PROPERTY OF LIBRARY
DEPARTM F AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA

, he! PLEASE RETURN ~

ee 33 “an —ISM—559

So
‘THE ARABEFAN ART

PATRICK O’CONNOR,

eos: ¥
. Veterinary Surgeon, Dundas.

O.(:; N

NTED
636,10886 FOR THE PUBLISHER.
OLS 1857.

iSs7 .DER BOOK AND JOB PRINTING OFFICE, DUNDAS.

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orem

SSR ASAT ene en ance ree es PETER

one thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, by Patrick O’Connor, in
the Office of the Registrar of the Province of Canada. ™,

Entered according to Act of the Provincial Legislature, in the year

RET i ony

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le year }
NOR, in

™

INTRODUCTION.

POOP PLL PPP DAE PP papagjafag

The first domestication of the horse
ments of man in the animal kingdo
but like all other great a

, and used for many years the mere drudges, the Ox,
the ass, and the camel, instead of the fleet

man’s limited and inaccurate knowledge of
quent inability to control him. This fact a
of his superiority over all other animals,
Man, in all his inventions and discoveries, has »lmost invariably
commenced with some simple principle, and gradually developed it
from one degree of perfection to another. The first hint that we
have of the use of electricity. was Franklin’s drawing it from the

clouds with his kite. Now itis the instrument of conveying thought
from mind to mind, with a rapidity that Surpasses time. ‘T'he great

» was first discovered escap-
ing from a tea-kettle. And so the powers of

to the powers of steam, became known to
ments, and investigation revealed them.

The horse, according to the best accou
the constant servant of man for

man only as experi-

governs him by th
find him to be quite a different animal,

treated from a foal gives him an

oget
for

2

his master, that he will leave his companions at his master’s call,
ever glad to obey his voice. And when the Arab falls from his
horse, and is unable to rise again, he will stand by him and neigh
for assistance ; and if he lays down to sleep, as fatigue sometimes
compels him to do in the midst of the desert, his faithful steed will
watch over him, and neigh to arouse him if man or beast approaches,
The Arabs frequently teach their horses secret signs or signals,
which they make use of on urgent occasions to call forth their utmost
exertions. These are more efficient than the barbarous mode of
ane them on with spur and whip, a forcible illustration of which
will be found in the following anecdote.

A Bedouin, named Jabal, possessed a mare of great celebrity. Has-
sad Pacha, then Governor of Damascus, wihet to buy the animal,
and repeatedly made the owner the most liberal offers, which Jabal
steadily refused. The Pacha then had recourse to threats, but with
no better success. At length, one Gafar, a Bedouin of another tribe,
presented himself to the Pacha, and asked what he would give the
man who should make him master of Jabal’s mare? «I will fill his
horse’s nose bag with gold,’’ replied Hassad. The result of this in-
terview having gone abroad ; Jabal became more watch ful than ever,
and always secured his mare at night with an iron chain, one end of
which was fastened to her hind fetlock, whilst the other, after pas-
sing through the tent cloth, was attached to a picket driven in the
ground under the felt that served himself and wife for a bed. But
one midnight, Gafar crept silently into the tent, and succeeded in
loosening the chain. Just before starting off with his prize, he
caught up Jabal’s lance, and poking him with the butt end, cried out:
‘‘I am Grafar! Ihave stolen your noble mare, and will give you
notice in time.” This warning was in accordance with the customs
of the Desert; for to rob a hostile tribe is considered an honorable
exploit, and the man who accomplishes it is desirous of all the glory
that may flow from the deed. Poor Jabal, when he heard the words,
rushed out of the tent and gave the alarm, then mounting his brother’s
mare; accompanied by some of his tribe, he pursued the robber for
four hours. The brother’s mare was of the same stock as Jabal’s,
but was not equal to her; nevertheless, he ouistripped those of all
the other pursuers, and was even on the point of overtaking the
robber, when Jabal shouted to him: “Pinch her right ear and give
her a touch of the heel.” Gafar did so, and away went the mare
like lightning, speedily rendering further pursuit hopeless. ‘The
pinch, in the car and the touch with the heel were the secrel signs by
which Jabal had been used to urge his mare to her utmost speed,—~
Jabal’s companions, were amazed and indignant at his strange con-
duct. ‘‘O thcu father of a jackass!” they cried, ‘ thou hast helped
the thief to rob thee of thy jewel.’ But he silenced their upbraid-«
ings by saying: ‘I would rather lose her than sully her reputation.
Would you haye me suffer it to be said among the tribes that another
mare had proved fleeter than mine? I have at least this comfort
left me, that I-can say she never met with her match.”

. Different countries have their different modes of horsemanship,

SacI aracalintnelis .

ee | ee eh ls, ag ne a ee

-; tS

Oo —s

er’s call,
} from his
nd neigh
ometimes
teed will
proaches,
* signals,
ir utmost
mode of
of which

ity. Has-
2 animal,
ich Jabal
but with
her tribe,
give the
ill fill his
f this in-
1an ever,
1e end of
fter pas-
n in the
1d. But
eeded in
prize, he
‘ied out:
sive you
customs
morable
1e glory
2 words,
rother’s
ber for
Jabal’s,
se of all
ing the
nd give
1e mare
3 «©The
ens b
Thodiact
xe cOn-
helped
pbraid-
itation.
10ther
omfort

anship,

but amongst all of them its first practice was carried on in but a rude
and indifferent way, being hardly a stepping stone to the comfort and
delight gained from the use of the horse at the present day. The
polished Greeks, as well as the ruder nations of N orthern Africa, for
along while rode without either saddle or bridle, guiding their horses
with the voice or the hand, or with a light switch with which they
touched the animal on the side of the face to make him turn in the
opposite direction, They urged him forward by a touch of the heel,
and stopped him by catching him by the muzzle. Bridles and bits
Were at length introduced, but many centuries elapsed before any-
thing that could be called a saddle was used. Instead of these,
cloths, single or padded, and skins of wild beasts, often richly
adorned, were placed beneath the rider, but always without stirrups ;
and it is given as an extraordinary fact that the Romans, even in the
times when luxury was carried to excess amongst them, never desired
So simple an expedient for assisting the horseman to mount, to lessen
his fatigue and aid him in sitting more securely in his saddle. An-
cient sculptors prove that the horseman of almost every country were
accustomed to mount their horses from the right side of the animal,
that they might the better grasp the mane, which hangs on that side,
a ie universally changed in modern times. The ancients gene-
rally leaped on their horse’s backs, though they sometimes carried a
Spear, with a loop or projection about two feet from the bottom,
which served them as astep. In Greece and Rome, the local mag-
istracy were bound to see that blocks for mounting (what the Scotch
call Zowpin-on stanes) were placed along the road at convenient dis-
tances. The great, however, thought it more dignified to mount
them horses by stepping on the bent backs of their servants or slaves,
and many who could not command such costly help, used to carry a
light ladder about with them. The first distinct notice that we have
of the use of the saddle occurs in the edict of the Emperor Theo-
dosius, (A.D. 385,) fiom which we alco learn that it was usual for
those who hired post-horses, to provide their own saddle, and that
the saddle shculd not weigh more than sixty pounds, a cumbrous
contrivance, more like the howdahs placed on the backs of elephants
than the light and elegant saddle of modern times. Side-saddles for
ladies are an invention of cc mparatively recent date. The first seen
in England was made for Anno of Bohemia, wife of Richard the II,
and was probably more like a pillion than the side-saddle of the pre-
sent day. <A pillion is a sort of a very low backed arm chair, and
was fastened cn the horse’s croup, behind the saddle, on which a
man rode who had all the care of managing the horse, while the
lady sat at her ease suy porting herself by grasping a belt which he
wore, or passing her arm around his body, if the gentleman was not
too ticklish. But ihe Mexicans manage these things with more gal-
lantry then the ancients did. The ‘pisanna,’ or country lady, we
are told is often seen mounted before her “ cavalera,’? who take the
more natural position of being seated behind his fair one, supporting
her by throwing his arm around her waist, (a very appropriate sup-
port if the bent position of the arm does not cause an occasional con-

sidered as the first steps taken by the ladi
and elegant mode of riding at the present day.

At an early period when the diversion of hawking was prevalent,
they dressed themselves in the costume of the knight, and rode
astride. Horses were in general use for ma
thing like a protection for the hoof was thought of, and it was intro-
duced, at first, as a matter of course, on @ very simple scale. The
first foot defense, it is said, which was gi
the same panei as that worn by man, a
made of leather and tied to the horse’s foot, b
strings. And finally plates of metal were fastened to the horse’s
feet by the same simple means.

Here again, as in the case of the stirrupless saddle, when we reflect
that men should, for nearly a thousand years, have g
plates of metal under horses’ hoofs by the clumsy
and strings, without its ever occurri

its commencement up to the present time, 1 will proceed to give you 4
the principles of a new theory of taming wild horses, which is the
result of many experiments and a thorough investigation and trial of fr
the different methods of horsemanship now in use.
to
he

tly be con-
‘ Improved

prevalent,
and rode
efore any-
was intro-
ale. The
6, Was on
a sandal,
straps or
© horse’s

we reflect
fastening
of straps
imple an
ration of
nt state.
xtracting
|. With
ip, from
give you
h is the
1 trial of

THE THREE FUNDAMENTAL PRIN CIPLES
OF MY THEORY
Founded on the leading characteristics of the
Horse. ,

em,

Finst.—That he is so constituted by nature that he will not offer
resistance to any demand made of him which he fully comprehends,
if made in a way consistent with the laws of his nature.

Szconp.—That he has no consciousness of his strength beyond
his experience, and can be handled according to our will, without
force.

Tuirp.—That we can, in compliance with the laws of his nature
by which he examines all things new to him, take any object, however
frightful, around, over or on him, that does not inflict pain, without
causing him to fear.

To take these assertions in order, I will first give you some of the
reasons why I think he is naturally obedient, and will not offer re-
sistance to anything fully comprehended. The horse, though pos-
sessed of some faculties superior to man’s, being deficient in reasoning
powers, has no knowledge of right or wrong, of free will and inde.
pendent government, and knows not of any imposition practiced
upon him, however unreasonable these impositions may be. Conse-
quently, he cannot come to any decision what he should or should
not do, because he has not the reasoning faculties of man to
argue the justice of the thing demanded of him. If he had,
taking into consideration his superior strength, he would be useless
to man asa servant. Give him mind in proportion to his strength,
and he will demand of us the green fields for an inheritance, where
he will roam at leisure, denying the right of servitude at. all. God
has wisely formed his nature so that it can be operated upon by the
knowledge of man according to the dictates of his will, and he might
well be termed an unconscious, submissive servant, This truth we
can see verified in every day’s experience by the abuses practiced
upon him. Any one who chooses to be so cruel, can mount the noble
steed and run him ’till he drops with fatigue, or, as is often the case
with more spirited, fall dead with the rider. If he had the power
to reason, would he not vault and pitch his rider, rather than suffer
him to run him to death? Or would he condescend to carry at all
the vain imposter, who, with but equal intellect, was trying to impose

6

; on his equal rights and equally independent spirit? But ha pily for
us, he has no consciousness of imposition, no thought of dackelense

except by impulse caused by the violation of the law of his nature.

Consequently, when disobedient it is the fault of man.

Then, we can but come to the conclusion, that if a horse is not
taken in a way at varience with the laws of his nature, he will do
anything that he fully comprehends, without making any © ffer of
resistance,

Szoonn. The fact of the horse being unconscious of the amount
of his strength, can be proven to the satisfaction of any one. For
instance, such remarks as these are common, and perhaps familiar to
your recollection. One person says to another, “If that wild horse
there was conscious of the amount of his strength, his owner would
have no business with him in that vehicle ; such light reins and
harness, too; if he knew he could snap them asunder in a minute
and be as free as the air we breathe;” and, “that horse yonder
that is pawing and fretting to follow the company that is fast
leaving him, if he knew his strength he would not remain long
fastened to that hitching post so much against his will, by a strap
that would no more resist his powerful weight and strength, than a
cotton thread would bind a strong man.” Yet these facts made
common by every day occurrence, are not thought of as anything
wonderful. Like the ignorant man who looks at the different phases
of the moon, you look at these things as he looks at her different
changes, without troubling your mind with the question, « Why are
these things sv?” What would he the condition of the world if all
our minds lay dormant? If men did not think, reason and act, our
undisturbed, slumbering intellects would not excel the imbecility of
the brute; we would Five in chaos, hardly aware of our existence.
And yet with all our activity of mind, we daily pass by unobserved
that which would be wonderful if philosophised and reasoned upon,
and with the same inconsistency wonder at that which a little con-
sideration, reason and philosophy would be but a simple affair.

Tuep. He will allow any object, however frightful in appear-
ance, to come around, over or on him, that does not inflict pain,

We know from a natural course of reasoning, that there has never
been an effect without a cause, and we infer from this, that there
can be no action, either in animate or inanimate matter. without there
first being some cause to produce it. And from this self-evident fact
we know that there is some cause for every impulse or movement of
either mind or matter, and that this law governs every action or
movement of the animal kingdom. Then, according to this theory,
there must be some cause before fear can exist ; and, if fear exists
from the effect of ima ination, and not from the infliction of real
pain, it can be removed y complying with those laws of nature by
which the horse examines an object, and determines upon its inno-
cence or harm.

A log or stump by the road-side may be, in the imagination of the
horse, some great beast about to pounce upon him; but after you
take him up to it and let him stand by it a little while, and touch

eae a ee ee

—- = * oe UCU

appily for
iellenes
8 nature.

3¢ is not
e will do
© ffer of

> amount
ne. For
miliar to
ld horse
r would
ins and
. minute
) yonder
is fast
‘in long
& strap
, than a
is made
nything
| phases
lifferent
Vhy are
ld if all
act, our
ility of
istence,
bserved
d upon,
le con-
r.
appear.
in.
3 never
| there
it there
ant fact
nent of
ion or
theory,
exists
of real
ure by
3 inno-

of the
r you
touch

aT RII

T

it with his nose, and go through his process of examination, he will
not care any thing more about it. And the same principle and pro-
cess will have the same cffent wth any other object, however fright-
fal in appearance, in which there is no harm. ‘lake a boy shay bas
been frightened by a false-face or any other object that he could not
comprehend at once ; but let him take that face or object in his hands
and examine it, and he will not care anything more about it. This
is a demonstration of the same principle.

With this introduction to the principles of my theory, I shall next
attempt to teach you how to put it into practice, and whatever in-
structions may follow, you can rely on as having been proven practical
by my own experiments. And knowing from experience just what
obstacles | have met with in handling bad horses, I shall try to an-
ticipate them for you, and assist you in surmounting them, by com-
menacing with the first steps taken with the colt, and accompanying
you through the whole task of breaking.

How to Succeed in Getting the Colt from Pasture.

Go to the pasture and walk around the whole herd quietly, and at
sith a distance as not to cause them to scare and run. Then ap-
priach them very slowly, and if they stick up their heads and seem
to pe frightened, hold on until they become quiet, so as not to make
them run before you are close enough to drive them in the direction
yo. want to go. And when you begin to drive, do not flourish your
arns or hollow, but gently follow them off, leaving the direction free
for them that you wish them to take. Thus taking advantage of
ther ignorance, you wi'l be able to get them in the pound as easily
as tie hunter drives the quails into his net. For, if they have always
run into the pasture uncared for, (as many horses do in prairie
couttries and on large plantations, ) there is no reason why they
shoud not be as wild as the sportsman’s birds, and require the same

ele treatment, if you want to get them without trouble; for the
eee in his natural state is as wild as any of the undomesticated an-
imds, though more easily tamed than most of them.

How to Stable a Colt without Trouble.

the next step will be, to get the horse into a stable or shed. This
shoild be done as quietly as possible, so as not to excite any suspi-
cia in the horse of any danger befalling him. The best way to do
ths, is to lead a gentle horse into the stable first and hitch him, then
qwtly walk around the colt and let him go in of his own accord.—
It s almost impossible to get men, who have never practiced on this
riciple, to go slow and considerate enough about it. They do not
w that in handling a wild horse, above all other things, is that

8
G00d oid adage true, that ‘‘haste makes waste';”. that is, Waste of
time, for the gain of trouble and perplexity,
One wrong move may frighten your horse, and make him think it
is necessary to escape at all hazards for the safety of his life, and
thus make two hours work of a ten minutes job; and this would be
all your own fault, and entirely unnecessary ; for he will not run un-
ess you run after him, and that would not be good policy, unless
you knew that you could outrun him ; or you will have to let him
stop of his own accord after all. But he will not try to break away,
unless you attempt to force him into measures. If he does not see
the way at once, and is a little fretful about going in, do not under.
take to drive him, but give a little less room outside, by gently closing
in around. him, not raise your arms, but let th
side; for you might as well raise a club.
ied anatomy, and does not know 9ut’ they
and fly athim. If 2s attempts to turn. back, walk before him, but:
do not run; and if he gets past you,
Same quiet manner, ara he will soon find
hurt him; and you can soon walk so close
§0 into the stable for more room, and to get farther from you. net
Soon’ as he'is in, zemove the quiet horse and shut the door. is
will be his first no‘ yn of confinement—not knowing how to get in
such a place, nor how to get out of it. That he may take it's
che ntirely free ‘from’ do ,
chickens, or anything. that would annoy him ; then give him a fw
ears of corn, ard let him remain alone fifteen or twenty minutis,
until he has examined his apartment, and has become reconciled ‘0’
his ccnfinement,
2 eerie sree ea »
Time to Reflect.

And now, while your horse is eating those few ears of corn, is jhe:

proper time to see that your halter is ready and all right, an; to,

i sebreakiny, it.

is highly important that you should be governed by some system:
And you should know before you attempt to do anything, just wht
you are going todo, and how you are going to do it. And, if ui
are experienced in the art of taming wild horses, you ought tobe

able to tell within a few minutes the length of time it would tie
you to halter the colt, and learn him to lead,

The Kind of Halter.
Always use a leather halter, and-be sure to hay
it-will not-draw ‘ight around, his

i pe halieg fay
umstances whatever, , They: hae!

» Waste of

n think it
life, and
would be
(run un-
y, unless
o let him
ak away,
not see
t under.
y closing
at your.
rer stud
mselyes
im, but
in the
roing to
he vill

u. ine
is

) get in
e it's
dogs,
La few
inutis,
Ted 0

9

caused more horses to hurt or kill themselves, than would pay for
twice the cost of ‘all the leather halters that have ever been needed
for the purpose of haltering colts. [tis almost impossible to break
a colt that is very wild with a rope halter, without having him pull,
rear, and throw himself, and thus endanger his life; and I will tell
you why. Itis just as natural for a horse to try to get his head out
of sityihing that hurts it, or feels unpleasant, as it would be for you
to try to get your hand out of a fire. The cords of the rope are
hard and cutting; this makes him raise his head and draw on it, and
as soon as he pulls, the slip noose (the way rope halters are always
made) tightens, and pinches his nose, and then he will struggle for
life, until, perchance, he throws himself; and who would have his
horse throw himself, and run the risk of breaking his neck, rather
than pay the price of a leather halter. But this is not the worst.—-
A: horse that has ‘once pulled on his halter, can never be as well
broke as one that has:never pulled at alli: '

Remarks on the Horse.

But ‘before we attempt todo anything more with the colt, I will
give you some of the characteristics of his nature, that you may
better understand his motions. Every one that has ever paid ‘an
atiention to the horse, has noticed his natural inclination to smell
everything which to him looks ~ew and frightful. This is their
strange mode of examining everything. And, when they sre
frightened et anything, though they look at it sharply, they seem to
yave no confidence in this optical examination alone, but must touch
it with the nose before they are entirely satisfied ; and, as soon as
this is done, all is right.

Experiments witk the Robe.

If you want to satisfy yourself of this characteristic of tne horse,
and learn someting of the importance concerning the peculiarities of
his nature, etc., turn him into the barn-yard, ora large stable will do,
and then gather up something that you know will frighten him: a
red blanket, buffalo robe, or something of that kind. Hold it up so
that he can see it, he will stick up his head and snort. Then throw
it down somewhere in the center of the lot or barn, and walk off to
one side. Watch his motions, and study his nature, If he is
frightened at the object, he will not rest until he has touched it with
his nose. You will see him soon begin to walk around the robe
and snort, all the time getting a little closer, ax if drawn up by some
magic spell, until he finally gets within reach of it. He will then
very cautiousiy stretch out his neck as far as he can reach, merely
touching it with his nose, as though he thought it was ready to fly
at him. But after he has repeated these touches a:few: times, for the
first (though he has been looking at it all the:time) he seems to have

10
an idea what it iss. B

¢ of feeling,
that it is nothing that will do hi

©, Sometimes using the chesnut 0

m any harm, and he js ready to play wi
with it, nd if you watch him closely, you will see him take hold J i
of it with his teeth, and raise it up and pull atit. And in a few bs
minutes you can see that he has not that same wild look about his pe
eye, but stands like a horse biting at some familiar stum o)
et the horse is never well satisfied when he 1s about anythin hi
that has frightened him, as when he is standing with his nose to it ;
nd, in nine cases out of ten, you will see some of that same wild look yi
about him again, as he turns to walk from it. An you will, prob. :
ably, see him looking back very suspiciously as he walks away, as g
ough he thought it might come after him yet. And, in all proba- i :
bility, he will have to go back and make another examination before .
© 1s satisfied. But he will familiarize himself with It, and, if he os
Should run in that lota few days, the robe that frightened him 80 .
much at first, will be no more to him than a familiar stump, ¥
——— i.
Q
Suppositions on the Sense of Smelling. ¢
We might very naturally suppose, from the fact of the horse’s sc
applying his nose to every thing new to him, that he always does so =
or the purpose of smelling these objects. But I believe that it is ag Ww
Much or more for the Purpose of feeling; and that he makes use of al
his nose or muzzle, (as it is sometimes called, ) as we would of our id
ands ; because it is the only organ by which he can touch or feel
anything with much susceptibility. b
believe that he invariably makes use of the four senses, seeing,
earing, smelling, and feeling, in all his examinations, of which the 0
sense of feeling is, perhaps, the most important. And I think that b
in the experiment with the robe—his gradual approach and final . 2
touch with his nose, was as much for the purpose of feeling, as any- % ti
ing else, his sense of smell being so keen, that it would not be ‘ a
necessary for him to touch his nose against anything in order to get j
© proper scent ; for it is said that a horse can smell a man the dis- i b
tance of a mile. And, if the scent of the robe was all that was a v
necessary, he could get several rods off. But, we know from expe- :
rience, that if a horse sees and smells a robe a short distance from ‘
him, he is very much frightened, (unless he is used to it,) until he q
touches or feels it with his nose ; which is a Positive proof that a
feeling is the controlling sense in this case. ,
¢
]
Prevailing Opinion of Horsemen,
#9 ay ]
Itisa prevailing opinion among horsemen generally, that the sense
of smell is the governing sense of the horse, And Faucher, as well
as others, have, with that view, got up receipts of strong smeiling
‘oils, ete., to tame the hors

f his leg,

of fee] ing,

ady to play

a take hold
d In a few
. about his

t anything
nose to it,
» wild look
vill, prob.
} away, as
all proba-
ion before
and, if he
d him 80

. horse’s
s does so
tit is ag
28 use of
1 of our
1 or feel

seeing,
ich thes
nk that
id final
as any-
not be
to get
he dis-
it was
expe.
; oer
itil he
f that

sense
well

iling
leg,

Serr ae

ere ;
ee op Shag ee A eet oe

11

which they dry, grind into powder and blow into his nostrils. Some-
times using the oil of rhodium, organum, etc., that are noted for
their strong smell. And sometimes they scent the hands with the
sweat from under their arm, or blow their breath into his nostrils,
etc., etc. All of which, as far as the scent goes, have no effect
whatever in gentling the horse, or conveying any idea to his mind ;
though the works that accompany these efforts—handling him,
touching him about the nose and head, and patting him, as they
direct you should, after administering the articles, may have a very
great effect, which they mistake to be the effect of the ingredients
used. And Faucher, in his work entitled, ‘‘ The Arabian art of
taming Horses,” page 17, tells us how to accustom a horse to @
robe, by administering certain articles to his nose ; and goes on to
say, that these articles must first be applied to the horse’s nose before
you attempt to break him, in order to operate successfully.

Now, reader, can you, or any one else give one single reason how
acent can convey any idea to the horse’s mind of what we want him
todo? If not, then of course strong scents of any kind are of no
account in taming the unbroken horse. For everything that we get
him to do of his own accord, without force, must be accomplished by
some means of conveying our ideas to his mind. I say to my horse
“90 “long |’? and he goes ; ‘ho 1”? and he stops; because these two
words, of which he has learned the meaning by the tap of the whip,
and the pull of the rein that first accompanied them, convey the two
ideas to his mind of go and stop.

Faucher, or no one else, can ever learn the horse a single thing
by the means of a scent alone.

How long do you suppose a horse would have to stand and smell
of a bottle of oil before he would learn to bend his knee and make a
bow at your bidding,” “go yonder and bring your hat,’’ or,
«‘¢ome here and lay down?” Thus you see the absurdity of
trying to break or tame the horse by the means of receipts for
articles to smell of, or medicine to give him, of any kind whatever.

The only science that has ever existed in the world, relative to the
breaking of horses, that has been of any account, is that true method
which takes them in their native state, and improves their intelligence.

Powel’s System of Approaching the Colt.

But, before we go further, I will give you Willis J. Powel’s system
of approaching a wild colt, as given by him in a work published in
Europe, about the year 1814, on the “ Art of taming wild Horses.”
He says, ‘‘A horse is gentled by my secret, in from two to sixteen
hours.” The time I have most commonly employed has been from
four to six hours.’ He goes on to say: ‘“ Cause your horse to be put
in a small yard, stable, or room. If ina stable or room, it ought
to be large in order to give him some exercise with the halter before
you lead him out. If the horse belong to that class which appears

: a
only to fear man, you m

ust introduce yourself gently into the stable,
room, or yard, Where the horse is, fo wil naturally
and frequently turn hij 1;

’

never fails to doin a short time, sa
ina quarter or half an hour, J 'W one to be much longer
Without turning toward me,

the very moment he turns his head, hold out your left hand
toward him, and stand perfectly still, keeping your eyes upon the
orse, watching hig motions if he makes any,

a If the horse does not
en minutes, advance as slowly ag Possible, and
i :

ingredients ; but you see
se whatever, The

Mnocent of themselves, become « faith
Without works,’ “And thus men remained always in doubt Concerin

is forehead all over, No
more. force Over al

Ing’ his ears, advance toward the
i me manner ; observing

the horse will
Same on both Sides of

» patting
m thence rapidly to where YOu had alread y

RR ae 2

of

a }.
ae oo wba OK so mM tet
2

a a a

ae 3 = -=

eo ue a

r into the stable,

ly run from you

aust walk about

lenever he turns

‘ short time, sa
€ much longer

i your left hand
“yes upon the
) horse does not
Possible, and
your left hand
ut in it.’ He
eople, such as
ret, and man
l in so short a
this explana.
aith placed in
ibt concerin
you advane
let. Remain
‘In the same

horse stirs,
mon for the

» yet there

n you, until
len you are

; and let it

3 lightly as
with great
‘tle farther

1€ rapidit

he sicbe,
ending b

indle that

' manner,

rt of the

lich may

ard the
Serving
rse will]
he lets

id then
er VOus-
patting
Jread y
er on

18

every time this happens. The head, ears, neck, and body being
thus gentled, proceed from the back to the root of the tail.

«This must be managed with dexterity, as a horse is never to be
depended on that is skittish about the tail. Let your hand fall lightly
and rapidly on that part next to the body a minute or two, and then
you will begin to give ita slight pull upward every quarter of a
minute. At the same time you continue this handling of him,
augment the force of the strokes, as well as the raising of the tail,
until you can raise it and handle it with the greatest ease, which
commonly happens in a quarter of an hour-in most horses ; in others
almost immediately, and in some much longer. It now remains to
ha dle all his legs. From the tail come back again to the head,
handle it well, as likewise the ears, breast, neck, etc., speaking now
and then to the horse. Begin by degrees to descend to the legs,
always ascending and descending, gaining ground every time you
desend untilfyou get to his feet.

‘¢ Talk to the horse in T.atin, Greek, French, English, or Spanish,
or in any other language you please; but let him hear the sound of
your voice, which at the beginning of the operation is not quite so
necessary, but which I have always done in making him lift up his
feet. Hold up your foot—‘ Live la pied ’~* Alza el pie’—* Aron ton
ined etc., at the same time lift his foot with your hand. He soon

ecomes familiar with the sounds, and will hold up his foot at com-

mand. ‘Then proceed to the hind feet and go on in the same manner,
and in a short time the horse will let you lift them and even take
them up in your arms.

‘ All this operation is no magnetism, no galvanism ; it is merely
taking away the fear a horse generally has of a man, and familiar-
izing the animal with his master; as the horse doubtless experiences
a certain pleasure from this handling, he will soon become gentle
under it, and show a very marked attachment to his keeper.”

Remarks on Powel’s Treatment how to Govern Horses
of any kind.

These instructions are very good, but not quite sufficient for horses
of all kinds, and for haltering and leading the colt; but I have
inserted it here, because it gives some of the true philosophy of ap-
proaching the horse and of establishing confidence between man
and horse. He speaks only of the kind that fear man.

To those who understand the philosophy of horsemanship, these
are the easiest trained ; for when we have a horse that is wild and
lively, we can train him to our will in a very short time; for they
are generally quick to learn, and alwavs ready to obey. But there
is another kind that are of a stubbe:. or vicious disposition, and,
although they are not wild, and do not require taming, in the sense
it is generally understood, they are just as ignorant as a wild horse,

if not more 80, and need to be learned Just as much ; and in order
to have them obe Y quickly, it is very necessary that they should be
made to fear their masters ; for, in order to obtain perfect obedience

om any horse, we must first have him fear us, for our motto is fear,

en, in order to take horses ag we find them, or al] kinds, and to

train them fo our likings, we will always take with us, when we go

make a sharp report, which, if handled with dexterity, and rightly

ling colts, I Would advise you to take Mr. Powel’s method at first, til]
you gentle him, which he Says takes from two to six hours. But, as
Want to accomplish the Same, and what js much more, learn the
orses to lead in less than an hour, I shall give you a much quicker
process of accomplishing the same end, Accordingly, when you
have entered the stable, stand still and Jet your horse look at youa
minute or two, and as Soon as he js Settled in one place, approach
him slowly, with both arms stationary, your right hanging by your
side, holding the Whip as directed, and the lef; bent at the elbow,
with your hand Projecting, Ag You approach him, 80 not too much
towards his head OF Croop, 80 as not to make him moye either for.
ward or backward, thus ‘ceping your horse Stationary, if he does

move a little forward or backward, Step a little to the right or left
very cautiously ; this Will keep him in one place, Ag you get very
near him, draw 4 little to his Shoulder, and Stop a few seconds, If
you are in his reach he will turn his head and smel] at your hand,
not that it has any preference {oy your hand, but because it is
Projecting, and ig the nearest Poruon of your body to the horse,
This all colts will do, and they will smell 6f your naked hand just
as quick as they will of any thing that you can put in it, and With

doctrine of taming horses by giving them the scent articles from the
and. I haye already proved that (0 bo a mistake. As soon as he
touches his nose to your hand, caress him as before directed, always

eee

oe
— es St mS
ee ee ee ee

a ake lle aa

nuch ; and in ordey

that they should be
n perfect obedience
r our motto ig fear,
nt of the first two
losophy of creatin
will every kind 9

yr all kinds, and to
rhale-bone bug
3 to cut keen and
rity, and rightly
ill be sufficient to
your right hand,
€ alone. It is q
One in a stable
ave nothing but
Soon see him in
the time to use
re than half or
t, and have him
advise a new
ich of a hurry,
‘ular about t he
rience in hand-
10d at first, til]
ours. But, as
lore, learn the
much quicker
J» when you
look at youa
we, approach
ging by your
t the elbow,
not too much
ve either for.
if he does
tight or left
ou get ver
econds, Jf
your hand,
cause it ig
the horse,
hand just
» and with
sached the
8 from the
Soon as he
d, always

eee

15

the horse, always
i and, merely touching th bad Mrcle he
kote aes pte pd so that Te ue aero aay ai
enol as eb Ewin bon be of his head, which will
pa a tent t rub his neck or the side 0 aed. Hevue fevete
more convenient to urpose, as rubbing his ssi ae neue Reeds
peg tet sho doves to smell or touch ou ha EB cicartecine
pari eet h communication ot this bs i ebb cain plenaatit
follow each touch or s, accompanied with a kin be tartntde toe
and affectionate Dhara as: Ho! my little ny Soaatintly Tope
ie nga et 1 or something of that ra ip ae of totes tor
7 sane rt vusend We 4 n reacielt ab the face and voice,
pehlg the expr fei eed
the horse soon gio ie fear, te, or he Ls Mont He

ee rice feelings ; two of which, fear and anger,

our 0 ;
pepe ble never feel.

f a stubborn or
ild, seems to be o lida cen
‘ d of being wild, u approach him, o:
Mak Sepeatioon it ha. lage tne hie t that regard or fear of man
mulish cad Cle mil kick you, he i ponte hace quickly and auey >
turns his hee able you to ha with the whip,
that he should aul Me give him ial Oeitser keen as it plies
and it might be ety close to the body. - a affect him as much
about the legs, pr d the crack of the whip his legs will affect him
around his legs, ae one sharp cut about hi on the inner part of
as the stroke ; eee over his back, the oS tender than on his
Protestant y0.03 his flank being thinner, mo h to scare him, it is
Fen nh do apt aehin Hibs anil i sent Sys ee eee eer
back. But do to hurt the horse tha hatever you do, do
Neen SCaiepsation Ste ac henatet always without
to scare tha @ v ith a 200 : ea ’ 9 at do it at once.
quickly, sharply, nga Aue te pohue him at all vad whip him until he
anger. If you fer battle with your oer touch him at all, for
Never go into a De rou you had better no dy dhelinda efoveiontl
is mad and will ae Suaat of fear and = d but an injury, ts
you will a dilewill Tt will do him ew a you succeed in
ment, hatred an ie you can scare him ; kit g him mad; for fear
strike a blow, ni se ane him without ma end as scon as one is
scaring him, eas together in the oe eemeri As soon as
and fog at find. that the a ae pant: up straight: and ns
visible, you : ; im so that he w é ress him a goo
you have ighianed ee roach him again, a amide the two cons
yee i tah anes Hea ped i ghana ‘ then he will fear
deal more ae hie ‘Hattie ove Btw are will quickly obey
falling Soca ‘and as soon he learns wha
and love you too,

16
How to Halter and Lead the Colt.

AS soon as you have geniled the colt a little, take the halter in
your left hand'and a proach him as before, and on the same side
that you have gentled him. If he igs very timid about your ap-
Proaching closely to him, you can get up to him quicker by making

e whip a part of your arm, and reaching out ver i

e getting
aking it up in your hand,
our hands on him. If he

ise it somewhat, and fasten the top

me you halter
a colt you should Stand on the left side, pretty well back to
his shoulder, only taking hold of that p

art of the halter that goes
around his neck, then with your hands about his neck you can

the halter on it without making him
You should have a
have the halter on,

it, so that you can let him walk the length of the stable
trap, or without making him pull on the

m feel the weight of your hand on the
halter, and give him rope when he runs from you, he will never rear,
pull, or throw himself, yet you will be holding him all the time, and
doing more toward gentling him, than if you had the power to snub
im ri ; because, he ta not know
, don’t do any thing to make
In a few minutes you can

begin to control him with the halter,

then shorten the distance be.
tween yourself and the horse, by takin

attempt to pull him after you, but commence by pulling him very
quickly to one side. He has nothi i i I

until you can pull him around in every directio
stable with him, which you can do j i
think when you have made him step to the tight or left a few times,
that he is compelled to follow

the pull of the halter, not knowing
that he has the power to resist your pulling ; besides, you have

lt.

ce the halter in
the same side
about your ap.
ker by making
gently with the
he time getting
in your hand,
onhim. If he
be halter strap
‘ly ; he will let
*n take hold of
his head, and
kle, under hig
t hand, letting
ld his head to
hose into that
fasten the top
ne you halter
well back to
lter that goes
eck you can
making him
lould have a
he halter on,
of the stable
o pull on the
hand on the
| never rear,
he time, and
wer to snub
2s not know
ng to make
tes you can
istance be.
your hand.
rably short
gin to give
before and
‘him ve
f his neck,
r; and as
up to him
operation
about the
: will soon
few times,
; knowing
you have

17

handled him so gently, that he is not afraid of you, and you always
caress him when he comes up to you, and he likes that, and would
just as leave follow you as not. And after he has had a few lessons
of that kind, if you turn him out in a lot he will come up to you
every opportunity he gets. You should lead him about in the stable
some time before you take him out, opening the door, so that he can
see out, leading him up to it and back again, and past it. See that
there is nothing on the outside to make him jump, when you take
him out, and as you go out with him, try to make him go very slowly,
catching hold of the halter close to the jaw, with your eft hand, while
the right is resting on the top of the neck, holding to his mane.
After you are out with him a little while, you can lead him about as
you please. Don’t let amy second person come up to you when you
first take him out; a stranger taking hold of the halter would frighten
him, and make him run. There should not even be any one standing
near him to attract his attention, or scare him. If you are alone,
and manage him right, it will not require any more force to lead or
hold him than it would to manage a broke horse.

How to lead a Colt by the side of a broken Horse.

If you should want to lead your colt by the side of another horse,
as is often the case, I would advise you to take your horse into the
stable, attach a second strap to the colt’s halter, and lead your horse
up alongside of him. Then get on the broke horse and take one
strap around his breast, under his martingale, (if he has any on,)
holding it in your left hand. This will prevent the colt from getting
back too far; besides, you will have more power to hold him, with
the strap puling agate the horse’s breast. The other strap take
up in your right hand to prevent him from running ahead ; then
turn him about a few times in the stable, and if the door is wide
enough, ride out with him in that position; if not, take the broke
horse out first, and stand his breast up against the door, then lead
the colt to the same spot, and take the straps as before directed, one
on each side of his neck, then let some one start the colt out, and as
he comes out, turn your horse to the left, and you will have them
all right. This is the best way to lead a colt ; you can manage any
kind of a colt in this way, without any trouble ; for, if he tries to
run ahead, or pull back, the two straps will bring the horses: facing
each other, so that you can easily follow up his movements without
doing much holding, and as soon as he stops running backward you
are right with him, and all ready to go ahead. And if he gets
stubborn and does not want to go, you can remove all his stubborn-
ness by riding your horse against his neck, thus compelling him to
turn to the right, and as soon as you have turned him about a few

times, he will be willing to go along, The next thing, after you are
through leading him, will be to take him into a stable, and hitch him
in such a way as not to have him pull on the halter, as they are

18

often troublesome to get into a stable the first few times, I will give
YOu some instructions about getting him in,

. the Stable and hitch him without
having him Pull on the Halter.

You should Jead the broke horse into the stable first, and get the
colt, if you can, to follow in after him. If he refuses to go, ste
up to him, taking a little stick or switch in your right hand ; then
take hold of the halter close to his head with your left hand, at the
same time reaching over his back with your right arm so that you
Can tap him on the opposite side with your switch ; bring him up

facing the door, tap him lightly with your switch, reaching as far
back with it as you can. This tapping, by being pretty well back,
and on the Opposite side, wil] drive him ahead, and’ keep him close
to you, then by giving him the right direction with your left hand

you can walk into the stable with him, | have walked colts into the

Stable this way, in less than & minute, after men had worked at them

alf an hour, trying to pull them in. If you cannot walk him in at

Once. this Way, turn him about and walk him round in every direc-
tion, until you can get him up to the d i

hen let him stand & lew minutes, keeping his head in the right

of it before, he wou d be then, Besides we don’t want him to know
anything about pulling on the halter. Colts are often hurt, and some.
times killed, by trying to force them into the stable; and those who
attempt to do it in that way, go into an up-hill business, when a

which should not be too long, and should be connected by a bar, or

it would be impossible for him to pull on the halter, the partition be-
hind Preventing him from S0ing back, and the halter in the center

To. Kaeo eS, See Pe ee ee ee eS

== s --go

'w times, I will give

oe him without

first, and get the
‘efuses to go, step
right hand ; then
t left hand, at the
; arm so that you
1; bring him’ up
» reaching as far
pretty well back,
keep him close
1 your left hand
ed colts into the
worked at them
t walk him in at
in every direc.
oulling at him.
ad in the right
an ten minutes,
ould make him
Was not afraid
it him to know
lurt, and some.
and those who
iness, when g

bly wide stall,
by a bar, or
that, after the
ht, backward
of the stall,
partition be.
in the center
7 ithe a of
light strap,
sllegy Ba
him the use
itch him to
d give him
minutes at
halter,

19
The kind of Bit, aiid how ‘to accustom a Horse to'it.

You should use a large, smooth, snaffle bit, so as not to hurt his
mouth, with a bar to each side, to prevent the bit from pullin
through either way. This you should attach to the head-stal! of
yout bridle, and put it on your colt without any reins to it, and let

im run loose in alarge stable or shed, some time, until he becomesa
little used to the bit, and will bear it without trying to get it out of
his mouth. It would be well, if convenient, to repeat this several
times before you do anything more with the colt; as soon as he will
bear the bit, attach a single rein to it, without any martingale. You
should also have a halter on your colt, or a bridle made after the
fashion of a halter, with a Strap to it, so that you can hold or lead
him about without pulling on the bit much. ° He is now ready for
the saddle.

How to Saddle a Colt,

Any one man, who has this theory, can put a saddle on the
wildest colt that every grew, without any help, and without scaring
him. The first thing will be to tie each stirrup strap into a loose
knot to make them short, and prevent the stirrups from flying about
and hitting him. Then double up the skirts and take the saddle
under your right arm, so as not to frighten him with it as you ap-
proach. When you get to him, rub him gently a few times with
your hand, and then raise the saddle very slowly until he can see it,
and smell, and feel it with his nose. Then let the skirts loose, and
rub it very yently against his neck the way the hair lays, letting him
hear the rattle of the skirts as he feels them against him; each time
getting a little farther backward, and finally slip it over his shoulders
on his back. Shake it a little with your hand, and in less tha five
minutes you can rattle it about over his back as much as you please,
and pull it off and throw it on again, without his paying much at-
tention to it.

As soon as you have accustomed him to the saddle, fasten the
girth. Be careful how you do this. It often frightens a colt when
he feels the girth binding him, and making the saddle fit tight on
his back. You should bring up the girth very gently, and not draw
it too tight at first, just enough to hold the saddle on. Move him a
little, and then girth it as tight as you choose, and he will not mind it.

You should see that the pad of your saddle is all right before you
put it on, and that there is nothing to make it hurt him, or feel un-
pleasant to his back. It should not have any loose straps on the
back part of it to flap about and scare him. After you have saddled
him in this way, take a switch in your right hand to tap him up with,
and walk about in the stable a few times, with your right arm
over the saddle, taking hold of the reins on each side ‘ of
his neck, with your right and left hands. Thus marching him
about in the stable until you learn him the use of the bridle, and can

20

turn him about in any direction, and atop him by a gentle pull of the
rein. Always caress him, and loose ‘the reins a little every time
you stop him.

You should always be alone, and have your colt in some tight
stable or shed, the first time you ride him i the loft should be high,
80 that you can sit on his back without endangering your head.
You can learn him more in two hours time in a stable of is ki

of a horse. You tako him a step at a time, until you get upa

saddle, and the use of the bit; and then all that remains, is to get
on him without scaring him, and you can ride him as well as any
orse.

How to Mount the Colt.

First gentle him well on both sides, about the saddle, and all over,
until he will stand without holding, and is not afraid to see you
anywhere about him.

As soon as you have him thus gentled, get a small block, about
one foot or eighteen inches in heighth, and set it down by the side of

im, about where you want to stand to mount him ; step up on this,
raising yourself very gently ; horses notice every change of position
very closely, and if you were to step up suddenly on the block, it
would be very apt to scare him; but Y raising yourself gradually
on it, he will see you, without being frighteded, IN @ position very

they hang loosely over his neck with your left hand; then gradually

ear your weight on the stirrup, and on your right hand, wnti! the
horse feels your whole weight on the saddle; repeat this so, ral
times, each time raising yourself a little higher from the bloc'; unti
he will allow you to raise your leg over his croop, and place yourself
in the saddle,

First, a sudden change of position ig very apt to frighten a young
horse that has never been handled; he will allow you to walk up
to him, and stand by his side without Scaring at you, because you
have gentled hia iy that position, but if you get down on youy hands
and knees ard o-s-yt toy weds him, he will, every much frightened, and

21

upon the same principle he would frighten at your new position if you
had the power to hold yourself over his back without touching him,
colt in go j Then the first great advantage of the block is to gradually gentle
ft should be high ‘i to that new position in which he will see you when you ride
eri ° im.
ableeo?. thie head. Secondly, by the process of leaning your weight in the pha!
of break 18 kind, and on your hand, you can gradually accustom him to your weight,
of tr eatmene ee so as not to frighten him by having him feel it all at once, And in
ent, you the third place the block elevates you so that you will not have to

& gentle pull of
a little brety site

ng the worst kind
itil you get upa
nd horse. First
int him with the
‘mains, is to get
m as well as any

le, and all over,
fald to see you

all block, about
n by the side of
step up on this,
nge of position
mn the block, it
self gradually

Position very

e stirrup stra
1 stand square
toe out, so ag
boot. Place
opposite side
| the reins as
hen gradually
ind, until! the
this sey ya}
eC blo. ke unti
lace yourself

‘mount from.
ten a young
to walk up
ecause you
your hands
rhtened, and

make a spring in order to get on to the horse’s back, but from it you can
gradually raise yourself into the saddle. When you take these pre-
cautions, there is no horse so wild but what you can mount him
without making him jump. I have tried it on the worst horses that
could be found, and have never failed in any case. When mounting,
your horse should always stand without being held. A horse is
never well broke when he has to be held with a tight rein while
mounting; and a colt is never so safe to mount, as when you see
that assurance of confidence, and absence of fear, which causes him
to stand without holding.

How to Ride the Colt.

When you want him to start do not touch him on the side with
your heel or do anything to frighten him to make him jump. But
speak to him kindly, and if he does not start, pull him a little to the
left until: he starts, and then:let:him walk off slowly with the reins
Joose. Walk him around in the stable a few times until he gets used
to the bit, and you can turn him about in every direction and stop
him as you please. It would be well to get on and off a good many
times until he gets perfectly used to it before you take him out of
‘the stable.

After you have trained himin this way, which should not take you
more than one or two hours, you can ride him anywhere you choose
without ever having him jump or make any effort to throw you. |

When you first take him out of the stable be very gentle with him,
as he will feel a little more at liberty to jump or run, and be:a little
easier frightened than he was while in the stable. But after hand.
ling him so much in the stable he will be Eade well broke, and you
will be able to. manage him without trouble or danger.

‘> When you first mount’ him take a little the shortest hold on the
left rein, so that if any thing frightens him you can prevent him
jumping by pulling his head around to you. This operation of
pulling a.horse’s head around against his side will prevent any horse

om Jumping ahead, rearing up, or running away. If he is stub-
born and will not go, you can’ make’him move by pulling his head
Around io one. side, when whipping would have no effect, And
turning him around a few times will make him dizzy, and then by

aight, and giving him a little touch with
ong without any trouble, gh

"4704 can guide the col
em, and learn him the it j

esides, martingales would prevent
if he skould tr jump.

ke him kind to
from Setting Stubborn or mad, :

The Proper way to Bit a Colt,
Farmers often put bitting harness on
buckling up the bittj

he cannot raise
sen it, but wi] bear on it al] the time, and
ave been killed: by
bitting: on, their heads being drawn: up,
i Y« Horses that
ve the bitting on
“wenty minutes at a time. t Hol
. . ee 2 : -
How to Grive a, Horse that ig very. wild, and hag any
baod cil oniil, r vd Vicious, Habits, ou Jom fli ae
Take up one fore: foot and’ bend! his kites tint hig oof is: Hottie

et
we 2 ot me ey Oop fete pe ew
a ue

wes 6
a ee ae lee ae ee a |
— a5

wf
ne
a mes |

eis a0

Payee Ue

— ae

rae Ley Ie

,

Seat

a little touch with

t ride him ; eye

n the direction in
le to change the
colt much better
1 much less time,

1s head around

wel] accustome
y d

es his h y
im, ead too
far at first as to

ce he Is a litt]e
@ him kind to

thing they do,
to make him
to run a half
nts that the
young hor,
ad dies, T
ot over it;
—n ution
only rej
that be high
‘ad, and that
1s will give
en you ean
and he will
1 gradually
arry it, ‘and
im, making

annot raise
time, and
killed: by
drawn up,
orses that
hitting on

198 any

i sit0d

s Woke,

DATE

23

upward, and merely touching his body, then slip a loop over, his
knee, and up until it comes above the pasture joint to keep it up,
being careful to draw the loop together between the hoof and pasture
joint with » second strap of some kind, to prevent the loop from
slipping down and coming off. This will leave the horse standing
on three legs ; ek can now handle him as you wish, for it is utterly
impossible for him to kick in this position. There is something in
this operation of taking up one foot that conquers a horse quicker
and better than anything else you can doto him. There is no
process in the world equal to it to break a kicking horse, for several
reasons. First, there is a principle of this kind in the nature of the
horse ; that by conquering one member, you conquer, to a great
extent, the whole horse.

You have perhaps seon men operate upon this principle by sewing
a horse’s ears together to prevent him from kicking. I once saw a
plan given in a newspaper to make a bad horse stand to be shod,
which was to fasten down one ear. There were no reasons ‘given
why you should do so; but I tried it several times, and thought it
had a good effect—though I would not recommend its use, especially
stitching his ears togetner. The only benefit arising from this
process is, that by disarranging his ears we draw his attention to
them, and he is not so apt*to’resist the shoeing. By tying up one
foot we operate on the same principle toa much better effect. When
you first fasten up a horse’s' foot he will sometimes get very mad,
and strike with his knee, and try every possible way to get it ‘down ;
but he cannot do that, and will give it up. a

This will conquer him better than anything you could do, and
without any possible dango! of hurting himself or you either, for
you can tie up his foot and sit down and look at him until he gives
up. When you find that he is conquered, go to him, let down his
foot, rub his leg with your hand, caress him and let him rest a little,
then put it up again. Repeat this a few times, always putting up
the same foot, and he will soon learn to travel on three legs'so that
you can drive him some distance. As soon as he gets a little used
to this a | of travelling, put on your harness and hitch him to a
sulky. If he is the worst kicking horse that over raised a foot, you
need not be fearful of his doing any damage while he has one foot
up, for he cannot kick, neither can he run fast enough to do any
harm. And if he is the wildest horse that ever had harness on, and
has run away every time he has been hitched, you can now hitch
him ina sulky aud drive him as you please. And if he wants to
run you can let him have the lines, and the whip too, with perfect
safety, for he cannot go but a slow gait on three legs, and will soon
be tired and willing to stop; only hold him enough to guide him in
the right direction, and he will soon be tired and willing to stop at
the word. Thus you will effectually cure him at once of any further
notion of running off. Kicking horses have always been the dread
of every body; you always hear men say, when they speak about
a bad horse, ‘*I don’t care what he does, so he don’t kick.’’ This
new method is an effectual cure for this worst of all habits. There

og

plow, wagon, or anything else in its worst shape. They may be
frightened at first, but cannot kick or do anything to hurt themselves,
and will soon find that you do not intend to hurt them, and then
they will not care anything more about it. You can then let down
the leg and drive along gently without any farther trouble. By this
new process a bad kic ing horse can be learned to 8° gentle in
harness in a few hours’ time,

On Balking.

., Horses know nothing about balking, only as they are brought into

it by improper management, and when a horse balks in harness it ig

not knowing how to ull, but seldom from any unwillingness to
perform all that he fiunlent oi High spirited; free going horseg
are the most Subject to balking, and Only so because drivers do not
Properly understand how to manage this kind. A free horse in a
team may be so anxious to g®, that when he hears the word he will
Start with a jump, which will not move the load, but give him such
& severe jerk on the shoulders that he wilj fly back and stop the

driver, till Something is broken, or he is through with his course of

from Whipping ; it is only adding fuel to fire, and will make them
more liable to bali another time. Yoy always see horses that have

“Wiel

t horse and force

on’t have any
t horses kick bo.
when they kick
harder, and this
em to hava ane

er.

rt themselves,
hem, and then
then let down
uble. By this
» ZO gentle in

brought into
Harness it is
ion, or from
ilingness to
oing horses
ivers do not
e horse in a
ord he will
é him such
nd stop the
t any cessa.
he will find
back, and
, neither of
Next will
ng of the
Course of
ipping his
1 him that
w how to
he should
wants to
sion, but
pressure
lm to act
ng him.
pull true
ke them
1at have

rattling sulk
They may P

Wisi

25

been balked a fow times, turn their heads and look back, as soon as
they are a little frustrated. This is because they have been whipped
and are afraid of what is behind them. This is. an invariable rule with
balked horses, just as much as it is for them to look around at their
aides when they have the bots; in either case they are deserving of
the same sympathy and the same kind, rational treatment,

Whenvour horse balks, or is a little excited, if he wants to start
quickly, or looks around and don’t want to go, there is something
wrong, and he needs kind treatment immediately. Caress him
kindly, and if he don’t understand at once what you want him to do,
he will not be so much excited as to jump and break things, and do
everything wrong through fear. As long as you are calm, and can
keep down the excitement of the horse, there are ten chances to
have him understand you, where there would not be one under harsh
treatment, and then the little fare up would not carry with it any
unfavorable recollections, and he would soon forget all about it, and
learn to pull true. Almost every wrong act the horse commits is
from mismanagement, fear or excitement; one harsh word will so
excite a nervous horse as to increase his pulse ten beats in a minute.

When we remember that we are dealing with dumb brutes, and
reflect how difficult it must be for them to understand our motions,
signs and language, we should never get out of patience with them
because they don’t understandius, or wonder at their doing things
wrong. With all our intellect, if we were placed in the horse’s
situation, it would be difficult for us to stand the driving of some
foreigner, of foreign ways and foreign language, We should always
recollect that our ways and language are just as foreign and unknown
to the horse as any language in the world is to us, and should try to
practice what we could understand, were we the horse, endeavoring by
some simple means to work on his understanding rather than on the
Wifferent parts of hisibody. All balked horses can be started true
and steady in a few minutes time; they are all willing to pull as
goon as they know how, and I never yet found a balked horse that I
eould not teach him to start his load in fifteen, and often less than
three mintues time.

Almost any team, when first balked, will start kindly, if, you let
them stand five or ten minutes, as though there was nothing wrong,
and then speak to them with a steady voice, and turn them a little
to the right or left, so as to get them both in motion before they feel
the pinch of the load. Butif you want to start a team that you are
not driving yourself, that has been balked, fooled, and whipped for
some time, go to them and hang the lines on their hames, or fasten
them to the wagon, so that they will be perfectly loose; make the
driver and spectators (if there is any ) stand off some distance to one
side, so as not to attract the attention of the horses; unloose their
checkreins, so that they can get their heads down, if they choose ;
let them stand a few minutes in this condition, until you can see that
they are a little composed. While they are standing you should be
about their heads, gentling them; it will make them a littie more
kind, and the spectators will think that you are doing something that

26

have: ‘but one balky horse in-a team, get as near in front of him ag
You ‘can,'and if he is too fast for the other horse, Jet his nose. come

steady them inthe collar, and you can take them where you please,
There is a quicker process that will generally start a balky horse,
but not so sure, Stand him a little ahead, so that his shoulders will
e against’ the collar, and then. take UP one of his fore feet in your
and, and let the driver start them, and when the weight: comes
against his shoulders, he wil] try to step; then let him have his foot,

half’ day for ‘that purpose. ‘Put. him by the side of some |, steady
horsé ; have: check lines on them ; tie up all the traces and straps,
SO’'that there will be nothing to excite them; do not-rein them’up,
but let ‘ther have their: heads loose, Walk them about together for

AS ‘soon as he erforms right hitch him in an empty wagon ; have it
i ble position for starting. It would be well to shorten

well, drive them Over a small hill 9 few times, and then over a large
one, occasionally adding a little load. This process will make any
Ors€ true ‘to pul),

To Break & Horse to Harness,

Take him in a tight stable, as you did to ride him; take the

t. When ou
'$ you seldom
ront of him ag

18 Nose corae

2 will go slow

ight, without
let them go;
en turn them
é them under
to the right,
/ you please,
balky horse,
houlderg will
feet in your
eight: comes
ave his foot,
horse. from
Set apart a
me Steady
and straps,
a them’up,
ogether for
d'go up to
about: him,
' you can,
never you

n ; have it
io shorten
essary he
em. Do
sely, and
ps of his
3 they go
ra large
ake any

ke the
ith the

27

them. As soon as he is familiar with the harness and line, take, him,
out and put him by the side of a ‘gentle horse, and go through the
same process that you did with the balking horse, Always use &
bridle without blinds when you are breaking a horse to harness.

How to hitch a Horse in a Sulky.

Lead him to and around it; let him look at it, touch it with his
nose, and stand by it till he does not care for it; then pull the shafts
a little to the left, and stand by your horse in front of the off wheel,
Let some. one stand on the right side of the horse, and hold him by
the bit, while you stand on the left side, facing the sulky. This, will
keep him straight... Run your left hand back and let it rest-on hig
hip, and lay hold of the ‘shafts viwere he! right, bringing them up
very. gently to the left hand, which still remains stationary. Do not
let anything but your arm touch his batk, and'‘as soon as you have
the shafts square over him, let the person on the opposite side. take
hold of one of them and lower them very gently on the shaft bearers.
Be very slow and deliberate about hitching; the Jonger time you
take the better, as a general thing. When you have the shafts
placed, shake,them slightly, so that, he. will feel them against each
side. As soon as he will bear them without scaring, fasten your
braces, etc., and start him along very slowly. Let, one'man lead:the
horse, to keep him gentle, while,the other gradually works back with
the lines till he oan; get behind and drive him. After you have
driven him in this way a short distance, you can get into the sulky,
and all.will go right. It is very important to have your, horse go

entle, when you firsthitch him. After you have walked him awhile,
there is not half so much danger of his scaring. Men do. very
wrong to jump up behind a horse to drive him as soon as they have
him hitched.. There are too many things for him to comprehend all
at once. The shafts, the lines, the harness, and the rattling of the
sulky, all tend to scare him and he mvst be made familiar with them
by degrees. If ycur horse is very wild, I would advise you to put
up one foot the first time you drive him, | fa

_, How. to make a Horse lie down.

Everything that we want to learn the horse must be commenced
in some way to give him an idea of what you want him to do, and
then be repeated till he learns it -perfectly. To make a horse lie
down, bend his left fore leg, and slip a loop over it, so that he cannot
get it down. Then put a circingle around his body; and fasten one
end of a long strap around the other fore leg, just above the hoof.
Place the other-end under the circingle, so as to keep the:strap in the
right hand‘; stand on the left side of the horse, grasp the’ bit in-your

AOCIGW OCG : 2 ery SEACLOW

28

eg

Horse follow you,

_ How to make a
Dare him into alarge atable or shed, where there is nO chance to ge
Out With a halter or bridle on i

: fo him and Sentle him a jit @
his halter and turn him 't

mon the n » Saying ina ‘steady
tone of voice as you lead him, !
istead | Y> if you’ choose, Every time you turn, touch him
slightly with the in to make him step

ie ;

Ip you about
the stable. "After YOu have given him two or three less
Stable, take him outi i

lot and train him; and from
an take him into the road an

‘i thence you
make him follow you anywhere, and
run after you, =
ih : ees .
ono ,,.itew. to make a Horse stand Withont holding, ._

Addter , t: you have him well broken to follow . OM, stand, him in the
eeaten, of the stable—-beg pe

Srnbegin iat his head to earess him, gradually
; Working backward, If he moves, give him a out with the whip and

ainst hts
§ Weigh 4
ome on
cannot
d turn

Dear against ity
lifts S Weight,
Ave to Come bn
that he cannot
ition, and turn
r shoulder, not
ten minutes he
mpletely con.
off the lisse,
face and neck
eg, and after

© leg with 9
ys he will lie

ance to pet
jim a litth ;

€ motion
ou about
is in the
once you
ere, and

29

i d, If he stands,
i i © spot from which he started, 1] elpancy
put ce ee eaaee pe tic gentling him in pee yelling
vaca oak around him without making him mare caaonalhe
you nd ki increasing your pace, and only Wg : var spe
Enlarge vs circle as you _ ok vA Boel ig Tre bal i
him another cut With the w ae addvbdteds kn ant be walk
ent a in, Dn gates "ni in one position too long ‘
des, bul she: Bis ae ts on occasionally and ig Ley bes
rag Pape * Then stand him in another place, and p
in :

hour at
before. You should not train your horse more than half an
a time.

THE HORSEMAN’s GUIDE

AND

ee ae cree

I will here insert some of the most efficient Cures of diseages to
which the horse is sub

ject. I have practised the
with unparalleled success,

remedies, which, (in many een given up in despair,
and I never had a casein which I did not e

piece

88, powder it, and put it into a pint

of cider vinegar, which Should be blood warm, give that, and then
move him as before,

Ounces tincture of
half pint of whisky

Peppermint,
+ put all in a quart bottle, shake j
drench the horse.

1t well and

Cure for the Bots.
Take one and ah
i D

alf pint of fresh milk,
pint of molasses,

rench the horse and
then give him on

(just from the cow, ) one
€ pint of linseed

bleed him jn the mouth :
oil to remove them,

For Distemper.
Take mustard g

eed ground fine,
the size of a hen’s

S &gg. Give him six pills every
they physic him ; then give him one tabl
powder mentioned before,

cold water for six hours a

onee a day, until cured. Keen
fer using the Powder,

JIDE

ED,

diseases to
any years
2 following
in despair,

n whisky ;
move him
@ a piece
to a pint
and then

her, one
permint,
vell and

W,) one
mouth ;

about
» until
horse
| from

“Gung? Fever. | :

‘_An'the first place bleed the horse severely! Give him spirits of
nitre, in water which should not bé too cold, for it would chill chim.
Keep him well covered with blankets, and rub his legs and body well ;

blister him around the chest with mustard seed, and be sure to give
him no cold water, unless there is spirits of nitre in it.

Rheumatic Liniment,

Take croton oil, aqua ammonia,

‘Rum, in equal parts. Rub well:
, Weak back.

(ova... Outs aNd Woupde-ofallkings, 0 |

One pint of aléohol, half” ounee of gum of imyrth, . half ounce
aloes, wash once a day. 9 t i Wy b ont:

f.f.f;! oil of cajuput, oil of origa-
It is good for spinal diseases and

Sprains and Swellings, |
Take one and a half ounees of hartshorn,

Ounces spirits of turpentine, four ounces swe
hol.’ Annoint twicea day.

one ounce camphor, two
et oil, eight ounces aleo-

For Glanders.

Take of burnt buck’s horn a tabl
nine days! If there is no relief in
until there is relief,

@ spoonful, every three days for
that time, continue the powder

Saddle or Collar Liniment,.

One ounce of spirits of turpentine, half ounce of oil of spike, half
ounce essence wormwood, half ounce castile soap, half ounce gum

camphor, half ounce sulphuric ether, half pint alcohol, and wash
freely.

Liniment to Set the Stifle Joint on a Horse.

One ounce oil of spike, half ounce origanum, half ounce oi! amber,

Shake it well and rub the joints twice a day until cured, which will
be in two or three days.

Eye Water.

I have. tried the following and found it an efficient remedy. I have
tried it on my own eyes and those of others.’ Take bolus muna one
ounce, whilé vitrol one ounce, alum half ounce, with one pint clear

rain water{ghake it well before using. If too strong, weaken it with
rain water: 5

4

4

32

Liniment for Windgalls, Strains and Growth of Lumps
on Man or Horse.

One ounce oil spike, half ounce origanum, half ounce amber,

ua fortis and sal amoniac one drachm, spirits of salts one drachm,
oil of sassafras half ounce, hartshorn half ounce. Bathe once or
twice a day.

Horse Powder.

This powder will cure more diseases than any other medicine
known ; such as Distemper, Fersey, Hidebound, Colds, and all lin-
ering diseases which may arise from impurity of the blood or lungs.

ake one pound comfrey root, half pound antimony, half pound
sulphur, three ounces of saltpetre, half pound laurel berries, half
pound juniper berries, half pound angetice seed, half pound rosin,
three ounces alum, half pound copperas, half pound master wort,
half pound gun powder. Mix all to a powder and give in the most
cases, one table spoonful in mash feed once a day till cured. Keep
the horse dry, and keep him from the cold water six hours after
using it.

For Cuts or Wounds on Horse or Man.

Take fishworms mashed up with old bacon oil, and tie on the
wound, which is the surest and safest cure.

Oil for Collars.

This oil will also cure bruises, sores, swellings, strains or galls:
Take fishworms and put them in a crock or other vessel twenty-four
hours, till they become clean; then put them in a bottle and throw
plenty of salt upon them, place them near a stove and they will turn
to oil; rub the parts affected freely. Ihave cured knee-sprung horses
with this oil frequently.

Sore and Scummed Hyes on Horses.

Take fresh butter or rabbit’s fat, honey, and the white of three
eggs, well stirred up with ralt and black pepper ground toa fine pow-
der; mix it well and apply to the eye with a feather. Also rub above
the eye (in the hollow,) with the salve. Wash freely with cold
spring water.

For a Bruised Eye.

Take rabbit's fat; and use as above directed. Bathe freely With
fresh spring water, I haye cured many bloodshot eyes with this
simple remedy. =e

a EE SS illite

f Lumps

ce amber,
ne drachm,
1@ once or

r medicine
ind all lin-
d or lungs.
half pound
rries, half
und rosin,
ister wort,
n the most
ed. Keep
ours after

ie on the

or galls:
renty-four
ind throw
will turn
ng horses

of three
fine pow-
ub above
with cold

ely With
with this

33
Poll-Evil or Fistula.

Take of Spanish flies one ounce, gum euphorbium three drachms,
tartar emetic one ounce, rosin three ounces; mix and pulverize, and
then mix them with a half pound of lard. Annoint every three days
for three weeks ; grease the parts affected with lard every four days.
Wash with soap and water Before using the salve. In poll-evil, if
open, pulverize Black bottle glass, put ag much in each ear as will lay
onadime. The above is recommended in outside callous, such as
spavin, ringbone, curbs, windgalls, etc., etc.

For the Fersey.

Take one quart of sassafras root bark, one quart burdock root,
spice wood broke fine, one pint rattle weed root. Boil in one and a
half gallons of water; scald bran; when cool ive it to the horse
once a day for three or four days. Then bleed him in the neck and
give him the horse powder as directed. In extreme cases, I also
rowel in the breast and hind legs, to extract the corruption and

remove the swelling, This is also an efficient remedy for blood dis-
eases, etc., etc,

To make the Hair Grow on Man or Beast.

Take milk of sulphur half drachm, sugar of lead half drachm,
rose water half gill, mix and bathe well twice a day for ten days,

Cholera or Diarrhoea Tincture.
One ounce of laudanum, one ounce of spirits of camphor, one
ounce of spirits of nitre, half ounce essence of peppermint, twent
drops of chloroform ; put all in a bottle, shake well, and take ha

teaspoonful in cold water once every six, twelve and twenty-four
hours, according to the nature of the case,

_ Cure for the Heaves,

Give thirty grains of tartar emetic every week until cured.

THE SEORET

SUBDUING WILD HORSES

OTHER WILD ANIMALS.

This wonderful art, founded upon a system of philosophy, is infal-
lable and universal in its application, and extends to all the animal
kingdom. In regard to the hire, it consists in convincing him that
you are his superior, and you have absolute power over hich, The
system is somewhat akin to anima) magnetism in its effect, but the
process is widely different,

The process of Taming a very Wild Horse, which was
never handled,

This consists, first b charming him by a powder, which is obtained
by taking the button from the horses knee ; by which I mean the
horny substance growing on the inside, or rather, on the back part of
a horses legs, below the knee, behind and above it, before, Dry this
substance and pulverize it ; put a small quantity into a quill and blow
ti into his nostrils; in a few minutes it will operate, and cause him
to follow you, or permit you to handle his feet, or get upon his back,
Thus, with perfect ease, may a wild and vicious animal become gentle
and harmless.

Process of causing a Horse to lay down.

Approach him gently upon the left side, fasten a strap around the
ancle of his fore-foot; then raise the foot gently, so as to bring the
knee against the breast and the foot against the belly, The leg being
in this position, fasten the strap around his arm, which will effectu-
ally prevent him from putting that foot to the ground again. Then
fasten astrap around the opposite leg, and bwing it over his shoulder,

a

‘SES

’, is infal-
ie animal
him that
m. The

but the

ch was

obtained
ean’ the
< part of
Dry this
ind blow
use him
1is back,
e gentle

und the
ing the
g being
eifectu-

Then
oulder,

35

on the left side, so that you can catch hold of it; then push these
gently, and when he goes to fall, pull the strap, which will bring him
on his knees,

Now commence patting him under the belly; by continuing your
gentle strokes upon the belly, you will, in .a few mintités, bring hith
to his knees behind. © Continue the process, ‘and /he'will lie @ irély
down, and submit himself wholly to your treatment. By thus pro-

ceeding gently, you may handlé his feet and legs in any way you
ohoose.

However wild and fractious a horse may be naturally, after prac-
ticing this process a few times, you will find him erfectly gentle and
submissive, and even disposed to follow you anywhere, and unwilling
to leave you on any occasion.

Unless the horse be wild, the first treatment will be all sufficient ;
but should he be’ too fractious to be approached in a manner netes-
sary to perform the first named operation, you must contrive to get
the powder into his nostrils, this you will find effectual, and you
may then train your horse to harness or anything else with the
utmost ease.

In breaking horses for harness, after giving the powders, put the

harness on gently, without startling him, and pat ie gently, then
fasten the chain to a log, which he wil! draw for an indefinite length
of time. When you find him sufficiently gentle, place him to a
wagon or other vehicle. :
- Notz.—Be extremely careful in catching a horse, not to affright him.
After he is caught, and the powders given, rub him gently on the
head, neck, hak and legs, and on each side of the eyes, the way the
hair lies, but be very careful not to whip, for a young horse is equally
passionate with yourself, and this pernicious practice has ruined
many fine and valuable horses. When you are riding a colt (or
even an old horse, ) do not whip himif he scares, but draw the bri le,
so that his eye may rest upon the object which has affrighted him,
and pat him upon the neck as you approxch it; by this means you
will pacify him, and render him less liable to start in future.

Means of Learning a Horse to Pace.

~ Buckle a four pound weight around the ankles of his hind legs,
(lead is preferable) ride your horse briskly with those weights upon
his ankles, at the same time. twitching each rein of the bridle alter-
nately, by this means you will immediately throw him into a pace,
After you have trained him in this way to some extent, change your
leaded weights for something lighter; leather padding, or something
equal to it, will answer the purpose ; let him wear these light weights
until he is perfectly trained. This process will make a smooth and
easy pacer of any horse,

Horsemanship,

The rider should, in the first place, let the horse know that he ig
not afraid of him. Before mounting a horse, take the rein into the

36

left hand, draw it tightly, put the left foot! in the stirrup, and raise
quickly. When you are seated, press your knees to the saddle, let
your leg, from the knee, stand out; turn your toe in ,and heel out;
sit upright in your saddle, throw your weight forward—one third of
it in the stirrups—and hold your rein tight. Should your horse
Scare, you are braced in your saddle, and he cannot throw you.

Indication of a Horse’s Disposition.

A long thin neck indicates a good disposition, contrariwise, if it be
short and thick, .A broad forehead, high between the ears, indicates
a very vicious disposition.

¢

Cures, &c,

Cure for the Founder.—Let one and half gallons of blood from the
neck vein, make frequent applications of hot water to his forelegs;
after which, bathe them in wet cloths, then give one quart of linseed
oil. The horse will be ready for service the next day.

Botts.—Mix one pint honey with one quart sweet milk, give as
drench, one hour after, dissolye one ounce pulverized coperas in a
pint of water, use likewise, then give one quart of linseed oil, Cure
effectual,

Colic.— After bleeding copiously in the mouth, take a half pound
of raw cotton, wrap it around a coal of fire in such a way as to
exclude the air; when it begins to smoke, hold it under the horse’s
nose until he becomes easy. Cure certain in ten minutes.

Distemper.—Take one and a half gallons blood from the neck vein,
Then give a dose of sassafras oil; one and a half ounces is sufficient,
Cure speedy and certain.

Fisiula..—When it makes its appearance, rowel both sides of the
shoulder ; if it should break, take one ounce virdigris, one ounce
oil faite One ounce copperas, pulverize and mix together. Use itas
‘a salve.

Receipt for Bone Spavin or Ring-Bone.

Take a tablespoonful of corrosive sublimate ; quicksilver about
the size of a bean; three or four drops of muriatic acid; iodine about
the size of a pea, and lard enough to form a naste ; grind the iodine
and sublimate. fine as flour, and put altegether in a cup, mix well,
then shear the hair all off the size you want; wash clean with soap-
suds, rub dry, then apply the medicine... Let it Stay on five days;
if it does not take effect, take it off, mix it over with a little more
lard, and add some fresh medicine. When the lump comes out, wash
it clean in soap-suds, then apply a poultice of cow-dung, leave it on
twelve-hours, ‘then apply healing medicine,

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