutually agrped upon as $ ,8;r , as oon as the amount ('ould be collected from the non-resident arrears of taxes in the hands of the county trea::;un'r. The fh.ing of a particular fund to pay the deht w ;-; a mi:-;take. Therefrom a legal difficulty aro e, it heing dis- cO\ered, suhsequent to the signing of the agreement, that these non- resident taxps were largely charged on non-patented lands; as the law then stood, such lanJs were not liable to ta ation; in fad, only f:ome ?jO was collected of $5.000 of t11f'f:e taxes standing in the books of the county treasurer. The suit was not finally settled until 1810. The naming of the fir!'t po:;t-ofTiees in the to\\ nship was in aeeord- am'p with the custom which prevailed at the time of the settlement of Bruce, of gi\"ing the name of the town hip to its first post-office; 80 wp find that in 1 5;3 a post-office bearing the name of " Arran" was oprlll.(l, (;I'orge (;0111(1 heing the po:::tma:-:tC'r. The name of this post- otJi(Oe wa:; l:hanged in 1 .)!) to Im ermay. "\1 r. Gould held the office of po:::tllla t('r for only a very short time, and wa f:uceeeded by John r orton. " \\" p t .\ rran ., po t-offiee, now Burgoyne. was also opened in 18;); , thp fir:-:t postmastPr being \rchibald Boy. afterwards the postmaster at Port Elgin. .. ..Arkwright." opC'uC'cl in 1B5;', was the ne\.t po=,t-office in the town:=;hip; its first postma trr was J. Faulknt'r. hortly aíh'r spttler:; first eame into Arran there was formed thc nucleus of thrre yillage . T\\ 0 of thrse \\ ere at the post-offices men- tiollC'd in the> prec-t.<1illg para:rraph. Th(' third ,\ a Tara. Of theßc ']'ara is the only on<, which has de\eloped into a place of importance. For a long time it "a::: doubtful whether Tara or Invermay, situated oul.v a mile apart. wouM take the ]ea(1. ...\s Tara has a chaptPf to it:::c1f. we shall here reak only of hnermay. This latter village was I {'(, 4;' 1 T . ('. QI1('('n's R(,llch nl'l)()rts. page 1 3, also 1 ï ('hallct'rv Hpports, pagl' Hi , allfl 15 (,haDc('r ' Ht'ports, page 701, for particulars o.f this lIotl'd la\\suit. 2Thc old settl('rs say that .T. T. Conaway waR the first postmasÌl'r whne t h(' official records gi ve the Dame of Archibald Roy. 'I.'h(> t('nure of office of 011(' of these men was possihly not for any l('ngth of tilll(" which would t'xl'lain the matt('r. 272 IN YEIUIA Y sun-eyed into village lots in 1855. The plan of this sun ey shows only four houses as there built, aU of which were ncar the corner of the coneession road and the street leading to Tara. The sale of \ illage lots could not IUl\-e been brisk, as it wa::; not found necessary to register the plan until 1858. The building by Luke Gardner of a .saw-mi11 in 185.j or '.j6 anù of a grist-mill in 183; helped to make Invermay a bu:;incss centr . ..\ diredory of an early date gÏ\es details of the little village as it was in 1t;65, as follows: ., it has a population of ;250, ontains two tort':-:, two tanneries, one grist-mill and two saw-mill::::, Ì\\ 0 churche-.; and t,,-o dodor::;, etc. Quite a busi- neb i ùone in this ,-illage, it being :-:iruateù on the main trawllec1 roaù:' Of the churchps l11C'ntionecl one was a 1Iethoùist, built of brÜ'k, in 1861. It i;:; now oc upicJ b the Baptisb. The other church eùifice was Chris1 Church (Ch. of England). This wa::; built about 1861. JI1 18ìì it was replaced by a much hallll omer structure, which cost *.3,000. It was largely owing to the str('nnOl1 efforts of the late Rev. Rural Dean R. C. (iooper that this finp huilding \Va:3 built. (He was also instrumental in the erection of the Church of th(' l]pr1ppmer at Elsinore, and of St. Stephen's at Arran T.akc.) The first store at Invermay was opened hy 'Ym. TIidc1ell ahout lR.53, the first in the town:;:.hip. The mills huilt hy Lukp Ganlncr. sitnat('c1 ahout half a mile south of Im-ermay po t-offin>. ho1'(> the name of "Arran Yale :l\lills ": aft.pr pas ing ont of )Ir. Ganlner':-: hands they were run for a numher of years hy Syrian Cummer. A name long connected with lm-ermay is that of thp latp Ahraham Xeeland . who was postmaster, storekeeper and Division Court clerk there for man T Tpars, whose reputation a::: an npright man and a eonsistent Christian win long suryive him. 1 lAt the dose of the sitting of the (>Yenth Diyision Court, held in Vandusen's Hall. Tara, ,Tuly 5th, 1899, a very pleasing incident took place. It was the last time tllat tlle venerable and respected clerk, Mr. A. Neelands, would occupy that position, and .Tudge Klein, before dismissing the conrt, mad(' a few intert'sting and appropriatp remarks relative to the occasion, mentioning that f r. ('Plands was appointed Division Court Bailiff at Ûw('n Sound in 18+7, which position he occupied for nearly five years; afterwards occupying the same position at Invermay, and was then appointed Clerk of the Sf'venth Division Court, which he has held for the past fifteen years. He Wf'nt on to enumerate other positions held by Mr. Neelands-treasurer of Arran for 4 -ears. postmaster at Inverma T for 6 years, etc. He stated that the relation of .Tudge with Mr. Neelands had been most cordial and pleasant, no complaints had been presented against him. and the duties of l}is offi e had been performed ably and honestly. He was sorry to part with such an old official, anù hoped he would be long spared to enjoy the rest which he Q('servetl. Ir. Xeelands died February 24th, 1902, at the age of eighty-six. XOTABLES 27:-1 A reference to Chapter IX. shows that in 1833 Arran's school population was returneù as only 50, and no school buildings what- ever. There must have been some error in regard to the number of the school population, as we find that six schools were opened in the following year. This numLer was added to from time to time until thl're were in hì(): deven school buildings, a number which has not been further added to. \rran has among its farmers two who have filled the position of warden of the cOllnty of Bl'l1l"C', nanH'ly, 11. T. Pot!::; ana \rm. )r aekintosh. The e two men, po,.;-:( illg the estf'ern of many, ha, e al o 1.('('11 nOlllillat(.a for ParliamPlltary honon;. If space permitted, it would he interl'sting to local readers to have written of others in the town hip who;-;e rf'putation has e h'nded beyond its borders, or of some of the ohlpr fmnilips such as those that bear the name of Esplin, ". ark. ,[orn1l1. '[orrow, Hwinton, ,[onkman, etc., ete. Ruch a task might \\"l'11 he taken up by some local historian, and this suggl'stion, it i hopl'(l, may hefore long lIe carried out. CHAPTER XIX. VILLAGE OF' TARA. 1 THE reader is refcrr{'c1 back to the preceding chapter for particu- lars relating to it:;:. :settlement by Tara's pioneer s.ettlers., Richard Berford and John Hamilton. They, in the fall of 1851. came into the- unbroken forest, which coyered the township, anc1located on the farm lot aftenyard to be ;;:uneyed into a village. 2 It is not to be imagined that the village COl11llH'ncetl to take forlll at once: the evolving of a business ccntre in a township not fully settled until some years later J'l'quired time. The fact t.hat Tara is situated about half way between Owen Sound and Southampton, on the road opened out in 1852 had much to do with the developing of a village there. "ïthin two or three years after he had taken up his land, T ohn Hamilton built a fair-sized building of hewed logs, where he furnished accommoda- tion for the trm elling public, which consisted of incoming settlers and land-seekers passing on into the backwoods of Arran and the- adjoining town:::hips. It is said that in the first year after being opcnpd it was no UlH'OmmOn sight to F;PP from ten to tWf'nty teams drmyn up before the door of this small ho teIry. ,...-hose resources were taxed to the utmost to snpply the dCl11and made upon it. For a num- bcr of years a strong ri,-a1ry existed beh,'een the village of Tara and Invermay, situateil only a mile apart, as to which should take the first place in the process of de,'elopment and become the business centre of the locality. The result has bef'n not so much a survival of the fitt('st in r(,f'pect to location and natural achantages, for in thC'!=:e particulars t11PrC' was littlf' to choo:::e betvìPen the two places. I t has been mor(' because of the enterprise shown hy the people of Tara that it has dcw.loped at the expense of its neighbor. The sur- yey of {'ach of the villages was made about the same time. The par- lThe vil]age bears the Dame of a town in the county of Meath, Irf'land, a seat of royalty in ancient da;\'s. Referred to by Moore in his poem, " The Harp that once through Tara's Halls." 2Richard Berford took up Jots 31 and 32, and John Hamilton Jots 29' and 30, concession 8, Arran. 274 THE FOIUrlIXG OF THE VILLAGE 275 ticulars of that of Tara as gin n in a footnote! are the dates given on the plans as registercd, but preliminary sun-eys had bl en made in 185-1 by Uichard Herford, as::;isted by his three brothers. )[rs. St. L. Bcrford has bpen kinl enough to upply the author with many facts about the early days of Tara which haye been maùe use of in this chapter. She says: c. In the carly summer of 1854 the Hprfords raised the fir t house (a log one) huilt in Tara; this was for their father, .T olm F. Berford. 2 This building was on the site where now stand::; the British Hotel. In the same YCilr Hiehard awl St. La\\Tt'nce Herford built upon their rpspective properties. Otllt rs also who llê1f1 honght lots, or had them given to thpm on condition of building, erpded huilc1ing that year." _\mollg the first to open stOl e at Tara were F. \rmstrong, Donald utherland and I r. Le Pan. .\. saw-mill was huilt in 1 3.) hy II. 'L 11. Hichan1s, whith was the fb st manufacturing indu try known in the village. To thl he, in 18;)7, added a grist mill. The largest luallufacturing industry in Tara, the foun<1ry and agrieultural illlpll'lllent works of 'r. L\. Gerolamy, '\"as founc1('d in 1857. [t wa in that year that George Gerolam T and hi two hroth('r -in-Iaw, .T ohn and .Tarnp Tohy, purchased some lots in the village. _\fter clearing the same they put up a modest workshop and ('01ll111011('e(1 the 1IIamIfadurc of fanning mi1l . III the ('OllrSl' of two or three years ,,? \. (;erolamy took o\'er the busine s, whieh had not attained to large proportion by any means. By energetic efforts and pluck, c,)mhined \\ ith upright prinl'iplp , he has had the satisfae- tion of l\t'illg tht' hu:-:i11(\ :, gf' for sieves in fanning mil1 . For thi improvpmr>nt he ohtained a patent. \s a result, at tJ1P \Yodd's Fairs hr>lc1 at Philadelphia, Paris and Chicago. he was awarded the highest prizes. .\ mong t1w carl il'st of Tara's industril was a tf'am saw-mill ownf'.l llY G. 'r. Ttrinkwah.r, a woollen miJ1 oppratec1 hy Thomas Thomp!=:on. amI a potash factory hy Samuel Rhoyel1pr. Among the parly nwt'1Ianics might IJe mentioned Petpl" Chp tprfiel(l, pahinet-mak r, IThp su n'py of lots :n a n.l 2. eon('{'ssion 8, .\ rran, "3.S m3.tlp b}' Ri(' harfi Bprfonl; datp, l\fay 17th, 18:;S. The sun'p.,,, of lots 31 3. nil :l2, con('{'ssion 9, Arran, was mnde by St. Lawrence Bprforcl; datf', 1\;"ovelllher 10th, 18:)8. Thp sun'{'y of lot :In, con('pssion 8, Arrnn, wns made bv John Hamilton' datp, ::\rar('h 24th, IR:)!l. ., The sllrv{'Y' of lots part 29 :md 30, eon('{'ssion 8, Arrnn, wns made hv John :M. LUDlsd('n; datl', N ov{'mber 22nd, 1860. 2John Fitzwi1liam R"rford "as a retired officer of the British Navv. He only Run iv{'d a ff'\\" .pnrs after movin to Tara. His hurial plare .is on a knoll in th{' park lot th3.t b{'ars his name. 27U IKCORPORA nON who i:::, still living, and James 'f. Allen and )[oses Kellow, carpenters and builders. Donald Crquhart, coolwr (at one time editor of a Gaelic paper in Hamilton), wa one who became known as a local scriLe. The fir8t school teacher at Tara was J. R. Yandusen. For many years he retained the position of principal, anJ is remembered by numbers of those who in their youthful days attf'nded the village school. A post-oftìee was not opened at Tara until 1 G2. D. Sutherland was the first to receive the appointment of po tnH1ster, which post he held for only a short time, his ucte:-: ûr bf'ing .Tohn Toby. This post- office hore the nauw of "Ehlana ., during its fir t year, when it was changed to Tara. As the village grew in population a lksirc ,Ya f lt that it be separate<1 from the township and a:-: ume munieipal re!'ponsibilitie . Henry Yëllldu en was appointed in ) 880 to take the cpn:::us, and so ascertain if the vi11agp contained a population sufficient to clailIl inC'or- poration. The return shower1 that there were bùG inhabitants within the propose<1 houndaries. On this showing. thp County Council pa::: ed the rf'quired hy-Iaw, to come into force .T anuary 1st, U S1. The first municipal election waR lwld at the oU Presbyterian Church, .T. R. Yandu:::en being the returning offi(.Pf. The l"t'eve] electrd was .T ohn Dougla :::. ana the gentleman compo ing the fir:::t ('nuneil were 'f. A. Gerolam -. .Tohn Dunn. 'V. Yandus2n and fsaa(' :Shannon. .1. D. Toby was appointe<1 villap-e clerk, and .T. H. \ andusen. ,'illagp treasurer. The8e two gentlemen have retëlÏned t1wir offices ewr since. The first meetings. for rellgiou::-; sf'rvil:e were ("ollducted before an - regular congregation had bl'f'll organized, aUll were held in Gf'rolaIllY\; worb:hop, and on ...omc occasions in the potter '. Then, latC'r. the sl'hool-house was u::Ol'c1. III timf', congregation::: in connection with the nuious Protc:::tant denomination!' werp formed, and church building:;;. Wf're prectec1. rr'he Prpshyterians R'('1l1 to ha,-e bef'll the first to build. Their fir:::t edificc was of frame, put up in 1RGO, hut was de troYf'd h ' a wind storm bpfore eycr a sen"iee had been held in it. Tn the following ycar they built a more uh tantial building of hrid . 1'11(' gTowth of the congregation in the follmying '('ars neces- sitated a still larger edifice. This l'esulted in the building, in 1816, 'The following are the names of those who have been reeves of Tara, with the Yf'ars in which they filled the office: John Douglass, 1881, '82, '83, '84. '83, '86, '87, '88, '89 William Campbell, 1890, '91, '95, '96; ,r. F. Smith, 1892, '93, '94; .A. Trelford, 189í, '98, '99; .Tohn Hamilton, 1900; F. A. Thomas. 1901, '02; J. S. Colwell. 1903, '04; Isaac Colwell, 190;); Wm. Collins, 1906. THE PRESS 277 of the pre ent commodiolls church. In the year It:;61 the \Iethodists built a brick dlUI'l..h half way beÌ\\een Tara anu lnyermay. This IJUilJing thcy ()l a (,01l1111tmity pO:-: 1 :-;ing and ('njoying a larg(' f'harl' of pros- pf'rity ana nìntpntlllPnt. CHAPTER XX. TOJfNSHIP OF BRANT.! EXTRACT FRûM THE REPORT OF COU TY VALUATORS, 1901. " This is the largest town:ship in the county, being nearly 70,OUO aeres in extent. A large portion is very good land, but there is considerable poor and rough land. '1'he Saugeen River enters the township at Hanover, running westerly to \Valkerton, then in a northerly direction till it passes into Elderslie. The land on each si(le of the river for some distance is rough anù generally light. There is some l'ather stiff clay around Malcolm. Land, ho" ever, is selling well in this township. The fact of the county town being within its limits no doubt enhances value of property in that distr!l!Ì. Brant is well watered, has good roads, good buildings, and sufficient fuel and timber for years to come. The rate per acre is $36.94; of this sum the village property amounts to $2.58 per acre." BrrANT certainly is justified in claiming to be the premier town- ship in the county of Bruce, possessing as it does the largest area, combined with thc highest asses:smellt, and, if 'Yall\:erton is included, it also has within its limits the greatest population of any township in the county. It:; share of county rates is almost one-tenth of the annual levy of the whole county. The farms within its boundaries as a whole are not excelled by others in any part of the province. Indeed, onc of its farms (that of the late Andrew \YaedIter) carried off the gold medal in 1891 as the best farm within the four counties of Huron, Perth, " ellington and Bruce. The first lands in Brant opened for settlement were the "free grant ' cons i:Üng of th(> first and second concl':ssions north and south of the Durham Roaù. r:!.'hese were offered on the conditions to be found in Appendix E, in .J une, 1RJ9. All the lots on these four concessions were takcn up lx'fore the rcst of the township, which con- sisted of "school lands," which were offered for sale on August 5th, 1851. 2 The price asked by the 80\ ernment for school lands was 'Xamed after the celebrated Indian chief, .To:-.eph Brant, or Thayen- danegea. 2S ee A.ppendix H. The first purchasN undpr this sale wa9 "Tm. 11 ill s, for lots 34 and 3."), \'oncessÎon 3. S.D.R., 011 .August 6th, IS.)!. The first patent was issued to Jolm Eekford. on l\1ar h 5th, I .) , for l(lt 1, con- cession 6. 278 1 /J.r;:' r__! \ I I 'I I \'-JA I I ' I J I I 1 "I, 1 I Ð l- 7 t :rïT '-' I II [' p 'II ' I II I _Id , '- -4' 11 .: , I !I 1 þ -.- I I --..s" - I .-- Jr r. I I : h-Þl+ I y;; \ : t J t I "I \ \ V7 '. -À I, I ', H ( ., !. "'.......d \ , Y I __I 2 ci : , (_ ICfl' 'lt I Tn- I ri . 31 ' ,,;I'õ:. - ...Jh-+. - ---;; i .o I -i'---. I I IV (- - If': .. _ .. ': :JH . \ '. . CCG -: Q iL 'ð'?r: '1 = ""'':; :' I I r k-JiS' / \. ;x: rr T ' ---- T H Fff c."I: J \ i'---r---. ' -çf u'" ,ç \"1 \ r----'. ' - -----;- l I " .. / ;. .... JI-:.!.- 1'1 Ill l rvT 1'\ Tli trì. r- i: -hf-:.fB- , I 1 fJ!. - I ' t\ 't "- . ø 1 I , # l:-r f .. Ä \. {'$ - -y I- I ( III }--V' ll. \ I I J I T"rw=:: '; I 7 ., I 2 -' of . '", 7 & . Ið '/( 12 13 14 IS /6 /7 /8 e '201 1 f213 e", as à6 %7 2; 29 30 'J /132 1:13 I,H 'f -I+:d=t /) \1 I i ( I 1+ >:1 U' CL ... 'I- ."L rr T I her & . ,"--= '\"' i -- '"' -- _ -: .r II : I I I II \ I IT I I r I :) I I I I 1 11 \ I : r : liffi l':l t!.!.UJ,.. "L'.El , "I. v{:JJJ)lIl;Þ ,"' l !1 ffi J) -" _:----L- I I ,Iì'tW II II ,' : n . ï flYI! 11111tí,!1 ìJ v n I I1II fl I W, (fi E .TQ!'f: I I 'op l..t '-. :"mll I'll J '''''''';'' \. I I .. I II I fi \ ,.:;; I ' II I J . ') :.... r<\ ohb f --" , .t I I ..;L.('- (, ,. \ I;o"'" 'i"1 c() b b ' -; -+- I II : ( A ' Ji'" I ï t I I I 11 1 '\ -í j 11 ]ì _0 A B I ,I I if ì !. J11 f.( i; I : {fL JAT B ll1l' lI1iIT[.lI II[I III r 11 11 11 I 11111 ,t<ì(}r ::J r, .11 · ' 1 : 'I- '11 v I 'jrl.Jl .. tt T/A I' .. ?'-i n ! U ; H I .r l iu "-r "rl !'1 1 3 : '.IJ PIO EER:S 281 twehe ::;hilling and sixpence ( .5u) per acre, a figurc subsequently reduced to ten shillings. The reaùer is referred back to Chapter 11. for information lelating to the sun ey of the township and to Chapter;:; III. and .XXI. for information as to thc \ ery earliest of the pioneer::; who took up frec grants lots. They certainly ellllured hardships unknown to those who went into thé bu:::;h in 1t;5J and 1t;.3-!, little as the author would minimize what the latter had to endure. In 1849 and 1850, of road:; or bridge:; there were none; of :;a wand grist mills, as \\ ell as post- oflkes, none were nearer than lJurham. Thl;:o, disadvantage:::; were much redu(;l:d in 1 53, when the last large inflow of settlers to lands in Brant occurred. Of the early pioneers, not elsewhere named, was 'Y illiam :-;lllith (now residing in )Ianitoba), who cntered thc town- shiy of Brant in l -!fJ, thc first year of its b-ettlement. Lot 21, con- cession 1, S.D.n.. wa:; the farm lot on which he settled. ''"hen having this lot allotteJ to him he at the ::5amc time :;ecurcd the adjoining lot fo his father, 1h1' id mith.l His neighbors were .AleÅander and Archibald tPwart, who had taken up lots on the north siùe of the Durham Road opposite. In the helpful spirit so characteristic of the backwoods, assistance was freely reciprocated by these men in the building of their log shantie . The land-seeker of 18.30, after pass- ing the Stewarts. in his we::::.t\\ ard march, in a short timc camc to the shanty and clearing of J OSCp!l Bac.Q!1 2 who had been accompanied into the hush by his brave wife, the first woman to become a permanent settlcr in the township. Thcir littlc shanty was one whosc door \\ as ever open to offer the open-handed hospitality of thc backwoods to the tired tra vellpr. Among the early pioneers to he mentioned is Patrick Godfrey, who in the fall of 18-19, settled on lots 13 and 14, concession 2, N.D.R. 'It \V3cS on 1fay rd :J.O (which was the day Im)vious to the arrival of_ JO<;l'ph W'alk('r at the place afterward to bear his name), that David Smith and family settled on the farm lot adjoining Walkl'rton. There he resided for sl'veral years. David Smith was one of thl' first eldprs in the Presbyterian congregation organized in 1831. 'Vhen the north part of the township was opened for settlement he took up a farm lot on the thirteenth conceHsion, where he died, December, 1880, aged i8. 2.Tos('ph Baron wa!'! a nativf ûf E!'I!'!.f.x, Engl d, where he wa!'l born, Feùruary 3rd, 1,9". In Mar('h, 1833, he emigrated to Canada and residpd in the vicinit , of Hamilton. On the opening of the Garafraxa Road he settl('d in the township of Arthur. When the free grants of the Dnrham Road wpre op..ned for settlement, he was one of the earliest to settle in Brant, taking up lot H. on concPs!'Iion 1, X.D.R. If,. had the contract for cntting on t tltt> EI' a Road .thron..ß !.-t!1C .!9\\ns!lil)õrCarrir 1rr. B.l('on was a man 0 markeJ relIgIOus prIncIples. Ills lIt-ath oc('nrred December 2 nd, I"S . 282 DEATH IN THE FOREST By hard work he cleared these lots, and in time hall onc of the finest farms in the vicinity. retiring when age Cl'l'l't upon him to reside 111 \ralkl'rton, whl're he died in 1!)o3. Another pioneer of If{-l-!I was Thomas Toùd. who took up se\ eral lots just ea t of \ralkerton. After clearing these and re iding there for nearly thirty year . he HlO\"eJ to the Parry Sound Di trict. His son, Archihald, now a retired farmer, is a re:,ident of "" alkerton. The narratÍ\'e of a tragic incillent of the early day will not be out of place whilf' writing of the first pioneers of the township. One J an l es \Yallace. who had ettled on a lot on the outh line near where t1w \ralkerton Hailway tation ip>, was. in t1w winter of lx30. rehun- ing from Durham where he had gone to obtain supplies. \.fter cross- e ing tIll' allgel'n at the jam, referred to in Chaptf'r Ill., he walked along the north line to )[1'. )Ic\\lânney's and resteJ. A:-::. nig-ht ùrew on Ill' started to cross to t1w Durham line, exp('eting to get a far as )[1':-:. .1a per's that night. There was no broken path through the no\\'. and lw :-:eenll'd to ha, e mi:-::,ed the hIelzl' on the tn'e:::;. After night fell, hi:-: I'hout \\"('1"(' 11l'ard at the .Ja:-:per:-,' hanty. :::;0 me :-:tri.lngN:-:. guest:-: there that night. anll the ho -s lighted cedar tOl'che:-, alHl Wl'nt out in tIll' darklll's into the fl)re t to tind out the l'('a:-:on of th(' !'houting. f'tarting in a \\Tong- direction. a::-: they foun:=! 1,y the feehler oUIlll, thl' ' r('Ìtunf'd and startet! again, when somc fcoli:-:Ï1 OIW sllggf'sted that thl' cries wen' not those of a human heing, 1111t tho:-:e of a pant1H'r-in the woods at night, a very plausihlp theor.,,- and onf' that wa:-; aeeeptpd hy all hut :\1 r:-,. .1 asper. A:-: soon a:, it was (lay she sent lwr l)oy:-: out to try a11l1 filHl in the sno,,- a trail or other e,-jd('ne(' of who or what had uttercil the eril's. Charle:-:.1 asper found a trail, whie-h he fo110\\"('11 up. awl hdof(' long fo ul1l1 tl lf' Loch of 1?Q0l' J am('.; \\'}llla (' ', frozl'n ti1r. a y i dim to the dan gpr::: of Ii fc in the hackwoO(l . o Ill' of )1 r:-:. .1 H8per\, on:-: wall (.d all tIll' ,yay to Owen SoullIl for a e-()l'Oncr, a Dr. Gonion. The n'nliet. of ('our e, was In aee-offlanc'l' with fad:-: a:-: hl're related. The body wa hurif';l III the lm:-:h not far from wlwre it was found. ]n (,hapter Y. arp to hi' found t1l(' fad:-: relating to the opening up through tl}(' fon' t of the Durham Hoa(l in 1 H30. amI in the fol- lowing ye lr of tIll' }"oílll thpn callpl1 thl' Durham and Southampton HOH(l. wh ieh road ('oìllmencptl hl'hn'l'n lot...: 1:) and 1 (Î of tIll' Durham Hoatl, anll ran north to the fifth e(ml"(' :;;iOll. thl'lll"1' Wl' t to the pn'sent Elora 1:oa(l. whi('h from that point \\"H:-: al:-:o o}lelll'tl that year EARLY SETTLERS 283 to Pai:-:ley.1 The opellin7 of the:;c roi kif:on and rOhll ll.XciJ. on tlH' :-:outh Jinp: .Janll' awl amu('1 1 \\llÎnney. Hobert (;O\\anloek, .1olm Littk, .1(':-:eph anJ .lohn llarkley. .Tohn anrt Bruc.e. .J allH':-: Bell. .\nth()n ". .h1ml':-: awl Charlt' Iyle:-:, on the north linp: Hohprt ] r OflH'. Hohert Franll'. "ïlliam ronL'n. .\[lam ClpIHent. (;('Of71' B. Lamont. .J an14':,. Thoma:-: awl Andn'w "ïl on, "ïll iam and Hithaf(l (; uinn awl tho:-:(' llwntioned in ('hapt...'r III. and eli'pwhprp, who took up farm lot:-; on tl1<' Durham lim'. B(':,;ides thc:3e f>arI.," 8etth'rs here l1l('ntiOlW(l. thf'rl" wert' llHm . other . onH' of whom han' 1110\('<1 away awl !t'ft hnt thl' n'('ol1edion of .1 name. Thl' .fir t ho ' hahy ",hidl ('allu' to hrig-htl'n tl1l' hOH\(, of a piom'pr of Brant ame to thp Ing- !'-hant.'. of \Yilliam (.. King u) .Tohn ton in .THIll'. lR50. Thi:-: a.1<1ition to tIll' sl,ttlenll'nt Wùi' ehri t('n('ssion I), and lot 1. ('01)('('ssion Î. His famil.v rt'lIIai'll'd for thrl'l' months at Durham, ",hi]1' a log Hhantv was Iwing huilt. :\lr. E('kforcl W:lS t'vt'r 1'1':ul.v to give his sl'n"in's in U;t' ont1t!('ting of ,llllhlil' worsh.ip; tll."rl' art' hilt few I'n'shyterian I'ongrt'gations In tIllS part of tIll' ('ounty 111 Willell h(' has not prt':wlu.t!, His sf'rvil"f's "'ert' much appn'l'iatpd lIId wl'n' in gn'at demantl to fill an.'" Ì('mporary va('aIH'Y: many a eongregatlOn W(l\tltl h:1V(' IU'en J.!latl to han' hall him a!'l its settlel] minish'r. I n IS." Ill' \\ as f'll'l,tl'll n'f""I', hut resignee] to ae('ept the position of LtH'al Hupf'rilltf'lIt1l'lIt of St'hools, \\ hi('h of1iI'e h" ]w](1 until it ,\ as aholisllI'd, i _nl ", L. :\1.1'. Et'kfonl :.tlso hpl(1 tht' ot1in' of township trpasun'1' from. 11'\,._ l1.nt1l IllS df'ath, whlt'h o('I'nrn'd Odolwr 2 nd, 1 "1, '" hen Ill' was III IllS f'lJ..,ht."-st't'ond .\ t'ar. 2 .t INDIAN SCARE and )Ir . Thomas \.dair, four months later, came the first girl baby born in the township, who, on attaining womanhood, was married to Donald inclair, :M.P.P., and sur-dye:; the death of her esteemed husband. The first medical Ulall to render professional assistance to the pioneers wa:; Dr. 'Yilliam Bird, who resided near Hanover, on lot 67, concession 1, S.D.R. In December, 1b52, the settlers of Brant were the victims of a fal:se alarm, which at the time create2, a rush set in to ohtain a squattt'l"s claim 1 to a farm lot in that township, IThf'se lands in ('arrick did 110t come into the market until the time of the" Big Land Sale" in 18.)-1:. See Appendix K. JA 1ES BROCKLEBAXK 2 ,j a.nd for a short time the land::: in Brant" ere compar fifth con('PS- Bion, which he farmed Buccessfull). Ht' also. a num1wr of years latl'r. ('ngagl'11 in milling, having pun'hased a larw. intprpst in the :Maple Hill Mills, hilt in this venture 1w lost mone,.. ::\fro Broeklt'bank l'arh. took an int('rest in municipal politil's. He hphi the position of <1pputy rl e\.p of Brant for the .\pars ]".')9, 'GO, 'Gl, and of rp('ve of the township from 1 "'fj to 1 (jq. and from 18ï6 to 18ï9. :I1H1 from 1 flï to IHÜn, inclusiv(', making a total of fiftepn years. :MI". Dl"lwkl('hauk was also wardl'n of the I'OUII t.\' for thl' five ypars, ]f;tj-t to 1 "fi , inl'1usiv('. In ')olitil' :\[r. Brockl{'hank was a f'onsl'rvative. Hl' UlIslH't'essfully, in l (jï, ('ontpste<1 the riding of Routh I1rul'l' with the Hon. E(l\\"[ll"(l Blakl' for t}l(' Hou p of Assembly. In 1 ï2 he again l'ntl'rpd thp field of politi. . rUlllling for a l'at in th(' Hou!'!e of Common!'!, but was dl'f('atpd 1JV R. :\L 'VeIls. ::\Ir. Brol'k]('hank was a ('onsisÌl'ut nl('m1wr of tll(' ::\h.thoàist (,hurch, and wa largply illstrullll'ntal in the huilding of a fram" ('huJ"('h for that dpnolllina- tion, er('(.tpd in the YNlr 1 G9. on a 1'01"llf'r of hi!'! farm. Aftpr:1I1 al'tiv(' life hp I'lIh'rpd intn his rpst, .'uly 31"11. Iflnl. 1I1111'h rpgreth.'IÌ. 286 l\IUNICIPAL EVE TS ueCll made, the name would he writtcll in ink. It is c1aillH'd that one- third of the inhabitants of Brant are of Germall birth or dc cent. It was ahout the time of whidl we are writing that they cOlllmenced to come into the township, taking up land pretTy mudl in one locality, the easterly part of Brant. Th(':,(' German:': were large from \[eck- lenburg and the north of Uermany : in rpJigion, they "'cre mostly Protestant . .Excellent, thrift.'" ettler:, they pron d to bo. The fol- lowing arc the names of Ollle of the earlie:-;t of the::,e G('rman settlers: -J o]m Dier:.;Ü.in, (,harlps and Fn'dl'ric h1lh', .10hn \rilkin, [artin St.aJtlëullll'r. )[iehac1 and Uottlieh Schrol'lh'r, Hl'nry Huhl, .J ohn and Fred('rick )Iontag. "'lll'n the llIunieipal union of all of the town:-:hips in dIP county was hroken Up.l the two town hips of Brant awl Carrick \\"('1'(' torllled into one mmlÍeipa]ity. Thi::, union ]a:,:tpJ for the yeëu lR,;-l- and 1835, on the 1st .J anuary, 183ö. eaeh township hecallll' a sl'}mrate muni- cIpal corporation. The fir:,t Council of the united municipality ('on- sistpd of .fo8eph Walkpr. .101m Eekford. Xathanil'1 Line:-;, "ïJliam "" alker and .1 mn'r>:-: Ben::-on. .r o (\ph 'Yalker was l.ho ('n reeH,.2 anù \..rchiba1d )[c ' icar town:-:hip clerk, The name:-: of his UCl'e:::..;ors in office are gin'n in a footllote. 3 lIl' was town:-:hip trea:,un'r a5 well," but this latter position pas:-:('(l in lK37 to 'r. ,rill oug:hhy, who held it for twelw' ."pars. He was '<11('l"l,\,tkd by.1. G. Coopt'r and he by John Eckford. who died in offiee: his :':on J auH'.; C. Eekfonl then received the appointm('nt and held the offic of township tn'a:-:l1fl'r from lRS1 until the pnd of l!HI.;. During llI aflminii'otration thp finan('('s of Brant have upen in a most ati:-:fador.\- i'otatc: the. judil'iou manage- JRc>e _\ppen11ix F. T1H' f()llowing al'e the names, with the 'ears of office, of those who have held the reevc>ship of Brant down to HHI() : .Toseph Walker, 1854, '.);), ';;6; .John Bckford, part of IS.)i; \yi]]iam Ha]J, part of IS:)i, '5H; John Bruce, 1 59, '110, 'fi1; .Tames BroC'k]('ballk, IS62, '63, '64, '6.), '66, '67, 'HS, 'i6, 'ii, 'is, 31111 part of ISi!), '9i, 'ÇlS, '99. 1900; .r. C. Eekford, IS69, 'iO; .Tohnston Rmith, ISil; \Villiam ('o]Jins, 18i2, 'i , 'i-1-, 'i.); B. ('annon, part of IS/H; .1ames Tolton, 18 o, '81, 'S2, . 3, '8-1, 'S,), 'R6, 'Hi, 'RS, ' 9; Andrew Waechter, IH90, '91; Rotwrt Long, 1R92; WiUiam Litt]f', lS9 , '9-1, '96: Gf'orge Sirrs, IS!):>; R. Richardson, 1901; 'V. H. Brocklebank, 1902; .\lex. .\1111erson, 1903, '04; Fred Frooke, 1903, '06. 3The fo]Jowing are the Hames of the succeeding township clerks to the year 1906: Peter 1I('Viear, William .r. Scott, A. S. Mackintosh, J. Jami('- son, .T. G. ('oopf'r, D. Sullivan, .r. C, Eckford, Thos. R. Todd, J!lmes S. Laurie, and ,r. H. Cannon. 4Therc> was a shortage of a large amount in his acconnts, the particulars of whiC'h is IH.'ellless to record. THE RESERVE I work \ra..; eOIll- men eù in IH-;-!I, anJ eOllll'll'tec..1 two year:-; laÌL'r. To pay for thi:; work, dchL'utuI'l':' for $3,()Üü wen' i ueù iu lHHO, followed in the 11I'\.t YPèH hy an is:,Ul' alllounting to *l"j()O. Bt'sides t]w:,t' dt'henture:" Brant has i:.':;ued otlwrs in ai(l of railway:;. In IH-;-H. thl' t'èlr that hOllu:,e:, were :;ou ht for the ('on:,tl'udioll of till' railway to \\ïarton, Brant gan' a hOllUS toward:-; it of l.j.()OO, The raihnl " ('omIHlllY hring finè:llwially :,trè:llHh'(l, it ('allie had\: for a further houu:; till' following year. ....\.:' there wa:-; no hope of t]w to\rnship as a wholL> Ulllll'rtaking thi:; adllitional finaneial hurden, tIll' ratl'IHl.n'r::, in tIll' Pël:'Ìl'rn part of the to\rn:,hip were a kc(l to do :'0. aud in I'l':-']Hm:-'t' yoted a sectional houus, amouutiug to !t:).(1(11I. The ll('('(':,sary hy-Iaw for thi::.; earried, and the dl'l)('nture \\"('rl' i SlH'd in IH; !). Of till' fallliliL't' whil"h t'ttlt' 1 on the fret' grant ]aml:, in Brant thcn' wen' man." who l"allle frolll :-,(,ttlt'III('nts wlH'I"L' thL'.\" had po:,- io-....s('(l auù prizp(l tl1(> pri,"ileg(' of att('I)(lillg ehurl"h :('I'\ i(>l' . It wa:; to he e\.pl'l>ÌI'(l. tlll'l1, that sh'p:- ,\oulll he early takpIl h.\" sHeh to pl'Oyirll' that whil"h, h('n' in tht' hush. tlll'.\" Illi::ised :.'0 grpatly" ThL' r(':m1t of th(' ('frort:, tlll'Y put forth to llll'('t thi:-: want wa th(' Imilding of the ti rst ('h nrl'h PI Ii ti(.(' in t]ll' coun (L It wa hut a pI a ill log hou:,l' o fl'('t h,\' (i fl'et in izl', hut as it \\"a:-: thl' first of many (.hur('lll' art('n\(\}'(l to lIl' f'l'('(,tI'II in tIll' l"ounty, it will hI' hnt pl'Opl'r to gi\e in dl'tail th(' parti('ular of it in(>l'ption. I'\'('n if t]1l' author lIIay P1'1' ill heing SOllH'- what proli\., 1Ian.\' of t111' fa('1:, ]1('re gi\l'll an' èlS }'('latl'(l h,\' [r. TllOlnas .\Ilair. On(' (If its foulld('rs. _\ nll'l'ting of tIll' ('ttl('rs wa 11l'1:1 .J 111.\" :)th. 1 H.') 1. at thl' hOll";(' of HolH'rt 1-'ra1ll(' (lot L'). l'Oul"(. i(Jn 1. .1J.J:,) to takl' :-:tI'p tOWi1fll (,I'I'ding' a Imi!llinp: for )luhlj(' \\01'- ship. .\mong tlll'!""' rr(' I'nt W('f(' 1II('lIIh('rs of th(' ('IIllJ'(,h of Englal1ll, 1rl'tholli:,t:-:, PI'I':,hytf'l'ian and Olll' COllgTl'gationalist (1r r. Frame). T]l(' first illtl'lltioll of the 1I1('(,tillg wa to arrange for a huil,ling to he 'This fund, amoullting to ahout -l,,"j()tI, originatPII in grallts n'('t'iv('II from till' Uovl'rnml'nt on :\(>('ount of tI)(' "Lallli I mpro\'t'IIIt'ut I.'und," TI!t' To\\nship ("oun 'il t;>f ('ach ylar han' abstainpd from ('III'roaching Oil tillS n:st'rví', uSlIIg It slIn 1'1.\: for tl)(' pu.rpost' of ti ding t hI' mu nil' i pali t.\' o\,pr tlllll'S of IlI'a\'.\' ('xpl'nlhtnrí', spr('achng slll'h 0\'1'1' s('\'l'ral \"I'ars, and this without l"l'sorting to thl' hOl 1"11\\ iug of mOllt'Y. . 288 FIRST CHURCH used as a union meeting house for all denominations. :Mr. Adair said: " ...\.s far as I remember, the names of those in fayor of a union meet- ing-house were the Iessrs. Todd, two of the "ïlsons and two of the 1\Iordens. At first I favored the same; so did Robert Frame and Adam Clement. After a friendly discussion, George B. Lamont, who appeared well versed in church law, took the ground that this plan would not work, as the building and land would hm e to belong to some one denomination there represented. 1\Ir. Lamont's resolution to this effect was agreed to by a majority. On a show of haB(l::. being taken, a large majority was found to be in favor of the building being built by the Presbyterians. Those belonging to other denominations then left the meeting. The next step was the appointing of a com- mittee to collect suhscriptions. The committee consi ted of as a muni('ipality, inasmuch a8 it never was a village, but blo!momt"d into bt"in a full-llf'd ed town at a bound. JRpe in C'haptn TIT. whf'rf' rr. Adair and the othpr earl)' pioneers are furth('r m('ntionf><1. 293 294 FIRST TO SETTLE loveliness so enchanting that Mr. Adair ever spoke of it with enthusiasm, while Kenneth Kemp,.a staid, unimpassioned Scot, his sole companion, after silently contemplating the lovely prospect, vented his feelings by saying, "Eh mon, if Eden was anything like this, what a fool Adam was to eat the apple."! The first settlers on any of the lands now included in the town of Walkerton were William' Jaspër and 'Edward Boulton, who took up farm lots just east of the river in June or J u1y, 1849, and there erected the first h'ouse in what afterwards became the town of Walker- ton, the site of this log shanty being in the gore formed by Bay and Mary Streets and the Durham Hoad. That same summer or fall Jòhn Lundy and Moses Stewart settled west of the river. To these were. added, in the spring of 1850, Thomas Bilkie, whose Dame is still horne by the hill on the west of the town. _\mong the settlers who took up land in 1850 one of the most llot('() ,,:a::. ,T osC'ph 'Ya]ker. 2 a man who will always be remembered in . '1Another description of thf' primeval appearance of Walkerton is here given, being an extract from the Report of Survey made by A. P. Brough, P.L.S., of the Durham Road. It is as follows: " Township of Brant, lots 35-25. The line on this block proceeds over a waving surface, composed of a good clay soil, and containing heavy hardwood timber, a distance of 61 chains and 80 links, when it drops forty feet into the valley of the Saugeen River and crosses valuable flats of five chains in width. When the Saugeen is met, the river is crosséd obliquely, and at the crossing-point is intersected by an alluvial island standing six feet over the water, thus forming two channels in the river, the east o'ne of which is shallow, with a rapid current, and is 185 feet in width. The WE-st channel is also rapid and is four feet in depth and 87 feet in width. The island is crossed at its northern extremity, and is 177 feet in width; it will form a convenient resting-place for piers in erecting a bridge; the total distance across the river, including the island, is 449 feet. 'rhis is the second time in which the Saugeen River is crossed, and now the stream pursues a northerly direction and is no more met with by the Durham Road. Above the crossing point the river is intersected by numerous small islands, and immediately below occur small rapids, and the river takes a sharp turn nearly at right angles toward the west, having its east banks rising to an elevation of over on hundred feet and composed of a clay bluff, while its west bank is low. The line having crossed the river pursues its course over a nearly level surface composed of a sandy loam soil and producing large hard- wood timber, crosses two small streams, but which run dry in summer, nd meets the side road. at lots 25, 26, at th dista:pce of 1 chain 89 links from the Saugeen, on its north side. Immediately.. at the side road, between lots 25, 26, the line crosses Silver Creek, which falls into the Saugeen cloM to .the line.'.. Silver Creek is a rapid stream, with a shingle bottom from eight to twelve inches in depth and twenty-seven feet in width, and ought to afford a mill privilege." 1Joseph Walker, familiarly spoken of as " Old Joe," was by nationality an Irishman, and claimed, so it is said, the county of Tyrone as his birth- place. Before arriving at the :rears of manhood he came to this c01mtry, JOSEPH WALKER 295 " - connection with the county town of Bruce, appropriately named after him. If anyone can claim to have founded Walkerton it certainly is Joseph Walker. When he constructed a dalll across the Saugeen and erected mills that cut lumber and ground :flour in those early days for the scattered settlers, the certainty of a town developIng at that spot was assured. Realizing this, Joseph Walker had the adjaceut farm lots which stood in his own, or his son William's name, surveyed into a town plot. It was largely through his efforts that the infant settlement became a busy business centre. If any can clailU to have struggled to make the settlement a town, it is Joseph \Valker. During the prolonged contest for the county town, it was he who championed the cause of Walkerton, and that successfully; never despairing during that prolonged nine years' struggle, even when his cause seemed all but lost, manifesting throughout a buoy- ant courage, determination and versatility of resource that com- manded the admiration even of his opponents. To take up land for the purpose of farming was not the object Joseph 'Valker had in view when he entered Bruce. His \'ocation had been that of a miller, and he came seeking for a mill site on the line of the Durham Road. In the spring of 1850 he left Durham, in the vicinity of which he had been residing, accompanied by three frieD(l . John :McLean. William )IcIntosh and Archibald Fraser, all thorllllg-h ha('kwoon. men. ThC'y walked to OWPll :-'OHllfl. thC'nee by the and resided for a number of years in the vicinity of Cookstown, from whence he remo\Jed to the county of Grey. \t the time he entered the county of Bruce he was a man of forty-nine years of age, stoutly and compactly built, rather below the average beight, energetic, tenacious of purpose, and of an active, nervous temperament. Many of the old settlers speak warmly of him for the kindly acts extended to them in the early days, wben nearly every one was in comparatively poor circumstances. He was twice married-first to Jane Pinkerton. by whom he had four children, and on her death to a Mrs. Bailey, who kept the "White Horse" hotel near Durham. Besides the log-house first erected by him, he also built tbe stone house no\\- occupied by R. E. Truax, and also the one occupi('d by the late Judge Kingsmi1l, and the one on the corner of Colborne and Cayley Streets, now occupif'd by Mr. Alexand('r Menzies. He was the reeve of Brant for several terms, and was also Walkerton'8 first mayor. He was rather careless in his business methods, the result being that finding his means slipping through bis fingers, he in 1870 gathered together what he bad left to make a fresh start on the Mani- toulin Island. He purchased a mill privill'ge and erectl'd a grist mill at Sheguindah village. He spent the last winter of his life at Walkerton, returning to' the Manitoulin in the spring. I1is end came in June, 1873, at the age of 72. Further biographical details are dispensed with, as his name and. actions will appear in other parts of this History, >especially in that r/'latmg to the contest for the county town. A large sized portrait of Mr. .Walker fittingly bang in the. Walker on Town Hall, enabling later generatIOns to become acqunmted wIth tbe lIneaments of its founder. 2V6 FIRST BIUDGE 'f Gimby Trail ., to the mouth of the Saugeen, and on to Kincardine. It wa a long, round-about way to reach the spot on which he ulti- mately settled, and we can only offer a surmise for his doing so, which is, that he had learned of applications having been made for the near at hand mill privileges,! and so travelled the route he did hoping to find at, or near, Kincardine a suitable water power not taken up. Being unsuccessful at first, they journeyed eastward over the blazed path which then marked the Durham Road. Walker's companions found lands which suited them in Greenock, but he pushed on until the augeen wa::; reached, and there decided to locate. The record::; of the Crown Lands Department show that on 15th July, 1851, l\lr. George Jackson recommended that Joseph \Valker be the locatee for the mill site and lands where the augeen crossed the Durham Hoad, which recommendation the Department confirmed July 26th of the ame year. It was in lay, 1 50, that J oseph Walker arriyed at the locality with which his name is associated, and located upon lots 27 and 28, concession 1, N.D.R., and lot 29, concession 1, S.D.R., taken in his own name and that of his son William. Subsequently he obtained the assignment of the rights of other settlers, or purchased them, so that patents were issued to him or his son for ten of the twenty- eight farm lots which subsequently were included within the corpora- tion of the town of Walkerton. Those who first settled at or near what is now the town of \Valkerton entered the count.y from the east, passing through Durham, where the Crown Lands agency for the "free grants" was located. From there, through the unbroken forest, they made their way by the surveyor's marks, aE1 any claim to a road consisted of nothing but a blazed path. It was not until the fall of 1850 that the Durham Line in the township of Brant was chopped and logged and a bridge built over the Saugeen river at the site of the future county town, \vhich hridgp lastpd lmtil 1855. when it was rebuilt. J oseph "Talker after taking up his land proceeded to erect a log house. As the conditions of settlement required that this should not be less than 18 x 24 feet, it is not difficult to picture the appear- ance of the first building erected by him in W alkerton. I ts site was where Durham and }'fill Streets now intersect. This house was not IMr. Archibald Todd, of Walkerton, says the mill privilege there was first applied for by one Anderson Foster, in 1849, but he threw up his claim before the application was granted. FIRST STOltE 297 only a dwelling for Mr. 'Yalker and his family, uut was the hotel of the ôdtlclIH'nt for Hlany a day, where the weary pioneer obtained rest and lodgings when on his way to the lands he had taken up in ,. the bush." \Valker must have worked hard after settling on his lots, 8.5 we fiml that he was the fir::;t man in the towll hip of Brant who, having complied with the conditions of settlement (which among them required that twelve acres of land on each lot should be cleared), obtained his patent from the Crown; this not for one lot only, but for four. The date of these patents i::; 11th December, 1851. Ha\"ing obtained his patents, Walker proceeded to ere.ct a saw-mill, which was completed in 1852. Tpe construction of a dalll to give the neces- sary motive power wa::; 110 lllall cngineering feat in those days in a small settlement where help was hard to be got and money none too plentiful. The initial dam at 'Yalkerton was in two parts, one from each hank of the ri\cr, thrown acro:, it to a wooòpd island in the centre of the stream. The pre ent dalll was cOll:::trude(l uy S. &. T. H. o on & Co., in the early scventie . The village of Durham was the base of supplies for the first bettlers who came into Brant. It was there they had to go for their mail matter, and als0 to ha\e ground into flour the first grain grown on their small clearings, as well <.LIS to purchase their groceries anù clothing. These inconvenienccs werc partially overcome when in 1831 J[essrs. Jardine ò.. Valentine. ha\"illg erected tlw builcling familiar to Walkertonians of the present day as ., the old post-office," they there established the first mercantile business known to ""alker- ton. The building referred to was nearly opposite Joseph "Talker's tavern. Between them a small stream of water flowed, which long since has disappeared. Shortly after the opening of Jardine & Valentine's store, John Shennan opened another, which wa located on Willoughby's Hill, eal::t of the river, In IR52 h('nnan wa s appointed postmaster, the office being known as .. Bran t." It was the third post-officf' establishpd within the county. the OffiCl'S at Kincardine and Southampton having been established tIll' preceding year. As Shennan was unacquaintpd with the dutie>s of the offil"c. he had {alcolm :McLean, at that time engaged as a clerk with .Tarùine & Valentine, and who had experience in post-office dutie , to open and end out thc fi t mails from th.. office. hennan after holdinCJ' the office for about a year resigned, when lalcolm [cLean received the ppointmpnt, òah'ò 15th Novemher, 18.): , ancl hns held. it to this day, possibly the olòe!õlt postma5:ter in Canada. Thp name of the 2 8 GRIST MILL post..:office was changed to "W alkerton," September 4th. 1 5 7. The next to open places of business in \Yalkerton were John Bruce anù James Jamieson. The former claims to have built, in 1853, the first frame building, and in 1859 the first brick building erected in the town. In 1853 the need of a grist mill was a want so seriously felt by the settlers that an effort was made to have one built. 11aple Hill was the site. spoken of as the most promising. At a meeting held to discuss the project, Joseph Walker was present and succeeded in persuading the majority present to unite with him and erect the, mill at 'Valkerton. The farmers gave a very substantial support to this undertaking by subscribing $1,600, which financial assistance assured the building of the needed mill. The many dilliculties aris- ing from the transporting of the heavy machinery over the almost impassable roads through the woods were overcome. Alex. McPhail was engaged as the first miller, and in November, .1853, the mill was set in operation. 1 As since then the hum of machinery has always been heard in Walkerton, the evolution of its industries may as well be referred to here as later on. The saw and grist mills which Mr. 'Valker's energy had secured for Walkerton were for some years the only manufacturing industries of the place. A tannery seems to have been the next industry estab- lished. Following thcsp were an oatmeal mill, a planing mill and a woollen factory. J n 1864 James Blair opened a foundry and machine shop on the site of the present town hall, and rån it successfully until it fell a prey to the flames in May, IS11. The grist mill was unfortunately burnt in the early part of 1864, and it was not until January, 1870, that it was rebuilt and running again, being owned at that time by Noxon, Saylor & Co. This mill was enlargeù to six run of stones by the Noxon brothers, who became sole owners after- wards. In April, 1877, it passed into the hands of David Moore. Not finding it profitable, it remained idle for a while, during which time th mill was burnt down. Obtaining municipal assistance, R. B. Clement rebuilt the mill in 1886. This time the mill was built of brick and of four stories in height, and fitted with machinery for the" roller process" of gristing. It is run at þresent by S. W. Vogan , . IWilliam McBride, of Elderslie, relates that in the winter of 1854-55 the head-race of Walker's mill became-.so blocked with anchor ice that he éould only run one pair of stones out of three, and that only at the rate of a bushel and a half per hour. A grist he took at Christmas time was not delivered uutil July.' . IXDUSTRIES 299 & Son. 'fhe grist mill west of Silver Creek was used at first as å planing mill. but was {'hanged into a grist mill and run by George Harrington, who having obtained a municipal bonus was thereby enabled to change the machinery in the mill ann install the " roUer process." The mill has been run for a number of years by John e. Several industries which flourished at 'Valkerton for a time under the stimulus of a municipal bonus have disappeared. Among those may be mentioned the felt-boot factory, which was started in Ibbl on receiving a bonus of $3,000. This business existcrl for about sixteen years under various proprietors, but at last had to be closed down. Another wa::; the woollen mill. This received a bonus of $4.000, granted to :Messrs. :Kennedy & Bqnson. On their failure, the business passed through several hands and ultimately was taken up by Rife & Co., who were induced to remove the machinery of this mill to Cargill in 1902. O. n. _\nderson received a bonus of $6,000 in 1887 to enable him to extend his furniture factory. Ir. Anderson in many ways is a remarkable man. His first attempt at manufac- turing at Walkerton was in connec-tion with a stave mill in 1817. This was developed and enlarged to a furniture factory, which at the time of his leaving Walkerton had 125 hands on the pay roU. 'Ir. Anderson's reputation had extended to ,r oodstock, where the largest furniture factory in Canada existed. This business had become finan- cially f'mharra sed, and those intereste.I in looking around for a suit- able m m to conduct it. robbed "Talkerton of one of the most enterpris- ing men who have resided in it. The whole plant of this concern was transfcrred to Woodstock, August, 189:>. The town felt the los of this e.Üensive industry in a marked degree, and an effort was made to tart another industry of similar dl'scription. 'rhis rf'sn1tf'd in the formation of a company callpn thp " alkerton Chair Factory Co., in the> year ] R!)6. which in tllP following year rp('eive a loan from the town of $6,000. This business was ultimately taken over by the Knechtel Furniture Co. (of Hanover), and if' carrieq on by it, they having assumed all the conditions in .rcference to the repayment of the loan. If some industrial concerns mov d away from Walkerton, others have moved to it, foremost of which is thc Ameri- can Rattan Co., late of Toronto, the move from that pentre of m nu- factures being largely the result of the efforts of Mr. John R. Shaw, a wen-known 'Valkertonian resi,diI}g at TQroJ?to. This business i under the s,:!pervision of Mr. L. C. Benton, manager. and ships its artistic products t() all parts of Canada, frOl:r;J Halifa?L to Victoria. 300 INDUSTRIES In 1902 three bonuses or loans were granted by the town to as many new industries. A $5,000 bonus was given to the 'Yalkerton Hosiery ('0., this company having taken over the lllachinery of D. 'Yilliams, who had conducted a similar business at Collingwood; $5,OUU was loaned to Pett & Son to start a biscuit and confectionery factory, and $2,000 to the Canada Bobbin Co. This latter company had carried on busines:-: years before in ". alkerton under the name of Kerr & Harcourt, but expecting to obtain lumber cheaper at 'Yiarton and Parry Sound had moved thither, but finding that labor could be more readily and cheaply had at \Yalkerton, decided to return. The business is now managed by 'V Ill. l\I. haw. The husiness carried on by Messrs. Pett & Son did not prove successful, and the corpora- tion became owners of the land and buildings under the mortgage. Po:-: ihly t he mo t prominf'nt industry in the history of "T alker- ton i:-; that at pre (>nt controlled by I . Truax &- Co. This saw and planing milJ is on tlw site of the saw-mill originaUy erected by Joseph \Yalker, and has under one firm or another been carried on continuously to the present day. It emerged from the mere saw- mill stage in January, 1871, when S. & T. H. Noxon & Co. procured the machinery to do all kinds of planed work. The ownership of this valuable property remained in their hands until about 18.7, when it wa purchased by David :Moore, who carried on the husiness for a short time, then leased it, in December, 1878, to H. Truax &, Co. This firm ultimately purchased the plant and water privilege, and have cx.tpnsively inrreaseil the husines : employing a large num- ber of men and keeping installed the latpst machinery it has hèl'n enahled to obtain orders from the most pr01uin<.>nt centres of our province. Mr. Alexander, '[enzies and 111'. James Watt, as manager and foreman, have been connected with this firm from the beginning, and assisted greatly in the development of the business. To }1r. Truax much credit is due for the success he has achieved. As it might cumber this chapter with too great a mass of detail to refer in particular to all the manufacturing industries that have existed, or are in existence, at 'Valkerton, a brief lllention of some of the most notable will close the subject. .Among those which have been, might be mentioneíl the flax mill, also the oatmeal mill, run by George Shortt, the ruins of which are by no means unpicturesque. The manufacture of brick has been carried on at Walkerton for over forty years, the clay to be found there making durable bricks and }<'IRST URVEYS 301 tiles. The names connected with this industry are \. 1L: Vicar, ,Yo Carter, E. Kilmer, Thomas Adamson and his son 'Villiam, Louis Yaeck, and others. Hemlock bark being available in quantities, 'Yalkerton had among its industries at an early date a tannery, the first tanner being Andrew Thompson. Of late year8 Thomas Pellow, Samuel Arscott and his sons, have carried on the industry in the three tanneries at present existing. rfhe factory that is perhaps the most widely known of any which have carried 011 busincss in \r alkerton is that for the manufacture of hinder twine, established in 1900. The :,;hares of this company are largely in the hand of farmers Fo(Oattcred throughout this and neighboring counties. J amC8 ToHon, a lllan who was prominent in the municipal and agricultural interest.; of Brant for many years, was selected by the shareholdevs to be the manager. This industry unfortunately met a competitor shortly after it commenced to manufacture twine in the \lllerican Binder Twine Trust, which, being determined to crush out all opposition, and having immense capital to do so, first captured the sisal market and then placed the price of the manufactured article at a lower figure than it is p085ible for the Walkerton factory to produce it, the director.; of which have wisely decided to cease manufacturing at a loss. The first survey into town lots of the various farm Iota now within the limits of the corporation of 'ValkertoIl, was that known as "Bilkie's survey of part of lot 23, concession 1, S.D.R.," the pIau of which as registered bears date of 4th DeceIllb r, 1855. The next survey "as made by Joseph and \Villiam Walker, of lots 24 to 31, concession 1, .D.R., and of parts of lots 25 to 28, concession 1, :N.D.R. The plan of this survey is dated 4th of February, 1857. rfhe suney in both cases was made by E. H. Kert1and, P.L.S. That ".,. alkerton did not seek to obtain a separate municipal existence earlier than it did is not easy of explanation, except upon the ground of the 8<,eming incongruity of the county town being merely a village municipality; so a part of the township of Brant it remained for some years after it attained to the required number (750) of inhabitants necessary to putit1e it to be incorporated a5 a village. Being comprised in the municipality of the united tm\n- ghips of Brant and Carrick, Walkerton was repre elltcd in 1854 amI lR55 at the Council of the united counties of Huron and Bruee by JOF<,ph \Yalker, its reeve, which office h<, held also in subsl'quent 302 FIGHT t OR THE COUNTY TOW Jears for the township of' Brant when it became a separate municipality. The contest for the county town commenced with the first meet- ing of the provisional County Council of Bruce, held in 1\Iarch, 1857, a contest in which each village in the county contended. This struggle continued for nine years before being finally settled in favor of V\T alker- ton. A bare recital of some of the facts of this contest is all that can here be related. The first vote taken in the provisional County Council, "To select a fit and proper place to recommend to the Governor-General as the one to be menti0ned in his proclamation as the county town of Bruce," resulted in favor of Walkerton. The Governor-General, in accordance with this vote, proclaimed \Valkerton the county town. This was on the 15th of June, 1857. This proclamation was, how- ever, on petition, set aside by Act of Parliament on August 16th, 1858. Aiter another struggle by J oseph Walker-for he almost single-handed fought the battle for Walkerton-the Governor-General again (8th November, 1860) proclaimed Walkerton as county town. This proclamation was also petitioned against, and Parliament, yielding to the petition, voided the proclamation 30th June, 1864. A decision was arrived at in 1865 which was confirmed and put beyond local influences, when Parliament passed an Act on the 15th September, 1865, declaJ;ing Walkerton to be the county town of Bruce. In the same year the county buildings were commenced, and completed toward the end of 1866. On the 1st day of January, 1867, \Valkerton became in fact, what it had been de jure, the county town of the flourishing county of Bruce. At that time this ambitious little place had not population e.nough to enable it to claim incor- poration as a vlliage, nor did it have for some time after. The "incongrUity of the county town not being a separate municipality was ov rcome by special Act of Parliament (34 Vic., chap. 69) passed 15th February, 1871, which enabled Walkerton, without ever having been a village municipality, to assume the dignity of a town. The population of the town in the year of its incorporation was only 995. It rose to 2,604 in 1881, and to 3,061 in 1891, but fell in 1901 to 2,971. .The rapid increase in population which marked the first decade of .its municlpal exist nce was the result, in a large measure, of the opening of railway communication with the outside world, resulting in an excellent grain market being established there. The first school-house in Walkerton was a shanty-roofed building on the hill east of the river. It was opened as a school in 1852, the FIRST SCHOOL 303 teacher being a 1iss .Nancy \\ïL;;Oll,l who taught for four years, and was succeeded in 1856 by Ir. DOllald Reid, afterwards township clerk of Amabel. and he, in February, 1857, by J1r. "'illiam Collins. 2 The attendance of scholars during the first years after the school was opened was never large. Among the remarks entered in the visitor's book of the school in the year 1855, it is stated that at the time of the visit the attendance was ,. 14," "14,"" 20," etc. As the school population increased the need of more. accommodation was felt, so after the building of the old Orange Hall on Orange Street was com- pleted, it was used as a school-house until another move was made to a frame building erected purposely for a school on the corner of .T 31.:kson and Catharine treets. This in time gave way to the com- mo'}ion brick building::, on <.. 'olLol'ne and \ irtoria treds, now in use, the first of which was built in 1875 anù the second in 1888. Before passing on to other items of history, attention is drawn to a school-boy's composition, printed in a footnote, 3 that was preserved lMiss Wilson, while teaching, married David Moore, of the Walkerton Grist Mills, but continued to teach until a successor was found qualified to impart instruction to the handful of scholars. 2:Mr. William CoIlins resided in Walkerton for many years after teaching school, filling many important positions. He was born in the county of Antrim, Ireland, in the year 1833. When he was of the age of fifteen his father immigrated to Canada with his family, and settled in the township of Finch. William Collins was educated for a schoolteacher, and pursued this vocation for several years in the eastern part of the province. From 1853 to 1856 he followed photography, at Owen Sound and other places. His position of schoolteacher he resigned on his receiving the appointment of Division Court Clerk in the year 1859, an office he held until his death. Of the many other public offices Mr. Collins filled the following are some of them: Reeve for E:ight years of the township of Brant, also reeve of the town of Walkerton, town treasurer, and County Master of the Orange Order for East Bruce. He married Miss Jamieson, of Walker- ton, in 1858, and had a family of six sons and two daughters. In politics he was a very strong Conservative and a hard fighter in an election contest. His death, which occurred April 19th, 1901, was deeply lamented by a large circle of friends. SCopy of a composition by a schoolboy at the Walkerton Public School in 1858, on " Topographical Description of Walkerton." " Walkerton, the county town of the county of Bruce, is beautifully situated on the river Saugeen, aDout seventeen miles west of Durham, and is also within twenty-eight miles of Lake Huron. It is divided near the centre by the Saugeen, on which river is erected a good grist and saw mill, and there is also a beautiful bridge built over it. Walkerton is surrounded, except on the south, by hills, on the top of one of which an Episcopal Church is in the course of erection, and from the church can be seen a fine picturesque view. It has water privilege capable of forcing any quantity of machinery. I should mention that a railroad is expected to come there, or near it, and If it ùoes it will certainly be a place of Some importance. It already contains a population of 175, a post office, five stores, four taverns, three shoemakers, two bhcksmiths, two tailors, a tannery, two cabinet-makers, and several carpenters and joiners. It is situated in the midst of a very fertile and healthy country and promis(' fair to bf" a fine plare." 304 MA YOHS by )11'. Collins. It tells us something of \Yalkerton as it was in the year 1858. The Orange Hall, mentioned in the preceding paragraph, was the sole public building in the early years of Walkerton. It was used, as its name indicates, as a lodge room, and also used as a school. In this building also worship .was conducted by the various Protestant denominations each ::-;unday, in the following rotation: the Church of England in the morning, the Presbyterians in the afternoon, and the )lethodists in the evening. It was in this building that all public meetings, as well as the Division Courts, were held in those pioneer days. " ith the incorporation of the town and the opening of the rail- ,,-ay. the eredion of a town hall became necessary. So in 1872 1 the site for a market-place and town hall was purchased, and the building of the lattf'r proc(>('ded \\"ith. It was only a frame buil.ding, :30 x 62, with a bell tower and a lean-to for the caretaker's residence. David Siebert was the builder. After lasting for a quarter of a century, it had to make way for the more pretentious and commodious civic building erected in 189-1. It might be well to here give the name::::. of thos.e who have filled the mayor's chair from the incorporation of the town to date. They are as follows: In 1871, Joseph 'Yalker; 1872, Paul Ross 1873, 1874. ,Tames G. Cooper; 1875, Alex. haw, 1876, Alex. Sproat; 1877, 1878, Paul Ross; 1879, Malcolm McLean; 1880, 1881, H. P. O'Connor; 1882, David l\Ioore; 1883, 188-1, A. B. Klein; 1885, Andrew ::\lcLean; 1886, 1887, C. W. Stovel; 188 , 18 9, Reuben E. Truax; 1890, 1891, 1906, David Robertson; 1892, 1893, 'Villiam Richardson; 189-1, 1895, Hugh Birss; 1896, John ;:;tandish; 1897, 1898, Alex. 11enzies; 1899, 1900, )1. talker, M.D.; 1901, K H. rcKay: 1!102. C. ,, . Cr 'derman 1Ç)03, S. ,y, Vogan 1 )(1..J., ] IO. . n. H. :\f("Kay.2 The incorporation of the town was followed in the succeeding year lA b y-law to raise $2,700 for the purchase of a market-place and erection of a town hall thereon was voted on and carried April 8th, 1872. $1,000 for the land, $1,500 for the building, and $200 for anticipated expenses. 2 0 time was lost after the bill incorporating the town was passed in electing a town council, the first meeting of which was held on 17th March, 1871, at Waterson's Hall. Its members were: Joseph Walker, mayor; William McVicar, reeve; councillors-Stephen Noxon, David Moore, Hugh W. Todd, Louis Wisser, William Shannon, James F. Davis, William Smith, Paul Ross, and :M:oses Stewart. The first officers were: W. L. Watt, town clerk; W. L. Watt, town treasurer; Thomas Burrell, town inspector; James Flett, assessor. HIGH SCHuuL 3050 by the estahlÜ:hment of a high school. :For lack of a proper building,. the 5chool had a migratory existence for some years. At first it was held in the C )range Hall. l'll Catherine treet (a building which originally was built bJ the K ew Connexion )Iethodists <:1:; their chureh). From thi:, IJUil(1ing the I-('hool wa:; removed to a hall over the Herald ofhec, on the ûuth side of Durham street. From thence it was removed to the town hall, and then again to the public school huilding, when that building was completed in uno, where it occu- pied two rooms. This was the last move prior to taking po session, in February or )1arch, 1879, of the present fine high school huilding. The first head-master in the high school was Arnoldus 'liller, B.A.,. who was succeeded bJ Dr. Morrison, M.A., in 1880, and he again in Uctober, 1881, by Jo::,eph )Iorgan, )L \.., who still fills the po:;ition_ In 1877 the \r alkerton public school was constituted a county model ..;...hool for the preliminary training of public school teachers, and for oyer a quarter of a century has, under the various lwad-masters,. maintained an enviable record for efficiency. The pionef'r settlers manifested an honest pride in the products. of their new farms, the virgin soil of which yielded magnificent rf'turn:;, hoth a to quantity and quality, and they early organized an _\gricultural So('iety. The first of the fall shows was held in 185-!- or 1855, the indoor exhibits being shown in and about the store or .Jardine & Valentine, while the live stock was scattered along the- street and over the bridge. Annual exhibitions in this line finally developed into the Northern Exhibition, conducted under an incor- porated company, liberally aided by the town, which issued $4,500. of debenture., towarrls this object. The pfl ent buildings. at a cObt of -I-,55.=> were erected in 1877. For many years the S orthern E-xhinition ranked high among the fall exhibitions held in the pro- 'Vince, but of late, owing to the number of town:;hip fairs, it has not been as succes ful as formerly. III th(' early pioneer (laJs it was difficult to supply the cattcred settlers with rcgular religious services, and many hardships had the ('arly pastors to endure a they tended to the spiritual needs of their rc:,pcctive flocks. The facts, as here given, regarding the various churches in Walkerton are much condensed, as to give more than the leading facts would e tend the narrative to too great length. rrhr> \arious dcnominatiol1:' arp rpferrerl to in alphahetical order. The Baptist congregation was organized in 187U, and until their church wa,.; opcn('(l (X O\'pmnpr 4th. 1 RR ) worshiprpd in the court house, 30ü THE CHURCHES the Rev. Henry Cocks being their first pastor. The Disciples of Christ used the town hall as a place of worship until the present church edifice was first used for worship, October 9th, 1881. The first Church of England services (and also the first of any denom- ination in Walkerton) were held in J oseph Walker's tavern. To conduct these the Rev. A. H. {ulholland, of Owen Sound, paid monthly visits to Walkerton, which at that time was an outlying station. Rev. T. P. Hodge succeeded him as a missionary in this parish. The first settled minister was the Rev. T. E'. Saunders, who took charge of the spiritual interests of this flock in 1859. In 1858 a church edifice was erected on land given by Thomas Todd, on Willoughby's Hill. The construction extended as far as the roofing of the building, but it was never completed owing to the foundation being insecure. No services were ever held therein. The present church, bearing the name of t. Thomas, was erected about 1864-5, during the incumbency of the Hev. E. Softly. The ministers who have subsequently occupied this charge were the Rev. John P. Curran, the Rev. John Greenfield, the Rev. Wm. Shortt, the Rev. J. H. Fatt, the Rev. S. F. Robinson and the Rev. T. G. A. \Vright. The Evan- gelical Lutherans have from an early date been fairly numerous in Walkerton and vicinity, and they erected a neat church building on the gore formed by Colborne and Yonge Streets in 1885. Unfor- tunately they have not been able at all times to maintain a permanent pastorate. The Evangelical Association (German :Methodist) held religious services in the council chamber of the county buildings for a number of years, when, increasing in strength, they built for themselves, in 1899, a brick church on the corner of Colborne and Prince Streets, which possibly was the only church building ever opened in Walkerton free of debt. :Methodism was first represented in Walkerton by the New Connexion )lethodists. Their first mis- sionary was the Rev. Andrew Clark, who came to Walkerton in 1854. They erected a frame building for their church on Catherine Street, which subsequently has been used as the Orange Hall. .The Wes- 1eyan Methodists sent their first missionary, the Rev. John Hutchin- son, to Walkerton in 1860. They built for themselves a brick church on Catherine Street, which wa opened October 23rd, 1870. This building afterwards was used as a public hall, bearing the name of "Rothwell's Hall." These two l\Iethodist bodies were officially united September, 1874. In 1886 they purchased St. Paul's Church from the Presbyterian congregation, which building is still their THE Pl{E S 307 place of worship. Presbyterianism was represented at an early date by the United Presbyterians and the Church of Scotland. The for- mer had their first church erected in 1851 at .Frame's Corners, two and a half miles east of the town, but moved in 1859 to a commodious frame church uuilding built ea8t of the river. This was used until the congregation erected the urick church on the corner of Cayley and Colborne Streets, built in 1875, at first called :Free bt. John's, but after the union with Bt. Paul's congregation, in 1886, it was known as Knox Church. In this church was placed, in 1896, the first pipe organ known to \Valkerton. The Rev. R. C. l\loffat, V.D., was the pastor of this congregation until the union with St. .Paul's. The congregation known as St. Paul's was originally formed in connection with the Church of Scotland. This was organized about 1869 by the Rev. 1. \r. McLean, who came from Paisley at intervals, holding service in Water:son's Hall at first, afterwards in the Court House. rrhis congregation entered into their handsome church building in 1877, the Rev. Dr. Bell being their pastor at that time. The follow- ing are the reverend gentlemen who have had charge of the united Presbyterian congregation of Knox Church: 1 Rev. John ..1 ames, D.D., Rev. Donald Guthrie, Rev. J. 8. Conning and the Rev. Thomas \Vilson. The spiritual needs of our Roman Catholic brethren were at an early date attended to by a :French priest, who held services in the house of one known as "protestant" John ;Smith. The brick church they now occupy was erected in 1874, and the convent build- ing adjoining was opened in 1879, the first resident priest being Father Keough, who came to \Valkerton in 1t)72 and remained in charge of this parish until 1877. The press first became an institution in \Valkerton in 1861, when the Bruce Herald was established by \V. rr. Cox, who sold it in 1863 to Wm. Brown, who conducted it until 1883. Bince then it has been under the proprietof15hip of )r f'ssrs. Kribs & \r e ley, ".. \\ esley, W. R. Telford, and at prescnt of L. n. )lc amara. 2 The lralke1.ton Telescope was established in Decembf'l", 1;-j(ì9, by D. \V. Hoss, and sub equently was conducted by \Yallace Graham, .Toseph Craig, D. C. IThc Jubilee services of this congrpgation were held in September, 1901. IDuring the excitement atteniling the war in South Africa, there was issued a small daily sheet from the Herald office, bearing the title, Daily War News. The issue of this commenced .January 29th, 1900, and ceased May 7th following, owing to the excitement to some extent having iliminished. This has bem the only attempt in the way of publishing a daily papf'r within the county. 308 RAILWAY OPENED Sullivan, T. H. Preston, J. B. Bheppard, A. Eby, J. B. Stephens, and at present by A. ,Yo Robb. Die Glocke. published in the German language, was first issued by John Klein in February. 1870. The paper was sold by him to A. Eby and J. A. Rittinger. ;Subsequently it passed into the hands of J. A. Rittinger solely, who continued to publish it until June, 1903, when the plant was moved to Berlin. The Times, the latest addition to the newspapers of the town, con- ducted by \L "r esley, was first issued in September, 1905. Like most inland towns lacking cheap and speerly freight com- munication with outside markets, vYalkerton did not rank high a a local market until the "... ellington, Grey and Bruce Railway had opened a station there. The local papers prior to that time published the lllarket quotations of Port Elgin, Kincardine and Guelph, as well as the prices for grain that were offered by S. 8; T. H. oxon & Co. at their fioúr mill. It may be of interest to compare the prices as given in the papers issued one week previous to grain buyers being able to make use of the railway for shipping purposes, and those of a week subsequent to that event, and note what a gain to the farmers resulted from the opening of the railway. the priee of fall wheat at the yarious markets being that here giyen: At "... alkerton $1.05, at Port Elgin $1.] 2. at Kincardine $1.15, and at Guelph $1.25. The following week the prices at 'Valkerton were at a level with those 01 Port Elgin and Kincardine. The first locomotive to reach the town of Walkerton did so November 30th, 1871, it being one used by the contractors in the construction of the road; nevertheless. it was the a(lYent of tlH' "Steam Horse," and was hailf'd with great joy and celebrated by a supper at \Yater- son's Hotel. The first train carrying freight from 'Yalkerton left the station on the 10th February, 1872, and the railway was opened for passenger traffic August 5th following. The following extract from the Bruce II e1'ald of .J anuary 26th, 1872, gives an idea of the change brought to 'Yalkerton by the opening of the railway: "The sight of a number of teams on the streets with wheat, pork, etc., for sale is something new to \Valkerton. There has probably heen purcha!:'l'tl within the last ten or tweh-e da ' on our streets more grain than there ever was since the place came into existence. Hitherto Walkerton has been so situated that, unleS6 for home consumption, it offpred little inducement as a market. The produce of this section went from it in all d.irections,-to Southampton, l., \ .. (\ } "I' - J-" It "III' f- 1f111 fill . f-o r--"" W \ o-j ' ÞO:" IJ , " .. . -=l: :-'- Dr. ="""Lo.I_ } - ., :z =: - :'.1: , l . ' 1 1111 't \. - . . L. . J YJ ð "":) ::i. . X- I- X . < .;: => E- f E: -.r... .-. >- ...: > 5 1! :i: '" '-' õ f õ s BANKS 309 Kincardine, I::;eaforth, and Guelph. The railway is about to change all this, and give the farmers a market at their doors:' The propect of \Valkerton becoming a point where large quan- tities of grain woulù be offered for sale by the farmers, induced Thoma Adair, at that time engaged in grain buying at South- ampton, to come to \Valkerton to engage in the same business there; he and John Bruce seem to have been the first to purchase at \r alkerton for export. \Valkerton has always had cause to regret that the railway ,.tation was placpd at :-:uC'h a distance from the town, the reason therefor being largely, it is understood, because speculators held tilt' lands in dIP vi(:inity uf the Carrid\: Hoad at too high a figure. A\.": oon as it was definitely known where the railway station was to he, the town took steps to have streets urveyed to it, which resulted in a great deal of di cus ion as to the po itioll of :-:uch streets, but at la::;t IcGiverin ann Ridout Streets as they IlUW are were laid out. The amount to pay for the right of way and con::;truction of the::;e streets WaS raised by debentures, the by-law for which was voted upon Decemher 20th, l 1. The amount ;::50 raised was 1.500. 1 The fir:-:t -men t ionl'll street "a:-: 11a med after \r. )lcGiverin, tlIt. Prt:'i'ident of the \r. (L &- H. Railway, and the latter after the (,hipf Eng-inet>r. Thomas Hiclout. 2 The county town question having been settled, the agency of the ('olllUll'rcial Bank of Canada, which had heen located in South- ampton for SOUle time. wa::- moved in J Ulle, l:-;Iì , to \ralkt'rton. ("Ilfortunately. in October of the same year thi:, hank failed. The inC'onv nience ari:;:ing therefrolll wa:;! overcome whell. about a year latr'f. the :Uf'fchant:-: Bank f' tahlished an agf'IlC')" at " alkerton. Tn .January, 11'317. the Cani.1I1inn Bank of Commerl"e opelled a hranch there also. :,incp which time the town ha not lacked for hanking facilities. The 10::;::: hy fiTP of tb(' fountlry in )[ay, 1R 1. !-tirred up the people of the town to take steps to ward off similar disasterc;; in the future, ,mò the ' shortly Hftf'rward purchased a hand fire engine from the town of Brantford; this reached Walkerton ill Augu:,t followin . To pay for the engine nnò for thp con truction of IThe \\. G. & B. Railway gave $1,2;)0 to assist in construction of these streets. IA. H. Ridout, agent of the Bank of Hamilton, Port EI in, is a eoD of the above. 310 PUBLIC BrILDl GS water tanks, debentures were issued December 2ôth, 1871, for $2,000. Hand fire engin s have but a limited power; this Walkerton learnt to its sorrow when it experienced its heaviest loss by fire, an event which is still remembered and spoken of as ., the big fire," which occurred }'Iay 28th, 1877, starting early in the afternoon of that day in a stable situated back of where the present postoffice stands. Favored by a high wind, it spread with marvellous rapidity, defying the modest fire-fighting appliances above referred to. It swept over a large part of the business section of the town, destroying forty-two buildings. The losses were heavy, but most bravely the sufferers set to work to rebuild, and eventually buildings of a finer and more substantial character were erected to replace those destroyed. 'Yith the construction of a fine system of waterworks in 1891,1 at a cost considerably exceeding $30,000 (the first estimated cost), a repetition of such another conflagration is not to be dreaded; whilst, in addition, the town enjoys the blessing of an abundant supply of the purest drinking water. The establishment of the system of waterworks was followed by a system of sewerage. A large trunk spwer 2 was laid on Durham and Jackson Streets in 1895. and subse- quent years have een the system extended until a large part of the town is now supplied with this sanitary convenience. 'Valkerton, for a town of its size, is fortunate in possess- ing a number of handsome public buildings. Those erected by the municipality include a handsome town hall (erected 1891), three large two-story brick school-houses, and an extensiye Exhibition Building. The government ereded in 1890 a fine huilding for a post-office, customs and inland Ten'Hue offices. The county bu ldiñgs (erected in 1866), while not as large or impressive a those at Stratford or Woodstock, are convenient and provide ample accommo- dation. rrhe House of Refuge (erected 1898) commanrls the atten- tion of those who enter the town by the tation road. being a building of architectural good taste, as wen as of commodious èlccommo- dation. The Bruce County General Hospital (erected in 1903) had its origin in a hequest of the late ,Yo .J. :Moore. rrhe amount bequeathed has been increa.sed by a grant of $2,000 from the town, and one of $1,500. from the county,. as wen RS by numerous private tIn August, 1877, as a result..of " the big :fire," a by-law was submitted to the ratepayers to authorize the expenditure of $11,000 on a system of waterworks, which failed to carry. 2The county contributed $2,000 toward the cost of this sewer, the Inspector of Prisons having ordered that a sewer from the gaol be laid. "THE HEX D JJ :H 1 subscriptions. Further particulars are to be found in Chapter VIII. regarding the founding of this institution. A number of isolated minor facts relating to the history of and development of Walkerton may properly conclude this chapter. For a long time in the early days a town-bell was a felt want. At last someone was stirred up to take action, which resulted in a public meeting heing held to discuss the matter, the upshot of which was the passing around of a subscription list, to which the town people readily responded to the extent of about $200. This fund was increased by receipts from" Sixpenny Readings," held in the court house, and from oth'::r sources, until the necessary amount, in the vicinity of $275, was raised. Alexander Sproat, :M.P., succeeded in obtaining from the government permission for the bell to be imported free of duty. When it reached the town in the summer of 1870 it was placed on a high derrick, erected in the court house grounds, and was rung, as required, by William Richardson, the caretaker, until removed in larch, 1873, to the market square. At present it hangs in the tower of the town hall. The property which now comprises the public park known as "The Bend" was sold at herift\; sale in :May, 18.4. The mayor was instructed to act for the town, and purchase it at a price not exceeding $400. This action of the Council in ecnring such a lovely spot for a public park will be gratefully commended by the future gcnerations that n<;:p it as a recreation ground.! X 0 provision had been made when the town wa::; first surveyed for a ccmetery. Burying ground in connection with the several churches met this need for a time, but at best it could be but a temporary procedure. This fact forced itself upon the citizens, who in 1877 commenced to take action in thr matter. After much dis- cussion as to the proper location for a cemetery, the present ground was secured and the first lots therein were offered for sale in .Tul)", 1879. The Walkerton Puhlic Library, or to call it by .the name it bore at first, the rechanics' Institute, \Va::; organized November 19th, 1875. After varying vici situde a free puhlic reaòing room in connection thcrewith was thrown open to the public. The Town Council also installed it on the ground floor of the town hall when that building was opened in 1898. I,Sillce the ahovt' \\.LS \uittclI it has becn dc("idc(l to alluw the C.P.R\". to huild it !'I station on U fhe B(,lId." . 312 CURLING CLUB The first steps to organize a Board of Trade date back to February 14th, 1872, immediately after the opening of the railway for freight shipments. In January, 18ì8, it came under the general .act of incorporation passed by the Dominion Go\'ernment regarding Boards of Trade. It has on various occasions been of much benefit jn advancing the interests of the town, as it is able to voice in a manner that carries weight the ideas of business men of the place. It was possibly owing to the influence of the Board of Trade that Walker ton was made a port of entry for customs on June 1st, 1878. The wires of the :Montreal Telegraph Company reached \Yalker- ton in 1868. Sixteen years later those of the Bell Telephone Company followed, local service being established in 1884:, and in 1886 the iown enjoyed the privilege of service with other towns and cities. Arc electric lamps were introduced in October, 1886, for the ligÞ.ting {)f the streets, churches and shops, and eight year after the incan- descent system was established anad largely adopted for private residences. \Valkerton has taken an interest for many years in athletic ports. The oldest society it ("an boast which is extant under this heading is the curling club,l which was organized in February, 187'0. The first skips appointed were .J ohn Bruce and Alexander Sproat. rrhe old drill-shed was used every winter to curl in (being used, as well, as a skating rink). With the practice there acquired this club became prominent in this district. and in 1 0 carried off the Ontario Silver Tankard, in competition with the best clubs in the province. The banner awarded them at that time, with the names of the suc- -cessful players embroidered thereon, has for years hung in the office of the manager of the Bank of Commerce. Walkerton's Bowling Cluh in 1888 carried off the silver medal at a tournament held at Toronto, open to all clubs in the province. The cricket, baseball and lacrosse teams of \Valkerton have in various years obtained a high Tecord for their efficiency, to the great jubilation of the town. IBefore the curlers organized into a club they played many a friendly game on the ice covering the mill-pond. The" stanes " were blocks of wood, turned, when possible, from a large knot. To these were attached iron handles manufactured by a local smith. The" stanes " being clums ' to carry and being of no monetary value, were left on the ice after the close of each game during the curling season. This was done once too .often. A sudden thaw came on, followed by a freshet, and ice and -', stanes " together went over the dam and disappeared down the river. 'This disaster could not damp the ardor of the lovers of the "roaring game," but had the effect of a club being formed, with the use of regula- tion stones in a rink. 1'HE STHEETS . I: The first apology for sidewalks known to \ralkertoll consi teu of plank plattorm placed in front of each 5hop. By-and-bye, whf'n thp stump:-: were cut out, thf'sC' wcre conneet.ed and e\.tended, until the plank sidewalks on the various streets wpre u\ er several mile" in length. As long as lumber could 1](' procured at it moùerate price,. 8m.h idewalks answered well ('nough. hut with increa:-:<>d pricps for plank a ehange had to be. made. In 1891 the first granolithic walk \\a::5 laid alongside the post-office. Eal"h year I"inee then has witne.-:;eJ a further l' ten::5ion of thi enduring and satisfactory kind of side- \\ aJk, until in ]HO;') on'r fin' mil(' of it hayf' hppn laid, aiMing greatly tf) the appearanl.:e of the strp2ts. The practice of removing all fl'nce:o:. in front of re:-:idenees. cOlllllll'nced in 1891. This, combined with tht' Jargl> llUlUhl'r of shaclt' tfl,(. l gin' the l'itizpu:-: of \ralkerton ('3U:-:<> to hoa:-:t of tl)l' !IPauty of tll(' treet of their town. During the summer of 190G the Canadian Pacific Rail way announced itß intention of constructing a branch line from th vicinity of Flesherton to W. alkerton. This announcement wa::5 quickly followed h . work being commenced. At the time of writing the do:-:ing pages of this work such progre:-,s has been made in the grad- ing of the roan as to warrant the a 8urance that in 1907 \Yalkerton will posscss all the advantages that may be had from the prp enc( of competing lines of railway. ITo encourage the planting of shadE" treE"s, the town council l'ëls::!t'd a by-law (.Tune 18th, 1877) offering to pay twenty-fixe cents, on ('ertain onditjons, for t'ac'h tn'p so planted along the streets of thE" town. CHAPTER XXII. TOWNSHIP OF BRUCE.l EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF COUNTY VALUATORS, 1901. . ' " In this township there is a great deal of very good land and flne, well-kept farms, while the lake range and the south-east corner are very light and stony. In fact, a greater portion of the former, as .the :figure!:! will show, is almost without value. Your valuators lost about $30,000 on the lake range. One-half of this amount was lost on the once prosperous village of Inverhurou, nothing of which now remains but drifting sand and a few small farm-houses of little value. Formerly this range was valuable for its large quantity of cedar, which has now disappeared, leaving nothing 'but stone and sand of little value. There are some sections of this township of too stiff cla:,-, which detracts so.mewhat from its value. A great deal of Bruce is badly watered, and some seasons parts of the township have to draw water for miles. This is the only township south of Wiarton without a railway station. In order to make a fàir comparison between Bruce and some - of the other townships, it would be only fair to strike off the shore range of 6,386 acres, valued at $20,100, then the balance will give a rate of nearl - $32 per acre. The rate per acre for this township, including village property, is $29.03. The village property mnaullts to only 58 cents per acre." THE first surveyor to enter this township was A. Wilkinson, in 1847. His work covered a large area, extending not only beyond the township, but the county also, and was in part of a preliminary char- acter by which to form a basis for subsequent surveys. 'Vhen passing along the front of this township his survey was limited to the mark- ing, at every mile and a quarter, each block of ten farm lots in the Lake Shore Range. In 1851 A. P. Brough commenced the sUrYey of the township (as related in Chapter V.), but by the time his work had progressed to the 10th side-line he contracted a fatal illness and the work had to be stopped. In the following year C. Miller, P.L.S., completed the survey of the township. The lands in the township of Bruce were among the "School Lands" opened for sale August 17th. 18;-)-1. 2 Prior to this a large I.Tames Bruct'. 8th Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, was Governor-General of Canada from 1 47 to 18:5-1-. Ont of complinH'nt to him this township, a5 well as the I'ount.v, hears the nallle of Bruct'. "See .-\ppen< =-, ... -==-- '" =- ' ' 7 I \ !! I ... I ') I -=-1 '-"' --U for: II) "> I- ... ./ - ...L -> " ./ ./_V / "\C I r, p"" I 1 I I I ) '""'" N:t.-..r I I I :m I I I $ - [ - o .----..... I '---../ Jd::. . ",-I I 'L -' I r- < !RIA j ...r--"ì' Ie:-' I ........-1-5 'J . I'-' " '- ì \ ( I ' " I I I # ./"-/ I X - "- t "'! Î- '"""'\ 1 J _ Ii) .../ J I ." l' fl ;- - y / ),.(,< I \... ..-I ! I '-.Ç -----=- .... .... ... :: r- !--. I þ:! ;>1 Ii. I : I 1 m ' Q ; I Q ... :t If'- b-, ,-0 \ \ \ \ 1 l "> \ \ \ f\ II !] . }.... "- \ vi lLI I I Wo)) l_tJ ? / 'I 1 ) 1. r,,: :ïÉ .J I ;) LfP - If "'f \ 1\ .L { I I 0 \ \ ,J I ...: lit- ....) .1 '\\ _ .... D.. I Y IT t:- . - , . 7 I r ... \ -\ 7 ., I i ( I I '" l ! v ,I I I I ) I I (,) 1\.. .1 t--t) I l ' I L....- I .. .. -I . ...... --' .'ì.: J( } t ' I, J:f,!...I.1 þj.Jc-l,,!,l. ..! . i u. .... - . ... _ <( NJ.) , '. \. :1,t,. >I-'i "/'"I"'I ï 1'l'11 I I II ,.,. .. -':0/ I.--:!,-' I '_ _ - \, lJu' /1 j VM i if r m[ 3 - - -- ---- '-, \. ' .. r I I II II' I hr .......' --- /' i _ : I II ,- , \ '-,; \1 . - '- ''-. --- I- r-- .........r== r- f- ,. I ., t>j !l> '::: " ..b. I 71 L i>1 I I tt ! \ . \ ::: I Co) CoO ::::::i ' r::::: - t I I \ -1 PIOXEER 317 number of settlers had squatted on lands in mriou:::; parts of the township. The fir t of tlll':'c squatters is baid l to have becn 'rimothy Allan, who located on lot 2, conces:-::ion 1, and Hugh and William )[c:\1 allamy on the same conce:;sion nearer the lake; these settled on their lots in the fall of 1850 or during the following winter. In :May, 1851, the fourth settler in Bruce, )lichael Green, took up lot" J " on the second concession. After this, for the next thrcf' years the stream of land-seekers looking for a desirable location developed in volume until all the best lands in the township were squatted upon. Thcsc lalld-seekprs many a time realized that travelling in the back- woods of Bruce involved hardships: it meant that often they had to sleep in the bush, roughing it as best they could, and that largely they had to depend for food on what they carried with them. \t the same time, it should be rem(-'mbered that the log shanties of tlw settlers were, with proverbial hospitality, thrown open to travellers, and their meagre fare generousl T shared. The following incidents illustrate how open-handed this hospitality was: Michael Green, abo\-e mentioned, tells of thirteen men who came to his shanty one evening asking for something to eat and a night's lodging. Fortu- nately for his guests, he that day had brought home a half-barrel of fresh fish; for their evening meal he cooked a pot of fish and two large pots of potatoes. After they had eaten to their heart's content, one old gentleman of their number placed a one-dollar bill on the table, telling the reST to do likewise, resulting in thirtecn one-dollar bills being placed on thp table. Tn three weeks the old gentleman returned, accompanied by another gentleman. and asked for a night's lodging. Iichael told them thcy could get that on one condition. namely, that they woulò. not insist on him taking' any rpmuneration for their keep. Of course they complied. Before leaving in the morning the old gentleman asked his host if he would be kind enough to fetch them a fresh drink of water from the spring near-by. Rp went, but not with the bpst of gra('e, thinking they might do this act themselves. They met him outside on his return, and, thanking him for his hospitality. took their òf'partHl'('. On f'ntpring hi hanty J\[ichapl noticed a cup tUrIWcl face downward. and on lifting it found two shining half-dollars: it tlH>n dawnpd upon him why he had bpen sent for the water. Elspwherp, ahout tIll' amp timp. sh: lIlen flPeking for land came to n f\hanty nn(l askpd thp good laòy of thp ho115:e if ':-\1"> " HistoriC'al Sk"t<'h " in Belde1l ','I (f7(/. of Coulity of Brltt'(. 318 ARCHIBALD SI CLAIR they could get anything to eat. She told them to step in and they could have the best in the house. She cooked a large pot of potatoes, but having no table and but few dishes, she pulled a large empty box to the middle of the floor, emptied the contents of the potato pot on the centre of it, placed a pinch of salt before each man, and explained that she had no bread or meat, or any other food but potatoes and salt to live on, her husband and sons being away earning money to pay for the :first instalment on the land. After completing their homely fare they departed, and that evening came to a small clearing where they found potatoes planted. They made a fire and cooked some of the potatoes under the ashes, at the same time wishing they had some of the salt the good lady had given them for breakfast. Such incidents illustrate the experiences of the early settlers. In 1852 William Gunn 1 settled at Inverhuron. :Mr. Gunn for the next :fifteen years occupied a prominent place in the affairs of the township. His choice of Inverhuron as an advantageous point at which to settle arose from a conviction he cherished that a harbor of refuge would be constructed at that point, .and that it would become one of the principal ports in the county. Mr. Gunn was the first postmaster of the post-office established there in 1854. Inverhuron was the second post-office in the township, the first, opened in 1853, being at Sinclair's Corners, known as "Bruce" P. O. Peter Sinclair was the officer in charge. These two offices were on the Kincardine and Southampton mail route over which, twice each week, John Urquhart (of the Boundary) tramped, carrying the mails on his back. In 1852 Archibald Sinclair 2 sold his farm in Kincardine town- IS ee biographical sketch of Mr. Gunn in Chapter VII. 2It was in the summer of 1849 that Archibald Sinclair left his home, near Martintown, Glengarry, to inspect the new lands then being opened for settlement in the Huron district, his purpose being to provide farms for his three sons, the eldest of which was then approaching manhood. He found lands to suit him in the township of Kincardine, in the Lake Range. After taking the necessary steps to secure a title to the lands selected, he returned for his family. The start for their new home in the bush was made in October, 1849, there being no railways in Ontario at that time, The first part of their journey, as far as Hamilton, was made by steam- boat, thence by waggon to Goderich. The story of their trip from Goderich to Kincardine is to be found in Chapter V., as related by Mr. Sinclair's daughter, Mrs. John Reekie. When Bruce separated from Kin- cardine township and became, in 1856, a separate municipality, Archibald Sinclair was elected as the first reeve, an honor he gave up before the end of the first year. He died May 11th, 1858, and was buried in Tiver- ton cemetery, where many others of the pioneers of Bruce are sleeping their last sleep. .}ICUDOCH I.. I\lAHTIX a19 ship, where he had settled three years previol1.B, and 1110YOO into Bruce, taking up land a mile and a quarter north of what we now know as Tiverton, then marked only by a squatter's shanty and a small clearing. The locality where :Mr. ;:;inclair took up land still bears the name of "Sinclair's Corners." There Mr. Sinclair built a sawmill, and then a grist-mill, the first in the township. It was owing to the fact of these mills being there situated, as well as to friendly feelings felt for their owner, that David Gibson, the govern- ment engineer, when letting the contracts for cutting out the Saugeen and Goderich road, had it take the jog it had at the second conces- sion, instead of continuing it on the :fifth side-road to the Kincardine boundary. Adam Burwash, who settled on the fifth concession, is to be men- tioned as one of the very earliest pioneers of the township. Another of those who entered Bruce in 1852, or earlier, was Allan )icLean, who settled on lot 12, concession 8. 1 'Vhen he put up his shanty he was without a neighbor on that concession. The author has been favored with a full and detailed account of one of the settlers of 1853, Murdoch L. :Martin (which in an epitomized form i here given in a foot-note 2 ), the experiences of anyone pioneer being the tale of an to a greater or less extent is excuse enough for this lengthy sketch. lAllan McLean was a native of the Island of Tiree, Scotland. He had been five years in Canada before settling in Bruce, in which township he has filled a prominent place, as councillor, collector, and assessor. 2:Murdoch L. Martin and his brother, in September, 1833, landed at Inverhuroll, then known as the Sauble. Starting off into the bush to find land on which to settle, they walked along " the boundary," staying the first night in the log shanty of a settler, where they were hospitably entertained. In the morning, guided by one of the sons of this settler, they walked on to the present site of Glammis. As all the best lots along the boundary line had been taken up, they passed into Greenock, where his brother took up 200 acres, while Mr. Martin located in Bruce (lot 35, concession 5). The first thing he did was to erect a shanty- 12 x 14 feet was its dimensions-built of logs and roofed with basswood scoops. As winter was drawing 011 and lacking a supply of provisions. Ir. Martin went to Stratford to seek work under some contractor engaged in the construction of the Buffalo and Lake Huron Railway. The weather that winter was very broken and work irregular, consequently no mone ' was saved. '\'hen spring came, he returned to his shanty in the bush, walking all the way from Stratford. When he reachell Kincardine he purchased as much flour as hf' could carryon his back, in addition to a Dutch oven, in which to bake bread. Rpaching his lot, a small piece of grounll was cleared in which to plant potatoes. The next thing was to obtain seed potatoes. After inquiry and search a few bushels were pur- ('hased from Archie l\f('Lean (who livpd a f('w miles below Tiverton), and a hoe was bought at Kincardine. The carrying of the sped potatoel through the bush for twelve miles was no small undertaking, but it had to hp done. 'ro carn money to purchase provisions for the coming winter 320 RICHABD MCGREGOR In 1854 there moved into Bruce Richard }lcGregor, with his family of eleven sons.. and took up 1,750 acres of land near the Greenock boundary on the fourth, fifth and sixth concessions aud in the sixteenth concession of Greenock. They came from the county of Elgin. Being al"lluainted with Canadian modes of farming and being fairly well-to-do they made good progress in clearing up their land. They also built a sawmill, run by water-power derived from a .creek which ran through one of their farm . (1 ('orgp, onE' of the another journey to tratforà was made, and the summer spent in working for the railway contractors. This was the summer of 1854. When the time of the "Big Land Sale" drew near work had to be given up so as to attend the sale. The journey to Goderich was bJ' stage, and the .sixty miles beyond, to Southampton, was covered on foot. Regarding the sale, Mr. ?\Iartin says: Mr. McNabb and Mr. Gunn were at the land office to receive the payments from the settlers. The building itself was a small log shanty, with an open window, through which the money in payment for land was handed and a certificate of purchase given in return. The crowd was so large that the supply of provisions in the yillage gave out; the second day nothing could be had but potatoes, fish and whiskey. Of the latter some partook too freely, whirh resulted in .quarrels and fights. The crowd never seemed to diminish, the place of those who had completed their business being taken by fresh arrivals. In the fall his sister and a neighbor, with his family, seven in all. arrived. As this party had not a roof to cover their heads :Mr. Iartin -received them into his limited quarters. One end of the shanty was fitted out with bunks, one above another; at the other end of the shanty :a fireplace of stones was constructed, with a chimney built of splints of wood covered with clay. Having an abundance of wood, the shanty .was kept warm all winter. The supply of flour, however, gave out, and lowing to severe snow storms it was impossible to go for a fresh supply. :so their fare was reduced to potatoes and turnips for a while. As soon :as possible in the spring the winter's ('hopping was logged and burnt. -On the land so cleared wheat of the Black Sea variety was sown, the :ground being prepared with a hoe. The crop being pu't in the ground. .again and for the third summer the farm had to be left, so as to work elsewhere to obtain some ready money. Speaking of one occasion where SOme householc1 effects were to be brought home, Mr. Martin says: Our company consisted of a man, hi!' three boys and myself. At Kincardine we came across a settler who offered to take on his ox-sleigh our boxes as far as his own place, some ten miles on our way. When we reached there it was dark, so we were invited to remain all night. We were all ravenously hungry and were delighted on entering the house to see abundant provisions in the shape of a pot full of potatoes on the table, flanked by a saucer of salt. These were speedily disposed of by the thirteen people that ranged themselves without loss of time around the table. The next day we proceeded on our journey, each ladened with all he could carry. Time was lost by missing their direction in thf' woods, and it was getting dark as they were passing through a swamp. walking single file. Just then they heard a wild hoot, which in their inexperience they attributed to some wild beast. Urged on by fear, the ' pressed forward with all haste so as to get out of the swamp; but again the hoot was heard, this time direeìly overhead. Terror ga,'e speed to their feet, and in a short time they reached a clearing, where. on -relating their adventures to the dweller thereon. were henrtily laughed .at and informed that the cry they heard was but the hoot of an owl. FOR:\IED IXTO A IUNICIPALlTY 321 sons, told the author that in the year of their arrival he drove the first yoke of oxen which had ever heen driven O\'er the boundary line. ...\ngus, the la:4 of the eleven sons, lately retired from farming and lllo\"ed to Kincardine. 1.n ::-;eptember, lK3-!, the Cnited C'ountie;-; C'ouneil recci\cd a petition from John )[cLaren and other , praying that the township of Brucc be separated from the township of Kincardine and erected into a distinct municipality. The committee appointed to consider the petition reported as follows: "L"pon inqniry we have a certained that no natural impediments (other than such as might reasonably be expected in a new place) exist. Further, we are informed that although a number of quatters are upon land of this township, yet not a single grant, patent, or other authority from government has been obtained for its ðettlement. Accompanying the petition wc find an affidavit setting forth that the body of the petition is not in all respects similar to that upon which the signatures were obtained. Taking these matters into consideration, we cannot recOlnmcnd that the prayer of the petition be granted." ...\. similar petition, presented the following year by Hugh 1\Iathcson and others, mct with a hettcr reception, and the favor asked was granted; and on the 1st January, 1 5G, Bruce township lIecame a spparate municipality. The fir t election for councillors wa.::. hcld at the house of .Tamc:-: Kippen, Peter Sinclair being the returning officer. rrhe following are the nan1f'S of tho:-e then c1eC'Ìpd: Archibald inclair, Alex. )IcKinnon, N ath. RUf\\ash, Richard 'fcGregor and George Butchart. \t that time the choice of a reeve wa:-\ made by the council from among it:- lllcm- hers. \rch. Sinclair Wa::, the one chosen, but he, after rctaining the reeveship for a few months, resigned. Dr. Hotchkin lfaYI1l' wa:-- c1ectpc1 to fin in the halancc of the ycar. In a footnote 1 a list of the various 1eeves of the town:-hip up to l I()G is gi\('n. rrhp ()ffi('('!:: of derk a 1111 treasurp1" of the to\\ n:-hip \wrc jointly held b ' p..tcr inc1air from thp formation of the municipality until. ITlw folluwing ar(' th(' naml'S of thosp who ha, (' 10('('11 r('('ve (If till' township of BrtH'(" with .n'ar of ofJi(.(': Är('h, Hill('lair, part 1 "\.ïli; Dr. H. HaYlles, part 1 "\.ïli; .\It.x. :\1('Kinnon, 1 ;;i; Thos. Brown, IS,ïS; \\'m. (;nnn, 1;...;;D, l'Hi-l-; f)ona1tl 1('L('lIan, I (jO, '(iI, '() , "i3, "iii, 'Hi, 'fiR, 'ili; .Tohn Hl'ott, part ISIi.ï; .John 11('Ew('u, part of ISH.>; .1. H. C'oulthanl, I "'i!), I"'io, ',I, 'i , ',3; E..J. Browu, l i-l-, 'i,ï, 'ii. 'is, 'iB, I O, 'SI; .Tohn Tolmit" IhS:!, ' : , ''\-1-, '.,.ï; (;eo. lJ('('(ls, I'\"\IÌ, ''!i, 'D-I- 'Çj,ï 'l)li 'I)i 'I)". Hr. .\lIIlr('w la('Kay, IS -;, .s!) :ulIl part of 1,\!}O; R Ú. '('l;rr ', 'p::rt. of IS!IO; D. :\1('Xanghtou, I DI, 'n , 'H3; .John :\I(.:\'t'llicigf'. IS!!!), iBOO; Will. Bro\\Il, 1!IIII, 'O ; .\. :\1('L('au, l!lII3. 'ot; .Janu's :\1(' Ew('u, 1!W.ï, 'Oli. 12 322 HGOH :\lURRAY his death in 1869. Hugh :ßIurrayl succeeded :Mr. Sinclair to the position of clerk and treasurer, filling the various duties incumbent upon him for a third of a century to the satisfaction of all concerned. The offices left vacant on Mr. Murray's death were during the next fifteen months filled by Mrs. :Murray and her two sons, Clark and Hugh Murray, Jr. In 190-1: J. G. McKay was appointed clerk and treasurer, which offices he continues to hold. The first assessor appointed by the Council was Alex. G. Smith, and the :first collector was Alex. McLaren. The first township auditors were David Cowan and Malcolm McKiD.non. The" Famine Year," 1859, will be remembered in Bruce as long as any who witnessed it survive. As the details connected with it, particularly regarding this township, are given in full in Chapter VI. and Appendix P, the reader is referred to them there. The interests of the townsbip of Bruce have been, and are, chiefly of an agricultural character. As there exists no river in the town- ship to furnish good and continuous water-power, manufactures have not developed to any extent; consequently its villages have never attained any considerable size. Kincardine, Port Elgin and Paisley have all along attracted a good deal of the trade of the township; this is shared by Tiverton (of which only one-haJf is in Bruce), and by Glammis (lying partly in Bruce, Greenock and Kincardine); Underwood, the only village wholly in the township, does not receive the share of business given to some other villages in the county by the surrounding townships-e.g... such as Carrick gives to l\1ildmay, Culross to Teeswater, or Huron to Ripley. At the time the township was surveyed it was decided to layout a town-plot on lots 1 to 10, Lake Range, but it was 1856 before the urvey of lnverhuron was made. The possibilities for making a har- bor of refuge there have not been developed. The money received from government toward building a breakwater, extending from the IHugh "1Iurray was horn in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in 1833. Having received a good education, he engaged in business until he emigrated to Canada in 1857. The following year he came to Bruce. For about seven years he taught school in the township. In 1869 he received the appoint- ment of township clerk and treasurer. and held the position until his death, -which occurred November 10th, 1902. He was made Division Court Clerk about the same time as Iw rcceiveù the municipal appoint- ments, and some six years later was made postmaster at Underwood. Mr. Murray held several other positions of public trust, showing how largely he possessed the confidence of the community in which he dwelt. ., BAlE DE DORE" 323 point south" arù, was expended in building a pier. This cnabled steamers to call, which was a great thing for trade alid travel in the days before railways had entered the county, but it was not a harbor - of refuge, which, if built, would have fixeù a town there. The little village in its palmiest days had a population of about 20u. A grist mill and two or three sawmills found plenty to do in the sixties; a decade later the sawmills were reduced to one, but three grain ware- houses had been erected, and Inverhuron became quite a grain mar- ket, as much as 100,000 bushels of grain having been shipped in a season from there by water. llemlock bark was also a large item in the list of exports. The fishermen who lived at Inverhuron "ere prosperous, and the place boasted of a brick school-house. The pro - perity of the little village closed suddenly: on April 13th, 1 8t, the three grain warehouses were burnt and 30,000 bushels of grain in them. The fire is said to have been of incendiary origin. I [oWeYCI Þ it arose, the fire killed lnverhuron, and to-day, as one gazcs at its mounds of white, shifting sand, it is hard to believe a fl.oUl'ishing village ever existed there. On a map of the towllship of Bruce, ome three or four miles north of In\erhuron, there will be seen the two town-plots of Port Bruce and Malta. Tho e adjoin one another, and together surround the e-xpanse of water that bear the Hamc of "Baie de Dore."l This bay impresses a stranger who views it for the first time, as þossc88illg in a marked degree the sheltpr requin>d in a harbor of refugc; a such, however, the bay can bc use(I to only a limited extent, owing to thc prcbence of extensive rocky f:hoals extcnd- ing under thl' aters of the bay. The two town-þIots mentioned abO\p W(,I"I' sllr\l'}"cd at the t-:alllc time. In the ycar 1855 George Butchart had the survey madp of Port Bruce, and Capt. .\. rurray :l\IcGregor that of [alta. The first settler at Port Bruce was Duncan Bannerman; he was also the first merchant. In thc same line of business there were Cowan & Brownlep, and 'Valter 1{acFar1ane & Co., John Lindsay ran a sawmill, and \\'m. 'rurner and D. [cCannell kept hotels, and Geo. Brid es ùid a cOllveyanf'ing business. The total numbcr of inhabitants was about 1fiO. I\t 'iaIta, '[urray McGregor"s two brothers, John and Gregor, put up the first sawmill ; this, however, was burnt in the fall of 1858. 'fhe post-offif'f', pst:lh- ]ii"I)(. of ". (,hi holm. G ('0 rgp and John 'This Rpelling is tlaid to be a corruption of whn.t is claimed to be thp orig-inn.l Frt'lwh nn.me-Baie du Dard; or, Bay of Dn.rts-appli('ahlr, owing to thp 1:lrgp fit'lIls of rr('(lR at the Routh ('nil of the bay. 324 UNDERWOOD Foard were shipbuilders. In all there were about 125 inhabitants in 1\Ialta. These two adjoining villages seemed to be thriving and likely to develop into an important commercial centre, when, on July 4th, 1862, a conflagration wiped the two villages out of existence. Only one house was left. The inhabitants lost everything; not having the means to rebuild, there was no recovery from the blow, anrl the villages were not. The names are almost forgotten, and the locality where Port Bruce and ßIalta stood is now known as Baie de Dore. Underwood became a post-office"in 1863. J. H. Coulthard was the first to hold the position of postmaster. He also had a pearl-ash factory and kept a store; from these the village appears to have developed. An hotel, of course, was early there, the" Green Bush," kept by Charles )IcLean. The addition of a sawmill in 1870, a grist mill in 1875, and also a cheese factory in the same year, and the lmilding of two churches, with the location of the township hall there, helped to make Underwood the municipal, business and social centre of a large portioll of the townghip.l But the greatest impetus that rnderwoOll rccpin'd was from the wiping out of the competition exert"rl by Port Bruce and f aIta. The hulk of the trade which had gone to these yil1age pre,"ious to their destruction by fire naturally drifted to rnderwood, as well as some of the population of the two defunct villages. Glammis 2 is situated at the junction of three townships, and while noticing it among the villages of the township of Bruce, the author i aware that it would have beell as appropriate to include it in the chapter on Greenock or Kincardine townships. 1t was in 1852 when the firï:.t sctt1prs at (;lammi 3 took up their farm lots. Their names were Allan Ross and Duncan Campbel1. At that time there was no 'Of the two c hurellf's a boye referrell to, the first erected was a frame building built about l ô9 hy the unitNl efforts of the Presbyterians and Baptists, who jointly worshippell there. The latter denomination ultimately sold its share in tlle building to the Presbyterians, who lIOW own the edifice. The sel"ond church mentioned was built hy the lilethodists ill 18,6. It is a bri('k building ana ('ost in the vicinity of $1.:0;00. . 2" Glammis " is the spelling adopted by our Post OfiÎl:e authorities. The inhabitants of the village prefer spelling it " Glamis," which agrees with the present spelling of " Glamis Castle," Forfarshire, Scotland. But there the word is pronouneed as if spcllerc WaS a t('acher in S. S. X o. 14 in the 'ear ] 864, well remembered because of his severit ., who on one occasion punished a girl 80 unreasonahly that hcr C'nraged father came to the school with the intent of (lealing out summary justice to the teacher, had not the latter circumnavigated the arpa around thp stove so nimbly that he could not be canght. .\ a last rp ort thp fathpi called his children out of the s('hoo1. and other parentR who had ('orne to witness the teacher being thr shf>il. did likewise. For the rpmain- ing' three monthf' to the end of thp y('ar t1w rf'gl1lar att.}IHlance of 326 SCHOOLS OF BRUCE scholars was one lonely boy, varied by the occasional appearance of three others toward the end of the term. But there were other teachers of a different type. One school in the township (S.S. No. 13) attained more than a local reputation for the interest manifested in higher education. A teacher in the person of Peter :Mcrravish was secured for this school, a man of scholarly attainments, filled with an intense desire to impart instruction. That this enthusiasm was recognized is shown by the fact that grown-up men and women, from not only Bruce but Saugeen, came to satisfy their thirst at this foun- tain of knowledge. As a result of such a teacher, the honor-roll of men and women from this school who have, in their several ways, made a name for themselves in the battle of life will favorably com- pare with that of any other school in the county. Of these the fol- lowing entered the ministry: the Rev. D. Finlay, Rev. J. )1. ::\IcLeod, Rev. Donald McGillivray (missionary to China), Rev. John McGilli- vray, Rev. Malcolm :McGillivray, Rev. N. D. McKinnon, Rev. Albert Jones, Rev. Jacob "Howe, and Dr. :Margaret McKellar (medical mis- sionary in India). Of teachers, those who have pntered the pro- fession from this school are the following: A. H. Smith, James McKinnon, Charles Cameron, D. McKinnon, ::\'Irs. P. :\IcTavish, Mrs. J. Anderson, and others. The churches in which the people of the township worshipped are mostly mentioned elsewhere in this chapter, or in that on 'riverton. Of those not to be so found are two churches of the United Brethren in Christ, on the fifth concession. Originally there was hut one con- gregation, but when the denomination at large divided on some point, this congregation followed suit, the seceders building for themselves a brick church not far from the site of the parent one. Thf> Presbyterian church on the Saugeen boundary, known as that of thc Qupcn's HilI, or North Bruce congregation, was built in 1866. Its first minister was the Rev. \Vm. Matheson; following him was the Rev. John Scott, D.D., inducted April 28th, 1875. The minister at present in charge is the Rev. Hector IcQuarrie. At first the congregation at North Bruce was united to one on the eighth con- cession at Gresham, known as the Centre Bruce congregation. This union was dissolved, North Bruce becoming united with St. An- drew's, Saugeen, and Centre Bruce with the Underwood congregation. . Of public works on which the municipality has spent money, the lnwm;hip of Bruce has but little to show, the drainage of the hem- DHAINAGE 327 lock swamp on the fourth concession being about all. Debentures for $800 were issued to pay for this work, which was carried out in the late seventies. The first settlers in Bruce township were largely natives of Scot- land, or of Scotch parentage; their descendants of to-day evidence by their general prosperity and by the honorable position they occupy in the community at large that they are worthy descendants of the sturdy, God-fearing Scotch settlers who, dreading not the hardships of pioneer life in the bush, have been instrumental in making the township of Bruce what it is to-day, one of the most prosperous in the county. CHAPTER XXIII. VILLAGE OF TI VER TON.l IT was in the fall of 1850 that the primeval forest that covered the present site of Tiverton was entered by its first settler, Timothy Allan. The survey of the north part of Kincardine Township had just been completed, but that part of the township of Bruce in which Tiverton lies had not been commenced. For several years the work of clearing the bush went steadily on before the idea of a village at that spot was thought of. It was the fortune of the author, in the spring of 1857, to tramp along the "Boundary Line" from Inver- huron east to the fifteenth side-road, but he cannot recall of then seeing any evidence of the village that subsequently was developed. It was, however, in the same year that Norman )IcInnis there opened a store, and it is probably the year which Tiverton may claim as that when it commenced to. take form; but it was 1860 before it became known by the name it now bears, that is, when "Tiverton " was given as the name of the post-office then opened. The one store was thp most suitable place for the office, so naturally the postmastership was given to N orman IcInnis, of whom it may be said in passing, he, as much as anyone else, deserves the honor of being called the founder of the village. He it was who opened the first store and also the first manufacturing industry of the place, which was a pot and pearl-ash factory, which he commenced to operate in September, 1860. The next industry added to this was a wool-carding mill run by A. :McBain, which mill at a later date passed into the hands of James l\fcLeod, About the end of the sixties a grist mill was added to the industries of the village, John )IcLeod being the miller. John IThe name of a town in Devonshire, England. It is said that Norman IeInnis and the other petitioners, when applying for a post-office, sug- gested the name " :::;t. Andrews." This the Department would not agree to, there being another post-office of that name. Uf several names offered " Tiverton " was chosen, it being the name of the borough for which Lord Palmerston, the English Prime :Minister, sat in Parliament, and this no doubt had something to do with the choice made. 328 CHuRCHE 329 Dewar, also, about the same time, opened a store, the second in Tiv- erton. From this time, and for the next ten or twelve years Tiverton bccame somewhat of a market. The grain there purchased used to be delivered at one of the warehouses at Inverhuron; this business ceased with the burning of these warehouses in 1882, as they never werc rp!milt. It W held .Tan- uary Gth. l!I01. tlw Hr''"- Prinl"ipal Grant. of QU<><>)l'S TTni\(\rsity, officiating. The TIaptist congr<>gatioll "as organi7l'tl in lR,j:), 111ldf'f tIll' zl'al- ous efforts of the Rev. 'fro. Fraser, who usl'd to walk from his farm at Lorne to Tiverton every Sunday. where he cOllductf'd SC'f\ i('f' in '()n ()dober 14th, HI04, tht> Rt'\'. :Yr. .\n.lpl""loll t'OIllIllClIlorat('cl the fiftipth :I1Inivt>rs,ln" of hi"! or.linatinll. .\ llulIlhpr "f 1llC'IIllwrs of tlH' Prc'!oIhytc'ry of Brn;'t> "prp I'rt'''!c'nt tn unitt' \,ith hi"! old '"'IIl rpgation in on'pri nJ! C"" n J!ra t \lla t iOlls. 330 IXCORPORATION English and Gaelic. The year 1857 was that in which the first church was built; the presf'nt one was built in 1865. 1 One week and a day after the corner-stone of Knox Church was -laid, the }Iethodists of Tiverton engaged in a similar céremony. This congregation, feeling that the day of frame buildings for church edifices was past, have erected a commodious brick church. Being somewhat out of the main current of the world's activities, Tiverton in the early days had at times to depend upon local effort to conduct its religious meetings. In illustration of this, the writer recalls an incident related to him at the time, which was somewhere about 1862. The annual meeting of the Bible Society was announced for a certain evening, at which an address was to be given by a trav- elling agent of the Society. The evening came, and with it a fair number in attendance, but no agent of the Society. The roads were heavy, so allowance was made for that. To hold the audience together until the expected speaker arrived, the chairman announced, "Vie will sing the 119th Psalm. (This, the reader will remember, contains 176 verses.) The tune, some familiar one such as "Bal- enna," was raised, and bravely the audience started to sing, and sing they did through thirty-two verses, when the flow of psalmody was stopped by the arrival of the Bible Society agent. The County Council of Bruce passed a by-law, December 5th, 1878, incorporating the village of Tiverton. According to the" Mu- nicipal Act," it was necessary that three months elapse before the by-law could become operative; this was overlooked, and the election of a reeve and councillors took place on the last :Monday of Decem- ber. To correct this oversight it was necessary to have the House of Assembly pass an act, which it did (42 Vic. chap. 4 ), to confirm the IThis little church bas maJe a record that many a city church might be proud of in the number of ministers it has sent out to preach the Gospel. Among those who have thus gone forth might be mentioned: Rev. A. A. Cameron, of }-'irst Church, Ottawa; Rev. J. P. McEwen (late Superintendent of Home Missions); Rev. P. A. McEwen, B.A., York Mills; Rev. James IcEwen, B.Th., Wiarton. ; Rev. J. R. Coutts, Field Secretary of Brandon College; Rev. Wm. Holbin, White Lake; Rev. P. C. Cameron, B.A., Paris; Rev. Duncan :Menzies (deceased); Rev. C. J. Cameron, B.A., Field Secretary of McMaster University; Rev. Carey M. Cameron (deceased); Rev. Archibald Reekie, Bolivia Mission; Rev. Lach. McLean, Michigan; Ebenezer Cameron, B.A., student pastor at Reaboro; Rev. W. P. Reekie, B.A., Sparta; Rev. E. ,T. McEwen, Uxbridge; Rev. T. T. Shields, Adelaide Street, London; Henry Lowick, student at Chicago; Rev. P. A. McDiarmid, B.A., Rochester; Rev. Edgar Shields, .Kincardine ; Rev. P. H. McEwen, Vancouver; Rev. D. P. McLaurin; Rev. Alex. Kippen (deceased); and Rev. D. S. McEwen-about twenty-five in al1. FIRE OF lx lï 3:H by-law and also the election of reeve anù councillors. Their names were as follows: Reeve-J ohn C. 'IcEwell; councillors-J ohn Ic- Aulay, Joseph Robertson, John IcLeod and G. B. Lamont. The first village officials were: Duncan Cameron, clerk; Norman :McInnis, treasurer; Donald Robertson, assessor; and George Dayton, col- lector. The names of the various reeves of Tiverton and their years of oflkt' .up as follows: John C. )leE\\ en, lR79, 18öO, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888; John McDonald, 1881; J. J. Fee, 1bb2, 1883, 1biH; .John Pollard, U5 9, lb:JU; John _'ld\..ellar, 1891, 18 , 1893; L 11. 1IcKinnon, 18 4, 18 6, 1891; R. Ballantyne, 1895; Dr. 'Y. J. Chambers, 1898, 1900, 1901; D. A. )IcLaren, 1899; .N. M Clnre, 1902, 1903; J. H. lcKay, 1904, 1905; A. McKinnon, 1906. [n the fall of 18!)7 Tiverton suffered from an extpnsive fire, which caused serious loss of property in the business portion vi the village, most of the principal shops being alllong the buildings then ,lestroyed. In view of this severe loss, the County Council refunded to the village the amount of the county rates for that year. The buildings destroyed have been replaced by handsome structures, and it is qup:::- tionable if any village of its size in the county can show such up-to- date shops as Tiverton. The public school building is one of good size built of brick, aud cost about $3,500. The frame building previously useù for school purposes has been turned into a town hall. In this building the author, in June, 1882, made the only political speech he ever attempted. The circumstance is here mentioned only to illustrate the political leanings of the electorate of Tiverton at that time'. The meeting referred to was in the interests of J. H. Scott, the Conserva- tive ('andidate for West Bruce. rfhere Was at that time only onc Con- servative elector residing in Tiverton, nnd hf' rdm:('(l to act as e'hair- man of the mef'ting to be held; so a Libf'ral, John )fel)onald. the tanner, was ashf'cl and kindly consentrd to act as chairman at this meeting held in the interests of the Con t'n ative party. 'f r. '[cDoll- aId did this, no doubt, much agninst his inclinations.. hut it wa a graf'ious nd. The' me'eting òid but little to change' the politics of rriverton at that time, but other causes have been at work. and tIll" political parties fire not now f;0 one- illp(l. Th(' o Ill' C()n el"\'at iv(' vote of 1882 hnd been mu1tipliecl in 190 l hy more' than thirty fold. The' suhclivision of farm lots intu \ illa;.!e lot by n. rf'gisterec1 plan oc('urrf'cl in the follo\\ing orc1er and at tJH' datf's gi\f'n. The first was 111:111(\ in Octo her, lRGR, and \\ns of tIll' Wf' t half of lot 1. COTIces- 332 SURVEYS sion 12, Kincardine. This was followed, in September, 1870, by one of lot 60, concession" C," Kincardine, and in May, 1873, by one of lot 1, concession 1, Bruce, and in October, 187-1, by one of lot" J," concession 1, Bruce. These, with other subdivisions of farm lots, were combined in 1879 into what is known as the "Corporation Plan," comprising the five hundred acres contained in the village proper. It is a pleasure to note that the business founded by Norman McInnis in 1857, and which was the germ from which Tiverton developed, is still flourishing, although the respected founder has pa sed to his rest. Another store in the village is that of .T ohn :JlcKellar, a man who has helped to make Tiverton a business place. His name is associated with cheese manufactories, as well as with the mercantile interests of the place. Another of the business firms of Tiverton is that of Ballantyne & Ord, both members of the firm being long identified with the making of the village. At the time of its incorporation Tiverton claimed to have a pop- ulation of 834. This must have been an error, for two years later, by the census of 1881, the population was only 545. Tiverton is the E'mallest municipality in t.he county, hut this designation will he changed when that day comes when the projected electric railway reaches and makes a town of Tiverton. Subsequent to the writing of the foregoing, Tiverton has suffered again by fire. On July 19th, 1906, the grist mill owned hy :McCracken Bros. was burned. As there is a doubt about this indus- try being rebuilt in as complete a form as before the fire, the injury to the village can be appreciated. CHAPTER XXIV. T01VNSHIP OF CARRICK.l E TR.\.CT FROM THE REPORT OF COUXTY VALUATORS, 18ï . " This we found to be the best adapted township for stock and dairy farming of any in the county, on account of its numerous springs, and its soil, which is mostly loam mixed with limestone, which is better for grazing 'and root growing than stiff clay. There is a strip of very rough, gravelly land running through it, termed "The Forty Hills," which is very inferior land, but the balance of the township is mostly ordinary land. It has the best outbuildings of any township in the county, and has a larg p amount of village property. Its average price per acre is $33.23." EXTR.\.C'l' FROM TIlE REPORT OF COL"KTY V ALU.ATORS, 1901. " There is a great deal of very good land in this town::lhip, and there is considel'able quantit,y of the roughest land to be found in the county. The latter applies to the south-wf'stern portion of the township, nevertheless the settlcrs seem to be very industrious alld prospcrous, even in th(> worst "Jections. Land is selling readily and at good prices. The township is well watered with spring creeks, and stiff clay i::l not to be found. '1'he facilities for nUlking roads arc good, gravel is abundant, and as a result good roads prpvaiI. Buildings and fences are good and farms well kept and clean. Carrick has good railroad facilities, and is also close to the county tOWll. The Elora Uoad, runuing diagonaBy through the township, causes a number of gores in each concession. The rate per acre is $39.13, of which the village vroperty is $4.30 per acrc." 'rHE to\\ nship of Carrick \Va::; ..ettlecl with grcater rapidity than possibly any other to\\ II ship in the eounty. Therc were scvcral rea- SOliS for this. The lands, being ('rm\ n land:5, werc to be had at a lower price ($1.50) than chool lands. Then a rumor got abroad reganling the 'inality of the soil, to the effect that this to\\nship contained the choicest farm lands that were oppued for salc in this di lJ'id. a fad :-:1I!fi('i('lIt in it ('\f to (' plaiJl \\h.\' :--pUler:-: entpf'l'(l with a rll h. In 18:")0-31 1\. P. Brough laid out the Elora T10ad from the north-west ('orner of [1arrick down to the township of '[aryborough, staking out the lot:.; ill Carrick OIl concc::.si()n " C " alHI ., I) .. on each JThp titlf' of Earl of f'arrit'k wa onf' horne hv HolH'rt thc Bnll't'. and nO\\ II.' till' t'1c1I,"!t son of till' 1J\.t'l"f'iJ!n of l;rt'at. Britain. 335 336 FIRST SETTLERS side of the road; the rest of the township was suneyed in 1852 by J. D. Daniel. Prior to survey several sqnatters had entered and taken up lands in the northerly part of the township. Among these were John Hogg,l Andrew Hutton, Louis Fournier and John Toran- jeau. These men squatted on their lots in the summer of 1851. Shortly after the survey was finished the rush to locate farm lots commenced. Although the lands were not in the market, and were not offered for sale until the "Big Land Sale," held in September, 1854 2 long heforf' that date every lot in the township was squatted upon. Early in 1853 the inflow of settlers into Carl ick commenced. Prominent among those who to>k up land in the township in this year were 'Ym. Dickison, Edward Hickling, 'Vm. Thomson, who set- tled in the north-eastern part of the township; _\.ngus, Robert and John :McPhail, Samuel Clendening and his sons, Thomas, 'Villiam and Charles; Robert A. :l\Iorelen, Ahraham Johnston, Charles, Thomas and Frederick Jasper, Alexander and Donald McKay, Rob- ert 'Yills and Arthur Deacon, .who settled nearer the centre of the township. The first settlers to take up lanel in the Ylcinity of l\Iild- may were Robert Young, J ame Grey, rrhomas Liscoe, Andrew lAs the first settler in Carrick, John Hogg deserves a short biographical sketeh. John Hogg was a native of E(linburgh, Scotland. In 1844 he came with his parents, to Canada, being at that time fourteen years of age. The family settled in the county of Renfrew. In 18.:>0 John Hogg canH' to Bruce. After working in the vicinity of \Yalkerton he, in the following .ear, squatted on land which, when the survey was made, proved to be lots 18, on coneessions 13 and 14, of that township, for which lots he subsequently obtained a patent. On entering the bush, of money he had little, and his outfit consisted of little beyond an axe and a few necessary cooking and eatin utensils. His bed was but a pile of hemlock brush spread out on the usual single-posted bedstead. (This backwoods bedstead was always found in the corner of the shanty, the walls of which supported three corners so that only one post was needed.) The staple article of his diet at first was potatoes. After he had grown wheat he had to take it to Durham to be ground. He relates that on one occasion, after a long and tedious journey with a yoke of oxen; he reached Durham without any money, so he could not go to the hotel for a meal. By and by a bag of his grist was filled up and he proceeded to relieve the pangs of hunger. The process of baking was as follows: The top of the bag was thrown down, exposing the flour, some water ,,,,as poured into it and the two were mixed into a batter; this .was kneaded roughly into dough in the form of a srone and placed upon the top of the stove used for heating the mill, and baked, first on one side, then on tlw other. It required the digestion .of a backwoodsman to digest sueh an article of diet. :Mr. Hogg took an interest in the municipal matters of the township and was deputy reeve in the years 1864 and 1863. He ,,,as prominently eonnected with the .Walkerton Presbyterian Chureh. He was married in 1 5í to :Miss Bell, who survived him. His end came on February 1st, HHl2." See Appenrlix K. GER}[AN SETTLERS 337 Dunbar and his son James, Joseph Young, amuel Carr, Adam Johnston, .J ames Clark, James Butchart, John Reddon and his bro- ther-in-Iaw, John CamplJell, Ale . )IcLaren anù Thomas B. Taylor. These were followed by John, reteI' and Thomas hennan, who set- tled at Balaclava. The south-western part of the township shortly afterwards received its pioneer settlers, among whom were Anthony \rynn. ThonH1ð 1[c1Iichael, Henry )[eDermott, George, John and Thomas Inglis, James and Adalll ] larling. It may be safely stated that all of the foregoing entered the county by way of the Durham Hoad, as the Elora Road was not chopped out until the summer of 1854, the work being done by Joseph Bacon, as mentioned in Chap- ter V. Carrick is distinct among the townships of the county in having a large pcrcentage of its inhabitants claiming either German birth or descent; in fact, in many portions of the township the German element forms the majority of the population. The first body of those of this nationality to settle in the county were those commonly called "Pennsylvania Dutch," :Uennonites in religion, who ettled in the township of 8augeen. Carrick received the next contingent, who settled in 1853-54 in the vicinity of Formosa; these wcre largely natives of the southerly part of Germany or from Alsace. Prominent among them were )lichael Fischer, .Toseph and )Iichael Seitz, Andrew Zettle, I)hilip Hauck, Anthony Schumacher, .J.P. (commonly known a .. Baier TOI Y ..). :\1 iehad [o:-:a<:k and ('harle:-: L"hri('h. Thi ela of ettlerR had re ided long enough in "New (1erman y;' 'Y a terloo County, to acquire a knowledge of Canadian ways of farming, and a:-: a <:1a:-::o: wprc well-to-do scttler . OthC'rs who ahout thl' sanIl' time :-:ettled in the ea tern part of the township were :\[atthiaR RickC'1. P. Binkle, IIenry Evers, Peter and .Tacoh Eck(.l, John BiC'man. .Tohn and 1J atthia Stroller and Henry Dahll1f'r. r 11 thl' l"l'ntre of the towlI:-:hip. in the ,icinity of lJecmerton. there settl('(l \ndl'(\w,l _\nthony and Thoma Diemert, Peter and Joseph Emp1. .Tohn and .Tacob "ïl'gand. The earlie t Gennan sdt1 rs in thl' ,-i{'inity of ,J i]cllllay wen"' Gc'org(" Fn'dcriek and .J o:-:c'}lh \rc.ilcr. C'har1e:-; \r C'i:-:- hahn. EfIlc, t. Fred('riel,;: awl Hpnry Zinno \ugu t ancl' Frc"'clC'riek KI('i t. It is to the crpclit of Carrick that its inhahitant of varipd ral"l' . different languages and diverse faiths have lived from the first with an entire ah cnce of feeling as to faCP or ereC'd. markedly 1 \nrlrew lmilt tl1(' first tannPQ ana .\ nthony the first sawmill at this point. 338 TOWNSHIP COUNCIL attested all these years by the composite character of the Township Council and its officers. The first assessment made in Carrick was in 1853. At this time Carrick formed part of the municipality of the United Townships in the county of Bruce. Carrick's total assessment for that year was ;E373, and the amount of the municipal levy 2 9s. 9d. The rapid development in wealth of the township from this year may be seen by an examination of Appendix}'L In 1854 the union of all the townships in the county as one municipality was dissolved, and Brant and Carrick as united townships became a municipality.l Joseph 'Valker, of Brant, was the reeve of this municipality for the years 1854-55. In 185Q this last-mentioncd union was dissolved, and Car- rick commenced its separate municipal existence. The first meeting of the Township Council was held at Balaclava, at .T ohn hennan's tavern, on January 21st, 1856. The council consisted of 1Iichael Fischer, Seth Rogers, 'Vm. McVicar, Peter McVicar and A. Diemert, James Gorsline acting as clerk at this meeting, which elected Peter McVicar as reeve. A t the second meeting Edmund Savage was appointed to the joint office of clerk and treasurer, which position he held until June, 1812. In a footnote 2 are to be found the names of those who have held the position of reeve of Carrick from the year 1856 to 1906. The township of Carrick has certain natural advantages which have saved it from incurring large financial obligations necessitating the issuing of debentures. Being in a great measure free of swamps IAn effort was made in 1854 to have Carrick erected into a separate municipality, as the following extract from the County Council Minutes of Report of Special Committee on the separation of union of the townships in Bruce, shows: " Petition of Thomas Liscoe and others praying that the township of Carrick be erected into a distinct municipality. '\Ve cannot recommend that the prayer of this petition be complied with, inasmuch as the gross assessment of the township, upon which county taxes are applotted, is only f330, and calculating the county taxes for this year at 2<1. in the pound, the whole sum payable by this township would amount to only f2 15s. "\Ve respectfully submit that it is quite unnecessary that a reeve should be sent here, at a cost of f12 or f14 to the county, for the purpose of guarding the interests of this township." 2List of reeves in the township of Carrick: Peter )Ic Vicar. 18.36, '57; :Michael Fischer, 1858, '59, '60, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '73, '74. '75, '76, 1880; Ignatius Kormann, 1868, '69, '70, '71, '72; J. Murphy, M.D., 1877, '78; M. Campbell, 1879; Wm. Dickison, 1881, '82, 'S , '8-1-, 'S.3, '86, '8ï; John Henderson, 1888, '89, '90, '91; George Lobsinger. 189 : Aaron Moyer. 1893; C. Liesemer, 1894, '95; James Darling. 1896; .Tames John- ston, 1897; R. E. Clapp, :M.D., 1898, '99; L. Lintz, 1900; :Moses Filsinger, 1901, '02, '03, '04; Conrad Schmidt, 1905, '06. BALACLA \" A 339 it has no scheme of drainage to prO\ide for, al\(l. unlike the tuwn::;hip of Brant, to the north, it has no large stream:, to bridge, with the involved necessity of expensive structures for that purpose. The debentures issued by the township have been on account of the village of )Iildmay, for the erection of a school building and to purchase a fire-engine, for which sectional as essments are made. The issue of debentures for the school building was !þ3.'200, and for the fire-engine $4,000. The settlement commenced by the three :Shennan brothers at Balaclava seems to have been the first to have taken upon itself the form .of a village. John hennan's tavern there was the first in the township, and the first store in the township was there opened by his brother. For a number of years Balaclava was a thriving little village and was the hub of the township, the municipal nominations and most of the Council meeting:, being held there. A Presbyterian congregation in connection with the Church of cotland was there formed about 1861, which along with the congregation at )Iount Forest formed a charge over which was settled the Rev. John Hay, a very gifted minister A post-office establishf'd there in 18!)6 bore the name of "Glcnlyon;' of which John Shennan was postmaster, his successor in office being "ïlliam Hay. This office, after remain- ing open for about sixteen years, was closed in 1872. Balaclava at one timc had a population of about 150; this would he ahout high- water mark in its best days. The reason for thc rleeay of Ralarlava was that in the contest for the position of thp railway tation I ihl- may had the good fortune to secure it, as referrt'd to in the follow- ing paragraph. J\Iildmay commem.pd to take form a:-; a village about It'()7, "hen Samuel 'If'rnf'r had a sun ey made of part of lot '26, concession" fl." For the first half-dozen years the place wa:-: called lprncrsvi1le. although the post-office, which was established in 1868, W b known as Mi1dmay. The first postmastcr wa T>nnal(l 'fcLf'an. who al o was the first merchant of the place. The three watcr privileges on Otter Crcek, in or about '[ildmay. have all bepn uspd to ad\'antage. rrhe first industry to which water-power wag applipd wag a nwmi11 erecterl by nmupI Carr. near the pre f'nt railway station. \ grist- mill is saiò to ha\ f' bef'n estahlished by a man named tf'wart lah" in thc fiftics: of this tllf' author ('annot nffinn, hut in 1Hn7 thf'rp was a good grist-mill nm by 'Yi1liam 11 urrn T. Thp nu('l("u around which vi11agps form in a nf'W di tri('t i:,; g'f'Il('rally R hlnC'ksmith :-;hop 340 l\IILDl\U.Y and an hotel. The first of each of these in )Iildmay was started respectively by .Tohn Lenhardt and Charles chiel. Before the rail- way had reached the county of Bruce there were established at Jlild- lllay a woollen factory by Edmund Berry, and a pottery by 1. Bit- schey, besides grist and sawmills. Having these industries lo('ated, and also having good water-power for further industries, the village of )Iildmay presented greater inducements to the railway company for the fixing of their station at that point than could Balaclava, and therefore obtained the coveted prize. iIice the opening of the rail- way )Iildmay has made very rapid progress, so llluch so that it is doubtful if there is another unincorporated village in the province of it:-: :-:ize and activity: c('rtainly it can rightly claim to pos ess a larger amount of trade than several of the incorporated villages within the county. It has its local newspaper, The 1Jlildmay Gazette, estab- lished about 1893, a system of electric lighting and banking facili- ties, the )Ierchants Bank having estahlished an agency there in 1 )Q0. X 0 village in the county is more loyally supported by the surrounding country than is )Iildmay, which fact seems to assure its continued prosperit,v. ext to l\Iildmay the most important village in the township of Carrick is Formosa. Its situation is unique, being in a valley through which runs Stoney Creek, supplying water-power to the mills. In thi:-: vaHey therc are places wherf' lûw. roeky cliffs picturesquely intrude themselves upon the line of the highway, to avoid which the :-:treet has to forsake the usual straight line until the rocks are past. A settlement was formed at this point in 185-1, but the village did not take form until some years later. John B. Kroetsch started a sawmill here in the fifties, which was the first industry of the plaee; some ten years later he added to this a grist-mill. The first store was kept by A. Schick, and the first hotel by .T ohn Kartf's. The post-office was established there in 186'2, the first postmaster being F. X. )[essner. It is not too much to say that )Iessrs. ..L\.nthony and F. X. )Iessner were the leading spirits of Formosa for about thirty year as storekeepers and private hankers. In a footnote l is given 'The death of l\Ir. Francis X. ::\Iessner, which occurred :ð'[arch 10th, 1906, removeS a prominent pioneer and philanthropist. In 1862 he, with his brother Anthony, settled in the localit . of Formosa, then a dense forest, and started several business enterprises, encouraging settlers and helping them to establish the homes they m'e now enjoying. An earnest promoter of Catholic education, he built two convents, one in Formosa and another in ',"alkerton. His philanthroph:'T was not confined to Bruce; he was ever ready to assist charities throughout Canada. He was most FORWARD 341 a biographical sketch of F. X. ::\Iés::,ner which will ellable the reaùer to see why he will be remembered in connection with Formosa as long as the pre::;ent generation of the ,"illage are ali, e. Thc inhabitants of Formú:sa are almo:-t entirely of German or Alsatian birth or descent, anù are members of the Roman Catholic Church. The church they lUl\-e erected is by long oùùs the finest ecclesiastical building in the county. It is built of stone. Its dimen- tions are 160 by (;11 feet, and its lofty ::;pire, glistening in the sun- light, may he :O:CL'n for mill's around. During the eredion of the building service::, were helr1 in the old frame church erected some twenty years lu'c,-iously. the peculiar feature being that the new building was huilt around and about the old one, until at last but glimp ('s of it only could he had through the windows of the building which was heing erecteù. This fine church WH:-I openeù December 9th. 1i'i 3. The first church seryice at Formosa were held in tht; old log school-hou ('. that stood on the ite of the present sehool building. The first priest to be stationcd at Formo a was the Hey. rather tier. The Hey. Father Gehl is the pric::;t at pre::,ent in eharge of the paI'i ll. After the chul'C'h the ne),.t promiIl('nt building in the village is the convent, uIlIler the charge of the si ter:, de X otre Dame. Thi:, build- ing-. the gift of .\. and F. X. .Jll':-:-ner, wa:, opened. by Bi:,hop .Farrel, Ol'Ìohl'r oth. 1",; . \ hoanling--school (,OlH.lul'Ìed by the si:;:ter:-: has been well patronized. ::;ome few years ag-o it 'nl:; ac., ,.rtpd that tl1('r(' were indication,;; of tll(> l' i:-;tl'n('l' of coal oil at Fonllo:-"l. .\n arÌl'sian wdl wa::- sunk ovrr a thousalHl feet accp, allli at onl' tini(' it Wil thought that the " were on the point of striking oiL hut oIlly to be di:.:appointell. \nother well not far off "a;; 'lmk with like result. _\ fine tinw of "atcr ('OBll'S from the:.:c wl'l1s. ,,'hidl i:.: an tIll' unfortunatc sharp- holders hm-e to how for their l' IIl'llIliture. A "PrImm ('tt1l'll\C'nt without a brewery woulfl bp inromplt'Ìl'. Thi lWl'd \ra llppli('a to Formo:-,a about lfo:l;!). W]Wll .\IHll'ew Hall huilt hi hn'wl'ry. whieh. unlIt'r clifTl'I'l'nt ownc)' . i till in opl'J"atioll. In a pun'I," Gl'rnum 8ettl('llwllÌ lag(.r 1.l'('r i partakl'n of a:o: ont' of tlw onlinary antI 11('('(':-'- sary thing of life. ] [ow much this is o hil hl'I'1l evir1I'J1f'l'II at Fn)'- 8U('I,t'ssful in husint's" until nil I1ntortunnt(' pntprprisf:' l'nusp.] him J!rt'at lossl's anti s:lI1c1pllt'cI th(' last fpw ypars of his lift', owing to till' ÙIl't tll3.t sump of his fril'JIIls WPrt' in\"oln'cI with him, :\Ir. Ipssnl'r \\ as a promint'nt Lilwml, nnil on onl' Iw('asion rt'ceÏ\ (>11 th(' unaninllJus nomination in East BnH'(' for tht' Hnusl' of ('onllnon . an hOllor \\ hil'h hI' .1t.eHnl"l. lit' is survin'll h hi" wi.l.)\\. -1'11(> (;l()lu', Toronto. 34:l CARLSRUHE mo::;a in days now past, where e\ ery ;Sunday morning, after hearing ma 8, the hotels were filled by the church-goers having a quiet mug of beer before starting on their drive back to the farm; and, strange as it may seem, the licens inspectors did not think it advisable to enforce the law there in regard to prohibited hours. Another of the villages of Carrick is carlsruhe, which derives its name from the capital of the Grand Duchy of Baden, in Germany. Its location is elevated and healthy, and it:::; inhabitant::; are said to be noted for their sociability. (Delltstll r .1/Udand 'ltnd Gemuetlich- keit.) ...\. post-office was opened there in 186-1-, Ignatiu;, Korman .being the first postmaster anù al o the first merchant. His successor \Va:s Ernst Seeber. 1 The Roman Catholic chur('h in the village is one of the foremost in the diocese. T t is Jl}mldlefl a Her the cathedral at RoerIl1onùe, in Holland, anù is of the UOlllèlllc8l1ue :style of architec- ture. It was built in 18'{3, at a cost of orer *15,000. Its :numerous stained-glass windows are artis6e alHl worthy of inspection. The first resident priest was the Rev. Franz Ha.ssaerts, r.LH.8" a mall of scholastic attainments and large-heartedness. His death occurred in October, 1886. The prescnt incumbent, the Rev. J. E. \Vey, P.L., possesses the affection and respect of his parishioners. There are in the village both a public and a Homan Catholic separate schooL Carlsruhe, although not a populous village. has many of the luxuries of larger places, such as electric light , two daily mails, and is con- nected with the outer world by both telegraph and telephone. Otter Creek, although not fI large tn'alll. has been made the most of a::i a source of power. \.ft(-'r (lri\ ing" the mi11 at )[i1dmay. it is next used to furnish pnwer to the Haugcl'll Yalley Roller Mill. noW owned by Jacob Steinmiller & SoIl. 'l'his mill was originally built in the seventies by \Vm. H. (']C'ndenillg and \Ym. ßrown. He failed to make a success of it, and tIle' mill pas ed into the hands of thc :Merchants Bank, who sold it in 1886 to [r. Steinmiller. 2 Fuder his management the mill has obtaine l a wide-spread reputation for the high grade of flour produced. It was awarded a bronze medal at the \Y orld's Fair at Chicago in IbD3. It also carried off the Grand Prix ll\Ir. eeber filled the office of }Justmastf'r from lR69 until 1906, except- ing four years which he spent teaching SI' hool at X enstadt. During this interim Albert Goetz held the offil.e. 2Jacob Steinmiller camc to this county from Germany, in 1867. His experience as a miller extends over half a century. He claims to have, in 1875, set up the first roller ma(' hinery in the province, the machinery being imported from Yienna by ::\ll'ssrs. Snider, of St. Jacobs. PRIV ATE BANK .FAILUItES 3 3 at the l'aris Exposition of 1900, awl a diploma at the Iuternational Exposition at Glasgow in 1901. Thi mill has a capacity of 1 3 to 130 barrels a day. _1 large proportion of the flollr lr. :::ìteinllliller grinds is exported. Further down the stream, near where it empties into the Saugeen River, George Harrington in 18li erected a grist- mill. rrhis was run for about twenty-five years by different proprie- tors, whcn it unfortunately was burnt do\\n, and has Dot been rebuilt. One of the first congregations of any denomination to be organ- ized in Carrick was that of the German Evangelical ...h:sociation on the eleventh concession, which H\ent occurred in 1855. The Rev. D. Dippel was one of the pioneer ministers of this denomination in Car- rick; through his efforts, and those of other workers, not only this church was established, but also one of the same denomination on the seventh concession, and another in :Mildmay. rrhe Lutheran church on tlIP eleventh concession was early organized. It is claimed that this was the first Lutheran congregation formed in the county. The first minister was the Rev. ::\1r. 'Vunderlich. The farmers of Carrick were heavy losers by the failure of F. X. Iessner in 1897, and_ of the Carrick Banking Company in the follow- ing year, many having deposited their savings with these two firms. These losses have been more than made up during the subsequent years of prosperity, for the farmers of Carrick are thrifty and suc- cessful agriculturists. 'Vith such characteristi(:s as thes,' we may always expect to see Carrick among the premier township' of the county of Bruce. CH \.PTER XXY. T01YKSHIP OF CULROSS.l EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT of COU TY VALUATORS, 1901. " Vve found the greater portion of this township first-class soil ana well improved, good buildings, goud fences, and in a good state of cultiva- tion. Land is selling at good prices, aud is well adapted for all kinds of farming, being well watered ana having first-class roads. There is, however, a very rough strip of about two miles and a half along the western boundary, which redlH'eS the average rate per acre very consider- ably, while being very hilly it grows fair crops. Having Teeswater in the centre, with C. P. R. connectious, anrl having 'Vingham and :\IiIamay with the G. T. R., within easy reach of southern aml easte!u borders, the people of Cuh'oss enjoy a choice of markets, an alh'antage no other municipality in the county has' got. The north-west part of the township has been cousiderabl:v improved since the last valuation, in clearing and draining low lands. Some large drains were being constructed when your valuators were there last fall. The rate pe acre for this township is $32.90, of which the village property amounts to 79 cents per acre." THE township of Culross, like its neighbors to the north, east and west, namely, the township::; of Greenock, Carrick and Kinlo s, was classed among tho:-:e known as Crown lan opened for sale at the time of the" big land sale,"2 eptemher, ] 85-!-. ett1ers entf'red the township in this its fir:;t year of settlement, and were fairly numerous, considering they were only squatters. At this time it was part of the united township of Greenock an< -. 1 Ì-L-.- I l. _. Pf Ch :Iot j rt.!.. _ 1..---..'" j . F/Q ...L ::;' )I ..../ ( ' 't';: "';,: r-z:" "<......... ( v '-?! I (v\ V'-i\ I 3H I) IJ I 1 (1\ I I / \ -l.DJ. \ / 1>---,-1-" . , . ' I : 1)1 f ) ..- ' '\ ' I 1'5 t ),I -3tr PI 24 1.7 U Z5 2 23 22 2/ 7ð 19 It. 7 , IS (.. \ 2 /I 1(1 S T 6 S .. J Z I - : \ 1: \ I r lI rR.!-n- ..' ; , \ r '\ .i . r L.::._ , _ I If I J' 1- --'-1- '2 -- 2' '- ". / " ./ ......----y I ): 1- --: '" ,/ / ),_.r 19 -- ,a -- '1 ! -I- I. MI IS 1:)tf 1 13 I - .!-- - .. - =:;> '- io-- EARLY SE1TLEUS 247 Dougal Campbell, H. Davis, Henry Haldenby, Anthony Shoemaker, \V m. Roame, Alexander Forsyth, Ira Fulford, John ,IcKague and others whose names the author has not been able to obtain. ...\.s an illustration of what the early settlers in Culross pa sed through, the experience of James Reid is here given. )[r. Reid, being stirred up by a request of the author for an account of his entrance and residence in CuJross, wrote a letter in Iarch, 1902, which was published in the Teeswater News. :::'omewhat abridged, it is here given: " I landed in Culross about the 13th of September, 185-1. There were very few shanties In the township, then an unbroken forest, and I was guicled by the surveyor's blaze. The lots were aU numbered with a f'harp iron on a Fhort post put in the ground. I took up the two lots that I am now on, on the 7th concession. Culross was mostly settled with Scotch. Irish and English, the north-east corner with Germans. The" Rig Lanel ale" was held on the 27th Sept., 1851:. A lot of us left here on Ionday morning, the 25th, and got to Southampton on Tuesday afternoon. \Ve found it a little place "ith about t\\ ù or three hundred of a population, three hotels. and not much accommodation for such a mass of people; but the weather was all that could be desired. A. McX abb was the Crown L:mds Agent. rrhe office was a log building about 16 x 1 feet, with a Fmall window in the hack, which was open to permit the buyers to hanc1 in their letters. with C' 10s. enclosed, along with the number of their lot , COllce ion and township. f.7 1 Os. was the first instal- 11lf'nt. Owing to th(' crmn1 it was almost impo !=:ihle to get to the offiee window, o 'I r. ,[eX abh got two men to carry in "these lettprs from the people. The two men were .J ohn Shf'nnan, from Balaclava, Carrick, and 11 r. \L )[cLean. the po tma ter at \ValkC'rton. The crowdin.!! still continued so great that Mr. rc ahh saw a better plan might be adopted, which was as follows: Two con:;;tables. whom he ha(l to keC'p oI'llf'r, told the people to aU move back from th.. office, thC'l1 two hour:, would be given to eaeh township at a time, until all the county wa attended to. The work went on well antI was finishflil on Saturday afternoon. It took aU the week for the !=:alfl of the lot , í'"X('C'pt omfl in fflrior 1and in t1w township;; which Wt'rí' !=:o1r1 in afh'r '('ar:,. 'rIwn the :-ale Wil!; on'r thí' pm pIe wcnt to thflir fI\C'ra1 to\\ni-\hip to put 11P shantic to preparí' for the win- t('r. lIIany of th(' (' hC'ing put up in Octoher following. The neÜ thing wa:-; to !!('t omt'thing to 1i\C' on all \\ intflr. :md to gt t roans opflnf'd through the forC',t. J n tho e days flour ilwl pork w('r(' very high in price, owing to Ow Hu :-:ian 'Var. Flour Wil $10 pflr harr 'l an(l pork !f'10 an(l *11 pt r h\lnnf( (l 1h,;. 'Iany of \I in ru1ro :, 348 JAMES REID carried the first flour we used on our backs 16 or 11 miles, but when the snow came we got a man and oxen to bring what we needed. Then, for work through the winter, you would hear axes going and trees falling, everyone anxious to get the forest cut down and to hew out a home. The timber in those days was of no value. In the fall of 1855 we in CuIross had no lllail service nearer than Ir. Ritchie's, who kept the post office on the Durham line near Ennis- killen, o a few of us met where Teeswa tel' village is now and for- warded an application to the Postmaster-General for mail service, which we soon got, the post-office being named Teeswatcr after the river. )Iatthew Hadwin was the first postmaster. In the summer of '55 and '56 some of the settlers had a little crop and a few cattle. Lumber was much needed to put up buildings for what little crop there was and for the cattle. The need was supplied by the late Peter B. Brown, who had taken up lots 14 and 15 on the 6th con- cession, which forms a part of Teeswater village now. P. B. Brown was an enterprising man. The river crossed the front of hi:5 two lots, which gave him a fall of about 8 feet of water, so in the SUlll- mer of 1835 he built a daTIl and in the fall he put up a sawmilL In the fall of 1R5G he put up a grist mill, which was running in the winter of '5ß and '. 7. The settler:, were bU:5Y with chopping and logging bees, clearing up their farms and putting up log houses, log barns and also some frame buildings. 'Ve were a happy people in those days, and all went on well for years. Culross was, and is, famed as a grain-producing township. I have known a yield of fifty bushels of fall wheat per acre and weighing sixty-four lbs. per bushel, and of thirty bushels of spring wheat per acre of sixty-two lbs. per bushel. Being far frolll market it became quite a task in a stormy winter to get the grain marketed. Clinton, thirty-four miles dis- tant, was the nearest railway station, and it took two days for one trip. Clinton was our market for years. The farmers Lt'came very anxious for a nearer market as the quantity of produce increased, o we were well pleased when in the winter of 1869 and '70 Iessr . Laidlaw, Baxter and Dickey came up from Toronto to Teeswater to agitate in a movement for the construction of a narrow gaufle railway. Among other things these men made us farmers believe was that we would realize five or six dollars a cord for two foot wood in Toronto. The Company got a bonus of $43,000 from Culross, although only three miles and three-quarters of the road lies within the township, and I think the road was in operation in the year '74, and it ran four or fixe years. The narrow gauge was not bad in summer, but in a stormy winter it was no good. The little horse was as nothing in a snow drift. One winter it was put in the engine house about the end of January an(l stayC'(l there nntil spring. As OTHER PIOXEERS 34:9 the narrow gauge coulù. not do the work required, the Company tried to get another bonu;:; to make the road one of Etandard broad gauge, but failed, and the road pa :o::ed into the hands of the Canalh! Pacific Railway Company. Culross and Teeswater have had very good rail- way accommodation ever since." \.s complemental to the foregoing, another interesting narrative of one of the pione r5 of Culro5, , relating his experiencls on entering the bush, is here inserted. It has been furnished by Archibald .M(;Intyre, of that township: '" 'Ve, the )[cIntyrc family, consisting of mother, we three brothers and three sisters, left Hinehinhrook, Lower Canada. in the spring of 185-1, "hen the last of the Gon'rnnll'nt Lands in the County of Brm;l' were to he openeù up for alc. We took our team and waggon and some luggage with us. came up the t. Lawrence. and landing in Hamilton off th<> teamer lrabiall, thankful for ha,'ing pas:"I'ù in bafet . through a t'H're :-:torm on the way up. An older :-:i tpr aJllI hcr hu:-,hand. who hall COUl(' to rpper Canada some year previously, were ..ettlC'(l in Oueida Town:-:hip, twenty-nTe mile:, out of Hamilton. )[ . Oll1l':-,t hrother aJllI my:-,c1f left the family and tuff with them HUll :-,tartl'c1 for the hu:-:h. " e trampcd all the WH '. 1.'ia (;odC'rieh. Kine-anline. Greenock. ana into rulro s until we !=:truck tlIP Tee:-,wah'r I:in'r. ,\-: Wl' liked the timher awl :,oil tlH're we went no furtlwr. From an llIH..h' in GreC'nock wc ohtained a:\.es. flour ancl tpa. amI l't ahout 11ll(ll'rhru:-,hing on the lot on either :-:ide of the 15 side-liIH', in order to f' tahlish a claim to those lots. 'Ye did not see the face of a soul after l'ro ing the stream. to u thf'n nameless, hut aHC'rwa 1"11:-: cal1f111 Tl'l' w(ltC'r. 'fl> workprl a wel'k and unlit r- hrnslH'11 quite a pifl(,C' of laJll1. 'fe hakC'a our !=:C'OUfI!=: on ('oal sp1"l>ad on'r with a:-:he:-,. T waR ('()Ok. Alec was fi:-,herman awl fare(l wph., hnt a!=: T lH'Ye>r likell fì:-,h [ had naught hut t('a with m ' ('on . ,,'(' :-:lppt }><,aedully on hru:-,h. (li:-,turhe>d hy n('ithpr man nor b('a;;.t, until the hright .T UHC' morning:-: ummOlwd our arnwd. wmged ('nemi(' 1" \u'gin their f:tinging ah.H'k,.:. It wa:;: hl'Hutiful w('at1wr, no rain all thp timC' we wen' at work on our ";uppo:-'l'd claim. :"'Iuffi('ient unflC'r- hru-:hing IlOlll', we tr\Hlgl'll ha('k to Onei(la awl worked among tlw farnwr:-: until nmr the> C'1l(1 of I pte>mhe>r; t}wn WI' madp a final shu{ with our team ann folk for a hOlllP in Culro s. 'Ye> ('al11e> hy wa.\' of the> narafra\.a roan to 1 )urham amI the>nce> to my unc1c\; on tIll' Hurham linf'. From Durham to 'Yalkflrton wp ,,"pre> in con tant fear that our hor!=:I':-" limh:- would h(' hrokpn, thp ('ro swaY roarl wa so hall. Ifmn', pro WI' got to Gr('(,llOck in :--aff'ty. and th re> w(' l('ft our he1ong-ing:;: m1til WP !"houlfl pn'pal't' it hahitation on our lots for thC'ir 350 ARCHIBALD .\IcI.NTYRE occupancy. 'Ye were amazed at the rush of people looking for land at this time. Every lot appeared to be taken. 'Vhen we got to what we thought were our lots, \\e found P. B. Brown and a :Mr. Ford had shanties put up on them. \Ve could have held on to the lots, having done the first work on them, but gave way in favor of :Mr. Brown as he purposed putting up a grist mill, this being such a necessity in the settlement. " e took up our stakes and went south to the second and third concessions and there took up the lots 21 and 22 on each concession. '" e built a good big shanty, and thither \\ e brought our folks. As the horses would be of no use in the bush we sold them in Greenock and bought o en. Coming in we had to make our own road, cutting underbrush and small trees, and wind- ing around large ones, avoiding marshes and getting around about hills. Our ox team with waggon was the first that forded the Tees- water River at that point, and the only team in the neighborhood until springtime. Provisions were hard to get the first winter. :\Iany a back load was carried miles through the wilderness of woods in those days. To buy boots for myself and Alec I walked to Goderich, a distam:e of 30 miles, as we could get them no nearer. There were wolves, but we did not see them. Only once did we hear a howling pack of wolves in the settlement. That was one night the second winter we were in. Their yells were hideous, and many a shanty door was barricaded until their sound died away in the distance. The Highlanders were prominent in the first settlement of Culross. ì\fcKinnon, :M:cKay, :McKenzie, McDonald and many other representatives of the different clans were strongly in evidence; but many of them not being so famous with the axe in the forest as their ancestors were with the broadsword on the battlefield, they gave up and sold their claims to newcomers from the older counties. P. B. Brown's mill was erected as promised, grinding slowly, to be sure, but sufficient to supply local need. :Mr. Hadwin began in a .small way to bring some commodities to the village for sale, making it our trade centre. Among those who came to our neighborhood and purchased from the first settlers their claims were the Ballaghs, Colvins, .McAliisters, l\IcGregors, Caslick, Straths, :Marshalls and Allisons; mostly all these bought small farms. It was thus that settlers came in throughout the township, making an excellent com- munity, who observed the Sabbath and also held meetings for wor- ship in private houses until churches and schools were built, the history of which institutions I must leave to an abler pen than mine. Notwithstanding the dangers of the felling of trees, great and small, there were not many accidents and very few fatalities in the town- ship. ::Marriages were numerous and every household seemed happy, thus laying a good foundation for the advancement and prosperity whid] Culross now enjoys." lUNICIPAL AFFAIRS ;)51 "'hen the union of the towll:::;hips comprising the county of Bruce 1 was passeù the townships of lxreenock and Culross were united, for municipal purposes, to form one municipality. rllÍs union lasted for two years, George Cromar being ree"e during both years. On January 1st, Id56, the union was dissohed, anJ the township of Culross from that date onward has existed as a separate municipality. The first COllncil of the to nship consisted of Peter B. Brown a reeve, \Ym. )fcl\Cllzie, Thomas Jlaloney, John Gilroy and Ale}.ander Ross as councillors. In a footnote 2 are given the names of those who have filled the office of reeve from 1856 to 19U6. Robert \Vatson was elected clerk and treasurer. In a footnote 3 is a list of the names of hid successors in these offices down to the present time. The Township Council of Culross ha5 always contained men of ability, and has ever been economical in the trend of its legislation. ..A marked exception to this characteristic was the submitting, in 1811, to the ratepayers for their "Vote a by-law granting a bonus of $43,0004 to thp Toronto, Grey and Bruçe (narrow gauge) Railway. This action was t.aken from a recognition of the great need of a local market for farm produce, and which could only be secured by the entrance of a railway into the township. This by-law carried. .An effort was made on several occa- sions to have this large indebtedness assumed, in whole or in part, by the county, but on every occasion the rounty Council voted the proposition down. The township was relieved of part of this liability by the vi11age of Teeswater when it was separated from the township on .T annary 1st, 1875. ' "e \ppendix F. 2Names of the r('eves of Culross: Peter B. Brown, 1856, '57. part of '58, '59; Wm. McJ{ague, part 181)8; Thomas :Maloney, 1860; Alex. McIntFe, 186], '62, '63, '64, '06, '67; F. H. Scboals, lRtì5, '6S, '69, part of '70; A. Gibson, part 1870; George McKibbon, 1871, '7 , '73, '74; William Scott, 1875 to lS fI; .T08. l\foir, 1890, '91, '92; .J08f'ph Welwood, 1893, '94, '95, '96; Henry McKay, 189ï, '98, '99, 1900, '01, '02; E. C'. Kuntz, ]903, '04; Jas. Donaldson, 190.;, '06. SRobert Watson W:IS eleded clerk ana treasurer, which officj:'s he filled for three 'ears, when .John Logan received the appointment to both offices. In 1862 Thomas Fairbairn was made clerk, which uffice he filled until 1873, wl\('n it pass('d into the hands of John Marshall, who held it for the next thirteen years. Since then the position has b('en held by R. E. LitU.., A. Gibson, George Wilson, and the present township clerk. Charles Button, who has held the office since 1 91. The township treasurership was held by .John Logan till lSï2, then by Wm. Colvin till 18S6, then by Samuel Kirkland until his d('ath, in 1893. lIe was 8uccpeded by Peter Clark, who also heM the office until his death, in 1905. .Tohn Clark, his son, i8 now the holder of the office. .$.'),000 of thi amount was a sectional bonus raised by that part of the township after\\arcl incorporated as the villngl of Tees\\ater. 352 ?10SCOW The only attempt made to develop a village within the township of Culross that succeeded was in the case of Teeswater. Other villages, such as Belmore and Formosa, are on the boundary of the township, and are not wholly in Cu1ross. Ioscow (or Cheviot P.O.) is different, being nearer thp heart of the township. Here Paul ROSSI tried to lay the foundations of a yillage, having a survey made in the same year, 1b56, as Teeswater was suryeyed. He early had a sawmill in opera- tion, and in 1 6 he had also a grist mill. A tannery, established hy 'fm. Clark, was one of the indu:-:tribi of the little burg. \11'. Ho:"':; made some money on gravel road contracts, and, wishing to live nearer the county town, he in 1869 disposed of his )Ioscow property to. Andrew JIcLean, who succeeded to the title, c, Emperor of Ioscow," one that had been humorously bestowed on :Mr. Ross. . farewell supper to )Ir. Ross. on his leaving Moscow, was given on January 7th, 1870. The Ioscow mills were destroyed by fire January 12th. 1880, and with that cataf::trophe the prospects of a town developing there faded away. The water power at this point is sti11 available, and may some day be utilized to generate electric power. The large area of lands in the township of Greenock, and to a les e).tent in Cu1rú:-:;, that approach more or less the conditions of swamp lanch, which condition would be changed if the Teeswater River were only deepened for a part of its course, has attracted attention for many '(>ars. The first suney made to determine the best course to pursue was made in 18()8, ann.. is referred to in Chapter XXX. Nothing. how- eyer, seems to have been done until about 19()2, when the matter again came up. Andrew :McLean addressed the County Council, and trlC'd, lm:,uC"ce:,:,ful1 '. to p.'C't that hody to take action. The member for South Bruce, R. B. Truax. Esq.. ahout the same time obtained the promise of a grant towards the work from the Provincial Gm-ernment. The municipal councils of the two townships intere:,ted dpcidec1 to take action in so far as to find out the prohablc cost. and also benefit of deepening the river, so in the winter of 1902-03. when the river wa" frozen over, .James 1\ T arren, C.E., under t1w direction of the towm-hip councils, made the necessary surveys. anrl drew a profile of the bed of the riyer from Chepstowe to the eighth conceo;:sion of Cu1ross. That part of his report referring to the towm-hip of Culross is as follows: "I have made an examination of the Teeswater Ri,er from the bounrlary of Grcenock to the 8th concession of Culross. with the ,iew lAfterwanls a mayor of Walkerton. DEEPEXI G TEESW ATER RIVER 353 of having the river deepened, and beg to report as follows, viz.:- " I find that the river runs very dead in a good part of the way, but from the 8th to the 10th concession the fall is enough to give a good current, there are no very great obstacles in the way of deepen- ing the channel, as most of the bottom is mud, or muck, that can be easily removed. "I would recommend that the channel be deepened 30 inches at the öth concession briilge, and continued on as shewn on the profile, as prepared. [would have the channel 20 feet wide so as to include the river in low water, and that would also help to keep the chamlel clear better than if it was wider. The distance from the south hounilary of (ireenock to the 8th conce.;; ion of Culross is 9 1-4 mil!':,. .. I would estimate the probable cost of the work at $1,390. The total acreage of the lots affected in whole or in part is 6,714 acres, of which I would place the value at $101,630, anrl the total benefit of the lands affected at $5,455, and the average cost of the work, eounting the whole acreage of the lot:-; affected in whole or in part, would be 65 1-2 cents per acre nearly. .. Taking the scheme as a whole in both the township of Greenock and ('ulross the work is quite feasible, and would be of great value to the township, as it would thus enable lands to be cultivated that cannot now be cleared up, owing to the river not giving sufficient drainage for surface water. \Yhen these lands are once cleared up, t hey will make excellent gras:-; lands, and would also be good for I'oot:,. \Vhen the lan<<1 would hel'OIlIe !=:omewhat consolidated the land woul(l yield good crops of grain." The above report, although it showed that a most desirable improvement that would add wealth to the municipality was perfectly feasible, was not arted upon, and the Teeswater River flows on now a:::: sluggishly a of yore. Excepting in the rougher lands towards its westerly boundary, there is no township in the county that exhibits greater evidences of the prosperity of its farmers than dops Oulross. Some of its farmers have obtained a provincial reputation in their several specialties, such as Henry and Peter ..\rkell for thf'il' breed of sheep. The author.wouM have made this chapter on Oulro s longer if he could, but after many futile efforts to obtain furthpr facts nnd data about the settlenlPnt and history of the township from those in the township who ('ouM supply the IQ('al coloring o necessary, hp f!Rve it np. and c1o p the ('hapt('r. 13 CHAPTER XXVI. rILLA.GE OF TEEti1VATER.l THE present flourishing village of rreeswater commenced to take form in 1 5(), when the owner of farlll lots os. 15 and 16, on each of the concl's:;ions Ü and {", in the township of Culross, had a SlUyey made of portions of their farlll lots dividing them into village lots. The names of the owners of these farm lots so subdivided were :'Messrs. P. B. Brown, Alex. fiibson, Ira Fulford and Matthew Hadwin. In the preceding chapter it will be noted that two of these lots were first taken up in 1854 by Alexander and Archibald IcIntyre, but who sur- rendered thf'ir squatter's claim, owing to the promise :Mr. Brown gave of erecting a grist mill at that point. The first mill dam was erected by :Mr. Brown in the summer of 1855, and in the fa11 of that year he had a ::;awmi11 started. In the course of a couple of years a grist mi11 also was built and running. The presence of these mills at this early date, with ample water-power, together with the e:;tablishing of a post- office,2 give assurance that a vi11age would develop at this point. In addition to the achantages just mentiol1ed, the site of the vi11age being almost in the centre of the township, made it the "hub" of the municipality, as well a:, an f'xeel1ent distributing point. Like other vi11ages in the backwoods with only a local trade, its growth for years was very slow. [n 1861 a11 jt contained, besidés private dwell- inf!.:', W('1"(' two tore , two ta\l'I'llS and a grist and sawmill, with a wC'f'kly mail service. By 1866 the following industries had been added to the vi11age: A foundry, foundf'c1 by David Fairbairn, ,Jr., a tannery anà a pearl ash factory. rrhe prospect of a railway comjng to Teeswater gave an impetus to the growth of the village. In the strenuous contest throughout the county, jn 1869, as to which railway ,,'as to rpeeive the promised county honus, 'Tpeswater and the township of Culross !it large fought 'The name of the village is derived from the Dame gin'n to the river flowing through it. But who named the stream, or when named. or wh ' so e a 11(>(1 , the author has lWt been able autlwntieally to find out. but it is said to 118ye }wen given b ' one of the snrve 'ors' of tIlt' township who was born near tllf> rin'1' TN'8. in En lan(l. The post-offi<:e was establislwd SeptpmlWl' 1st. l ;j(ì. )[athew Hadwin. lwing thp first postmastpl". 354 RAILWAY BONUS 355 hard for the '1. 1 01"onto, Grey and Bruce HaihHl), and, as may be imagined, the inhauitant; were by no means satisfied when the \r ellington, Grey and Bruce Railway Company obtained the majority of the votes cast throughout the county. Determined to have a rail- way, the question of granting the bonus to the rroronto, Grey and Bruce Company from the township and village wad suggested and (;arried. The township as a whole, including at that time the village of Tee::;" ate!", ga\e a uonu:; of ; .uuo. In addition to this, that part of the township which afterwards became incorporated into the village of Teeswater gave a sectional bonu:; of $5,000, making a total of *4:3,000 received by the railway cumpany. There is no doubt that (he railway has proved the lllaking of the ,ill age of Tceswater, a fact which has justified the granting of such a large bonus. The initial tep ill the construction of the railway, which has had 1 1 eeswater as its western terminus for so many )"ears, was the turning of the first sod at Weston, in October, 1869, by [LU.H. Prince Arthur. '1. 1 he payment of the bonus to this railway promised by the Government seemed to ha'e been delayed somewhat, which prolonged the time of construction, so that it was November l()th, 1 74, before the first passenger train reached Teeswat.er. rrhis 1rnin hronght up a large number of those who were interested in the road, who werc warmly greeted on their arrival, and to whom a ban- quet was given that evening. The number of arrivals was so much in e:\.cc s of the accommodation which could be furnished by the hotels in the village of Teeswater at that dab', that although many of the eiti.æIls hospitably threw open their homes to the visitors, yet many of tlu'lIl :-;Iprt that nig-hl OIl helldu.:-: in the to\\ n hall. rrf'eswater as a separate municipal corporation commenced its existence on the 1st .T anuary, 1875, the by-law authorizing this hav- ing been pa bed by the County Counr'il on .Tl111P 5th, 1874. The first Council consisted of the following mernbprs: Alexander Gibson, fPcve; .T. Fraser, 'T. Rtephens, .T. Rallagh and I. Hadwin, councillors. " ellington Ic Vety was appointcd village clerk, and Thomas 'fc- Kague, viUage treasurer. r n a footnote 1 are to be found the names of thosp who have fined the office of reeve from 1875 to 190(). The basis ]Th{' names of the reeves of the village of Tf'l'8water: A. GihMn, 1:-.í5 '7tì; ,Tas. FraAPr, 1877, '79; T. Shannon, 18í ; T. Stephens, 1S lI, 'Rl, 'R : '90, '91; T. Fairbairn, ] 2, ''36, 'Po7, '88; W. R. 'llhompson, 1tiSJ '8.> '94, '95, '9û; L. .\. Brink, 1'\89, 1900, '01; John Campbell, 1892,' '93; Dugald Stewart, 1897; W. G, Orr, 1898; D. DonaldAoll, IS99; S. R. Brill, ] !)()2: Peter Purv('A, 1903; D. PergnAoll, 1904, '05; W. .J. Hardy, 190fì. 356 SCHOOLS of bettlement between the township of CuIross and the newly incor- porated village of Teeswater, arrived at at the time of the separa- tion, regarding the apportionmC'llt of assets and liabilities, was based upon the assessment roll of 18ì4 in the proportion of 31/34s. for the township, and 3/34s. for the \'illage. This resulted in the village receiving at that time from the tOWIl:3hip $120 of funds for the cur- rent year in the hands of the township treasurer, and $281 of sink- ing funds raised on account of the sectional honus .Jo the railway. On the other hand, the village undertook to pay, by way of sinking fund and interest on its share of the $38,000 railway bonus deben- tures annually, the sum of $103 for ::5inking fund, and $135 for interest, until the maturity of the debentures. The village also gave a debenture to the township for $1,300 for the township's share in the real estate known as Edmunds Square. 8ince the time of separation the village has undertaken extensive local improvements, which called for issues' of debentures as follows: For water works, $9,000; for public park, $1,500; for granolithic sidewalks, $7,847; for additions and repairs to water works, $1,550, and Arscott loan, $2,000. The town hall dates back to the days when it was the township hall of CuIros;:"!, it having been erected before the village and town- ship separated. The present fine school building is the third the vil- lage has possessed. The first was erected about 1858, and was also the first building of its kind in the town hip of Culross; its site was on lot 34, north of Elora Street, but the building has long ceased to be. It has been described as a square log building with a cottage roof. A description of the interior said: The teacher's desk occupied the north end of the ôehool-room. Facing this were two rows of long desks with an aisle between; there were a Iso aisles between the desks anrl the east awl west waDs. r n thp e aÜ:lf' were low benches, on which the ï::maller scholars sat. Peter Clark was the first teacher, a position he held for two and a half ypars. He was sucrpeden h - a )f r. Gordon. who came from Whitby. The second school building was a fine stone structure that afforded ar('ommodation for three departments. The cost of this building was about $2,000. The present school building was erected in 1878 at a cost of about *6,000. It is built of white brick and is of two stories in height, with a mansard roof, and has provision for four departments. Another municipal asset, and one that shows wise prudence and forethought, is the system of water works installed for fire protection. It wa:;: in ] RR9 that this pnhljr utility was C"onstruetei1. costing- the CHURCHE 357 town about $9,000. After being in use for sixteen years it was neces- sary (in 1905) to spend some $1,550 for repairs and imprm,ements. The cost to the town has been more than made up indirectly by the reduced rates of fire insurance premiums, as well as in prevention of :fire loss. The public park, purchased by the town in 189b at a cost of $1,500 is another possession that the ,illage may contemplate with satisfaction. :More and more the necessity of puhlic grounds of this description is being felt, and future generations will be pleased to have this space for purpú:-,('s of relaxation and amu ement. The first minister that is said to have held a public religious .scr- vice at Teeswater wa the Rev. A. Bradshaw, of the Episcopal )Ieth- odist Church, who was stationed, in 1 55, at Kin<:ardine. In 1856 the Rev. William Iaiden:o: ,vas settled at Teeswater. H was the :first minister of that denomination in the village. His early successors were the following, in the order lla med : Rev. J. Davey, Rev. J. L Collins, and in 1tjGO Rev. .T. H. Hilts. a man whom the author remembers with resppct and appreciation. :;\fr. Hilts was a good e"\ample of a type of backwoods prea('her of half a century ago. His Christian zeal, sound grasp of evangelical truth and forceful expres- ..ion of tJl(' same. e"cll f'd all defect, arisin:;r from the lack of a eollege training. The \r esleyan \lethodists also entered this field at an early date. Their first settled minister was the Rev. Thomas Hadwin. lIe was stationed at Teeswater ill 1856-1857, and was succeeded by thp Rev. Ed. allows, and he by the Rev. William ::;utton. The present Ieth- odist Church at Teeswater was erected in 1879 at a cost of ahout 5,500. As early as 1856 the Free Church Presbytery of London sent the Ilev. John Scott to minister to the spiritual needs of the Presby- tr>rians in the vicinity of Teeswater, following this up by sending other ministers. As a result a congregation was organized, which proceeded to erect a place of worship. AU this was before the end of the ":fifties." The Rev. \dam )IcKay was the first minister. His pastorate lasted from 1R62 to 1870. In the la t-mentioned year the congregation divided, part continued to worship in the old church, which then became known 8S Zion Church, with the Rev. Peter Currie as its minister. The seceding part of the original congrega- tion worshipped for about a year and a half in the town hall, and then erected a church building that bore the name of Westminster Church. 358 PRE BYTERIAN CONGREGATION rrhe .Hev. D. \Vardrope was the pastor of this congregation from 18.,1 to 1R86, and the Rev. .1 ames \lalcohn from 1888 to 1905. During the ministry of the last-mentioned clergyman the two congregations became united. They now worship in the old church building, which at present bears the name of Knm.. Church. The Rev. D. Tait is at prt':-,pnt the minister over the united congregation. rfhe author is plf>ased to be able to im;ert here an account, which appeared in the Tee:m ater .J.Yezcs J written by James Ueid, that vividly tells of the early life of the Presbyterian congregation, and of other incidents of pioneer days, as follows: .. Your correspondent came to Cult.oss in :-5eptelllber, 185-1. In the summer of 1855 some twelve of us met at the corners of Samuel \" ood's lots on the 8th concession, now owned by 111'. Dayi(l j[cDonald, to consider about purchasing a plot of ground in which to bury our dead, and on which to erect a church in which to worship God. Thu::;c south of the river overruled those north of the river, and it was agreed to purchase two acres on the 4th concession from 1\11'. Thomas :Kicholson: for the smn of $-10. This is the site of the present Teeswater cemetery. At the bame meeting some one inquired if there was no one present who knew of any minister whom they knew who could be written to and asked to give us a sermon or two, as we werf> getting hungry, not haying llf>ard a serlllon for nine or ten months. Alex. Graham, who lived on the 10th concf'ssion, where the Henderson family now lives, said he would write to Hev. .J ohn B. 1V[owat. of Niagara. who came in September of the same year, 1855, and preached in )fr. Gibson's shanty, that being the only place at the time where a meeting could be held. This was the first sermon preached in Teeswater by a Presbyterian minister Aftpr this Rev. .J ohn Ros , of Brucefield, preached a few times. The e two men advispd us not to put up the church on the 4th con- l"t:> sion, but to put it .where the vilhlge was likely to he. In the spring of ]856 James Reid put up his fir:st house, expecting his mother and brother from the province of Quebec, but as they did not come he lived on in his old shanty, and his house was used as a church during the SUnllllPrs of 1856 and 1851. The Presbytery of T ondon, of which Rev. John Scott was moderator, sent up a preacher now and then during these years to keep us alive until better times came. \mong those who visited us then were \Yil1iam Clark, who .was an elder and catechist; Rev. Donald 1IcI.ean, who waR for a time stationed at )lount Forest, and Rev. John :l\fcM:illan, of Fingal, who was after- warò also many years in l\Iount Forest. In October, 1857, the Pres- PRESBYTERI _\NS 359 Lytery ,.;put up Hev. Alex. ï oung and .Mr. ;::;utherland, two powertul preachers of the Gospel, and the::;e two dispensed the sacrament of the Lorù"::; :::;upper for the first time in Culross. .Mr. \oung preached in English in the housc, and Ir. ;:;utherland in Gaelic in the barn. Thi::; solemn feast was oLserved in the good old way-four days preadlÎng-on Thur::;Jay, :::;aturday, unday and )Ionday, the last Leing a day for the giving of thanks. On Thursday it was found nel:e:O:::i3ry to have elders appointed for the ;::;abbath 6ervices, so the ministers asked )lr. Gibson whom he would recommend. After some consideration he named .r ohn h:Donald and Hugh IcVonald, both from the th concession, and Hector )IcKay, the eatechist, who lived 011 the t th concession, where rrhomas Ho::;s now Ii \ c::;. The last-named preaeheJ. in Gaelic to the people living in the region known as the \lps. In tho::;c days there \H1S a much clearer line between the church and the world thall there is at present. )Iany of us now ask, 'V here i the church tor which our for('father died. rrhe 5abbath at l're ent ha, be('omp a day of busine::::s, pJea llrf' anù toil rather than a day of worship. During the times of the c cummunion services in the early fla}s .Jth, U>05. Another honorable citizen of Tepswater now passed away was . W. R. Thomson. He commenced business there about the end of the seventies as a cooper. Possessing a keen business instinct and nbun- dance of energy, he developed a large lumber manufacturing business, exporting largely to England of his products. The name of S. R. Brill is one largely known in the dairy world, THE PRESS 361 the l:reamery he established at Teeswater being one of the first, ü not the first, in the county. L. A. Brink, the present postmaster, has been prominently con- nected with Teeswater for the last thirty years, filling the office of reeve and county commissioner, and has been called upon to fill other re5ponsible positions by his fellow-citizens. As a produce merchant he had done much to make Teeswater a good grain market. 'rhe Teeswater News, the local paper of the village and township, was first issued in 1874, G. rr. Hagyard being the publisher and editor. Since that date it has passed through the hands of Thomas Fairbairn, A. G. Stewart, A. Colwell, Alex. Butchart, and at present i5 under the editorship of A. D. ltlcKenzie. In the fall of 1901 an effort was made by those owning lands within the village, used solely for farming purposes (which amounted to 187 acres), to have the same detached from the village and attached to the township. R. E. Little and Charles Thomson supported the petition brought before the County Council. This body passed the required by-law, which, however, the arbitrators pointed out, was void, as the lands to be detached reduced the area of the vi1lag-e below that specified by statute. Like many villages in this section of the province, Teeswater has felt the. repressive effect of a railway monopoly, and hopes for 8 future when it may enjoy the privilege of competitive railways, and thereby brin an era of prosperity and progres8 to the villag-e. CHAPTER XXVII. TOWXSHIP OF ELDERSLIE.l .EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF COUKTY VALUATORS. lðïfl. " This township has a large amount of heavy day land, with portions low and wet, also a considerahle amount of swamp. A portion of the town- ship is broken up by the Saugeen River. The largest amount of good land commences at the south-east ..-orner and rqns north-west nntil it strikes the township of :::;allgeen. It is very well watered and has a large amount of mill property. Its average price is $ R.33." EXTRACT }<'RUM THE REPORT OF ('ou:r-:T\." Y ALUATORS, Hìlll. " Elderslie is a fair average township, with very little, if an ., waste laud. It is wen water d; good buildings and orchards are the rule. There are three railway Htations in the township, namely, Paisl y, Chesley and Dobbinton. The large swamp in the centre of the township is being cleared up and it will not bè long until it all becomes good grazing land-. T.nërè are a few stiff claJ" secÜons that take down the average somewhat, and we might say is the only serious drawback to the township. The .Saugeen River breaks a por_ ion of the township towards the "ôuth-west, as also do.es j,he .T_ w.ater, River. The rate lier acre for this township is $3 .'jO; or thi's a1110ùkt Hie village" prOli rt.Y i6 equal tó 3-:1: cents pel" aere. El derslie..L e ceíve r there they had to pursue the rest of their journey altogether on foot, following the course of the river. Being satisfied with the location where tile sixth concession crosses the north branch of the Saugeen River, they, after doing enough work to secure for themselves a squatter's claim, returned home, to return ill the fol1owing month with necessary supplies. The families and effects of these men were brought into the bush in May of the following year. The first stage was by team from Chatsworth to Hanover. There a raft, 12 x 30 feet, was con- structed, and on it the families and their belongings were placed. It took two days to complete the voyage. A shanty, about sixteen feet square, was put up that summer, in which both families Jived. \bout a year and a half later Mr. Lyons again placed his famil." on a raft and floated down to Southampton, where he engaged in saw-milJing. PnfortnnateJy he was burned out, when lJe then returned to Eldcrslie. The first shanty these men erp('t d was utilized as a schoolh use, the first in thf' township, the teacher bplDg MrR. Thomas P('arc{', 11. RtRter of the present township clerk, .T. f". ){('Intyre. 36U HENRY BROWN mas, 190i. By permission of the editor, an extract from Henry Brown's narrative is here given: .. In the early fall of 185 the '\Titer {Henry -!irown) and a young lllall named Hobert Cochrane walked from Durham to visit their old neighbors, Howe and Orchard, and see the much praised 11e\\ countr}. 'Yith Simon Orduud as pioneer guide we located lots 1, 2 and 3 on the 2nd and 3rd concessions, went home and returned in X oyemher to takt:' possession. Haying got our outfit to \ValkertoIL(at that time containing two stores and a post-office), we made the usual raft and started down stream. That wa 50 years ago, but the mem;rÿ õf that voyage-;till lives fresh in my mind. The river was very low; neither of us had ever been on a raft in our lives before or knew how to handle one. We got stuck on bal\ and fast on stones, and there was nothing for it but to jump into the water and pry the raft clear. Xight found us about the 4th concession of Brant, soaked in ice cold water to the armpits. Our matches had got wet in our pockets, but luckily our powder was dry, so with the gun and some batting from a corner of a quilt we soon started a fire and dried ourselves, made a bed of brush and each of us rolled in a blankpt. \V e w nt to sleep and awaken('(l in the morning with six inC'hes of snow on top of us. Next day we had better luck, and struck Deer Rapids (so called by the surveyors from the number of deer seen standing in the water to protect them- selves from the flies). By good chance we found the blaze and got to Rowe's at dark, two tired and hungry men. N ext day, with the help of Rowe and Orchard, we raised our shanty, 12 by 14, floored it with split basswood, and roofed it with scoops. This, to the best of my knowledge. was the fifth shanty in Elderslie. Shortly after Cochrane went home and I stayed till midwinter and did my first chopping. \Y olves were plentiful. One night when getting in my wood a pack eame hunting up the river. They killed a deer a few yards from the shanty and kept howling around all night. In the morning I went and looked at the place. Some bloody snow, a few tufts of hair, and scraps of none wa.s all that was left of the' deer. On the whole it was a pleasant two months: with a few good books thl' solitude had no terrors for me. "In 18f) the Clement anc1 others from Holland came and ettled on the 10th ann 11th concessions, and :Ur. Green, Wm. :McBride and the McCartneys from Esquesing settled on concessions ' _\.' and 'B,' south of Paisley. The c:ame year the Gillies family had located a large block on the 6th and 7th concessions, soon followe(l by the Taylors, Blues and other old neighbors from Argyleshire. On the 8th and 9th concessions the :McDongalds, l\f(' X eil . Galbraiths, :Munns, EARL Y SETTLERS 367 Currie and a whole colony of natiH ::; of the i:;laml of Cololl:-ay sl'ttled dear do n to the .Elora roaù. rrhus we see that the Scottish element figureù largely in the early settlement of .Elderslie. 1 have before me the collector's roll for the year 185-1: (issued from Arran, to which we were attached), which unfortunately is the only one of the early record::; to be founù. On it arc G5 name::, and of thé::,c 26 haye the prcth. .. lac;' 11 being lcSeil:5, and many other:; spoke the Gaelic. The collector was an Arran man. There was no assess- ment, the names e\ idently being copied from the agent's book. No as:5I' sor coul(l ha\"e found his way through Elderslie in the spring of t}Hlt year. There wa nothing but the :;uneyor's blaze to guide .you, and if you lost that you \\ ere, too, as lllany a one found to his :,orrow. The roll wa mdcle out in llalifilx currency and the tax Wil:; In :;hiUing:::: .and () pence (equal to $2.10) for eyery 200 ë.lere:;, and $1.05 for e\ery one hunùred acre:5, e\"ery lot being the same ,alue. This roll \\ as returned to the treasurer of Arrall on 23rd of J nue, 1 56. with " not paid" marked against one-half of the names. .. In It'Ì3 [r. Row{' built a commodious tavern of ht'wedJQg on the ite where the Central Hotel now f:tands, which ga\Te ample a,'commo(lation to the rapidly increa:-;in travel, and [r. Valentine hall g"lIt his sawmill running, which enabled the settlers to erect lid tpr huilding . j 11 IH5! the great ru:-::h began. Early in the season the )[cBeaths arrived find Jocated the lands on the east side of the ri\ er. whieh t}W} till ou.upy. \t the ame time Lr. D. Porter nrrÍ\'ed from PetC'rboro'. He took up eight lots, and on his return home ,.:tarteÒ the great rush of Peterhoro' men, the )lcDonalùs, lc(jrf'gor8, Halfour . )f('Laggan . Lillicu..:. Fortunes and others, who settled on the bt, td and : rd conC'ession . :Mr. Porter's old friend, Andrew I )ohbill. folio\\ ed ana took up 1.000 acres arounù where Dobbinton no\\ tan(h;. The an1P year ThOJllib Orehard built thl' first :-tore (JlO\\ ocrupjpl1 by It :"kntt, eedsman) and opl'neù out a gcnpral tl)('k of har,lware, (1ry g()od , grocerief:. etc. That fall the great lan(l :",.1(' at outhalllpton took place, Rnù in the rush l'Vl'f) lot was tAken up. o great was tl1(' numh{'r of tho:,e \\ ho passed through Pai l('\- to .lt1cllfl tIll' land ,nle that in two da\'s \frs. Hilwe cooked ,lllil ;'rvell thl' (.al'("n::::, of an m., while 'fro Rowe attenòed to th{: liqllid portion of tIll' husinp!"f:. Two largC' sugar kett1e . one with bepf and thp othC'r with rotatoe . werl' kept hoiling all thp tinw. Tt was a great strain on thp resources of the Paisley of that day, but as Rowe hacl a good to('I.. \If C'att1p anò a fh'lò of potatoe:; it was silllply a IJ1l1':::tion of killing ami rligging. B ' what deviee the liqlli,l toek lwlò out has alway hpen a 11I001C'(1 <}lJe tion:' Promin{'nt among th()i;;l' wno settled in "Elderslie in 185::J, but 368 NEIL MC omitted in the list giyen by Henry Brown in the foregoing ð.traet, were Donald Me In tyre. for four years reeve of the towfu;hip, and A lexander Elves , a member at one time of the Township Council, now a resident of Paisley, an d Hu h McDoug-ald (lately removed to Owen Sound), who took up land in Elderslie iIÌ 1853. At that time he was but eighteen years of age. ufficient work to establish his claim to the lot was all he did at first. His actual settlement dates from 1856. \..t the age of sixteen he worked for his uncle, Donald Currie, in ;:,augeen. He relates that while there he on one occasion went to Southampton for a supply of flour, which he purchased of James Calder. Shouldering his load, he followed the blazed path through what is now the village of Port Elgin. Halting at .. Lochboie " :McLean's tavern to rest he met Peter mith, who noticed that the load was too much for the lad, so good-heartedly he shouldered it himself, in addition to his own similar load. Of the crop of wheat )lr. 'IcDougald grew in 1858 he sold enough at 50 cents a bushel to pay that year's taxes, holding the rest until 1859 (" starvation year "), when he obtained $2 a bushel for it. :Mr. McDougald for seven years held the position of deputy reeve of Elderslie. Another prominent man was John McDonald, who, as councillor and reeve, sat in the Township Council for nineteen years. It was in April, 1855 that he took up his lot, No. 34, concession '(. His son William, publisher of the Chesley Enterprise has followed his father in obtaining municipal honors, and was warden of the county in 1905. This list of early settlers we close with an example of fortitude in enduring the hard- :,hip of dearing a farm in the hackwoods. X eil :\h1l1n, in 1855, moved with his wife and family from Esquesing to Eldel'slie. Upon arriving at Paisley their trials began. There was no bridge over the Saugeen, and they had to cross the river at Rae's, to take the round- about way to their land on the 6th concession. One of the horses of the team they had engaged to bring them and their effects up from Erin village broke its leg at the" Hog's Back," ,,-hile near the enù of th(.il' jonrn('y. }t'Ì their progress was ycry much ,h'layed 1JY thè acei- dent, and the final stage rendered yery laborious. 1\1rs. )Iunn was obliged to carry her young son all the way in her arms. From the time of reaching their new home until 1860 Mr. ann Irs. '\funn steadily and patiently applied themselves to the duties of r.learing their farm and rearing the little family growing up around them, but in that year a heavy stroke of affliction fen upon the household when 1r. -:\1 unn was paralyzed by a tree falling upon hÜ: hack while FLORA ROAD DEVIATION 369 working in the bush. He survived the accident for fourteen years, but was a bedfast cripple until he died in 1814. Irs. )Iunn bravely and successfully shouldered the responsibility of carrying on the farm and supportmg the family after the accident, battling with Christian fortitude against great odds until relie, eù by the assistance of her growing sons. At the time the piollepr settlers of Eldcrslie entered that township there was no road nearer it than the Hurham road, running ea.s;t and west through the southerly part of Brant. in the ummer of 1::;31 (a llott-d ill ( hal'ter \'.) the ('ro\\n Lë1lHl::- otlil"er asked for tenders to cut a road, which they called the Durham and outhampton HmH1. through to the houndary of Elderslie. \ ery little more work to improve the roads was done until 1 54, when the Bureau of Agricul- turp. which had assumed the duty of seeing after the construction of colonization roads. proposed a scheme, alluded to in Chapter V., which would give ":Eldprslie the Elora l:{oaù anù one along its southerly boundary. The Elora Hoad, as originally plauned, enterpd the county at its south-east corner, and passed diagonal1y through Carrick to the corner where the four townships of Carrick, Culro5s, Brant and Grecnock. join, thence northerly along the houndary hetween the townr;;hips of Brant ann. Greenock, Elderslie and "augeen. Tl1e sur- veyors \\ho laid out Brant and Elderslie must haye n'ported to the departnu>nt the difficulties of eonstructing a road on the boundary of the townships near the point where the f)'eeswater and the Saugeen unite. Thcse views being accepted by the department, .T. R. Price, rOll1missioner of Crown Lands, wrotp to George )[('Philips while he \\as engaged in makillf!' the survey of .Elderslie, undcr date of .July 14th, lR51, as follow : "PrpviouR to surveying the river, mark out a linp for a road from tlH' rear of Rrant to the augeen River in Elder- slie, in thl' general dirpdion markl'd in red on the accompanying skptcl1, selecting the nest site for bridges over the ,[ ud River and Rivcr Saugeen, and making the n('c('s ary sinuosities to avoid hills and "'nmp . The line is not to he thl' houndar)" of th,. lots. but you will (lpdnd the area of a rond, on(' chain in width, from the C'ontents of the loh it passes over." Almost simu1tò ElorR. Road. hut in Iin(' with the road laiò 011t hy \11'. ){cPhilips aR above. ,Yhf>n the Bureau of Agri('u1turp took up the conr;;trudion of colonization rOAds. ancl possihly unaware of thr F1ur-' : 70 MUNICIP AL LIFE ,-eyor"s report, it announced the Elora Ruaù as per original plan. It i but a fair inference to :::iuppose that when David Gibson surveyed it he saw the reasonableness of accepting the road alreaJy cut out, \\ hich has since been known as the Elora Road. The early municipal hfe of Elderslie is a blank until the y ar It')54. Prior to that year it was nominally a part of the municipality of the united townships in the county of Bruce, as referred to at length in Chapter 1 Y. In 1834 Eldprslie was united to Arran for municipal purposes.! It was in this year the :first assessment of the towll hip was made, which, as equalized by the County (iouncil, amounted to t ,03 . On t:;eptember 20th, 1855, the United Counties Cmuwil passeù a by-law dissoh-ing the union of I lderslie to Arran, to come into effect on January 1st, 1856. Thomas Orchard was the returning officer at the fir t municipal C'lertion. The polling booth was at Rowe's tayern, Pai ley. The names of those elected as council- 101':0: were: George " illiscroft. Charles Ginty, John Gillies, Robert Fale-oner and S. T. Howe. These at their first meeting, as the law wa then, elected :s. T. Howe as reeve. George C. Urquhart was appointed township derk; Thomas Orchard, township treasurer; ] )ollald 1Ielntyre and John HC'u<1erFon, auditori3, and Hugh )( ('Dougald, and Samuel Scott, a se !'or... The total financial l"\.penditurC' mane h thi Council for the year 1 56 was (ml.v fl07 1-1:-:. 1 l-'2d. In a footnote 2 are to he found the m1I1lC''' of the yarious rl"e'e of Eltlerslie. \..n examination of \ppeDlli :\f will enable the reader to see tIle' relatiyc tanding and dpyt'lopment of Rklerslie with neighboring townships in their early days. The )1 unicipal Council of Elderslie has during half a C'entury guided the affairs of the township with a wise hand. Among other matters, the drainage of tlw swamp in the (('ntre of the township was w\C'ognized to be fI ll('c('ssity, so a early as 187 dehC'ntures were issued for anout $2.noo to prosecute this work. This was supple- melltei1 in 188::J-R4 b ' two other issueR of debentures, one for $4,474 and the other for $2,100. "nen the Rtratford and Lake Huron Rail- way al=;kpd for a bonus, the Council submitted to the ratepayers a hy-Iaw authorizin the j ue of debentnreR for $45,000 to ain the pro- ]See Appendix F. . :! ames of thf' yarious 1'C('H'f; of Elf1el'slip: S. T. Rowe, 18;')6; .Tohn Gillies, 1857 to 1873; Ar('hibald Ewart, 1874, '75, '76; Henry Brown, lS77, 'i8, ' 5, '86, '87; George Thompson, 1879, '80, '81, '82, ' 3, '84; Donald ::\[('Tntyre, 1888, '89, '90, '91; .Tames Shouldice, 1892, '93, '94, '9.'5, '96; .Tohn )f('Donald, 1897, '98; D. "X. }\IcIlltyre, 1899, 1900; .Tames Clements, 1901, '02; Da, id ){cBeath. 1903, 'O-l; George McKay, 1905, '06. ('HOOLS 371 ject,l whidl was carried by a majority of I I. In 18" 5 the to\\ nship gave a muni ipal C'pntre to the to\\ nship h}' the erection of a township hall on lut 15, eonces:-;ion 6, at a cost of nearly $ ,OUO. The Township Council has been aideu in it:; efficiency by its officials, who deserve to have their names remembered, for they ha\e done their part faithfully in attending to the busilles of the township. 'fheir names are given in a footnote. 2 Elder:;lip plumes itself on having paid off all deben- ture indebtedness, and also in that no licenses for the sale of liquor are issued within the township. The first school ill the township was openeù in Itl53 at Lockerby, and 'nl taught by )ri :-- 'ldntyre (afterwards )Irs. Thomas Pearce).3 In l-d mills. In 185U they had a sawmill started, and in 1 60 a small grist mill was in operation. In 1865 a few building lots of a quarter acre each, situated on each side of the side road, were sold on the easy terms of twenty dollars apiece. con- ditional upon immediate occupation, which condition secureù the commencement of the village. In 18116 the population of Chesley t;ollsisteLl uf the fullo\\ iug nanwd and their famil ies : Â.;:;. Elliot, miller: .T. H. Elliot, ston'keeper: .101m Cameron and 'Villiam Ross, IThe name Chesley was given to the post-office '" ithout an.' regard to the wishes of the people of the locality being shown by the Post Office authorities. Solomon ClH'sley an erstwhile official in tlw Indian Offi('e, is he whose name is "resPITed in the name of the "i11age. 2Adam Scott Elliot, the founder of Chesley, was a nativf' of Ho" ick, Scotland. He was but nint' years of age when his parents emigrêl.ted to Canada in lSl f i, alol1g with their family, and settled in tlw count . of Lanark. In carl.'- manhood }w ellgnged in farming and milling. As early as lR.J3 hf' ,isit{'d the count.v of Grey .with the thought of settling there, hut did not carr " ont the idf'a until 18.36, wl1f'n he purchased propcrt.'- in Sullivan towllship and huilt tlH're a saw and gl"ist mill. rn 1Rfí8 he pUf(.hasl'a thl' land whieh forms part of the pl'esent site of th(' ,-illagf' of ('hesh'y. In 1 S(it\ he sola out his Chesley business to his son, .10hn H., and movëd to \\ïlliamsford, in the count)' of Gre '. In later years he reh11'ned to Chesley, .where he passed awa -, .Tuly 3rd, lS99, in his ninety- second year. He ,,-as married to .J anet Halliday, and haa a family of ten children. Active and enterprising, hI' was a successful -business man. In religion a staunch Presbyterian of the old school; kindly of heart, he did much good. C'h('sley has eyeQ" reason to be prour1 of thl' man who was its founòer. 374 J. H, ELLIOT 375 storekeepers; J Ohll Dobbie, blacksmith ; John t;hea, shoemaker, and )lartin Schruder. A census taken the following year gives the popu- lation as but sixty persons. rrhe little village made but slow growth at first. \. plan of the survey of village lots made in the summer of ]8ü shO\\s only tel] hOI1 (, Oil tilt' \\(':4 sidl' of [ain Street, three on the east side, and seven other houses scattered about, making t enty in all'-besides the saw and grist mill. :::;uch wa the e.Üent of deyelop- ment attained by Che:;ley ten years after its beginning, It was in ] S(j,-; that ,T ohn 1-1. Ell inti pUI'('hasNl his father':; property at Chl' ley l.r. H. Elliot was born at Smith's Falls, Lanark County, in 1836. He moved, with his parents, to near Chatsworth. wher!' they established wh:lt was known as Sullivan IilIs, and in 18':; came with his father to Eldersli{' and laid the foundation of Chesley. They started a sawmill and grist- mill, and Mr. J. H. Elliot soon became famed far and near as a first-cIa!'::"> miller. He also started the first store in Chesley. When 1Ir. Elliot surve."ed his lands into village lots he did not reser e evcry other one for himself, as a selfis.hly-inclined man would have done, but sold th('m at $ tJ each, and gave buyers as long as they chose to pay for them. The 30th side-road was at that time in an almost impassahle condition, and to tIle impro\ ement of this road :\lr. Elliot de\'oted his attention, ;wd to him more than to any other man is due the credit of transforming the fore t road, through frog pond and boggy ground, into a highwa.,' which to-dB:'- is one of the leading roads of the county. At this time all goods had to be teamed from Paisley to Chesley, and 8S this ga\'e th(' bnsim.ss ml'll of the former town a decided advantage o\'pr Chesley merchánts, the l'OUl- merC'ial life of this place was threatened. :\[r. Blliot S8\\ the crisis, anf! when the opportullity arose he threw his whole en erg." into the railway projeC't and was a leader in the strngglf' to have th{' J.,:lke Erie anfl G('orgian Bay dh-ision of the G. 'l'. H. cOI1-;truch'd from tratford to Wiarton. .1. H. Blliot assisted a gn.at m ny men in their busiIlt's<.; venture::., and t!wr,' wns sl'arcely a bnsinl'ss mau in the village, t'sl'eC'iall:,- in thf' early days, who wa not indebted to him for nssist:lJlI't' rendl'red, )fr. Elliot not only elH:ouraged others to Heet huilòings. hut h(' built many himself. '['wo grist-miJIs, OIlt' of \\ hiC'h is tIlP presl'nt large mill. two sawmills, and scores of housl's \n're built at his exp('nse and under his personal supprvision. J[p \\:18 one of tll(' 1'0Jllpan:y that huilt the town hall, took shares in and strongly advocatl'd the erection of thp C'lulÎr factory_ ami was a JeaùiIlg spirit alliOIlJ,! those who t'Il,'ollragt'd the locating of the furniture f:u.tory tlH're. It would be impossibll' to givl' in detail the industries that he assisted in Chl' lpy, suffice it to Sa'" that what,'vt'r was for the advancement of Cheslev \fr. .T. H. Elliot' could ah\a)"8 b' countpd on to give it his acti". sUPI ort. His private int('r(\,<.;t8 were a se<,()ndary consideration where the welfare of the village was concernl'd. It is not surprising that olle who had Ll>('n su<,h a puhlie b('n('Ía<'tor should hoW a warm pla('1' in thp hearts of the }1I'ople. Befort.> this village was incorporated hI' had been elpcted deput.\' reen' of El(lerslip." and when Chesley was incorporated as a village, in 1879. 11t' \\ as plp('Ìl'd hy acclamation as the first reeve, at the ell'l'tions in .January of the following year. H,> occupied this position for cleven years, nnd bt'fort> retiring was honored hy his fellow connt) C'ounciIlor II." lwing eh()qcn warùen of BruC'e Count.'. r. "Elliot carried on for eightl'pn ."ears a private' hank )l{'rf'". known as .T. n. Elliot &, Co. Xor "as it only in material prosl'l'rit)- .J. H. )':lliot was anxious to s('e this villagl' progress; everything that tt'nded to thp moral and rI'IigioH! life of th(' .>ommunih' h:l(l his a<'ti\"(' sympath:,' and support. Mr. Elliot's (')111 ('amp 'fay lIth, 1901. If(' was 376 CHESLEY IN 1870 and proceeded to have a survey made of village lots. It was in the same year that a post-office was opened in the village with Mark }lcManus as postmaster. Up to this time all mail matter was obtained at Scone, and Sconeville was the name Chesley was known by. A resident of Chesley writing about the village in the winter of 1 .0-1, said: ., \r e have got one of the best oatmeal and flour mills in the ('ounty, m'llll'd by )1 r. Elliot. a cabinet factory, a shingle factory, three first-class general stores, two blacksmith shops, two waggon shops, two first-class hotels, kept by Messrs. McGaw and Adams, two cooper shops, one shoe shop, a tannery, a limekiln, and last but not least a skilful and obliging physician in the person of Dr, George Cooke,l .N or are the intellectual wants of the people neglected, not hy wa ' of preaching, however, for sermons in Chesley art> like angel's visits, few and far between, but by way of lectures under the auspices of the Chesley Literary Association," In October, 1875, another resident, in describing the village, after reporting the above-mentioned industries, increased somewhat in number, adds to the list a pottery, a brickyard, a sash and door factory, and a woollen mill operated hy T. l. Chase. Ill' mention:-: two churches-the Canada Presbyterian, with the Rev. John Bethune as pastor; the other a Baptist church, then without a pastor. " We have about five hundred inhabitants, but have no school-house," he adds, in closing. IÞ . Imrviveù hv his widow anù fin> tl:tughters. 'fhf' funeral was large and rl'presentaÚn', hoth town al1(l l'oulltr ; people heing anxious to show the last mark of respect to one broad in sympathy and strong in faith, whose aim was to promote the glory of God and the good of man, The village council, on the ocrasion of Mr. Elliot's decease, passed the following resolution: "Resolved, that thiR council feels impelled to express its profound }'egret at the death of :Mr. John Halliday Elliot, who, in company with his fathN, laid down the foundation of this village, and to whose fostering care, perhaps more than to- any other man, is due the credit of its present prosperity. We know that in its early struggle for existence he was the principal, if not the only, promoter of its business enterprises, and at every stage of its growth he was its most constant friend. He was at all times most anxious to rentler assistance to all proper schemes for promoting its welfare, and he has left us a noble example in the many sacrifices he made to improve the material condition as well as the mental and moral welfare of the residents of this village. In him the business men have lost a wise and prudent adviser and the poor a generous friend." -Chesley Enterprise. IDr. Geo. Cooke, a native of Cookstown, Simcoe County, settled in Chesley in 1866, and was for many years one of its prominent citizens. During the years 1887 and 1888 he was reeve of the village. Dr. Cooke continued the pract!ce of medicine at Chesley for a third of a century, when, owing to failing health, he removed to Toronto. His end came in December, 1903. INCORPORATED 277 The village from the time mentioned in the last paragraph made rapid progress. The prospect of a railwa.Y being run through to the Georgian Bay gave a feeling of security to all efforts made to develop the place. It was on SeptembeI'" 3rd, 1H81, that the first locomotive reached Chesley. In a week from that date the first shipment of freight by rail was made. For some months aft.er this Chesley wa the most northerly station on the line, making it indeed a bus)" little place. The prosperity and development mentioned in the previous para- graph led to the taking of steps necessary for the incorporation of the village. On a census being taken the population of the village was found to be nine hundred and five. On this being represented, along with a petition, to the County Council, it passed, December 12th, 1879, the necessary by-law of incorporation, and appointed D. M. Halliday as the returning officer for the election of a reeve and ('ounci11or , whieh \ras to be held at Kilbourn Hal1. .Just here a hitch occurred which had not been foreseen. The Municipal Act required that such election should take place on the first Ionday in January occurring after the by-law hall been three month in exist- ence. This would throw the first municipal election o\er until 1881. To avoid this the aid of the Legislature was sought, which pa sed an Act l validating an election made on the last )[onday of December. 1879. The following were the councillurs then elected: .T. H. Elliot, reeve; Jas. Halliday, George Stanley, Dr. . B. Gillies and Alex. Ramage, councillors. In a footnote 2 are given the names of those who have filled the reeveship from 1 hbÚ to 1906. Th(> first village clerk was John :McBain. D. :M. Halliday was appointcll trea5urer of the village,S an office he held until his death in 190 t His suc- cessor, 'Villialll \Ie Donald, still holds offic<,. The fiJ' t assessor wa Geo. Husband, who was expected to perform the duties of that office for a yearly salary of ten dollars. ('hl'sl<,y has been broad-minded and liberal in its wi11ingnes to assume financial obligation when the interests of the village at large were concemf'J. The first public indebtedness wa:) assumed '4il Vi('. Chap. 39. 2Names of the r('('ves of ChesI('y: .T. H. Elliot. 18 n. '81, '82, '89 to 189G; H. A. Bonnar, M.n., 1883; George Stn.n]('y, 1884, '85, 'R6; nl'orge Cooke, r.D., 1 7, '88; J. M. Stewart, :M.D., 1897, '98, 'P9, IPOO, '01; W. A. Crow, D.D.S., 1!-)()2. '03, '04; Conrad Krug-, 1905, '06. 'The salary fixNl fOT both the clerk and trea urer was but $ .í 1"'1' n.nnn . 378 DEBENTCRES in 1 7b, when the first school-hou:::e was built. To accomplish this $1,650 was raised by the sale of debentures. In 1878, when the first bonus was asked for by the Stratford and Georgian Bay Railway, Chesley, as part of the town;:-,hip of Elderslie, "\oted that $35,000 be given as a bonus. l In 1879, when the railway came begging for a second grant, Chesley in response a:5::mmed a sectional indebtedness of 10.000. The next deht contracted" a:3 Ül 1888; thi:;: was for the purchase of a steam fire-engine at a cost of $5,200. The deci ion to ert-'d the l'rt-':-ent ,.:chool-hou:,e in 1öÐÎ-8 ealled for the issue of l.).OUU worth of debenture:,. In ] 900, and in each year since, dehentures have lwen issuel1 to pay for local improvements, such as granolithic sidewalks and se.wer:5. The aggregate of debentures so issued up to time of writing, siÀ years in all, form a total of $31,4-H. Large as is the debenture indebtedness of the municipality, the vi11agers would not recall this expenditm'p, as it has been wisely and prudently invested for the good of the public. .\:' 1llpntio!ll'll in a J)1'('\ ion,.: paragraph. up to 1815 (and for a year later. in faet) ('IlC',.:h'y was without a sehool within its own limits. The following .fad:- regar1ling thp h}U:,P of prtucation in C}1('sley are, h - permi:"sion of tIlf' editor. pxtral'Ìec1 from The Cl/f'.<.i7cy Enterprise, souvenir number: .. The ehildren of the ear1ier settler studiefl and recited their If':,.;:nns in an old Jog :'1.11Ool-house 2 :,itnatf'f1 on Donald [('Gr('gor' farm on the second concession of Elderslie, and at least two Chesley matrons have personal recollections of the early school life. When the school became too small the classes were held in the old Presby- terian church on the second conce:3sion, the frame of which was afterwards moved to CI1P,.:ley. a11(l formed the skeleton of the old )Iethodist church. "But Chesley's first, really, truly own school was huilt in lR'ì"6. Thi:- is thl' olll ,.:("hnol-how",:: ;H..l'O": tJw rin'l" whi('h still remains although now used for other than educational purposes. The original building consisted of hut two rooms. and it was much later. when the e quarters became too small, that the addition on the north side was built. This was until lR97 the hall of learning, and around it IT he total of the annual ledcs Chesley raised to pay its share of this bonus aggregated near1 ' $6,000. 2A )Ir. Murray. in 1858. seems to have been the :first teacher of this school. . sThis old building cost $1,650. At least, that was the amount of the c1t'lH'l1tnre i!'l lWc1 to pa ' fnr it. '1 1 ,/"1 CHGO Ch'é-SLEY O/v- , II, lL r r , .- J' t' I 1 , -').. (COllrte8) of l'he8le) ":nt, rpr;", I r. 379 THE :5CHOUL 379 cluster the ;,dlOol-day as:so(;iatÍon::; of most of the present generation. \ralter Hi'll. \\hu taught ill the pioneer sehool 011 .. the ceund," labored here also and ruled, not by the rod, but by moral suasion. \\.)L Atton forced iùeas mto the young minds uy the fre<1uellt application of the taw:je. A. \r. Uobb, of the lralkerton Telescope, urged the children gently but surely alon6 the thorny path of learning. )lr. Cullen succeeded him, but proved inefficient. D. F. Hitehie built up a reputation for the school that caused it to figure frequentl) at the top of the list in Bruce County. It was :\lr. Ritchie who was principal when the school removed to its present commodious quar- ter:::, wherc there are nine class rooms, a teachers' room, a trustees' room aud a large assembly hall. ....\.fter teaching for two years in the new building Ir. Ritchie resigned his position to remove to Owen ound, and H. D. .Mc.Murchy, who had been for four months teacher of the private high s(;hool, was appointed principal in his pla(;e, and the high school was merged in the continuation classes, which became a noted feature in the work of the school.I At first only two high :jchool teachers were employed, but a third was subsequently added." In 1 03 an effort wa::, made to have Chesley made a high :::,chool di trict, \\ hich "as acceded to by the County Council. and the requireù uy-law was passed in January, 19U-1. The Chæley school huilùing 2 ranks as the most complete and up-to-date of any in the county. \Yithin its walls are accommodated both the public and high schools. The present principal is James T. Luton, '1..\., who i doing eÀcellent work. Chesley of to-day has indeed right to be proud of its school. The church life now centred in Chesley commenced to take form in the locality of which it is now the ccntre in thl' SUlllmer of 1859, when the TIe,. \..lex. tewart, a Baptist minister stationed at Durham, preached in the hou ,' of \ rchihald )[d1rcgor. In :-O:eptcmhel' of that year a congregation was org:mizl--d which formed part of a charge that comprised DurhalU anù Hanover as well. O\er this ",idel} e"\:tpndeiJ charge the Rev. 1f r. t('wart ministcrl'(l. Lacking a church building the congregation at Chesley held 8ervices in the school- IR. C. H dliday, of the Chl's]ey PubJic choo], had till' hOllOI' of being till' first puhlic school studt'nt to ('\'(>1' gain a f\('hola hip in tIll' Dt'part- m(,lltal Examinations. which hI' aid in .TIIly. If10 . HI' !'Itoo.l fonrth ill the )lro\'ince. :ErN'tl'd in 1 9j. at a <,ost of :tnollt $l:i,O()CI. 380 THE CHUUCHE house and in public halls until 1875, when a modest church edi:tice was erected, which is still in use. Following close in point of time to the Baptists, the Presbyterians commenced to forlll the nucleus of a congregation afterwards to bear the name of the Geneva Presbyterian Church. The little body of worshippers met for worship in the log school-house which stood on lot 2G, concèbbion 3, of Elder::;lie. Every other Sunday from 1860 for a number of year::; the Rev. Geo. Bremner, the then lately ordained minister at Paisley, conducted the services. At times the village part of the congregation held services in Elliot's Hall. In 1872 a church was built in Chesley, and on Odober iWth, 1874, the Rev. John Bethune was inducted as minister of the congregation. He was succeeded in 1879 by the Rev. John Ferguson, who after a most successful pastorate passed to his reward in 1890. It was while Rev. Mr. Ferguson was the minister of Geneva Church that the present commodious church building was erected,! the opening of which took place January 11th, 1885, the Rev. Dr. Grant, Principal of Queen'::; University, officiating. The Rev. David Perrie was the next minister of the congregation. He resigned in 1894, and was followed in the pastorate by the Rev. E. A. MacKenzie (now filling a pro- fessor's chair in the Presbyterian College, :Montreal), and he in 1900 by the Rev. J. J. Paterson. In 1904 the Rev. R. Atkin"on, the present minister, was inducted, The Associate Presbyterian congregation was organized in 1873. At first it existed in connection with the United Presbyterian Church of the United States. The congregation consisted of two charges, one at Chesley, the other at Williamsford in Grey County. The Rev. Thos. Hannay, D.D., who resided at \Villiamsford, attended, as far as hiR health permitted, to the spiritual needs of the flock. In 1876 the Rev. Wm. Findley was inducted to the pastorate, which lasted for three years, during which the church and manse were built. Then came a long vacancy. In 1889 the congregation was transferred to the Associate Presbyterian Church of North America. The present pastor, the Rev. S. H. McNeel, was inducted to this charge in July, 1890. The Methodists were late in the day in organizing a congrega- tion at Chesley, the date being about 1875. The Rev. W. B. Danard was the first minister. Services were held at first in Halliday's Hall. ITh(> old C'hnrch was sold for $1.000 to th!' Church of England congre- gation. THE PRESS 381 In 1876 the old frame church built by the Presbyterians on the second concession of Elderslie was purchased, taken down and re-erected in the village with the addition of a veneer of brick. This building being too small to accommodate the growing congregation, the present large and handsome edifice was built, the corner-stone of which was laid August 29th, 1898. The cost of this building was about $8,000. Tlip ('11111 ell uf .EuglaJl<.l has not a large congregation at Chesley. At first it held services in Kilbourn's Hall. Then in 1884 it pur- chased from the Presbyterians their original church edifice. After worshipping there for twelve years, in 1896 steps were taken to build, and on August 4th of that year the corner-stone of the new church was laid. This congregation for a long time formed a joint charge with that at Hanover. The settling of a number of German familie5 at Chesley necessi- tated the forming of a congregation in connection with the German Evangelical Church, which in 188'1 built the neat looking edifice in which they worship. The press, as represented by The Chesley Enterprise, made its bow to the public in the early part of 1877, R. H. Sped ding being the original publisher. Since he ceased to be the proprietor of the paper it has passed through the hands of the following: J. B. Stephens, Wm. Kay, A. W. Robb, Adolph & McDonald, and is now edited and published by Wm. IcDonald. 'Vhen Adolph & :McDonald dissolved partnership (1893) the latter continued to publish The Enterprise, and the former, John Adolph, started The Free Press, which existed for about five years. In 1902 The Enterprise did itself credit by publishing a souvenir number, in which the story of Chesley. past and present, were ably told and delineated. The author wa:-: courteously permitted by Mr. McDonald to make use of anything therein which might add to the interest and val up of this history, which offer has been gratefully accepted. _ The growth of Chesley has ariscn in a large measure from its manufacturing industries. 1.'he first of these were the mills built in the fifties by A. S. Elliot. The grist mill as it now stands was built by J. H. Elliot and Alex. Ramage in 1875. \.t that date it wa<.:. tlH' 1II0 t completp mill of it kincl in thi ai trict. Even to-day there are only two or three in the whole county to be compared with it. TIl(\ K rug Rros.' furniturc factory i a largl} inòuRtry that adds greatly to the output of Chf'sll'Y's manufactures. Commcncing in 382 THE "BIG JJ FIRE a modest way during the eighties, the business. has now a market extending over the Dominion. In 1884 Stevens Bros. started a plan- ing mill that has. continued to increase year by year. D. Stevens is the present proprietor. The first banking institution to open business in Uhe5ley was a private bank known as that of Hay Bros., J. :UcBain, manager, After being in business for a few years they were bought out in 1879 by J. H. Elliot & Co., this latter firm being composed of J. H. Elliot, D. M. Halliday and J. McBain. Continuing to do a profitable busi- ness for twenty years, the firm sold out to the Merchants Bank of Canada in 1899. The first chartered bank to commence business in Chesley was the Bank of Hamilton, which opened a branch there in November, 1889. J line 9th, 1888, is a date that will be remembered in the history of Chesley as that of the great fire. At the time it certainly looked like a crushing blow, but it has proved rather of the nature of a blessing, in that the burned-over tract has been rebuilt with a hand- somer class of buildings than were there before. The stranger enter- ing Chesley from the south and looking down the main street from the top of the hill is struck by the handsome appearance of the busi- ness part of the town. It is unfortunate that the back and side streets do not convey as favorable an impression. treets only forty and fifty feet in width alc not in conformity with modern ideas. These narrow streets are the result of private surveys of village lots, which were not conceived on a broad and generous plan. The. private residences of Chesley are a marked feature of the town, impressing the visitor with a sense of the number of well-to-do people in this commUllity. For many years 'the good people of Chesley were ambitious to have their municipality numbered among the towns of the province. .A census taken in the summer of 1906 revealed the fact that the required number of inhabitants dwelt within the bound:; of the cor- poration. The preliminary proceedings were then completed, and the Lieut.-Governor issued a proclamation erecting the village into a town and dividing it into three wards. The proclamation came into effect on October 1st, 1906. UHAP'llER XÀIX. JiLL.LGE OF P.LJ. LEr.l IN taking up the chapter on the 'hi:::;tory of l)ai:::;ley the author does so with the conseiou:'lle :-: that the <:hronidl':' of the \ iUage have been ahly and well written by \in:::;lcy 'J egra \\. llis wurk appl'areù in a p('('ial edition of the l'aLslcy .Ldroutle. .February ;Wth, 189ù. The press ha written up various plaees in the county at different time , hut no \'iJJage or town ha::; been :,.) fort llnate as PaÜ:ley in having its history \Hittpn :--0 fully, sJstematit:ally and accurately. The \\riting of Pai!':ley"s history was a labor of lo\e to )lr. ll'g1'3w. Paisley is his natin' town, and there he had re iùeù up to the time he compiled his narrative. He had, as it wen', breathed in the histury of the village, and was ellabled to impart to h:û, narratiye the local coloring which it i;:, \ ain for a stranger to try to illlita tf.. )Ir. )leg-raw had also taken great pains to he ae(:urate in his facts. Healizing all thi::; fully, the author wrote to )fr. \Iegraw, and also to )lr. D. .McKenzie, the pre ent publisher of the. LdL"f)("(tle, requesting permi:,:,ioll to ut:e the material Pllblish('d, as above mentioned. From both gcntlcnl('ll a ready and eourteous conll>liance was given. ""}lPre ill this chapter portions are takcn en bloc from 'Ir. )[egraw's narraÜ\'e, credit will be gÍ\-en to the .1dt'om{f. In other case \\ hcre his account i:3 miwd in with fact.s the author hc.1b obtained this may not hp pos!':ible. In Chapter "\ . rl'Ícrence is made to the !,:pttlf'nlt'nt made at Paisley hy its pioneer <.:cttlers, Simon Orchard and Samuel T. Rowe. .\Jthongh in a measure repeating what was there aid, the author feels that the :,tory of the settlement preparpå b.v 1[r. Howe. ,1I1f1 which was pnblish('d in the Port 1 'lgill Timl's, should here appP;H, at least in part. ,[ f'ssr . Orchard and Howe \\ er(' among tll<' pioneer ::ettlers \\ ho took up land in 1R4'2 on th(' Garafraxa !:n,Hl. in the town::hip:o- of Egrpmont and Sormanby. \fter th(' opPlling up of the free grants along the j)urham Road, th(' ' lpêun('d of tlw up('rior quality of the I;:oil in Brant, Rnd Rowe decided to c:ettle there and start a tavern at 'Till' \'illng'1. h('anl till' WIlli" of a ton n ill H..nfr('w lIin'. 1',."tl:lI),1. Hut n lIy tll(, naillI' ('aliiI' tn 1.., lw..towl'd th.' nllth.}r hn!'! lIot I.. "II nhlf' to a s,'prt a í II. 3F:3 3ts4 P AISLEY' PIONEERS _II the locality afterwards known as Gaffaney's Corners, but before he reached the place the la1!-d had been taken up by another. Urchard sold his farm in Egremont, while .Howe rented his on a ten-year lease. During the w te.E... oU 50-51 they teameù their effects to \Yalkerton, ready for the openiug of spring. About the middle of April, 1851, )11'. Orchard brought his family to \r alkerton. Learning of desirable lands located down the river, he decided to try his fortune in that direction. \Vith the heÌp of a hired man, he made a raft of. cedar logs. On this he placed his family and household effects and started, unappalled by the dangers and difficulties that lay before them, on a ,-oyage down the augeen. :;\Ir. Orchard had some information about the land and the appearance of the locality at the mouth of .Mud River, as it was then called. He said he had had a dream about it, and if it were like what he saw in the dream he would stay there, and he wanted to be there first. It turned out, so he found when he arrived, to be just like what he dreamed about. )11'. Rowe was delayed owing to the sickness and death of his son, and was unable to start with :Mr. Orchard. He was also further detained for a few days at \Valkerton, to be "corner man" at the putting up of a two- story log house, owned by his cousin, \Vm. Jasper. \Vhile there, on the first day of :\lay, a foot of snow fell, but by night the log::; were swept and the building raised. :Mr. Rowe engaged William \Valker, 'V. .Jasper, George Neeley and Alex. :l\IcIntyre to build two large rafts ;-'11(1 take him down the river. They started on the 9th day of Iay, and landed safely at the site of what was afterwards to be known as the village of Paisley early that afternoon. The two pioneers were well pleased with the look of the land. Mr. Orchard was satisfied with his choice on the north side of the river, and so was 1\11'. Rowe with his on the south side. l\fr. Rowe's hired men returned next day. leaving the two families with one hirea m;U1 alone in the fore3t, milcti fro.r;n the nearest settler. Mr. Orchard had alrcady erected a good shanty of poles. In three days after the arrival of ::\h. Rowe and family the three men and two women. with the help of o'\:en, put up a large shanty for the newly arrived family. :Mr. Orchard then cut logs for a new house. .\t thi!'- time the party of surveyors under l\[r. (aftprward Senator) A. Vidal, engaged iil the survey of the township of Saugeen, happened to come along, and helped to raise it. This building will be remem- bered as the store that Mr. Samuel Steel occupied for some time. The winter of 1851-52 was a notably severe one. l\fr. Orchard had four cows and }'fr. Rowe fourteen head of cattle to winter that season, with HI MO UH,("II \!tv p.3S3 f'" .JOII' . kDfI'AI.I) 1'. -I 1 '. '.... ------- :";.uln':L T. RO\\"I': , I / / ". 383 , C\I'T. Ih" ...\S 1-tO\\ \ I'. -136 FIR T DEATH 3h5 nothing to feed them 011 Lut tree tops. The two settlers each hired a lllan to chop all winter. )1r. Howe hired his man on the 12th of October. The first snow fell that night. For months it had an aver- age depth of five feet, and was to be seen in the swamps in the follow- ing June; but the cattle got through well. When the ice began to break up on the river )[r. Orchard's four cows came down to the river for a drink, as usual. tanding on the rotten ice, it broke beneath them, and the cows were never ::;een again. In the summer of 1852 )lr. Howe, with the assistancc of hired help, eut the logs and built what was known for years as Rowe's tavern. 1 ts site was opposite the p re::ient T own Hall, and it stood projecting on the street at an angle thereto. Its measurements were thirty by twenty-four, with a lean-to for a kitchen, and another lean-to for a dining-room. The families of the two settlers were separated by the rre eswater River. To o\'ercome this inconvenience one of the first things they undertook was to erect a foot-bridge over the stream. Unfortunately, the next spring freshet washed it away, and for a while they depended upon a dog, which was trained to ::iwim acro:::.s and carry small things from one shanty to the other. In \ugu t, 1851, John Valentine sent two men to take posses:;ion of the mill site which he had applied for at the Crown Lands Office. One of the men, David HOSSl by name, took ill and died during the following month. Owing to scarcity of lumber in the settlement, some of the boar., of thl' C 'un:IIIi:m [dhotlist ('hurch, Intp of \\'nlkprton. nnll a hrotlll'r of Wm. Ross, town c'It'1'I, of Ff'r u8. 14 386 SURVEYS Paisley now stands, and in the lllo th of October, 1851, installed his . family in a little shanty he had there constructed. The Va l entin e sawmill was running in 1852, supplying ::;ettlers near at hand, and abu f lle -distance clown the river with lumber required for build- ing purposes. It was the practice of the last mentioned to raft and float down the river the lumber they purchased. - a )Iessrs. Rowe and Orchard, realizing the possibilities for the de\'elopment of a town on the lands they had squatted upon, were desirous to secure a patent therefor from the Crmyn, and eari y paid into the hands of the Crown Lands Agent! the required amount. But the Department also seemed to have realized it would be lle:-::irable to have a town plot suneyed at the junction of the augeen and Teeswater Rivers; or quite probably there were those who were pulling thewires of political influence to obtain the lands and hold the ::;ame for speculative purpose::;. 'Vhatever was the reason, the Crown patent remained year after year unissued, notwithstanding repeated visits of )Ir. Rowe to the Crown Land Department at Quebec and Toronto. At last the Department ùe ided to have a town plot there laid out, and in 1856 Francis Kerr, P.L.S., made the necessary survey.2 Th e rights of :Messrs. Row and O rchard we r spe d, and patent after patent in their names, issued on eptember 17th, 1856, for village and park lots are to be found entered in the books of the Registry Office. \. plan of this nney was lithographed and published, a copy of this, in the hands of the author, portrays the extent of development attained by the ,'illage in 1856-5.. The plan shows but thirty-six building in all, ðcattered along Queen Street, and thence down Alma Street to Y alentine's mill. In the plan are shown three sawmills, one gri::.t mill, the school-house and Rowe's tavern, besides unnamed buildings. There is no bridge over the augeen, or 'Villow Creek, while the bridge over the Teeswater seems as if it extended from the high bank on the south f'ide. nearly to Church Strept. \.fter leaving the river bank it mOf't probably was a sort of causeway till higher ground was reached. The name of Paif'ley was given to the village when the post-office was opened, February 1st, 1856. The first postmaster was Thoma::. lLant1s in Elderslie were opened for sale, July 30th, 1852. See Appendix .f. The survey was made at the time of the Crime an War. This explains why there is (.ommemorated in th"e nomenclature of the streets the battles, ami the names of English and French generals in command in the Crimea. The suney inehH1ec1 lands in both the townships of Elderslie anc1 Greenoek, with an aereage of 1,500 aeres, consisting of 3181f:! aeres of streets, 1371 mill sites and rivers, and 1,044 acres in town and park lots. When incor- porated the area of the village was reduced about one half. INDCSTRIES 387 o rc:!! a rd. 11(' also was the first nwrd13nt. At the time he opened out his stock of goods it wa in a room ill UU\\e's ta\ern, but in 1854: he built the first store eredeù in the village, occupied sub::;equently for ) ear::; by Hobert ::Seott a:-, a Hour and feed tore. \.s time \\ ore on, "Tradesllll'n and other::; bpgan to make their appearance in Paisley, anù bit by bit the cluster of little shanties in the small patch of clear- ing began to widen out, and the whole to take on the appearance of a town. peaking of tradesmen, 'Ir. Thomas Irving was in tho e days an essential part of the community, and when difficulties of a mechallit..al nature arO::5l', invariahly his aid wa sought. His little workhou::5e on the hank overlooking ;:;tark':::; mill \\ as a veritable curio:,it," ::-:ho1" it \\ a a foundry and a \ratehmaker' shop; everything from a broken-do\\ n printing pless to an old gun or a sick watch, was benefited by his treatment. Long will the mem- ory of his quaint sayings remain, \\ ith the younger people espe- cially" (Pai.o,:ley .1 avocate). The hum of industry early pervaded the \-illagl'. '1']1(' gri:-:t lIIilllmilt hy John Y(ll('ntine in 1855 ",as in opera- tion in 1856. The mill privilege, now known as the Fisher \fill property. was purchaspd from . T. Rowe in 1859, and developed by )[r. David D. Hanna and milling actively carried on. Industries of various descriptions also commenced to develop, such as ::5ash and door factories, owned by .J oseph Christie and the Sinclair Brothers. A tallJ)PJ'Y wa:::; ::5tartl'cl by .J ames Rone, a blacksmith ::;hop by J 08eVh Donald. a foundry hy .1 allies Bradley, who ::-:old out in 18.0 to Laid- law & Robinson; a briel.yard, by "r lll. _\nsiead. Yarious other traùes and profe8sions also began to be represented, so that by the time ten years or so had pa ('ò Paisley presenteù all the appearance of a thri\ ing little vi11agl'. It was in lR5!} that the author paid his first visit to Paisley, to be present at the opening of St. Andrew's Church. 'Villie Rain, a youth of his own age. showed him over the place. The impres!'ions which he ean no\\ reeall refer principally to the ! (}irée at the church the storps of Thoma" Orchard and Richard Dirk, which s('emed mall: \-alpntine.smill : the c:ittpr{'(l appearan<.:e of thf' huil,l iug!'. amI prgi on's hofp/. \\ hpre he put up. The' fì rp in the" irlf' hl"ipk firf'place in thp bar-room, pi]('d high with four-foot logs, gave out a mo t wpl('ome warmth after a long sleigh ride from Kin- cardine. OIlP looks in vain for J::u('h a cheery wood fire in the now almost ùpforpsted county of Bruce. The narratiye of th(' ('hools must be given in 'fr, 1tfegraw's own words: "At a publi(' meeting held on the 5th of 8rptember, 1856, 38 THE LOG SCHOOL HOUSE steps. were taken for the organization of a school unùcr the provisions of the Upper Canada Consolidated School Act. At this meeting Thomas Orchard, 'Villiam McBride and John A. .M unloch were elected trustees, and after a little sparring as to the school site, they decided that the building which they purposed erecting should be built on the centre of lot 11, concession A, and that it be of flatted logs twenty by twenty-four feet inside. Tenders were called for the job, and it was let to John l\lcDonald for $120. ]\fiss Stewart was offered the position of teacher at f50 per annum, on condition that she provide herself with a legal certificate, which offer she accepted. The first levy made to cover school purposes was that of 1::84. )Iiss Stewart's teaching in the public school began in January. 1857, and she taught two years. She was succeeded by Duff McDonald, who only taught a week or so in the beginning of 1859, and then came Daniel. Duff (afterwards the Rev. Mr. Duff, of ]\falcolm), who taught for one year and nine months, viz., 1859 and part of 1860. Fleming laJ put in the balance of that year and the next. "With the beginning of 1862 came :Mr. .J ames Saunders, who was engaged to teach the school for that year for f87. In the beginning of 1863 part of School Section :No.8, Greenock, was added to the Paisley section, and Mr. Saunders' salary was increased to $:380, owing to the extra labor put upon him in teaching and keeping in order the big boys from the gore of Greenock. The interior of that old school is now quite distinct in our memory. It sat about twenty feet or so to the east of the ., Old Brick," which is still standing near the station yard. The do01' was in the east end, facing the road. The teacher's desk was in the opposite en 1. To the left of this desk three long pine desks with benches in rear, ran the full length of the school, with the excep- tion of about two feet at each end to enable the boys to get behind. To the right, in the south-west corner, was a map case, with aU the maps in creation attached to rollers encased in a handsome stained and varnished case, which was attached to the wall by large wooden pins fixed in auger holes in about the sixth or seventh log above the floor. From this frame were a lot of strings with little wooden knots on the end, and by a skilful and mysterious manipulation of these Mr. Saunders could bring out any map he wanted-Ireland, Scotland or the Fiji Islands-and we little folks thought he was a regular wizard. About twelve or fourteen desks about eight or nine feet long, arranged one behind the other, filled up the balance of the space on the right. On the last of these all the big fellows with whiskers sat. "THE OLD BRlCK ,J SCHUUL 3ðU Thiô left a space down the centre about eight feet wide from end to end, and in the centre of this the classes stood. Towards the end of its term the old school began to get demoralized. A big hole in the floor corresponded with another in the foundation, and by a subter- ranean passage the boys occasionally made surreptitious expeditions to · the outer worM. One time the boys took a craze for firing off gun- 1'0\nlt..r, and any little tube, whether wood, iron or bra...:s, that could be got was u...:ed for shooting. Une charge was fixed in a chink of the school, the lllul.zle pointing inward, when a boy was detailed off to ask out, and when outside fire off the shot. The gunner on that occasion, if we remember right, is now Hey. J. Hay, pastor of the Pf(. hytcrian Chun:h at Uenfïew. This oid log school is now (18!W) a staLle on )[1'. Elijah Welsford's farm. ., 1 n .r u ne, 1 t-i()6, t]1(' ('on trnC'Í \\ as ld for building a new brick dlOol. In.r uly, 1867, a "cry rain) [onday, it was opened. Soon an a istant teacher, )liss Lucy .McLellan, was put in the school, and she was lIccccded Ìn 1868 by )liss )lcIntosh, who taught for five years. 11 r. :"\alllldcrs was principal until .r uly, ] 86 ), when he wat; succeeded by )[1'. T. .J. Bell. rr. Saunders was kind-hearted and frank \\ ith hi:-: plll'il:-:. and the writer will neycr forget him. True, he had a little whi p \\ ith a handle about eleven inches long, and a leather lace for a lash about eighteen inches long, with a knot on the end, but it was widùeel with mercy, tor " t lIe was kind, and if severe in aught, The love he bore to learning was in fault. I .. \\ïth Ir. R:-lr aeln'nt, we rl' llelllher. "('gan tilt' work of luggill awl t:!paning up the gl'ouncl lying hetween the 8chool anù where the 1'l't'5cnL railway ..:tation is. for a erit:ket field. [r. Bcll himself was a tìnished cricketer. TIH' boys took kindly to the game, anù under his l'oaching, with practice morning, noon am} night, two years served to dcwlüp a team of oungsters that eould do \r lkerton men up in an inningð. \bout the time that rr. Bell took the behool the Education. Department had i!' nC'd a limit table, and for the first time a fair attplllpt wa made to observe it, but when we consider that the old sfJlc in Yü:.,'1}C before that was to teach reading and spelling as the main thing::-;, and adyance from form to form a8 the pupils became proficjpnt in these, independent of ho\\ much or how little they ne"\\ of other studies, we can pasily see how unpopular a movement for grading would he to one who was in th(' Fifth Book amI could not do 390 SOME OLD ETTLERS short division, perhaps not know the multiplication table up to twelve timcs. There was, however, a general turning back and a considerable amount of howling, but as more stress was put on arithmetic and other studies that, according to the limit table, they were most behind in, the matter began to adjust itself. " The temptation is strong to devote a few paragraphs to the boys of the · Old Brick' who wielded the criek<{ bat in unllner time and did battle with the shinnies when winter came. There were the McBride boys, the haws, Malcolm and Dan; the cotts, the Vances, rhe IcDonalds, the Mahers, the Stodders, Jack Reid, Jim Fitzpatrick, Jack Urquhart, George Nicol, 'Vill IcCalder, Bob McGavin, and who not? There was Jack McCooI,1 too, a raw hoy from the Emerald Isle, who had a hard road to hoe when he first came to the school, but, full of pluck from top to bottom, he fought (not metaphorically, but literally) his way into the heart of his quondam persecutors. :Mr. Bell taught until the end of 1872. During his time the attendance haa increased to such an extent that the tr ustees had tQ grapple wit h the questi OE mo Ilg'f'rs on August 2Rth following. " ith railway communication established. the village grew as nf'vpr of'for('. Tnf:fpaò of witnessin the passing along its main street of strin s of sl(\igh cOllwy1ng grain to h(' markd('<1 at onthnmpton. Paisle . now eouM offer as good a market, with the added ndvantage of ß horter hnul: :m<1. as farmers purchase thf'ir supplies as a rule .... Þ"l., L""1" Q.- 1-LjJ. - / y r-o -r:. L .-L-" - r 9 ,JJ l( L V (? '"- 1: ............ J- li-w. -r / {;" 2... LQ- 3 z INCORPORATI:JX where they sell their produce, eyer'y tradesman and merchant pros- pered in consequence. As can readily be supposed, the population increased, and this led to steps being taken to have the village incor- porated. A census showed that there was 1,038 inhabitants in the village, being in excess of the required number. On a petition for incorporation being presented to the County Council, a by-law was passed, .J une 7th, 1873, incorporating the village and directing that the municipal election be held at Graham's Hotel, and that Edward Saunders be the returning officer. _\t the election held January 5th, 1874, the following were "the successful candidates: J ames Saunders, reeye;l Duncan Fisher, Alex. Colhorne, "'.m. :M. Smith and Rohert Porteous, councillors. The Council appointed Edward Saunder to the joint offices of clerk and treasurer. The village was cliyided into two polling subdiyisions in 1876. The first election under this arrangement took place at the following municipal election. It was in the fall of 1 76 that the prescnt Town Hall was built. The Yillage Council held its fir8t mceting therein on .March 20th, 1877. December 15th, 1887, witnessed the installing in the village of an excellent system of waterworks for fire protection, the cost of which was $6,500. This has had the effect of reducing the premiums on fire insurance to a marked extent. Prior to this the town was without any means to fight a serious fire, and met with some heavy losses in consequence, uch as .T. A. )furdoch's woollen mill in 1871 and btark's mill in lRR4. In a footnote 2 are giyen a list of debentures i ue:l by. the village since the time of its incorporation. IThe following are the names of those who have been elected reen's of the village down to 1906 : James Saunders, 1874, '75, '76, '7í, '78, ', }, '80, 'fì2; T. E. Fenton, 1881; D. J. Bain, 1883, '84, '85, '89, '90; R. Porteous, 1886, 'R7, '8R; S. McArton, M.D., 1891, '92, '93, '94 . ):); Archibald Fisher, 1896, 1901; W. H. Mc Farlane, lfì97; S. J. Robb,' lfì0 , 1899, 1900; Wm. Rusk, 1902; W. W; Hogg, 1903; James H. Steele, 19.o-l, '05; I. Shoemaker, 1906. . The following are those who have filled the municipal offices of village clerk and treasurer: As clerk-E. Saunders, D. James Bain, S. Shannon, J. Claxton, Neil MacKechnie and J. C. Gibson. As treasurer-E. Raundf>rs, Dr. P. IeTJ3ren, and George Chambers. 2List of debentures issued by the village of Paisley: $2,050, for schools, April 14th, 1885; $5,500, for waterworks, December 15th, 1887; $1,800, for schools, June 13th, ]888 ; $1,000, for waterworks, December 15th, 1888 ; $14,000, loan to Carpet Factory, July 8th, 1901; and the following for ranol thic sidewalks: $2,400 in 1903, $1,940 and $1,882 in 1904, and $1,060 III 190:). The cost of the public school building erected in 1872 was paid for by a de!:wnture amounting .to $5,000, issued by the township of Elderslie, but provIded for by the PaIsley School Section, and is properly to be inC'lud('c1 among the debenture issue of Paisley. HIE U AULD KIRK" :{ 3 The first minister to hold a public religious service in Paisley was the Rev. James Hutchinson; this was in 1853. The place where the sen-ice was held was Howe's tavern. The first church erected in Paisley was St. Andrew's, built by the Presbyterian congregation in connection with the Church of cot1and. The church was opened in the winter of 1859. The Presbyterians in the settlement had services held by representatives of both the" _\.uld Kirk" and the" Free" before a congregation of either church was organized. The date when f-'t. .\ndrew's congregation was organized the author cannot give, but ill lS3H the He\". K pnneth )IcLennan \Va::: inducted as its minister, the fir st se ttled min ister in the village. Here we would let Ir. :Megraw speak: "Rev. 'Ir. )IcLennan was a man of robust constitution, and with a readiness to adapt himself to circumstances, and make the most of his surroundings. Ir. )IcLennan was wen suited to the arduous task which he set himself to perform. In Valentine's mill services were held while the little white church was being erected on the hill, and while he preached the gospel on Sundays, he was ready through the week to lend a hand in the building. This church and its location ga\e the name to our pre'sent Church Street, and in the olden days no more harmonious :flock could well be found than that which \\ended its way every Sunday up to this little church door. .With it some of the writer's earliest memories are associated. Among Mr. rcLennan's flock there were none who were stauncher friends than the gore of Greenock contingent, consisting of James Mair, the Brockie family. the Lambs, the Davies, Ledgerwoods, and .Messrs. Leask and 1[egraw. George Brockie led the Psalms and took an active part in t he work of the congregation. There was also a considerable part of the congregation from Gi11ies' Hil1. '\.t a soirée held in the old log schoolhouse fr . McLennan, in the course of a humorous speech, had the misfortune to give expression to some remarks that gave mortal offence to the Highland part of the congregation. The words used paid a high compliment to their 100"e of music, but reflected r8the i'f'riously upon both their valor and their industry, and as a result some thirty of them left the congregation, and most of these drifted. into the Bapti t denomination, then in considerable strength in West Arran. 1fr. 'McLennan left early in the sixties, and the congregation got along with supplies for a few years until )[r. McLean, a divinity t1Hl('nt from Kingston, preached for a summer, and was given a call whpn hp completed his studies. This was about 1866. During his ra torate the congregation maòe good progress. and a good feeling 394 KNOX CHURCH existed. He left in 1871, and was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Gordon in 1873. Then the question of union forced itself on the attention. and a section of the congregation held out against. The unionists had to take themselves off to K ox Church, and the remnant being unable to support a minister, an interval of about eight year ensued, broken only by occasional spells of service. Hnd during a great part of this time certain properties were in litigation. In 1884 Rev. l\fr. Duncan resuscitated the congregation, collected funds for the building of a handsome new church on the bank of the Saugeen, at the corner of 'Yater and Albert streets, anù accepted a call as its pastor. Loss of health compelled him to give up the charge in 1888, and he was suc- ceeded by Rev. John GiHies, who remained as pastor until 1891. Efforts made to maintain the entity of the congregation failed, and gradually the members united to Knox Church. " The first stage of the history of Knox Church in Paisley was that of St. Andrew's as well, viz., visits from :M:r. McNaughton. of South- ampton, and others. )Ir. )feX aug-hton preached in )Ir. Howp's tavern in 1855. His pulpit was a little washstand, and his hea rs sat ar ou nd on whiskey barrels, beer keg and whateyer elsC' they ("oll]tl find handy. Mr. Mc)forran led the psalmody, and as the strains of · Old Hundred,' ')Iartyrdom; and other old, familiar tunes floated out upon the air and died away among the tall, waving trees, there were some of the listeners whose thoughts, no doubt, were carried away to former days among heathery hills. Mr. McMullen, a student from Knox Church, and :Mr. fcDonald, of Seaforth, were the next who preached to them, and these servicps were held in the old log schoolhou e. Mr. Blount preached in the summer of 1858: he was afterwards drowned on his way to the Old Country. The date of organization cannot he fastened on, but it occurred in the old log schoolhouse, most likely in 1858, possibly in '57. Dr. Scott, of London, dispensed the sacrament. )lfr. Bremner came in 1859, was ordain d in 1860, and the first entry in the sessions books is by his hand in February of that year, the minute showing previous organiza- tion. The elders, at their first meeting of session with a placed minister as moderator, were .J ohn Ewing, Malcolm Campbell and John Rusk, and to these at the next meeting in May, 1860, were added James Rankin, \Villiam :\fcBride and Donald McIntyre, Sr. The :first church which the congregation erected was of frame, that was moved away to make room for the present structure, which was bu ilt in 1875 . The old frame is now standing on the corner of Queen OTHER CHURCHES 395 and \lllla trcct:;. a", a dwelling. and as it ha5 50111ctilUe:-: shcltered two or three familie:-; at once, it has been somewhat irreverently called . The \rk.' .. :Mr. Bremner remained from 1860 to uno; :Mr. traith, from )lay, urn, to ()dober, 188;!: .Mr. Greig, from Decemher, 18S:J, to October, 1 86, and the present pastor, Rev. J. ..10hn ton, has been in charge since February 1888, -and has the honor of being the senior minister of the placl', the oCl:upants of the pulpits of all the other churches in town having come since that date."-Paisley Advocate. rfhe Methodist Church furnished the first minister to prea at P aisley . but it was not the first to be supplied with a regular pastor. It \\(lS in ] )o\,=j 'j that th {ev. Ja mes A . I v e:S.Qn came to the village as the first minister of the ,r esleyan )lethodist Church. He remaineù there during that and thl' 1",,!1<)\\ ing year as wel1. During 185Ù, 18bU aIHl IHH 1 the l'ongregation wa5 united with that <<1t ::;outhampton, and ministerial sen icc::; "ere supplied from there. The Hev. neorge .Jacqlll's Wen a continuous suc("('sí'ion of pastors in the usual itinerary of the chun.h. At tir:-:t. church prvicp wcrl' held in the old log school-house. In 1 7' 5 (following the union of the various )let hodist bodies) Paisley ("ea ed to bc a mission, and became a self-sustaining circuit. The Xl'W Conlll'xion 'If'thodists established a mission at Paisley, 1861. the He,.. Thomas Fo'( heing the minister in chargp. Iff' was suc- ct'('ded by the Rev. J uhcph Rawson the foIlowing year, and he again hy the Hev. S. F. Dcpew; the mission was closed in 1870. The first (,hurch of England service held in the village was in ]H55. the He\". .T. P. Hodge officiating. [n J85!1 a con regatioll was organized, when Hi:-;hop Cronyn prrachf'ò. the ::;1. .Andrew' congre- gation having gi '"cn the use of their church for this 8ervice. A pretty hriek dlUrch wa:-i built in 1 Kt)-l, known as the Church of the \ l,t'll ion, largely through tl1C f'fl'orts of the Hev. n. S. Cooper, the cost of whieh was about $1,500. Th(' Baptist:-: at fir8t Iw]d services in ergison's Hall, which was eonllucted 1Iy tht' nt'\". Xpi1 RiIH'lair. Tn lR62 a ('hureh was huilt 011 thf' Elom HO..H1: tll(> 10('alit.,. ht'ing fouw1 l1nsuitahJt'. in 1 ()!I n hrick church wa ('rf'dpò in thl' vi11agl'. anò omp twpnt.\' ypars latf'r 8 manse. Tht' faet that four tr ams mf'f't at or in tlw vi cin ity of. Paisley maòf' the qUf'stiol1 of hridgf' one of importan('c from the datl' when tIll' two lOll<' familil's of spttll'rs pxpf'ripncpd thp inconveniences arising 3J6 THE "w ATERWITCH JJ from ueing separated by the waters of the Teeswater River. Th first ..uridge over this stream was built: by 8illlon Orchard, in 1851. Ra e's uI:idge over the Saugeen River was in course of construction at the time the settlers were going to Southampton to attend the" big land sale " in 1854 . Th e Goldie B trpet bridge .was built, illlon Orchard . being the contracto r, in 1859. All of these bridges have been replaced by fine steel structures built in the following mentioned years. The present two-span s teel bri dge the Teeswater was opened for traffic in the first week ot J a nuary 9 5; Rae's bridge in 189;3, and the Goldie Street bridge in 1891. Before the first bridge over the Saugeen was built scows were used to transport the traffic. These were also used in times of freshet.! Freshets of almost annual occur- rence have at times wrought considerable damage to property in Paisley. It is said that after the freshet of 1870 nearly every house north of the Teeswater had its foundation raised, so that inconveni- ence from this source might be avoided at next high flood. Th e augeen has not been looked upon as a navigable stream, but it remained for a citizen of Paisley to prove the contrary. In the summer of 1879 D. Hanna built a flat-bottomed steamer, which he named the JVaterwitch. Its dimensions were: ],Pllgth, -to feet. with a beam of 8 feet. The engine used was one of only six horse- power. Nevertheless it was powerful enough to give the craft a good headway against the pretty strong current. During Fall Exhibition week of that year l\fr. Hanna did a rushing excursion business, as everybody wanted a cruise on the little steamer. In 1880 and again in the following year the lVaterwitch steamed up the river to 'Valkerton, taking thirteen hours to go up the river, but returning in four hours. In 1883 1\fessrs. :McLean Brothers, of the Sauble Falls Mills, purchased the vessel, and conveyed it 01\ sleighs to Boat Lake. Its further history is given in Chapter XII. ?-. Wonder has sometimes .been expressed that Paisley, with the .Saugeen River owing through it ready to be harnessed and give out its potential powers, has not developed manufacturing industries to a greater extent than has been. The Teeswater has two dams across it at Paisley. 'Vhy one across the Saugeen has not been constructed is not for the author to say. Paisley made a mistake in the only loan it has made toward the tAn account of Wm. Sergison was presented to the County Counci], ,Tune, ] 862, for ferrying travellers and passengers across the rÏ\'er flats at .Paisley during the spring freshets of that year, for a period of six days and nights. THE Ie ADVOCATE " :J J7 encouraging and establishing of manufactures in the village. In 1902 a loaD of $14,000 was made to George \. Burrows to help him to build a carpet factory. The factory was built and run for a while, but closed down long beforc the first instalment toward the repayment of the loan was due. The press has been represented in the village since Peùruary 17th, 1 li,ï, the datc of the fir:,t issue 'of the 1)(li Il'!J . Ldvocute. The fir t publisher was Hichard Goldie. He retained possession of the paper for four yeari', selling out to James )1. Bishop. In August, 187 , the paper passeù into the hands of John A. )[ urdoch, an able writer, who published the paper until the fall of 1816. For a very short time it was in the hands of Ir. E. Saunders, who passed it over to M. A. Clark, and he to J Ohll Collie, and the latter to James R. Aitcheson. On the 1st of ::\[ay, 1885, Ainsley :Megraw purchased the paper, and proved himself to be a well-qualified journalist. He continued as the editor and publisher for about eight years. The Adl..'ocate is _now issuea.-.by D. McKenzie, who maintains a standard worthy of emulat- ing by publishers of local newspapers. The Canadian Bank of Commerce opened a branch at Paisley in 1875. The amount of busines.., secured did not warrant the bank in continuing the ag('ucy, whieh was closed in 1 77. This want of SUlTt':::S is said to hayc arisen from faults in the manner of the agent. Following the closing of the chartered bank, Robert Porteous opened a private hank. For some years Edward aunders was in partnership with him in this business, which wa continued until )Ir. Porteous' death in 18!)(). Tlw', ('stern Bank of Canada established a branch at Paisley in October, 1886, with C. L. Rennie as agent. He was suc- ce('d('d hy F. Ri('ftp. and hc by the prcsent popular agent, S. M. H utche on. Ever since September, 1861, Dr, P. IcLar('n ha been a resident of Paisley, and has practised his profcssion there for a far longer period than any other one who has sought to cure the ills and sick- nesc;:es of the community. The first doctor to residp in Paisley was Or. ("rawford. His daughter, [i l:-al)('IIe Yalancey Crawford, achieved a merited reputation as an authoress in Canadian literature. Of othpr medical men long resident in Paisley the names of Dr. John Baird and Dr. S. '\f cArton win come to the mem v of the older residents. (1.tÞ..o Ò-(t." ...Á I 'ffMJ li I' The legal profession has never been largcly reprcsented at Paisley. In the early days of the county, conveyancers who undertook to draw 398 LEGAL PROFESSIO out deeds, agreements, etc., were found in ever)' village and hamlet, Paisley being no exception. The work done by these conveyancers cut seriously into the business of the regular legal practitioners. George ,V. Malloch, who came to Paisley in 1865, was for many years the only lawyer in the village. His practice there extended over some twenty-eight years. Hector Cowan, since 1885, when he settled in Paisley, has possessed the leading legal practice of the place. Space win not permit the author to refer to all of those who have done their part in the development of Paisley, while some who deserve an extended notice are but briefly referred to. John Valentine, James Stark and Duncan Fisher are names that should be remembered in this connection, for the industries they carried on have helped to make Paisley what it is to-day, a village that possesses as much wealth for its size as any to be found in the county of Bruce. ...: -.c: .. . I ,. I Sf ' (/ -. - 1. ,I '; ìi--=' '/ ' --< , -SJici (,....'o--/""'f-L _ rt OZRÞ=} 11. v':-';- ) L v.. i'- ,I":d' W" l' , I / n . : ;'Y V I'- nWJ::r F "or y I .,-J...r-f--- V ".'\......::. YU l - Æ þ/' r/ lL J r ::: 7- ../ -ø- C:?,L .- - v'T Æ' f/ I 60'" ï J_ ...;., /'..- V _/J fl . ) _ ( ---- I fIt,R,," J" ,-' II: . /-- , ,d1 ,r;; Ú [J " '7' .-,t " -r El J' P' / ' 1-- - (;V '" I.J !'-:;- t- 0: I I -' r V Il ' I _ , FY f . ';".'i V i7\.-, (( 1:9 , I 7--- % ifJ. 'Y$.> iJ.<-.< ( v...o!1 þ<" " I -;;- - [T ! 'Ì'\i "../ r\ - , / 3S 34133 IJ2 31 Jo 29 28 21 & 1$ 2f 23 2%121 20 IS li'17 I. :IS'\{4 I /2 7ï 0 I , 5 .. 2 / - ïj; I . H < = ' 9 -n,I)T P .".. Iñ _ . V "':' I //....... ...-;... I ____- / ..,- / I 71 )i-- 'I, I - " or I \ I þ "' 1.'J · /.. IIt{) '/ t>.... _ '7 := :t r/ cI. --, ,/ I " / I I :,) d' -, ,:'", I.f / iJ ' I ! II . I I '1 t\ U II 111 .à 8 I i. ,. ,: Jbi'li'l 4' 1r 'tì' -' . ,:'. ( 'y. IJ I I 1 ' I I I I '-- t.' r I I I .Jr-o r J-JI I I J I I '\. , CHAPTER XXX. T01VNSHIP OF GREENOOK.l EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF COUNTY VALUATORS, 1879. " Greenock township has more inferior land than any other south of the peninsula. The Mud River having hardly any banks around it for a long distance is flooded in the spring to the depth of three or four feet. It has a far larger amount of swamp than any other in the county, and when the pine is taken off it will not be of any value. There is a portion of good land around Chepstowe, and the most of the gore is first-class land. It has a large amount of mill property. Its average price is $22.60 per acre. " EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OJ!' COUNTY VALUATORS, 1901. " Greenock is a gore township and ver;r few roads are open through from east to west, none being open between the Durham Road and the 10th concession, on account of what is known as the Greenock swamp. A portion of this swamp has been reclaimed since the last valuation, but still ther<' is a great deal to do in the same line. The 6th concession was being op<,ned through the swamp when :your valuators were there, which will be a great convenience, especially to the settlers in the western part of the township, and also to those of the eastern part of Kincardine township. There are portions of Greenock as good as can be found in the county, but a very considerable portion is swamp, and a great deal of the northern part is stiff clay, in fact, so stiff that it affects its value considerp.bly. The rate per acre, including village property, is $25.66, of which amount the village property is $2.39 per acre." GREE OCK r.!'ownship has the appearance geographically of being the core around which were laid out most of the other townships of the original county of Bruce. In reality the reverse was the pro- cedure, Greenock being the last township south of thp peninsula to be surveyed. After the boundaries of the other to\\nc;:hips placed along the borders of the county were settled, there remained a large Fedion in the centre of the county. This formed the township of (;rec>no('k. th(> "l1fvey of which was madc> in 1852 by R. Walsh, P.L.S.! lThe name is that of a seaport town on the Clyde in Scotland. 2Mr. Walsh commenced his survey at the blind line at the back of the first ('on('{'ssion, N.D.R., and proceeded north. On reaching the apex at the north of the township he thought his contract completed, and was preparing to l<,ave when, remembering the strip of land forming a gore in the south-west of the township, now the twenty-fifth concession, he took his staff th(lre and made the survey of it; this was late in the fall, after the Anow wa on the ground. 401 402 PIRST SETTLERS In Chapter II. are to be found particularö of the survey of the Dur- ham Road through this township, and also the reason why in Greenock only, the free grant lots are confineu to one concession on each sidc of the Durham Road, Greenock, excepting the ,. free grants;' was included among the Crown lands which were opened for sale at the timc of the" big land sale," Heptember ;27th, 1854. 1 The price at which these lands were offered by the Crown was 'Is. 6d. per acre. The first settlers to take up land in the township were Joseph Chartrand and John Caskanette. French-Canadians, who had been on the staff of A. P. Brough, P.L.S., when he surveyed the Durham Hoad. Anticipating the development of a town at the point where the 'l'eeswater River is cros ed by the Durham Road, they took up the lots on which the villag p of R;vers- dale now stanù , and brought in their familil':, in the spring of u ;)n. Along with them came other families flOm the same part of Lower Canada in which they had resided. The offer of free grant farm lots in Greenock was held back at first by the Crown Lands Department. 2 ,nwther this was on account of u:lcertaint,\" as to future action in regard to extending the free grants in Greenock, as elsewhere, to four concessions in width, or whether thc difficulty and expC'nse of cutting a road through the swamp seemed too formidable at the time, the author cannot say; either surmise is quite supposable. On the with- drawal of this restriction in April. 1H51, the desirahle lots along the Durham line ,were quickly taken up. 'fhe names of those who took up these lots arc given in Chapter V. Before the lands in Greenock were open for sale numcrons squatterF had settled in the township. Especially was this the case along concession A, and in the "Gore" of the township. Among these early settlers were Lewis Lamb, James J\iair, James Ledgerwood, John J\Iegraw, David, John, George and William Brockie, John Shennan, John and Dennif' Phelan and Edward Boulton.3 The mill site secured by John Yalentine in 1R51 puts his name in the forefront of any li t of :-ettJers in the northern lS ee Appendix K. 2Extract from letter sent to George Jackson, Crown Lands Agent, Durham, by the Department of Crown Lands, August 15th, 1850: Re Town- ship of Greenock-" As the survey is not fully completed and as there is no intentions of opening the road through the township at present, it is desirable that no locations should be made thereon this season." sEdward Boulton seems to have belonged to a class of backwoodsmen, by no means uncommon, whose restless enterprise kept them always in the front of the wave of settlement. He was one of the first settlers in Walkerton. also of Greenock, and again in Amabel. He was residing at or near Meaford when his death occurred some few years ago. GHEENOCK POST-OFFICE 403 part of Greenock. The last-named settlers came into .the township either via Owen Sound or Durham. There were others who came in L'Ìl1 the Bruce' and Kincanline boundary line, among whom were _\.llan Ho ,. and DUIlcan Campbell in 1852, and later the Camerons and. others. Among the leading families who early settledt in Greenock were the )IcKee:; and the Pinkertons (the name of the latter is per- petuateù by the pr<>tty little village of that name). .Among those who located lands in Ureenoek at this time, in addition to others elsewhere mentioned, were the following: \Yilliam Clark, Richard (;-arland, George Leask, John ::\1. \rells, George and James Cromar, J aml':, I )onnelly and Alex. ::;ymon. To chop down the trees, log, burn and clear up a farm in Greenock meant much and long-continued hard work, many privations and harù hip8, and demanded, as everywhere in the backwoods, indomitable pluck and an amount of perseverance that might be <:lassed as heroic. rfhe later settlers of Ureenock possessed advantages O\-er the pioneers of Ï8-!!) and 1850, for sOllle attempt had been made before they settled to open leading highways, such as the Elora and Durhalll Hoads;1 so that they had some sho" of access to saw and grist mills already built and in operation, as well a to stores. and post- offices at 'f alkerton and other villages. The first po t-offiee opened in the towm:hip still bears the name of Greenock, for here, as else- wherf' in thl' f"ount ' at that tim('. on th<> fir:-òt post-offif"" p tahlished in ß township the name of it was bestowed. rrhis oflice was opened October 9th, 1852. .T. B. Ritchie2 was the first postmaster. The next offj(.t\ op('l1pd wa:, at Biwr:,dale. in 1 R5; or 1 R54, G<>orge Cromar bein the postmaster. At first the municipal existence of Greenock was mergell in that of tl1<' "rnitell Townships in the County of Bruce:' rfhe first .""('ar 811 8:,:,e::sment wns made was 1851, the total of which alllonl1tp<1 to t:1.!H) .3 Thi :"1\PlllP<1 to ha\p fhell tlH' a ses nwnt for the following year, which wa for the same amount. In 1853 the a:':;;I':':'II1(,l1t E:too(l nt :1..'>; I. anll the fir:-;t ta (' \\I'r<> raia in that year. alllolll1tin to th<> very mo(le t llm of t:33 178. 2 1-2d. 'Vhen thp '1n Chapter V. arl' to be found parti('ulars, j:{iving nameS of contral.torR, "t('., who openf'd these roads. 2 ee Chaptf'r V. for an a('('ount, from the pen of Mr. .T. B. RitC'hie, of this offil'p and thl"' mail sl"'r\,jl't' thl"'retn. arn .\Pl'entlix M is to hI' fOUIlIl a statement of amount of assess. IIIl'nt as e'lua1izf'd. for the first Sf'ven Yf'ars of the town hip 's f'xistf'J1('e, showing the progrt'MS of r11'\"I'10PUlI'lIt in t1H'SI:' yeurH. 4040 JOHN VALENTINE union of all of the townships of the county was c1issolved,1 Ureenock and Culross were united for municipal purposes. The first municipal election was held in January, 1t354, at Ueorge Uromar's house. J. B. Ritchie was the returning officer. He had to go to Lorne to receive from the old reeve of the united townships, the Hev. ,rIll. .Fraser, the election papers and be sworn in. The first reeve was George Cromar, who at a later date was the first warden of the county of Bruce. After filling the office of reeve for four years, he resigned it to accept the office of county treasurer. His successor in the reeveshi p 2 was J ohn Valentine, who held the position for six years. In a footnote 3 are given the names of all the reeves of Greenock from the first up to 1906. The offices of clerk and treasurer of the united townships of Greenock and Culross were held respectively by Archibald Fraser and John ::\IcGregor. 'Yhen Greenock became a separate mun.icipality the two offices of clerk and treasurer were held by James Cromar. As township clerk he acted until the end of 1868. 'Yilliam Clark BUC- ceeded him, and remained in office until 1881. rrhe subsequent holders of the clerkship have been John :Uillar, J. 'V. McNab and J. J. Donnelly. The township has had as its treasurers, James Cromar (1856 to 1858). Hugh :Montgomer r (1859-60). 'Yilliam Clarki (1861 to 1905), and 1f. 1L 8churter, the present treasurer. IS ee Appendix F. 2John Valentine was a native of Montrose, Scotland, wherl} he was born in 1817. He came to Walkerton in 1851 and opened a store in partnership with George Jardine. Securing a mill privilege on the Teeswater River. at Paisley, he built a saw-mill there in 1852 and a grist-mill in 1855 or '56. His family resided at Southampton at :first, but from 1855 they lived at Paisley. Mr. Valentine's property was largely in Greenock, and he :filled the office of reeve of the township for six years. Mr. ValentinC' held a prominent place in the County Council, which in 1859 elected him warden of the county. His public life bore a clean record, while as a man he was highly esteemed. His death occurred August 12th, 1872. BReeves of the township of Greenock: George Cromar, 1854, '55, '56. '57 ; John Valentine, 1858, '59, '60, '61, '62, '65; Robert Pinkerton, 1863, '64, '66, '67, '69, '70, '71; James Mair, 1868, '72, '73; J. Millar, 1874; William Bradley, 1875, '76, '77, '78, '79, '80, '81, '82, '83, part of 1891 part. of 1892; W. W. Reed, 1884; Henry Cargill, 1885, '86, '87 ; John Coumans. 1888, '89, '90, part of '91; Lewis Lamb, part of 1892; A. Symons, 1893, '94, '95; John McKee, 1896, '99, 1900, '01; J. J. Donnelly, 1897, '98; James Daniels, 1902; John Meagher, 1903, '04; F. Fullerton, 1905; M. McNab, part of 1906; S. Hawthorne, part of 1906. 4William Clark, on March 20th, 1905, relinquished his official connection with the township of Greenock, after serving it for twelve years as town- ship clerk, and forty-four years as township treasurer. During this long term of service no complaint was ever made as to the manner in which he performed his duties, which was efficiency itself. Mr. Clark is a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, where he was born in TOLL-GATE 405 The first public \\ ork of importance undertaken by the Township Council was in connection with the rebuilding of the bridge at Rivers- dale. The contract for this work was let to 'Villiam Ic Vicar, for \\ hich he received $ ,413, the work being done during the summer of lö63. To pay for this, debentures for $3,250 were issued. These, although bearing 6 per cent. interest, were sold at a discount of 15 per l:ent. As a help tù pay the' interest on the::;e debentures, and <11:-;0 to raise a sinl\.ing funù, the Council established a toll-gate! at the uriJ.ge, at which a man of the name of )Iahon was installed as keeper. A good deal of opposition arose as a result of a toll being charged for ('ro :,ing tlw bridge. awl to test the authOl'ity for doing so Paul Hoss laiù a charge, before J. B. Ritchie, ,J.P., llgainst Mahon for obstruct- ing the Queen's highway, with the result that he was committed to jail at Godericb. The matter wa settled at last by the Qounty ('ouncil, ill December, 186-1:, assuming the payment of the debentures i:-;:--\It'd by the Township Council, on condition that the toll-gate be relllo\-eù. The big swamp in the centre of Greenock was looked upon for a long time after settlement began as a drawback to the development of the tm\ n:::hip, and from an agricultural point of view justly so, but from an industrial standpoint Greenock swamp has been a mine of Wt'i.11th. The rreeswater River, flowing the full length of the township from south to north (the damming up of which by a natural forma- tion of the ground resulted in the big swamp being formed, as related f:uther on), has furni::-;lwd pm\ er required to manufacture into lumber tlu' pine that grew so abundantly in the swamp. The first mill on the Tpeswater wac: that built by .Tohn Valentine in 1852 at Paisley. In a year or so after this John Shennan had a mill built at Pinkerton, "hie-h he ol(l to David. Pinkprton. rrhf'll. at rhepstow .Tohn Phelan IHui a mi11. and again at Riyprsò.ale there was a t(>am saw and grist mill. run h ' George Cromar, in 1857. The foundation was laid of the viUage of Cargil1, the busiest manu- 1834. After serving for some time in the audit office of the North British Railway, he emigrated to Canada with his parents in 18:')2. He attended the " Big" land sale in September, 1854, at Southampton, and purchased lots 3 and 4, concession 10, township of Greenock. He married, on February 28th, 18:>6, Miss Sarah Griffin, of U. E. Loyalist stock, from Xova Scotia. As soon as the season permitted, tbey entered upon back- woods life, on their uncl('ared farm, where they residpd for D('arly balf a rentury. Lately tbey moved into the village of Cargill, and in their new residence there tbey had the pleasure of celebrating their golden wedding. IThis was the only toll-gate ever established in the countv of Bruce as far as the autbor is aware of. 406 GltEENOCK SW A IP SOLD facturing centre in ( reenock, in the late fiftie:5. The land on and in the vicinity of the ,"illage was taken up by five brothers of the name of .Mc.Keil-\\ïlliam, James, Donald, Charlc::; and '}lalcolm, who PUl'- chased some ten farm lots. When coming into the county they first resided at River:-;ùale. .From there, in the spring of 1856, they rafted down the river to the Ioeality where their farms were a quantity of tim- ber they had prepared for the frame of a mill, and shortly after (:Olll- menced the construction of a dam. At this stage they were per:5uaded to sell their mill privilege and whatever they had done towards the building of a mill, to George Elphick, who previously had been work- ing as a miller at Pinkerton for his father-in-law, David Pinkerton. The dam was soon completed, and the grist mill set in operation. But it was not till a later datp that a village commenced to gather about the mill. In Odober, 1871, the Commissioner of Crown Lands sold at the Court House at 'Yalkerton the lands contained in the Greenock aml Culross swamps, 8,417 acres in all. 'rhp attendanc(' at the sale was large; but the purchasing was confined to the following: C'harles Mickle, Sr., Henry Cargill, J. F. 'Vilson, T. 'V. }Ic Iurray, G. B. Ferguson, "ïlliam Edgar and O. Phelps. The average price obtained for these lands was $-:1:.66 per acre. Charles Iickle, ::::;r., s('cured limits of some 1.700 acres in extent at the sale, and in addition pur- chased 2,400 acres more from private parties, and also purchascd the mil privilege from George Elphick. Erecting a sawmill at this point, he commenced the manufacture of lumber for shipment, the railw.ay having been completed and a station, named'" )[ickles "1 (now Car- gill), located at a convenient distance from tlw mill. At the sale of the timber limitR above mentioned Henry Cargill was a large buyer. In addition to purchases then made, he secured, at a liberal advance from some other purchasers, enough of these lands to hring his total acreage up to one-half of that sold. Six of the original purchasers, Mr. Cargill being one of them, held the property jointly for about a year, when the others sold out their respective holdings to Mr. Cargill. After this, in .January. 1879, Charles )rickIe, Sr.. sold his mill pro pert)' and some 4,100 acres of timbered lands to :Mr. Cargil1. This last purchase gave }Ir. Cargill practically all the lands in the Greenock swamp. The beginning of Mr. Cargi11's identification with the manufacturing industries of Greenock was when he leased, in IThe viJIage whi(. h then commenced to grow was caUed t t Yokassippi," a corruption of thp TTIf1ian name of the river. . A CAP'fAIN OF INDC8TRY 407 18;'2, from 1l's:3r . To011('}" and l'ouman::; their mill at Che!J tow; but with the purchasf' of the :\lickle mill property the development by him of the wealth that lay in the swamp commenced. Canals parallel with eoncession and side-roads were dug, by which to float the timber from where it had been cut to the mill. These canals have also drained the swamp, turning miles of it into good dry farm land, 1Ud making possible the opening of roads through it. To the water- pcn\"('r sawmill Ir. Cargill added a large steam "awmill, a steam planing mill and grist mill. The thriving village of Cargill preser-."es the name of its founder, and its prosperity tells the tale of the broad- minded business efforts of Henry Cargill,! and continued by vt. D. ('argill. hiF< F population in the 1In a footnote in Chaþter VIII. a short biographical sketch of :Mr. Cargill is to be found. The fo1Jowing extract from a local paper shows a side of his charaC'ter worthy of being remembered. "H. C.," writing in the K.incardine Rev.iew, has the following: "On the day of Hpnry Cargill"s funeral J was talking to a prominent Liberal :tbout him. j No one ever heard me sayan ill word against Henry Cargill,' he said, ' and T would have no peace in my family if J did. And I'll tell you why. )'Iany y{'ars ago :t little girl wa walking into Walkerton with a market-basket. )Ir. ('argill drove up and offered h{'r a ride. earing the <,orn{'r of th{' road }{'alling into \Valkerton he inquired how far it waR into town. Rh(' s:tiel it w:tS two miles and a half. He drove Iwr to thp store, turned arounù and drove back. He had gone fiv{' miles out of his way to give a ride to a little girl with a mark('t-basket. Rhe's m ' wife now and would n"t let me Ray a word against Henr r CargiU if I feIt inC'}ined, which J never did.' j j Last spring I met him in Ottawa, and he asked me to go with him to Booth's sawmills. Ac<,ompanied by W. H. Bpnnett, r.P., and T. 1. Thompson, :M.P.. we went to the gr('at mills, where a thousand m{'n and the most approv{'d machinery turn evpry part of a log worth sa vinj:{ to some :t('('ount. )fr. Cargill w:tS engrossed with the \\ ork going on. }Ie talked \\ith the l:tbor('rs, inquir('d nbout ('VNY feature that was n{'w to him, und when he carne away, in his quid, delibNate way, said: ., Boys, if I onlJ' owned thiR mill-anel T would ratlwr own it than tho Canadian Pacific Hailway-inst('all of having a spat over in that house ß<'rORR the rivpr. T"iI. havE> an arm('h:tir hprE>, whpre I could sit down and smell the lumher." He !iaid it so spntentiously that no one could doubt he meant it." 'These church('s, although spoken of as heing in Carj:{iIl, are Tl'all,) in tb(' township of Brant, and not in Greenock. -40ð PINKERTON AN D RlVERSDALE eounty equals Cargill in appearance. \rhat with granolithic side- walks, electric street lighting anù handsome residences, the villagers ha ve reason to be proud of their place of residence. The village of Pinkerton may daim priority over any other in the township as to the year when it began to take form as a business centre. It is prettily situated, and if the decision to make it the .county town, referred to in Chapter VI., had been adhered to, there is no doubt but that a beautiful, busy town would have developed there. r..r:he land forming the site of the village was squatted on about 1653 by John ShennêHl. 1 As early ab possible he took steps toward the erection of a saw and grist mill. Before completing the same he :-,old out his rights and improvements to David Pinkerton, who had the si:lwmill in operation about 1854,. and the grist mills some three Dr four years later, following which, in the course of a few years, a carding and fulling mill was added to the industries of the place. Thomas Pinkerton was for a number of years the leading man of the village, its several mills having passed into his hands. The Pres- byterian congregation at Pinkerton is united to that in West Brant, forming one charge; the church at Pinkerton is a frame buiJding, and was erected in 1874. The Church of England also have a congre- gatÏpn there, which erected in 18',8 a church edifice, a roughcast buil ing, that has accommodation for about 250 worshippers. Riversdale was surveyed into village lots in 1855, at the instance of Joseph C. Chartrand, George Cromar and James Bennie; but it may date its commencement from the time a post-office was estab- lished there in 1854. George Cromar was the foremost man in the little village at that time, and continued as such until his death, which occurred in the summer of 1861. In 1857 he built a steam saw and grist mill: then the usual supply of blacksmith shops and hotels appeared one after another. A Division Court also had its office there. In 1860 J amps )1il1ar and Anthony :Mason rented the mills from Mr. Cromar, and after his death purchased them from the executors of the estate. These mills have had an unfortunate experi- ence from fire, having been burned down some five or six timeR. The Presbyterian congregation at Riversdale was formed about 1857, the Rev. 'VaIter Inglis being the first minister. The present church lmilding of this congregation was dedicated in October, 1880. There is also at Riversdale a Roman Catholic church, but for many years there has been no resident priest there. lWalkerton '8 first postmaster, and after leaving Greenock, the founder -of Balaclava, in Carrick. A::\ HUSH P A TlUuT -lU:J- The Yillage of Chep::;tow callle into ueing uecau::;e of the water- power developed there, locally known as ., Phelan's dam;' and where a ::.:aw-mill was built by John Phelan. There is a story about how the village received its name, whieh is here given for what it is worth, without vouching for its truth or accuracy. .. 3lr. Phelan and the early settlers in the neighborhood, who were nearly all Irish (although now more than half are of German descent), petitioneù the Post-office Department for a post-office, which wa::; to uear the l1ame of ' Emmett; in memory of the Irish patriot, who wa::; hanged 101' reuellion in 1803. 'And \\-hat do you think,' said [r. Phelan, ' some blackguarù ill the Department who kilt'W I ri h hi tor , ehanged the name to Chepstow, which was the rehidence of Earl tl'onguow, the first English invader of Ireland!'" )lr. Phelan ne\"er forgave the- Goyernment for this outrage. In 1R5 a frame (.hUleh \\as built by the Roman Catholic congregation, whieh hore tlw name of t. .Tohn's. In l!}(); -O-1 a very fine church edifice was erected to take the plaee of the old. one, anù was dedicated by Bishop Dowling, of Hamilton, Odoher 2IHl. 1 flO-!. The prm..imity of the flourishing village of Cargill precluùes much further devdopment at Chepstow. From the day when the surveying party engagl'd in laying out the Durham Road tried to find a place where a road eould be made across the Greenock swamp. cO\-ered as it was with a rank. tangled growth of vegetation, and that offered no better footing- than spongy knolls of grass and moss standing in pools of "ater, down to a comparatively late date, th(' Greenock F-wamp has seemed a :,eetion of the (.ounty lying beyond the powers of th(' ('ttlers to r{'c1aim and transform into agricultural lands, and it wa left to hf" exploited hy the lumoerman. who found therein timoer of an (le crirtions that has I>('('n most profitahle to ('ut and market. The initial movempnt towards filHlin ont wlwt was nt-'e(' ary to he d011P if tlw wamp WH!=' to be drainpd l'egan in 1 R6R. \s the r(' ult of H mpmorial from thp ('ounty Council in .\ugu t of that .ear tbr ('ommissiOlwr of Pnhlic 'Yorks directed TIooert Gilmour. C.E.. of Pai l(')' to p amin(' th(' wamr and see what were its possihiliti(' . awl ('(' what had to hp dOIlP to df'Yf'lop them. :\fr. Gilmour r('portp(l to tllf" following efTl ('t: "At lot 14. rnDcession 5 of fhf" town hip of Greenock. the Tpe water 1!; rro!;sed by an escarp- ment of 1imr tone rock, whi('h romf' up within fhrpf" feet of the summer I ('yel of th(' rivpr. To hr('ak thrnugh this barrier (which appparF- to Of" fhp natural dam which hn mainl T ('ontrihuted to the formation of the !='wamp), an p"\tcn i,.p e ca"ation for some diF-rance wouh1 or reCJuir('d." )fr. Gilmour rroro ('a a plan of digging 't 410 DRAINING THE SWAMP canal from above this natural dam to a lllall creek that empties into th Teeswater near Pinkerton, and also another canal from the swamp to the Penetangore River. X 0 action seems to haye resulted from )Ir. Gilmour'ð report. In 1883 Mr. )lcCallum, Chief of the Public " orks Department of the Province of Ontario, inspected the Teeswater River, with a view of getting the swamp drained, but nothing more was done. In 188 , as a result of a largely signed petition, the County Council voted a sum of money for the removal of Phelan's dam at Chepstow, as many held it to be the cau e of the waters of the Tees- water being dammed back to buch an extent. The removal of the dam in the following year did not affect, to any extent, the flooded lands. On February 2nd, 1903, a meeting was held in the village of Rivers- dale to consider the subject of having the swamp drained. This meeting urged upon the municipal councils of Greenock and Culross to take steps towards the object sought. )Ir..J ames 'Varren, C.E., was engaged to make a survey of the river. His report. in part, to the Township Council of Greenock is as follows: EXTIUCT FRO)[ REPORT OF .LD[ES \YARRES. C.E. " .ALKERTON, April 2nd, 190 1. John Jleagher, Esq., Reeve of the Township of Greenock: ,. Sir,-At your request I made an examination of the Teeswater River from Chepstow to thp town1inl' of Culross, with the view of ascertaining the probable cost of deepening the river, so as to get better drainage for the lands now affected by the water of the river. "I find a good fall fr{)m lot 15. con. 5, to Chepslow, which will give that part of the river a good current; from lot 16 to the south houndarv there is little difference in the level, only enough to give the wat r a fair flow. The .chief ohstructions are from lot 15 t{) Phelan's Dam at Chepstow. rrhis part or section. will be the hardest cutting, as it is gr:n-el. From lot 15 to the boundary of Culro :- the bottom is soft and can be easily remoyed. ., In the section from rrhompson's Bridgp to Culross boundary, I would recommend a channel 20 feet wide, and to the depths shown on the profile, and from Thompson's Bridge to the old site of Phelan \; Dam the channel should he 25 feet wide. In many places south of Thompson's Bridgp the river wouln clear itself if the outlet waiS cleared away. ., The estimate of the probable cost from Phelan's Dam to Thomp- son's Bridge of clearing out the outlet T would place at $6.018.30, which is the hardest section on the work. as the cutting is deeper awl harder to take out. GOVERNMEXT GRANT 411 ,. .From Thompson's Bridge to the south boundary of the to\\ n- ship, 1 would estimate the cost at $2,04:1.50, heing a Total of ö,059.80. .. Counting the farm lot.: helldited in whole or part, the acreage Ï:j 16,559 acres, which 1 would value at $185,150, acconling to the annexed schedule, whieh shows the value et OIl each lot, also the hl'lll'fi t deri veu. .. The total belletit derived 1 would place at $18,915, or at all a H'I"agC of 84: cents per acre, and the cost of construction I would plul:e at .30 cents per acre on the whole of the lots affected by the drainage of the river. " Taking the lot;o; as a whole, it is quite f('asible and would he of J!Tl.at value to the township. a it would enable the lands to be cleared .mll eultivateu, which at present cannot be done, and when these lilUll::; are cleared they will be excellent grazing la.nds, and after a :,hort time, when the soil would be somewhat. consolidated, would .ri l(l good crops of grain and roots. '" I have prepared a profile of the bottom of dll' ri'"er from Chep- :otow to the houndary of Culro!='s, a total di tance of 8.910 miles. I wa:, fortunate enough to he able to take the measurements on the ice, which \rat; more accurately done than could he done on the laud at any other time. "If the whole work cannot be gone on with, I would strongly rel"ommend that that portion hetwepn Thompson's Rridge and Phelan"s I )am to be done, as that would give a good outlpt to that part of the l'i'l"r south of Th()mpson's Bridge." \bout the same time the Ontario Government was approached hy H. E. Truax, M.P.P., and a grant of 7,OI)O was obtained for the drprlging of the river, which was a little more than half of the expected ('utire cost. This grant was to be made available only when the Im]ance of the amount required for the work had been provided by the county and the two townships interested. The County Council wa:-: willing to aid in the work, and its members so expressed them- !='elves, adding that they thought that Gl"cenoek and ('lllross. the two inh'rested to\\nships, should assume the largcr sharc of the finan- ('ial ohligations. This the two town hip councils would not do. rrhe mattcr, therefore, hac:; remained in strtlu.<: quo. For fully haU a century aftcr the first settler had entercd Greenock no ea!='i and west rO;l(l through the township had 111'(,11 opencd in that trptch of tprritory lying- lwtwP('n thc ])urham line Rnd the 12th ('oncpssion. on RCCOUllt of thp imra :,ahlc wamp. As the effect of the òrain:; or canals cut in tlw !='\\ amp hy Hpnry Cargill in his lumbering 412 AN I TELLECTUAL TRIO operations, as related in a preceding paragraph, the time cam\:.' when there arose the pos ibi1i ty of constructing a highway through the swamp. In 1899 the township voted $500 to open the 6th and 10th concession roads, this was supplemented by a grant of equal amount by the County Council and the Provincial Government, a donation of $500 was made by Henry Cargill to help this needed undertaking. The work was eommenced in l!IOO and completed in l )(n. For a number of years in the centre of the county there dwelt a group of men of marked intellectuality, of whom the leaders were \Yilliam Bradley and 'Villiam Bowes, of Greenock, and Henry Brown, of Elderslie. They have all passed away, )Ir. Bradley dying in 1892, .:\Ir. Brown in 1903, and Mr. Bowes, the last, in 1906. Robert :Munro, the editor of the Port Elgin Ti'mes, on tlw death' of thc last-mentioned of the group, wrote as foll0ws: ., By the death of )[1'. 'Ym. Bowes (,] une 1 ìth, 1906) O:le of the most remarkable of the early sett1en;; of Bruce has been taken away. Born in Rcot1and. he camp to Canada when a young man. aUll at once attracted attC:'ntion hy his wide fund of information, a<:quaint- ance with the' best literature, and intelligent interest in scientific and social prohlems. In the days of George Brown the letters of Ir. Bowes on the labor question, ethical topics, and on variou:, llbjects of interest. were frequently found in the Globe, and he contributed many an excellent article to the local press. He had a ke.>n inti,;;ive style, with a fine command of words, but his subjects were too abtrn (' for the mal;;:s of readers to get hold of. He was liberal in hi:, ,-ie\\- on theological, political ann. literary topics. \s a conversationali:,t he e-xcelled, and delighted to cross swords with men like \.ll' anaer Shaw. .J l1dgp KiIljtSml11. Henry Cargill. .J allll':O: Innes, ex-1LP.. ê1lll1 even George' Brown himself. Of the death of 'Hr. Bowes we may ;;;ay. 'Tlwre' goes t}l(' last of the Romal1 : the' last of a band of men of whom 'Bowes, Brown and Bradley' were the well-known types. He lived in Greenock till a few year:-: ago, when he came to spend his lai't days with his daughter, .:\lrs. Hanclhiclge, of Arran. The funeral took place at Pinkerton. The editor of The Times knew ::\Ir. Bowes at first haml for twenty-four years, ancl has nothing hut kindly recollections of his great ahility, almost daring humor, and intoJ- lectual hOTIPsty in (lealing with the prohlems that attract thinking 111en." 'Vith this appreciatiye pncomium of one of the prominent men of Greenock. whom the local press playfully eal1ed the "Philosopher of Greenock Swamp," the author would bring this chapter, on possibly the mo t nniqnp of the tOWTI hips in thp county of Bruce to a close. ==_. 1: r--1 =:I--J'i: n(1l i FTr--'-- " I I _ L:ì - - ,- f r+="-- l' I!:S - t I !is TEll" J\ I F.r-\----- _ ..L _ Í-L- '" t.. I , I'i i':i t>-I" - , -L- T _f---- I " S T +>- ,+ _ _ ') ,,.,. =- _ . r ,, n T ',<, , T - N f )J:1 _, \ "'" , ) <:.. T "I :::: ') ---,,- _ " " ' T :: == ì \ T f tY "",-,,'. \- q= 1 Fg - I --+--- - " _ "'\ \ ':2lt __IIri: \! _ =:I! ,,' ,f' = " oL ;,Fi I a......., '\ \ '( =-- _ _ (\ r \ -c- T ..() = _ _ '- -. \.....r" ," \ ) "'j"; , '\.. i 1 " '- _,TTI -= \ .'Y \: " ' r , (I > =- :.. !I I :: _ '7 " W '\ T ' _ _ t \ \ '\ '- ",> _ _ .I .) . /'s '\ =_ _ I-ff f ' " '!S( r- =! "" -- = _ , ':' :;_ t \- bIF. --r- ); .. ---Ie- ':{j- :: - ,t,,} .. i l" ,' >-- ---!. = I ::. - 1--- !s:1 \ ).. . - - '\ -----=-"S . _/ = 7 i ':I--,.J--- \ --=- '!i l l _ ,L , ,--,--- ,- _î __ L _ ::r-'! ., \ - :.; 7' ----r--: ;;.; \ ----'--- r- T - + _J _ I ' :-!9, back in the township, tht5e vra '"e pioneer::; being lalcolm jicHae and hi::; son .. .Big ., Duncau, _\lex. jld:ae and hi::; two sons, .. Hed " lJullcan and Donald- liuie, Finlay .JlcLdlan and their familie::;. The land they took up was on the fir::;t conceö.sion fi\e miles vack from thc lake. Of all the pionecr::; of Huron, Luui::; llellemore is creJitcd with veing the earlie.:;t, he ha Villg in the year 1t;-!t; ::;ettled on lot 19, Lake Hauge, at the mouth of the Pine Hiver. Here he had a ta\ern pàtronized Ly lamL-seeker:" the)' ueillg auout thc unly spccie::; of tra\ eUer::; that ventured intu the wilds of the county at that timc. ßellelllore sold out hi::; squattcr's rights to David Walden in the following year, when he moved north to lot (), where he again opencd a tavern, referred to in Chapter Ill. \.lllung other uf the earliest settler;:, on the lake shore might be mentioned thc name of J allle::; l{e.Ys, who haù blp.latted on lot::; 2 awl 23. He was the first to fall a \ictim to the perils attending pioneer life in the settlement. His death came about in thi wisc: In August, 1851, he was engaged in taking a raft laden with supplies to Pcnetangore, his sole companion being his step- daughter, afterwards .JIrs. Henry Teskey. H fell into the water, and although quickly pulled out, he could not be resuscitated. His \\ idow sold the squatter's rights to John Hunter. rrhere was also one Joscph Lind.:;ay who met with the sad fate that has O\ertaken lIlany a haek\\ OOdSIIl fall of a tree \\ hid. he was. cngaged ill felling. In t!.c Pine Hiver cemetery, on a tombstone more than half covered with drifting sand, there can yet be made out the words, " Joseph Lincl::;ay-1t;53." Uis widow sold out her right:; as a squatter in 1853 to Thomas \Velsh. The vicinity of the mouth of Pine Hi "-er i-.s said to }li:l\ e been, before mall had marrcd it, one of thc most beautiful spots to be found along thc lake s}lOre. Thc ri\cr's banks wcre timbcreu almost to the water's ('dge. To thc north of the ri'L'r was a g-ro,-c of r d pincs that grcw as if planted in an open park. \Vhat to-clay is drift- ing sands was at that time covered with a carpet of vegetable mould stuùded with pinü ncedles and patches of grecn moss, soft anù enjoyahle to walk upon. ...\ slcigh track was cut through the w"Dolls of Ashfield in the winter of 18-19-50, and the lake shore road through Huron was cut out in lR53, a suhstantial timbcr bridge at the same time being placed across Pine Hi,-er. Thomas nlair was thp ('on- tractor for the work done in this last-mentioned year. '''hat a lovely clri\e it \Va a}ong- that road. On one han(l, <1::' l'l'1l throu,!!h tht' l:i 418 THE LEWIS SETTLEMENT openings in the e\ergreens, was the seemingly limitles::; e:\.pan::e of the waters of Lake Huron beating with rhythmical flow on the hard, sandy beach. On the other hand was the dark verdure of the eyer- greens, through which the road had been cut, and which filleJ the air with a resinous perfume mhed at times with that of a Balm of Gilead tree. In addition to this there was always that cool exhilarat- ing freshness of the breeze that had passed over the miles and miles of waters of Lake Huron. In some places deep sand made the road heayy, but this provided an excuse to slow up and be satiated with the beauty nature had so freely supplied. This road lost much of the trayel which at one time passed over it when the Goderich road, e tending north from \.mberley, was opened. As is elsewhere pointed out, the settlern who first peopled the county of Bruce were, as a whole, of numerous and varied vo ations, and in regard to nationality they were pretty thoroughly mixed up. Th is heterogeneity Rcn Pel a good purpose in the making of t1H' county. Huron Township received at one time, in the fall of 1852, a large group of settlers, sufficient if so allocated to have taken up every lot on three concessions, who differed in every respect from the fore- going. This was the Lewis settlement. It consisted of one hundred and nine families who took up land in the centre of the township. These were all from the Island of Lewis, and had been eyicted from their croftings by their landlord, Sir James :Matheson. LabJring under the disadvantage of being able to speak English but imperfectly -Gaelic being their mother tongue, many, indeed, could speak no other-and whose calling was that of sailors or fishermen, they were utterly ignorant of how to set to work to clear up a bush farm, and lacked also the necessary experience how to work it after it had been cleared. In addition to this, being settled close together they had consequently no opportunity to study the object lesson .which a n'1tive Canadian hackwoodsman in his daily task of chopping. logging and ploughing would have set before them. Is it any wonder, then, when all thr:::p circumstances are considered, that the progrc!'s of the Lpwis settlement was at the first slow. The author has been favored by l\Ir. Angus :Martyn, of Ripley, a son of one of the Highlanders from Lewis, with a short account of the mo,ement which brought thi::: large number of families to settle in Huron. The following is :Mr. iartyn's account: "The High- landers from Lewis, Rosshire, Scotland, who settled in Huron ('migrater1 to thi!' country in ] R51. Two shipload!' left Stornoway, THE LEWIS SETTLE IE T 419 in Lewis, in that year. They were nine weeks and four days in cross- ing the Atlantic. They came on sailing vessels and landed at Quebec on the 4th August, 1851. They then went by boat to Port St. Franci , where the party of emigrants divided, the majority going to the county of Compton, Lower Canada, and the remainder went on the salllc boat to )[ontrcal, from there by another boat to Hamilton, touching at Toronto. From August to December they remained in Hamilton, the men working on the Great 'Vestern Railway, which was then in course of construction. Smallpox broke out among them in Hamilton and carried off many. In December they scattered, going to Guelph, Stratford, Galt and Goderich. All met in Goderich in the summer of 1852. Some more emigrants from Lewis came to Canada in 1852 and joined the others at Goderich in the fall of that year, when all moved to Huron Town hip in the county of Bruce. Therc wcre one hundred and nine families in all. The names of the heads of the families are gÍ\-en in a footnote} A INamps of the heads of families w10 settled on thf> 8th concession of Huron: RoJerick [('Donald, John McDonald, Donald :McDonald, (Yarrie} .Tohn :Martvn, Donald )[art 'n. Maleolm l\IcDonald, .John 1\1cDonald, Allan McLay. )[urdoch MC'Lennan. Roderick McLennan, ,101m McDonald, Malcolm MC'Donald, Angus )[urray, Donald .:\[cDonald, 1\1urdoch McLean, John 1\1c Leod, Charl!'s )[C'Donald. Donald ::\Iatheson, Donald McLeod, Murdoch Mathf>son, .John [cDonall1. :Malcolm McL('nnan, Sr., Malcolm McLennan, .J r., Donald [c L('nnan. (The)[ c Leunans came from Capp Breton.) Kames of the hf>all;; of famili('s who s!'ttled on the 7th conC'('ssion of Huron: Donald Smith, Angus Smith, .:\[alcolm McLean, William 1\1cDonald, Christina f)mith (widow), Murdoch :McLeod (Sheph('n1), Malcolm McIver, Angus McIver, Angus McDonaIa, Donald ::\lcDonald (Councillor), .John [clver, .Tam('s fdver. Donald McDonald, Allan 1\1cDonald, Donald Me Donald, Xorman )[C'L('an, .Tohn )[C'L('an, Angus l\fC'Donald, Alexander :McDonald, Donald IcDonald, Allan McLay, Angus McDonald, and .John McDonald (K('eper), and Angus Graham. Names of the heads of families who settled on the 9th and 10th ('oncessions: ::\[aJcolm Campbell, Malcolm Smith, William Smith, 1\1un10ch l\IcL('od, ,John )[C'L('od, .:\[alC'olm 1\IcIv('r (EMN), William McLeod (10), Donald l\IC'L('od, )[nlcolm McIver, Angus l\fC'Farlane (10), Kenneth Mc- Donald, Alexander :McKenzie (10). Names of the hpads of fami1i('s who settl('d on the 11th concession: Donald ::\[din.gor, John McGregor, and Murdoch .:\fcGregor. N anws of the heads of families who settled on the 5th conC'pssion: Angus McDonald, .Tohn McDonald (Dorrie), A ngns [d(a.", ,Tohn l\[cKay,. Angus l\IC'Donald, l\Iurdoch l\[C'Farlan(', Donald )[cLeod, Edward :M('L('od, l\Ialcolm McLeod, Donald )Iclver, Angus l\IcArthur, )[urdoch Martin, and .John ::\[cDonald. Kanws of the Ilf>ads of families who s('ttled on the 6th concession: .Tohn l\IcKay, )[alC'olm )[cKay, ,John M('Kay, Korman MC'Kay, Angus McKay, l\Iurdoch :McKay, Duncan McLeod, l\[alcolm M('Leod, ,John ::\{urray, Donald McLeod, .Tohn McL('od (EItler), Donald l\fcGrf>gor, Malcolm Mc- Gregor, Donald fcLeod, .John '{cArthur, Neil l\fc.\rthur, Murdoch Mc- }{itC'hie (from Cape Breton), .John '[cLp:J.n, )[alcolm lcDonald, .-\ngus 420 SAILORS NOT FARMERS proces;:; of evicting by the proprietor of the island of Lewis was the cause of the emigration of this large number from one locality. To smooth over the heartlessness of eviction the pro- prietor of the island offered a free passage to any part of Canada to anyone who was willing to emigrate, and at the same time offered to purchase their horses, cattle and sheep if they could not otherwise get sale for them. The men alllong the passengers were aU fisher- men, as accustomed to the sea as the crews of the vessels on which they crossed the Atlantic, and so during a severe storm were able to render valuable aid in weathering the gale. One of the ships lost two of her masts during this storlll and to ease her fifty tons of pig iron 'v ere cast overboard. During the first year of the settlement in Huron these hardy pioneers had to get their supplies, flour, etc., in Goderich, from which place they brought them on their hacks, along the lake shore to the foot of the eighth concession, and thence home t rough the hush." If these Highlanders came into the bush lacking in the knowledge possessed by an experienced backwoodsman, they "ere not lacking in physical strength and powers of endurance. It is related of one, who having purchased a hundredweight of flour at Kincardine, pro- ceeded to carry it on his back the long fourteen miles to his shanty. He could have carried it in a bag, but on a barrel being offered him as a present, he placed the flour therein, and solely that he might have the barrel for use at home, shsirps to (>X'Il"t'SS J,is thanks to 'fro W,'lsh for a numh(,T of f3('ts !"egaT/ling thl' sf'ft}f>J)Jf'nt of Huron township. whid\ h(' JI3.!'I incorpor:ltr(] in tl,is ('hal'tpr. anll to T('('oJJ1JJ1pnfl to an who ('an ao So th(> prps(>rvation of a m('nt and the Woods of OUT County," writt('n hy )fr. \Y('Ish. whi!'h a 1'1 H'arNI in the ]fin('ardinc J:el'Ï('1{' in tll(' Rpring of 190-t. =l.: trad from thf Killf't1rtlillr Redell'. 422 PIXE RIVER ladder. The roof was just a little aboye our heads, and in the morning the ceiling was coated with frost from the air breathed by the men; our cowhide boots, in which we had tramped through slush and water in going to the mill, and which had been thoroughly soaked on our arrival, were frozen as stiff as bricks, so that we coilld not get them on until after thawing them out by the siJe of the f3tove." There were many Highland Scotch settled in Huron other than those from Lewis. The combination resulted in the number of , :Mac's" being in such execss, that nicknames had to be used to designate the individual-such as little, big, red, black, long, short, and other adjectives. It is said that in school section No. 5 the John 1\IcDonalds had to be separately designated by a letter of the alphabet, as John \.,' John B., and so on, until John U. closed the list. The Donald IcDonalds were as numerous, and were similarly treated, requiring all letters from "_\.." to "U" to dis- tinguish one Donald from another. "Pine River" was the name of the first post-office established in Huron. J. \V. Gamble was the first postmaster. This office was not located where the present " Pine River" office is, but on the lake shore, near the mouth of the river, and was opened in 1853. The mails were delivered by the Goderich and Kincardine mail carrif'r, who passed to anrl fro each way thrice a week on horsehack. The author remembers on one occasion in the fifties travelling for company's sake with the mail carrier, each on horseback, and both mere lads. It was a warm summer morning as they leU Pine River for Kincardine, and the cool waters of the lake looked so tempting that the rlf'spntl'h r('qnired in the c()nYC' 'ance of Her )Iajest .' mail was forgotten for half an hour, while the two lads frolicked in the wa ter. The first- sawmi11 in Huron is saia to havp bpf'n built in 1855 at Pine River by \Villiam Blair, and was run by his two sons, Tho:na and George. The mill and water" privileges were purchased some five years later by John Hicks, who had preyiously filled the position of head miller for William Sutton at Kincardine. 1\1:r. Hicks on coming intn poss('ssion ar1rlC'cl a grist mill to the plant. Thpse mills were successfully run until a freshet. which occurred in 1868, destroyed both clam and mills. In 1856 Capt. Henry C. OambIe. an Irish gpntleman of some means, came to Pine River on a visit to his brothC'r, J. W. Gamble. PIXE PUIXT 4 3 The locality struck his fancy, and he decided to remain and do his utmost to deyelop into a business centre the town plot at the mouth of the river, surveyed in 1855, which consisted of parts of lots 1:-; to 22 of the Lake Hange. The survey was known as the Alma town plot. Capt. ( amhlc obtained a transfer of the rights to the ea:::t half of lots 16 and 17 adjoining t1).e Alma survey, and here h8 proceeded to crect a saw and grist mil1. The goyernment shortly after commenced the erection of the lighthouse! at Pine Point. The combination of this work with Capt. Gamble's efforts made quite a stir for ome time in the neighborhood of .. The Point." ::;hort1y aftcr the opening of the Goderich Road the Pine River post-01lit:e was moyed to its pre ent morc central locality, The loss of the offit"(' was followed by the forwarding of a petition asking for a post-office at "The Point," which was granted, and in 1860 Lurgan post-office was there openeù, but subsequently moved further north. The name is that of a town in the north of Ireland, said to be the native place of Capt. (:amhle'. Thc attpmpt to dmelop a town at Alma or Lurgan proyed to be a complete failure. After the sinking of a large amount ('apt. (:alllhk. gaye' np the attf'mpt and n-tnrIlf'!l to thl' Old ('ountry. \rhen the municipality of the united townships in the count.,. of Bruce was dissohed,2 at the cnd of 1833. and six municipalities formed out of it. the township of Huron was found to have a suffi- ciently large population and an aggregate a sessment large enough to be able to a:-:sume the re'sponsibility of separate municipal existence, unlike most of the other town:::hip-: in thc county, which had to unite in partnerships of twos nnd thref' . The nffairs of the yonng muni- cipality in 1854, th(' first year of its existf'nc('. Wf'rf' in the han(lg of a Township Council compOEed of \\ïIliam Blair, Uoht. Huston, \Yil1iam \\ïlson awl baml.le1 'fright, OH-1" w lirh .fohn TT nntt'r. a.., ree\-e, pre:,:ided; J. \V. Gamble acted a;; c1erk and ,T ohn Camphell as treilsnrl'r. rn a footnot('3 tlu\1"P i giwn tJl(' nall1l':': of :111 \\ ho hay,- haa the honor of the recye:;;hip conferred upon them. Tn the ye,lr IThf' Point ('lark, or Pille' Point, lighthons ' I'OIlHnl'll('(\d to sho\\ its light in IS.ïn. It is a circular stone building, Si fl't't high. TII(' h('ight of the light ahovc laigh-wat('r is 93 f('('t, and is visihl(' for fift('l'n milt's. The light is \\ hat is kno\\ II :is a r('volvillg 011f', and shows a whih' light every thirty sf'f'OJHls. Sl'c ..\l'pewlix F. 3Names of tht' r('cvcs of tll(' to\\n..hip of Hurnll from lS:i-l to l!ltlG illclusiv ' : .fohll Hnlltl'T, IS:ï-l. 'Ii: ; illian Hyslop, IS.ï.ï; fal('olm fd,f'n- nan, ] .ïl;. ';; i; .r oh II (;0011, I ,",,is, ':in. .';i; Uollt. .1 oh nston, hHtI, 'H , .,a, "i;), 'Iili, 'Ii , '1m, '70, '77; .Tohn )f('La ., ISfìl; John Stl'wart, 1'\71. '7 , 'j: , 'it: ThOllut.. 1'1'1111'11, IS7;). '7fì; D:".jcl 1It'I\ll,'rsoll, 1'\'jS, ï!), ' .', ."'1, .", , 424 A MUNICIPAL DIFFICULTY 1855 there appears in the minutes of the United Counties Council, January session, in the "Report on the Validity of the Election of Councillors," the following 1'6 ., Certificate of the township clerk of Huron to the effect that Xinian Hyslop was duly elected town reeve. \Ve find no evidence that the oath of qualification has been taken, nor is there any reason why this oath should be omitted." On the report being presented to the County Council the following motion to enable "Mr. Hyslop to take his seat was carried, "That the affidavit of the clerk of the township of Huron to the effect that there were no parties rated in the township of Huron to a sufficient amount (.f100) to enable them to take the oath of qualification is satisfac- tory."l The above incident is recorded to show the impoyerished circumstances of the first settler::: in the township. In a wealthy community such as now resides in Huron, it seems incredible that there was a time in the history of thc township when there was not one ratepayer who had enough of worldly goods to be a sessed for four hundred dollars. The po!'t-office at Rjpley was estnh1ished.Jn lR5G at lot 4, eonces- sion 8, township of Huron. The fir:::t po.;;tmasH'r was 1L )IacLpnnan,2 He had the office for two year:::, and was succeeded by Thoma:;: Harris, the office being then located at his hOlli e on lot 2, concflssion 8, Kin- ]os . John Brown was the next postmaster, and the office was moved to lot 1"2, concession 7, Huron. The next move of the post-office was '83; .John Ballantyne, 1884, '8:5, '86, '87; John S. 1\IcDonald, IMS, '89, '90, '91; Robert Thompson, ] 92, '93, '94, '95, '96; Richard R0bprtson, 1897, '98, 'D9, 1900, '02; G. H. Humphre rs, 1901; James Brown, 1903, '04, '05, '06. IMr. Joseph Barkcr, who succeeded 1\Ir. Gamble, in 1855, to the office of township clerk, wrote to the author in regard to this incident as follows: " The council-elcd for 18,:5,) were all fresh men, and the clerk, J. W. Gamble, felt sore and refused to give Ninian Hyslop the certificate required to ('nable him to take his spat; because of such ref uRal the Council bounced :Mr. Gamble and appointf'd the writer as clerk, and requested me to go with the reeve-elect to Goderich and explain the reason why :Mr. Hyslop could not get his certificate from :Mr. Gamble. The Counties Council, after hearing my statement, decidpcl, by resolution, that :Mr. Hyslop might take his seat on my giving certificate, which was done." :Malcolm :MacLennan was long connected with the township of Huron. He was reeve of the township in 1856, '57, was a member of the Township Council for two other years, and fined the office of township clerk for t('n years. He came, in .July, 1852, from Cape Breton, with his father, to Goderich. In the following year they took up land on the 8th concession of Huron. It was not until January, 1856, he settled on this lot, having followed school-teaching in the interim. He was the third person who filled the position of teacher of the Kincardine Public School-this was in 1854. J\Ir. MacLennan somp years ago moved to Algoma, where he still resides. A post-office there bf'ars his name. HlPLEY 425 a permanent one. Donald )IcDonald, the next postmaster, resideLl on lot 13, concession 7, and there the village bearing the name of the po t-otfice developed. The successor in otlice to )Ir. :\IcDonalù was Paul D. [cInnes. 0n the death of the latter the office '\a gi\ell to his widow. '" Bipley '"1 \\ as the name cÙllfern'd upon thi:, post- office in 1851i, and was retained until 1874, the year Paul D. McInnes wa appointed postmaster. He, wishing to have a name somewhat consonant "ith the nati\e land of the majority of the population, agitated for a change of name, which was granted, and " Dingwall ,. became tlw name of the post-office. But as the railway station was called Hipley, and as this name had been aS60ciated for so many years with the post-office, it was found necessary to re\ert to the old name and in 1t;80 the post-office again bore the name of Ripley, which it has retained. 'Yhen the railway company made Ripley a station, business soon focu:3sed there. The year 187-1, which wit- nessed the opening of the railway, also witnessed the erection of a number of buildings at Ripley. In the following year a ,isitor reported thc yi11agy as hm ing both a grist and a sawmill, six stores and a Presbyterian church. hortly after this the town hall 'Vi'S built, awl al::,o tIm:'p grain :;;torehonscs required by grain buyers, whosp efforts made Hipley a gooc1 grain market. _\.s the village developed. the desire was felt by the inhabitants to have cOIJlplete control OVl'r local improvement::::. To obtain this the County Council was petitioned to create Ripley into a police yillap-p. which was granted. The first Roarc1 of Trustee=-, "ere eleded in Jannary, 1Rf)R. For y "l'e :; for joh work W,13 startl'll in the villagp hy H. r. CIHlp1ll31l ahollt jK !'. Tn ]R!) he comlllPnf'pd the i sue of a newspaper calletl The Enquirc,. which name \\ a:-: ('hangl'd some two years later to that of The Ripley E:cpress, a npw:;;paper that still flonrishes. The t;fO Pr(' hyterian churches at Ripley had a a common orig"n the first ('{fort:;: to hold rpligions servicl's w]ll'n the settlement W;J-; but youn,!!'. In ]K,j.) a catl'C"hi:;t lahored in rT nron holcling ,"nïC'''5 u. Ripky .. i... tIlt, nan1\' of a tCl\\n in [)\'rI' shirt" Englan,l. 426 CHrRCHES in the Gaelic language. The e were held in private houses or barn according to circumstances. In time the catechists wcre succeeded by students and probationers, and efforts were then made to organize a congregation and erect a church. These efforts were so successful that in 185b a church was built on lot 14 on the 6th concession. It was built of hewed logs, and was supposed to seat four hundred persons. The congregation which worshipped there was one in a union charge, the other congregation bcing in the township of As11- field. It was some years before a minister was regularly settled oyer these two congregations, the first being the Rev. Alexander Grant. The total stipend paid him was but $700, half of which was paid by each congregation. Services were held in each church on alternate Sundays. As the congregations grew it was decided to make of each a separate charge. This was in 1875. Rev. )11'. Grant continued with the Ashfield congregation, leaving the Huron congregation to seek a new minister. Tn trying to decide who this should be a split in the congregation occurred. The majority decided to build a church at Ripley. This they did. erecting a frame building (subsequently veneered with brick) calculated to seat about four hundred and fifty worshippers. This congregation was known as that of Knox Churc-h, while the old church and congregation bore the name of the Huron Church. The Rev. Adam )1cKay was the minister called to Knox Church. His successors have been the Rev. ...\le"\.ander Sutherland, the Rev. C. Sinclair, the Rev. F, J. )1a"\.we11, ann. the R{'y. \Y. A. Bremner. The Huron church called the Rev. .A. F. IcQueen, who remained in charge until 1893. The Rev. R. McLeod i3 his suc- ces:::or. This congregation in 1886 built a new church in Ripley a commodious building of brick, with a seating capacity for five hundred, the cost being about --l,500. Before the congregation deserted their old church, services used to be held at Ripley. in the town hall, on Sunday afternoons, in the Engli h language. ervices in both Gaelic and English are still conducted in Huron church. In Knox Church only English is used. The sturdy type of settlers who cleared and settled the township of Huron ha,-e heen succeeded by a generation who well maintain the :-;hmdanl of thpjr forhl'ars. Those of t1Wl1l who have ol1ght a wider field of action haye as a rule been successful, and have made for them ph'e a nam{'. while they who remain on the old homestrads may be depended upon to keep their native to,,-nship in the front rank of the municipalities of the county of Bruce. ;/ / ){ /.x. A /- - .---t- if - ""'Ijl 1 _I-- _ .to "- -S.. "t" \ " -...:.= ---= f-- -- - ') ---8 I) (-f----- ""\.:.- tT /' f<- m - - -- -- f s _ : II ___..J / .t9 - (... , ''\ -..} --;. 1= "'-= ) _ . \ ;>0 ii-I _f--- f-ki \.rh 6> - _ \ "\... 1 \ ,"\ _. \ '\ \ r-" ,'\ . -I \ ) I '- N I Ñ"\ \ .__ : - '1"".:. \ 7 \ -t-- 1 _ \ \.. \ "--..: e-- Qo r '= -=: -, :t - i - f n ) ( Ok'ò';t , +-- \; -:"-, ;.. -- - : - 1 '--- ';rNI'J "'.......... \ I J---W =: :=.. __ 1\ T-"\ \. ,l - ': -=- - \ - --, j : Ë= \ __ 'i \ \.1' >0 _ _ I --- I ') \ '\ '\ ___ +'1 -1 -i t!E - j \ "\ CG t'. I :' ht= - \ \ \ - ..... I) ::! );, --- '\ , t "7 I: : L - i --\' f-- -= - - \, 1 J J: ) - i '" It=- 1 . "lI1 _I \ I, ( / -= Ii--- I , f I - ( Ir"" r\ i \ ( I .., - j :i Itf.ti " ') \-\"\ 11;< 1- I-:- '" " f- L I- .<4 ' I 11\ ) 1 è. . . I"?I II"?"''' .. 1 , .""' I I: I;. "" I _''''!n .ffi m ' ;< y " ,:1- 1 ' I :; Wo:; rll > I-I' "",_.._.... n.,.............. " K '- t 11 J :.. /f " l1' - I '" '" I ... 1... M J I Ii'. ;::..:.. Tt::': ,,= 'k M I ... ....1 "> ... K'I? '<) "' î 'f N()C) L' +-1:= I ': '.' , , 8 1 1iVva., \ J ì I - .,. I) ! ï I' I I I l' ! T =r nTl 11 T l' T ;I ' l r ! I " I -: I ',: I . 1Wl)T > ç- -- ? I, " I I=---- -P I 'II - -- <.,) jdll!11 I IJJr' - J - _ / ;V -_.:- - - - r----- -- CHAPTEH XXXII. .. TOWSSIIIP OF 1{ISGARDISB.l EXTRACT FRO::\I THE REPORT OF CoU TY VALUATOR , 1901. ,e This township has a very considerable portion of rough land, broken by creeks that are very injurious, rendering agricultural pursuits difficult, many farms "ith scarcely a level field upon them, These remarks apply to that portion of the township south of the 6th concession. There is considerable light, sandy land in this township. Two strips cross from north to south and average f om one anù a half to two miles in width. 'l'here is also considerable light and stony land on the Lake Range. In builùings this township has not kept pace with adjoining municipalities, excepting the northern portion, which will compare very favorably with other parts of the county. The rate per acre for Kincardine township is $32.45. The rate lJer acre of village property in this township is about 34 cen tH. ' . THE suney of Kincardine Township was not made, like that of most of the townships in the county, as a whole and at one time, but in three sections and in different years. .As related in Chapter II. ill I H L .Alex. \\ïlkin on. P. L. ., surveyed the Lake Range lots, and in 18-18--19 A. P. Brough, P.L.8., laid out the Durham Road and threc ('()nl"l' ::,iolls to the north and south of it. Then followed, in 1850, the suney of the remaining portion of the town hip, which included concC';o:sions four to tweh'e. This la t survey wa::; made by J. \V. Bridgland, P.L. ., under circumstances mentioned in Chapter Y. The lands in Kincardine were among those spt apart as school lands, the price of which at first was fixed by the Crown at 12s. 6d., hut sllhsC'fJ.l1ent Iy TPdl1crà to IDs. In Appendi'{ H is given a copy of thl"' a(hprti (,IlI('nt offering- the lands in the township for sale,2 which were among the first in the county offered for sale. He Kincardin(' " is one of the tit]('s of thl' Gov('rnor-G('n('rn] of Canada in office at t}w time th(' surve.v of the e e Queen's Bush" was mad(', viz., the Enrl of Elgin anù Kincarùiu('. In t}lf' outliJ\(' map of th(' propos('(] to? nships in the" Quef'n's Bush" rf'f('rred to in Chapter n. t}w nam(' first writtf'n as that of this township was "Lambert," while t1w name "Kincardine JJ appears on that now known as " \\'al1a('('," in the county of Perth. Thesc two namcs there E1how as h('ing f'ross('(l out and the pr('s('nt nam('s written in with lead- ('('nci!. zThf> entri,-s in th(' hookq of th(' CrowD Land D('fHutJJl('nt show that the first sa](' was mad" on .\ugust l!)th, l ;)l, to Sam Sp]an, of lot 2G, ('onCE'S- sion 3, RD.R. 429 430 PIONEERS For the first ten years of its history Kincardine was the leading township in the county of Bruce. This was brought about by the comparative readincss of access thereto by water, giving it not only the earliest of the pioneer settlers, but also the largest number of them. That it was the senior township in the pioneer days is borne -out by the corporate name by which the municipality of the county was then known, namely, "The Luited Towm hips of Kincardine and the remaining townships within the county of Bruce." Leading, therefore, as Kincardine did, in settlement and also in municipal mattl'r . the author has, in the writing of this History, been led to record, in Chapters III., IV. and V., relating to the history of the county at large, many early events especially associated with Kin- cardine, and the reader of these pages of the township's history is asked to recall what is written relating to it in the above-mentioned chapters; and as until .1 anuary 1st, 1858, the village of PE'uetangore was unincorporated and formed part of the township of Kincardine, the history of the village at first was that of the township, so that the chapter following this, on the town of Kincardine, must also be \.Consulted to obtain a complete historical narrative of the township. The first settlers to enter the township, as well as the first in the county, were Allan Cameron and 'Ylll. \Yïthers, who in the spring of 1848 settled at the mouth of the Penetangore Riyer, months before the town-plot of Kincardine was surveyed. During the following summer and fall, Donald, ...\lexander and John :\IcCaskill, .1 ames and Alexander :Mullroe and some others settled on the Lake Hange and ()n the North Line. .. At the same time the Durham Line received its :first settlers in the pcrsons of John C. Digman and )Iajor 'Yilliam Daniel. There wa a steady inflow of settlers into Kincardine in 18-19, who squatted on lands not yet offered for sale. Along the lake shore farm lots were taken up by George and Alex. Ross, George and Alex. J\Iurray, James, Duncan, Robert and John Rowan, :\Ialcolm, .T ohn 1lnd Murdoch l\IcLeod and Archibald Sinclair. About this time also the " free grant" lots received many settlers-so many, in fact, that I'\ IC(' Wl'ft' hpM fìr t in hi own home at Kincanlinp. afh'fwar\ls 432 HIGHLAND SCOTCH at :Mr. Rowan's at Stoney Island, then at his o\\"n hon:::e at Lorne, at 1r, John Patterson's near Tiverton, at the fir;:,t school hou::::e at Tiverton, and finally in the church built in that village. )Ir. Fraser walked five miles and a half to Tiverton e, ery Sunday, preached three hours and then walked back again. This he did for years, all without fee or reward !:iave the blessing of the Ia:3ter, whæe he was and whom he served. ::\Ir. Fraser was for some time the only one nearer than Goderich that was authQrized to perform the marriage ceremony.l Sometimes he had to travel several miles on foot for this purpose, and considered himself amply reeompcn eJ ,,, hfn a couple of dollars were pressed into his hand hy the happy bride- groom. Good old man, he re ts from his labors and ha::; his reward. He sleeps in Tiverton cemetery with many of his flock about him. His chief monument is the congregation he was so instrumental in gathering together."2 'Yhile referring to the Highland Scotch settlers, so numerous and influential in Kincardine, the memory of the author reverts back to a long list of prominent men who had the prefix" )[ac;' to their surname: l\1cLeod, 1cDonald, :UcKenzie, :Md\:ay, )1(: Kinnon, )1cLean, IcLennan and others, and he feels at a loss whom to par- ticularize. There was :Murdoch (Elder) l\1cLennan and Donald his nallle ake on the same concession; J. P. Idntyre, for seven years reeye; )1urdoch l\1cLeod, also a ree, e, and latcr township treasurer for years. There are the )1cDougald brothers on "the tenth"- )Ialcolm, Allan, J olm, Donald, Charles and X eil, sons of Donald )1cDougald. The l\1cEwens on "the boundary," who have sent several of their sons into the ministry; and many others. as well as those mentioned who were not " 1acs," the Campbells, )[athesons, Frasers and Rowans, men who have done their part faithfully. Beside!' the Highland Scotch, the township had among its original !'f'ttlers many fine men of Lowland Scotch, English, and X orth of Ireland origin. Of Lowland Scotch lineage there was " illiam :ì\Iillar, who gave his name to a post-office on the Durham Road, and who was reeve or deputy reeve of the township for over a dozen years; his namesake also at Bervie, the owner of one of the finest farms in the township; 'Yil1iam and John Reekie, the founders of Armow, and IJames Millar, who had charge of :Mr. Sutton's mill from 1834- ';)6, says !hat one day a young man and woman came in with a small grist. Leaving It to be ground, they started afoot and walked the four miles of rough road to the Rev. Mr. Fraser's, were married, came back for the grist and then off to their shanty in the bush. A marked contrast to the t'xt;nded honeymoon trips of the prescnt (lay. 2The Rev. \\"m. Fraser was a native of Invernesshire where he was IHlrn in 1800. His death occurred August 30th, 1883. ' THE EAH.LY ROADS 433 :Forues Hobert:5on. ,rhile as representative of tho::ìc of English birth there might be mentiuned \\ïlliam and George Daniel, \\ïlliam '\Tithers, Samuel A\-er)' anù John ellery, men who did yeoman ser- \- ice in the development of the township. It is in the vicinity of Bervie that wé find the largcst number of S orth of Ireland men, and the fine farms the) hewed out of the bush speak, olumes as to their worth as settlers. As in all backwoods settlements, the roads, so-calleù, in pioncer days followed a blaze made by an a e on the trees. ettlers landing at Kincardine and seeking to reach the Durham line left the town- plot by way of Russell Street. )Iajor 'Yilliam Daniel relatcs the following recollections in regard to this entrance to the township: ,. 1 reUlcmoer whcn }'rank Bone mO\ed in; he had a sleigh-load of furniture, provisions, a stove, besides various boxes and bags. The blaze led down the hill past the .English church. There were 110 roads or bridges; it was a case of climb mounds and slide down hollows. :Mr. Bone found it so rough that he was afraid to drive his horses down the hill, so after unhitching them he let the sleigh go down alone. Before reaching the bottom it capsized and scattered the load broadcast." Of his own e perience )lajor Daniel says: " The first load I hauled in was by sleigh in winter time. I had to drive the horses through the rivers, as the ice was not strong enough to bear them. It was late in the day whe>n we reached my hanty, and wet as the horses were I had to picket them to the trees all night without anything to eat." of a slightly later date the ::\[ajor says; " \.t Lot HI on the Durham Hoad there is a hill; at the foot of it the road was crossed by a small stream. The oxen. by constantly slip- ping down, hatl at Utis point rut the road into a slough that was about three feet deep and thirty feet in length. Coming down this hill ox- sleighs would shoot out of sight in the mud and water. Sometimes the drivers would be unfortunate enough to tumhle into the mud, and on passing my place. some rods farther 011, presented a sorry sight." The promisp of thp f:mernment to open up the> llUrham Rna(l was cnrried out, as far as Kincardine wa concprned, in thp summer of ] R51, G(>orge .Tackson, the rrown land agent, reporting undcI" {late of .Tuly l th of that y('ar that the Durham linC' wa opened. c1earpd anc1 causewaypd. 1 ThC' reac1<>r of to-day h()u1l1 !lot h(> rarriNl away with the thought that the work reporh"d as finished furni h(>d easy acce s to the haek country, or rnnLlcd tran'} to be IWl8; Wm. Mdlnr, part of 1 :)9, 1860 to 1870; Thomas Blair. 1"71, '72; .Tohn Corbett, 1 73 to 1880, anù 18Sû' :M. lcKin- non, ISS1, ',"2; \Vm. Rcekie, 1 S:1, 'SI. 'S:i; Thomas Braùlev' LD. 1887 '89. '9?, '91, '9 ; L. T. Blanù, 1""8, '93, ' )i, '93, '96; LIW;' rù Sh wfelt: ]897, 98; Robpr..! , ohnston, IS9!}, 19110; F. Colwell, 1901, '02, '03, '04; .J ohn Evans, 190.), 06. 4: G CAPTAIX DUNCAK UOWAX called rort Head, was opened in 1857. For a time the prospects of the little burg were bright, but in the fall of 1851 an unusually sc\Oere storm carried away the wharf and storehouse with its contents. This catastrophe proved a death-blow to Port Head. The mill was closed down in 1858, :Ur. )lcLeod moved his store, building and stock, to Kincardine, and rapidly the village faded away. Captain Rowan lost heavily by this venture. 1 As the settlers along the Durham line saw Cowan Keyes carrying Her )fajesty"s mail, slung over his shoulder, on his wearisome tramps to and fro between Penetangore and Durham, they quickly arriwd at the conclusion that with very little extra cost to the Province there might be opened, for their conveniencc, a post-office some\\ here between Kincardine and Greenock. This the Department acquiesced in, and in 185;3 a post-office named Benie 2 was opened on lot 53, coneession 1, S.D.n., of which "Nicol :McIntyre was appointed post- ma::-:tcr. an offi('(' he held until his death nearly fifty years later. The post-office, of course. gave a name to the locality, and it seemed but natural that a village should there spring up. Both the 50th and 60th side-road corners put forth efforts to have the village. At the last-mentioned corner John :McKinney had a tavern, ana near-by, through his efforts, a Presbyterian church 3 was erected. ..At the other lCaptain Duncan Rowan was a native of Argyleshire, Scotland, where he was born in OctobeJ:, 18 2. He inherited an instinct for sailing from his father, who claimed to have piloted the first steamboat that steamed on the Clyde. Captain Rowall, along with his brother, John, settled at Stoney Island in February, 1849, as is narrated in Chapter III. In the following year he forsook farming to take command of a small schooner, the " Mary Ann," which he sailed during the seasons of 1850, '51. Fol- lowing that, he commanded the schooner" Emily," 1852- '55; the steamer " Ploughboy " in 1856, '57; the " Islander," 1858, '59; the " Kaloolah " in 1860; the" V alley City" in 1861, '62; then the" Bruce," the II Silver Spray," and the " Horton." He closed his career as a sailor in 1871 and retired to his farm. Ultimately he moved to Kincardine, where he died, July 20th, 1903. In 1852 he married Miss McLean. She sailed with him on the lake for years. Her manner, so quiet, retiring and ladylike, would not lead a stranger to suspect that she possessed a knowledge of seaman- ship and of skill as a wheelsman which was exceptional and unexpected in a woman and which in emergencies proved of great service. On the occasion of the collision of the " Silver Spray" with another steamer in the St. Clair River, Captain Rowan was instrumental in rescuing thirty- nine persons, who but for his efforts would have been drowned. Between Captain Rowan and the author there existed a warm, appreciative friendship, extending over nearly half a century, the memory of which the latter will ever cherish. The hearty Highland welcome and honest handshake he extended to his friends was characteristic of the man-a man known to all travellers who came to the county of Bruce before the day of railroads. 2N amed after a sea-coast town in Kincardineshire, SC0tland. 3The Rev. WaIter Inglis held services there. The building was of frame, about 30 x 50 feet, placed broadside to the road, from which two doorways gave entrance. A few marble gravestones in what was the graveyard are all that now marks the spot. EGYPT 437 corner a store and a ::.awmill were to be found, and gradually at this point the VIllage of Bervie developed, the school-house, the Church of England, the Idhodist church and the Orange Hall being the earliest puIJlic buildings erected. \t one time Ben ie had two sawmills, a planing mill aIll!. a grisE mill, but it is not as well off to-day in the lilatter of indu trie . It has three hand ome churches and is the c ntre of trade for a large sèction of the farming community. One of its merchant:,. \\ïlliillll HpnJersoll, has Lecn in business there for over thirty years. Its ph}sician, Dr. Thomas Bradley, had been a resident of Bervie since ISlH. The little, illage of \rmow, in the centre of the township, had 3:s its founder \\ïlli,lm Beckie. who in 185-1 there built a saw and gri.;;t mil1. In cptember, 1 5-;', a po t-office was opened bearing the name of Reekie, with Joseph 8hier as postmaster. In 1868 he resigned the posi tion, and the oflì.ee "as closed. In the following Jear the post-office was reopened nnder the name of ....\rmow, with Caleh Rennet as postmaster. .About the same time the first store at this point wa opf'TIPd by _\.Ipx. Gardner. \s the t0wn hall is at Armow it is quite proper to call it the hub of the township. ....\ portion of the township bears the nickname ., Egypt:' 'Irs. John lleekie gives the origin of the name as follows: "That part of the tenth cOIlcC's ion that lips cast of the 20th side-line was named , Egypt' through a rr. B,\ll. who wa perhaps thp first pathmaster appointed in that Rf'('tion of the township. lIe was such a hard taskma t(\r that IH\ ,,'a::; l.alll'd 'Pharaoh,' and the section over which 11l' pn' i(lpd wa:-; Hampel' E!!\ pt.' lie wa C\er aftl\r known as 'the Kin of Egypt: That part of the 'Tpnth' ucÌ\H'en t1I(' 20th and the ].)th icess to the town accomplished. " On the in ide 1 have made a reserve for a small basin of 5 1-2 acres in extent, should the importance of the place justify thf' outlav for the construction of it. The ground is composed of low flats, and THE NATIVE WOODS 4-l1 i:::; situated at the foot of nu sell btreet on Huron Terrace, awl as the river in its natural statei::; very narrow, such a basin is abso- lutely necessary to accommodate any considerable amount of trade; and as the country in the rear of })enetangore is a noble tract for agricultural purposes, it ma} be c).pected that at no distant day Penetangore will become an important shipping port for agricul- tural produce. ,. The timbcr within the town reserve consÍ:::;ts of hcech, maple, elm and hemlock chiefh, and a few oak are met \\Íth on the north side of the to\\ n, lHlt tÌlere is no pine of any consequencc with the e)'c('ption of a narrow belt of small red pine on the margin of the beaeh, that mu t prove of mUt"h a(hantage to the fir t settlers, but is of no importance as an artiele of trade. t'TIH'l'c are three mill-sites laid olf within the town reserve, the lowest 011 the riH'r heillg the prl' cllt sawmill lately ereded by )[r. Wïthers. 1t is a suhstantial, \\ ell-framed building, and was in full operation during the la t summer and fall; and )[1'. \Vithcr in- formed me that it \\ a:::; his inrcntion to build a grist mill during the current season, so a:-: to h<\\ e it in operation by the summer of It;51. )[1'. \\ïther:, propo:::;e:; to ha\c '{ 1-2 feet of hcarl water to supply his mills, and by allowing him to raise his dam so as to ohtain that head there will he no impediment caused hy hack watN to the efficient working of the other mills, situated the onc on lot So. 4 on Park tr('ct, antI tlw other on park lot Xo. 2 on \relling-ton An nllP; the fornll'r mill site had an elevation of 13 1-4 feet above the h..d of the fhmw at tllP :l\nnill owmd. by 'Cr. \\ïthp1's, and the mill Bite on lot \0. ? " ('lliIlgton J..venuf', has an elC\'ation of 111-2 feet ahove the :-:ame point. "I have rf' f'r\"('(l park lot O. 9 on the east hl(' of Park Street, five a('re in (''(tPIIL a:' a puhlic hurial ground for the n (' of the town. J had no ùir('dions in my in...truc-tion to do :-:0, hut tlw mattf'r was o pl('a ing to tl}íl spttle'rs and is in it:'f'1f of o much imphrtance, that T !'hòuld hope the Oeparbl\e'nt will give the .ll1dion to it. "T haY(. made no r(' l 1'VC for chu1'"lws or :-:('hool-h()u c , as I consÎclN that any of th(' huil(ling lot would sum('( for that pur- po ('. a11l1 parti(', wi!'hing to erect church(' . hy applying to the nf'partHwnt win hav(' nc, (lifficu1ty, I conceive, in procuring suitahle sit(' , ('ithC'r grati:, or at a modf'rate pnrcha:::e "TIll' riwr PPH('bmgor(> is F:O \\ inding in its cours(' that most of th(' strpf't ha\'(' to crn:-:,.: it. allrl in <;:plC'ding the' p() itions of the Ff'\ Nal t r('l'ts r wa guirl('(l hy tll(> prin('ipl(' of making tlwIn cross th(' ri\(')" at th(' 1II0...t f,l\orahl(' point..:. fnr C'rpding hriclgl'.... lWIll'C the wii1th of thc hlock, ('\b'll/ling from ,tr('I't to :-:tr('pt ar(' not of uniform dinwn iom:. hy r('a on of \\ hidl t1u" il.c of th(' huilclin lots on some 442 THE PIONEERS of the .3treets are half an acre, while in others, as Victoria and Princess Streets, they are only quarter acres, but half-acre building lots are the prey ailing size, and in the casc of broken lots some arc m uch larger. "There are two market-places laiù off at opposite e tremitie.s of the town, containing three and a half acres each; they are located upon dry, level ground, and are surrounùed with handsome build- ing lots of half-acre size. The Durham market is supposed to accom- modate all the settlers of the township who occupy the north .side of the Durham Hoad, while Elgill market is intenùeù for the south concesF;ion, Kincardine A venue, on which it is situated, being a con- tinuation of the south concession line. ] may ob erve in general of the park lobs, that they vary in size from 5 to 21 acres, are cOlllp03ed of a good sandy loam soil, anù are well adapted for cultivation, and would he suiteù to growing of fruit and ,-egetabll's. On the north side of Durham Street I laid off a range of one and two-acre building lots, my reason for doing so being to embrace the whole of lake lot :K o. 11, through the centre of which Durham Street runs. By this means there are none of the lake lots interfered with; those occupied by the town are entire lots and no portions of the adjoining lots are encroached on, c_ For further information 1 ...-ould heg to refer to you the fil'hl notes awl plan, where all details are fully set forth. "All of whieh is respertfully submitted. "I have the honor to he, sir, " Your very obedient servant, "ALLE PARK BnOUGH, P.L.S. "Tor.oXTo, )IAY, 1850." In Chapter III. is to be found the narrative of the settlement made at Kincardine in 1848. It is there recorded because this was the pioneer settlement of the county. The reader is asked to overlook any repetition of facts there mentioneà, it being unavoidable in order to pre ent a connected recital of e\ents in the history of the town. The undisputed distinction of being the first settlers at Kincardine belongs to Allan f1ameron and 'William 'Yithers. Shortly after the opening of navigation in the spring of 18-18 1 these two men and their effects were landed at the mouth of the Penetangore River from the schooner ownetl and sailed hy fiaptain \. :Murray Iacnregor. Close to the spot whpre they landeël they built a log house, in which Ir. Camf'l'Oll kt'pt hotel. and at a latrI' date .J ohn Kpyworth kept storl'. IThe ('xact date is said to ]lave been March 3th, ]848. FIRST SAW 1IILL 443 Some few settlers whose names are mentioned in Chapter III. joined them that summer. For the first year or ::,u the ::;eUlement was con- fined to the flats in the neighborhood of the harbor and beach. It was there that the first h\o storcs were opened. Withers' sawmill was where JIr. :\Iaepht'rson's orehard is. Patrick Downie's hotel occupied the site where stands the brick building of the Hightmeyer ;:;alt \Y orks, and Francis \Yalker's hotel stood where the storehouse of the same works is at present. The reader will bear in mind that the appearance of the town has changed most markedly in the vicinity of the harbor. The present basin has been excëlyated from a flat tract of lanù, originally well wooded. The course of the ri,-er has also been changed. Instead of flowing straight out into the lake, as at present, it took a sharp bend to the south at a point ne(lr the inward end of the south pier, and pursuing a southerly eOurse parallel to tJw beach for about three hundred Jards, and entered the lake opposite the present railway engine house, the riyer along this distance being eparated from the lake by a sand dune some twenty feet high, which sustained a stunted growth of eyergrl'em:. 'rhis sanù dune, ,dlich harn.d a horter outlet from the ri, er, was cut through at the instance of Francis " alker. Thp e:\.ad year when this was done the author has bepn unable to fix. In 18.36, the year he arrived at Kinear.1ine, he had no difficulty in stepping across the small stream which flowed through the cutting whieh had been madp. This he could not do when he reached the original mouth of the rivC'r, the flow of water there h(.ing too clN'P' That fall all/l winter contractors .were at work drÌ\ ing pi1C's for the two piers; hetween these the spring freshet of lS57 ponl'f'1l it water , C'nlarging thC' chamwl, whieh since then has been the outlet of the river into the Jakp. To engagC' in lnmhpring ('C'ms to hm p hC'C'n 'fl'. " ithf'rs'l object in coming into thp hnsh, F:O he proreeJpd to erect a dam and sawmill, which "as in operation the following year. The spot where it was huilt is fully rcf.'rrf'd to in the chapter on "The Pionpcrs," and furthpr parti(.nlars are giYf'n plF:pwlwre in this chapter. Tn 1R49 two stores were openpd at Kincardine. The names of f}wsc tno enterprising merchants were .John Riach (pronounced Ray '\VIII. \\ïtJ!I'rs "as a nativ(> of Portsmo1lth, :EngJantl. and had rpsic1('i! in the county of Oxfonl prioT to coming to Bruce. During tJw lat(,T years of his rpsid,'n('(> at Kincariline he 1111('(1 the position of Inland HI'\"pll\II' Oflì,'pr. In 1......1 hp mO\Pl1 to tJl(' tate of Or('gnn, r(>sic1ing at .\storia, whert' he dipt1 in I 'ì , ag('c1 "1. 444 WILLIA1r1 RASTALL by the settlers) and .William Rastall. 'Yhich took precedence as to the time of commencing business' is hardly worth discussing, though each has partisans to sustain their claim to this honor. John Riach had in earlier life been a cOlllmercial trayeller for a Glasgow firm Oil the Continent. Coming to Canada, he tried his hand at farming, some- where near Goderich. Not succeeding thereat, he purchased a small stock of good8 and came to Penetangore, with the intention of developing a trade there, and" grow up with the place." Building a small board shanty, near where the railway station is now, he there kept store for some time. His wife was the. eldest daughter of Thomas Harris, a prominent man in the early settlement of Kincardine Town- ship, who built for the accommodation of his son-in-law's business the frame building on the west side of the market square, still standing, and known for years as the British .American HoteJ.1 'Yilliam Rastall, prior to his settlement at Kincardine, had carried on a trade with the Indians at Saugeen, as related in Chapter III. During the first twenty years of the history of Bruce no one filled a more prominent position, or was more generally esteemed, than 'Yilliam Rastall, and it is with pleasure that particulars of his life, obtained largely from his son Herbert and his brother Richard, are given in the accompany- ing footnote. 2 tAfter Riach went out of business this stand was occupied by James Legear; on his leaving it (about 1854, '55) the building for forty years was used as an hotel, the first tenant being Thomas Kennard, who was succeeded by George Smith. 2"ilIiam Rastall was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Decemher 16th, 1827. When he "as but six years of age his father, Dr. Samuel Rastall, emigrated to C:mada and settled at Goderich. At the age of fourteen he went to Saugeen, under an engagement with Hugh Johnston, at that time engaged in trading with the lndians. Later on, when he was only about seventeen years of age, \Villiam Hastall engaged in the same business on his own account at Saugeen; subsequently, in 1849 he commenced a general mercantile business at Penetangore, his first shop being a " lean- to " at the side of Allan Cameron's tavern. Latf'r on he removed to a log house he had built on the south side of the Market Square, where the planing mill now stands. This gave place to a block of frame buildings which he was occupying when he sold out his stock and mercantile interests to Joseph Cooke in 1856. After that, for a number of years, he conducted a conveyancing and insurance business. In 1880 he removed to OrangeviIle, where, in company with his son-in-law, J. H. Brownell, he published the Orangerille .Advertiser, which they conduded for several years, when :Mr. Rastall removed to Detroit, where he died, October 18th, 1890. Mr. Rastall married, in 1830, Miss :Mary I. Cameron, eld('st daughter of Allan Cameron. She survives her husband and resides with her SOIl Herbert in Detroit. :Mr. Rastall was the first reeve of the "United Townships within the ('ounty of Bruce." In 1854 he was reeve of the united townships of Kincardine, Bruce and Kinloss. When, in 18:58, Kin- cardine village became a municipality, he waS the first reeve of it, but resigned during the .ear. lIe was reeve of the village for the :years DAVID )IACKE DIUCK 44.j The iuRo\\ of settlers into Bruce in the Cilrly fiftie:; was steady anù eontinuou;:,. 'ery many of the e lookcu to Kiucarùine a the ba::;e from which supplies were to be obtained. rIhe natural remIt of ::;upply and .demanù seeking to aùj u:;t themselveö resulted in ::;torekeepers being more plentiful at Kincardine in those days than they are to-day, over half a century later. The first to follow .Me::;::;rs. Hiaeh anù Ha::;tall ill storekecping was Da\Ïd \lacKendri(:k, \\ ho ill It;jl openeù a ::;lllaU store situateù near where the riyer eutereù the lake at that time. hortJy aftel'\nlrd he built a large log hom:;e on the \\ e::;t side of tìueell ::;treet, north of the )larket ::;quare. Thi:; was followed by the ereclÍoll of a frame builùing, which is ::;tiU standing, in \\ hich he conduetcu his bUbiue .s until he finally solù out and retired from businès . David )[acKcnùrÍl k was appointed postmaster at the time the office at Kincardine was opened in 1t\51. l}ublic life he sought not, and it must, in a lllea::;ure, ha\"e been somewhat again t hi::; will that he filled the position of ree\e for the township of Kincardine in the )'ears 1t>56-51. Old settlers have a kindly remembrance of David )IcKen- drick. They knew that he sl:Orned anything that haù the least appear- ance of being dishonorable, and o forgm e an unfortunate excitability of temper whi h gave rise to incidents that used to be recounted with a kindly smile at the time, to record which lllight create, in the mind of those" hu kIli'w him not, a wrong imprc;:;:;Ïon of a chamder \\ hieh was sound at the core. Pendango1"p. a::: originally sun"eyeù, had as its northerly limit the range of lots lying on the north side of Durham Street. ...\11 of that part of the town now kno\\ n as \\ïlliamsburg has been aùùeJ by a subdh ision of lots 12 to 15 of the Lake Hange in the township of Kin- ('arùine. rl1lC name "ïlliamshurg \\ aR given by " illialll utton, who had tJh'..e farm lots sun eyed into town lots.! }'raneis Walker (familiarly poken of as "Paùtly \Valker") is a name not to be overlooked in any relation of Kincardine's early ùays. lIe drO\"e from Goderich on the ice, in the spring of 1850, 1839, '60, 'GI, '66, '67, '68 and 'úU. In politics he was a RpfornH'r, and in 18G7, at t1l(' first gcn('ral election held after Confederation, he ran for the Dominion llousp of Commons, but "as defeated by his opponent, Prancis Hurdon. IThis survpy wa,; matlt by .Tohn Denison, P.L.S., in Junp, 1835, and June, 1836. The Crown pat(,llt for lots 12 and 13, Lak(' Range, was issued to William Sutton; for lot 14 to his nephew, Richard Sutton, and for lot 13 to John Ionilaus. One Gl'orgC [otfat squatteù on the lots afterwards held by William Sutton, anti in lS-t!J }w otTf'red to sdl his claim for $8 to Robert Ro\\ an, who dpclin('ù the otfer. ,,"ilJiam Sutton probably purchased from George roffat his squ:ltter's claim. 446 SUTTON'S MILL passing the insignificànt settlement at Kincardine town plot .with- out notit:ing it, and had proceeded à::3 far as toney Island, when hearing the wund of Capt. Ho\\an's axe, as he worked at under- brushing, he looked him up, and was directed back to the Eettlement that he had failed to notice in passing. There ..Hr. \Y alkn resided continuously until the day of his death a quarter of a century later. The need of a grist mill was a want keenly felt by the settlers who raised the first hanests of grain in the county of Bruce. " illiam ëuttOll 1 decided to supply this need, and proceeded to construct a dam across the north branch of the Penetangore,2 and to erect a mill at what still is known as " Button's Hollow." The mill was of logs and of modest dimension;:,. The required pair of mill stones were in due time landed on the beach, but before they were remoyed a storlll sprang up. The loose sand on which the stones lay was quickly washed from beneath them by the heayy surf, or else transformed thereby into the nature of quicksand, and the stones were " drowned," to use the eÀpressive phrase of all old settler, as he described their disappearance. This serious disaster was productive of delay, but did not diminish the efforts of '11'. utton, who purchased another pair of stones, and in 1852 had the first grist mill in the county in operation. Settlers who before had taken their grists to Durham or Port _\.lbert were now able to dispense with such long journeys. Being. howeyer, the only mill in the county, lllany a pioneer found he had a long and weary distance to coyer before he could get his grist to " Sutton's :Mill." It is related of such that while waiting for their grists to be finished they would light a hot fire on one of the large boulders near by, and when this was sufficiently heated, on it they would bake a cake, made from their newly ground flour and water crudely mixed. Unleavened and lWm. Sutton was born in Yorkshire, 29th February, 1828, and at an early age he learnt the business of a saddler. He came to Kincardine in 1850. His enterprising, energetic character gave him a prominent position in the settlement, a prominence retained during the forty-three years of his resiclence in the county. He was }"eeve of Kincardine from 1862 to 1865, and took a notable part in the sf'ttlement of the county town ques- tion. On the separation of Huron and Bruce he received the appointment of sheriff of the latter county, which office he held until ]893. In 1873 he became interested in lumbering in British Columbia and made money, but lost heavily through agents in Australia, to whom he had shipped the produce of his mills. In 1893 he formed a new company, called " The Sutton Lumber and Trading Co.," of Euculet, B.C., which he was conducting at the time of his death, which occurred March lOth, 1896, at Victoria, B.C. In 1852 he married Sarah, daughter of John Keyworth. His widow (who died in 1903) and six children survived him. 2This dam was utilized to support the superstructure of a bridge, largely used by those who came into town by way of the Durham Road. MALCOLM MACPHEH.ðOX 4407 unseasoned such a cake certainly was, but to a hungry backwoods man, tasting the initial harvest of his bush farm, it was delicious. JIr. utton, aftcr running this mill for se\ eral yeår , built, in 1854. a much larger frame one, and in a few years later one of still greater capat:it.r, whi<:h he continued to operate as long as he was in the mill- ing busim..ss. The dalll built by \\ïlliam \\'ïther , on what is sho\\ n ill the map of the town as :JEll Block X o. 1, was wa::,hed away by a freshet. .As he llC\"er had obtained any title from the Crown to the property, he took the frame of his mill to pieces and set it up again on his farm on the south line,. where he had water-power. .John I\:<'yworth ("allie out from England in 1851; and on \ugu t 22nd of that year applied to the Cro\\ 11 for this ::\[m Block. He a)so at the same time contra("ted for the erection of a good-sized frame mill building. On his return from England the ní'Ü year, where he had gone to fetch his family, he found that the contractor had so botched his job of framing that the building could not be put together or erected. Feeling di ap- pointed, )1 r. Keyworth gave up the idea of milling, and confined himsclf to keeping store, continuing thereat until his death, in rarch, lSG1. I n Ow wintí'l' of H;:' :3-5-l: '\Lall"olm Ua('Pherson 1 came to Kin- tardiEe. and made arrangements to build both a grist and a sawmill a11l1 the ne('(' ary dam to ohtain water-power. '\fr. '\[acPhcr on was for many years the proprictor of this mill, which is still operated, hnt it has pa !'cd through (,\í'ral hands since )lr. )facPhcrson dis- l'(; (-'d of it. [t i!' now run by steam power, the \\llÌ('r in thE" ri\ el' for' Yf'ars past being insufficient to supply constant power throughout the :rear. l falcolm ::\rarPher!':on was horn in Perthshirp, Scotland, June 1st, 1ð06, and came to Canada in 181;), when his parents immigrated to tl1i8 country. The family settled where Perth is now, ane! Ir. \{acPhf'T!':on's father felled the fir!':t tree cut on its !':ite. :\Ir. [ac Pber!'!on Imrned the trade of carpf'nter and joiner, and in his early days built many of the housf's in Perth. He also, for eight YNlrs, was surveyor for the united counties of Lnnark anù Rf'nfrf'w. In Fehruary, 18;)4, he moved his family to Kin- carditH'. lie brought his familv in a co\'er('d !':l('i h in which th('re was I'lacccl a small 8toV('. .\t Arthur the stable in which all his ('fT('cts were placed for the night was burn('d and he lost ('very thing but tlu' clothes in which he and the nH'mb('rs of the family stood in. Arriving at Kincardine he, hy strenuous efforts, !':\H'cef'!kcl in ov('rcoming his 10SB. In the running of the mill he was assiste.J by his son John. Mr. [acPherson was married in lS3 to Elizah('th :\facPhf'f!':on, of Erne!':ttown, a daughter of a U. E. I.oyaHst. They had a family of ('Ieven children. For about sixty years [r. facPhf'f'son was an elder of the Presbyterian Church. He was mainly instrumental in the forming of a congrf'gation in Kincardine in connection with the ('huTch of Rcotland. Tn politics he was a prominent R('former. His death occurred November rd, 1893. 448 LOGGIKG THE STREETS \rilliam :Macklem (for many years a resident of Kincardine) settled there in the winter of 184 -50, and about 1853-5:1: built an oatmeal mill on the north branch of the river, north of Bussell Btreet. This, with the mills operated by \ril1iam ;:;utton and :Malcolm Mac- pherson, fully supplied the needs of the farmers. The work of cutting the standing timber on the streets in the town, as well as logging and burning it, was no small undertaking to the handful of settlers. For some time progress was slow. James Henry, who arrived at Kincardine August 18th, 1t;51, related how he assisted to fell some large trees then stanJ.ing on Queen Street opposite his property at the head of Harbor Street. )Lr. Henry was the first path- master appointed for the village. )[any a log heap had to be disposed of before there was a roadway in the centre of the leading streets, and it was as late as the summer of 1856 before the Iarkct Square was logged and burnt. The author rememlJers how, in the same year, in the \Yi11iamsbl1rg part of Queen Street, anù also on Broadway, the prfl:o;ence of tumps made the wagon track a devious one. Harbor tn}('t was not in the origipal survey of the town, but the necessity for a con- venient approach to the harbor being early felt, the want was supplied by the opening of this street, the gift of J a11183 Henry, :Martin Craig, \rilliam Rastall and Francis \Yalker. 1 rrhe hill on Harbor trcct situated east of Huron Terrace was full of springs. Before a passable road at this point could be secured it was necessary to cover these O\'er with a quantity of brush, on which was placed logs to make a causeway. The appparance of the little village in 1856, as remembered by the author as he looked upon Kincardine for the first time, was somewhat a follows: From Princess Street to the lake was all cleared, hut th('1'1' was stanning timber in several parts of the town where now there are numbers of IlweUings; e.g., there was then a good sugar bush along South treet towards the High RdlOOI, and .a fine clump of giant hemlocks stood where the \Yater Tower now stands. The buildings were very much scattered, and stumps of trees were everywhere. Queen Strert north of \Yilliam hurg hail not at that time hef'n openf'n out. Thf'rp cxistrd only a footpath through the trees and clearings leading to Stoney Island. The wagon road along the beach was that used for travel not only to Stoney Island, but by those going further north. Archibald Campbell had a storehouse on the beach at the foot lHarhor h.eet was assumed by the yillagf', May Rth, 1861, and $500 spent in planking the roadway over the 100,0;(' sand at t}H' w('stern end. PETER }{OßF.RTS() P l.íO \Y If. J.J \" I{ \:-;T .\1,1. p. tH "'11 J.L\.:\1 f'L"TTO:-' I' ll6 n . \. I A<:Ci{D"IO', 1\1.1>. p. .4 l THE BL'SlKESS CE TRE UNCERTAIN of Lambton treet. 'YllCn the PLúughboy arrived on her regular trips, a large scow owned by :JIr. Campbell was rowed out to her, that is, if the weather wa fine. In the :-:cow freight and passengers were placeù and brought ashore. If there was any" sea ., on the lake, the Ploughboy pa::;.:;ed on to toney 15land, and at the wharf there landecl Kincardine pas engers and freight. The bridges over the river in thl' year mentione(l weft' such a the primiti\ e engineering skill of the settlers could érect. That on Huron Tprrace treet IUHl au open log abutment on each siùe of the river. On these were laid heavy stringers acro:-:s the stream. On Qucen treet the superstructure of the bridge wa supported hy :J[acphersou's dam. and the same method was in use at utton's danl. Russell treet was the thoroughfare at fir:,t for the traffic from the Durham line. After Sutton' dam was ereded, with the hridge a a uper tructure thereon. Broèldway was tlll' most trayelled. The uncl'rtainty for several years where the centre of bu ine:;s Was to be, resuIteù in tll(' :::hops and taverns being spread 0\ cr the town plot. There were two or three shop on the south side, (lne at the old mouth of the rin'r. one on Huron Terraec tft'l>t. and another on ( uepn :-;trpe1. (hI the north sUe hop:-: wpre to he ('l'n 011 Huron Terrace Street. LamMon, Durham and ( u('en Htreets, on the :Jfarket Square. and in Sutton':.: Hollow. Of tan'ru:-: there \\Ll::: dson ] oss' on BroHclway. The l'llioll 1I0tel, kept hy Tom SplLlnll. and afterwanl:-: hy.John BafIH':-:. toocl on the :-:ite of the pre l'llt )lpthodi:-:r Church. ()n the otlll>r side of tIll' 'lark!'t :-\qmlrp Thoma:-: Kt'llnar(l K('pt the Briti h .\meri("an. ()n the Bea<:h. .J olm Howall and FraneÍ..: "ralker kept hott'I . an:l on tlw :-:outh :-:idt' \\ïlliam ...\ndcr on. ...\t that t illlt the town h('l1 wa !-Heh a on(' a is now in 11 (, on fëlrm in the county, Thi:, h(.11 was hun in front of BarTll' ' Hote1. TIll' :-:tawlard time wa:-: ohtainetl hy a mark on a tl1lHp phwed there for the purpo:-:e hy a surveyor. .\ thi:-: wa .. :-:un tim(>," it of COHr (' variell. ahout 1 \rl>nty minlltt'f' too fa:-:t or too slo\\, (luring th(> ('our \' of tIll' year. During the fir t qllarh'r of a ('(>ntury of its existenc(> Kincardine wa:-; tht' chi('f (,t'ntre of tnlclt' for a large sl,etion of Ìt'rritory, ext('nding hack af' fal' as the Elora Hoad. an,l e,"('n furt1wr ea t if tht' sleighing was gooc1. \s a natural rf' lllt merchant, of aU rl(l ('ription of goods e tahli:;:ll('fl themsC'h-c:ì there in numhC'r too great, it would almost ('('m, for the place. Tlw following arc the names of those wbo, although not the very fir:ìt (these ha vin:.! hCC'1l previously rcf('rred to), till may rip-htfull.\' 1)() (.la :;:('tl among tJH' ('arl ' llll>rchants of thl> tl)\\ n. The names are given in the order of priority of :-ettlellwnt: ..Tilme Hi 44-9 . III 4.")0 PETER UOllELlTSO Legear, Vavid l airdner, 1'. & K. Jlclillles, Joseph Cooke, Peter HolJertson,1 :F. &, 'L H. Hurdon, and John l\IcLcod. 'l'hese were all cngaged in business at Kincarùine in the fifties. Cameron & Brown- lee also were leading merchants. rl'his firm commenced business in 1R60. P. & N. :\IcInnes, in addition to carrying on a large general store, established about 185 . works for the manufacture of pearl a h, enabling impo\"erisheJ settlers to obtain by the sale of ,\ ood a hes, collected wherever a log heap had been burnt, a fresh source of lllcome. Possibly the first factory started in town other than saw or grist mills was one for the manufacture of furniture; this was in 1856. The building was situated on Broadway, just west of ( nl'l'll Street. This busine 1:) originated with Ueorge .A. Dezeng. cYeral years em]ier than this, business enterprisf' was shown by Gl'or p HIOWTIl\ who built a brewery on Park ::;treet, near :Macklem's :Mill. [n] 58 or 1839 another hrewery was built on Queen Street Korth. The pro- prietor:, werc )Iessrs. Huether & choellau. Their product was lager beer, a beverage at that time almost solrly confinC'ù. to Germans. That nationality were not numerous in the vicinity. It, therefore, lackC'd sufficient patronage to he successful, so after a trial of some half dozen years the plant was moved to K enstadt. .\ dil'till" y operated by I(' srs. Henry l\: 'Valker was another of the early enter- prises in the place. The building stood where the lighthouse is now. This. too, was closed after an existence of a few years. X 0 doubt the large quantity of whiskey that was llluggled from the United States in those clays had something to do with its abbrcviated existence. In Chapter IX. is recorded the particulars respecting the establish- IPetpr Robertson was the son of a clergyman of the United Presbyterian Church, Scotland, and waS born, August 2nd, 181], at Kilmaurs, Ayrshire. His schooldays were spent at the Kilmarnock High School. On leaving home he was apprenticed to his uncle, a cloth draper, at Glasgow. He came to Canada in 1833 and was in the employ of James and Alex. l\Iorris, of BrockviIIe, until he commenced business for himself at Belleville, in 1836. The stirring times of the Rebellion of 1837 and '38 soon followed. Being suspected of being a rebel, l\Ir. Robertson was arrested and im- prisoned in the fort at Kingston. When brought to trial the jury brought in H No Bill " against him. After this he was unintentionally mixed up in the burning of the steamer " Sir Robert Peel" by the rebels, being a passenger on the boat at the time. In lR36 he came to Kincardine and carried on a mercantile business until 1877, when he retired. His death orcurred l\Iay 11th, 1885. Mr. Robertson was a man of marked intellectu- ality as well as of integrity, and passed away esteemed and respected by all who knew him. He married Sarah, daughter of John Ross, of Brockville, and had a family of four daughters and two sons, the only surviving ones being :Mrs. Alex. Shaw and Norman Robertson, county treasurer, both of 'Valkerton. ::;CHOOLS 4-51 ment of the first SdlOOl in the county. Thi=:;, Kincardine's first school, Wa::; opcneù in the =:;ummer of 1831. The Imilding, a renteù frame one, wa::; ::;ituated on the river flats near where it flO\\ed into the lake. .:\lrs. J aIle airn, as teacher there, presided o'"cr ö6 ::icholarô, com- posed of 31 boys and 35 girls. During the fir;:,t half dozen year;:, the premi::,es o(;cupi d for school purposes \\ el e many, until at last a permanent building wa:s ::ecured in It\55 or 1856. The fir::;t move the school made "as to a ::;lllall frame builJing on the east side of tlueen ;:;trect opposite Harbor ;:;treet. After i.l short stay there, it occupied a log building on the oppo::iite side of the street. rfhe school next found a home in a log building f;tanùing ,\here i:-: now the resid nce of lr. John Gelì.tles. Its stay there was short, and its next location was on I ussell Street, ju::;t \\ est of the English Church. Finally, the :school mO\ed into IWl"mtUlC'llt quarters, a frame building erected purpoEely for a school, situated on \ïctoria treet, in rear of the present Central School building, which fine and commodiou:-i brick building was erected in 1 . Thc early teachers in the school during the period above indicatcd were [r . .Tane Xairn, John Campbell, .:\[ alcohll [e Lennan and 1'huIlla::; (;ott. The puhli(. school at Kiu- C .11'dine has had one headma::;rer, whose long continuanc(' in the ofth-l' deserves to be rrl.:orded. F, l '. Powell beeame principal in September, 18ì1, and for almost a quartC'r of a c\?ntury he labored faithfully to maintain a high standard of education in all it!' department . The 1 oJC'l School, l' tahl i hed at the time he took the principalship, has al o heen a Fuurce of credit to thi old Cf\"ant of the public. Thp first step taken to establish a County (ì rammar School at Kincal"cline was to ohtain the consent and authority of the Council of the united counties of Hnron and Bru<.'f'. Thi was obtaincd at the Df'cf'mher ses..;iun, 185 . ...\.t the se ion hdd in January of the fol- lowing year the Council appointed the ml'mhf'fs of thl' Hoard of Trustee . .A it was to be a County Grammar Hchool, thl' tru tees were not aU rC'sidents of Kincardine. 1'lw following are the names of tho l' appointed: f. )fcKendrirk, ...\.lex. haw, TIpv. 'Ya1ter Inglis and TIev. Isaac -:\fi(lcUeton, of Kin('aflline; Wm. (innll, of h}\C'rhufon, and RC'v. K. 'rd.f'nnan, of Paisl('y. The Board fixl'd t1w fl'(, for tuition at $2 per quartl'r. In the month of T uly a union was brought ahout of the (;rammar antI Common f'hool Board , \\hich union has ("ontimH'cl clown to the present. He ,Yo IT. )[artyn, )r.n., was appointecl t'cretary of the (r nitf'd Board in 18G2, an office he held alrno t rontinnou ly until his clC'ath, July 1!Hh. IflO:L Th(} fir::;t to fiB 452 FIRST PASTORATE the position of headmaster was Albert Andrews. His duties com- menced with the fall term, 1860. The following are the names of those who have filled the ame position down to the present day: J. H. Thom, July, 1867; Duncan )Iorrison, 1868; Benjamin Freer, 1869, June, 1871; J. Thomson, part 1871, 1872; J. E. Burgess, 1873 to 1876; Ben Freer, 1877 to 1887; K eil Robertson, 1888-89. S. W. Perry, the present headmaster, has held that position since January, 1890, to the complete satisfaction of aU interested in Kin- cal"dine High School. Further facts referring to this school are to be found in Chapter IX. The list is a long one of thos(' who have received a part of their higher education at the Kincardine Grammar and High School, and in that list are to be found names of many who haye pushed their way on to the yery front rank of their yarious pro- fessions and callings in life. The first public reli giQJl," scryice held at Kincar_ dine is said to haye been conduded by the R .eY. ::\[r. Cox, a minister of the Episco pal )Iethodist Church, in 18-19. . The place of meeting was in a log house on Queen Street, nearly opposite the Queen's Hote 1. In 1851 the firs t c ongregation 1 ip. _ connection with any d('nomination was organized, this initial step in the religious interest of the place heing taken by t he 'Yesleyan :i\Iethodist Churc h. The congrl.gation then organized commenced with a member hip of forty. Its first pastor was the I ey. rrhomas Crews (1851-52). His successors in the pastorate dur- ing the early days were the Rey. A. A. mith (1 5;1), Bey. " m. Creighton (185-1), Rev. . E. landsley (1855) , Hey. Andrew Edwards (lH5G-58), Hey. J. F. Latiull'r (1859-60), and !{ey. D. Connolly (1861-63). As far as the author has been ahle to trace; E'ryices were held at first in tllt' public school-house unti l, in 1t;56, _!l neat brick church was bui1t,2 the opening sen-ices of which were he ld o n Bunday, )Iarch 1st, 185ì . The author was pref'ent at that and lllany ensuing services. \., the congregation assembled for the after- noon meeting the weather wa::i warm, springlike and balmy, but on leaving the church when the seryice was concluded they encountered a blinding blizzard. The snow which fell then and subsequently did not lcaye until the end of Apri1. For ome time after the building was in us e the seating accommodation consisted of _r ugh _ !, o-inch -p la ks, supported by hlocks of corò.wood of the nec essary he t. There was 1Tbis was a1so the first congregation to be organized within tbe county outside of the Indian Missions. ow occupied as a dwelling by R. Rinker. PRESBYTERIAKS üRGAXIZE 4,;')3 ut o sle, that up the centre 21. th e church. On one side of thi s th e women folks sat" on the other the me n. The gable of this building wa blown in by a high wind on larch 3rd, 18G2. It was never rebuilt, the roof being adapted to the liew forlll of the walls when the repairs were made. In April, 1t:;-;-û, the contract for the present handsome edifice "as let, the tender being $13,199. rrhe actual co:::,t of the building when cOIlll>leted was conéderably in excess of the contract price. In addition to thi , the co:;t of land and fittings are to be arMed. whcn eonÛdering the outlay of this congregation at this time. The Epi:-:copal Iethodists were formed into a congregation in 1 5 , but did not haye a settled pastor until 1t)54, the Rev. J. )1. Collin::; being their fir::it minister. At an early date services were held in a frame building, built for a lodge-room by the Good Templars. Thi;:, was in a lane ju t north of Broadway, within a stone-throw of the site on ,,'hith in 18ì7 was erected their large brick church. ""hen in 1bN:3 the union of this body with the ::\Iethodist Church of Canada took plate, this building ""as deserted, the two amalgamated congre- gatiol1 worshipping together. rltimatcly this building wa:::; sold for the huilding material it contained. J n 1H5U the fir:-,t Pre:-:byteriall seryice' \\ a held in Kincardine. TIle place" here it wa:-- C'onduete<1 wa:-: the har-room of Pat )){nnlie':; hotel, the Hey. .\. )[.H..kid, of GOllrrich, offieiating. This section of C'ollntry. peopled as it \n.l hy R population of whom the majority W('fe Pre:-:hyt<.'rians, \Va:; for se\"eral year under thp :mpcl'\'i ion of the Home ,r i:-::-:ion Conun ittpe of the :--,'\'pral Pre:-:hykrian hodie . In January, U .):!. th(' Frl' J Church Pre:-:bytery. of Lundon, deputed Rev. .Tohn Ho:-:s to yi:-:it Kinearllillf', to pn'pare tlu' way for .\. Currie, a ('atf'ehi:-:t. who lal)(If{'I} for Ofll(' month=-: in this fi(.l log 1'('hool huilrian," and thp " Church of Scotland." "\rp:,.:t Church" was the name of the congrC'gatioIl in which the :, r. r:8" worRhipped. This cOllgrl'gatiou W,1i' org-ê.mizl'<<1 la - IHh, 1K;) , with fort '-fiYe ]uP1l1hN;::;. In IF;;)!) a church hnilding 1 WaR erected at the corner of Du 'ham and Huron Tl"'rral"e tr('l't . Tlw Hp\. \ralt('l' [ngli . at TI1:ll time of HÏ\-er clal(>, wa::: called to thi l'hargl'. a11l1 included April 27th, 1859. Ir. Inglis was Ute pastor of this cOllgrpgation for ten years. For two Yf'arR after he left. þopes werr entertain('cl of continu- IThis lllli]tling is now o('('uplcd a" a r1wcHing by Wm. 'V..l:.-h. OTHEl{ CHURCHES 4.) . ing this a::; a N'parate charge. The e hope:-, ne\er materialiæd, and on _\pril 25th, 18 1, "est Chureh congregation uniteù with thai of K no\. Church. St. .\ndrew's Church, in l"Ollllectiull "ith the Chul'dl of cotland, \\U::: the first (-ongregation in I\.illl.ardiue that had a church building t'rede (.hun.h. The first pa tor of this congrpgatioll wa the He\". 1)onal(l F. '[ac1mn. ill l:-;()'!. Hi., SlH"l'(' ::,or wa::; the Rcy. Alex. naw on, who (.,lItH\ in 1 H();{. 1 n 1 ()7 the H('y. .T ohn Ferguson became the pastor in ('harge. In 1 7'3 he was succe(>decl by the Rev. 'Yi1liam \ ndt>rsou. Tlw last minister of this church wa;oj the l ('L .T. B. Hamil- tOll, who wa:-: orclainpd and indude.l to the pa torate _\..pril .?7th, 1880. .\fter hi.. resignation in J alluary, 1884, the prospect of maintaining this as a separn te l"ongregation eemf'd !omall, and oue by one its nH'mbers united with Knox Church, so that after an existence of over twenty )"ear:; the congregation of St. .\ndrew's éL'a f'll to be. TIll' huilding was 80M in 1 5 to the Dominion Government, to he used a:-\ an armory for the compan ' of volunteers at Kincardine. Church of Engla1ll1 service::; in the early day:-: were held in private houses. The author rememhcrs attending one held at the home of .Tohn Kf'yworth. On that occa ioll that gentleman read the morning church :-:l'rvice, nnd then a sermon selected out of the works of some flivilH'. Latflr. the Hev. Isaac 1fiddleton, \\ ho was the first settled minish.r. held C'hurch sen ices for f:ome time in the Omnf!'p IT all, unti1 U1<' prt':-:I'nt dmreh huilding "as erected and opened for f:erviceß, \\ h ie-h W.IS on ,J 111 Y 6th, 18û2. 'I' h.> Bn.pti t haa a strong man to take t1lP initiative in forming a l'ongregation of that dcnomination nt Kincafl1illP. in the pl'J' on of the Hc\. ""m. Fmser, who settled at Kincnrdin{' in 1850. Hi "n'ods resultpd in t1l(' I'rl'(,t ing- of n neat lo ('hurclJ. Thc huilòing. small in ií'(,. "a ('1"lI('iform in shapp. For ,) numlu'r of '('ar:'i this (.ongregatiun \\('r(' without a pa:'itor. 1 n 1 R76, through t1H' pfiort of thfl Ht'\. .\]('\. r:ral1t it \\"a l"l' u:-;l'itat('(l. awl a largr framfl ('hur('h \\(\F; cn'df>d on rrilll.'Pðcl tr.'('t. \\ hi.'h ul):;('()lH'nt1.v wa 1110\"('(} to its prp:-;f>nt ro ition on ()lIf>f>n Ht J"C.(.t. or thp many e\l'p11ent flnll ('al"np t men who haw m ini,,:{pl"l' }wld. Of tlwsp the days the Q1H':-tion Day ervice werf' thí' Illo:-:t unic/lJC. After thp assPlllhl ' on that clay had been openetl hy the usual ..eT\-ice of pra l\r awl prni:-:p. tlw mini:;;:ter concluding the ame wouIa rcque.:::t any who had any (lifficult rí'ligious l]up:-:tion on whieh the ' rf'l]uire(l Nllighh\nmí'nt to propound it to the mef'ting. On this heing respon,l"d to, it might he' found that the quc:::tion was re aTfling the> meaning of some ohs('urp pas:-:age of Scripture. 1 "rrhe ull'n" (" na claoine." in Oaplif'). for o the' lpa(lers of rf'li iou:-\ life> werp cè1l1e'd. would one a ftpr anotllPr e'\ pre:-.:-:: their orin ion. \rIwn the time to ('}(,:-f' the' mCf'ting 1UHl COBH'. the mini ter \multl "sift" (" n'criathair," in Gaplif') or sUlllmaril.(' what hall h(,(,11 said. :;;:0 t1Hlt thO t\ n i'l'mhled might rpl1H'mhf'r it. Tt i .1i(l that th"p p('('uliar fl'ilhtr(':,\ of {ltH' tion na are rapir11y di:o:aplwaring, as "tJw mcn "-hrought up in a school lEspcciall ' such as tencll'cl to Rbo" what are the marks ()f sincerit , in r('] igious profession. 45 PENETANGORE O LONGER no" almost passed away-have dropped off one by one. Among the most prominent oI the .. the men ., were Kenneth Campbell, of Ash- field; lalcollll lcLellnall, of Huron; James Gordon and Donald .UcPher on, of Kinloss; Hector 1\[ cKay, of Culross, and George Ross, of Kincardine. rrhe topic of church lifc in KincarJine is a feature which has been dwelt upon pretty fully in thi:; chapter, but the author cannot close it' without alluding to the Literary Dociety which for a number of years existed in connedioIi with Knox Church. This 80ciety proved attractive to students attending the High School. Under the wise guidance of the Rev. Dr. lurray, \. ] L Smith (now of :Moosomin, Sask.) and others, the young people wpre led to form and cherish ideal which, stri, en after. lleveloped character; and resulted in after ] if(' in pl'OmÜ1Cnt po:-:itions being attained by them in their chosen IH'off'!'siolls. Of these, the nan1PS only of those "ho entered the ministry are here given. They are as follows: Rev. Messrs. A. G. ::\IcLeod, Robert Johnston, D.D., R. J. Iacphcr on, Hector :McKay, J. A. tcwart, .John )1. aHLl F('rgu oll [ill('r, Hugh Finlay. and John )Iathe::;on, of the Presbyterian Churdl, and the Rev. Thomas F. "'healen and the Hight Rev. 1. O. Stringer, Bishop of Selkirk, of the Church of Englaml. rrhe author has hecn faxol'ed by "\Lrs. \\'111. Hastall, of Detroit, with the perusal of an original document relating to the history of Kincardine, being the" Census of the Village of Penetangore," taken by " m. \\ïthers and R. G. Fowler, in OdobC'r, 185 , to sec if the population was sufficient to warrant the making application for incor- poration as a village. The census contains 837 nanw . rrhis being more than sufficient, the village became a separate municipality on J alluary 1st, 1858, under the name of the village of Kinearclim., and dropped forever its dual name of Penetangore. The first reen was \Villiam J astall. In a footnote 1 the names of the variou:-; recvC'!' of the village and town are given until 1896, the last year reeves sat at the County Council. The first town clerk was Joseph Barker. Of those since then who have fil1pd the office of clerk of thp municipality down to the present, it is questionable if any haye heen as near the lXauws of thp yarious reeves of Kilwanline to"YI1 from 183S to 18911, inclusive: \Vm. RastalI, part lS5S. '39, '60, '61, '66, '67, '(3R, '69; C. H. Barker, part of 18;')8 aml I S2; \YIll. Hutton, 1 R62, 'ô , '6 . '1).); RollI'rt Baird. 1870, '71, .i2, '73, 'i-l-, 'j"!), 'iô, '7i, '78, .i9; T. . Rookliògp, lSRO; Alex. Gordon, IRS1; R. T. Walker. 1883, 1890; \. l\Ialcolm. lS .t. .S!). '86; De \V. H. )'Ial'tyn, 1887, '1'\S, '89; J. II. Rcott, 1 91, '92, '93, .9-1-, '95, '96. W ATEH. WOH.K -l.')!' standard of a model ollicer as the present town clerk, J. li. cougall. As the population grew in numbers the time at length came when Kincardine might claim a higher municipal statu . The date of this was the 1st of January, 1875, when Kincardine fir:;t entered into the ranks of the towns of the province. In a footnott,l the names of tho e who have been mayors of Kincardine are given, and also their years of office. It was not long after the incorporation of the village before a town hall wa::; built. It was a fair-sized, two-storey, frame huildill , which stood on the site of the pre ent town hall. The author ha:-i not been able to fix with certainty the year in which it was built, but remembers events of 1862 in connedioll with the building. The pn' - ent town hall was completel in lJccemher, 1 ì2. In it are HI(' mmaL accommodations asked for in a municipal buildinl!. including a fire hall. The need of a system of waterworks was felt for years before the town possessed them. They were urged both on sani tary gronnds and also for fire protection. When they were established it was by private enterprise, )Iessrs. :\foffatt, Hodgins and Clark being the principals in the Kincardine \Vaterworks Company, which conmH'nced .August 1st, HmO, to supply the town with pure water from the lake. The intake pipe e"\.Ípllll::; out into the lake for 1:50 yards. rrhe stand-pipe, which is 110 feet in hf'ight, stands back of I\.11O\. (,hun.h. Into this water is pumped, and ravitates through HH' syMl'1II of wat,'r maills and ('onnl'ctions. 'There arc ahout four miles of watpr main;:; in thf' town. For four years the town paid annually to the \r ah'l"\vorks Company the sum of $2,100 for fire protection. for watf'l' Tequired in watering the trects, and for water s,'rvll'c at Hw f;(.hool and 10\\ n 1wll, wJI('1l ([IS ill(' to\\n h[l,l the option of Irnrchasing- the phwt) it was at length decided to go in for municipal O\\nership. The' to"\\ n ohtained pos es5ion of the plant in beptember, lRf).L ihc pm'chase price heing $ 10,000. Further additions wpre mailc to thl' plant, \\'hich hrollght its ('ost up to $45.000. Another form of municipal 0\\ uf>rship that Kincardine has em- harked in is electric lighting. In t1}(' late eig-htics an electric 1ight I am(\ of th(\ variot1 m:l\ors of Killl'arllillt': .Jallll'S BrO\\Il. lX7:i: \\', P. Brown. H ïli, 'í7, '7'\:' .Jas. \. :\I:wPlu.rson, lSï9. I "t). .....1, ..... . IS!)I, '!} . '!IIi. ' Iï. '!I ; Hohrrt Bairl), I"S . 's., . "\,ï, '''\Ii. 'k!t. 1 !1 1; Elh\ard L('slit" IX'\ï. '...."\; .Jo l'ph Barl{('r, 1"!1 ; .John Tolrnil', )x!l..(. 'H.í; UP W. H. f:lrt.\n, I !I!I; nl'o. R 1:ld\:I'II"ri('k. WOII. '01; W..r. IIl'nr.\, 1!11I ; .John Hllttl'lI, l!lll: : \. lall'ollll. l!UH; .I. C'. ('ook. HIO:ï; \\'. C;. 'l'I'IlIj'Jo., I!Uìli. 460 THE HARBOR plant was established in Kincardine. This passed into the hands of George Swan and Samuel Henry, who sold it to the municipality in 1894 for $10,000. The total cost to the town for the electric plant up to the end of 1904 was $15,792. Of these two businesses operated by the municipality, it is understood the waterworks are the most profitable. The debentures issued by the town forlll a long list. Some of them have been for well-ad vised objects, such as those referred to in the preceding paragraphs, and for bridges and local improvements. Other issues of debentures, such as that known as the" Steel Horse Collar Bonus" and the" Stove j;"'oundry Bonus," have failed to benefit the town to the extent hoped for. Another large expenditure, which will have to be met by an issue of debentures, i a system of sewerage, which at the time of writing is being discussed, and must ultimately be constructed before the town can be a healthful as it should be. In Chapter V. there is related the first effort made to obtain a harbor at Kincardine, which was at as early a date as 1853. That effort proving abortive, the attention of the Government was directed to the necessity which existed for a harbor of refuge at this point. Recognizing the strength of the arguments adduced, and in response thereto, an attempt was made in 1855 to build a breakwater, con- 8tructed of cribs of timber filled with stone. L nderestimating the power of the storms which sweep over Lake Huron, the breakwater was too weakly constructed, and lasted only a few months, when it was washed away. The remains of it were found hy Government Engineer Grey a short distance north-west of the eud of the present pier. After the destruction of the breakwater, the Department of Public 'Yorks in 1856 cOl'nmenced the construction of two parallel piers at the mouth of the river, between which it discharged itself into the lake. These piers were one hundred feet apart. The north picr was 540 feet in length. and the south pier 190 fcct. These works sufficed for some 'ears. At the time of the pa::,sing of the County Grayel Roads B T-Iaw, Kin- cardine obtained a substantial grant towards the improvement of its harhor. Between thc county and the village $23,000 was spent on the harhor in the years 1866 and 1867. During tho e years the dredging of the basin was commenced. and the north pier was extended to 757 feet, and the south pier to 495 feet. The Govern- ment also gave a grant of $4,500 to assist in this work. In 1872 there was commenced the" ork of dredging the harhor to it present extent of about four acre , and to a depth of 12 feet. Thi extensive work - -- , - . - & ,11: \. , ;;, " "" - I J t 1'- ,-; . } 1,1 I.UJ 1..- ,. -4 t , , " . , o X I- T- :,.: :;E ::t: :J " :ir.I :;) GRAIN BUYERS 461 was not completed until 1871. Further work in the way of dredging anù repairs has been done nearly every year since. At present the north pier is 1,4:70 feet in length, and of a uniform width of 30 feet. The south pier is 840 feet in length. The east side of the harbo r ba:5Ín has a water frontage of 4:63 feet, the south side one of 253 feet, and the west side one of 4-!u feet. Uver 2UO,oUU has been spent on the Kincardine harbor, but owing to the entranL:e being narrow and the river always bringing down sediment, which is deposited in the basin, the harbor has never been worth the large amount spent upon it. The Government had the light near the pierhead htahlished in 187-1, and in IH81 the main lighthouse shed its guiding rays O\-er the lake for the first time. \\ïl1jam Kay was keeper of this lighthouse for many year:::. At pre:-:ent it is in charge of Thomas )IcGaw, Jr. As an alhlitional aid to navigation, a steam foghorn is located at the waterwork::; pumping-house, which is 1,375 feet north of the entrance to the harbor. PO:':-: l':,sing a harb KÍIl< .. rdÍI e before the advent of the rail: "ay w t he best ,grain market III the eount ,_ anu every winter its numerous warehou::,cs were filled with the produce of the farm::; of aU the town- ship:, lying back frolll the lake. Long proce:-:sion:- of farmers' ::ileighs la(lenec1 with grain were a tamiliar sight on its strc('t at that time. Romp days as much a:-: ten thousand bushels of grain would be pur- dlas(>d. The chid g-rain huyer..; WCt.c Hohert Bainl. Hohert Walker, Francis H nrdoll. Ho:-:s Hohertso[l and Arch. Camphf'll. In the spring, whf'n a s('hooner arrivf'1l to carry away to Bnffalo, Toronto or )Iontrcal a cargo of the 'Tain whidl filled the warf'hol1H' . the town witm';..:::;ed a hl1sy ::;ig-ht. To san' delllurrage l'Vf'ry effort pu:-: ihll' wa::; made to speedily laden the \"e:-: ('ls. [en were paid :) cent:-: an hour (ana \\pre pxppctpd to earn it) :-:hO\ellillg grain into two-hn:-:hd hag:.:. h soon as filled these were> piled on wagon . tl'allwd away to s('ows 1 to he tran:-ported to the vc> d lying at alH'hor in deep wat....,.. -t the F':-:..;(.l (plickly away. oJll...,time a ;::IJuall or a gale> would come before thp ,....:-::-:cI wa lall('n, illlll hf' \\ oulll h.1\'c to lip her Hllehor and get well off ...hOfP. SOllletiI1H' thi:-: ('onll1 not he dOllf', and the Ye pI was Ilri\ l'n upon t1lf' hl'a('h. to thf' g"rt'at lm: of lIpr ownpr:o: and al o of the shipper..:. of grain. .\fh'r tIlt' railway wa:-: opl'TIPd the abm"e-lllelltioned 1'VhcD the pi('TS were ext('nò('r] into deep (,TIough water the vessels lav a1ongsid(' th(' pi{'r 3nll wcn' 1ad(')\(',1 tlwr('. 41) HAlLWAYS au \ illltage \\ hieh K ineardine p08Se:5:5eÙ as a grain market was neu- tralized, and grain was not marketed there as of yore. :Merchants and others, thinking that there was not competition enough among the grain buyers, sought to e:-ïtablish it, so they and others in 1899 organ- ]zed " rrhe Farmer;;" Blevator and Shipping Company." Unfortun- ately, the C'ompany made no money, and in HI05 were forced into liqu dation. The objeeì sought of improving the market was, how- ever, attained. The warehou8e used Ly the company was purchased by ,, . J. Hf'nry, who ]s endeavoring to maintain Kincardine's reputa- tion as a good grain market. Kincardine was \'ery much ]nterested in the various railway dlemes that agitated the county at large in 1869, and it was a bitter pill to swallow, wlwn the 'Vellington, Grey and Bruce Railway scheme carrif'd. as related in Chapter VII., leaving Kincardine without any railway and with the prospect of bcing deprived of the trade which haù })('en tlowing- into it for so many }f'ars, and see it go to build up towns elsewhere. However, hefore the raÍlway was opened to South- ampton the prospect hrightened. rrwo bills passed the Legislature in 1871, authorizing the con trllction of separate lines of railway to K]ncardine, namely, the "r eHington, Grey and Bruce Hailway, by a hranch line from I....istowel, and the London, IIuron and Bruce Rail- way. The first of these received a bonus from the village of $8,000, aud was completed to Kincardine in the fall of 187 3.1 The London, TIuron and Bruce l1ailway never came nearer to Kincardine than Wingham, nevertheless the town gave it a bonus of $3,000. This road was opened in January, 1876. On the discovery, in 1868, that large deposits of salt e>..i:5ted at le ss tha n a thousand feet beneath th e _ surface at Kincaj.;din e, steps were taken to bring this necessity of life into the market. It was the Kincardine Salt Prospecting and Manufacturing Company (of which .T ame i3rown was presidpnt, antI .J allH'S A. l\f acPllf'rSOll scerctary- trcasurer), whidl oLtainf'd thf' honus offered by the County Council for sinking an artesian well and obtaining salt. Anothpr company was formed, in which " alkerton capital was largely represented. This was known as the Rnwf' Salt Compan ". rrhe method at first used to evaporate the hrine pumped from the wells was not all ('('onomical one, thp hrine being boiled in potash kettles set in rows :md hricked in, each row being called a "block." The consumption IThis branch was operatea by the contractors until taken over by th milway company, Df'cí'mber, ]874-. ALT WORKS 4ö:{ of \\00<1 waS cnormou . .d corùwood was not to he had at the low pri("f' of formcr days, thc proct'.,;:, "as found to be too costly. .Flat pans "5 to 100 feet in length and 'W to 25 feet in breadth were then tried, with better result . The 1\\ 0 ('ompHnies named not finding much profit in the manufacture of 5alt, uHf'I' a few years' trial, closed down their work:;. .About this tÜu(', early in the seventit: , two Ameri- can capitalists became interestell in the salt industry, and each com- nWIl('cd to erect an extensive plant at Kincardine. That huiIt b.\ "ïlliam Uray is said to ha\c cost $:3,000; that built by L. l ight- IlW}er was not quite so expelli'i\l'. These firm;:, 8hipped salt in bulk to Chicago. l 'fhe .American tartt, ho\\"('\('I', was against them, and the Canadian mark('t too ::-m:lll to permit the busillCS:; to be profitably condudcd, so about 18 l) .Ur. Gray closcd do n his phmt. Mr. Right- Illeyer ('ontinued the strug:r]c for about fift('l'n year longer, and unfortunately lost the be t 1m rt of hi fortunc in hi efforts. .\fter remaining idle for about ten Yf'al's, the (Tray ;::'alt Blo('k was pur- chaseù hy the Ontario rcople' alt Iallufacturillg Company. in lR85. This company ha 1,('('n run in l'onnection with thc Dominion Grange, and this conne(.tion has iu:-;ure.1 it a constant pHtl'Onage. Us manager i .1ohn Tolmie, 11.P. .\s some rP3del' may be interested to know Ollll' fad::; connected with this establishment. they are given in a footnote. 2 The fishing industry was e tahlished at Kincardine late in the fifties. By 1866 it had so developf'tl that six boats ailed each morning from Kincardine harbor to lift and set their nets mall - mil!:'s out in the lakC'. .\mong those early C'ngaged in thi in<1u try ,\ err> Thomaf; )f(,(iaw. Alp",. nordoll. Rohl'rt ana .\]('\. l>onnelJy. Kpl1Twth and Duncan 'f c Kenzie. Snlll \leI p1an, also .T 01111, Pcb-'r and Thnl11a (.J r.) [cGa". Th(' p who follow th(' calling of fI fi..hf'rll1i\1l on Lahp Huron f> p,'rif'lH"c UHlllY dang('r and much hard hip. awl, n ftel' all. there is no \('ry large rC'hlfn.. ft;H' all their ,ici :::itudl',:;.3 Kincarrline fi hel'men have 1>0('11 fortunate in meeting with so few fatalitif':;;. nnring' nearly ITIl Ix;;) tIll' l'r/llhwt of salt at KilH,:trtlillC' a 1IIC1\1 1IÌ1'11 to ];1;,11110 harrl,ls, of which there was C'xl)Ortcd the Nllli,oalent of )fI,IIOO h:lrrl'ls. 'Rizc of main huildillg, 2!)() x 91) fe('t; si?I' of a.]llitioll, 11\1).;0 fcet. TIlt' well is 9 9 f(.C't dl'('p. ThC' ('\";Ipor:lting pans ar\' " \" .. shapC',l, 1 x 100 fl'l,t and 7 fC'C't dCl'I', madl' of buill'I' iron allli lilll'.1 with sawt'll stunt' RIIIl h('atf'tl \\ ith live steam pipes pa!'lsing through thl' hrillt'. Tht' k:llt as }Jr('cipitat('d b)" the brine is rçmo\'C'cl h o an t'1I.III'sS dmill rakC' and clC'posit(>d in bins. 'rhere i!'l also an õpen flat c\":tpol"ating pan, 1011 x 28 feet, raked by hand. 3Th at a l"I't'l)rcl may be pr('!'Iprvpd, the "pi ht "f SOJl1t' lar p fish, :I !'I rnentiolll'd ill thl' ]o('al prpss, i8 Iwrl' gi,Pf'lI. In ,ful.\", 1 "iï,ï, SallHlI'l Splau /'anJ{ht a salmon-trout w('ighill ï-l Ihs.. and ('harl.,s Splall. in .\ugnst, ls :\. a "hitt'fish that wpigh.,.l IHI:! Ihs. 464 FISHERMEN half a century only two have lost their lives while pursuing their call- ing. These were Elliott Hunter and a man named lclntosh, their overladened boat being swamped in a gale while returning from the Fishing Island8 in 1882. Thomas )lcGaw, above-mentioned, has earned a well-deserved reputation as a builder of fishing boats. One built by him, called The BeLle and bailed by his son Peter, carried off for three years in SU l:è;:;sion the cup offereù at the Goderidl regatta for the fishermen's yacht race. Having been \\on three times by the same boat, the trophy remains in the proud possession of Peter ..\lcGaw. Another of .:\Ir. )IcUaw's boats, the lVater Lily has been very successful in carrying off prizes at various regattas. In a former part of this chapter is mentioned the inception of some of the industries of the town. For a list of those in existence in 1 ()() the author turns to an old" Directory of the County of Bruce," published by J. ,, . l{ookliùge (an old Kincardine boy, who has passed away). \r e there learn that in that year Kincardine had three grist mills, three sawmills, two tanneries, two woollen mills, two pearl ash factories, two foundries-certainly a fine record for ::.0 early a date. Ira J. Fisher is probably the man who has been the longest actively engaged in manufacturing in Kincardine. He came to Kincardine in 1860, and built a foundry on Yictoria treet, taking off his first heat in October, 18Gl. in e then he has had his share of the vicissitudes of life, but in them all has proved himself to be a good and worthy ci tizen. John \Vatson (another man of worth) founded in 18.')8 the prtsent extensive furniture factory conducted by the .Andrew )Ialeolm Company. It was but a small concern at fin;t, employing but few hands, and which used horse-power to drÏ\'e the machinery. One of his employecs was Elijah liller, who for sc\-eral years also carried on a furniture factory. lpssrs. Combe & \Yatson arc another offshoot. Their large factory on the harbor. flats catches the eye of aU who arrive in town by either rail or water. The Hunter Bridge awl Boiler Com- pany, established in the early eighties, employs a number of hands, and hellJ:-: to make the tmnl known at outside points. Pork packing has long been one of the industries of the town. Started originally by \\ m. HastaU, it has been continued by . C. Hooklidge and Robert )ladden, and flourishes to-day under the manag-emcnt of Henry Cole- man, whose curcd hacon has more than a local reputation. One of the mo t um;l! c es f l Ven_hl!C that Kincar ne_evcr_ ntç'r ljg_t9 \'a tl).Jlt known 8!' _t] e_ Gl}n_ .v S_t ove Fm n lry, which was bonuscd by th_e__to ' THE PRESS 465 to the extent of $1,000 ., The town ha::> never been recouped for this generous bonus, as the foundry was run for only a few years. The press became a power in Kineardine when on the 4th of August, 1851", the fir:::t number of The Western Canadian Common- wealth was is::,ueJ. The publi her was John )IeLay, afterward:, Hegis- trar of Deeds -for the county. At the time of his cuming to Kincardine he was a young man of about 25 years of age. The pre::;:;, type and all the equipments of a printing office he brought" ith him from Gla:::gow, Scotland. :Mr. )[cLay was a spicy writer, and in consequence made for himself some bitter enemies. When he rel:eived the office of regi:-,trar the paper pa :;l'd into the hands of J o::;eph Lang, who ehanged it:; name to that of the Bruce Rel'icw. He wa:; burned out Octoher '2 th, 1 70, wllf'n he ùi posed of the paper. Cp till then its politics were those of the Liberal party. The purcha::'l'r was C. Cliffe. From the time he took hold of the J:ez;ÏclD it has been an upholder of the Conservatixe party. T. c. Bartholomew wa the ne)..t OWller of the paper. lIe about the end of the seventies old out to )lortimer Brothers. who ehanged the name of the paper to The!{ incardine ......."tandard. In )Iarc'h, 11'-" , Á\nùrew Denholm purc'ha ed the paper. After puhli hing the paper for ahout four years, [r. Denholm sold out, and it pa::,seLl on e nHJre into the hanùs of its former puhlisher, ,10:;('ph Lan:!. who changed the name to the Kincardine Review. ine :n H uf!h Clark. \r. P. P., 1m:; been the pelito ' !..ILIHll li lCr of the paP <2r, a :-;i h,a part of the time hy his hrotJ}('r. l'har}e::; ('lark. The Entre Rf'portrr was fir t i5 ll('rl 7th of n('cemher. JSfì(ì. hy Albert .\ndrew:ò, a resident of SOllll' year:;' tanding- as headmaster of the (;ralllmar ;-\l'hoo1. The owner:,hip of thl' papPI' }la:':'I'11 in the early f'Yentie:-: to 1r(':-;:,r . Cra},},e & Browne)], tlll'n to ,1. 11. Brownell. who old the paper to \r. )1. Uack in lR !I. )lr. Dack (',HÜinued to puhlÜ:h the J:eporter until the spring- of 1 I01, when he rc('('ÍYe(l tll(' appoint- HlC'nt of HC'gi:-:trar of T>ecdi' for the tounty. .T. S. (iaehl tlWll hl'came th(' pul,li her, ana continued as uch until tIt(' papf'r pa:':'e'11 into the' haneIi' of its prc::,ent proprietor and editor, .T. ,T. Hunter, in 1!1O.>. The author, ill hrin ill this chapter to a rIose. rq rct that he cannot write a:ì fully a IH' would like' to f(':!ardin Olll(, of thl' men who for 'f'ar håw' h('PrL amon tJ1(' prominent ('itiz('n of Kinl'anline. Thf're is Hol'f'rt Bainl, the prf'!'f'nt po tma tf'r, who for oyer half a cC'ntury hai' been a leader in the town, a [('I'V('. mayor. warl11'n of the ('ounty. Com:pnative eandiehlte in two politienl campai n:-:. and a lead- ing- rain /1lf'r('h:n t. J fie: }lrl',ll'r" :-:f)r in thp po ition of postma t('r, ..J.ö6 FAMILIAR NAMES )Lathew )Iackelldrick, unpretentious in manner, but faithful '\lmost to a fault in the performance of his duties. rhe1!.. mong those n t t o be forgotten is Dr. S. S. Secord, who h a .PI _çJ:_i ej his profession ill the county since 11:')57', who deseryes to be remembered with Dr. )IcClure, of the" Ronnie Brier Bush." Another, and possibly the oldest settler in the town, is Joseph Barker, who, with his good wife, have ever been found on the side that maketh for righteousness. ...\1E'0 James ...\.. ::\IacPherson, who was elected mayor of the town on nine occasions. A list of town worthies must include the name of Rev. J. L. :M:urray, D.D., for nearly thirty years pastor of Knox Church. But the list must be curtailed, for the town has not lacked in men good and true, who have aided in its development, and in making the town what it is-one of the pleasantest towns in which to live in Ontario. . Þo.. , ø' I:! ! II J 'I iLl I \. \ i I . I if , I 'I, . ì l-fIl mH TT JJ It I ! .I: ,(\ +1' tt :ï " - I ! D I I III -_.; " :Æj TI.!J U ! I ' .\I : J;:[ JI-rrrr I It I J II ' , I r V I-I\" : {:;\ .. ; i " ,# Ltb / I I í , Jr ç' ,/ I ;::" I Y ,,/ . I I \ ,# -vol: ; l ì f'{ -1 'II.. ,-} 1. . fF L ; t1 D I t I'-- -,- - -+ n - ì!Il:. Tî'- }f - li"v.: '- A .. -t- r l I " Yl ! I -Ãil j I ' I \J";J nL '1.:, iJ I r, . I. I [.1 , I' I . . 1/ V I I I,}- - I ."J I r-.! I \/ I IT I ""./ I : 3/4 S' \ Y S " 10 I IZ I '1 IS 16 17 I' 1:9 fo' :rl Z3 'Y4 1'.sI;Zf' 2. 't'9' '1\,/ I.J I. I) 1- -I- I v".",J N 1i /V I I Ii - . Ie..' I ./ ,.., ,t .J1 ,',." :6' " \, ' ...J :"-"" f1 - --L I V ""= -, "" i Ì\...... 7TT r '" " -.... I f.l. ! 1m I . ""r,.SF.JÆ? 33 Sof,'S .Jç '1 . /1.- - - I . I - - c- - '1- - 39 J1 V i \ ':- I " I I ' I\. " II \ h.. 4 0 )..., rÍl'r.rl'W : l ! , 'i.r r :-mrr .r TI-]I Jì I m I 1 11.1 II J ,. III:., J2f!11 . I IVi I ìJli-i:--c; t1 11 I I I :: í't" .... __ - II t - dJ ;U " Nð0 I II ,Y NITHNvm, ' CHAPTER XXXIY. T01rKSHIP OF KIKLúS::i. 1 EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF COUNTY VALUATORS, I!:IOl. " This townshil) runs largely to extremes, some portions being extra good, while other portions are very hilly and swampy. Interspersed with small lakes and being well watered, it is well calculated for mixed farming. No scarcity of timber in this township and the roads are excellent, gravel being plentiful. Portions of Kinloss are greatly improved since the last valuation. The rate per acre is $31.15, including village propert:r, which equals $1.78 per acre for the whole township." _\.8 pointed out in Chapter II. the first lands within the county survc.Ycd into farm lot:s were those on the first conces5ion of Kinloss. This survey was made in 18-17 by Alex. 'Vilkinson, P.L.S. Two year:; later, in VH!J, the Durham Hoad and the adjaeent .. Fret' Grant ,. lots wcre surveyed hy A. P. Brough, P.L.S.2 Three year after thi5, in 1 32, the resiùue of the township was surveyed by E. R. Jones, P.L. . The "Frce Grant" lands were opened for senlcllll'nt in J Ulll', ] H-l!), and l:angl'S Three. X orth. and outh. of the Durham Hoad. were offered for f:ale at the same time. The remaining portion of the town- ship came into the market at the" big" land sale,s held eptelllber 2.th, 185-1. The price at which the lots on the first conce:,sion were sold-it heing cla secl as chool lanùs-was ten shilling ($2.00) per acre. Concessions 2 to 12 are Crown lands, and the price at which tlwy were sold was seven shillings and sb. penet" ($1.,")()) per acn'. TJ1C first settlers in the town hip t-cttled on the .. Frce Grants" in lH;)O. _\mong them were Joel Eli ::;tautrer, .John awl ',,"m. heltoll. Thoma-- Hodgin amI )[ankin .l\I('rt'dith. Tht" e piOIH.'CrS of the town hip d(' {'rye credit for ha dug loeated on la1)(l:'\ that were far J'I'he to\\ nHhip dt>riv(!s its name from one of the titles of Lor.1 EJg-in. the Governor-Gf'nernl at thp timp the township W3::! ::!urn'yec1. Among hi., many titles was that of Baron BrUl'{', of KinloHH. 2..:\fr. Brough, in his rl'port, gin's the Jndian IlanH'H of the two lak('!'1 nl'nr the Bla('k Horse, now ('aIled Hilver Lakes; translatl'cl, tIll' naUlt'8 art' Otter and ..:\hltJ Turtlf' Lalü' rl'!'1I' '('tin'ly, for thl' north and south lakp. 3 ('(' .\ ppen.lix K. 469 -t70 OPENING DURHAM ROAD from a base of supplies, Kincardine being the nearest point at which purchases of provisions and other needed articles could be made. During the summer and fall of 1851 most of the settlers were able to earn a little money by working at the government job of opening the Durham Road, either as contractors 1 or as axemen. This public work was indeed a fortunate thing for these early settlers, as it per- formed the double purposes of providing them with a road and also with supplying them with much-needed cash. A tedious delay occurred in opening the other main roads in Kinloss. The tenth side-road from Lucknow to the Black Horse was opened, under the diredion of David Gibson, P.L.S., by the Bureau of Agriculture in 1858,2 which also in 1859-60 opened the county boundary line between Bruce and Huron. The lack of roads in the early days had a decided retarding effect upon the development of the township. The first to take up land and settle in the southerll part of the township are said to have been X orman Nicholson, Duncan and Alexander 1IcKenzie, ::\Iartin )IcInnes, .T olm )IcDonald, R. Gollan, 'Villiam, David and .Tames Henderson, 'Vm. Bryce, Peter Reid, James, John, Thomas and ] hW111 FakoJ1C'I'. 'Ym. and .1. rriffin, \nc1rew 1Ic)Ianus. An of these and other:; also had squatted on their loh; before they were opened for sale. The year of the "big" land Fale witnessed a great inflow uf settlers, who took up the choicest of the remaining lots. Among those who came there about this time may be mentioned Alex. (iraham. 1'J101I1a:-: nalTi .3 TIn1K'rt PIlf\ ('.;:,-1 S. _\. :Fcrrie. Patrick, John and Peter Corrigan. IParticuIars of the Killlo!'!s, Durham Hoad contracts, let Jul ' 11th, 1B.,}l : Samuel Col,,(>}l, to chop out roacl in front of lots 1 to 4, at rate of 1:22 per mile and 108. per rod for causewa ving. J. Eli Stauffer, to chop out road in front of lots 5 to 8, at rate of 1:22 per mile, and 12s. 6d. per rod for causewaying. .Tohn Smith, to chop out road in front of lots 9 to 12, at rate of 1:24 per mile, and 8s. 9d. per rod for causewa:ring. Mankin :Meredith, to chop out road in front of lots 13 to town line, at rate of 1:24 per mile. The total amount of all these contracts was f155 2s. 6d. On C'ompletion of the work pa:rment was made October 28th and December 13tll. 185l. 2In 18.34 the United Counties Council gave a grant of 1:50 to open this road, an off('r having been received from Thos. Hodgins and others to give a roadway through their lands to avoid Silver Lake. The expenditure of this grant seems to have been the extent of work done on this road prior to letting of the Government contracts in 1858. 3Thomas Harris' name appears elsewhere in this History in connection with the settlement of Kincardine and also with Ripley post-office. He was for some time the only Justice of the Peace in Kinloss. 4Robert Purves was one of the prominent men of Bruce for many ) ears. A native of Berwickshire, he came to Canada in 1850, at the age of eight{'{'n, and settled in the township of Wawanosh. In 1854 he took REEVES OF THE TOWXSHIP .HI 1 Il 1852 Kinloss, in common with the other townships in the éounty was united to the township of Kincardine for municipal pur- posos. .At the session of the United Council held June, 185-1, a petition from the ratepayers of Kinloss was pre ented asking that that township bc made a separate municipality. The report of the special l'ommittee appointed to consiòer the petition is here given, as being a reliable statement showing the development of the town- ship at that date. It is as follows: (( Our cOlllmittee cannot recom- mend that the prayer of the petition of )Iankill )[eredith anù others be granted. The assessment of this township is the least of any in the counties, save one, it being only i1,170, and thc expense of a reeve sent from said township would be equal to two pence farthing in the pound on the gross asse:;sment for the year 1853, upon which assessment your Council are now obliged to base their taxations for the purposc of raising funds which may be a,-ailable up to 1855. Further, that wc had no reliable document before us upon which to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion that this township has the number of names on its assessment roll which are requisite to enable it to obtain a bet-off:' At the Septcmber session following, the question of municipal separation came up again, and on the casting vote of the w3r<}cn the prayer of the petition was granted and the necessary by-law passed. The by-law appointed 'Ym. Shelton as returning officer, awl directed that (( the election be holden at the house of ,rm. 'fcl'f'dith on th(' si th conce sion." The Council elected were: Royer Paul, 'hudoeh )[cKenzie, :Murdoeh )[cDonahl, Thomas Harri;;; and 'fm. Shdton. This Council clcded Boy('r rau}! a recve. 2 and up thl' farm lots in the first eonc('ssion of Kinloso;;, on wbich hI' lin'd during tlH' n'lIwindpr of his life. In ll'ü;) 1\1r. Purv(>s was ('IN'tpd reeve of Kinlol.'!s, an oftice held, excepting (luring the year lS6R, until the pnd of 18s . Afte'r a r(>tin'ment from municipal honors. he again. during t h(\ 'ears 1893, '94, '95, was clf'ctpd as the chief offic('r of the township. The County Conneil also plectrd him HS warden of thp county three times in succ('ssion, for the 'years lsS0. '81, '82. The r('ppated muniC'ipal honors bestowed on :Mr. Purves emphasized the appreciation in whiC'h he was held as a m n of sound judgment and prlHknce. His death occurred Juh- 20th. 190 . JBo -pr Paul had n(' ro blood in his veins. On his presentint:{ his C'ertifi- cate of el('ctiOll as rep\-e of Kinloss at the first meeting of t)1(' rnited Counties Counl'i! at Uodl'riC'h, some members took objection to his taking his spat at the ('oun('il on aN'ount of his ('olor, holding that h(' was non- t:'ligihlp, and expressed curiosity to know if the majority of till' (>I(>('tors in Kinloss werp colored. Afh'r some disC'ussion he was allow('d to take his spat. :/j.ist giving' the name's of th(' reevf'S of the township of Kinloss, from 18.');) to ]!}()f; : Roy,'r l':1u], 1 S:ï;'); ,Tohn Purvis, 1 '3:;6 to 1863; :Malcolm ("amp- 472 THE "BLACK HORSE" appointed as its clerk \VIll. Herndon. He held the office for only one year, when he was succeeded in the clerk hip by Peter Reid,! who faithfully performed his duties for forty-four years, namely, from 1856 to 1899 inclusive. The office of the township treasurer was held during the first nine years of the municipality by the following: Thomas Hodgins, 1t:;56; Peter Reid, 1857; :\Iurcloch IcKenzie, 1858-62, and John l\lclwe for part of 1863. Un the 19th October, 1863, Peter Corrigan was appointed the township treasurer, and ha5 held the office ever since t.o the satisfaction of all. The lot of the pioneers of Kinloss had certain features which added to the usual hardships that faced a backwoods settler. Being located far back in the bush they had to Illake long journeys to obtain the most ordinary necessaries. Then the almost total absence of water privilege:s large enough to drive a good grist mill was a draw- back, so that until the grist mill at Lucknow was running in 1859, a trip to Walkerton, Kincardine or Dungannon was necessary when- ever a few bag of wheat had to be ground. awmill were in opera- tion in Kinloss as early as 185-1. The first one built was erected by J. Eli btauffer at the" Black Horse." It was at this point in the township that the first effort was made to develop a village, which began to form around the post-office, known as "Kinl08 ," which was opened in 1853-4, with Thomas Hodgins as the postmaster. To him also belongs the credit of having opened the first store there. About the same time, in 185-1-5, a tavern was opened by \Vm. :-3helton. This was called the" Black Horse," a name that was extended until it became that by which the yillage was and h&3 continued to be known. The first school in the town hip wa al o opcned at this point. The house put up for its u e was. a.s were most of those at this time, only a log one. The carliest public religious sl'rvices in the township were held here, the fir:,t of which wa conducted by the Rev. Thomas Hadwin, a :\Iethodi8t mini tcr, at the hou e of :\fr. Thoma:' Hodgins. \.fter the school-hou:::-e was built these services were held in it, and the:ll. at a later date, in the Orange Hall. Ahout lR.3ì, Preshyterian church scnices were held. the He\'. "-alter Inglis, of Uiverscla]e, ben, part ]864, 1868; Chester Chapman, part of 1864; Robert Purves. 186.3, '66, '67, '69, 187"0 to 1883, lS )3; .James Grant, lsS.... to 1891; George )fclntosh, 1892; Alex. Nicholson, 1R96; .r. .Tohnston, 1Fi9ï, '9S; G. )loffatt, 18 )9; Frank Henry, 1900 to 1904; Dan. ::\[cDonald. ID05. 'Of). IPeter Rei(l was a native of Glasgow, where he was born in 1819. He settled in Kinloss in lS54, where he followell farming. His family had the pleasure of celebrating the golden we(Wing of )11'. and ::\l1's. Reid two years before his death, which occurred in 1900. RAIL"'AY BOSL'S 473 officiating. He succeeded in forming the nucleus of the congrega- tion now known as -that of X orth Killlo::::-;. Hi::; ::;ucceS50r was the Rev. A. G. Forbes. In 1874 a brick church was built by the united efforts of the Presbyterians and the :Methodists, till in u::.e by the latter denomination. The ilver La ke:-: , situated close to the Black Hor:-:e, have attracted to them for a number of year:-:; parties of campers-out amI picnickers from Luekllow, Kincardine and 'Yalker- ton. Certainly as long as the groves on their banks are preseryed these parties are likely to seek recreation at this delightfully piduresque spot. Kinlough, t" 0 miles and a half south of Kinlo:--::: P.O., is the larger village of the two. It began to take form in 1851, when John Scott openC'd a :-:tore there. f-\hortly Hfterwèlrd :-:;imon Corrigan helped to centralile husiness thC're by starting a sawmill ana also an hotel. On a post-office being established in 1864 he wa appointed postmaster. The village at present boasts of a handsome school-house, lately erected, and three churches, a Presbyterian, a )[ethodist and a Church of England. IIolyrood is situated two miles and a half south of Kinlough. Its post-office wa..;: ol)('ned August 1st, 1856. 'Yilliam rcKenzie being the first to ha,'e ehaI"W' of it. IIrre a large :-:awmill was built in lSf)4 and uccessfully operated for many years. The Roman Catholic congr'cgation at this place was organized about lS10. They built a nmt frame church, in which service are now conducted by the priest from Teeswater. The township of Kinlos.s has been singularly free of indebtedness. The only debenture::; issued by the municipality were for drainage purpospc;:, in 1882. They amounted to only $1,946, and were paid in ten years. .\t the time (1R71) the milways were seeking honusps to COI1:-:truct linr:-: through the outhern part of the county to Kinmnlinc. the people of Kinloss ,,,erp urged to give a honu hy eaeh of the two railway companieR, namdy, the narrow gauge from 1\'C':,watcr or the wiclr g-allg(' from Li:;:tO\rl'l, which u1timatrly wa (:01l4rurtetl. .\ nH'cting was hdcl (.TuI.v. l ìl) at the Rlack ITnr e at which a re:,olution wa:-: pa :,ed a:-:king- the Town hip Council to ublllit a by-law to grant a bonn of !þl.1.000 to thr roa<1 from Treswatc>1". This thl' Town:-:hip Coum'il rrf\1:,r<1 to IIHt1)('rn E\Í('ll:,ion Hílill'Oílcl hy the -1-74 THE "lHG" CHURCH tuwnships of Huron, Kincardine and Kinlos5. \rhen Lucknow became separated from Kinloss in It)74 it assumed an annual pay- HH'llt of $130 as its hare of the obligation of the to\\llship. This l:hapter may fittingly be closed by relating the history of the South Kinloss Presbyterian Church, as given to the author by its pastor, the Rev. F. A. MacLennan: "Early in thc fifties this district wa::. thickly settled by immi- grants, mostly from the north of Scotland, Soya Scotia and Prince Edward Island, llt'arly all of whom were Gaelic-speaking Presby- terians. "In 1856 they huilt a log church on the east side of the grayel rOiHl, ahout half a mi]f' north of the prescnt church building. About that time the congregation hdd its first communion servicP:::i in the bush close to thc log dmrch, two ministerial memhers of the Presby- tery of London oftieiating. The late J[r. Hugh Rutherford, of ::;t. I-Idpn:; (who had IJCf'n ordained ill Scotland hdore coming to CawHla), was the only elder present to officiate on the ol:casion. It Sl'cms that there was not an ordained :Frce Church elc1('r in the ,\ hole di:-.trid from Go<1f'rÎ('h to l 'ulross at that date but himself. The late )11'. .Tohn Gordon, uf t. Helens, was the onl.v English-speaking comnlUnicant prf'sent on Sabbath. For his benefit an English table wa served. The fact that the f'ollection taken during the five days oÏ the serviC'('s allloulltC'd to 50. aU eoppprs, not a :o::ing]e :;:iln'r eoin, hows that thE" aH('n:1auee wouM an'rage 1,000 at If>a:,t. "rntil lR63 the eongregati n worshipped i.n the C'hurch regularly, r('eE'i,ing sneh suppli('s a:;: the Presh .tery could send them. At that time the large ehur(-h standing in tlI('. cemetpry. and which is still ocenpied. was ]'uilt. Thc late TIm'. ,John rl'af::C'r, of Thamesforc1. fc)"mall T oppJ)('(l it for public worship. Every alternate Sunday the fkv. .\dam )[cKay, of Teeswater. held s('rvice in thi<:: dmreh llnfil. in 1 ()7. the Rev. '.Tohn 'f(.Nahh wa ordained and iI1(luef('(l to this ('har.Q"('. Soon aftc'J" thp folJowing were ordainf'd eld('J'f:: an:i formei!. fJ/(. fil' t Kirk-Rpf.: ion, viz., )[es:;:rs, )[ urdo 1[aekenzi('. Pdf'r 1\fi1n('. Holwrt Young, .T anlf'S Gordon, Thoma!' Fakoner ani!. Donalò 'f a('- Pher!'on. )[1'. 1\r c abh resignerl tJ1P ('harge in lS69 and was SUf"- cf'pdpi! hy thc Rey. Duncan fiamero1) in lR72. 'fro fiameron r(' i m'i!. in 188( ani!. ,, s succperlf'd bv the TIpy. Alr'xani!.er :\[ ae 1\pn7i(' in 18R2. fr. 'facKenzie rpsig-nen. in lRN1. anrl was !'llcc('c(lei!. hv thc llI'(' pnt pa!=:tor. the Rev. F. A. )racT.ennan. translated fro'1 the Prr' hytery of GIC'ngarry in 1\fay. 1 RR? Sc]"\ ic('!' from th(' Y('1"\' fir t ha\(; bpcn I1Pld in thi!' C'ongregation in 110th Engli!'h :md (iaf'lic. G f'1i.C'. the lang-uage of the congregation fifty Y('ars ago. i:;: apprmwh- jng t11f' vani!'hing" "point. Still it i!.ies hare!." C-IL\l'TEH XXXV. 1ïLLA..GE UF Ll/CKSOIV. 1 THE prpsent thriving village of Lucknow owes ib origin to all offer made by the government of a grant of two hundrec1 acres of land to anyone who would erect a mill 011 the XÌIll'-)[ile HiYer Ilear the spot where it crossed the ,roolwich and Huron Hoad. which road forms the boundary line between Kinl\1 and .\rawallo:-:h. This offer was closed with by .1. Eli Stauffer. a German from \Vater1oo County, mentioned in the pl"l'eediug chapter a one of the first set- tlers on the Durham Hoad in the township of Killlo8f.:. It was in ] t;3li-51 that \[r. Stauffer erected the dam and sawmill. The latter could hardly be called a first-cla :-: mill, but it supplied. a much-felt neeù of t}H' iHljoiniIl,!! town:-:hi}ls ill If uron awl Bruce. One of the first to ettle Hear the mill was l:alph )[illl'r. who ill .\pril, It-:5b, purcha:,:ed a small parcel of land from )1 l". Staufl'er, OIl \\ hil'h he built a log tavern, that went by the llallll\ of the" Ralaclll\ a lIon:-:e:' .J ames 80rnen illc,2 who dc;;;,,'rn-dly i eutitled to be ealled the fOllnder of the villa;.!,'. \\ a!' prohahly 1i\ il1g thpre at the time the agreement for thi aJe was drawn ont, as his name appears thereon as witn('!'s to the sig-uat llI'h.... Hlirill,!! tJlf' RlImmf'r of ] 858 )[ r. nm- ervi11e, having purchased from ,r r. Stauffer the mill aud his right to tlw land, had the south halves of lots 51, 58, 5U and (iO on tllt' fir t conc(' ::;ion of Kinl(,:- Uf\ eyell into yil1a;.!C' 10t:-:. Tlw (latC' of the ITl\(' villngl' of LU(,know hl'ar!ol thl' nail1\' of tlu> ('it.," in IlJIlia aronnd whi h so much inh'l"{\st centred in thl' c1a)s of the Indian llItiIlY, whil,h waH fl"{'sh in the minds of all at tlI(' time of the sun-('." of thl' vmagl'. .\ nllm})('r of its str(,l'ts :11'(' lwml'd :Ift('r prominf'nt gf'llf'rals in the hlilian Army. .Jaml'!oI SonH'rvi11(' was horn at Dunft>rmlÏ1w, Rl'otlancl, in 1,"' ,), and came to Canada in 11;41, with his parpllts, who sl'ttl"d at Dunùas. He there learll{'ù the tr'adf' of a mj]Jwright. Tn 1 ,)1 he movl'd to \\'a\\":1110511 and built a sawmill, hl'twt'l'lI what i!ol now Helfa!olt ana t. Hl'kn!ol. lr. on1l'r- viIle, n IS:;S, sl'cur"d ::\lr. StanfTl'r's mil1 and right to thl' hUH1- From that date hI' continued tü hl' as!oIuciatf'd with }.m'hJlo\\ until his death, whiC'h o('clIrn'd I'ptem},('r l!1th, 1 " . In lSï:! he was tht' }{I'form candidato for th(' House of ('ommons for Xorth Huron, but was ùl'fl'atcd. In ]SS2 lu> again W:lS a ealHlidatl', thi!ol tinH' fOI' \\'I'!oIt Brlll'l', antl was su('('('ssflll. [r. oml'n'il1l' aho sat in thl' town!olhip !'ollllc'il!ol of \\"awano'lh :11111 Kinlnss. 475 476 FIRST MERCHA TS registering of this plan is 8eptcmber 2 !:st, 185 ).l rrhis plall shows both a saw and a grist mill, the latter built, in all probability, that summer by )11'. Somer\"Ïlle. On eptelllber 1st, 183 , the \ illage lot::; ,,"ere offered at auction, and the ceremony of naming the place was celebrated by a st:llute of twenty-one-we cannot say guns-but of explosion of that number of charges of gunpowder, placed in large auger-holes bored in good-sized trees standing in the village plot. The survey of the village lots on the Ashfield and \Yawanosh side of the village 2 was not made until the early spring of 1861. The first merchant in Lucknow was )Ialcolm Campbell, who com- menced business in 1859. He was also the first postmaster, the post- office being established shortly after he came to the village. Other men:hants, foreseeing the possibilities of development at this point 7 opened up business shortly after :Mr. Campbell had done so. Half a dozen years after the post-office was established the following were e-arrying on huÛness as merchants at Lucknow: In addition to )Ial- cohn Campbell there was \Yalter Armstrong, Bingham & Little, Alex. )lurray, Charles Heeord and John Treleaven. The grist and saw- mills were then being operated by"'" alter Treleaven and )Iessrs. Lees & Douglas ran a wool-carding mill. The population was then (l GG) placed at 430. The village received quite an impetus in the bame year from the construction of the gravel road northward through the township of Kinloss, which had the effect of bringing to Lucknow much of the trade of the township that had previously gonc to Kin- c31'dine. The next forward step of note made by the village was the result of the opening of the raihnlY in 1873. X 0 douht the husincss men of the village have complained loudly and deeply at the> poor service that the railway has given them at times; but it should be 1Jorne in mind that it is the railwa . that has made Lucknow a grain market, and the shipping poin1 for the produce of the farms situated for miles north and south of tJw village. It also has given the ship- ping facilities which induced lllanufacturers to there estahlish fac- tori s. In fae-t, it i:-; the railway which has made Lucknow the flour- ishing village of to-day. lIt seems strange that the Crown patent was not secured before the survey was made. It was April 2nd, 1862, before the patent for the south halves of 57 and 58 was issued to J\I. C. Cameron, and March 23rd, 1863, when the patent for the south halves of 59 and 60 was issued to ,Tames Somerville. 2It was in October, 18,:54, that the lands in Ashfielc1 and Wawanosh, now in the village of Lucknow, were settled upon by Daniel Webster and James Henderson respectively. INCORPORATIOS 477 The initial step taken with a yiew to Lucknow becoming a separ- ate municipality wa muclc in December, 1 ß3, "hen, on petition of James Somerville and twenty-three others, the rnitetl Counties Council erected it into a police village. The incorporation of the yillage of LuckllOW was an event that created a commotion unusual in the ordinary routine of procedure as laid ùown in the )[unicipal Act for the incorporation of yillages. Thi:-: arose from the fact of the village being located partly in the county of Bruce and partly in the county of Huron. The con\'eni- enee of the inhabitants would perhaps have been secured to a greater extent by being united to Huron, as the county town would then be but twenty-two miles distallt, But Bruce had an interest in retain- ing the \ i11age as part of the territory of the county. The arguments u ed on this side were: That the majority of the inhabitants and three-fifths of the area of the village were on the Bruce side of the county line; that the bulk of the bu iness of the village came from. and would continue to come from, the Bruce side, and this as the result of gravel roads constructed at the cost of the county at large: and, lastly, that the large railway honus paid by Bruce would, if the separation take place, be for the benefit of a yillage in another county. This last argument, especially, madc the Bruce County Couilcil strongly oppose loss of territory at this point. But politics had pos- Ribly the largest !-ohare in influencing the decision final1y reaehed. The member for South Bruce (It 11. \r ells) had received at election timcs strong support at Lucknow, and he was unwilling to submit to the lo of so many vote'S as the plaeing of it in another electoral division involyed, and so his influence, though unapparent, was felt in the contest. '\Tith so many interests at work, no wonder that a year passed before a fl-ettlcment was arrived at. The history of the proceedings was, so far as the author has heÞn able to tracf'. as fol- lows: "At a meeting of the ratepayers of the village hcld in the spring of 1813, a motion was unanimously pa sed that the neee sary steps he tak{'n to have the villagc incorpOI'ated and annc ed to the county of 11 uron. 'fe<:;srs. H, il aR a town hall was properly known as the Temperance Hall. The land on which it stood was given by James .Somerville, at an early date, to a temperance society that they might erect a hall thereon. This they did in or about 18()2. The present to\\ll hall \\a huilt in 1 S5,2 at a C'o t of $-L500. It C'ontain a firt:'- hall and a lock-up on the ground floor. Over these, in the 6econd storey, is a commodious hall, suitable for public meetings anrl entl'r- tainments. rnfortllnately, thè plan of this structure was defective in rcspect to the roof, which, after the building was completed, haa to be given additional support in a way that ha marred the appear- ance of the auditorium. In the present year (1906) an arrangemput was malIc with \ndrew Carnegie, the millionaire, famous for his gifts to puhlic libraries, who has donated $1,500 for a public librar}' building. The building to be erected will be 50 x 80 feet in size. To aU intcnts ann purposes it will be the town hall of the future, as in addition to giving accommodation for a public Jibrnry it win prm ide an auditorium and a board-room. The latter will be used by the Village Council to Illl'l't in. The, illage, for it:;: part in HIP agn'p- ment with Mr. Carnegie, undertakes to furnish the site and to make au annual grant of *750 toward the maintf'nance of the library and hall. IList of rf'''''('!'1 of thp vill;Jgl' of LllI'know. with ,'pars of otli,.(': r. (';1I1I,,1wll, 18í-1, '7:), 'Î(i, 'ì7; 1>. .\, .:\[ad'rimmon, r.D.: 1"iÎS; nf'(lrgl' Kl'rr. l\\ï!l. 'so, ' I, 's ; n. f'arnplwl1. I . '''-1, '8:); .T. H. Tt'nn;mt, )'1.I>.. I.......'). . Î; H. nraham, 11.,,,S; .J;mIPs Brv:m. If' !1. '911. '91, '!I , 'g . .T:ull('s Lnlll:-: IQ!I-l. '9.i. n(j; .T. (;. :\flmlo,'h', 1 9ï. '!I , '!)9; \\ïlli:lm' T;n'lor. "nIno; William ,\11;11I, 1901. 'O , 'II-t. '0:); A. D. Da\"illsnll, 190:\; .1. (:: .\1l11I'r"lIJII. 1 nOli, List IIf \"i1\ngl' trl':Lsurers: n. T. Burgess. D. K ('am('TOn. (:por I' .\. Siddall, alld .John l\!url'hisoll, at prpspnt in Oftil'P. List of \ iII;tge {'II'rks: n. T. Rllrg('ss. W. H. Smith. BrowlI 'fnllollgh. II IIgh \1orrisofl, a lid P .\. f a 1l'olmsoll, at prl'st'll tin ofli"... 2Th(' formal opPfling" w:t 011 !\fay 4th. 1.S Ii, 480 THE SCHOOL rrhe first public school building known to the village was a modest frame building 2-:1: x 30 feet, erected in 1 62. The pupils in attend- ance there were at first wholly from Kinloss. Three or four year5 later a union school section was formed by the adding of parts of the townships of Aôhfield and 'Vawanosh. The first to teach in the new building was a Ir. l\Iiddleton. 1 In 1865-6 the teacher was D. A. )IacCrirnmon (now Dr. DlacCrimillon, of Hipley). He was succeeded by James .Warren, P .L. S. (of 'Y alkerton) , Angus )IcCharles (a prominent son of Huron Township, lately ùeceat:ed), Charles Cliff (of the nïngham Advocate) and others. The last principal in the old school-house and the first in the new was C. Priest. He was succeeded by P. 1\1. l\IcEachern (now the l}re5byterian minister at Glammis). D. D. Yule succeeded him, aml continued as the principal of the school for seventeen years. :Mr. J oseph talker, who entered upon his duties in 1902, is the present principal of the school. The commodious eight-roolll school-house now in use wa'S built ill 1t518. The erection of this building necessitated the issue of the first deben- hues sold hy the village. I n a footnote 2 these are to be found included in a list of all debentures issued by the village corporation. Lucknow ha-s on different oceasions suffered severely by fire, which destroyed important sections in the husiness part of the village. The first of these serious losses occurreú in 1864. Some time in the seventies a good hand fire-engine was purchased by the village. Ten years later, when a proposition was made to invest in a steam fire- engine, public opinion decided that the wisest thing to do would be to instal permanent waterworks for fire protection. This was done in 1890. ince then at the pump-house steam is kept up all the time. The nUlllerous hydrant are favorahly located, gi,-ing an assurance of a bountiful supply of water if a fire should break out. The result of this has been a marked reduction in insurance rates. IBefore the erection of the school building, school was held in a building on Campbell Street, previouslJ' used as a tannery. 2J:...IST OF DEBENTURES ISSUED BY THE ViLLAGE OF LUCKXOW. In 1878, for school builùing and furnishing, $10,113. In 1885, for town hall, $4,500. In 1890, for waterworks, $10,000. In 1890, for Cliffe & Forester loan, $.),000. In 1902, for granolithic sidewalks, $7,100. In 1905, for granolithic sidewalks, $3,785. In addition to the above, the village annually, from 1873 to 1890, in- clusive, paid the sum of $130 as its share of the debentures given b;r the county as a bonus to the Southern Extension RailwaJr. ... CHURCHES 481 The earliest public religious services held in the vicinity of Lucknow were conducted by a l>resbyterian elder of the name of Campbell, who resided in Ashfield. This was at a time prior to that when roads had been cut through the forest, so the elder and his flock had of necessity to find their way to and from the place of meeting by the blaze on the trees. The "r esleyall Methodists organized a con- gregation at Lucknow in 1862, of which the Rev. David.Ryan was the first minister. He was succeeded by the l{ev. E. \V. Fraser, and he> by the Rev. \Vm. Tucker. The New Conllexion :Methodists were organized into a congregation in 1b65, the Rev. John Walker being the minister. The present handsome church edifice on the corner of Campbell and Havelock Streets, erected in 1885, in which the [ethodist congregation worships, was preceded by a much less pre- tentious building of rough-cast, which did service as a place of worship for a number çf years. Although Lucknow has always had a large Scotch element in its population, it was some time before a Presbyterian congregation was formed within the village, the " big" church (or South Kinloss congregation), just outside the village, being where the Presbyterians attended services. Sometimes, however, the minister at the" big church" held evening services in the village. About the time (18G9) that the Rev. J. McNabb resigned the pastorate of the South Kinloss congregation, steps were taken by the Presbyterian residents of the village to there erect a church building. The result of these efforts was a good-sized frame edifice, known as Knox Church. Soon after the settlement of the Rev. :Mr. Cameron at South KiIllos some of the leading members from the \ iUagc separated from the congreg-atioll. :Not obtaining what they wanted from the Presbytery of Huron, they applied to the Church of Scotland in Canada, and were erected into a congregation that hol'c t])() nam!' of St. \]Hlr('W'R. Lneknow. which hui1t for itself a neat stone church. 1 The Rev. 1. n. rraylor was the first minister, but he resigned after a pastorate of seven or eight years, and was succeeded by the Hpv. John :McNabb in 181"1'2. Tn 1 6 the Hev. :Mr. Cameron, who contil11H,(l his mini try in Knox Church, IJUcknow, after resign- ing (in ]881) the Houth Kinloss part of his char,ge. and )[r. :McNabb hoth resigned in order to afford the two congregations in the village the opportunity of uniting. which they did in Septemhpr, ] ssG. In '.\ ftf''' till' union of till' h\ II l'rt's),ytpri:m l'lIngrf'gatioJls ill th(' village till' hllilclill waR sold to thl' Baptists. .\ t pr('St'nt it is OWlll'tl :lnd o('l'lIpied h.,' thO' Homan ('atholi(' ('ollgrpgation. lï 4 2 THE "SENTINEL JJ 1887 the unit d congregation called the Rev. Angus Icl\:.ay, and in 1888-9 built the present large and substantial brick church. On Mr. :McKay's resignation in 190-::1: the present pastor, the Rev. D. T. L. Mch..erroll, entered upon the pastorate of this large congregation. 'rhe Church of England at Lucknow is known as t. Peter's, and was erected in 1878. It was in the first week of January, 1874, that The Lucknow Sentinel published its initial issue. ince then, "eek by week, this chronicle of the local events of village and country has been issued. The first proprietors were :Messrs. Bowers and Hunt. In a short time the paper passed into the hands of D. B. Boyd, who conducted it for two or three years. On his death his widow continued to publish it until her marriage to James Bryan. _For nearly three gathC'l'ings, celebrated on the second \Vednesday in September in each year for twenty years, that gave the society a widely cxtended fame, and causeù Lucknow to be appreciatively spoken of in many a far distant group of Scotia's sons. That these gatherings were so successful and so largely attended. may be attributed, primarily, to the enthusiastic. {'otti h el(,ll1<'nt of tllp adjoining di tl'ict anù to the untiring efforts of the officers to provid.e attractive features. 2 Then the management at all the gatherings wa;::; excellent, and everything promised in the progrannnf's wa carricd out. \Vith all this there was accorded a hearty, liberal support by the people of the village to the effort:-; of the society. \mong th088 connected with the Society at its inception IThe rl'conls of the societ.v have unfortunately suffered loss from fire on two ocrasions. The author is indebted for the faets of the society to ('hid Nac('rimmon and his SUf'c('ssor, Chief \lex. MacPherson, and John M urchisoll, late financial secretary of tho society. 2Th(' Lucknow Cal('donian Rociety was instrumental in inducing the fo]]owing to visit A meriea and be present at their gatherings: Donald ninnic, tbe lmding athlf'te of f;cot1antl; also Geo. Davidson, another famous athlete; the champion Scottish piper, '\""m. l\IcIJennan, was another who left Scotland on a visit at the soJif'itation of the Society. Duncan C. Ross, a not('d athlete from th(' rnit('d I:;tat('s, was an annual competitor in the sports for s('vf'ral )"('ars. Tn 1881 one of the attractions was Pip('r .r osepb Hendry, late of thl' ï8th n ighland('rs, the sound of whose pipes wer(' the first assuran{'(' the b('siegcd in Lucknow (India) })ad of the J)('arncss of the troops sent for their relief at the tirn(' of th(' Mutiny. 484 THE SOCIETY'S GROUNDS were the following: Donald A. )laeCrimmon, I.D./ .\lex. lcPher- son, Capt. John .McPherson, Alex. Iclntyre, 'rm. 11cIntosh, Allan :McDonald, A. D. and A. K. Cameron, Alex. Currie, Dougal McKinnon, Malcolm Campbell, James Findlater, and others. Among other active members who joined the society at a later date might be mentioned John )Iufchison, D. E. Cameron, George E. Kerr and D. D. Yule. The society held the first of its athletic gatherings in September, 1875. The place where held, both in this and the fol- lowing year, was at Hugh McKay's grounds. From 1877 to 1880 the Agricultural Society's park was used for thi purpose. After that all the gatherings were held at Lorne Park, a property purchased by the society. This park has an area of six acres, and is situated in the south-west corner of the village. It is admirably adapted for the objects the society had in view when purchasing it. On its south side there is a gradual slope rising to a considerable height, affording ample seating accommodation for thousands of spectators. To add to this the society erected on the west and north sides of the park large grand stands, on which some four thousand pcrson::-: could be seated. The sward, on which the contests of strength and skill came off, perfectly level and of ample size, lay before the uninterrupted view of all these spectators. On the grounds there were also two platforms, on one of which the dancing for prizes came off; the other was occupied by bands of musicians and piper::;, who enlivened the proceedings and filled up all intervals with music. In the park the society also built the Caledonian Hall, a large frame structure òf octagonal shape. Of its eight sides each was sixty feet long. This building, erected in 1883, was unfortunately destroyed by fire in 1900. The first athletic gathering, as above-mentioned. was held in 1875. About $300 was then offered in prizes. The attendance thereat was so encouraging that in the following year the manage- ment felt warranted in increasing the amount offered in prizes by 100. As the gathering in each succeeding year proved to be a greater IDr. :\facCrimmon was chief of the society from its formation until he left Lucknow, in 1890, excepting one year, when he was absent in Europe taking a post-graduate course. The doctor is a native of Glengarry, Ontario, where he was born in lR3S. His first association with Lucknow was as the teacher of the public school, which position he held in 1865 and 1866. He resigned to take up the study of medicine. On obtaining his degree he commenced to practice in Luck now, remaining there until 1890, when he moved to Underwood. After a sojourn there of five years he took up hiH residenf'e at Ripley, where he at present resides. There is no doubt but that the success of the Caledonia Societv of Lucknow was largely due to the enthusiasm, ('nerg r and personality of Dr. MacCrimmon. THE GA [ES 485 success than the preceding one, the prizes offered gradually increased in value until in 1883 and 188-:1: the handsome sum of $1,300 was offered. The attendance at the games increased from hundreds to thousands, until high water mark was reached in 1882, when fully twelve thousand persons attended the games. Such a large attend- ance could only be seeureù by thc o-operation of the railway com- pany, which in 187t5 offered fare at excursion rates; then, as the demand for transport increased, furnished special trains. These would arrive filled to overflowing with enthusiastic Scots, of whom might he quoted the sentiment that headed each annual programme of sports, which was: " Oh, Canada, I 10 'e ye weel, Altho' nae son 0' thine; Within thy wide domain there beats N ae truer heart than mine. But when a day like this com's roun' Auld Scotia has her claims; The thistle aye com's uppermost, I'll gang to see the games.' 1 The main features of the sports were distinctly in accord" ith the name and obje(.ts of the society. Prizes were given to the best per- former on the bagpipes, to the ue6t dancer of reels, strathspeys, the Highland fling and sword dance, also to the best dressed Ulan and boy in Highland costume. In feats of strength and skill the prizes offered c-o\"()f('d a wide fielù familiar to aU Sl'ottish athletes. rrhen there was an archery contest for ladies and also a quoiting tourna- ment. 1'h(' yarious contests W{'f(' f'agprly watched and the winners were loudly cheered.. The excitement reached its climax over the tug-of-war between teams chosen from the men of Brnce and Huron Counties. Thi6. was generally the la t cV(lnt on the programme The 111<'11 an' I:wleded with earp by each captain. .\8 the muscular fellows that compo e ('ach team strip for the ('vent tl1Pir supporters are loud in prophesying victory for their county. Then when, each tealU in place and grasping the rope, the word (( go" is given, the" tug" commences. \mong the spectators the excitement is intense, some of them being so carried away by it that it is with difficulty they are prevented from :;eizing the rope to help their side to victory. Th(' hanrlker('hief that marks the centre of the rope quivers over the centre line. Each tf'am, enconragC'rl by the cheC'rs 48t) GAMES CEASED of its friends, strain:, eyery muscle. :Maybe a foot !'lips, a slight advantage for the other side is thus obtained. Encouraged thereby yet one more effort is put forth, and amid the shouts 01 thousands a " draw" is made, and their opponents are pulled across the line. It seems a pity that these annual sports have for the last ten 'ears bepn given up, hut from yarious (;au rs the Caledonia Hoeiety has not the strength it once possessed. Some of its most interested and active members have left the village; many others have become members of "The Sons of Scotland." Weakened as it has thus been, the feature of the annual games has been dropped, let us hope but .f ,'1' a time. I II\r I \ \ \ 1 \ II . .. -ø:.V I _ : : '8\?: - -_. ,,/; ! . v i ' . :"- tt . . - . . .-.-::-?'\ i: r xit. J ,." .sOVTHA MP . J!I r i ;' :: ::'; !) ntt.!-r t:.: ... /, _. \, :t t"': IlL ( I ' '--' ;.{' V,,+ I -+- ... ,I, ,( . . " . , I qHANTAYi 161' . ',.\ ,. . .., Pf.1 i- V , "'''''\ ''''''' \" l ' ' ) ' J , % 'f I ; ,( / . \. \ I - i +.xl -=-" K:;. . I ! ,1J (I ,r'" , r l '7"-'... . "- ,: !", r== Dri$; lJ/: '; I . POR j ifj J J: t ry. I I! I I / \ Eu;r . NJ I I ', II (\/9.:.", / ;j ) )) ii'ê ij ., I :.,>, / '< WJ I ":. II'>!-""" '% .) t- W r;c'-dT, ;--f . \ ''7 W rr 10" - . .(3 !"1:' ". ø - -92:;71"ty .I '" ., '. / _ ') f f: Ij- rrr =H r-r: r.' I (f" t- 2_' i", X)<.... I 7 T - k q I Ff" 11../ l1 I JI - (> I k Jr I . :i I I' 1'\ '--'''''; :','1 ' , " Y: . Æ I ,WI I I, ."""'" I. . . ,jþ1__ - 1 I I L' '\ "' · , '<<_ 11, I J!->' U / I f!i -l I -11 It 'I N.A:-(, -----t, I l 3 'I . ,; 7 1 :. T I --r1 1 I '-- · n .. I.,. rT i-T-T-r- T N 1IT r :'- , '"'' E .-rD" " '3j ' l,to:/7 13 "i 20 2' 22 23 <"l l z 7 1.. :('.I I 11 h "... I I I I I I I M H ---. "1 Il %9 32.331;", I. J-' I i'-o I I I I I "r-t.. 1 "' I 1 ' Y t'-"1' 1'7 þf"t( . A 1"\ I 't<... '11 I T r""" CHAPTER XXXVI. T01VNSHIP OF SAUGEEN.l EXTR.ACT FROM THE REPORT OF COUNTY VALUATORS, 1901. .. This township, in proportion to its acreage, has more inferior land, we think, than any township south of the peninsula. The shore range, while much better than that of Bruce, is far below the average. This range, together with. the thousands of acres of drift sand in the north, and cut as the township is t1,rough its whole length by Mill Creek, the Saugeen River, and the railroad, combine to p1.în down the average value very much. However, there are a number of ,'ery fine farms in Saugeen thM- will compare favorably with any in the countJ". There are some sections of very stiff clay, and the land is very rough along the banks of the Saugecn niver. The rate per acre for this township is $ 8.(j(j. There is no village property in Saugeen." }IEN with keen eyes to perceive latent possibilities and who pur- posed settling in the Queen's Bush petitioned, as early as 1847, the government to have a survey made of the lands at the mouth of the Saugeen River and open the same for settlement. The locality was visited by Alex. Wilkinson, P.L.S.,2 in the fall of that year, but no Jands were surveyed at that time. 'Thc surycy of Saugeen Township into farm lots was conducted by A. Vidal, P.L.S.s His commission to do this work was dated January 13th, 1851. Gathering his party of men and necessary supplies, he left Sarnia by boat and reached the mouth of the Saugeen River on April 18th following. Securing canoes the party proceeded up the river to near the point where they were to commence work. Ir. Vidal's instructions were: Commenc- ing at the north-west corner of the township of Brant, to carry the Elora Road, as originally projectcd, through to some place near the mouth of the Saugeen River, and then survey the township into farm lots. The starting point was reached April 22nd, and work immediately commenced. The line thus laid was the base for the .... 11 I Saugeen " is the corrupted form of an Indian word meaning the entrance or mouth of tIle river. 'See Chapter II. 1:\ ftcrwarrls el{'vat{'d to the S,>nate of the Dominion. 489 490 PIONEERS sun-ey of tlll' rest of the township,! which was completed \ugust 22nd, 1851. In seeki g to name the first settlers in 8a ugeen, the reader is asked to remember that at the first, and for some subsequent years, the pre:;ent town of outhampton and the village of Port Elgin formed an integral part of the township. This it is necessary to bear in mind, as it was at these points the first settlements in Saugeen were made. It was in June, It>-1t1, that Capt. John Spence an d 'YiJliam Kennedy settled at Southamptó n, as is narrated in Chapter Ill. During the following year these pioneers were joined by James Orr and George Butchart. It was in the fall of 1849 that settlemen t w p made at Port Eig-in, the first settler being- Lachlin (Loch B t ie) cLean, w ho after a season spent at the Fishing Islands, landed at Port Elgin Bay and built a small log shanty in which he spent the first winter alone, and which as a tavern was at a later date known to all the :5cttler in (mgC'C'n. I n ltl.50 the first partv of lanù-seeke rs e ntered the township . These were Peter Smith, Dugald Bell an d Donald IcIntos h. As their home was in the county of Grey, on the Garafraxa Road, they in all pro ability descended the river on a raft or scow and made their way to the township in this mann er. Sãti fied with the prospects, they returnec1 to make arrangements to settle in the following spring. The next party of prospectors were \Yilliam 2 and Da,-id Kennedy. From their home near Guelph they, in January, 1851, drove to Owen Sound, then guided by an Indian t?ey walked to Southampton and thence into the interior of the township. Thoroughly pleased with the outlook for settlement, they r('1raced t1H'ir stC'p . to return in April following. Davitl Kellnedv, i n h is hook C'ntitlec1 .. TllcidC'nts of Pioneer Davs."3 c1e cribe the we lfi- some journey over the Garafraxa and Durham Roads to Hanover i J]. "'larch, 1851. T he building of a large scow there (th lumber for which they cut with a whip-saw out of a large pine tree they had felled). th thc tedious delay owing to high ,yater in the Sauge. en, I -\ peculiarity about the survey of Saugeell is the " Iarinc allowance" :llong the. eùge of t.he river in this township, a feature not found elsewhere on the l'Iver Saugeen. William Kennedy was for thirty years a resident'f Saugeen. He then moved to the township of Derby, residing there for ten years, when } e retired from farming and resided at Tara. where he died, .T uly 31st, 1903. F or twenty-five years he was an elder of the Presbyterian Church at Burgoyne alH1 latterly at Tara also. 3 A perusal of this little book is earnestly recomm('nc1ec1 to anyone interested in the pioneer days of the county of Bruce. FIHST SETTLEll 49J the final start Qf the party of twelve in number, the llarrow e;:;capes from shipwreck, and at length, on reaching augeen rrownship, the g htdsome welcome iven them by the earliest settler, Alexander \ allace and James D. Cathay, the la _ter a teacher and mis ionary at the lndian village. As far as the author has been able to ascertain, A exandër 'Vallace is entitled to the credit of being the first settl r in what is now the township of augeen. \Vhile the snow was still on the ground, in the spring of 1851 , )Ir. 'Vallace left Owen ôound for" the bush," drawing after him a toboggan 011 whicþ w<:Is piled his household effects, his brave wife, ladened with bundles, accom- panying him. Reaching the Indian village .Mrs. \Vallace remained as the guest of :Mrs. Cath&.y, while her husband sought a desirable spot on which to locate. Ha"ing found one to his liking, he pro- ceeded to erect a log shanty, t is related of l\lrs. \Vallace, that becoming anÜous to a:, ist her hUðband, she left her hospitable quarters and sought her husband's shanty, the walls only of which were erected. As neither door, window or roof had been made, she entered her new home by climbing over the top of the log wall. From that time she remainecl with her hu band roughing it in the bush,l and nobly doing her part in making a home in the wilderne::,s. T he following are the names of some of the pioneers of Saug;e en wh o f:ettled in the township in 1 51 : Alexander and John \VaUace, William and David Kennedy, Thomas Burgess, Philip Strowger, John alld Jacob Atkill:;on, \ViUialll Gowanlock, James Rowand, Silas Fuller, Peter, Thomas and .J ohn mith, \Villiam, Joseph and John Stir ton, Archibald Armstron , Thoma5 Turner, Neil Bell, John 1\ in , .Archihal(l I'olltwk and Hoh('rt Craig. T he majority of those above- m entioned found their W l{) thf'ir n ew homes in the bUbh bj "'ay of the river Saugeen, either on ra fts or r oughly constructed sc ows. To persons unaccustomed to hannling such unwieldy crafts misha-ps were a common occurrence. ::5ome were ship",reckcd on sunken snags, others had a portion of their cargo s\\ept off into the turhulent waters by low-hanging branches of trees that 1)(' 1 0\('1' t111' I'tn'am. 'I claIl ('l"OUf: to iUt'\.pcl'icIll'pd :--ailors was the navigation that it wab with feelings of thankfulness the passengers reached their destination and stepped asho1'l'. Hardly a ny of these voyagers hut could relate a tale of hairbreadth eSC8f e d uring the course of theIr passage down the Saugee n. 'This I' timahlf'. :11111 III\H'II (' tl"'m('(1 wolllan pas ,'d :tw:t.', F('l,rllary J th, 100h, lI:n-lJIt! snrn'.f',1 Jlt'r IIII h:Uj(1 SOIllf' thirtf'l'n Yf':II. . 492 LIVES ENDANGERED The number of incoming settlers increased in the following years. Among those who entered the township in 1852-3 the following may be mentioned: "Donald Currie, Dugald Bell, Robert Leeder, Iden Goble, James Stewart, Clement Seiffert, Henry and Adam Hilker, John Stafford, John and Angus McPhee, Donald, Archibald and Angus Galbraith. These years also marked the beginning of a flow into the township of settlers of German nationality from 'Vaterloo County, men who as a rule were pretty well-to-do. So satisfied were these first-comers in regard to the prospects of the settlement that a proposition was made to Mr. McNabb, the Crown Land Agent, to settle the rest of the township with Germans from the locality they came from. This proposition was not, however, entertained. Not- withstanding. the flow of German settlers continued. Prominent among them were Benjamin Shantz? Samuel Bricker, W. H. Ruby, John Goble, Peter 'Vagner and John Zant. The following incident of the early settlers is worthy of being recorded. It is an extract from the Paislell Advocat e. Late in December, 1851, t.wo travellers seeking to cross the Saugeen, were obligingly ferried across in a canoe by two of :Mr. Gowanlock' s daughters. On returning, the river, which had all morning been running snow, slush and ice, became so blocked thereby that the two young women found that it was impossible to force the canoe across the river. They certainly were in a perilous position, as no rope or pole could be got that would reach them from the shore. Some- times the canoe with its surrounding of slush would remain immov- able, then breaking loose would start swiftly down the river, and all the while little or no progress was made shoreward. It was bit- terly cold, a nd only bv incessant attempts at paddling could the young women keep themselves from t!,e ing. It was not until about dusk that they were rescued from their dangerous situation, and then it. was accomplished by felling a small tree into the riv er, which by the greatest good fortune they were able to grasp in passing. One of these yo ung ladie _ afterwards became the wife of Jame s Ro wand, the memoer for 'Vest Bruce for the years 1887 to 18. 95. The lauds in Saugeen were among those classed as "School Iß.nds," and as such were opened for sale 1 July 30th, 1852, at the price of ten shillings ($2.00) per acre. Pioneers who had located themselves on farm lots prior to this date were known as squatters, 'See Appendix J. REEVES AND OFFICERS 493 and they had, on the appearance of the notice offering the lands. in the township for sale, to tak8 immediate steps to have recognized their" squatter's rights" to the lots on which they were living. SauO'cen is the smallest townshi p in Bruce. Nevertheless, in the lEI early years of settlement up to 1856, owing to the rapid inflow of industrious settlers, it occupied a second or third place in regard to the amount of its equalized assessment among the townships in the county.! It was this fact that led the United Counties Council, .when it dÜ:solved the union of townships within the county of Bruce,2 to make it a separate municipality, instead of uniting it with some other township, as was done in the case of all the other townships, Huron excepted. The first municipal election was held in January, 1854. The one polling place was at Belcher's tavern at Southampton, and the returning officer was Alex. '\fcN abb. The members of Council then elected were Messrs. James Calder, John Valentine, Thomas Turner, Alexander :McNabb and John Smith. The first meeting of the Township Council was held at the house of James D. Cathay, on ..Tanuary 16th, 1854, the first business of which was the election of a reeve, which honor was unanimously conferred on Alexander :Mc abb, and James D. Cathay was appointed township clerk. In a footnoteS th(' names of the various reeves of the township from the first to the time of writing are given, also of the township clerks and treasurers. in Chapter YI. arc narrated the measure,:; taken to relieve the destitution that existed throughout the county in 1859 (" Starvation Year "). Saugeen Township shared in the common calamity, but to JS ee Appendix :M. 2S ee .\ppendix F. BReeves of thp township of ::;augeen from 1834 to 1906, inclusive: .\lex. MC'Xabb, 1854, '56, '57; Robert R('id, 1855; Donald Currie, 1858; Thomas Brown, 1859, '60, '61; William H. Ruby, 1862, '63 ; ,James Rowand, 1 li4, '67, '68, '69, '70; .John Wallace, 186:>, '66; Henry Hilker, 1871, '72, '73; N. Cassidy, 18í4, '7f), '76; John Peirson, 1877 to 1888; P. Cummings, 1889 to 1894; A. R. Hutchison, 1893, '96; M. Cook, 1897, '9S; Alex. fcKinnon, 1899, 1900; Alex. :McCanncl, 1901, '02; Robert Smyth, 1903 to 1906. l\'"ames of the township clerks of Saugeen from 1854 to 190t;: .Tames D. Cathay, 18;'4; Dr. n. Haynes, lS.j5; .John Eastwood, lR36, '57, '58 ancl 1871 to 187G; Archibald Rov, 18.")9 to ISôí; .John C. Currie 1868 '69 '70' R. B. Fleming. 1877 to 19u-i; Fr('(l. W. Elliott, 1903, 'OG.' , , , Kames of the township treasurers of Saugeen: In lR!"i4 anù 1855 the author has reason to believe that the to" nship (']('Tk was alRO township treasurer, but haR not been able to obtain conclusive evidf'llC'e. .John Eastwood, 1856, '57, '58; Ar{'hibald Hoy, 18.39 to 1869; W. II. Rubv, 1870 to his death, August 9th, 1892; X F.. Leeder, Rr., part of 1892 to ÚWô. 494< OPENING OF ROADS its credit be it noted that it and the village of Southampton were the only municipalitles within the county that declined to accept aid from the County Destitution .Fund. rfhe rfowllship Council, at a meetmg held April 1-1th, 1839, ueciùed to use whatever funds were in the township treasury, and also whatever more that lllight be obtained by the sale of Non-Resident Loan Fund Debentures to purchase seed .grain, which was to be sold to any resident of the township, for which all approved joint note, paJable in October folIo" ing, would be al:cepæd. Councillors J oseph chell and John :stafford were .appointed a committee to receive and distribute the grain thus purchased. The first expenditure made by the government towards opening roads in Saugeen was in 1852, when that part of the Elora Road which lies north of Burgoyne was opened as part of the Saugeen and Sydenham Road, thë contract of which was let by :Mr. :McN abb, Crown Land \.gent. After the appointment of Da, id Gibson as Super- intendent of Colonization Roads in September, 1853, contracts were let for making a good "\Vinter Road "1 on what are known as the . Elora and Goderich Hoads. The principal contractor for work on the Elora Road was James Campbell, who was paid 270. On the Goderich Road the largest contracts were let to Joseph Gilbert and J ames Turner, who received respectively f;250 and 180. The work in these several contracts was performed in 1854. Yery little, if any, work was done under government direction in 1855 in Saugeen, but in 1856 Joseph Gilbert received a contract for work on the Elora Road that amounted to f1,020, which outlay was made in the endeavor to make of it a "summer road." The County Gravel Road By-law, passed in 1865, provided liberally for the town- ship of Saugeen, both the Elora and Goderich Roads being gravelled, giving the east and west sides of the township excellent roads. Saugeen and Brant are the two townships in the county that are the most burdened with the expense of constructing and maintaining large bridges. The Saugeen River is a noble and deservedly admired stream, but when its course lies t.hrough the lull length of a town- hip, as in Saugeen, and bridges have to be stretched across its waters and over !Tood-sized tributaries as well. a large outlay i demanded, first to build the bridges and then an annual charge to keep them in lIn a foot-note in Chapter V., referring to :1fr. Gibson's work, the spe('ifif'ations of H ,. winter road" are to be foune1. BRIDGE -l-H ,j repair. The tOwnship of :::;augeen, the town of :::;outhampton and the "illages of Port Elgin and Paisley have reason to congratulate them- elves upon the relief from this financial burden that. has come from thc count.Y' In some instances this has come because of the liberal, broad-minded views held by members of the County Council. In ot.her cases this has been because of statutory compulsion, as in the case of ::;tirton's bridge,1 l';pon the hounùarie of the::;e four minor municipalities above mentioned or within their limits, the county is responsible for sixteen bridges, about two-thirds of these being expensive structures, e.g., )IcCalder's bridge, the" cost of which was over $9,000. Notwithstanding the help recehcd from the county, Saugeen h.1" eleven bridges oyer 75 feet in length to maintain, the IH1Tnf':, amI length of which are f!iycn in a footnote. 2 Sauge(,ll, although the smallest town hip in the county Bruce, has heen by no mean:' the one of the least influence. .At an early date in the history of the county it was of sufficient importance to be one of the fir t two townships to be C"reated into a separate municipality. On two occasions have its ree\ ('s been elected to the wardenship of the county, in the persons of John Peirson and P. [1ummings, From the ranks of its }eomanry, in the person of .Tames Howand, it has furnished the member for orth Bruce to sit in the House of Commons, and in thc person of Lieut.-Co!. .T. ,\ . b. Biggar a repre- sentative to the House of \.ssemhly at Toronto. Thc cttlers who took up land in Saugecn were of good stock, and thcir desccndants may be T('licù upon to maintain, as they of the past hnve donf'. tlIP gooll name and reputation of the township. IThe oft-repeated refusal of the County Council to assume this bridg(', which is 334 feet in length, led the member for North Bruce (C, M. Bowman), at the suggestion of some of his eonstituents, to seek to have the Municipal Act amended so that counties QC compelled to assumc all bridges over 300 feet in length that arc required for general traffic. The House of Assembly passed the Amendment (see 3 Edw, VII. Chap 18, Sec. 132) and Stirton '8 Bridge became a county bridge. :lList of some of the bridges in Saugcen, with their length: Over Mill Creek-}-IcRae's (235 feet), Schwass' (231 fpet), Zant's (174 feet), I{f'etIe's (115 feet), Iurkar 's (114 feet), IcEwen 's (81 feet); over Snake Cr{'('k- Bell's (275 feet), Goldberg's (189 feet), Stewart OR (119 fcet), Gowanlo('k '!-! (77 feet); over Beaver Creek, (113 feet). CHAPTER XXX \-11. VILLAGE OP PORT ELGIN.1 As mentioned in the preceding Chapter, the first person to settle in the bush that covered the present site of Port Elgin village was Lachlan (" Loch Buie") l\lcLean. The summer of 1849 had seen him engaged at the Fishing Islands. After the work of the season there was over, he found his way to Port Elgin Bay. The supply of provisions he had was small; nevertheless he made up his mind to settle t.here for the winter at least. On land lying just north of Market Street he built a shanty, in which he kept a tavern for several years. His patrons consisted prinéipally of the settlers in Saugeen, Bruce and Elderslie, and of land-seekers going into these townships. The amount of travel past" Loch Buie's" was by no means inconsid- erable before the erection of Burgess' (now IcCalder's) bridge, as the route taken by travellers going t.o the townships above named from Southampton was along the lake shore as far as the bay at Port Elgin; there it struck inland. At" Loch Buie's" the heavy loads of flour or other supplies the settler had carried on his back thus far were set down, and rest and refreshments were sought. George Butchart, one of the very earliest of the pioneers of Bruce, came t.o the county with the idea of engaging in lumbering operations on the Saugeen. Perceiving how much more easily a dam could be erected across :Mill Creek than the wide Saugeen River, not t.o mention the difference in cost, he in the spring of 1852 commenced the erection of a dam and saw-min on Mill Creek, at a point now within the village limits. This mill he operated for a couple of years, to the great con- venience of immediate settlers, until 1854, when he sold the water privilege and sawmill to Benjamin Shantz and moved to Baie de Dore. :1ir. Shantz, on becoming posse sed of the property, commenced the erection of a grist mill, which was completed in 1855. There is always a reason why for the originating and developing, or not doing so, of an industrial and trading centre in new settlements. IThe n3me borne by the village is supposNl to lIave bcen given in honor of the Earl of Elgin, Governor-General at the time the village began to take form. 496 ,-, CAPT. J UH PJo ('E p. 50S ..... lh:, In II" h t.R )'. -Ifl7 , \ . LT. -COL. A. E. BELCHEI p.512 r ..... '1'110'1.\" .\ n \lit 1'. 513 HENRY HILh.EH. 497 This ill some cases is none too apparent, as is shown in _\.ppendix N, where there is gi,en the name::; of a number of places in thi::; county which at first promised well, but failed to develop. In the case of Port Elgin, however, we see a village that rapidly developed, although handicapped by close proximity to another village which possessed the advantage of an earlier start, and which also was expected to be made the county town; and yet for several decades the younger village was the I1lI):::;t prosperous of the two. This is largely attributable to the men who founded or afterward::; lived in the village of Port Elgin. Its founders were Henry Hilker,! Samuel Dricker,2 Clement Sieffert, Ben- jamin Shantz,3 :Martin Hoover and John Stafford. The presence of a mill and a tavern located at cross-roads possibly formed the nucleus for the village, and the above-mentioned energetic. resolute men supplied the necessary enterprise which evolved from a settlement in the bush the thriving village of Port Elgin. It was in 185'2, 185:3 and 185-1 that the above-mentioned men 5'ettled on the farm lots which afterwards they had surveyed into village lots. 4 Prior to the snney portions of the farm lots had been sold for building purposes, but only to a limited extent. Confirming this, the author has bef>n told by :Mr. J. C. Kennedy that when he carne to Port Elgin, in September, 1855, the village then consisted of but seven houses, of which two wcre taverns kept by John Stafford and H. Hilker. The author has been fortunate in receiving from A. H. R. Kennedy a letter, giving inter- esting particulars regarding the early settlement of Port Elgin. The I HpJlry Hilker was born near IIC'Ì<1C'lburg, (;ermauy. in 1 S t. \\Thcn ten years of ag(' he went, with his father, to .Jamaica. Their stay then> lasted only until lS::l7, when they came to Canada and settled at Preston. In the fall of 18;)2 :Mr. Hilker came to Bruce. After taking up land, part of which is now in Port Elgin viHage, he returned to Watl'rIoo. In the following spring he brought his family with him to his hush farm. From thl'n until his death (whi('h occurred .January 2nd, 1900) Mr. Hi]ker was constantly engagpù in C'nterprisC's which hC']ped to make Port Elgin all that it is to-ùay. As a nwmlwr of the firm of Ruby & Hilker, merchants and grain buyers, his name be('ame widely known throughout the county. The Commercial Block, built by him, and in which the firm carried on business, has few to ('qual it in appearance outside of our cities. Mr. I1ilkl'r held the Tceveship of Saugeen for three ,\"C'ars, and that of the villagC' for seven years. For many yC'ars he was a member of the UnitC'd Brethren Church, but latterly he united with the l'rl'sbJ"tl'rian Church. 2E. X. Browl'r was th(' original squatt('r on lot 9, concession 8, township of H:IU#{l'ell (now part of the viJJage plot). His. rights were purchased bv anll1('1 BrickC'r. . 3( ;C'orge Butchart was the original quatter on lot n, lakf' range, town- shIp :::íaugeC'n (now part of the village plot). His rights Wl're purchased b.," Benjamin Hh:mtz. 'The ùate of the pIan of the survey is March 2nd, lS5ï. 4 18 NORMA NTON POST OFFICE letter wa accompanied by a map, showing the corners at the crossing of the eighth concessiolll'oad by the Goderich and ::::;augeen Road, now the corner of .ßIill and Goderich treets, Port Elgin. On the north- east corner of lot 40, Lake Hange (now block 41) stood John Staf- ford's tavern. Across the road, on the north-west corner of lot 9, con- cession 8 (now block 1) was E. K. Brower's shanty, and on the south- east corner of lot 41, Lake Range (now block 68), was the log house in which !fr. Kennedy kept store. In his letter he says: "I \Va's the first store-keeper in the township of Saugecn, having opened a store ill what is now the village of Port Elgin on lJlay 27th, 1854. At that time the village contained only three houses, a tavern unfinishrù log-house that I bought. for a store, that had been built by a l\Ir. Butchart, who had sold out to Benjamin Shantz before I went to Saugeen. I bought the house and 1-4 acre of land on the corner from Benjamin Shantz. After opening my store the people got me to petition the Post Office D<'partment to c-:tablish a post- office. The petition was granted, and I was appointed postmaster. The post-office was named Normanton 1 on account of it, at that time, being considered one of the most northern post-offices in Canada. The nearest date I can find as to when the N orman ton P.O. com- menced business is about the 16th December, 1854. At that time there was no waggon road through Port Elgin; the mails were brought on foot by a man of the name of John Urquhart. who once a week carried the mail from Kincardine to Southampton." After conducting the business above-mentioned until April, 1855, J\Ir. Kennedy disposed of it to Messrs. Lehnen & Ruby.2 :Mechanics and others also in increasing numbers wpre led at an early date to settle at Pod Elgin. By united effort they had the satisfaction of witnessing the surrounding walls of forest trees being pushed further IThis office at :first was known as " Normanton," a name it bore until April 1st, 1874, when the post-office autliorities consented to change it to Port Elgin. A. H. R. Kennedy continued to act as postmaster for about a year, when he was succeeded by John J. Lehnen, who held the position until 1864. Archibald Roy was the next postmaster. On his death, in 1868, his widow was appointed his successor in officer which position Mrs. Roy has retained until the present day. 2J. J. Lehnen only remained in the :firm for a few years, after which he sold his interest to H. Hilker, when the name of the :firm became Ruby & Hilker. On Mr. Ruby's death (August 9th, 1892) the business was continued under the present name of Hilker & Co., by Henry E. Hilker. It is satisfactory to think that the :first mercantile business started in the village is, after half a century, still flourishing. The next merchants to commence business in Port Elgin were George Craig and Edward Gordon. EARLY ISDUSTRIES 4B9 back, roads opened, hou:::.es built, and trade and commerce increase. These last-mentioned features receÏ\ed a marked impetus by the COIl- struction of a pier, built in 1 5 ì -5t>, by private enterprise, which per- mitted the lanùing of pa senger::; nd goo<1,. l'rior to this, when the steamboat entered the bay on its way to and from Goùerich a large cow (built by George I!'enwick) was roweù out until it lay alongside the steamer. .By it all passengers and freight found their \\ ay to land. The pier helped to a great extent to build up the eÅport trade of the village. Grain buyers appeared in the persons of Iartin Hoover and Samuel Bricker, who built, at the harbor, grain storehouses. About the time the pier was built the gO\ernment undertook the construction of a slllall breakwater, the initial step toward the makillg of a harbor. Among the early settlers of Port Elgin alive to-day and a resident of the village, is J. C. Kennedy. ;:,cptember, 1855, is the date when he first set foot there. After he had succeeded in erecting a house and shop he commenced business at his trade as a wagonmaker, which he carried on snccessfully during many .rears until he retired. In :May, 1t>5G, James :Muir, another of the pioneer artisans of Port Elgin, took up his abode in the villa:re, and since then ha') been one of its active citizens. Andrew Rood was Purt Elgin's first blacksmith, but unfortunately he met an untimely end. He, wÌth his family and brother, had been enjoying a sail on the lake, Returning therefrom, and after having entered the bay, by some mishap the boat capsized and all were drowned. Of industries that developed ahout the time referred to there mig-ht be mentioned the steam Rawmill built in lRf)6 by 8amuel lkicker, The boiler for this was floated down the Saugeen. To Hlccessfully navigate such an un" ieldy craft pieces of timbf'r were ecured to its sides at the water line, forming a rough sort of a dpck on which to stand. They also served as outriggers to prevent the boiler from roll- ing oYer. 1 <\ foundry was commenced in a small way by \lex. }\fcLauchlan in 1859. The extent of the plant pan be judged from the fact that horse-power was used to drive the air-hlast required when smelting. t\ few years latpr, when his hrother Rob(>rt hecame a part- 1H'r in the husine , a t(>n horse-power engine \\ as installed. Brick- making was started by Barthold Smith in 1860. A woollen mill wa;: another industry of the vilJage, inaugurated in the early shties by IThe incident. cIippcd from thp Paisley Idvocate, given in a footnote in (,hapt('r V., about floating' a boiJ(>r down th(> aug('en, doubtJ(.ss rdf'rred to this expJoit, aJthoug'h thl' .Idl'o(,flte fh... it l'arJi('r aUf 1 S:I\ s that thl' hoil('r waR for a miJI at SoutJl:lml'ton. . 500 "THE TIMES" Messrs. Buschlin &; Eby. They who subsequently carried on this industry have been Betzller &. Sons, .McCarthay & Wilson, Lewis :JIcCarthy and M. G. Barber. A description of Port Elgin in 1866 is to be found in a Directory published early in the following year. The population is therein stated to be about 630. In addition, the following particulars are given. There were five churches in the village belonging to the follow- ing denominations, namely: }Iethodist, :l\fennonites, United Breth- ren, Presbyterian and the Church of the New Jerusalem, two schools, a commodious Town Hall, four stores, three hotels, a job printing office, a brewery, two tanneries, a woollen factory, a foundry, two sawmills, a grist mill, a pottery, besides a goodly number of the smaller handicrafts, and one physician, Dr. Robert Douglass. 1 During the half dozen years or so subsequent to the last-mentioned date the growth of the village was not rapid. This is shown by a comparison of the amount of assessments. In 1868 the assessed value of village property was $31,120. Five years later, in 1873, it was but $92,000. The following disconnected incidents belong to this period. Port Elgin, with other lake ports, came in for its share of harbor grants from the county, which spent in 1867-68 some $3,600 on works in the harbor. 2 Some time about the year 1869 Port Elgin was first connected with the outer world by electric telegraph. In the same yearS a sec60nal tax was levied by the township of Saugeen on the property in the village. "To raise the sum of $350 to defray the expense of fencing ground and erecting a suitable building within the limits of the village for agricultural and other exhibitions." Not much could be done with this small amount, yet from such humble beginnings has sprung the highly successful North Bruce Riding Exhibition of to-day. Another event of this period in the history of Port Elgin was the establishing in 1869 of a local newspaper, The Free Press. The enterprising publisher was H. ,T. Bf'nner. For seventeen years this paper experienced the usual vicissitudes of country jOllrnalism, till, in 1886, it and Th e BlIsy Times were merged into one under the name of The Port Elgin Times, now The Times. The Busy Times made its first appearance in the last week of December, 1877. ,Y. S. ,Tohnston (now of Toronto) was the proprietor and IThe first medical man to settle at Port Elgin was Dr. Hill, who C'ame about 1856. Port Elgin Harbor .Works in 1867 and 1868 are described as consisting of a landing pier extending 264 feet out into the lake and of a brpakwater 509 feet in length. 3S ee By-law No. 36 of County of Bruce, passed December 9th, 1869. OPLSING OF THE RAILWAY 301 editor. In 1 88 Robert Munro purchased The Times, and has con- ducted it ever since most successfully. 'rhe opening of the railway for trafiic in 1813 resulted in bringing to Port Elgin an augmented volume of trade. The population increased and attained to a number that authorized an effort being made to have the village incorporated. On a census being taken that year, the population was found to be 941. The County Council there- upon passed, on June 7th, 1873, a by-law incorporating the village of Port Elgin, also directed that the first municipal election "be held in the old school-house 011 the south side of :Mill Street," and that John Eastwood be the returning officer. The election, which was held the following January, resulted in the return of H. Hilker as reeve,! and D. O. Bricker, James :Muir, ltlartin Hoover and .Tohn )fcIntosh as councillors. Following the separation from the township of aug"l'l'n an adjustment of assets and liabilities of the two municipalities had to be arranged. In this matter Henry Hilker and James :Muir acted for the village, and Neil Cassidy and John Peirson for the township. The decision arrived at was that the village assume, as its share of the liabilities of the township, the sum of $535.30. The decade following the opening of the railway may properly be looked upon as the most prosperous period in the first h lf century of Port Elgin. Not only did it become incorporated, but business was conducted on a scale larger than previously known. Farmers found it to be a satisfactory market at which to sell their various descriptions of produce, while its reputation as a grain market was widespread. The mo!'t prominent and energetic of Port Elgin's business men of this period was D. O. Bricker. 2 althollgh others there ' erc deserving of mention who also developed large commercial and industrial enter- 'The following are the names of those who ha"p lwt'll Tl'CVI'S of the village of Port Elgin, with the years in whi('h the." held oßice, viz.: H. Hilk('r, 1Rï 4, 'ï,"), ''ii, 'is, 'i!I, '.sO, '. 2; A. C. Sin('lair, :\1.1>., ] Si'fi; D. J. Tzzanl, 1881, 1891; W. S. .Johnston, ]SS to l O: R. ,runro, lS , '93; .T. .\. Chapman, lSH4, '9,), '96; .1. R. Paterson, M.D., 189ï; 11. E. Hilker, 1898, '99; .Tohn George, 1!WO; D. Geddes, 1901 to 1 06. 2Dilman Oherholt Bricker was horn, in the year 1840, in the county of Waterloo, of Pennsylvania Dutch parents of the rennonite faith. His father, Samuel Bricker, with his family, scttled in Port Elgin in March, 1854. D. O. Brick{'r was at an early age cn a ed in bu iness for himsf'If. His en{'r y and enterprise not ouly brou ht him to the front, but the village also. For years he conducted his varied busilWss enterprises Success- fully. To carry these on conveniently he built the .\rlington Blo('k, which provided the ]argcst premises oc('upif'd by any firm in the county. Suffering heavy losses in grain, Mr. Bricker, in the faU of 1880, became bankrupt. To retrieve his fortunes Mr. Bricker went to Winnipc and was again successful. After twenty 'ears there his health gave way and he returned to Port Elgin, whf're hf' spent thf' last two ") (':Irs of his life. His death oceurrl'(l .\pril lith. 1904. 502 THE HARBOR prises, such as Zinkan, Cress & Co. Their tannery, lllanufacturing for the shipping trade, employed a large number of workmen, and was one of the leading industries of the village. The promise the village gave of further growth induced the Bank of Hamilton to open a branch there in 1 ì3. For thirty-three years this was the sole chartered bank in Port .Elgin, although a private bank (Allen, )Ic1Iahon & Co., afterwards H. A. Allen) carried on business for about fifteen years of this period, until it clo ed its doors in 189-1. In the summer of 1906 the .Metropolitan Bank opened an agency in the ,illage, supplying it with abundant banh.ing facilities and incidentally showing the increased business importance of Port Elgin. After the incorporation of the village, the need was felt of a suitable town hall. The matter was taken up in 1875 by the Village Council, which at one of its first meetings passed a by-law to raise a loan of $3,000 for this purpose. The site, at a cost of $ )OO, was pur- chased from Edward Gordon, and the contract was let to J. 1IcLachlan for $2.460, and in August following the corner-stone of the building was laid. The sum raised as above mentioned, being insufficient to complete the building, more money had to be raised. To do this, in 1877 the Legislative Assembly was applied to, which, in respol1sP to a petition, pas ed an Act! authorizing the sale by the corporation of certain public quar('s and reserves on the following mentioned conditions: "'rhe proceeds of every such sale by the said corporation shall be held and applied by it, in fully finish- ing and completing the town hall and in aiding the Board of School Trustees in purchasing a site and erecting such school buildings as the said Buard may require to have built." The new town hall was opelwd 1\f arch 7th, 1877, with a concert and a ball. The harhor at Port Elgin, like all others on the eastern shores of I.ake Huron, has cost a large sum. The initial work, as before stated, "-as commenced in 1851-58. Tn 1872 \.lex. Sproat. the member for \" orth Bruce. stated in the House of Commons that the expenditure up to then on this harbor was in e"Ycess of $30,000, of whieh but a small proportion had been paicl by the' government. The depart- mental rf>port for the year e'nding ,Tunp 30th. 1899. states that the expenditure hy it up to then amounted to !þ80,65'2. Sinc'f> thf>n further large sums have been expended. so that it is safe to sa " that the cost of making the harbor what it is to-da ' i gre'atly in excess of $100.000. )[ariners may say that itf:: ('ntranCf> i none too ('a Y under c('rtain '-tn Yic. ('hap (1. DEBENTüRES 503 condition::; of w.ilHl and weathe.r, but, once in, vd':-cls have all the pro- tection nf'eded. Port Elgin harbor is an excellent one for a vessel to winter in, there being no danger from spring freshet::;, as is the case where the harbor is placed at the mouth of a ri\er. The village of Port Elgin hat: ever been liberal anJ puhlic-spirited in granting bonuses and loans to encourage the establishment of indu::;tries in its midst, and also in providing n1t'(m for useful and needc>d public imprO\ emcnts, a:-; the foHm\ ing list of is ues of deben- tures shows. Prior to It;t;5 the total it: up amounted to $16,000. The following list up to that year is probably correct; after that year it IS so: III IS;,) IX,.') I...,n ISSII ISS,) ISS; ISHS IS!If' Hmo ))euelltun s is,.,ued for' :-:: ,OUO for town hall, et 5.01J/J for school purpm;c,... iJ,nuu for honus to grist mill ((-..rey& 'h'Che ncy) .).4100 for harbor imprm-ements. 1,IH'O for honus to foumlr\". 5,000 for loan to grist miÜ (t;eo. A. )[cKay). :í,flOO for loan to hutton factory. 4,0110 to huild High Rchool. -l, O J to huild l'ublic Sehool. In 1 R!I';' the unpaid debenture debt and interest amounted to $10.1 7.0G, There existed at the same time a floating debt of the \ illagc> amI thp two ehool Goard:; which amounted to $3,fl } .3!), mak- ing a total indphteÙlless at that time of $1. ,119.-:1:3. This being found hurdc>nf'oll1C and oppressive, application was made to Parliament to (;on olidate the d(.ht aUf} e tencl t1w payment of thp san1P over twpnty years. The aprlie-ation wa:"\ granted and an h::tl pas::,ed authorizing thp issue of (1c>henture to. tIll' e wnt of $17.UOO for tlIt' said purpose. iIl(;e then the further issue or debenture':' ha:-: be 'n: In 1!I1I Dehentures for :-: 4,0110 as honlls to hl"ll'.h fac'ton'. " l!)u:J 10,000 as honus j:-::;,OtHI) anI I lo.m ( i,fI'hl, to ])0- minion HarneRs Co. H'II: 4,.)iJO for COllstruct ion of I'.ulOli thic sidl'\\ alks, " Local impro"cnlt.'nts." .. HJO-l ,l,l'il"' for construction of gmnolithic sidewalks, " LOI'al impro\'cmcn-ts." IB05 ) llJ'-laws P'lS,.,Cd, [ i,OOt) tfJ \\"m. :\Ic\Ticar, "onu" to stl\\mill and spur line of mil" ay to harhor. H)l)h J ])chentUl'cs yet l iJII,noo for Rystt'1Il of "atcrwOJ'ks. 1I1,0UO loan to the tc\'ens, Hepncr Com pall)" hrush I!'UIÎ to he issuecl. factory. Prior to ill(' ,otp being take'n. in J UIle', lOOG, on the last two men- tionC'd itpm , t1IP thpn deù('nture deht of thC' ,illag-c was stated to be :;-l.OO.j.4!), exc1usi,e of local impro\C>llwnt dchentun' . It wi II he notpd w ha t a Jargp n mon n t 11,,<; hl'''" ,of I'll h." t hr> 1'a tp- 'fill Vi('. ('ha 1'. ,(j. 504 THE SP"C"R LI E payers in the endeavor to build the village up as a manufacturing centre. Success has unfortunately not attended all these efforts. At present the leading industry of l>ort Elgin is probably the brush factory. This was established in 1883 by John Hepner (previously a resident of N apanee) and six business men of the village. Two years later, in February, 1885, the works were destroyed by fire. A stock company was then formed under the name of the Port Elgin Brush Co., Limited, and the works rebuilt. T. 1. Thompson was president of this company, and B. B. Boyd manager. rren years later the company went into liquidation. In June, 1896, the plant was purchased by H. H. Stevens, John Hepner and E. H. Schiedel, who carried on the busi- ness under the name of Stevens, Hepner & Co. In 1901 the last- mentioned gentleman retired from the firm. Tn that same year new buildings were erected and the capacity of the plant doubled. Five years later, in the spring of 1906, the firm made a proposition to the village, offering to erect an addition to their factory of 180x36 feet, of three stories and basement, and to double their capacity for produc- tion, provided the village would install a system of waterworks (affording fire protection), and guarantee a loan of $10,000 for ten years. The proposition was accepted by the village, and the required by-law was passed by a large majority. The business is at present carried on under the name of The Stevens, Hepner Co., Limited. Another manufacturing plant that promises to add materially to the business of the vil1age is the \Ym. l\lc Yicar & Sons sëlwmil1. at the harbor. A bonus of $7,000 to this firm was voted upon and carried, September 16th, 1905, in consideration of which the firm undertook to ered a large sawmill. and also to pUrChä::iC the rig:ht-of- way for a spur line of railway from the Grand Trunk Railway station to the harbor, to grade the same and supply the requirerl railway ties, the Grann Trunk Railway Company at the same time offering to supply the rails and lay the track. \Y. l\Ic Yicar & Sons also agreed to furnish a locomotive and engine-house. At the time of writing considerable work has bepn donp, anà the linp i almost completed. 1 A bonus and loan totalling $10,000 was granted to the Dominion Harness Company, in 1903. This company has not, as originally tAt the time the railway to Southampton was surveyed the intention was to have the railway enter Port Elgin on the lake shore side, and the station in proximity to the harbor. Considerable and mistaken opposition to this proposal was met with from property holders in the eastern part of the village, under the impression the centre of business would be moved to the vicinity of the proposed station. Unfortunately the views of thest' men carried, and it is only now, after many efforts, that the railwa:,- will reach the harbor. SCHOULS 505 started, been a ucc('::,sful venture. 1n 1906 the company was reorganized under the nalllC of the I )ominion Pre:::s('ù teel Company, to manufacture shovels and ëimilar goods. John George is the president of this company, and F. )[iehle i::; the managcl'. High hopes are held that this firm may prove a success and the village derive benefit from the assistance rendered. . The first school building of the village stood on the site of the present High School. A Miss Agnes Lawrence \Va:::; the first teacher. Her father, Alexander Lawrence, was the next who endeavored to lead the youth of the village in the paths of learning. The school build- ings and furnishings at first were none too elaborate. These condi- tions improved, however, as the years rolled by. In 1815 a good brick school-house was erected, and in 18 0 a further adn1nce was made when the present handsome school premises became the home of the village Public School. The High School was opened in the fall of 1889. For the first fifteen years J. T. Lillie, B.A., fined the position of headmaster, and did so in a manner that brought credit Loth to the school and to himself. On his resigning, )Ir. J. Camp- bell Clark was appointed his succe sor. In addition to the schools belonging to the regular educational system of the province, there existed an ...\cademy, connected with the United Brethren Church, during the years 1880, 1881 and 1882, the principals of which we"!'e thp Rev. A. B. Sherk and n. B. Bherk. Public religious services were in the very early day::: held in a building erected for the common use of an denominations. The Presbytel'iall were the first to he organized into a congregation. The following extract from the \..nnual Report for 1894 of this congrega- tion is so complete that it is worthy of permanent prcservation, and a large e\.Ìract therdrom is here gi wn: c. '\'hile } pt thc settlers were few in numher anJ were separated from olle another by the primitive forest, thp Preshytery of London, realizing that many of them Le]onged to Preshyterian famiIÜ' , ent in onc and another of their mini,ters to let the people f('pl that t]H' church had not lost sight of them, ana was interested in their wp]fare. \ mon the fif':3t to come (in 1854) wa'4 the Hev. John Scott, tlwn of t. Andrew's, Lon- don (a ftNwards Hev. Dr. Scott, of S orth Bruce), who, having come e rJy in his minish'rial life to preach and di!'p(>nse ordinance!', and by the way to gather together the scattered few and lay the founda- tion') of Presbyterianism in the district, spent the last ten years of his ministry among some of the ver.v pf'ople for whom h(' had many years hefore aone something to supply with the mean of grace, and 506 PRESBYTERIANS keep them in eOllnection with the church of their fathers. The reverend doctor tells how that in the early fifties he more than once or twice, by appointment of I)resbytery, visited this northern country and preached at Southampton, Port Elgin, Dunblane, Paisley and North Bruce. One of the first services held within the bounds of what afterwards became the Port Elgin congregation was conducted by' him in the house of l\lr. John Smith, on the 6th concession of Saugeen. In those days so dense was the bush that the minister failed to find l\Ir. Peter bmith's, although it was only about a mile and a half from his brother's at the riverside on what is now the :McGillivray farm. The Rev. 'L Ball, then of 'Y oodstock, visited the district in 1854, and dispensed ordinances at various places. The first ordained minister was the Hev. James H. :McNaughton, who was settled over the congregation of Southampton from 1855 to 1859, and who had a number of preaching stations, Port Elgin among the rest, which were supplied more or less regularly by him for several years, without their being united to form a pastoral charge. _\..bout the time of )Ir. McN aughton's resignation l\ir. Alexander Fraser was appointed as missionary at Port Elgin, where he labored with so much acceptance that he was called as pastor, and ordained and inducted on the ?nd of October, 1861. In July, 186'!. we find a communion roll of 53 members; but as eleven of these had been added since Mr. Fraser's settlement, the membership at that time must have been about 42. The first church, which was built in 1860, was soon found to be so inconveniently situated (the village having grown in a different direction from that which was originally expected) that it was never fully completed; and in 1870, although tne membership was not by any means large or wealthy, yet, animated with commendable zeal, and realizing that a conveni- ently situated church was necessary to the advancement, if not of the very existence, of Presbyterianism here, the erection of the present church building was determined upon and a substantial and comfort- able brick church with basement was erected. Early in 1871 the basement was opened for worship. The church had not been erected much more than a year, when the Rev. :Mr. Fraser, who had faith- fully and amid not a few hardships ministered to the people for about eleven years. tendered his resigna60n, which was accepted early in 1872. After a vacancy of about eighteen months, during which a union had been ronsummated with Dunblane, the Rev. D. C. 1:cKay, M.A., was called and settled as pastor of the united charge. Scarcely had he entered upon his ministry when he was stricken down, and OTHER CHURCHES 50ï died on eptember lst, 1813, after a short pastorate of only five weeks. Eighteen months again elapsed before the settlement of the Uev. James Gourlay, M.A., was effected. Iean"hile the dlUrch building had been completed and finished at a cost of about $4,OOU, besides a further expenùiture for the bell. and was opened 011 Septem- ber 27th, 1874, by Hev. A. Topp, D.D., of Knox Church, Toronto." This building was enlarged in 18 at a cost of $1,300, and extensively renovated in 1901. The pa torate of the Hev. JIr. GourIa . which extended over twenty years, was terminated by his resignation in July, 18 15. The Hev. \. H. Drumm wa the next to minister to the spiritual needs of the congregation. He was followed by the Hev. A. :Mahaffy, who was inducted in .T anuary, 1900, to this charge, which he continues to minister to. rrhe congregation held jubilee services on July 9th, H105. Other denominations were not long in following the example set by the Pr:esþyterians, and proceeded to organize as congregations, the United Brethren being the next to do ::;0. In Ib66 there werf' five churches in the village, thp three others not above mentioned being the \J ethodist, the :Ì\fennonites and the Church of the .x ew Jerusalem. In a few years the congregation last mentioned cf'ased to be, but the numher of denominations in the place remaincd the same, as the Baptists formed tllPmselves into a congregation. Sub::,equent1y, some time in the seventie , congregations bel.onging to the Church of Eng- land and the German Evangelical Church were formed. The above- mentioned number of religious denominations in this locality has of late years been incrcased by a congregation of Latter Day Saints (:Mormons), whose church is just beyond the southC'rly boundary of the village. The attractions that Port Elgin offers as a ::,ummer re ort arC' yearly becoming more and more appreciated. The splendid beach, the bracing breezes that blow from off IJakp Huron. aml thp mineral spring and baths are attracting each scason an incrcased number of visitors. The efforts put forth by the people of Port Elgin to hold annual gatherings of the pioneers of the county are worthy of the fullest commennation. The first of thesf' wa l}pld .Tuly, 1899, and is referred to in rhaptf'r YIlT. Hinc.p thrn these gathprings 11<1YC hrcn hpld annually, and are one of the evC'nLs of thp sumnlC'r at Port Elgin. .\t thp time' of writing thf' \ illagp is rO l' Spa, as not hC'forp for yra1" . with n f::rns(' of its po ihilitirc:. That it may ha,e tJw coura!!r to prC'bs on ann attain i ('(.rtainly thp dp:..:ir" of its wpll-wishers. CHAPTEH XXXYJII. TOWN OF SOUTIIAJIPTON.l FOR a number of years in its early days the village was known by the names of augeen or Bouthampton, one as commonly used as the other. The former was that used by the . Post-office and Custom House Departments, as well as by the public generally, while as Southampton it was known by the Crown Lands Department, besides being the name of the village mentioned in the special Act passed for its in orporation. I t took many ypars 2 before unanimity was reached as to the name to be used when speaking of the vi11age. The idea of laying out a town plot at the mouth of the Saugeen River was early thought of by the heads of the Crown Lands Depart- ment. Even before a plan for the division of the county into town- ships had been settled upon the dC'cision to have such a survey made was arrived at. This is indicated by a letter on record among the correspondence of the Department, dated Odober 1st, 1847, addressed to R. Lynn, P.L.S., directing him to SUl'wy a town plot at the mouth of the Saugeen River. \Yhy l1e diet not immediately proceed to carry out the e instructions the author cannot say. Four years passed, and it was the summer of 1851 before he made the survey. The first settlement made at Southampton was in 1848 by Capt. John Spence and \Yil1iam Kennell.v, the particulars of which are to be found in Chapter 111. 3 These two pioneers were before long joined by James Orr and George Butchart. At first they were all tAt thp time the name Southampton was ù stow('(l upon the prospective town it flid not seem appropriate, as it was then the most northern lake port in the province. Possibly the name was bestowed in tllf' hopes that in its dpvelopment th{' town might rival in importance its famous English namesake. 2It wa,> 18R9 or 1890 before the name of the post-office was changed from Saugeell to Southampton, and 1895 when, as a port of entry, Saugepn was changed to Routhaml'ton. 31n addition to the biographical incidents relating to Captain .Tohn Spence given in Chapter HI., it might be stated that he was a skilful, brave seaman, traits of character he markedly exhihited in the rescue of the crew of a large American vesHel from a water"r grave under most dangerous circumstan('es. The ,\merican Government recognized this heroic act hy presenting ('apt. Spence with a yery fine gold watch. 508 THE PlOXEERS 509 engaged in carrying on a fishing bu:;ine:;:;, Spence azul Kennedy having purchased of the .Niagara .Fishing Company its plant and rights at the Fishing Islands. This did not prO\e a succes:,ful venture, and in a few years was dropped. Capt. pence took to sailing, Leing in com- mand of a vessel called the êea Gull. Wm. Kennedy left to engage in a search for 8ir John Franklin, J anU'5 Urr opened a tavern in the village, and George Butchart took up land and btarteJ a saw- min at Port Elgin, as related in the next preceding chapter. _\.mong the earliest settlers who came in after the above-mentioned \\ere .\.It."X. IcDonald, John \IcLpan. .J 1I . Gilbert, Pct{'r Brown, J olm Cooke, Jas. Lambert, Thos. Lel', Hobert Heid, Hichard Hill and .Taml.;O: Calder. The last three mentioned were storekeeper:;. In August, It'51, Crown Land Agent Alc..\.aIHler 1l'X ahh z nnc1 his son. .r ohn L :\1 eN abb, arrived at outhampton. His sta ' that Yf'ar lasted until the beginning of December. 1 n )[ay of the following year he brought his family to the village to takp up their permanent residence there. Among other::; that settled in the village in those early days, at a slightly subsequent date, might be mentionpd John e. Coulson, .Tohn ReIcher, John Peck, J. )1. Kelly and ..T ohn Ewing. The winter of 1851-5 opened with sad forebodings for the hand- ful of settlers at outhampton-some ilozen or more families-who depended for their supply of the absolute ll( ceb::,aries of life upon what was brought from time to time to the village by sailing vessels from Goderich. \s the winter drew on, the snpplif's were found to be running low. The settlement was relying upon Capt. Alp"'{. 1IcDon- aId, in command of the SU'liCY Jack, to bring- in, before navigation closed, what flour and other provisions would hf' required. Fnfor- tunately he dc1ayecl his time of sailing too long. Hi vC:-:f'el \Va::; caught in a gale, and it. with aU on board. peri:.:hed. It was a hlaek outlook for the settlers, some of whom made thpir way to th(' older cttle- ments, there to rCllIat deal of whiskey used to be Rmllggled in at this point from the lTnited States, and tales are told of the devices to get the officer out of the way while the goods were being landed. 1 Thomas Lee settlprl in outhampton in the spring of 1851. In partnership with his father-in-law, Thomas ( o(1frey. he huilt the first bridge oyer the Raugeen River, on the line of the Elora Road. The hridge W.1S kno\\n as Burgess' bridge and crossed the rÏ\'er in the vicinity of what is now known as McCalder's bridge. Besides holding the offipe of postmaster he waR engagc(l for Rome :,'earR a!; a for- warder, commission merchant and insurance agent. For many :,'earR he was one of the wardens in th(' Church of England congregation, and was the village treasurer for twenty-!;ix years. His death touk place February 20th, 1901. INCORPORATED 511 An agency of the Bank of "Lpper Canada was estab1i:::hed at outhalllpton as early as 1 5-!, \lexander McNabb being the agent. The large payments madc on account of land purchases douhtless accounted for the presence of a chartered bank in what at that time was only a small backwoods \illage. Un the failure of the Bank of Upper Canada, the ('ommercial Bank of Canada opened an agency in ::;outhampton, of which L\.lex. Proudfoot wa:-- agent. Hi::; successor was Ale).. proat. 111 r. Sproat was also county treasurer, and when it became necessary for him to n'move to Walkerton when it became the county to" n, he succeeded in taking the agency" ith him. From that time (June, 18(7) until the Bank of Hamilton in 18 )8 opened an agency in outhampton. the village was without a chartered bank. ...\.t the time the provisional County Council commenced to thresh out the county town question (this was in 1857), thp village of South- ampton considered itself as possibly the premier village of the county hecanse of having resident there the Crown Lands Office and a hank 0\ er and above aU that Kincardine, its strongest rhTal, could boast of, except, possibly, in the matter of population, in which Kincardine slightly excelled. Into the fight for the county town Southampton, therefore, entered. with :::trong hopes of capturing the coveted prizp. In addition it had assurances made by gO\l'rnrnent officers that it was certain to be the county town. To strengthen its claims for the coveted honor, incorporation was sought. \s thc required population did not rl'side within the proposed limits of the village, this could not be obtained in the manner laid down by statut p , so Parliament "as asked to pa s an Act of incorporation,! which" as done, July 24th, ] R58. The record of the county town contest is given in Chapter Y1. There is rclated how that on two occasions an effort was made to make Southampton the county town of the north half of a divided county. Both of these att('mpts eame to naught, as wen as those to make it the cOlInty town of the county as a whole. The election of t}w first Village Council occurred shortly after incorporation, in the SlImmer of ] R5R. ] n a 100tnot('2 the namf':'; arc 12 Vie. Chap. 42. 2Reeves of the village of Southampton: .James Calder, part of 1858; Thom8 Webster, part of 1859; J. T. Conaway, part of 18,ï9, '(ìO, '6 , '63, '71, '72, '78, '79 ; John Eastwood, 1861; Thomas .\.dair, 181ì4 to IS(ìS, 1873 to 1877; Alex. Sinclair, 1869, '70; W. S. Scott, M.D., 1880 to lSS , I Sg to 1892; neor e E. Smith, 1 84 to 1887, '93; A, E. H('lcher, 1ðH4, '95, part of '96, '98; C. M. Bowman, part of 11'%, '97; \ViHiam McGregor, 18!)9 to 1902, '04; N. R. Zinkan, HJ03. List (If nm) orfl of the to" n of Routhaml'ton: A. E. Belcher, 190!), '06. 512 l\IA YOR BELCHER given of all those who held the honorable position of reeve during the years the municipality ranked as a village. In 1904 the necessary steps were taken to have Southampton raised to the status of a town. A census revealed a population of over 2,400 (but this was at the height of the season of summer yisitors), so after the required notice had been given, the Lieutenant-Governor issued a proclamation that Southampton be erected into a town, which proclamation came into effect on Monday, December 26th, 1904. At the election that followed in 1905, A. E. Belcher 1 was elected the first mayor of the to" n. an honor conferred upon him again in 1906. A month after the village was incorporated action was taken to 113 \'e a town hall. A lot on the west side of -\..lbert Street was secureù, on which a building was erected which was used in a twofold capacity, the ground floor being fitted up for school purposes, and the second story as the town hall. This building still exists. and is known as the }làsonic Hall. The building now llscd as 11 town hall was built in 1862, by private ub criptions, as a drill ll('d for the Rifle Compan ' organized in the previous year. 'Yhen the headquarters of this com- pany were removed to Port Elgin the village acquired the building for the purpose of being used as a town hall. It was opened as such by a concert and ball, December 27th, ] 873. In 1855 that part of the town plot lying north of the river was surveyed into village lots. The trouble that arose with the Indians about this survey is referred to in Chapter I. The author has in his possesion a map of the village of Southamp- ton, dated Tuly 30th, 1857, which outlines the village as it was at that date. There are over 130 houses marked in this plan. At that time the business portion of the village seems to have been north of High 1Lieut.-CoJ. Alexander Emerson Belcher vms born January 30th, 11'S4-1, at Toronto. and came, with his parents, to Southampton in 1852, where he received his education at the public school. Possessiuj.{ a liking for militar.,' matters, he, when only fifteen vears of age, raised a compan ' of boys. which he drilled. At the time of the Trent affair he joined the Southamp- ton Rifle Company. In] 66 he went with it to Goderich, at the time of the Fenian Raid. In 1868 he attended the l\Iilitan' School and obtained a :first-class certificate. In 1893 he was made Hon'orarv Lieut-Colonel of Militia. From 1872 to 1R 8 he was f'ngage(l aR a commercial traveller for wholesale houses doing business at Toronto. In 1801 he }'eturned to Southampton, where he has resided sin('e. He has taken an active part in politics, working in the interests of the Conservative party. Being likewise active in the Orange Societ v, he has held office in the four Grand Lodges of the Order. He was first elected to the village council when onl ' twenty-one :rears of age, and lms bef'n ree,'e of the village during three years, and was elected its :first mayor. Enthusiastic in regard to the histor." of the county, he has been presid("nt of tllf' Historical Society from the beginning. He is also a vice-president of the Bruce Pioneer Society. THO)IAS ADAIR .513 street, on Huron and Grosvenor treets. On the east side of Huron :street, commencing close to the river, was the Cronn Lands Office. A little south of this \\as the Bank of Upper Canada, and still farther !'outh was the office of the Crown timber agent. In all, there are six shops shown on the plan, Ì\' 0 hotels and five warehouses. These last \\ere located near the mouth of the river. Of manufacturing estab- lishments there is shown to be a planing mill (located on the beach !lear where the mineral water spring is now), a steam sawmill (on the riyer's edge, cast of where the creek from the I.Jittle Lake enters it), and a saw and grist mill at the Indian Rapids. K 0 wharf or pier is :-:hOWll on this plan; out the author has been informed that the owner's of the warehouses had each a landing wharf constructed at the owner's expense and known by his name, as Reid's 'Vharf, Calder's 1Vharf, Belcher's ',"harf, etc. A little later than this, in 1858, the government lmilt a breakwater north of the river, and at a later date constructed piers on each side of the river. The government report made in lS!JB-!J9 shows that the total amounts F:pent on these works at the mouth of the river amounted to $32,757. Since then there has been a \"ery large e-ypenditure for dredging and deepening the channel. In the sixties a pier was huilt that extended out into the lake from the heach. at a point a little south of the present pumping station, the r('mains of which. though under water, are still to be traced. This pier bore the name of the Bogus Dock. 'Vhen speaking of the harhor at Southampton the e-xtcnsive works at Chantr.,' hlanc1 are first thought of. In the winter of 1810-71 the contracts for these were let, being for a pier that was to extend from the island towards the shore, and for one from the shore outward , an opening, forming the entrance to this harbor of rf'fuge hping left hdween thf'sP two piers. '1'hp contract for the first 500 feet from the i lanc1 was let to a contractor of the name of Brown: the ne-xt 2,200 feet was let to a yndicatc composed of Robert Raird, TIol)('rt Reid, Rohert 'Valker and Thomas .Adair. .Andrew Lind a ' had the contract for the pier extending from the shore. A lar e part of this contract he sun-If't to Thomas Adair. 1 The total amount spent on this harbor 1Thmml!'l .\(lair, of "horn th(' author wi hps to rpfer \\ith tll(' kin<1pst nH'morif's nnd ns 011(' who wns pnthu iastic in obtaining mat('rial for thi!'l IJistorv, was horn D('('pm1)f'r 24th. 182lì, a short distm1(,p north of Glasgow. S<'otlnnd. He>," ith his fnthf'r nnd nIP rpst of the famil.v, in Augnst, 18-14, pmig-ratpd to r:madn, :lnd settled in the townRhip of Dllnmwr, rount ' of pf'terhoro '. "ftpr spvernl :,'pnrs of hard work, Rome of the time in thp lumber shnntiC's. II(' managf'd to Sf'('urp n littlp rf' lIl.v money. Having })('nnl glo"ing H'<'Ollnts of the Qupen's TIm-h. 111'. in th(' spring 18 514 THE LIGHTHOUðE of refuge by the government closely approximates the large sum of $300,000. Owing to the difficulty of entering under certain conditions of wind and weather, it is not of the service that was anticipated. The lighthouse at Chantry Island, a circular stone structure, that exhibits its light at a height 94 feet above high water mark, has been sending out its warning and guiùing rays over a radius of fifteen miles, since 1859, to the mariners sailing on Lake Huron. Duncan :McG. Lambert was the first lighthouse-keeper. On his death the post was given to his son, ,r. l\IcG. Lambert. On several occasions members of this family have heroically rescued shipwrecked mariners whose vessels have been lost on the shoals surrounding Chantry Island. On September 19th, 1819, in one of these gallant efforts, one of the sons, TIoss Lamhert, and another of the crew lost their lives through the cap izing of the hoat in vìl1Ích they had gone to an attempted rescue. The Goyernment ::\Ieteorological Department is closely assoeiated with the navigation of our Great Lakes, and it will be in place lwre to mention that one of the large observatories of this department has been stationed at Southampton since 18ì1. :Mrs. and :l\Iiss stewart, in charge, telegraph thrice daily their reports to the department at Toronto. The early settlers were not long before they had a school started in the village; 185'2 was the year when it was opened, it being the second of 1849, came to see what the free grants were like. In Chapters III. and XXI. an account is given of his entry and settlement in the township of Brant. He sold his farm there in 1853 and took up land in the township of Saugeen, pear Dunblane. After three years' work on his two lots he sold them and bought lot 34, concession 15, in the township of Brant. This he traded for one in Arran. In 1857 he came to Southampton and worked for James Calder, merchant. In 1861 he built a storehouse, and for the next twelve years was engaged in buying grain. From 1871 to 1877 he was engaged on large contracts on the Southampton Harbor piers, along with Andrew Lindsay and others. These contracts proved remunerative, yielding a handsome profit. He left Southampton in 1880, and after a residence of a year at J.Jondon he moved to Toronto, where he resided until his death, which occurred on Christmas Day, 1901. For ten years l\Ir. Adair filled the reeve's chair in the village council. He took a very active part in the railwa v bonus campaign of 1869. He was one of the volunteers who went to the front in 1866, and was in charge of the teamsters that accompaniec1 the Red River expedition, in 1870, as related in Chapter X. ::\1r. Adair's gifts as a singer were well known throughout the county, and he was often called upon to sing at concertI'! and church socials. In religion he was a Presbyterian and helped in the organization of the U. P. Chm.ch of Brant. He was twice married-his first wife was a Miss Inglis. of Brant. To them were born ten children. His second wife was :Miss Margaret Graham, who survived him. Of thil'! union three children were born. In politics :Mr. Adair was an enthusiastic Liberal. His remains were brought to Southampton for interment. THE SCHOOL 515 or third in the county. The :first teacher 1 was Nathaniel Squires. He was succeeded by :Miss Gooding, of Goderich, and she by James D. )Ic Vittie. The chool at first met in the log building erected as a Presbyterian Church, which stood in the south-west corner of High and Albert treets. It was afterwards held in the New Conne\.Ïon )Iethoc1ist Church, and after that in what is now the )Iasonic Hall. The present school building was erected in 1880 at a cost of over $5,000. The first medical man in Southampton was Dr. A. \Yalker; then C2.me Dr. II. Haynes, but he in a short time mo, eel to the to\\ nship of Bruce, and was its reeve for part of 1856. The next who ministered to the ailments of the community was Dr. \\T. . :::'cott,2 who came in 1855, and made outhampton his home during the rest of his life. The history of the church life of Southampton is not without interest. Owing to the fact of there being a mission at the Indian reserve, as mentioned in Chapter III., the ?\Icthodist::; were on the ground from the vcry first, anl ]< urniture Company, thc R ::\1. Knechtel Chair Company, and thc S. Knechtel 'Y ooù Turnin Com- pany, some of which firms have been in operation in tIll' town since 1895, rrhe loss by fire mentioned in thf' laF:t paragraph wa:- not the first time the village suffcred scriously in that m:1llner. Early in the morning of No,'emher 4th. lRRG, a fin' hrokC' out whil'h proved to be the most disastrous the yil1a f' rVPT P\ Iwrif'IH'C'(l. It tartea in the 145 Vir. Chnp. 4 . .520 WHAT !{EPT THE VILLAGE BACK house of J. :1\1. Kelly. The wind being high, it soon spread to the Busby House on the corner of Grosvenor and nigh Streets. From there it extended eastward, and this so rapidly that in four hours everything for two blocks along High Street was burnt to the ground. Oyer fifty buildings were consumed, and over thirty families rendered homeless. The loss was estimated at over $60,000, with but a small amount of insurance. Subscriptions for the relief of the sufferers were taken up that amounted to oyer $8,000, both municipalitil';::; and private individuals subscribing liberally. The County Council also remitted the county rates payable by the village that year. There is no doubt that many people were disappointed in the growth and deyelopment of Southampton. {any settled there, expect- ing that in a short time it woul become quite a good-sized town. 'Vhy the place was held h;lCk has ueen attributed to the following reasons: First, the village lots are too large for close settlement, so the people at first were too scattered. Then the lots were largely bought up by speculators, who held them for high prices. Such as these manifested no willingness to put forth effort for the common weal, but each for self, waiting for others to improve their property, that they thereby might receiye indirect profit. People came to the village expecting" to settle there, but were frozen out hy ridiculous prices asked for property. Another reason was that until 1866 the village had hardly any hack country to build it np by its trade. A glance at the map shows Southampton to be at the apex of a triangle. These reasons, in part, also account for the dC'yelopment of Port Elgin. The lot:;; therü were only one-fifth of an acrC' in p\:tcnt, and purchasers had to ettle on them. Then the older settlers at Port Elgin came largely from one district, and there e\:isted a coml11unit . of interest among them. Then the township of Brnce and a great part of Saugeen geographi- cally were tributary to Port Elgin rather than to S.outhampton. N evcrtheless there was no necessity for the second village, and there would not have been one if the result of speculative greed could hm-e been clearly foreseen. That Southampton might have some back country which could be depended upon to do its trading there, the people of the village, some time in the early sixties, petitioned thp governme t to erect a bridge over the Saugeen Riyer, that thereby the settlers in the township of Amabel and the north part of Arran might be enabled to reach South- ampton. The petition was acquiesced in, and a grant of $4,000 was made. "Tith this grant the bridge known as Denny's bridge was built ßH.IDGES 521 ill 1865. The outhampton tradesp<:ople, however, learned in time that Amabel people crossing at Denny's bridge founJ the distance to Port Elgin so very little morc than Southampton that they were often tempted to go there. 'l'his started the agitation to have a bridge buÍlr nearer the mouth of the river. At last, in 1889, the present bridge \\ a:, built, the county contributing $2,00(1 towards its erection. This bridge, some 430 feet long, is the longest in the county. Southampton seemed to take on a new lease of life about ten) ears ago, and this with a vigor that has been maintained. Xew blood was circulating, fresh ideas werc received in an optimistic spirit, trade Ìm;reased, hallù!'ome residenccs were erccted, granolithic sidewalks laid, an expensive system of \\ aterworks established, a park secured, and the village became a town. This is gratifying to record, but the 1ll0st satisfactory point is the hopeful feeling p05se sed by the towns- people. This became very apparent in August, 190(1, when, although the debpnture debt of the town was known to be $59.729. four by-laws were pa sed by an almost unanimou:, ,-ote. granting substantial aid toward the e tablishing or <,ularging of manufacturing industries. It i:::: this spirit which has enahl<'d the town to assume as its motto, "Progressive outhampton." In hringing this VOIUllW to a dose thc author does so with n realization that one topic connt'd('] with the County of Bruce has not re("pive(l the notice it desen"es. \.. chapter should ha-çe becn devoted to Lakc Huron. its navigator!=:, if!=: fh:herip!=: ancl. fishermen. Thc story of dire ùi!'a!=:ters and shipwreek. of hrl"Oic effort!=: to rrscue pndangered JiY{' . a!' wp11 a the talc!=: anc1legC'nd!=: eonned('d with th(' ll\k(', dø::erve to be recorded. The author does not feel capable of doing justice to thc subjc(.t, having for thc laRt tWe'nt.'" year:; rcsidcd at ""alkerton, all inlanc1 town. If(' i eon::;:c-iol1!' of Imving lo!=:t touch with tho.;;p whO:'e' daily life i on thp hoc;;om of T...akc IIuron. not to mpntion missin the im:piration rpc('i,.('ò from gazing on the' broad e'"'\prnse of its waters an(l c1nil.'" drinking- in a sense of its grandcur antI heaut.". That these' Jn t-nlPntionrd fpahll"l':-I Illig-ht not he a1tog-cthe'r 0\'rrlookrf1 in this yolumc. the author woulr1 hring his lahors to a cloc;;p hy quoting some bf'autifnl lines written hy the late Thomas MrQucen, anò pl1h1isheò half a C('nh1r T ago in The lTllroll Si'lnal: 522 OUR OWN BROAD LAKE . OUR O\VN BROAD LAKE. We cannot boast of high, green hills, Of proud, bold cliffs where eagles gather, Of moorland glen and mountain rills, That echo to the red-bell'd heather. \Ve cannot boast of mouldering towers, Where ivy clasps the hoary turret; Of chivalry in ladies' bowers, Of warlike fame and knight who WOn it,- But had we :Minstrel's Harp to wake, \Ve well might boast our own broad lake. And we have streams that run as clear, O'er shelvy rocks and pebbles rushing; And meads as green, and nJmphs as dear, In rosy beauty sweetly blushing. And we have trees as taU as towers, And older than the feudal mansion; And banks besprent with gorgeous flowers, And glens and woods with :fire-flies glancil1g,- But prouder, loftier boast we make, The beauties of our own broad lake. The lochs and lakes of other lands, Lilre gems, may grace a landscape painting, Or where the lordly castle stands, May lend a charm where charms are wanting. But ours is deep, and broad, and wide, With steamships thro' its waves careering, And far upon its ample tide The bark its devious course is steering; Whilst hoarse and loud the billows break On islands on our own broad lake! Immense, bright lake! I trace in thee An emblem of the mighty ocean, And in thy restless waves I see Nature's eternal law of motion; And fancy sees the Huron Chief Of the dim past kneel to implore thee- \Vith Indian awe he seeks relief, In pouring homage out before thee; \.nd I, too, feel my reyerenee wake, As gazing on our own hroall lake! OCR OWN BROAD LAKE 523 I cannot feel as I have felt, When life with hope and fire was teeming, Xor kneel as I have often knelt, At beauty's shrine, devoutly dreaming. Some younger hand must strike the strings To tell of Huron's awful grandeur, Her smooth and moonlight slumberings, Her tempest voice loud as thunder; Some loftier lyre than mine must wake, To sing our own broad gleaming lake! AI)PENDICES. APPENDIX A. I'\DL\X TREATY RELATIXG TO THE bCRREXDER OF THE S..::\ "['"GEE::\" PE IXSULA. 'Ye, the ('hids, achems and Prineipal Men of the Indian Tribes resident at augl.'en, Owen Hound, confiding in the wisdom and protecting care of our Great :\lother across the Big Lake, and believing that our Good Father, IIis Excellenc . the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, Governor-General of Canada, is anxiousl)" desirous to (lI'Ul1lotl' tllOSC interests which "ill most largply conduce to the welfare of His red children, have now, being in full Council assembled, in presence of the Superintendent General of Jndian AfJ'airs, and of the young men of both tribes, agreed that it will be highly desirable for us to make a full and complete surrcnùer unto the ('rown of that Peninsula known as till' Haugeen and Owen Sound Jndian Resern', subject to certain restrictions anù reservations tu be hf'reinafter Sl't fortl1. \Ve l1ave therefore spt our marks to this document, after having hNlrd the same read to us, and do hereùy surrender the whole of the above named tract of country, bounded on the south h.\' a straight ]ine drawn from the Indian village of Saugeen to the Indian village of Xawash, in cuntinuation of thl' nortlH'rn limits of the narrow strip recently surrendered by us to the Crown;J and bounded on the nurth-east and "est by Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, with the following reservatiuns, to "it: 1st. Por the benefit of the ::5augeen Indians we reSl'rve all that ùJock of land huunded on the Wl'st by a straight line running ùue north from the HivC'l" :--;augpen, at the spot wh('re it is entl'retl by a ravine, immediately to the \\"l'st of the village, and over whil'h a hridgl' has rpl'entlv bpen constructed, to the shore of Lake Huron; on tht' Huuth ùy the aforesaid nurthPl"n ]imit of tIll' lateJy surrl'ndered strip; on thp cast h " a Hne drawn from a spot upon the eoast at a dist:Ull.'e of about (Bl;!) nint' milt.s aud a half from t he western boundary afuresaid. :lIId rllll}) i IIg }laraH('1 t hp1"eto until it tuuc hes tlH' aforemen tíoned northern lim i t8 of the rl'('('Jlt I.'" snl"l"pnùercd strip; alld "I.' wish it to be ('I early uJlrlprstood that wp \\ ish th(' Pt.'ninsula at the mouth of the augeen River to thl' w('st of thl' \\l'stern boundar) aforesaid to he laid out in towllp:)J"I lots and sold for on1" lwnefit "ithout dt'lay; and we alsu wish it to bl' ulltl('rstoUll that IIlIr SIllTl'l\clf'r índu,ll's I Kllown a... lhl''' Half :\Iilc :'trip_ 5 5 526 APPENDIX A that parcel of land which is in continuation of the strip recently surrendered to the Saugeen River. We do also reserve to ourselves that tract of land called Chief's Point, bounded on the east by a line drawn from a spot half a mile up the Sable River, and continued in a northerly direction to the bay, and upon all other sides by the lake. 2nd. We reserve for the benefit of the Owen Sound Indians all that tract bounded on the south by the northern limit of the continuation of the strip recently surrendered; on the north-west by a line drawn from the north-easterly angle of the aforesaid strip (as it was surrendered. in 1851, in a north-easterly direction); on the south-east by the sound e:dending to the southern limit of the Caughnawaga Settlement; on the north by a line two miles in length and forming the said southern limit. And we also reserve to ourselves all that tract of land called Cape Crocker, bounded on three sides by Georgian Bay, on the south-west side by a line drawn from the bottom of N ochemowenaing Bay to the mouth of Sucker River, and we include in the aforesaid surrender the parcel of land contained in the conti uation to Owen's Sound of the recently surrendered strip aforesaid. 3rd. 'Ve do reserve for the benefit of the Colpoy's Bay Indians, in the presence and with the concurrence of John Beattie, who represents the tribe at this Council, a block of land containing 6,000 acres, and including their village. and bounded on the north by Colpoy's Bay. All which reserves we hereby retain to ourselves and our children in perpetuity, and it is agreed that the interest of the principal sum arising out of the sale of our lands be regularly paid to them so long as there :are Indians left to represent our tribe without diminution at half-J"early 11eriods. \nd we hereby request the sanction of our Great Father the Governor- General to thi surrender, which we consider highly conducive to our general in terests. Done in Council, at Saugeen, this thirteenth day of October, 1854. It is Ul1l1erstood that no islands are included in this surrender. Signed and sealed: L. OLIPH.,\.XT, Supt. Genl. Indian .Affairs PETER .T ACOBS, J[ issionary. 'Vitnesses : ,JAS. Ross, lI.P.P., C. RAXKIN, P.L.S., A. :1IcN ABB, Croll.:n Land .Agent. .TOHX (totem) KADUHGEKWUN, .\LEX. (totem) IADWAYOSH, .JOHx (totem) MAKEDSWAB, .ho. THos. (totem) 'YAHBUHDICK, PETER (totem) Jmms, [)A VID 8.\. WYER, .TOHX (totem) .TOHXSTON, ,TOHN H. BEA'fv, THOMAS (totem) PABAHMOSH, .10HX (totem) rADWASHEMIND, .TOHX AUKJEG \.HBOWH, .TAl1ES KEWASH, THo rAS (totem) 'Y AHBUHDICK, CIL\RLES KEESHICK. [L.S.] [L.S.] [L.S.] [L.S.] [L.S.] [L.S. ] [L.S.] [L.S.] [L.S.] [L.S.] [L.S.] [L.S. ] [L.S.] [L.S.] APPE:SDIX B 527 APPENDIX B. copy OF A REPORT OF ""- rO::\I)IITTEE OF THE HOXORABLE THE EXECUTIVE COUXCIL, APPROVED BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL OX THE 2ïTH SEPTEMBER, 1855. On a memorandum dated I th instant, from the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, submitting certain proposed changes, as shown in two certain plans, in the shape of the Indian reserves in the tract commonly called the Saugeen Peninsula, lately surrendered to the Crown, both changes having been assented to by thp Indians in Council, and ref'ommending : 1st. That the reserve known as the Sangeen Reserve, now bounded on the west by a straight line running due north from the River Saugeen at the spot where it is entered by a ravine immediately to the west of the dHage, be bounded instead b;y the Indian }Jath called the Copway Road, whi"'1 takes a north-westerly direction, as shown by the red line in the plan. This change will give the Saugeen Indians a small increase of frontage on Lake Huron, and will not interfere with the to" n plot now laid out on the tongue of land contained hptween that lake and the Rh'er Saugeen. 2nd. That the south-western boundar;)" of the Cape Crocker Rf'serve. now formed by a linp drawn from the bottom of ochemo\H>naing Bay to the mouth of Sucker River, start instead from the south shore of Hope Bay, at a small point ahout a mile from its head, and strikp Lake Huron two miles south of Sucker River, as sho\\ n h ' the plan. This change would cut off from the Indians one mile of frontagp on Hope Bay, gÏ\ ing them in compensation two milps extra frontage on the Georgian Bay. The head of Hope Bay has bel'n re('ommended by ::\lr. Dennis, the snrveyor of the tract, as the site for a town, and the present position of the south- western boundar;)" of the resen-e would renùer it impossible to carr ' out his suggestion. The Cowmitttc recommcnd that the propose,l changes be effected. Certified. \C\[. H. LEE, (,.F.r. 528 APPE DIX C APPENDIX C. STATE:\IE T RELATIXG TO THE INDIAXS ON RESERVES IX THE COUKTY 01" BRUCE. (Taken from Goyernment Reports for the :year ending June 30th, 19uO.) Number of acres in Resen-e ........ " at ChieÏs Point.. _.. ...... .... .......... Number of acres in Hunting Resen-e in Township St. Edmunds ........ Indian Fund-Capital Acc>ount . . ,. . Iuterest on above for year .......... " distributed to Band .... Amount of pensions ..... ........ Population by creeds- :\Iethodists .... . . . . . . . . . _ _ . _ _ . _ Roman Catholics. . . . . . . . . . . Anglican .... . . . . . .. ..... .. Congregationalists ............. Cape Crol,er Band. 15,586 2,000 17,586 $ 96,6 4 55 14,632 29 9,724- 59 -t.33 'ï ,") 241 130 17 388 Saugeen Band. 9,020 1,280 I,SOO 12.100 3II,3-t.6 OH 12,002 SI) 1\780 47 : 71 00 2fí6 30 2 80 3üH Acres of land culti\Tated or in pasture 1,,")00 ] ,0211 " " fenced ..... ..... 6011 S50 Valne of implements and vehicle!!. . . . ,),OOIl 00 :33,700 00 " live stock ................ R,OOO 00 :3,300 OU real and personal property. . ';".ï,5110 no ] 14,7,")2 00 earnings.. . .. .. .... .. 13,130 00 19,51)2 Oil Xumber of chools and Teachers.. 3 Total salaries paid to School Teachers 89011 00 S87 00 Indian Agents (salary $500 each) "John Icher J. Scoffield Indian Chiefs.... .... .. .. .. . . . . . . . . \V.B. IcGregor 'rhos. Solomon .Mandowoab Chiefs' salarie . . . . .. . . . . .. . $2011 00 $1,")0 00 ecretaries' salarie!' Physicians' Frederick LamJra diere Henry Ritchie ,"):) 00 .39: 75 ,")00 00 400 00 Secretaries. . TotaL 2H,686 :J;'j07,9sn 63 21),6.");) 15 16,50,) 116 SO.! 7,') 73() 2,3:W I ,4.ïO :< H, 700 00 II ,300 00 1911,2,32 00 :34,712 00 6 $1,77:3 00 Acreage of unsolil lands in the Sallgeen Peninsula, the proceeds of which, when sold, will increase the Indian Capital Account: \.lbemarle, 714 acres ; \.mabel, 26S acres; Eastnor, 1,048 acres; Lindsay, 3,77 acres; St. Erlmunds, 4,267 acres; Bury townplot, 80, acres; Harwicke townplot, 1,111 acres; Oliphant town plot, 40 acres; Southampton, 22 acres; 'Yiarton, 2.") acres; tJangeen Fishing Islands, 8 0 acres; Cape Hunl Islands, ,,720 :leres. APPE DIX D .529 APPENDIX D. COpy OF ORDER-IX-('OrX('IL BE DLRHXM RO \D AXD FREE GR.ANTS. August Gth, 1 S-l . r ('O{' CIL:- His Excell<,)1CY the novernor-Gelleral was pleased to direct the attention of the Ex<,cutive Council to the subject of colonization settlement of the vacant lands of tlw í'rown in Upper Canada. By order of His Exc'ellency, and in conformity with the opinion of the Council ('xIH'(-ssf'd in various deliberations in the l're!'.ence of His Excellency. mill as further eonnected with the same subj('('t to a report of the Commi:-;sioner of CrowD. Lands proposing locations for colonization anel settlement. His Excellency was pleasf'd to state that proceedings had been taken in the several Dt'partments for the purpuse' of commencing operations und('r the proposed plan, and "IIis Excellency was pleased, for the purpose of giving the necessary authority for I.arrying out the purposes of' t}H' (;o\'('rnm('nt regarding colonization and settlenH'nt in the 'V<,llington Distrid, by and with advice of the Executive Council, to adupt the following order: It is onlc) cù by the noVt'rnor-General, h.v and with the advice and cons<,nt of th<, Executivc Council- That the tract of Crown Lands in the Huron, \Vellingtoll and Simcoe DistriC'ts bounded on the south by HI(' <. 'anac1a Company's lands, on the "I''!t hy Lakf' II uron, on the north by the Rimco(' District, and on the cast by t h<, townships of ::\[al" borough, Peel and l,arafraxa, be a loca]it : for 11 i:-;po:-;a I anù s<'ttl('ment on the plan adopted at tIw üwpn Hound ('ttlenH'nt. I t is further ofllered that a road be laid out to commenl'e in the unsnrve) ('11 ]ands of the Crown at a point as n(',lr the south-past curne'r 'If the township of Ie]ancthon as l'onvpnient to be carril'ù through :)Il'laní'tIlon, Artemesia, Proton and Hulland, so as to join the (;arafra,-a Ho:ul as near to the village of Sydenham as possible, and that upon the saiù Umlll being explorpd antI laid down to the \\"idth of one chain, that two tiers of lots of fifty :1crcs each be laid out on each side of the road. It is further ord('recl that a road be laid out through the said tral't of the \\idth of one chain to eomllwnce on Hurontario Strl'l't, to be caIried throngh tl1l' suuthern part of ottawas:lga :1011 through the townships of Osprl'Y, Art"Ul<,sia and GIl'lIl'lg to the Owen ou)l(l Uoall, thf'n across that road through the townships of Bf'ntinck, Brant, Grt'f'nock and KinC:lrdine to the month of the l'l'netangore Hiver, on Lal{(' Huron, anù that a double lillP of Jots, to ('ontain fifty acres eae-h, h<, laid out on ('aeh sid(' of the saill 1"0:111, anll that side lines or roads of the same width be allowed for at ('onvl'nil'nt distaIU'l':-' to ('on1)('ct th,' frollt with the roads to be laid out in th(' rl'ar of thpse lots. It is furtlwr orlle'red that a paralic-I lilH' of road 1)(' rnn on each side of tltl' said 1\'0 roads abo\"(' nanwll, of the width of one ('hain, but the said addit iOIJ:l] roads are )lot to 1,1' l'learl'll at tllp (,"'Iwn",' 01' t hI' (;úyprnmf'nt 530 APPENDIX D It is further ordered that the two main roads above mentioned be cleared of timber without eradicating the stumps of the trees any further than may, in some cases, be necessary to make the road passable, and that cheap causeways be laid over the swamps and bridges of cheap construc- tion over the streams, so as to make the said roads passable for wheel carriages. It is further ordered that settlers being subjects of the Queen, males, and not under the age of eighteen years, be assigned each a lot of fifty acres. They are to be placed on their respective lots by the agent, and are to have a free grant of the same lots on clearing on the same respec- tively to the extent of twelve acres, within four years from the first day of January next after their taking possession of the said lots. The said settlers are to be composed of persons who have the means of maintaining themselves until they can procure a maintenance by cultivating their lots. "Cpon the abandonment of any lot by a settler, the same is to be open for sale or grant to another. . The settlers receiving grants are to have the privilege of purchasing, in addition to their grants, so as to make up in the whole two hundred _ acres. :::3ettIers on parts of the tract not intersected by roads, and not included in the fifty-acre lots laid out for grant, are to have the privilege of purchasing to the extent of two hundred acres each. As it is desirable that there should be straight boundaries in the rear to the lots lying upon the road, and as by reason of deviations caused by the nature of the ground, in seeking a good line of road it may not be practicable to have the road in all cases run in a straight line. The agent should be instructed by the Commissioner of Crown Lands to locate upon lots which, by reason of the deviations aforesaid, shall contain more than fifty acres, persons who are prepared to purchase and pay for the surplus, and in case lots shall by such deviations be made to contain less than fifty acres, and parties shall not be willing to accept the lesser quan- tity in full of their grants, to locate upon such lots persons who shall be willing and prepared to purchase tJIe surplus over and above fifty acres in two or more lots. It is further ordered, that so soon as it may be practicable, townships be surveyed and established on each side of the lines of road to be laid out, and that in the meantime and in anticipation of such establishment, the agent be instructed to locate persons on the lots laid out and surveyed. It is further ordered that the names of the locatees, with the numbers or designa tiol1 of their lots, and also the names of the purchasers, be entered in a book to be kept by the agent, and also that a book in the lil{e form be kC!Jt in the office of the Commissioner of Crown Lands, to be filled up from monthly returns to be made by the agent, so that the one book may be a dupliC'ate of the other, and that alterations in locations or sales be noti.ced in each. It is f.urther ordered that the expenses of surveys, of agency, of clearing and making the aforesaid roads, be paid and charged by the Commissioner of Crown Lands in a separate account, and repaid to him by warrants issued fmm time to time in his favor. APPEXDIX. E 5 1 It is further ordered that the agent be instructed to Belect a place for his residence, at some C'ollvenient place within the Baid tract where there shall be a Bite for a town or village, and in the neighborhood of water power, and that he shall erect a dwelling-house and make a clearing of twenty acres at the expense of Government, according to such instructions as has been conveyed to him or aB shall be conveyed to him in that behalf by the Commissioner of Crown Lands.. It is further ordered that such portions of the above order as contains information for settlers and purchasers be published by the Commissioner of ('rown Lands in such newspapers as he may select. APPENDIX E. COpy OF HA D-BILLS ANNOUNCING THE OPE IXG OF THE FREE GRAXT LANDS FOR SETTLEME T. AGExry FOR THE SETTLE IEXT OF THE CROWX L_-\XD IX THE WELLI GTOX .\:KD HCROX Dlt'TRICTS. 2-1th August, 1<:;-18. The undersigned agent, appointed by . His Excellency the Gon'rDor- GenPral for the settlement of the Crown Lands in the townships of Glenelg, Bentinck, Brant, Gr('enock and Kincardine, in the county of ""aterloo, hereby gives notice to all p('rsons willing and having means of locating therein, that his office is temporarily fixed at or near " Hunter's," on the Garafra:ra Road, where he will receive the application of the settlers, ever ' day of the week between the hours of nine and fhee 0 'clock. from the I.3th day of September next. Fifty acr('s of land will be given to any settler eighteen years old and a subject of Her Majesty, who will present himself, provided with a certificate of probity and sobriety, signf'd by known and respectahle persons and having the means of providing for himself until the produC'(' of his land is sufficient to maintain him. The bear('r of that certificate shall mention to the agent (who will I..e('p a registry t}wreof) his nanH', agl', ('ondition. trad(' or profl> sion, wllf'ther he is married, ant], if so, thp name and age of his wiff>, how man ' children h(' has, tht" nanw and a (> of ('a('h of them, wh('re he is from, wheth('r he has somt'wh('r(' any propert,'" and in what township he wishes to sf'ttle. The conditions of tht" LoC'ation Tickpttl ar(': To take POsSt>ssion within a month after the date of thp tickf't, ana put in a state of ('ulth ation at least tweh'e acr('s of thf' land in t hI' course of four years; to build a house aDd to r('sidf' on the lot until the C'onrlitions of settlement arf' dul . fulfillf'd, after whiC'h accomplishment only shall the settINs have the right of ohtaining a title of property. Families comprising several !'If'ttlers entitlea to bnds, prdl'rrinJ{ to rf'sitle OIl a singl(' lot. "ill h.> f' t'mpt('i! 532 APPENDIX F from the obligation of building and of residence (except upon the lot on which they reside), provided th(' required clearing of the land is made on each lot. 'fhe non-accomplishment of these conditions will cause the immediate loss of the assigned lot of land, which will be sold or gi'Ten to another. Leave will be grant('d to thosp who shall have obtained a lot gratis to purchase three other lots on the road (150 acres), at eight shillings per acre for read;y money, so as to complete their two hundred acres in all. The land intended to be settled is of the very best description and is well timbered and watered. The roads will be opened on a breadth of G6 feet, and the land on each side will be didded in lots of 50 aaes, each to be gratuitously given. Beside the principal road, there will be others (one on each side of the principal road) marked out on the whol<, extent of the territor ', and on which free locations of 50 acres will be made. But as the Go,-ernment only intend to meet the expenses of survey on those additional roads the grantees will have to open the road in front of their location. The most direct route to reach the agency on the Garafraxa Road is by way of Guelph and Elora, in the "Tellington District. GEORGE JACKSOX, Crolcn Lands .d,aent. APPENDIX F. BY-LA \,\'. To dissoh-e the enion of Townships comprised within the COIUlt T of Brue'e, and form the same into separate )lunicipalities. 'YHEREAH all the townships within the County of Bruce, one of the Lnited Counties of Huron and Bruce, are at present formed into one Iunicipality, ha,-ing the Township of Kincardine as th<, eni()r Township; and whereas the same is found to be very injurious and inconvenient for the inhabitants of these Townships; and whereas since the same has been formed into one unicipalit.v, the population within it has greatly increased, entitling the Fnion to b<' subdivided into separate Municipalities; and whereas in terms of numerons petitions from the inhabitants, freehohlf'rs and householders of many of the said Townships. signed b:'T at least two- thirds of the same, it is set forth that there are at least one hundred names of resident freeholders on last ,vear's Collector's Roll, and in others therl' an- OYPl" fifty and less than one hunùred names of resident fl.eehoh1ers on their respective Collector's Holls for last year, and that from their position with regard to streams amI other natural obstructions, it is n'ry in('onvenient to be united to the Township of Kincardine for )Iunicipal pnrposes; and wbpreas, it is expedient by one general By-law to dissolve the present Union of Townships comprised within tlH' County of Bruc(', and form them into separate i\Iunicipalities. APPENDI F 5S;1 1. Be it tht.refore enaded hy the :\[nniC'ipal Couucil of the United Counties of Huron and Druce b ' drtuí' of the powers yested in them by the Cpper Canatla Municipal Corporation Acts, and it is hereby f'naded by the antlwrit:r of the same, that from and after the first day of .ranuary, in the :nar of our 1...01'(1 one thousand eight hundred and fift '-four, the union of Townships comprispd within the County of Bruce shaY b(' dissoh-ed, and the aftermentioned '!.'ownships shall be separated from the saiJ rnion, and shall from and after that date form separate and distinct M un i(' i pali t i{>s. . And l,e it enacted, that the Township of Hnron shall form one :Municipalit,\', and that 'VilIiam Gamhle, .:\Icrchant, shall be the returning ofti('er to holll the first eleC'tioll, thp elC'C'tioIl to he holden at the :-)chool House. Pine HiveI', Lake Shore Road. 3. \.nll he it enaC'tell, th'at thp rl'ownships of Brant and Carriek, be unitpd for municipal purposes and form one municipality, the Township of Brant to bt. the senior Township, ana that ,John Eekford he the returning officer to hold the first election, the election to be holden at Mr. Joseph \\'alker's Ta,'ern, in the Township of BI'ant. 4, And be it enacted, that the Townships of Greenock and Culross be unitptl for )[uni('ipal purposes, and form one l\Iunicipality, the Township of (;re(,lloek to he the senior Township, and that .10hn H. Ritchie be the returning oHit,t'r to hold the first election, tne el('C'tion to be holden at (:('orgt' ('1'oll1ar 's house, So. 30, Xorth Range, Durham RoatI. ,), .\nd be it enaC'ted, that the rl'o"nships of Arran and Elderslie be unit{'d for MuniC'ipal purposes, and form one :\Iunicipality, the Township of Arran to 11(' th(' senior Township, and that ArC'hibaJd Roy be the returning oftit'e1' to hold the first election, the election to be holden at thp said .\rchibald Hoy's house in thc Township of Arran, (Î. \lId be it enacted, that the Township of ::;aug('('n be a Ht'parate ::\Iunicipality, and that Alexander ::\[('XahL bc returning" ofhcer to hold the first election, the election to be holdC'n at Belcher '8 T.n ern, Village of ol1thampton, in the Township of Haug-ecn. ï. \nd bt, it enactl'd, tha.t the 'J'ownship of Bruce anel Kinlns::! remain jOilH'll to the Township of Kin('artline, WILL1.\)[ ('11.\ LK, 1rar(lt'u. Hllron and BrllN'. L'asM'd 1 st St'},t., Hì.) . D. IT. HITCH[ E, ('01111 t!J Cfu!;. 534 APPENDIX B APPENDIX G. REGARDIXG THE APPOIXT IEKT OF A LOCAL CROWN LA. D AGENT. COpy OF ORDER-IN-COUNCIL PASSED 29TH APRIL, 1851. " On the Communication of the Honorable the Commissioner of Crown Lands, dated 28th April instant, respecting the appointment of a local Agent for the sale of Crown and School lands in the County of Bruce, who should reside in the Town of Southampton, and which communication is as follows, namely: 'The Commissioner of Crown Lands respectfully suggests to His Excel1enc y the Governor-General in Council, the necessity of a})}Jointing a local Agent for the sale of Crown and School lands in the County of Bruce, to reside at the Town of Southampton, at the mouth of the River Saugeen. '.ro this part of the Province public attention has been very generally directed as affording a large field for the settlement of the emigrants and for the rising families of the farmers living in the more populous parts of the Province, and hundreds of persons have gone and settled themselves even before the surveyors have been able to divide the lands into farm lots. :Much difficulty is expected to arise unless these lands are offered for sale and settlement at an early day. It would therefore be very desirable at onCe to appoint a resident agent there, whose duties would be to sell the Crown and School lands in that County, to superintend the making of the two roads already ordered to be opened, and to issue timber licenses on the north shore of Lake Huron and Superior. The undersigned would suggest that :Mr. Alex. McNabb be appointed to such agency. Mr. McNabb at present holds the position of Head Book Keeper in the Department of Crown Lands, and is a very efficient officer.' " The Committee respectfully advise that the proposed agency be estah- lished and that should SUCli be your Excellency's pleasure, Mr. Mc abb be the Agent, on the conditions specified, and the Committee further advise that the several suggestions of the Commissioner be approved and acted on." " WILLIA.!\I H. LEE." APPENDIX H. ("ROWN LA DS DEPARTl\IENT. Toronto, June 27th, 1831. X otice is hereby given, that certain Lands (appropriated for School purposes under the Statute 12 Vic. Chap. 200) in the Townships of Brant and Kincardine, and in the Villages of Penetangore and Southampton, in the County of Bruce, will be open for sale, upon application to Alexander IcNabb, Esquire, on and after the fifth August next. APPEXDIX J 535 Lists of lots and information as to the terms and conditions of Sale can be obtained at the Office of the Commi&sioner of Crown Lands. The Globe, the Guelph Advertiser and the Huron Signal will insert the above once a week until the day of Sale. Appearing in Can. Gazette, July 19th, 1851, and immediate subsequent issues. APPENDIX I. IXDIAX DEP ART).IEXT. Quebec, July 3rd, 1."Ì.) . Public notice is hereby given, that the strip of land situate Korth of the Townships of Arran and Derby, in the Counties of Grey and Bruce, and extending nearly from Sydenham to Saugeen, having recently been surrendered by the Chippawa Indians of Saugeen and Owen Sound, to Her Majesty the Queen in trust, to be sold for their benefit, and having been surveyed and laid out into Farm Lots, for the purpose of settlement, is now open for sale, excepting Lots, Nos. 28, 29, 30, 31, and 32, subject to the condition of a road (now projected) being constructed through the whole length of thp tract of such width and in such direction as may be hereafter determined upon. Intending purchasers will, on application to John :McLean, Esquire, of Guelph, the authorized \gent for the Indian Department, be informed of the price per acre, and terms of payment. B." Command, R. BRUCE, ,IHlperintendent General. APPENDIX J. COpy OF ADVERTISEMENT APPEARING IN THE CANADA GAZE1'1'E, Jt:LY 31ST, 1852, OFFERING SCHOOI.I LAXDS FOR SALE I THE COUNTY OF BRUCE. ('ROW X L.\ nS J)EPART).rE 'I.'. QneL , 30th July, 1852. Xotice is hereby given, that the Hchool IJ:wds in the Counties of ßrnc<" Grey and Huron, arc now open for salt. to actual settlers on the fonowing terms, viz.: The price to be t('n shillings p<,r acre, payable in Ten Annmtl Instalments, with intprpst; the fir!'lt in talment to be paid upon l'eeeiving au..thority to PlIter upon the law1. .\ctllul occupation to be immetliate and 536 APPENDIX K continuous;1 the land to be clearel1 at the rate of five a(,1'e8 aunuall ' for every hundred acres during the first five years; a dwellin -house, at least 18 by 26, to be erected; the timber to be reserved until the land has been paid for in full and patented, and to be subject to any general timber duty thereafter; a License of occupation, not assignable without permission to be granted; the sale and the license of occupation to become null and void in case of neglect or violation of any of the conditions; the settler to be entitled to obtain a Patent upon complying with all the condi- tions ; not more than t\\ 0 hundred acres to be sold to anyone person on these terms. First published in The Canada Gazette, July 31st, 1832. _\ll papers in the province to copy for onp month. APPENDIX K. COpy OF XOTICE APPEARIKG IX THE CAN.AD..1 GAZETTE OF ATGU::.;T 17TH, 1834. SLIGHTLY ABRIDGED. (,ROW LAXDS DEP ARTl\IEXT. Quebec, 17th August, 1834. Xotice is hereby given that the undermentioned lands (set apart for school purposes under Statute 12, Vie. Chap. 200) in the County of Bruce, U. C., will be open for sale to actual settlers, upon application to Alex. l\IcXabb, Esquire, at Southampton, in the Township of Saugeen, on and after the twenty-seventh of next month. on the following terms, viz.: The price to be Ten shillings per acre, paJ"able in Ten equal annual Instal- ments, with interest: the first instalment to be paid upon receiving authority to enter upon the land. _\..ctual occupation to be immediate and continuous: the land to be cleared at the rate of two acres annually for each hundred acres, during the first five years; a dwelling house, at least sixteen feet by eighteen, to be ereeted: the timber to be reserved until the land has been paid for in full and patented, and to be subject to any general timber duty thereafter; a License of occupation not assignable without permission will be granted: the sale and License of occupation to become null anù void in case of neglect or violation of any of the conùitions: the settler to be entitled to obtain a Patent upon compl.ving with all the conditions, not more than two hundred acres to be 1 The follo\\ ing resolution of the United Counties Council, passed June 24th, 1854, makes e\';dent that the conditions mentioned in above advertisemen!; were not in all ca8es successfully enforced: .. That these Counties, in a financial point of view, are 'mffering serious loss in consequence of parties ha\"ing got possession of a large portion of the most \'aluable lands in the County of Bruce, and by means of misstatements, insincere promises to the Crown Lands Agent, and other unfair means, ha\'e contrived to evade this wise condition imposed by Statute, namely, actual and cOlltinuou.uettlement, and thereby retarding- the progress of improvement and ita conse- Kincaniillt: Walkcrton . . . \Viarton ..... un 6:!1 11)0 54 Ix:! 2,.ïjl 3, 1:!5 , .jll :{,IIi3 , liû H 4'" 23(j I , U!) 47 I,ïïl I,Mï ,... n 2,nuû I,SI:! .,-- -, , I ,5 (J (a) 27,49!1 -tS,"',I.ï li"",21 Ij4.60;{ 19,020 :r;lj 2. 3ï ISlil fiII!J fiB I (1\) (iïk I ,811.ï ;{, ï 1J 5,99'" 3,7 li... ."i,I)II,ï :{, ð:{!) (h) 3,699 :!,!IS 1 -l,lIï9 4,1I!), 3,4:m :!(j 2,.ïï!l 1,90ï (a)(c) IS;I 1,5O:ï : , 114 Ii 3,. I:! :;,"' 3 "',1: t) :;, nil! I : ,HOï 1,: 6'" 3,:!ï: ; , ï,) I 5,lï5 "',.ïOIi 3, li:!8 (d) (d) 2,09 1 '<.-IS 'i!I:1 1.162 1,].ï4 1,411t) 1.141 ;'iûl S61 .')45 IXSI I H) ;{,S90 :!,Hl: 4,9 !1 : ,7B:1 5,511:1 :{,3....ï 1,4S4 :1,04 ï :{, : I'\U 4, I .ï 3,fHS 2,90:{ .ï.)11 :!Sï 1,8];1 1,4:lï I,::?S., I.:{:!S 1,li.ï!1 1,4:lï l.i9j I , I :!S ."i.ïn 2, li31 3,061 1,!lS-t I.a) Inclmlecllll Brant. (hI Inc'ludecl in AlhemnrII'. II" {Iii;. on A!I08l'fSnll nt Holl. (cl) IlIcludc(1 with Ea8tnor. I From the A "el!!!ment Roll, which ill illco/lll'letl'. O!! BUll. anI! Sangeell nre olllitl('ec. 4. Provincial Referendum in favor of putting in force the" LilJuor Act of 19u2 " (prac- tically Prohibition) s, !lu For ......... . f),3.í7 3,81 Against ......... . :!,.34.í 548 APPENDIX S APPENDIX S. The following list contains the nanH'S of all members of the Independent Companies, (the Companies of which the 32nd Bruce Battalion was com- posed upon its organization on the 14th September, 1866), to whom has been awarded the Canadian General Service Medal for services rendered in the suppression of the Fenian Raid of 1866. 'fhe 32nò Battalion was not called out on active sPTyief' in 1870 and no medal, therefore, has been awarded for that year. G('orge Simpson. Ma]colm fcGillivray. .Tohn A. Darling. .Toseph Blakeway. Samuel N owry. .Tohn Nowry. Martin Schroeder. Robert Dewstow. Alex. McDowell. Thomas Bailey. William S. Scott. Angus Munn. Thomas Burgess. .\]px. fcNabb. Donald Currie. Richard Tranter. ,Tosiah Tranter. William Tranter. .John McTaggart. .T ohn Pierson. .James .Johns. Donald Robertson. .Tames Scott. Thomas Fortune. A lex. E. Belcher. Chris. F. Forest. ('hris. Parker. .Tohn Robertson. .Tohn .Johns. .Jolm Fortune. Wm. .J. McMenemy. Chris. R. Barker. .John Boal. ,Tames Burns. Richard Collins. William Fanning. FranC'is Graham. .T ohn Guest. Robert Hunter. William .Johnston. .Tohn H. Kean. .James McCue. Thomas McCue. Thomas )IcGinnis. Wm. 1\'1:. 1\feJ{ibbin. Samuel McLean. Peter McPherson. Maleolm Ross. FranC'is Rellery. .T ohn Sell ery. Henry Stanley. Thomas Wilson. .Joseph Harrison. George Green. WilHam Boyd. Wil1iam Brown. Henry Collins. Robert Donnelly. .John R. Kay. Alex. Wright. Edward Colwell. Daniel Gossell. .Tohn Miller. .Tohn King. William Thompson. .John C. Byers. George Elliott. David Shanks. .John .J. Walker. Thomas Levins. William Hall. Henry Hall. Levi Walker. Robert \rnill. .James Bartley. Edward Bowles. Edward Collins. Edmund Collins. Thomas Collins. .James Daniel. William Daniel. William C. Davie. Gideon Doupe. James Fair. .James Hay. William Hunter. Robert Irving. .John .Tol1iffe. Thomas Kidd. .John :Magill. .John :Merritt. .John D. l\Ierryfield. .John Millar. William :Mitchell. Vincent Mosser. Murdock Mackenzie. Alex. McLean. David Ogg. .John Parker. William Sparrow. Hugh Steele. Samuel Steele. William Tully. Elijah Welsford. .T ames D. Wilkie. Lachlan Boyd. David Kay. Jasper Lillie. Alex Moffat. .Tohn Robinson. Thomas Foster. Thomas Atchison. John Brown. APPENDIX S Henry R. Collins. Matthew Darling. Richard Kidd. Mounty Mick. Andrew Millar. Duncan Mackenzie. Samuel B. Osborne. James G. Cooper. 549 Thomas Morrison. Pascho Saunders. Hugh Campbell. Cyrus Barnum. Peter Larose. William H. Daniel. James Millar. John P. Quinn. Among other residents in the County who received Fenian Raid medals for service in other corps than the 32nd Battalion are: Thomas Dixon, H. P. O'Connor (deceased), David Traill, John Henderson, W. A. McLean (deceased), W. A. Green (deceased), and Norman Robertson. The following list contains the names of all members of the 32nd Regiment who have been awarded the Colonial Auxiliary Forces officers' Decoration or Long Service Medal respectively, and whose decorations or medals have been engraved " 32nd Reg 't." There are, probably, others who have been awarded the distinction, who counted time served in the 32nd Regiment towards the necessary qualifying of twenty year"" but whose last service was performed in some other corps. C. A. F. OFFICERS' DECORATW-X. Lieut.-Colonel J. H. Scott. Surgeon-Major De W. H. Martyn. P. :Y. and Hon.-Major .J. Henderson. f'aptain J. Douglas. Lieut. C. A. Richards. C. A. F. LONG SERVICE MEl>AL. P. 1\1. and Hon.-Major A. B. Klein. Q. M. and Hon.- lajor D. Robertson. f'aptain T. itchell. Q. .M. Sergeant ,T. .\. Hogg. Banlhnaster D. Fisher. Sergf'ant C. Hurford. Serg-eant II. D. Wettlaufer. Private D. Bell. 550 APP1:NDD. T APPENDIX T. LIST OF DEBENTURE IS UED AT YARIOt: THIES BY THE {'OUNTY OF BRt:CE Date of Issue. 1859-Feb. I. I 859-J une 2, 1859-Julv 19. 1866-,J uIÎe 8. 1865-0ct. J. I867-Dec. 2. 18liS-June 2i. 1869-,J une . 186n-Dec. 18i2-Jan. lS8.3-.J an. I 898-0ct. 190.'i-Oct. Object of DebentureR Issued. Amount. Relief-1st issue... .......... .. $17,200 Relief-2nd issue ........ _ ., .... ... 16,800 Total for relief of destitution. . . . . . . . County buildings-1st issue. ... . ... . . .. $24 , (H)1I County buildings-2m{ issue ......... 20,UOÜ Total for county huildings..... Gravel roads-1st issue.. ............. S:!211,IIUO Gravel roads-2ml issue ...... 20,noo Gravel roads-3rd issue 2U,IIOO Gravel loads - tth issue.. ............ 211.000 Total for gravel roads. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. W. II. 17. II. Bonus to Wellington, Grey & Bruce Railway. . . . Bonus to Southern Extension Railwayl To meet debentures maturing. . . . .. To erect and furnish House of Refuge. . . . .. . To rebuild :\IcCalder's bridge. . . . . . .. .......... Total. $34,000 $44,000 $28U,Ot 'IJ $2:)0,01111 51,0011 20,000 :?O,OOO 10,000 I These debentures were onl ' guaranteed by the countr. beinl{ paid by a sectionallev on the lIluni<'ipalities of Huron ami Kincardine township8 and Lucknow and Tiverton villages. $709,000 APPESDIX U 551 APPENDIX U. COUNTY COUNCIL DIVISIONS OF THE COUNTY OF BRUCE. REPORT OF COMMISSIONERS. To His Honor the Lieutenant Goeemor in Council: We the undersigned Commissioners appointed under" The County Council Act, 1896," by the Lieutenant Governor in Council, to divide the County of Bruce into County Council Divisions, report that having duly heard and considered all the evidenr.e adduceil before us, and having had due regard to the provisions of the said Act, we have divided the said County into nine County Council Divisions for the purposes of the said Act, as follows: 1. The First County Council Division to consist of the Townships of Albemarle, gastnor, Lindsay, Bury St. Edmunds, and polling sub-divi!;ion number five of the township of Amabel and the town of Wiarton. 2. The eeond Division to eonRist of the Township of Amabel, except polling sub-division number five, the Township of \rran and the Village of Tara. 3. The Third Division to consist of the Township of Elderslie, polling sub-division number :five of the Township of Greenoek, and the Villages of Chesley and Paisley. 4. The Fourth Division to consist of the Township of Brant and the Town of Walkerton. 5, The Fifth Division to consist of the Townships of Carrick and polling sub-division number six of the Township of Culross. 6. The Sixth Division to consist of the Township of Culross, eXLt pt polling sub-division number six, and the 'l'ownship of Greenock, except polling sub-division number five. and of the village of Teeswater. 7. The Seventh Division to consist of the To\\nships of Huron and Kinloss and the Village of Lucknow. S. The Eighth Division to comÜst of the 'l'owu of Kincardine, the Town- ship of Kincardine and the Village of Tiverton. 9. The lnth Division to consist of the Townships of Bruce and Saugl'cn aud the Villages of Port Elgin and Southampton. All of which is respectfully submitted. Dated at the Town of Walkerton, in the Raid County of Bruce, the first da ' of .July, .\.D. lS0li. S. J. JONES, .JOHN CHEASOH, Commission ers. 552 APPENDIX V APPENDIX V. COpy OF THE ADVERTISEMEXT OF THE LAXD SALE AT O'VEN . SOUND, SEPTEMBER. 2ND, 1856. INDIAN LANDS SALE AT OWEN SOUND. At Sydcnham (Owen Sound), on Tuesday, the 2nd September next, and following days, at 10 0 'clock a.m., will be sold at public auction about 144,800 acres of 'Vild Land, consisting of the Townships of Keppel and Amabel, and the Town Plot of Southampton on the North side of the Saugeen River, being composed of the Southerl T portion of the Saugeen Peninsula, adjoining the Townships of Arran and D('rby. The farm lands wil be put up to sale in lots or parcels of nearly 100 acres witho:It an . conditions of settlement duty except ng those fronting on the line of roatl laid out from S "denham to the Fishing Islands, and the new line of road from Sydenham to Saugee:r. on these the Department will impose a condition that th0 pnrchas('r shall, within one year after the date of purchase, cut and remove all the Timber from the centre of the road to the depth of ninety feet. The valuable property within the Township of Amabel known as the Falls or MiH Privilege, situated on the River Au Sable, comprising an area of 1,100 acres, will be sold in one block. The Town and Park Lots in augeen will also be put up to sale at the same time. The terms will be one-third of the whole purchase price in cash at the time of sale, and the balance to be paid in six equal annual instalments, with interest at 6 per cent. per annum. The Department reserves to itself the power to attach to any lot, at the time of sale, the obligation on th(' part of the purchaser to pa " for any improvements which may have been made on such lot by squatters. The fact that such improw>ments had been made before the date of this ad\"ertisement must he proved to the satisfaction of the Department before the 15th August next. An Agent or person to conduct the sale will be in attendance at 0" en :-O;ound from and after the 20th August for the purpose of affording to intend- ing purchasers such information as may be required. R. T. PE SEF_\THER, Superintendent General. Indian Department, Toronto, 18th July, 1836. INDEX. Adair, survey town plot, 234. Adair, Thomas, takes up land in Brant, 32, 35, lll, 293, 513. Albemarle: Surveys, 16, 74; first set- tlers, 237 ; reeves, 238 ; Albemarle VB. Eastnor, 239. Allen, James, 209. Allenford, 215, 538. Alma, survey, 16, 423. Amabel: Survey, 16, 74; first set- tlers, 209; early settlers, 2ll; first council, 213; list of reeves, 213 ; railway bonus, 214; first school, 215. Anderson, O. G., 299. Anderson, Thomas G., 8. Andrews, Albert, 173. Armow, 538. Arran: Survey, 16, 50, 265; pioneer settlers, 265, 266, 268, 269; Arran VB. Amabel, 271. Ashery, pot and pearl, i8, 275, 328. Backwoods characteristics, 76. Bacon, Joseph, 281. Baird, Robert, 465, 546. Balaclava, 339, 538. Banks, private, 139. Barker, C. R.: Settles in Huron, 30 ; Clerk of Council, 42; Division Court, 72. Barrett, William, Judge, 133. Battle of Saugeen, 3. Belcher, Lt.-Co1. A. Ð., 152, 180, 512. Bellemore, Louis, 30, 417. Berford, Richard, 266, 270, 274. Bervie, 436. "Big" Land Sale, The, 67, 320, 347, 536. Biggar, J. \V. S., 134, 190, 192. " Black Horse," The, 469, 472. Blair, William, 30, 422. Blake, Hon. Edward, 106, 114, 117, ll9, 12:J, 1:J5. Bland, L. T., 151, 157, 158, 546. Blue Springs, 292. Bonnar, Dr. H. A., 135, 137, 377. Bonus, first municipal, 62. Boulton, Edward R, 3ð, 212, 402. Bowes, William, 112. Bowman & Zinkan, 51!}. :!u Bowman, :M.P., C. :M., HE., 154, 157, 516. Boyd, Lt.-Co!. B. B., 192. Bradley, Dr. Thomas, 546. Bradley, William, 412. Brant: Survey, 15, 48, 293; early settlers, 34, 281, 283; "Proudfoot'e block" road, 283; map of, with :Malcolm :McLean, 285; reeves, 286; municipal officers, 286; first church, 287; Brant VB. Walkerton, 290; board of health, 291. Bricker, D.O., 501. Brill, S. R., 360. Brocklebank, James, 285, 546. Brough, A. P., 13, 48, 50. Brown, Henry, Ill, 365, 412. Bruce, County of: First settlers, 26; its birthday, 39; united to Huron and Perth, 39; annexed to Ash- field, 41; first reeves, 42; firs' council, 42; first assessments, 41, 538; first assessors, 43; first col- lectorR, 43; first levy, 43; union of townships dissolved, 45, 532 j separates from Huron, 102 j provis- ional County Council formed, 46, 81 j proposition to divide county, 83, 94, 95; See "County Counci1." Bruce, John, 92, 309, 312, 546. Bruce, Old Boys' Reunion, 149. Bruce, Pioneers' Society, 152. Bruce, Port: Survey, 323 j fire at, 9û, 324. Bruce, Township of: Surveys, 16, 50, 3U; fir t ettlers, 317; becomes a municipality, 321 j reeves, 321; drainage, 326. Bruce, W. C., County Clerk, 82, 187. Bryan, James, 546. Bull, William, 209. " Buck's" ßridge, 34. " Buck's" Crossing, 34. Bush road, specifications for, 49. Butchart, George, 321, 323, 490, 4M, 497, 508. Cameron, .\lIen: Settles at Kincar- dine, 26, 47, 55, 430; sc('ks a seat at County Council, 40. Camphell, .\lexandf'T, I.P.S., Hið. 553 554 Camphell gang, 8D. Campbell, J. B., 15l. CampbelJ, J. E., 151, 15/. Cannon, Benjamin. .J-W. Capital punishment, only ease in county, 108. Cargill, Henry, 13û, 13/, HI, 151; buys lands, 40/ì; mills, 107; C'har- aeteristies. 40/. Cargill, Yillage of, 290, 4Ui, 5:38. CarIsrühf>, Village of, 342. Carrick : Ul'Vf>r , 1 û, 38, 33.:; ; pioneprs. 3:3û; uther settlers, 337; tirst Township Council, 33R; reeVes. :33S. Caskanette, John, ::W. -W2. Catha ', Jame:-. D., .WI, 4B:1. CaterpilJars, Forest-tent. 148. Census TPturns, tahulated, 537. Chalmers, David. 2(Î.,. Chantry Island Li hthouse, 514. Chartrand, ,Joseph C., :3û, 402, 408. Chepstow, 40D. Chesley, Town of: Founder of, 37-1; surw,\- of 373; milway reaches. :3/. ; incorporated, :3ï7 ; reeves, 3ïï; debentures, 378; f'chool, 37R ; ehurcllPs, 3ï9 ; Enter- 1Jrisc, 381 ; industries, 3S1 ; ., Rig Fire," 3R . Children':,; Aiel :O;l)eiety, I H. Chisholm, W. I., lûû. ('lapp, Dr. R. Ð.. I;)-t., 1:>7. Clark, )I.P.P., Lt.-Co!. Hugh. 154, 15;, I 92. 43 ; -1ti:J. ClnrI-.. \\-ilJiam, -to: . -tOt. Cleaning grain, 421. Clement, Adam, 3:'. Clement, R. B., 298. Clendening, 'V. S.. lûû. Collins. 'Yilliam, 30:3. Colwell, amupl. 431. ('o1lluwrpial Dank failm'p, lOG. Conawa\" ,J. T., 45, !:I5, 2û8, 270, 546. Cmlditi ns of settlement on Free Grants, 33, 531. Cooke, Dr. Gf'orgp. 370. Cooper, J. G., Ili, ]32. 134, 135, 190, 192, 286. Cooper, Rural Dean TIm-. R. C., lßû, 272. Corrigan, Peter, 470, 472. County Imildings : Contracts for, 98 ; f'Ompleted, 103, 110, 119. f'lÌuntv Cletks: W. C. Bruce, 92: George Gould. 93, HI; ,Yo S. Gould, 93, 141. Count" coun(.i 1. 81. 142; divisions, . ;)51: Count v Couneillors Reduced in lluniIw1".. ]42 .r. Il ï, 1:34; Xorman Robertson, 1:34. Co\"e hland Lighthouse, 2GO. Cromar, ( f'orgp, R . 85, 9:3, 404, 405, 408. 54/ì. Culro!'s : urveys, W. 58 ; early set- tlers. 344, 330; rpeves, 351; town- ship offieers, 351. Cummings, Gordon. monument to, 191. Cunnning<;, P.. 5-t1ì. Dack, Walter )1., 1:34, 13ï; County Hegi,.;trar. 4û". Daniel. .:\Iajor 'Yilliam, 8, û1. 4 1. Delwntures. i.."ued by county, 530. Denny, John, ;")IR. Dickison, William, MG. Digman. ,Tohn Ct., first settler on Frp(' C rants, 8. Dixon, Thoma", 119, 153, 549. Donnclh", .T. .T., 154, 404, 54û. Doug1a;. John, I !10. G9. 54/ì. Drill "lwd::o, 182. Drinking customs. 130. 2R-1. Dunlán \('t, I O. Durham Road: f'uryey, 13; contrac- tors. -to. !) . Earl. Captain .T. C.. 25G. Eastnor: :-':uryt'Ys. I û, 74; first set- tler . 244; reeveS. 24,): bonus to grist mill, 24fí: elf'hentures. 247; drainagp, 24R. EeJdord. ,Tames C.. 128, 28û. Eekfonl. ,John, 4-t. Ill, Hil, 2R3, 286, 533. Eden ({ron, 290. " Egypt." Kincardine Township, 437. Bl'"p. 4 , 4:5; Dupcrint('IHh'lIt of :O-;pllOob. Iii;). Fref' Ora nt.s, :n, : :J. !) !I. .,:J1. Freer, Bt'n., II;G. }<'ur t niller.s. 18. GalTancy's rOrllel'S, (''\ plo..ion. :! . ( amhh', ('a pt.a in 1It'llr c., 4i . (;amhll'. .r. "'., 4 1, -t.:!:!. -t. 3. -t.:!-t., r,:J2. Gaunt. ,fames. 341;. Georgl', ,John. l: ï. ],')1. ( ('rolamy. \r. _\., 275. Gih...OIl, .\lc"\.andpr, : .i-t.. : .:ifl. Gih!'on. I>a, id, n.i. (;illil's, \I.P.. .fohn. !l7, !I!I, WI. I:!H, I :!n. :WII, 3-t.tì. "Gimh,. Trail," The, 212. G la nllu'i , : :!4. (:onhl, (;l'orrYp: llnï'ying. 7, 5f1; ('OllnÍ\" ('I rk. !I:I; n':-.igllf'd. 141, Iì:;, ilili. GOHld. "'. .. appointl'({ rotl11ty (,If'rk, J41, 147. Grain markf't... !I,,). :W , :UH. Grangl', 1"1 If'. 122. (;ran.1 road.... handl'd o,"pr to to\\ n- ;.h i p:-.. I :!O. (:n'l'lIIlI"k: Sllnl'\' Hi, :;H. 401: (leI:n' in ;.(.ttling on 'FI"I'I' (;rant..., -tH. ;'4': tow.,} plot of. ).') ; pionl'l'l's. :U;, 411:! ; po;.t-ul1i('P. li4. 403; rpPYI'S, 1-114; I'..tahli!-llll'd a toll-gatl'. 40.'); I"walllp !'old. lOt) ; (Ira inagl' of, tin!! ,<1(''1. Grp('JIO('k, to" n pInt of, 15. Greig. . \ 11>"\.:\11<1('1". 20!l. Gunn. "illialll. -t.-,. 10:;. llill. :O . ISDEX 5.).5 (;zo\\!'ki, ('01. ('. ., I''\ploration of :-:augPt'1l I{in.r, Ht H.\]f \li1e Strip, I , :>:l:> lanùs otfl'rl'd fOI" ;.a)e, :W2. Hamilton, .John, 2ûli. 27-t. Hallllin, l.atham fl., l:J, 1O , 1I . Halllmond, .. 17S ; l{pgistrar, 81'1. lIanon>r: B('l"olUl''; part of (:rey CounÍ\'. I.),) ; klll)\\ n as .. BUf'k's Bridg;'," :J4. :!!H. HaITi,;, Tlwllli.I;.. :J , .j. , 4 4, 4:JO, 470. lIa wt hornf', :mml'I. 5:;. Ih'n!lt>rson, )Iajor .fohn. 1!) , .J-t!I. lIem"\", James, Kinl"anlhw'l" fir.o;t I'a t ImH1 t PI'. 44R. lI('nn. \\, .J.. 4;)!I. 4fi . lJf>)n 'orth: Origin. 2l1i gn... \\('lIs, 17. Hieks. .Tohn. 4 . H iI\.,p r . H elll".\" , 4:;. -1!} 7. IIistorieal :O-;(lI"ipb'. Bnll'(' ('ollnty, I:;:!. . 1IistOlT of thf' ('ollnt\". 141. Hodgil'ls. Thumas. 41'1, 4Iin. 47 . Hogg. ,foll1l .\.. 3-t!1. lIogg. .f ohn, :l:Jû. Holmes. .\.hraham, :JO. I Jol\T()od, 47:t Hos'pital, Brul"(' ('OUllt . G('lwral, 1;)5, :JJO, I [OUSl' of Rl'fugl': First 11I0\ e, 138, 144; po,.t of rl'lief hefore e tab- 1i...l\('d, 1-t3: l"o;.t of huilding, 147. 1Iunt('r. .Tohn. .j. l. 42:J. rrlll"lhllrt, H('\". Thonms, 20. Huron. Tm\llship of: un p)"s, 11. 16, .:i(). 41;): :-'l't t 1I'rs on La.ke Range, 41 Ii: rin'r.. of. 42:3. Indian lal\({ agl'nt... I!IR. Indian 1.(....l'rn',;. Ii ; atTair:-l, 52R. r 1\11 ii.ln t I'pa t i(.... :l. ;). Ii, 52;). 527. hHlian "ar:-., Ojihway.. :\1111 Iroquois, 2. Ingli,... I:p\. \\ :t1tl'r. 1(i.i. 40:4. 1:;1, 472. T n\ l'rh II \"On. 31:;. :!2 . :;:þi. 111\ ('1"I1Ia ,'. 7 . In inp. 'rhollln.... 3Rï. .T:u.J,.,..on. (;I'orgl'. (' L. .\g(>nt of FrN> (:rant>l. 32. : :l. 41'!. (jf. !i:O. ,It"". 11 illr,-, TI\(', In..... of fot PH nH'r :! . .Ia n{iIH'. (:I'orgl'. 17H. 1 HO, 2!1ï ; ({path of. :17:!. .fa"'pl'l" Thollla.... trngi(' Ih'ath of, :Uì. ,11'1'1II\'n. D. :\1.. I-tR. Iri4. !).tlì. ,lohll t01l. \\ïIlilllll (" Kin:!"). :12, :U. :1.i. 556 Johnston, 'V. S., 5-16. Kennedy, A. H. R., 497. Kennedy, Captain William, 27, 490. Kennedy, David, 490. Kenned,r, J. C., 497, 499. eys, Cowan, 64, 421, 436. Keys, Ja..I11es, 417. Keyworth, John, 447. Kinc rd ne, Town of: Surveyor's de- cnptlOn, 439 seq.; surveys, 15 j lllcorporated, 84, 458, 459; first set- tlers, 442 j changed appearance, 443, 448; first merchants 443 . Harbor Street, 448, harbor by-law: 44; harbor, 460; first work at har- bor, 74; first bridge, 4-19; early merchants, 450; public schools, 451; grammar school, 451; high school, 452; l\Iethodist Church 58 452 ; Presbyterian, 453 seq.; Kno Church Literary Society. 458; Church of England, 455; Baptist Church, 455; water works 459' electric light, 459; grain buyer;, 461; salt works, 106, 462; fisher- men, 463; industries, 464; news- papers, 465. Kincardine, Township of: Surveys, 15, 48, 429; settlers in, 26, 29; senior township in county,' 430; first settlers, 430; roads opened, 433; Lake Shore Road, 434' reev{'s 435; "Egypt," 4iJ7; school , 438. ' Kingsmill, .Judge, 105. Kinloss: Surveys, 11, 16. 58, 469; roads, 470, 47ü ; first settlers, 469 ; settlers, 48; ('ady settlers. 470; contractors on Durham Road 470' railway bonus, 473: Presh.Ytcria Church, 474, 481. Kinlough, 473. Klein, A. B., Judge, 133, 134. Kribs, Rev. Ludwick, 04, 238, 516. Lake Huron, early navigation of, 55, 56. J.Jambert, D. :McG., 51-1; \Y. l\I(>G., 514. Lamont, Joseph L., iJ-1. Land sale at Owen Sound, 7-1, 532. Land sale, The "Big." 67, 536. Lands, arrpars of pa,yment insisteà on, 94, 108. Lands, condition of !'>ettlement, Free Grants, 33, 529, 531; Crown lands. 36; Indian lands, 198, 552. J.,ands. f'rown and school. reduced in pricp, liiJ. 5:m .. 53ft. INDEX Land Improvement Fund, 94, llO, 539 seq., 541. Langdon, R. V., 166. Lee, Thomas, 58, 51unan, Finlay. 31, 417. :McLf'nnan, Iurdock, 432. McLeod, Captain )Iurdoch, 51, 56. -1:30, 432. )Ic:Nabb, J. 1\1., 51, 142, 216, 239. IcKabb, Rev. John, 474, 48l. )IcXally, Henry, 285. )IcXaughton, D., 138. Ic eill. Alex.. 128, 135, 13i, 141, 151, 205. McQueen, Thomas, 69. 52l. )lcRae Alexander, 31, 417. McRae. Duncan, 31. )IcRae, Malcolm, 417. McTavish, Peter: Teacher, 326; some of his scholars. 326. )lacCrimmon. Dr. D. .A., 165, 480, 482, -183, 48-1. MacGr('gor, Captain Alex.: At Fish- ing Island,;;, 21 ; harhor, 24. )IacGregor, Captain A. )Iurray, 23. 6, .")5, :J23, )lacKendrick, David. 435, 4-13. )lacKemlrick, Geo. R., 59. )Iackinto"h, William, 2ïO. 27:J, 546. Macklem. \ViIIiam, oatmeal mill. 448. )lacLennan. )Jaleollll, H 1, 4 -1. 1;) 1. )lacLf'nnan, TIev. F. A., 47-1. Iac Phf'rson, )lalcolll1. -13;). 4-1ï. 'IacPherson, JalllPs A.. 139, 4ti6. )IacPher'Son, Sir D. J...., ]nO. lOG, 201. )Iain Station I.;;land, Ruin... at, 22. )Ialcolm. Andrew, 148, 157, 45ft )Ialcolm. Villag(:' of, 290. laIta: SUI"wy, :J 3; fire, 9G, 324_ Iartin, "urdoch L., 31 fl. J artyn, _\ng'1.1 , -11 R. )Jartyn, Dr. De W. B.. 191, 4!1l. 45f>, ;'-1 fl. )Icgraw. Ainsley, 383. )Icgraw, .Tohn, 3R;), 402. )Iessner, F. X., 340. 343. )fieklf''';, 10ft. )fildmay, Vi11agf' of, 3 9. )Iilitia _\('1, of IS;)5: Si'\. TIattalions in Druc'p. 1 is. )Iillar, William, 430. 451i. :!\lil1er. n. n.. lfi3. 22l. :!\Jillf'r, Elijah. 2!1. )Ji11s: Hand. 60; fir"t aw mill, 26; first gri..,t. 6 ; puh1if' meet: ing to honus, 61. )lissionarif's to h1dian , O. :!\Iofl"att, D.D., Rev. R C., 16ft, 288, :Wi. )Ioorf', Da, id. 29fL Moorc R. E., ] ;)3. Ioorf', \Y. .T., TI..qUf'<;t.. of. 14 . lfi5. 'I""cow. 3,") . )Iuir. .ram..". -1!I!I. lSDEX j57 Municipal gO\ ernment, early forma of. 40. :Municipal Loan Fund, 44, 116. )lunn. Alexander, 368. )lurray. Hugh, 3 2. Murray, Rev. Dr. J. L., 454. 466. Murray, R. H., 149, 214. Neelands. Abraham, 2ï2. iagara l.'ishing Co., . ormanton, 498, 539. Noxon. Saylor & Co., 298. O'Connor, }'. S.: Sheriff, 138; death, 153. O'Connor, II. P.. 128. 1 9, 134, 137, 5-f9. Oliphant, Laurence, 6. Oliphant, Village of, 215. Orchard, Simon, 53. 59, 36 , 383. 384. "Our Own Broad Lake," 522. Paisley. Village of: Fir!'lt death, 385; survey, 386; school, 388 seq.; scholars and teaehers, 388 scq.; railway opened, 3!Jl ; incor- poration, 392 ; reeves, 3D2 ; officf'r::3, 392 ; debentures, 392 ; waterworks, 392; St. _\ndn'w';; Church, 393; Knox Church, 394 ; other churchps, 395 ; bridge", 3n6; Ldvocate, 397 j banks, 39j. Parke, C. V.: f;heriff, 153, 228. Patrons of Industry, 139. Paul, Boyer, 4i1. Pearce, Thomas, 37l. Pt>1lPtangorE', meaning of, 43n. Peninsula: Railway proposf'd in, 151: Indians f'.urrendf'r, 194; (,harll's Rankin displeased at not having to conduct sales, HH ; first ..ale of lane.... postponed, HH ; ale f'f'ptf'mhf'r. 1 S56. I!};) ; C'ondit ions of ak, 197; sf'ttlC'r's grif'vances, l!H}; tim}wr duf's, 200; licf'nses eaneel1f'd. 201: road , 202; di - trf' R in. O:J : telc' rraph lim', 20-1. Perry, S. "'" 1i3. Phf'l:m, .Tohn, 409. PiC'hé. Pif'lTe. 1H. Pif'r!'.on. ,Tohn. 5-16. Pigt'lm.... \\ i Ill. i!l. Pine Point. -1 :L Pil\(' nïwr, 4 2. ;)3!l. Pinkf'rton. Da\ ill. 40.,. Pin!'f'I"ton. Villa!!t' of. splf'Ctec1 as C'ounh' tn"n. !I . -to . Pioneer: a h:u'k" 00,1", 2-1. Pionf','r gat ht'n"l : Port F.lg;n. 149 ; 'Ya Ikf'l.t 1111. 1 ;;2. 55b Pione(.rs: Of Elden,lie, 54 Huron, 30, 31 ; Brant, 34. :Hi. Police )Jagistrate, 134. Porter, Dayid, I: i. Port Rruee: urYey, 323; fire at, 96, 32-l. Port Elgin, YilIage of : Survey, 497 ; industries, -lB9. 3n4; Times, 30n ; ineurpora ted, 30 I; reeve::;, 50 I ; Lanks. .")02 : town hall, 502 ; har- bor, .")() ; d('hentures. 503; spur Jine, 504; de\"elopment, 5 0 "chools, 503 ; Pn.shyterians, 503. Port Head, Sun'e .. 4:tj. Post Offices, fin;;t. ;) i. 1i4_ Potts. H. T.. I; I), HI. 1:>1. i;3, 546. Powell. F. C.. 4.,1. Prohihition pl{'hiseite. I: )' 5-17. l)roánl'ial surplus di:itrihution. 116. Pun ('s. Robert. 4 iO. 541ì. Pun-is: .John. ..j. i 1. ,").1-(1. (}lwen's Rush. ] 0; gon:'rmnent de- <'ide" to olw'Il i t up, II. Railways: Struggle for honu:-.. IOi .: comph.ted to Kincardine. 11 i ; complet{'d to Teeswater, 118 ; nar- row gauge T. C. & B. Railway, :34S. :>l. : ."),): London H. & D., I O; eomplet{'d to \Yiarton. 22,), 226. Rankin, Charles (s{'e "Suneyors"), l!H. Ra:itall. "ï1liam: Fur trader, If) sketl'h of, H4 ; reev{'. 435, 4;)R. Rattlesnake. inl'ident of. 254. Reekie, )[rs. John. 56. Re{'kie, William, 4: 7. R{'eki{"s )Jills, 4:H. R{'fprendum vote, 1."j4. ReilI. ,Janws, :3-1-7, :3,)R. Reid, Peter, 4i . Riach. .John, H3. Ripley: Post Office, 4 4; villae.:e. 423: Knox Church, 42fi: Huron ('ongrega t ion, -l26" R.itehie, ,John n., ,"):J. 64, 40:3, -l04. 405. 53 . Riwrsda l{'. .tOR. R.oad, Durham and Southampton, 52. Road. Dnrha m: Contraets to open, -If). ,"j2. iI ; assumed by county, IO , 120. Road. Elora, (i;), iO. i1. :369. Roarl, ()w{'n Sound. 5R. Roads : Coloniza tion. G4. 71, 90. 111 SaugPI''Il and Coderieh, 90. Road... good, 71, I;) . I DEX Roads, gra\"el, 84, 9.). 1O , llO. Roads in Peninsula, 20 . RoLL, \. \Y., 154, : i9, 381, 546. Hobertson, Dayid, 304. 549. Robertson, Norman, 134, 152, 549. Robertson, Peter, -l50. Roether, Samuel, I: i. Ross, D. \Y.. 105, 119. Ross, Paul, 304, 332. Rowan. ('apt. Duncan, 29, 33, i 4, -l30, 4:3(;' Rowand. ,James. 129, 1:36. 137, -l91. H.owe, ða muel T., ;j: , :362, 367, 383, 384. Hu ', Arl'hiLald :W8, 2iO, 498, 533. Sacra menta 1 "ervict-s. :3.)!1, -l!1G seq., 4.4. :-\alt ,,{'ns. JUli. :-\a Ilg', sr., Cha des, 268. 8(111('.'/ ,'(/('1.., los::; of. 50!). :-\,ll1gf'f'n. ('ount.\. of, !)4. SaUgf'f'l1 Hiver. nadgation of, 4nI, -l!HI. 3:3. allgef'lI. Township of: Sm"V"\T';, 16, ,")n. Hn; first spttlers. 490. 491, ..j.!I ; reew,;. 493; ofIic{'rs, 4!)3 j malls. !I-l ; bridg('s, -l!),). :'augeen YaHe.\" Hailway, 124. :-\,lw.\t'r, David, 1. :-\('hools: ]<'irst. in county. 58, 159; "ta ti,.;ti('s. I Iii, Ii;) : loeal "uperin- tl'lHlents. WI, W;) ; inspectors pub- IiI' ,..;ehools. ](îli; humor in, 170 j 1II0(1f'1. I i ; gralllmar, 172; high, I i3. ('ott AI.t. J 2f), I:31i. :-\('ott. n.D.. H{'\'. .John, 2(i, 35.. 360. :-\('ott. ,J. H., I :!8, I : .), 19 , 546, 549. ('ott. ])r. "T. S.. 313. Sl'ott. William, ,"j46. :-\1'('1)('1'. Ernt'st, 342. :-\ettl{'rs. chamctpri"tic::; of early, 73. :-\lwntz, Ren, (j2. 4f)6, 49R. :--haw, \I('"\:a1l(ler. 1O:J. 123. 137, 148, 201 ; eaptain of volunteers, 181. haw, \\". 11., I!)."). :300. :-:hp1toll. \\-iIliam awl .John, 48, 469, 4'j . :-\hell1lan. ,John, la. !)i, 339, :347, -l02, 40."). :"hipwrf','k. almost, of tlH' mini"tT ', HI. hou ldiee, ,Ja Illes. ;)46. :"indair, Archihahl, IR. 21. 430. Sindair. Donald: _\ppointp<1 TPgis- trar, 12,); hiogmpbical sketch of, 125. kighs, s('ttlf'rs'. (iO. :--mith. Davirl. 2R1. Smith, Peter. l.f. 4f)0. 491. bomervillp, .lame.... ..j.".:). Southampton, Town of: urvey,,;, 7, 16, ;;O ; first ::;ettIer..., 27, ,jOS. 509; as it was in 18;;2, 510; in- corporated, S-1, 511; to" n hall, :;I : haruur, 51:J; school, 51:) ; Pn'shyt{'rian Church, ,jlö; [eth- odist (,hun.h. 313 ; Church of Eng- lanò, 317 ; Xew,,;papcr , 518; in- du:;tries, 518, 319 ; fi"henllen, 51!) ; dC\"f'lopment, why delap'd, 520; urillges, 321; hig fin', 319; be- come,,> a to\\ n, 51 . Sptc'IIl'e. Captain John. 27, 56, !UU, JOB. Sproat, _\.I<>x: )Iavur of "-alk<>Tton. :JO-l; as lieut.- olond, ISH. UIII. I!) ; ('unnt,\" h('a-.;urer, 100. II" 135; Lanker. :; II; a!' LP., In3, II2, 311. " Stan a tion Y eaT." S3 8 1 'q., 49.t, 545. Stauffer, J. Eli, 4:i, 41i7, 470.472, 475. :-:teinmiJIer & :O-;on. J:wob, 34 . Ste\\art. Dr. J. )L, 1:)4,377. f'toney Island. 4:J3; grcat storm wrecks !"toTehou es, 4 ü. Stringer, Bt. I pv_ 1. (I., Bishop of Splki,'k, 4: S. St. Edmund,.;. Town...hip of: SUJvey;:;, lG. 7.{ ; fir..;t settl<>r". 236 ; lumbl:"- ing. 2:)!I ; fir:,t ...('hool. ;)!I ; a sep- arate lIlunieipality, 2;)f). m'w'y'i: AmHlwl, I G. 74; \Ihe- marIe. Hi. 74; \nan. 16, fin; flrant. I:), 48 ; Bnll'(,. 16. ;;0 ; Car- rick. Hi. :)R, :Jl.ì ; ('ulro,.,s, Hi. ;)H ; East nor. Hi. 74 ; Ðhlt'r::-lie, 16, ;:;0 ; Un't"'IH,pk. IIi. .")s; 11111'01'. ] 1. ]Ii. .:;0; Killearllinc. I;). IS; Kinlos;:;, 11,16. :):i; Lin<},.;a , IIi. ï4; au- ,geen. lfì. ;)0 ; St. EdnmIHI", 16, 74 ; Half 'tilp St rip, 1 : Fi..,hing T ..,IanEX 559 , e '"" Hti 44."); hiographical gri..;t mill. .Hti. ...ketch, Tara, Yillage of: .\s Eblana, 276 ; sun'cys, ì:;; becomes incurpor- ated, 1 5, 2ìG; churches, 7();' LClldf.'r, 77. TI' ',.;water Hi\'<'T, 14 ; to deppen, 332. TI.p...\\ater, \ïllage of: Pu"tollice, :Hs; ...urn' '('d. 35-1; earlip..t '-et- tIers, 354; incorpuratl'll. :J3,j; IIC'hl:'ntuTe.... : ,")fi; clHlt}ls, 35{j; ehUl'chp,.;, : .")7 ; ., cws, 31H. Thomson \\". H.. liO. Timber due". OU ; licen-;es canceHI'd. Ol. TiYeTton, Yillage of : Baptbt Church, : fI, 3:W; Presu .teTian Church, : !I; incorporate,l, :J:W; ree\'es, :J31; fir!'t !'ettle.'!', 331, 33 ; UI'- YC\', 3:H. Tulll'lie, .John, 13!), 141. 1:)8. Tolton. .r ames.!."), 141. :J4Ii. Traill, Da viii. 34!1. .. TI.patip.... llIlliall, :l. 5, Ü, tj!), ;; ,j, 5 7. Trua", n. E., I3G. 137, 139, 148, 154, 137. 300, 411. t"Jl(lC'n\ood, Yillagp of, 324. I"np.hart. .Tuhn, mail can-ier, 318. 4!1 . \'a!t'lItiJW, John. 4:). (ì , HI, Iifl. 2!)j", : S,., 3R6, 3H7, -l0 : ...kdch of. 40.t. ..W,"). ;)46. '-it!uatinn of tll<' l'O\luh. I :l. I:W. 151. . Y:Ul...tOß{', H il'hanl. ] :14. Yoluuteers: . \\'. Ucuellion,orden'd O\lt, I:I ; lirst comp,my. ISO; othl'r companil'''', 17U, 181; at (:oderil'h. I S.t; : :bld Battalion fon.lt'd. I Hfi; cnIors r,,'psl'ntC'd, ISì ; CI'IH'nll Luanl report... IS!\ ; ('om ilia nùing olJie'e.'" of :J2ml. 192 ; 1:1'11 Hivpr E\.pedit ion. I s ; Fl'nian Ita ill. I Slili. 1 :I; J't'l'i pil:'nt of IIwd:lls, 54H ('01mty grant..;. 185, 189. " a Illell, 1>:1\ ill. :11I. 417. \\'alkl'r. FnuII'is (Pacld '), elt'l.tl'cl "PP\ f', 4:J. :ï:!. 44;). \\ a I kl'r, .J o"'l'ph. n4; C'T(>I't... ,lam awl a\\ mir!. !)7 ; I!ri...f miH, !\S. \\ a Ikl'rton. '1'0\\ II of: BI'e'nllle.. a tll\\ll. 11.t. : 1I2 ; fir...t "'I't tll'....;. !}.t : fir...' sun ey. 301 ; po..;t-offil'p ('a11e<1 Brant. 2!17 : tit....t ..tOI"l'. 2!1j'; in- I"....t..ip... !I!t: !.indl''' t\\ illl' ('{I III 560 pany, 301 ; fight for county town, 302 ; incorporated as a town, 302 ; schools, 302, 303 ; mayors of, 304 ; town hall, 304; churches, 305; press, 307; as a grain market, 308; railway opened, 308 j the "big fire" 310. town haB 311' the Bend Park; 311; Bo rd of Trade, 312 ; curlers, 312. \VaBace, Alexander, 49l. \Vallace, County of, 83, 95. Wallace, James, lost in the wòods, 282. Wardens of the county, list of, 54ð. Waterwitch, steamer, 218, 396. Watt, Robert, 245, 546. Weir, Lieut.-Cot A., 192. WeBs, R. :M., 128, 136. Welsh, Thomas, 42l. .Welsh, William, 42l. Wheat yield per acre, 348. I:SDEÀ White, Joseph M., 147. Wiarton, Town of: First settler, 221 j early settlers, 222 ; post office opened, 222; incorporated, 125, 223; first council, 224; indebted- ness at start of, 224; railway reaches there, 225; wharf, 226; custom port, 226 j waterworks, 226; newspapers, 227; banks, 227; high school, 228; reeves" 228 ; mayors, 228 ; town hall, 228 ; becomes a town, 228; beet - sugar company, 229; the Spirit Rock, 23l. Williamsburg, survey, 445. Winter of 1851-52, 58, 384. Witbers, William: First settler, 2(j, 55; erects saw mill, 26, 55, 430, 43l. W olyes, 96, 350, 366. /? f -o L" & )A ,.. --=> "