A CONSPECTUS BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. «tc, &c. &c. U PLAN OF THE WORK. Till the task is performed by some person more competent than I can have any pretensions to be, this little volume is intended to assist those who study insects philosophically, in ascertaining the species of our native butterflies and moths; while it may be useful also to those employed in the subordinate pursuits of making collections either for profit, or as innocent and pretty toys. In order to render the descriptions plain, I have avoided as much as possible the use of tenns not intel¬ ligible to a general reader, deeming it an outrage upon common sense, to invite a student to a museum filled with the most beautiful productions of Creative Wisdom, and at the same time taking some pains to fill the rooms with smoke before he is introduced, with set purpose to blind him and cause him to stumble. Though this may appear preposterous enough, it has long been the pre¬ vailing fashion, particularly in Natural History, which was in consequence for many years rendered unpopu¬ lar, and has been thrown immeasurably behind in the PLAN OF THE WORK. rapid progress recently made in other branches of know¬ ledge, naturalists having obviously acquired an artifi¬ cial taste for the smoke. The chief glory of our modern naturalists appears to be the discovery of species, which, to use their cant phrases, may be “ new to science,^' or “ an addition to the British Fauna, —the term Fauna being generally and most inaccurately applied to fishes, shells, and other productions, of a certainty not under the dominion of the goddess of the woods and fields; no more than mushrooms and sea-weeds, which have no flower, are under the dominion of Flora. The tenn Kingdom, in the phrase animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdom, together with Tribes,Families, and the like, is founded on quaint and inaccurate fancies of the same kind, which would not be tolerated in any other branch of science or literature. In describing species, either well known or “ neio to our Fauna,'’ or “ our Flora,” the current style, mis¬ named scientific, may be fairly characterised as a uniform tissue of pedantic barbarisms, devised, it would appear, not for the diffusion, but the conceal¬ ment of knowledge. If the descriptions affect to be in English,, the language employed is most assuredly not English. Thus we have ^‘■Jlavous” and luteous” for “ yellow,” “ griseous ” for grey, fuscous ” for “ dusky while similar words are not only compounded with Latin derivatives, as “ Ochraceous-fuscous,” meaning, I con¬ jecture, “ dusky-buff,” but with plain English, such as PLAN OF THE WORK. vii “ castac€ous~red,^' “ hoary-griseous^' “ griseous-rosy” rmty-testaceom,^^ and numerous others, equally offen¬ sive to good sense and correct taste. We meet also with such phrases as “ a very obsolete spot,” “ a ciner- ascent striga totally obliterated,” the meaning of which I do not pretend to be able to decypher, as my eyes are not acute enough to perceive what is “obsolete” or “ totally obliterated,” much less to see its colour. If I had room I could exemplify this in many other things than colour—such as “ strigated ” for “ streaked besides the use of Latin words innumerable, without alteration, where English words would be more expres¬ sive. But with all this affectation of mongrel Latin so bar¬ barously mixed up with English, the writers seem to have but a very scanty knowledge of Latin itself; for when the descriptions pretend to be in Latin, all grammar is set at defiance, and it is no more Latin than the other is English, it being no very uncommon occun-ence to meet with such phrases as “aci stigrmtibus fiams” “ litwfa interjecto,” ^‘puncto ocellaris,” “ stigmd antica” “ stigmata sitce and similar ungrammatical language, such as would not even have been blundered upon by a schoolboy. Science can never be benefitted by terms and lan¬ guage of this sort, while it is out of all question thereby degraded and confined to a narrow circle, beyond which it can only be extended by simple terms and plain Ian- PLAN OF THE WORK. guage, such as are used in other departments of human knowledge. In consequence of the materials which I was obliged to use, I have not succeeded altogether according to my wishes, in simplifying the following descriptions; but I trust there are so few of the stumbling blocks left, that the student may easily surmount them. The groundwork of the description of British but¬ terflies and moths was first laid by Mr. Haworth, who has certainly not been surpassed in minute accuracy by any of his followers, most of whom have borrowed largely from him without acknowledgment. I owe him my best thanks for the loan of the third part of his valuable work, (now out of print, and very scarce,) which he most liberally granted through the medium of my friend Mr. Loudon, the distinguished author of what I always call the miraculous “ Encyclopaedia of Plants.” The materials taken from this part are uniformly marked by inverted commas; but I deem it due to the author to state, that even where these marks do not occur, by far the larger portion of this little volume is a free translation from his Latin. Next to Mr. Haworth, I have been indebted to the works of Mr. Stephens, more particularly his “ Syste¬ matic Catalogue,” the names and order of which I have, with a few exceptions, implicitly followed; and I cannot too strongly recommend every person engaged in the study of British insects to procure a copy of this PLAN OF THE WORK. ix very useful book. I have ventured to give names dif¬ ferent from his, to the greater divisions of the Moths, not that mine are unobjectionable, though they do not, I hope, involve the Hibemian discrepancy of including day-flying species under a night-flying division, as M. Latreille’s certainly do,—one of the beauties, I suppose of what is falsely called the natural system. The work of Mr. Curtis is also highly valuable, from the accuracy of the engravings and the novelty of the subjects, of which I have taken occasional advantage as I proceeded. In all cases when I either possessed specimens, or had access to them, I have not failed to compare the descriptions of authors with the insect itself, in order to arrive at as much accuracy as possible ; and though I am far from thinking that I have fallen into no errors, I trust such as may be discovered will be found trivial in comparison with the utility at which I have aimed. I shall take it very kindly if lists of any such eiTors, or information connected with the subject of this, or my other projected volumes, be sent to me, free of expense, to the publisher’s. In pursuance of my plan of publishing cheap and comprehensive pocket volumes like the present, lam already considerably advanced with the “ Conspectus of Botany,” that of “ Birds,” and that of “ Two-winged PLAN OF THE WORK. Flies,” whicli will be accompanied with “ Alphabets for Beginners,” uniform with the “ Alphabet of In¬ sects.” I have also for many years been collecting from ob¬ servations in the fields, as well as from reading, the most interesting facts connected with tlie manners and eco¬ nomy of our native animals; and relative to those described in this little Work, I have already materials for a small volume, which I intend to arrange for pub¬ lication under the title of “ Biography of British But¬ terflies and Moths.” JAMES RENNIE. Leef Kent, \0th June, 1832. SYSTEMATIC TABLE OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. LEPIDOPTERA (Linn^us). Insects with four membranaceous ribbed or veiny wings clothed on both sides with minute scales, like meal or powder, placed like slates or tiles, and easily rubbed off. Mouth, with a spiral hollow sucker (hamtellum) placed between two palpi clothed with hairs or scales ; the body hairy; the corselet with a tippet (tegula) on each side ; foot (^tarsus) with five joints ; the antennm with a great number of joints. Divided into I. Butterflies; ii. Moths. I. BUTTERFLIES (Papiliones, Scheiffeemuller). Antennae, diverging at a considerable angle from the base, thickest towards the tip, which is either rounded in the form of a club, or flattish and ending in a hook or bristle ; wings, when at rest, mostly erect and destitute of any bridle to retain the upper pair in their place. Divided into 1. PapilionidjE ; 2. Nymphalid^e ; 3. Lyc^nidae ; 4. Hesperid^. II. MOTHS (Phal;en^, Ray, not Linn^us). Antenna more or less tapering; wings, during repose, horizontal SYSTEMATIC TABLE or deflected, with a bridle formed of a horny bristle, or a bundle of hairs from the under pair, through a fold or ring to the upper pair, which are thus kept in their position. Divided into 1. SpniNGiNA ; 2. Bombycina ; 2. Noctuina; 4. Geo- METRINA ; 5. ToRTRICINA. BUTTERFLIES (Papiliones) Divided into 1. pAPiLioNir>«, with the fore legs long, and the tips of the antennas without any hook . . .1 2. Hespehid*, with the fore legs long, and the tips of the antennae with a hook . . . . 20 3. Nymphalid«, with the fore legs somewhat short, and the claws of moderate size, forked or with only one nail . . . . .5 4. Lycenida:, with the fore legs somewhat short, and the claws minute and not forked . . 14 PAPILIONIDM (Leach). Antennce with the club-shaped tip, in some flattish, and in no case with any hook ; legs long with claws, in some forked, in others not; hinder shanks (^tihia) with a single pair of spurs ; under wings with groove or scollop to receive the abdomen ; all the wings erect during repose . 1 Divided into 1. Papilio, with the clubbed tips of the antennae longish and not flattish, and the under wings not angular . 1 2. Gon'epteryx, with the clubbed tips of the antennae short and not flattish, and the under wings angular . 1 3. CoLiAS, with the clubbed tips of the antennae not flattish and the under wings roundish, with a groove to receive the abdomen . . . .2 4. PtERrs, with the clubbed tips of the antennae flattish, and the wings sparingly covered with scales and somewhat translucent . . . . .5 OF BUTTERFLIES. xiii 5. PoNTiA, with the clubbed tips of the antennae flattish, ' and the wings plentifully covered with scales, the upper ^ wings with three corners, the_under_wings_llOt xariegated / beneath . . - - ^ ^ . 3 6. Mancipium, with the clubbed tips of the antennae flattish, and die wings plentifully clothed with scales, the upper wings distinctly round at the tip, the under wings variegated beneath . . . .4 7. Leucophasia, with the clubbed tip of the antennae flattish, and the wings plentifully covered with scales, the upper wings somewhat oval NYMPHALtDJE (Swainson). Antenna with the club-shaped tip in some very flat, in others without any hook at the tip ; fore Legs in both sexes somewhat short, the hind legs long, in some with forked claws, in others with only one nail; under wings with a groove to receive the abdomen . . 5 Divided into 1. Nesieobius, with the clubbed tips of the antennae abrupt, the eyes naked; the palpi very short . 5 2. Melita;a, with the clubbed tips of the antennae ab¬ rupt, the eyes naked, the palpi longer than the head, and the under palpi very hairy . . .5 3. Argynnis, with the clubbed tips of the antennae ab¬ rupt, the eyes naked, palpi longer than the head, and the under palpi scarely hairy . . .7 4. Comma, with the clubbed tips of the antennae abrupt, the palpi with scales and few hairs : the upper wings narrow, with a waved border, the under wings indented with a distinct tail . , . .8 5. Vanessa, with the clubbed tips of the antennae ab¬ rupt, the eyes downy, palpi hairy with few scales, and the upper wings angular, the under wings with a short tail . 8 6. Amiralis, with the clubbed tips of the antennae abrupt, the eyes downy, palpi with a few hairs, thickly clothed with scales, the upper wings angulari the under wings round, indented, and without any tail .10 SYSTEMATIC TABLE xiv 7. Cynthia, with the clubbed tips of the antennae ab¬ rupt, the eyes downy, and the upper wings not angular . 10 8. Apatura, with the antennae gradually thicker, and the clubbed tips straight; the eyes naked . .11 9. Limenitis, with the antennae gradually thicker, the clubbed tips straight, the eyes hairy . ' .11 10. Hipparchia, with the antennae gradually thicker, and the clubbed tips more or less curved . .12 LYCJENIDJE (Leach). Aniennte, with the club-shaped tip in some flattish, in others not having a minute hook at the tip ; foi-e legs rather short; hinder shanks with a single pair of spurs at the points; under wings with a groove to receive the abdo¬ men . . . , .14 Divided into 1. Thecla, with the clubbed tips of the antennas not fiat, and the eyes downy . . 14 2. Lyc«na, with the clubbed tips of the antenna; not flat, and the eyes naked . . .16 3. PoLYOMMATUS, with the clubbed tips of the antennae flattish . . . . .17 HESPERIDJE (Swainson). Antennw, with the clubbed tip spindle-shaped in most instances, with a hook at the point; legs long; hinder shanks with two pairs of spurs, one pair in the middle and one at the point; claws very small; under wings with a groove to receive the abdomen . . .20 Divided into 1. Thymele, with the clubbed tip of the antennae cuiYed inwards . . . . .20 2. Pamphila, with the clubbed tip of the antennae straight or very slightly curved . . .20 OF MOTHS. XV MOTEIS (Phalen^e, Ray). Divided into I. SPHINGIXA (Rennie). Anieniiie tapering into a club, in form of a prism or of a spindle, sometimes pectinated or serrated, and often with a tuft of hair or scales at the tip ; wings horizontal, in many transparent, with few or no scales on the disc, the first pair much the longest; tail sometimes in form of a brush . . *22 Divided into 1. Zyga;nid« ; 2. Sphingida; ; 3. Sesiida ; 4. ^ge- Riin£. II. BOMBYCINA (Rennie). Antenna more or less fringed or serrated, particularly in the males ; palpi round and short; jaws and tongue very short (in some wanting), and not spiral; wings undivided and with three corners ; body large,; tail frequently woolly . . 29 Divided into 1. Hepialid^: ; 2. Notodontidje ; 3. Boubycidx. ; 4. AncTiiDiE. III. NOCTUINA (Rennie). Antenna in the males fringed, and in a few pectinated or serrated ; palpi flattish with the second joint large, and the tip short; jaws in most long and never wanting ; wings undivided, somewhat three cornered, in most deflected or incumbent, in some horizontal; corselet frequently with a crest; tail in the males tufted . . . . 46 Divided into 1. LmiosiiD®; 2. Noctuid.e. IV. GEOMETRINA (Rennie). Antenme either pec¬ tinated or plain; palpi short, roundish, generally with three joints; jaws short and membranaceous, sometimes wanting ; wings large, undivided and horizontal, or nearly so, during repose ; corselet velvety or scaly, never crested or tufted ; tail of the male with a small tuft. . 101 XVi SYSTEMATIC TABLE Divided into 1 . Geometrida; ; 2. Platyptericida; ; 3 . Pybalida;. V. TORTRICINA (Rennie), either distant or near at the base, in some very long, often pectinated or bearded in the males ; palpi rounded, velvety or scaly ; wings entire in some, divided in others . , 155 Divided into 1 . Tortricida;; 2 . Yponomeutiba; ; 3 . Tineida j 4 . Alucitida. SPHINGINA (Rennie). Divided into, 1. Zi’GANiDA, with the antennce spindle-shaped, with¬ out a bundle of scales at the tip j palpi long; abdomen ending in a small tuft; wings covered with powdery scales . . . . * 22 2 . Sphingida, with the antennx prism-shaped, tipped with a scaly bristle, or naked ; palpi short; abdomen not ending in a tuft . . • • 23 3 . Sessiida, with the antennee prism-shaped, having a slight hook and a slanting scaly projection at the tip; palpi short; abdomen ending in a tuft . . 25 4 . ^GERiiDA, with the antennae spindle-shaped, and tipped with a plume of scales; palpi long; eyelets two very minute behind the antennae; abdomen ending in a tuft; wings most frequently transparent. 27 ZYGJENIDM (Leach). Divided into 1. Ino, with the antennas either doubly pectinated, or simple and not curved . . . . 22 2 . Anthrocera, with the antennae having an abruptly curving club at the tip ... 22 OF MOTHS. xvii SPHINQIDJE (Leach). Divided into 1. Smerinthus, with the wings more or less irregular or indented . . . . . 23 2. Acherontia, with the wings entire and acute; the jaws short. . . . . *24 3. Sphinx, with the wings entire and acute ; the jaws longish ; and the antennae not clubbed at the tip . 24 4. Deilephila, with the wings entire and acute; the jaws longish 5 and the antennae clubbed at the tip . 25 SESSIIDJE (Stephens). Divided into 1. Macroglossa, with the wings clothed with scales and opaque. . . . .26 2. Sesia, with the wings naked and their disc trans¬ parent. . . . . . 27 MGERTIDM (Stephens). Divided into 1. Trochilivm, with the jaws very short, and the an- tenn® shortish . . . *27 2 . A",g£kia, with the jaws and aintenn® longish . 27 BOMBYCINA (Rennie.) Divided into 1. Hepiaeid/e, with the jutes wanting, and the antennee in form of a necklace, or bristle-shaped . . 29 2. B 0 MBYCID.E, with the Jaros wanting, and the antenna for the most part doubly pectincate . . 36 3. Notodontid^, with jaws more or less obvious but very short . . . .30 4. Arctiid®, with thejaws more or less obvious, short, g^nd somewhat membranaceous. . . .39 HEFIALIDJE (Stephens). Divided into 1 . Hepialus, with the antenna somewhat thread-like and much shorter than the corselet . . 26 SYSTEMATIC TABLE 2, Cossus, with the antennae bristle-shaped, as long as the coi-selet, with the tip indented on the inside . 30 3. Zeuzera, with the anlennae bristle-shaped, as long as the corselet, with the tip not indented . . 30 NOTODONTIDjE (Stephens). Divided into, 1. Pygxra, with the corselet crested, the wings denti¬ culated . . • . . 30 2. Clostera, with the corselet orested; the wings entire; the antennae short and curved . . . 31 3. Episema, with the corselet crested; the wings entire; the antennae somewhat longish and straight . .31 4. Cerura, with the* corselet not crested; the wings longish and somewhat translucent . . . 31 5. Petasia, with the corselet not crested; the wings longish, opaque, with the scales not elevated . 35 6 . Stauropus, with the corselet not crested; the wings longish, opaque, with the scales elevated . . 33 ■ 7. Endromis, with the corselet not crested ; the wings short, broad, and somewhat triangular . .36 8. Ptieophora, with the wings hairy, and entire at the tip . . • .* , ■ 1 9. Peridea, with the wings scaly, entire at the tip and somewhat translucent . . ‘i • j 10. Chaonia, with the wings scaly, entire at the tip and opaque . . . • , V •' 11. Notodonta, with the corselet not crested ; the tip of the wings more or less denticulated, having one indenta¬ tion on the back, first pair slightly long with the tip blunt . . • j* . • c 12. Leiocampa, with the corselet not crested ; the tip or the wings more or less denticulated, and having one indentation on the back, first pair longish with the tip rather acute . i . ’ i. • r 13. Lophopteryx, with the corselet crested; the tip ot the wings more or less denticulated, and having one in¬ dentation on the back . • ‘ 14. Peerostoma, with the tip of the wings more or less denticulated, having two indentations on the back . 35 OF MOTHS. xix B 0,MB YC YDJE (Stephens) . Divided into 1 . AcLAiir, with the second pair of wings entire,—all with eyed spots ; each joint of the antennse being singly branched or toothed . • • • 2. Sathrnia, with the second pair of wings entire,— all with eyed spots ; each joint of the antennae being doubly branched or toothed . • • . • 3 . PaciLOCAMPA, with the second pair of wings entire, —all without eyed spots ; the first pair somewhat translu¬ cent, and longish with no central spot 4. Eriogasteb, with the second pair of wings entire,— all without eyed spots; the first pair somewhat translucent, and longish, with a central white spot . _ . . 5. Lasiocampa, with the second pair of wings entire,— all without eyed spots; opaque and somewhat shortish, posteriorly rounded; the tail slightly hairy 6 . Trichiura, with the second pair of wings entire,— all without eyed spots ; opaque and somewhat shortish, posteriorly rounded; the tail very hairy; the antennae straight . . • 7. Cnethocampa, with the second pair of wings entire, —all without eyed spots, opaque and somewhat shortish, posteriorly rounded; the tail very hairy; the antennae somewhat curved .... 8 . Clisiocampa, with the second pair of wings entire,— all without eyed spots; opaque, somewhat shortish, poste¬ riorly somewhat abrupt and rather acute 9. Eutricha, with the second pair of wings more or less denticulated ; the palpi rather short 10. OnoNESTis, with the second pair of wings more or less denticulated ; the palpi longish; the first pair of wings entire . • • • • • 11. Gastropacha, with the second pair of wings more or less denticulated; the palpi longish ; the first pair of wings indented .... b 2 36 36 38 37 37 38 38 39 39 39 XX SYSTEMATIC TABLE ARCTIIDJE (Leach). Divided into PAGE 1. Fumea, with the jaws indistinct; the wings not scaly, more or less translucent, rounded and very hairy . 44 2. Psyche, with the jaws indistinct; the wings not scaly, more or less translucent, longish and rather acute . 44 3. Penthophera, with the jaws indistinct; the wings more or less translucent, and clothed with minute scattered scales. ... . . .44 4. Hypogymna, with the jaws indistinct; the wings opaque and thickly scaled: the antennse pectinated or fringed ; the fore feet slightly hairy, and rather slender; the first joint of the palpi minute . . . 39 5. PsiLURA, with the jaws indistinct; the wings opaque and thickly scaled ; the antenn® pectinated or fringed ; the fore feet slightly hairy and rather slender; and the first joint of the palpi longish and clubbed . . 40 6 . Pasychira, with the jaws indistinct; the wings opaque and thickly scaled; the antenn® pectinated or fringed ; the fore feet very hairy and thick ; and the wings longish . . . . .40 7. Orgyia, with the jaws indistinct; the wings opaque and thickly scaled; the antenn® pectinated or fringed ; the fore feet very hairy and thick ; the wings shortish, trian¬ gular, and wanting in the female . . . 41 8 . Heterogena, with the jaws indistinct; the wings more or less opaque and thickly scaled; the antenn® simple; the wings triangular and posteriorly somewhat abrupt . 45 9. Limacodes, with the jaws indistinct; the wings opaque and thickly scaled; the antenn® simple ; the wings longish and posteriorly rounded, . . 45 10. CoEocASiA, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer than the head; the wings opaque and thickly scaled ; the corselet crested . . , .40 11. Arctia, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer than the head ; the wings opaque and thickly scaled ; the corselet not crested; the body ringed or spotted ; the first joint of the palpi longer than the second, and third joint rather acute . . . .42 OF MOTHS. 12. Spilosoma, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer than the head; the wings opaque and thickly- scaled ; the corselet not crested; the body ringed or spotted ; the first joint of the palpi longer than the second, and the third joint short and oval . . .43 13. Eitthemonia, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer than the head; the wings opaque and thickly . scaled; the corselet not crested; the body ringed or spotted ; the first joint of the palpi shorter than the second, and the third joint cylindrical . . .42 14. Nemeophila, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer than the head j the wings opaque and thickly scaled; the corselet not crested; the body ringed or spotted ; the first joint of the palpi shorter than the.second, and the third globose . . . .43 15. PoRTHEsiA, with the jaws distinct and sliglrtly longer than the head ; the corselet not crested j the body not spotted, but crested at the tip . . .41 16. Lmlja, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer than the head; the wings more or less translucent, and thinly clothed with a few scales; the body not spotted; the palpi longish and very hairy . . .41 17. Leucoma, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer than the head; the wings more or less translucent, and thinly clothed with a few scales; the body spotted; the palpi shortish and acute . . .41 18. PirEAGMATOBiA, with thejoints distinct and slightly longer than the head; the wings more or less translu¬ cent, and thinly clothed with a few scales; the body spotted; the palpi scarcely distinct, and hairy . 43 19 . Diaphora, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer than the head ; the wings more or less translucent, and thinly clothed with a few scales; the body spotted; palpi distinct and scaly . . .44 20. Hypercampa, with the jaws much longer than the head ; the wings thickly clothed with scales . 42 21. Nudaria, with the jaws much longer than the head; the wings translucent and hairy . . .45 xxil SYSTExMATIC TABLE NOCTUINA (Rennie.) Divided into PAGE 1. Lithosiid®, with the wings veiy long, most fre¬ quently convoluted ; and the palpi cylindrical . 46 2. NocTuiDiE, with the wings slightly longish, not con¬ voluted} and the pa/pi somewhat flat . . 48 LITHOSIIDM (Stephens). Divided into 1. Eulepia, with the first pair of wings oblong and somewhat elliptically abrupt; the palpi three-jointed; the jaws rather longer than the head . . 4g 2. Deipeia, with the first pair of wings oblong and somewhat elliptically abrupt, the palpi three-jointed ; the jaws much longer than the head; the second pair of wings somewhat translucent . . -46 3 . Gnophria, with the first pair of wings oblong and somewhat elliptically abrupt; the palpi three-jointed; the j«.ws much longer than the head ; the second pair of wings opaque . . _ . *48 4. Lithosia, with the first pair of wings oblong and somewhat elliptically abrupt; the palpi two-jointed . 4 q 5. Settna, with the first pair of wings somewhat three- cornered and not abrupt; the palpi three-jointed, and having the third joint much shorter than the second . 43 6. Callimorpha, with the first pair of wings somewhat three-cornered, not abrupt; the palpi three-jointed, and having the third joint nearly equal to the second . 45 NOCTUIDM (Stephens). Divided into 1. Pyrophila, with the body more or less flat; the wings incumbent, and the first pair with the hinder margin entire ; the corselet not crested; the palpi recurved . 63 2. Agrotis, with the body more or less flat; the first pair of wings with the hinder margin entire, and having three stigmata; the corselet not crested; the palpi not recurved . . . .60 OF MOTHS. xxiii PAGE 3. Triph^ena, -with the body more or less flat; the first pair of wings with the hinder margin entire, and having two stigmata; the corselet not crested ; the palpi not recurved • • • .48 4. Actebia, with the body more or less flat; the first pair of wings narrow, shining, and green; the corselet somewhat crested; the palpi not longish, recurved, nor beak-shaped . • • .74 5. Xylina, with the body more or less fiat; the first pair of wings narrow, dull, wood-coloured; the corselet somewhat crested; the palpi not longish, recurved, nor beak-shaped . • • .63 6. Gl«a, with the body more or less flat; the first pair of wings somewhat broad; the corselet woolly, transverse, and notlobed . . • .62 7. Amphipyra, with the body more or less flat; the wings incumbent, the first pair with the hinder margin notched or indented ; the corselet not crested _ . 63 8. Xainia, with the body more or less flat; the wings incumbent, the first pair notched ; the palpi longish and recurved; the corselet strongly crested . . 63 9. Calocampa, with the body more or less flat; the first pair of wings notched ; the palpi short; the corselet somewhat crested, distinctly square and posteriorly lobed . 65 10. ScAEiopTERYx, with the body more or less flat; the wings deflexed, the first pair tooth-notched 11. Eriopus, with the body more or less flat; and the first pair of wings slightly notched . .81 12. Euplexia, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings with the hinder margin slightly notched, folded lengthwise during repose ; the second pair entire . 71 13. Phlogophora, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings with ragged teeth ; the second pair entire . 89 14. Plusia, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings acute, and more or less marked with metallic cha¬ racters ; the corselet crested ; the palpi ascending . 93 16. Dypterygia, with the body not flat; the wings incumbent, the first pair not folded, and having no metallic marks ; the corselet with a forked crest . .63 16. Calot®nia, with the body not flat; the wings xxiv sySTEMATIC TABLE deflexed and banded with green ; the porsclet with a forked crest . . . . .93 17. Thachea, with the body not flat; the wings broad and very slightly notched ; the corselet with a forked crest; the palpi short, projecting forward, with the last joint strongly distinct . . . . 74 18. PoLiA, with the body not flat; the wings longish and spear-shaped ; the corselet with a forked crest; the palpi short, projecting forwards, with the last joint strongly distinct . . . . . 76 19. Hama, with the body not flat; the corselet without a forked crest . . .' . .71 20. Mamestra, with the body not ‘flat; the palpi with the last joint almost concealed . . .69 21. Heliophobus, with the body not flat; the corselet somewhat crested; the antennae (in the male) pectinated; the jaws short . . . . 69 22. Chahjeas, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings having the hinder margin somewhat hooked; the jaws longish ; the palpi ascending . .50 23. Valeria, with the body not flat; all the wings narrowish, the hinder inargin indented, the first pair poste¬ riorly rounded; the corselet slightly hooded, with an un¬ divided crest; the antennse in both sexes pectinated , 74 24. Miselia, with the body not flat; all the wings narrowish, the first pair posteriorly rounded ; the antenna simple or slightly serrated . . .75 25. XvLOPHAsrA, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings with the hinder margin somewhat abrupt . 65 26. Nonagria, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings with the hinder margin indistinctly notched, and somewhat abrupt; the corselet with an undivided crest and hooded . . , . .86 27. Chariclea, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings with the hinder margin indistinctly notched, and somewhat hooked; the corselet with an undivided crest and hooded . , . . .92 28. Cuculha, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings indented, long, narrow, and acutely spear-shaped ; the corselet with an undivided crest and anteriorly hooded 89 OF MOTHS. XXV PAGB 29. Abrostola, .with the body not flat; the first pair of wings indented and acute ; the corselet with a forked crest j the palpi longish, somewhat slender and ascend¬ ing . . . ,92 30. Apamea, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings indented and acute ; the corselet with a forked crest; the palpi projecting forward, of moderate lengthy and somewhat clubbed . . .,71 31. Mormo, with the body not flat; all the wings the hinder margin rather deeply indented, of uniform colour and dull . . . . .99 32. Catocala, with the body not flat; all the wings broad, with the hinder margin rather deeply indented, of various colours, the second pair pretty, with a black border . . . . . 99 33. Tethea, with the body more or less thick; all the wings entire, soiled, with the hinder margin incurved, the first pair rather broad, with the hinder margin somewhat hooked . . . . .83 34. Xanthia, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire, and more or less golden yellow . 85 35. MyTHiMNA, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire, the first pair acute, the fringes of mode¬ rate length . . . .59 36. CALOPHAsrA, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire, the first pair somewhat rounded, with the fringes longish . . . .91 37. Thyatira, with the body more or less thick; all the wings entire, the first pair broader, with the tip acute ; the palpi projecting forwards and distant; the corselet with a forked crest posteriorly . . .81 38. Diphthera, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire; the first pair greenish, variegated with black, the second pair dull . . .81 39. Cerigo, with the body metre or less thick ; all the wings entire, the first pair duskyish, the second pair yellowish . . . .49 40. Gortyna, with the body more or less thick; alj the wings entire, the first pair narrower, with the tip acute . . . 86 xxvi SYSTEMATIC TABLE 41. Hadena, with the body more ot less thick ; all the wings entire, the first pair narrower, with the tip blunt} the fringes short . . . . 42. Ehe^mobta, with the body more or less thick; all the wings entire^ the first pair narrower, with the tip blunt, the fringes longish . 43. Rusina, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire, the first pair rather broad, with obscure stigmata; the corselet somewhat crested 44. Gkaphipiioea, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire; the first part rather broad, with three indistinct stigmata . . . 45. CAHADRrNA, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire; the first pair narrow; the palpi with the last joint almost concealed . . . 46. Miana, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair narrow} the palpi witii the last joint very distinct 47. Bryophila, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire; the first pair rather broad, blunt, the hinder margin round, pale, variegated with black; the corselet crested, and not scaly 48. Segetia, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair rather broad, soiled, fringes short; the corselet not crested, and scaly . 49. Heliothis, with the body more or less thick; all the wings entire ; the first pair rather broad, acute, some¬ what unequally dilated ; the palpi ascending; the corselet not crested, and scaly 50. Cymatorhora, with the body more or less thick; all the wings entire; the first pair yellowish, netted with tawny ; the palpi not ascending, projecting forwards, with the last joint acute 51. CosMiA, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair reddish, with a darker central band ; the palpi projecting forwards, not ascending, with the last joint acute 52. Acronycta, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair rather broad; the palpi with the last joint blunt 66 92 50 54 60 72 80 60 95 84 84 78 OF MOTHS. xxvii PAGE 53. Lyt.®a, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire; the first pair narrow, shining, with cross lines . . . . 49 54. Bombycia, with the body more or less thick; all the wings entire ; the first pair narrow, shining, without cross lines; the palpi with the last joint ovally pointed . 83 '55. ScoTOPHiLA, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair narrow, shining ; the palpi with the last joint blunt . . .74 56. Ghasimesia, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair pale, not shining, with cross lines . . . . 60 57. Leucania, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair narrow, pale, not shining, and without cross lines ’ . . .87 58. Ceratopacha, with the body more or less thick j all the wings entire ; the corselet not crested, woolly, or hairy; the antennae thickening or flat . . 82 59. SiMYRA, with the body short; the first pair of wings longish, narrow, and acute ; the antennae not thickening . 89 60. Achatia, with the body short; the first pair of wings longish, narrow, and blunt; the antennae not thick¬ ening . . . .74 61. Ortiiosia, with the body short; the first pair of wings longish and narrow ; the palpi very short and hairy, projecting forward, with the last joint almost concealed , 57 62. Semiophora, with the body short; the first pair of wings longish and narrow; the palpi very short, very hairy, projecting forward, the last joint almost concealed; exserted, and deflexed . . . 57 63. Celjena, with the body short; the first pair of wings longish and narrow; the palpi very short, very hairy, exserted, and not deflexed . . .73 64. AfatelA, with the body longish . .78 65. Bhepha, with the body longish and slender; the wings entire; the palpi so short as to be scarcely per¬ ceptible .... 100 66. Acosmetia, with the body longish and slender; the palpi short, projecting forwards, very slightly ascending, with the last joint exserted . , . 97 XXViii SYSTEMATIC TABLE PAGE ' 67. Anaeta, with the body longish and slender; the palpi short, with the last joint concealed ; the second pair of wings yellow, with a black border . . 95 68. Stilbia, with the body longish and slender; the second part of wings pale, shining, and not ornamented . 98 69. Acontia, with the body longish and slender; the first pair of wings rhomboidal, somewhat shining, rather dilated at the base, with the hinder margin roundish ; the palpi of moderate length, and ascending . . 95 70. Eufhasia, with the body longish and slender ; the first pair of wings longest, spear-shaped, shining, some¬ what dilated at the base, with the hinder margin rounded; the palpi ascending . . ,96 71. Euclidia, with the body longish and slender; the first pair of wings rather dilated at the base, with the hinder margin rounded, the tip acute, marked with geometric lines 100 72. Erasteia, with the body longish and slender ; the first pair of wings rather dilated at the base, with the hinder margin rounded, the tip acute, and not marked with lines . 96 73. Ophiusa, with the body longish j the first pair of wings not dilated at the base, with the hinder margin repanded, the tip somewhat hooped . . 98 74. Phytometra, with the body longish and slender ; the first pair of wings not dilated at the base; roundish, not repanded ; the legs simple . . 97 75. Catephia, with the body longish and slender; the hind feet very hairy, hairs short 76. ScoPELOPus, with the body longish and slender; the hind feet very hairy, the hairs longish . . 98 GEOMETRINA (Rennie.) Divided into 1. Geometridae, with two short palpi; the first pair of wings not hook shaped; the caterpillars measurers or loopers . . . . 101 2. PLATYPTERicrnrE, with two short palpi ; the first pair of wings for the most part hook shaped; the cater¬ pillars not measureis or loopers . . .144 or MOTHS- xxix 3. PyRAUD.?;, with two or fouriongish and largepaipi; the caterpillars in a leafy covering . . 145 GEOMETRID.^: (Stephens.) Divided into 1. Geometra, with all the wings acutely angular; the body somewhat thick . . - . 104 2. Macaria, with all the wings acutely angular; the first pair notched . . .143 3. Ennomos, with the first pair of wings deeply notched, and the second pair somewhat angular . . 144 4. Ourapteryx, with the first pair of wings entire or somewhat angular, the second part acutely angular, yellow, with two streaks . . . . 108 5. Cheorissa, with the first pair of wings entire, or somewhat angular, the second pair acutely angular, green, with two pale streaks . . . 109 6. Bp-AnYEPETES, with the first pair of wings entire, or somewhat angular, the second pair acutely angular, pale, with a slanting red streak . . .115 7. 'J’imandra, with the first pair of wings somewhat angular, the second pair acutely angular . » 143 8. Camp^ea, with the first pair of wings somewhat, angular, the second pair rounded and somewhat angular green, with pale streaks . , . 108 9. ANiA,with the first pair of wings somewhat angular, the second pair rounded, somewhat angular, pale with rufous streaks .... 144 10. Eurymene, with the first pair of wings somewhat angular, the second pair rounded, somewhat angular, rusty with darker lines . . . 116 11. Epioxe, with the first pair of wings having two darker streaks, the second pair rounded with toothed erosions . .' . . 115 12. Pericallia, with the first pair of wings variegated; the antennae in both sexes pectinated . ° , 107 13. Himera, with the first pair of wings somewhat ru¬ fous, and thin, having two darker streaks, the second pair roun'd and entire , . . 104 XXX SYSTEMATIC TABLE 14. Crocallis, with the first pair of wings yellowish, and having a darker band, the second pair rounded and entire . . . .105 15. Venilia, with the first pair of wings yellowish, spotted with black . . .139 16. Hemithea, with the first pair of wings entire : the second pair, somewhat angular, green with two pale streaks 109 17. Ephyra, with the first pair of wings entire: the second pair, somewhat angular, pale, with a purple streak or ringlet . . .114 18. Emmelesia, with the first pair of wings entire; the second pair powdery with darker streaks . .137 19. Halia, with the first pair of wings entire; the second pair somewhat angular, powdery, with black letters, but without streaks . . .113 20. Odontopera, with the wings not angular, the first pair with toothed erosions, the second pair somewhat indented . . . .104 21. Lamproptebyx, with the wings not angular, the first pair slantingly streaked, acute, having the hinder margin slightly rounded, and scarcely denticulated; the second pair somewhat indented . . 122 22. Scotosia, with the first pair of wings slantingly streaked, acute, and denticulated ; the second pair deeply indented . . . 127 23. Hemeuophila, with the first pair of wings some¬ what obtuse, the hinder margin rounded and slightly indented . . . .112 24. Cami’togramma, with the first pair of wings streaked or banded across, acute, with numerous orna¬ mental wavings . . . 120 25. Anticlea, with the first pair of wings streaked or banded across, acute, with an insolid band in the middle 122 26. Eucosmia, with the first pair of wings streaked or banded across, and acute; the second pair deeply indented 128 27. Triphosa, with the first pair of wings streaked or banded across, the hinder margin rounded, slightly acute; the feet simple ... . 128 28. CHARrssA, with the wings having a central ring; the first pair streaked or banded across; the hinder margin. OF MOTHS. xxxi rounded, slightly acute; the shanks of the hinder legs thickened ■ • J 29. Angekona, with the wings not angular, yellowish with dots, and a darker crescent; the first pair entire, the second pair somewhat deeply denticulated . • 107 30. Hipparchus, with all the wings green, having in¬ distinct pale stripes • • . • 31. CcEORA, with all the wings powdered, having two deep black streaks minutely notched . , ' 32. Alcis, with the second pair of wings somewhat denticulated; the shanks of the hinder legs thickened, and often with small bundle of hair . • HO 33. Boarmia, with the second pair of wings somewhat denticulated; the shanks of the hinder legs slender and simple . . • . • ^1“^ 34. Larentia, with the first pair of wings having a rather straight streaky bajad in the middle; the second pair with the posterior margin waved . ■ 117 35. Eeectra, with the wings yellowish; the first pair banded and angular • • * i j u' 36. PoLYPHASIA, with the wings prettily streaked; the first pair with a wavy insolid band in the middle .121 37. Phibalapteryx, with the first pair of wings having a slanting streaked band in the middle • • 126 38. Euthalia, with the first pair of wings without hands, green, with darker streaks • • 126 39. 9,umia, with the first pair of wings not banded, yellow, with brown waved streaks . • 107 40. Melanipfe, with the first pair of wings not banded, white, with an interrupted deep black border . 125 41. Strenta, with the first pair of wings not banded, pale, netted with brown 139 42. Ellopia, with the first pair of wings_ somewhat rufous, having two angular streaks; second pair with the hinder margin indistinctly waved . • 108 43. Numeria, with the first pair of wings somewhat rufous, having a hatchet shaped band; the second pair with the hinder margin indistinctly waved .113 44. Acidalia, with the first pair of wings pale, with brownish streaks; the second pair with the hinder margin ndistinctly waved . • .141 xxxii SYSTEMATIC TABLE 45. Abraxas, with the first pair of wings pale, having deep black spots; the second pair with the hinder margin indistinctly waved . . .124 46. Bistox, with the wings entire, and without an¬ gles ; the body thick and hairy ; the jaws very short . 104 47. Phig ALIA, with the wings entire, not angular; rather broad, or very short; the body thick and hairy; the jaws wanting^ . . . .103 48. Nyssia, with the wings entire, not angular, narrow, or wanting; the body thick and hairy . .104 49. Lobophora, with the body slender and scaly; the wings more or less translucent and clear; the second pair short, with the base dilated or lobed . .131 50. Anisopteryx, with the body slender or scaly; the wings more or less translucent and clear ; the second pair short, with the base simple ; the antennae fringed . 102 51. Cheimatobia, with the first pair of wings blunt, having the hinder margin rounded, with an insolid band in the middle ..... 131 52. Oporabia, with the first pair of wings blunt, having brown waved streaks .... 130 53. Hibernia, with the first pair of wings blunt, having the hinder margin somewhat abrupt towards the posterior angle . , . .103 54. Thera, with the first pair of wings acute, with the hinder margin rounded . . . 130 55. Pachycnemia, with the wings opaque, dull or slightly lucid; the first pair longish and narrow, with the shank of the hinder legs thickened . . 129 56. Chesias, with the wings opaque, dull, or slightly lucid ; the first pair longish and narrow; the shank of the hinder legs slender . . . 129 57. Lozogramma, with the wings opaque, dull, or slightly lucid; the first pair longish, broadish, acute, with a slanting streak at the tip; the shanks of the hinder legs thickened . . ,127 58. Phasiane, with the wings opaque, dull, or slightly lucid ; the first pair with two streaks, and an interjacent dusky spot; the shanks of the hinder legs slender . 116 59. Anaitis, with the first pair of wings having an insohd middle band; the forehead very prominent . 124 OF MOTHS. xxxiii 60. Cei.ma, with the first pair of wings having an in¬ solid middle band ; the forehead slightly prominent . 124 61. HanPALYCE, with the first pair of wings rather long, acute, the hinder margin somewhat abrupt, with a solid band in the middle ; the base underneath not crested . 119 62. Steganoeophia, with the first pair of wings rather long, acute; the hinder margin somewhat abrupt, with a solid band in the middle; the base underneath witli a long concealed crest . . , 122 63. Aploceha, with the first pair of wings rather long, having an insolid band in the middle . .136 64. Speranza, with the first pair of wings rather long, with no bands, 3 'ellow or rusty . . . 101 65. Bupalus, with the wings erect 3 the first pair not banded; the legs short . . .102 66 . SiONA, with the wings spotless; the first pair not banded ; the legs very long 67. M«sia, with the first pair of wings pale, and having two black cross streaks . . .102 68 . Aspilates, with the first pair of wings yellow, having two slanting buff-coloured streaks . .116 69. Eopithecia, the first pair of wings longish, blunt, the posterior margin rounded ; the second pair short . 132 70. Ptychopoda, with the first pair of wings streaked across, the border waved ; the second pair not short; the hinder legs bearded or thick . ,140 71. PcEciLOPHAsiA, with the first pair of wings not streaked ; the margin black . .142 72. Hyria, with the first pair of wings not streaked ; the hind feet simple . . .139 73. Minoa, with all the wings rounded, of one colour, black or brick red . . .136 74. Ci-EOGENE, with all the wings rounded, of one colour, white or yellow . . . 136 75. PsoDos, with all the wings rounded; black, with deeper streaks or tawny bands . .101 77. Pellonia, with all the wings rounded ; yellowish, with purple streaks . . 116 78. Cabera, with all the wings rounded ; white, with dusky cross streaks . . 113 d xxxiv SYSTEMATIC TABLE 79. Xeuene, with all the wings rounded ; white, with an interrupted black border . .125 80. Bapta, with all the wings rounded ; snow white, with very indistinct dusky streaks . . 136 81. Fidonia, with all the wings rounded, powdery, and with dusky uniting streaks ; the antenn® much pectinated. 101 82. Cidaria, with the first pair of wings, with a some¬ what solid band in the middle . .117 83. Emmelesia, with the first pair of wings having nu¬ merous waved streaks . .137 PLATYPTERK JDM (Stephens). The hoiy slender; the antennx of the male for the most part pectinated; two palpi short, awl-shaped, curved towards the tip; the caterpillar lizard-shaped, behind tapering, without any clinging feet. Divided into 1. Pl.ATYPTKRYX . . .144 2. Drepae’a . . . . 144 3. L’ieix . . . ' . 145 PYRALID.P (Leach). The body always slender ; the antenna of the male bristle-shaped, and rarely pectinated. Divided into. 1 . Hypena . 145 2. POI.YPOGON . 146 3. Madopa . 146 4. Cledeobia . 146 5. Aglossa . 147 6. Pyraijs 147 7. Agrotera . 148 8. SlMACTHlS . 148 9. Ennychia . 148 10. Pyrausta . 149 11. Hydrocampa . 150 12. Diaphania . 151 OF MOTHS. XXXV 13. Botys . . . , /l51 14. Margaritia . . , , 151 15. ScopuLA . . . .154 16. Nola . . . . 154 17. Asopia . . . . 148 18. Nymphula . . . . 151 TORTRICINA (Rennie). Divided into, 1. Tortricida;, with the antenna always bristle-shaped; the wings with their outer margin arched at the base, and so narrowed as to give the insect a short broad form at the shoulders . . . 155 2 . Yf>ONOiwEUTiDA;, with the under palpi longer than the head, often in form of a muzzle . . 186 3. TiNEiDiE, with the wings rarely rounded at the tip, oftener acute, convoluted and deeply fringed ; first pair long and narrow, the second pair broad and folded during repose. . , . .211 4. Aeucitida;, with the body mdfeet long and slender; the wings, particularly the second pair, divided lengthwise in the form of feathers; the antenna always bristle-shaped. 229 TORTRICIDJE ('Stephens.) Divided into. 1. Cheoephora . 155 2 . Tortrix . . 155 3. Lozotania . 156 4. Amphisa . 158 5. Di'tula , ' . 158 6 . Antitiiesia . 159 7. Spilonota . 160 8. PsEUnOTOMIA . 162 9. Steganoptycha . 164 10. Anchyiopera . 166 xxxvi SYSTEMATIC TABLE PACK 11. Semasia . 168 12. Aphelia . 169 13. Cnephasia . 170 14. Orthot;enia . 171 15. PcECILOCHROMA . 173 16. Ptvcholosia . 174 17. Euchromia . 174 18. Lophoderus . 174 19. Sarrothripus . 174 20. Peronea . 175 21. Paramesia . 179 22. Leptogramma . 179 23. Geyphisia . 180 24. Dictyopteryx . 180 25. Cheimatophila . 181 26. Argyrotoya . 181 27. Aroyroeei'ia . 182 28. Eupcecilia . 183 29. Phtheochroa . 184 30. Lozopera . 185 31. Xanthosetia . 185 32. Phibalocera , 186 33. Hypercaleia . 186 34. Orthoteeia . 186 35. Phoxopteri!? . 167 36. Carpocvpsa . 169 37. Teras . 181 (.'OCHYLIS . 184 YrOYOMEUTID.E (Stephens.) Divided into 1. IIepbessarta . 186 2. Anacampsis . 188 3. Lophonotus . 192 4. Chei.aria. . 193 5. Recervaria . 193 6. IMacrochiea . 193 7. Enicostoma . 194 8. Dasycera . 194 OF MOTHS. 9. A n-ELA 10. Capillaria 11. Diurnea 12. ' Epigraphia 13. Melanoletjca 14. Yponometjta 1,5. Argyrosetia 16. Argyromiges 17. Heribeia 18. Microsktia 19. (Ecophora 20 . Pancalia 21. PORRECTARIA TINEIDM (Stephens.) Divided into 1. Galleria 2 . Ilythia 3. Melia 4. Eudorea 5. Phycita a 6 . Oncocera 7. Crambus 8 . Chilo 9. Plutella 10. Ypsolophrs 11. Euplocami's 12. Tinea 13. Lepidocera 14. Incurvaria 15. Lamproni.i 16. Gracillaria xxxvii . 195 . 196 . 197 . 197 . 197 . 197 . 200 . 200 . 202 . 203 . 206 . 207 . 209 . 211 . 211 . 211 . 211 . 212 . 215 . 216 . 218 . 219 . 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 . 223 . 225 .'227 ALUCITIDM (Leach.) Divided into 1. Ptehopmorus 2. Alucita . 22.9 . 231 ERRATA. Page 2, for Euprome, 10, — Lavana, 11, — Leminitis 22, — Statice, 28, — Ichneumcen, 29, — Hepiladae, 36, — Aglaia, ib. — Pavenia-minor, 44, — Rubia, 82, — Cebopacha, 128 & 129, — Amulet, 141, — Limbounbata, 170, — Lent, 173, — purfurana, 174, — subfasciara, 184, — subroseana, 188, — costana, 196, — gellatela, 200, — Green-lettered Gold, ib. — aurivitella, 202, — obcsurella, 207, — Fuesby’s, 215, — Latine, read Europome. — Levana. — Limenitii. — Statices. — Ichneumon. — Hepuilidae. — Aglia. — Pavonia-minor. — Rubea. ■— Ckbatopacha. — Annulet. — Limboundata. — KerU. — furfurana. — subfasciana. — rubroseana. — costosa. — gelatella. — Greek-lettered Gold,. — aurivittella. — obscurella. — Fuesly’s. — Satin. CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. PAPILIONIDJE (Leach). PAPILIO (Ray). Palpi very blunt and short, scarcely reaching the hood (clp- peus), the third joint wanting or very small; antenna: with more than thirty joints, and the clubbed tips somewliat curved ; feet {tarsi) with distinct claws not forked; upper wings triangular, somewhat curved like a sickle at the outer edge; under wings with a pointed taU, the inner margin with a scollop to receive the abdomen. Egg not known; caterpillar without hairs, with an organ in the neck in form of a Y, which can be protruded or retracted at pleasure; chrysalis, girt with sUk, angular, with two ears. The Queen {Papilio Regina, De Geer) appears the end of May and beginning of August. Wings three inches seven- twelfths, somewhat indented; yellow with a black margin, and yellow crescents; the under wings with a tail, and red and blue eye spot. Caterpillar, smooth, pale green, with black, red-spotted rings, feeds on fennel and wild carrots in July and September. 67tr^sah‘s yellowish green. Not common. Kent, Norfolk, Hants, Cambridge. The scarce Swallow Tail (P. Podalirius, Linn.) It is very doubtful whether any specimen has been found in Britain. The New Forest specimen proved to be P. Regina. GONEPTERYX (Leach). Palpi very flat, short, but longer than the head, the tip joint short; antenna with less than thirty joints, short, thick, with the clubbed tip becoming gradually thicker j feet {tarsi) with the claws short and forked j u}:per wings somewhat three cornered; under wings somewhat egg-wedge shaped, with a groove to re¬ ceive the abdomen. Egg not known; caterpillar without hairs; chrysalis, girt with silk, somewhat angular, with a beak. The Primrose i&onepteryx Rhamni, Leach) appears the middle of February, beginning of June, and in autumn. Wings two inches and a half; angular; primrose yellow in the male, greenish white in the female, each with a darker spot. / 2 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. Caterpillar, pale green, with a whitish stripe on the sides, feeds on the buckthorn and berr}' bearing alder (Rliammis frangula) j Chrysalis greenish, suspended. Common in the south. COLIAS (Fabricius). Palpi projecting beyond the head, very flat, the tip joint the shortest; antermee with less than thirty joints, short, rather slender, the clubbed tip blunt; feet Muth small, weak, forked claws ; xipper wings somewhat three cornered; under wings roundish, with a groove to receive the abdomen. JEgg not known ; caterpillar warty, and without hairs ; chry¬ salis, girt with silk, somewhat angular, with a beak. The Clouded Sulpsur {Colias Evpremer Stephens) appears the middle of August and in September. Wings two inches to two inches one-sixth ; above very pale sulphur yellow (Ste¬ phens’ specimen) with a black border, spotted, in the female, with yellow; in the centre of the upper wing a black spot, and in that of the under an eye spot. Caterpillar and chrysalis un¬ known. Very rare, and even doubtful as a native. East coast. The scarce Clouded YellotwXC. Palano, Stephens) very doubtful as a British species. The Clouded Golden (C. Chrysotheme, Stephens) appears in September. "Wings one inch two-thirds to one inch five- sixths ; above golden yellow with a black border, spotted in the female with yellow; the upper wings rounded. Probably a small pale variety of C. Edusa. Norfolk. The Clouded Saffron (C. Edusa, Fabricius) appears the middle of August, and early in spring. Wings one inch two- thirds to two inches one-third; above deep saffron yellow, some¬ times with a rosy gloss, with a black border, spotted in the fe¬ male with yellow; upper ones with a black spot in the centre ; the under ones greenish underneath, with a silvery spot; some with five or six reddish brown spots. Caterpillar, dull green, with a white stripe on each side, feeds on grass. Chrysalis green, with yellow and black lines. Not common. Norfolk, Kent, De¬ von, Jersey. ThbWhitb Clouded Yellow (C. Helice, Hubner) is probably only a pale variety of C. Edusa. The Clouded Yellow (C. Hyale, Stephens) appears the middle of August. Wings two inches to two inches one-sixth ; above pale sulphur yellow or creamy white, with a black border, spotted in a continuous line, the upper with a black spot in the centre, the under with a silvery spot; female whitish. Cater¬ pillar green and velvety, two yellow lines on the sides; feeds on papilionaceous plants in July. Chrysalis green, with yeUow lines on the sides. Rare. Kent, Norfolk. PONTIA (Fabrictus). Palpi short, with three joints, the tip joint longer than the CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 3 second; antenna with more than thirty joints, long: and slender, the clubbed tip flattish and abrupt; feet with very short forked claws ; upper wings somewhat three cornered, with a blunt cor- ner at the tip; under wings not variegated beneath. Egg somewhat flask shaped, with elevated ribs ; caterpillar somewhat spindle shaped, downy, and in some warty : chrysalis, girt with silk, angular, with a sharp beak. The Cabbage [Pontia Brassica, Stephens) appears the mid¬ dle of May, and the middle of August or beginning of September. Wings two inches and a half to three-fourths •, white ; first pair above with the tip blacki-sh, the inner edge of the black deeply indented beneath witli two black spots; second pair rather long, yellowish underneath. Caterpillar greenish, with small black warts, and a yellow line on the back and sides; tail black. Chry¬ salis pale green with black spots, and three yellow stripes. Very common. The Early Cabbage (P. Chariclea, Stephens) appears the beginning of May and end of June. Wings two inches one- fourth to one-half; white ; first pair above clouded with some¬ what a.shy black, and with yellowish white fringes; the inner edge of the black on the tip not indented; underneath with two black spots; second pair rather short; beneath yellowish, and much sprinkled with very minute black points. Perhaps only a variety of P. Brassica. Herts and Derbyshire. The Turnip (P. Rapa, Stephens) appears the end of April or middle of May, and beginning of July or middle of August. Wings one inch seven-twelftlis to two inches and a lialf; white or yellowish white; first pair above with the tip pale dusky, and the base a little blacki.sh ; beneath, in the male with one, and in the female with two black .spots ; second pair rather long ; un¬ derneath bright yellowish, sprinkled witli very minute black points at the base. Caterpillar green, with a brass-coloured line on the back, and yellow spots on the sides. Chrysalis green, ish, with three sulphur-coloured lines. Very common in gardens. The Early Turnip (P. Metro, Stephens) appears the begin¬ ning of April and end of June. Wings one inch two thirds to eleven-twelfths ; white, black at the base; first pair above with the tip slightly clouiled; beneath without spots, or with one only in the male, and two faint black spots in the female; second pair rather short; underneath yellowish, sprinkled with very minute black points. Probably only a variety of P.Pap«. Herts and Surrey. The Navew (P. Napi, Stephens) appears the middle of May and beginning of July. Wings one inch one-third to two inches • above white, beneath with dilated greenisli nervures ; first pair with the tip black, one black spot in the male and two in the female ; the second pair rather long, yellowish. Caterpillar, green, with white warts and black eyes, feeds on the navew and other brassicse. Chrysalis green, with spots on the head and back. Very common. 4 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. The Great Navew (P. Napeeee, Stephens). Wings one inct five-sixths to two inches one-sixth ; milk-white; first pair above with a spot, the tip and some dashes black; second pair pale, with the three first nervures dilated and greenish. Most pro¬ bably only a large variety of P. Napi. The ColewortTP. Sabellicts, Stephens) appears the begin¬ ning of June. Wings one inch seven-twelfths—five-sixths ; roundish; above whitish, with a blackish base, and on both surfaces the nervures dusky; above, the first pair with one dusky spot in the male and two in the female ; beneath, first pair with the tip, and the second pair (which are rather short) yellowish. Probably only a variety of P. Napi. Surrey and Middlesex. MANCIPIUM (Fabricius). Pnfpt short, with three joints, the tip joint shorter than the se¬ cond ; antenrue with the clubbed tips flattish and grooved ; upper wings distinctly round at the tip; under ad/igs variegated beneath. The Rocket {M. Daplidice, Hubner) appears April, May, and August. Wings one inch five-sixths; white; first pair in the male spotless, in the female with a central spot, and the tip black; the second pair beneath yellowish green, in the male spotless, in the female with white spots; the margins of all the wings dusky. Caterpillar dull blue striped with yellow, and dotted with black; head green, -with yellow stripes and black dots : it feeds on wild woad, base rocket, cabbage, &c. Chry¬ salis brown or green. Rare. Bath, Bristol, Hampstead, Cam¬ bridge, Dover, Canterbury. The Wood Ladv (AT. Cardnmines, Hubner) appears the end of May. Wings oneinch one-third to two inches one-twelfth ; white; first pair with a black central crescent on both surfaces, and in the male a large saflron-coloured spot towards the tip ; second pair variegated underneath with yellowish green. Caterpillar, solitary, green, with a white stripe above the legs, feeds on lady’s smock, field-cabbage, &c. Chrysalis green, with a slen¬ der white streak on the sides ; on the wing-cases of the male is a saffron-coloured spot. Common in fields and lanes, and near woods. LEUCOPHASIA (Stephens). Palpi very short, with three joints, the first large, the second small, the tip one minute and globular antenmeyrith the clubbed tip flattish and abrupt; feet with distinct forked claws ; mugs opaque, and plentifully covered with scales, very narrow, wedge -shaped, round at the tip; under wings with a slight groove. The Wood White'(L. Loti, Rennie,) appears the end of May and beginning of August. Wings one inch one- third to one inch five sixths ; white, spotless ; first pair above dusky at the tip; second pair underneath clouded with ashy. Caterpillar, green, with a deep yellow stripe on the sides, feeds on the bird’s foot trefoil and pea everlasting. Chrysalis greenish, with a yellow streak on the sides, and white spots on CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 5 the segments. Not common. Kent, Sarrey, Essex, Devon, Forest Hill, Darenth Wood. PIERIS (Schraxk). Palpi short, with three joints, the first long, the second half as long, and the tip joints half as long; antennee, with the clubbed tips flattish and abrupt; feet with very short forked claws and cushions; winps entire, sparingly covered with scales, and somewhat translucent; ?<^per«!mgs somewhat triangular ; under wings somewhat oval, with a groove to receive the abdomen. Egg not known; caterpillar same'm'ha.t spindle shaped, hairy, and slightly weirty; chrysalis, girt with silk, angular with a blunt beak. The Hawthorn (Pieris Cratoigi, Schrank) appears in June. Wings two inches one-third to five-sixths; of a uniform white, with black nervures. Caterpillar, at first gregarious and black, afterwards with a black line on the back and sides, feeds on the hawthorn and fruit trees. Chrysalis lemon-coloured or whitish, with black streaks and spots. Not common. Coombe Wood, Surrey, New Forest. DORITIS (Fabricius). The Crimson Ringed (D. Apollo, Stephens). Indigenous to Norway, and said to be British by mistake. Tlie Alpine White (D. Mnemosyne, Stephens). Indigenous to the Alps, and said to be British by mistake. NYMPHALIDAE (Swainson). A. fritillaries. NEMEOBIUS (Stephens). Palpi very short and hairy, with three joints, the first very small, and the third about half as long as the second; antennas with clubbed tips, short and flattish ; fore legs short and hairy; hinder legs without spurs; feet with minute undivided claws ; upper wings short and triangular under wings somewhat round and indented. Egg; caterpillar; chrysalis, nofknovfn. The Duke {N. Lucina, Stephens) appears the end of May and June. Wings one inch to one inch one-third ; first pair black, spotted with tawny, second pair underneath with two bands of whitish spots. The’female darker-coloured above. Caterpillar said to feed on grasses. Not common. Woods in Kent and Surrey, New Forest, Dorsetshire and Berkshire. MEL1T.<EA (Fabricius). Palpi longer than the head, very hairy, with three joints, the first shghOy bent, the third in some half the length of the second. CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES, in others short and minute; a-ntennce with more than thirty- joints, the clubbed tips short, abrupt, blunt, large, and flattish ; fore legs small, the feet with a small cushion, in some the nails are double, in others undivided ; upper wings longish and trian¬ gular ; under tcings roundish. Egg not known ; caterpillar downy, with spines in some, and fleshy warts in others; chrysalis somewhat angidar with a blunt head, suspended by the tail. Thk Yellow Crescent (3f. Athalia, Stephens) appears the end of May and beginning of July. Wings one inch seven- twelfths to three-fourths; above black tessellated with tawny ; second pair underneath with tawny spots at the base, a band of yellow spots in the middle, and a row of yellow crescents at the tip; male smaller and more distinctly marked. Caterpillar brown. Not common. Caen Wood, Middlesex; Dartmoor, Devonshire, and Hartley Wood; Essex, Dover. The Morning Crescent (Jf. Pyronia, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch seven-twelfths; first pair above tawny, ■with black blotches, underneath with a black band and tawny nervures ; second pair black with a ta-wmy streak, underneath -w-ith a whitish band and black spots and nemires. Probably only a variety of M. Athalia. Rare. Middlesex and Peckham, Surrey. The Black Crescent (J/. tessellata, Stephens) appears the beginning of May. Wings one inch two-thirds ; above tawny, tessellated with black; second pair underneath straw colour, with three yellowish bands and black crescents ; the fringes white, interseeted with black. Caterpillar black, with a pale line on the sides. Probably only a variety of M. Athalia. Very rare. Caen wood, Middlesex, The Scabious (ilf. Artemis, Leach) appears the middle of May, and rarely quits its natal field Wings one inch one-third to one inch eleven-twelfths; above tawny, w'aved with black, and spotted with yellowish : second pair underneath with three buff- coloured bands, and, on both .surfaces, a streak of eye-like spots. Female larger and more distinctly marked. Caterpillar, black above, and yellowish beneath, wdth a row of white dots on the back and sides, feeds on the devil’s bit scabious (Scabiosa succisa) &c. Remains in society under a silken web from Sep¬ tember tiU the middle of April. Chrysalis greenish white, with black spots and yeUowish tubercles on the hinder part of the body. Not common. Norfolk, Suffolk, Middlesex, Devon. The Glanville {M. Cinxia, Leach) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch three-fourths to el even-twelfths; above orange tawny, tessellated -with black ; second pair underneath with three yellowish bands, edged and spotted with black, and towards the hinder margin, on both surfaces, a row of eye-like spots. Female darker below than the male. Caterpillar black, with a row of white spots on the sides ; it feeds on various kinds of plaintain, appears in autumn, and lives in society beneath a silken web till April. Chrysalis bro-wn beneath, wdth tawny CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 7 stripes. Very uncommon. Middlesex, Kent, Hampshire, York¬ shire, Lincolnshire, Bedfordshire; near Dover, Ttiw AspKy (M. Maturna, Stephe.vs). Said to be British on doubtful authority. The Goddess {M.Dia, Stephens). A continental species, said to be British by mistake. The Sii.ver Spot (JJ. Silene, Leach) appears on heaths and in woods, in May, the beginning of July, and in August. Wings one inch two-thirds to eleven-twelfths ; tawny, spotted with black ; second pair underneath variegated with red and yellow, with twelve silvery spots, a black eye-like spot, with a red pupil, and towards the hinder margin, a streak of black spots. Varies much. Caterpillar black, with a clear stidpe on the sides ; the spines half yellow. Common in the south of England. Essex, Devon. The Prixce (M. Euphroxyne, Leach) appears in May. Wings one inch three-fourths to eleven-twelfths ; orange tawny, spotted with black; second pair underneath variegated with red and yellow, with nine silver spots, seven of which are place'd on the hinder margin, one wedge-shaped in the middle, and one at the base, with a yellow eye-like spot, having a black pupil. Varies much. Caterpillar, black, with two orange-spotted streaks on the back, feeds on violets, such as the viola lutea, and viola canina. Common in woods in the south of England. Penge Common, Essex, Devon, and near Edinburgh. ARGYNNIS (Fabricius). Palpi not much longer than the head, divergent, hairy, with three joints, the first curved, the second broad, the third needle- shaped, and very small; antennm with more than thirty joints, the clubbed tips short, abrupt, blunt, large, and flattish; fore lege short, the claws with double nails ; upper wings triangular; under wings somewhat round, and both more or less indented. Females usually darker than the males. Egg conical, wth a round point, and many elevated ribs: caterpillar with spines ; chrysalis somewhat angular, commonly with metallic spots, the head notched, suspended by the tail. The Princess (A. Lathonia, Leach) appears in May, August, and September. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches one- twelfth ; tawny orange, distinctly spotted with black; second pair underneath with numerous silvery spots, and, towards the hinder margin, a row of seven red eye-like spots, having a sil¬ very pupil. Caterpillar, brown-grey, with a whitish line on the back, and two brownish ones on the sides, the spines and legs pale yellow, feeds on heart’s-ease and saintfoin. Chrysalis dull brown, with a yellow stripe on the back, sprinkled with gold and silver dots; a white streak at the end of the wing-cases. Very scarce. Norfolk, Battersea, Surrey, Kent, Hertford, Cam¬ bridgeshire. Abbot’s (A. Niobe, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. 8 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. The High Brown (A. Adippe, Leach) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings two inches and a half to three-quarters ; orange tawny, spotted with black; second pair underneath yellowish red, with many silvery spots, and a streak of three or four red eye-like spots, having a silvery pupil, which vary much. Caterpillar, brownish, with a whitish stripe on the back, edged with black dots, feeds on the dog’s violet and hearts’ ease. Chrysalis reddish, with silver spots. South of England, Suffolk, Esse.x, Devon, woods near Reading. The Dark Green (A. Aglaia, Leach) appears the beginning of July and August. Wings two inches one third to five-sixths; orange tawny, spotted with black ; second pair underneath greenish yellow, with tw^enty-one silver spots. Caterpillar Ausliy, with a yellow line on the back, and a row of eight square spots on each side -, it feeds on the dog’s violet. Chrysalis brownish red. Rather uncommon. Suffolk, Essex, Kent, Devon, Berks. A. Charlotta, (Sowerby), is only a variety of A. Aylaia. The Silver Streak (A. Paphia, Leach) appears the begin¬ ning of July. Wings two inches two-thirds to three inches ; tawny, spotted with black; second pair greenish underneath, with four narrow silvery bands. Caterpillar, solitary, brownish, with a yellow line down the back, feeds on the dog’s violet, raspberry, and nettle. Chrysalis greyish, with yellow points. Rather uncommon. Suffolk, Essex, Kent, Devon, Berks, Penge Common. B. SWIFTS. COMMA (Rennie). Palpi thickly clothed with scales and a few short hairs; an- tennce with the clubbed tips abrupt; fore legs short and very hairy ; upper wings narrow, with irregularly waved edges; under wings with indentations and a short tail. The Comma {Comma C. album, Rennie) appears the end of June and middle of September. Wings one inch three- quarters to two inches one twelfth ; above dark orange, spotted with black and brown ; second pair underneath marked with a reversed and snowy white C. Caterpillar, brownish red, with the fore-part of the back yeUow, and the other white, feeds on hop, willow, elm, gooseberry, curr.int, nettle, hazle, and honeysuckle. Chrysalis fiesh-coloured, with a contraction in the middle, and spotted vuth gold. Rather uncommon. York and South of England, Suffolk, Herts, Penge Common, on poppies. VANESSA (Fabricius). Palpi hairy, with a few scales intermixed, more than twice the length of the head, projecting obliquely, the tips beaked, with three joints, the first short and curved, the second long. CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. the third the length of the first, and needle shaped; antennae longish, with about thirty joints, the clubbed tips oblong and abrupt; eyes very downy; fore leys very hairy, some'^'hat like a tippet; feet with long double claws, or with a nail-like projection; upper wings sonaewhat curved, and three cornered; under wings somewhat three cornered, with a short tail, and a groove to receive the abdomen. Eyy oval, with many elevated ribs (except in V. Polychloros); caterpillar with divided spines ; chrysalis somewhat angular with two ears, commonly gilded with metallic spots, suspended by the tail. The Elm (Vanessa PolycMoros, Leach) appears the middle of July. Wings two inches oue-third to three inches ; dark orange, inwardly covered with tawny hairs, and scales at the base, and clouded with black beneath; second pair with the hinder mar- gin black, with blue crescents; all the wings underneath ash- coloured, with black bands. Caterpillar, blackish, with a yellow stripe on the side, feeds on elm, dog-wood, and fruit trees; when young it is gregarious. Chrysalis flesh-coloured. Not uncommon. Suffolk, Es.sex, Middlesex, Surrey, Kent, Hamp¬ shire, Devon, Isle of Wight. The Tortoiseshell (T. Urtlcce, Leach) appears in spring, the end of June, and beginning of September. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches one-third ; above deep orange, base black, hinder margin black, with a series of blue crescents ; second pair covered with long tawny hairs at the base. Cater¬ pillar, dusky, head black, feeds on nettle; when young it is ggegarious. Chrysalis greyish, spotted with gold on the neck, and sometimes entirely gold-coloured. Common throughout the kingdom. The Peacock (V. Io, Leach) appears in spring and the middle of July, till late in autumn. Wings two and a half to three inches; above purplish, or reddish brown, with a large eye-like spot near the tip of the first, and towards the margin of the second pair; underneath brown, marbled, banded, and spotted / with black. Caterpillar, gregarious, black, spotted with white, the feet rust-coloured, feeds on the nettle. Chrysalis green, gold spotted. Common in the south of England, and foimd also in Yorkshire and in Scotland. *. The Willow (V. Antiojpa, Leach) appears in spring, the beginning of August and middle of September. Wings two inches five sixths to three inches one-sixth; above pur¬ plish, posterior margin whitish or straw-coloured, (in foreign specimens buff or orange), with a series of violet-blue spots interiorly. The first pair have the upper edge marked with white, with two white spots near the tip; the second pair have a central white spot. Caterpillar, gregarious, black, with square reddish rusty spots on the back, feeds on the willow, birch, and poplar. Chrysalis black, spotted with tawny. Rare. Nor¬ folk, Suffolk, Essex, Worcester, Berks, Oxford, Cambridge, Middlesex, Herts, Kent, Epping Forest. 10 CONSPECTOS OF BUTTERFLIES. AMMIRALIS (Rejjnie). Palpi thickly clothed with scales, and a few hairs intermixed ; antennce with the clubbed tips abrupt; eyes downy ; upper wings angular ; under wings round, indented, and without any tail. Egg oval, with many elevated ridges; caterpillar solitary, with toothed spines; chrysalis somewhat angular, commonly gilt, and suspended by the tail. The Alderman (Ammiralis Atalanta, Rennie) appears in spring, the middle of July and the beginning of August, until November. Wings two inches and a half to three inches ; deep silky black, edged with white crescents ; first pair with a trans¬ verse, somewhat interrupted, orange-red band on both sur¬ faces ; second pair with a marginal row of black spots. Cater¬ pillar, solitary, greenish, with a yellow line on the back, feeds on the nettle. Chrysalis blackish, ashy-grey beneath, with gold spots. Common everywhere. CYNTHIA (Fabricius). Palpi thickly clothed with scales and short hair, with three joints, the first short and curved, the second long and fiattish, the third longer than the first, and needle shaped; antennm with nearly forty joints; the clubbed tips very short, abrupt, and fiattish; eyes very downy; fore legs very hairy, somewhat like a tippet; feet with short cushions and long claws, somewhat forked ; wings with scollops ; upper wings triangular and some¬ what curved; under wings somewhat oval, wedge-shaped, clothed on the upper and inner sides with long hair, with a groove to receive the abdomen. Egg oval, with many elevated ridges ; caterpillar solitary, with toothed spines; chrysalis angular, commonly gilt, and suspended by the tail. The Painted Lady {Cynthia Cardui, Stephens) appears in spring, the end of July and beginning of August, until . October. Wings two inches one third to two thirds; tawny A brown, with a tinge of rose colour, variegated with white and black; second pair underneath marbled, with four eyelets. Varies much in brightness of colour. Caterpillar, solitary, dusky, with interrupted ^yellow lines on the sides, feeds on spear-thistle, nettle, mahow, &c. Chrysalis brown, with ash- coloured lines and gold spots. Common. Edinburgh, Middle¬ sex, Devon, Jersey, and in most parts of the globe, The Hampstead (C. Hgmpstediensis, Stephens). Wings two inches; above dark brown, with a yellow streak at the margin ; the first pair with five yellow spots, and all the wings with two black eyelets, having a white pupil. This insect has not been met with since the time of Petlver, who had it from Hampstead. The Netwino {C? Lavana, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 11 APATURA (Fabbicius). Palpi longer than the head, with three joints, the first short ^d bent, the second long and slender, the third about the length of the first, and blunt; antennce long, with about thirty joints, the clubbed tips abrupt, with a point at the edge ; eyes without down; fore legs very short; hind legs with forked claws ; ivings with scollops ; upper wings somewhat curved and triangular; under wings rondo-triangular, with a groove to receive the abdomen. Egg not known ; caterpillar spindle shaped, with spines, and with horns on the Imad; chrysalis somewhat angular, with a beak, suspended by the tail. The Emperor {Apatura Iris, Leach) appears the beginning of July. Wings two inches and a half to three inches and a quarter; black, or iridescent blue, with a common interrupted white band; second pair above with a single eyelet. Caterpillar, of a beautiful green, with reddish bristles at the tail, and green¬ ish yellow horns; feeds on the common sallow and the oak. Chrysalis pale green. South of England, Suffolk, Essex, Mid¬ dlesex, Surrey, Kent, Bedford, Hereford, Berks, Wilts, and Hants. LEMINITIS (Fabbicius). Palpi longer than the head, clothed with scales, and slightly hairy, with three joints, the first small and oval, the second long and slightly bent, the third longer than the first, and egg shaped; antenna long, the clubbed tip long and slender, and ending in a. point placed sideways; eyes hairy ; fore legs short, slender, with' a very small claw, hind legs long, with claws and a short cushion ; wings somewhat triangular, and with slight scoUops, upper wings triangular; under wings rondo-triangular, with a shallow groove to receive the abdomen. Egg not known ; caterpillar long, with blunt spines on the back, and tufts of hair on the sides ; chrysalis somewhat angu¬ lar, with a beak, and suspended by the tail. The Popi-ab (L^minitis Populi, Stsphems). Said, without proof, to be British. The Hoxeysuckue (L. Camilla, Leach) appears the beginning of .Tuly. Wings two inches to two inches one-sixth ; brownish black, indented with a central whitish band, between which and tlie base is an ashy crescent on the disc, and four white dots, v/ith a double parallel series of obscure black marginal spots ; underneath the central areolet is inscribed with zigzag black signatures. The second pair are very similar. Caterpillar, green, feeds on the honeysuckle. Chrysalis green, spotted with gold, forked in front. South-eastern counties of England, Sussex, Essex, Berks, Hants, Kent and Middlesex, Suffolk. The Prophetess, (L. Sibilla, Stephens). Said, without proof, to be British. 12 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. HIPPARCHIA (Fabricius). Palpi slightly longer than tlie head, more or less hairy, cun’hig downward at the tip. with three joints, the first short, and the second mnch longer and flattish; antennce long, with about forty joints, the clubbed tip slender, spindle shaped and bent; eyes in some with, in others without, down ; fore legs shortest, and in most cases hairy; hind legs with short forked claws, and short cushions; upper wings in most cases triangular ; under wings rondo-triangular, in some with scollops, with a shallow groove to receive the abdomen. Egg in some, with elevated ribs, in others with minute punc¬ tures, in others with net-work markings; caterpillar somewhat spindle shaped, warty, and the tail forked ; chrysalis somewhat angular, with two ears, suspended by the tail. Thb Speckled Wood, (Hipparchia jEgeria, Leach) appears ^ the beginning of April, beginning of June, and beginning A of August. Wings one inch and a half to two inches ; brown spotted with yellow; first pair with an eyelet toward the tip on both surfaces; second pair above, with three eyelets. Varies much. Caterpillar, green, with white lines, feeds on the couch grass. Chrysalis short, green. Throughout England, and neat Edinburgh. The Speckled Brown, (H. Mara, Stephens). Said to be British by mistake. The Wall, (H. Megara, Leach) appears in April, the begin¬ ning of July, and beginning of August. Wings one inch and a half to eleven-twelfths; tawny, with brown bands on both sur- w faces; first pair with an eyelet on both sides towards the tip, X with one or more adjoining it; second pair above towards the hinder margin, with four eyelets, the side ones being often with¬ out a pupil, and underneath with six, the lash of which is double ; female larger. Caterpillar, greenish, with dark streaks on the back and sides, feeds on grass. Chrysalis brown. Common everywhere. The Brown Wall {H. Phadra, Stephens). Said to be Bri¬ tish without authority. The Banded Brown {H. Alcyone, Stephens). Said by mis¬ take to be British. The Grayling (H. Semele, Leach) appears in July. Wings two inches one-fourth to seven-twelfths ; dull brown ; the fimt yt pair with two eyelets on both surfaces, and the second pair with ' a single eyelet above ; varies much in colour and markings. Caterpillar, green, feeds on grass. Chrysalis dusky. Local. South Shields, Scarborough, Cambridge, Suffolk, Essex, Syden¬ ham, Kent, Devon, and Salisbury Plain. The Marbled White (H. Galathea, Leach) appears in June and July. Wings two inches to two inches and a quarter; yel- A lowish spotted with black ; underneath the first pair with a sin¬ gle eyelet near the tip, and the second pair with five, one of which is double; the black lighter in the male. Caterpillar, CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 13 bright green, with an obscure line on the back and sides, feeds on the cat’s-tail grass. Chrysalis yellowish. Throughout Eng- land: Suffolk, Essex, Devon, and Wilts. The Gate Keeper (H. Tithonus, Stephens) appears the mid¬ dle of July. Wings one inch five-twelfths to five-sixths; above with the disc tawny-yellow; the first pair with an eyelet on both sides towards the tip ; second pair with a faint eyelet towards the posterior angle, and beneath with from three to five white points; female larger. Caterpillar, greenish, with w’hite lines and brown head, feeds on the annual meadow grass. Chrysalis green. Abundant near London ; Yorkshire, and Northumberland. The Meapow Brown (ff. Janira, Leach) appears in thebe- ginning of June and July. Wings one inch and a half to two inches; above nearly black ; first pair with a black eyelet near the tip in the male, and in the female (Lf. Ji/rfina, Linn.) a tawny- orange blotch, in which is an eyelet; second pair grey underneath, with an ashy band. Caterpillar, green, with a white streak on the sides, feeds on the meadow grass. Chrysalis j'ellowish, with black streaks on the breast and wing-cases. Near London, north of England, and Scotland, abundant. The Arran Brown {H. Ligea, Stephens) appears about July or August. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches ; above brown, with a red band ; first pair w’ith four or five eyelets on both sides ; second pair above with three eyelets, and underneath with a short white band. Caterpillar green, with a black stripe on the back, and several white ones ; head reddish yellow. Local. Isle of Arran, Scotland. The Scotch Ringlet {11. Blandina, LBACH)appears in August. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches ; above brown, with a reddish band towards the hinder margin, in which, on the first pair, are four black eye-like spots, having white pupils ; second pair underneath with an ashy band ; varies much in colour, the females lightest. Local. Isle of Arran, and near Durham. The Banded Brown (H. Mnestra, Stephens). Said to be British by mistake. The Mountain Ringlet {H. Cassiope, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths; silken brown, with a red band, in which are several eye-like black spots. Scarce, or rather local. Ambleside, Westmoreland, and in Cum¬ berland. The Ringlet (H. Hyperanthus, Leach) appears the end of June. Wings one inch and a half to eleven-twelfths ; brown, paler beneath ; first pair above with one or more eye-like spots, and three underneath ; second pair above with two eyelets; un ¬ derneath with two conjoining eyelets near the anterior margin, and three behind ; varies much in the size and number of the spots. Caterpillar, whitish grey, sometimes black, with a brown stripe, feeds on and resides at the roots of the annual meadow grass. Chrysalis bright brown with obscure streaks. Abundant throughout Britain ; Dartmoor, Devonshire, Shooter’s Hill, and Penge Common, Kent. 14 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. The Marsh Ringlet (H. Pohjdama, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch and a half to two-thirds ; above grey- tawny; underneath, first pair with from two to four eyelets, and the second pair with six, bordered with white, of which three are very small: varies much. Probably a bright variety of H. Davus. North Wales, Cumberland, and Yorkshire. The July Ringlet {H. Dams, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-third to three-fourths ; above brownish tawmy ; underneath, the first pair with two eyelets towards the hinder’margin, and one or more very faint eye-like spots, bor¬ dered with tawny, and the second pair with six eyelets, and a silver spot in the centre: varies exceedingly. Near Manchester, in Yorksliire, and Norfolk. The Silver Ringlet (H. Hero, Stephens) appears in June and July. Wings (one inch and a half ?) brown, with an eyelet towards the tip on the upper surface of the first pair; second pair with four or five blind eyelets ; underneath with six perfect ones. Very rare. Sussex. The Iron Brown (H. Arnanius, Stephens) has been given as British on the doubtful authority of one specimen. The Golobn Eye {H. Pamphilus, Leach) appears the begin¬ ning of June and beginning of September. Wings one inch onc-sixth ; tawny with darker margins; first pair with an eye¬ let on each surface towards the tip ; second pair above with a very faint eyelet towards the posterior angle ; underneath with a X short ashy band in the middle, in which, towards the margin, are four minute very faint eyelets : varies much in colour. Caterpillar, green, with white lines on the back, feeds on crested dog’s-tail grass. Chrysalis green. Abimdant tliroughout the kingdom. LYCENIDM (Leach). THECLA (Fabricius). Palpi rather longer than the head, clothed wdth scales at the base and a few hairs, with three joints, the first short and bent, the second long, the third short and pointed; antennte short, with more than forty joints, becoming gradually thicker from the base upwards, the club longest and not flat; eyes downy ; legs alike in both sexes: fore legs rather short; feet with large cushions, almost concealing the claws, which ai*e very short ai4d undivided ; vpper winys entire and triangular; under tvings in some indented, in others with short tails. - - Egg not known 5 caterpillar short, oval, and flat, in form of a wood louse {Oniseus)\ chrysalis, girt with silk, with the head roundish. The Brown Hair Streak (Thecla Betulte, Leach) appears the middle of August. Wings oneineh one-thirdtoseven-twelfths; above dark brown ; upper wungs with a black spot; underneath yellow, with a tawny band margined with white, fringes white; CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 15 female with a patch of orange brown on the upper wings. Ca¬ terpillar, green, with oblique yellow stripes on the sides, and two on the back; feeds on birch, blackthorn, and plumb. Chrysalis reddish brown, with paler streaks. Near London, Suffolk, in Berksliire, Dorsetshire, and Devonshire. Tub Plumb Hair Streak {T.Pruni, Curtis) appears the end of Jmie. Wings one inch five-twelfths; above brownish black; upper wings with an oblong spot near the upper edge ; the un¬ der wiirgs with three or more crescent-shaped scarlet spots, with a small bluish one at the posterior angle, underneath brownish orange; upper wings with a bluish silvery cross line near the edge, where are several indistinct scarlet spots, each with a black spot and silvery edge; under wings with an interrupted silvery line across the middle, forming a blunt W near the abdo¬ men ; border {fimbria) with a black spot between each nervure, terminated at the base of the fringe by a silvery line ; the inner margin of the border with six or seven black spots half edged with silver; tails of the wings diverging outwards. Hunting¬ donshire. The Black Hair Streak (T. W. album, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch and a half to one inch seven-twelfths; above deep black or brown, and spotless ; beneath paler, particu¬ larly in the female ; upper wings with a somewhat waved, white cross streak, nearly straight in the male ; imder wings with a similar streak zig-zagged in form of a W, and beyond it a deep orange waved marginal band, spotted on the outside, and edged with black on the inside; the tails of the wings parallel (longest in the female), black tipped -with white : the antennae black with w’hite rings and an orange tip. Caterpillar, dusky green, with whitish lines on the sides, and indentations on the back, feeds on blackthorn and Spiraea frutex. Chrysalis dusky brown, with a white head. Not common. Suffolk, Surrey, Essex, Kent, Windsor. The Blackthorn Hair Streak (T. Spini, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-third ; above brown, with several reddish spots at the hinder tip; under wings with the tip of the tail white; beneath ash-coloured, with a white streak and several tawny crescents dotted with black, and a bluish spot at the pos¬ terior angle. Caterpillar, green or reddish green, with yellow lines on the back, and the head black, feeds on blackthorn. Chrysalis brown, beneath ash-coloured. Rare. Norfolk. The Purple Hair Streak (T. Quercus, Leach) appears the middle of July and August. Wings one inch one fourth to one- half ; above blackish, with a blue disc; underneath ash-coloured, y with a waved white streak, and a tawny twin-spot at the pos¬ terior angle. Male larger without gloss ; female all black with a purple gloss. Caterpillar, fleshy brown, with three rows of green dots, feeds on the oak. Chrysalis rust-brown, with three rows of brown dots on the back. Not uncommon through¬ out the south, and in some parts of the north of Britain, Essex, Middlesex, Kent, Devon, Huntingdonshire. 16 COKSPECTUS OF BUTTEBFUES. The Green Hair Streak (T. Rubi, Leach) appears the end of May, beginning of June, and beginning, of August. Wings one inch to one inch one-third; above dusky brown ; some with a white spot on the upper wings ; beneath green; second pair with a series of white dots, sometimes very faint; some with white spots beneath. Caterpillar, green, variegated with yellow, with a black head; it feeds on the bramble, dyer’s woad, saint- foin, and broom. Chrysalis brown. Not uncommon near Lon¬ don ; in Essex, Dorsetshire, Devonshire, and Hampshire. LYC^NA (Fabricius). Palpi longer than the head and divergent, with three joints covered with scales, the first and second also with hair: antennce with more than thirty joints, the clubbed tip blunt and not flat; eyes not downy ; legs alike in both sexes; fore legs little shorter than the hind legs ; feet with large cushions, beyond which the claws project; tipper wings entire, triangular, and somewhat wedge shaped ; under wings rondo-triangular, toothed at the posterior angle. Egg not known ; caterpillar short, oval, and flat, in form of a wood louse iOniscus) ; chrysalis, girt with silk, with the head roundish. The Copper (Lyctena Phlceas, Leach) appears the beginning of April, beginning of June, and beginning of August, till November. Wings one inch to one inch flve-twelfths ; above, first pair of a fiery copper colour, spotted with black; second pair black, with a copper band on the hinder margin; some ' females with three or four blue spots ; underneath ashy, with a tawny streak towards the hinder margin. Caterpillar, green, with a yellow stripe on the back, feeds on the sorrel. Abundant throughout Britain. The Golden Copper (L. chryseis, Leach) appears in Augpist and September. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half; above bright copper, with a longish central black dot; first pair be¬ neath with ash-coloured margin, yellowish disc,and about seven¬ teen eye-like dots; the second pair with nearly half the disc purple ; beneath ash-coloured, bluish at the base, with thirty or more scattered eye-like spots; female darker and spotted above. Very rare; near Epping. The Large Copper (L. dispar, Leach) appears in July. Wings one inch and a half to two inches one-twelfth; above bright fiery copper colour, with an obscure band of spots near the tip, first pair with a central crescent-shaped black spot; underneath phle orange with ten eyelets, and the second pair X bluish, with numerous eye-like black spots; female not so bright, spotted with black above, and copper-coloured margin. Cater, pillar somewhat hairy, vivid green, with innumerable white dots; It feeds on a kind of dock. Chrysalis at first green, then p^e j^h-coloured, with a dark line on the back, and ^o shortish white ones on each side. Local; Cambridge, Huntingdon, Suf¬ folk and Norfolk, Wliittlesea Mere. CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 17 The Swift Copper (L. Hippothoe, Stephens). Wings one inchfive-twelfthstoone-half; above tawny; beneath ash-coloured, with numerous eye-like black spots. Local: very rare. Whit- tlesea-Mere, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Kent. The Goloen Rod (L. Virganrea;, Leach) appears the end of August. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half, of a shining and bright fiery copper colour; first pair, in the male, without spots; underneath yellowish, with ten or eleven very indistinct eye-like black spots; second pair above with six black spots attached to the black hinder margin ; underneath with about twelve black spots crowned with white ; some few orange spots near the posterior angle, which is acute. In the female the first pair spotted above, with a marginal band of six somewhat confluent brown spots; second pair brown, with the veins, and a large square spot on the disc, of a tawny colour. Cnferpillar, dull green, with a yellow stripe on the back, and one of yellowish green on each side, head and legs black, feeds on the golden-rod and docks. Chrysalis brownish-yellow, with the wing-cases rust-coloured. Rare and local. Isle of Ely and Huntingdonshire. POLYOMMATUS (Latreilee). Palpi longer than the head and nearly parallel, clothed with scales above, with three joints, the first short and curved, the second long, the third as long as the first and without hairs; antenniE rather short, with more them thirty joints, the clubbed tip abrupt and flattish, ending in a point placed sideways ; eyes in some downy, in others not; legs alike in both sexes ; feet with very short cushions, beyond wihich are minute undivided claws ; euings entire ; upper wings triangular, and somewhat wedge- shaped ; under wings ovo-triangxdar, and scarcely, if at all, toothed at the posterior angle. Egg not known ; caterpillar short, oval, and flat; chrysalis girt wdtli sUk, with the head roundish. The Azure Blue (Polyomniatus Argiolus, Stephens) appears about the middle of May and end of August. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-half; above light blue, black at the tip ; beneath light grey, with oblong dissimilar black spots ; female with more black at the tip of the wing. Caterpillar, hairy, yeUowish-green, with a vivid green line down the back, the head and legs black, feeds on the buckthorn and holly. Chrysalis smooth, brown and green, with a black line down the back. Near London, Norfolk, Suffolk, Hants, Kent, and Devonshire. The Bedford Blub {P. Alsus, Stephens) appeaj’s the end of May and beginning of July. Wings five-sixths to one inch one-twelfth ; above brown, with a blue gloss ; beneath ash-co¬ loured, with a .single streak of eye-Uke spots. Uncommon and local. South of England, Coombe Wood, Surrey, Norfolk, Suffolk, Devon. The Mazarine Blue (P. Acts, Stephens) appears towards Die end of May and beginning of July. Wings one inch one- 18 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. sixth to one-third; above deep blue, with a black margin; under¬ neath ash-coloured, with a central black spot surmounted with white, with a band of eye-like dots towards the hinder margin ; female brown above. Rare. Norfolk, Surrey, Cambridge, Dor¬ setshire, Hants, and Yorkshire. The Arion {P. Arion, Stephens) appears the beginning of July. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; above brown, with a blue disc, or dark blue edged with black ; three small black spots on the middle of the upper wings ; female blue, edged with black; seven spots on the upper wing, and three on the lower (more or less distinct); beneathash-coloured, spotted, edged with a line of eye-like spots. Rare. Bedford, Kent, WUts, Bucks, and North Wales. The Ar-coN (P. Alcon, Stephens), Wings one inch one- .-j half; above blue, without spots, and with a brown margin; beneath brownish ash-coloured, with a double series of eye-like dots. Probably only a variety of P. Arion. Bucks. The Chalk Hill Blue (P. Corydon, Stephens) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths; above of a silvery blue, with a deep black marginal band; be- •y neath brown-ash, with numerous eye-like spots ; fringes above spotted with black ; male beneath varies from a chalky white to ash colour. Female brown above, with sometimes a slight tinge of blue near the base of the wings, edged with yellow spote ; under generally darker than the male, and the spots more dis¬ tinct. Frequent in the neighbourhood of Dover, Kent, Hants, Sussex, Suffolk, Dorset; in chalky places. The Clifden Blue (P. Adonis, Stephens) appears the end of May and middle of August. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half; silvery blue, with a black marginal streak; beneath ^ ash-coloured, with numerous eye-like spots ; fringe on both sides white, interrupted by brown. Male very shining light blue ; fe¬ male brown above, edged with a few yellow spots surrounded with black ; beneath like the male. Caterpillar, green, with rows of tawny spots on the back; feeds on clover. Chrysalis green or brown. Kent, Suffolk, and Dorset. TheDorylas (P. Dorylas, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third ; above bright blue ; beneath pale ash colour, with a central black patch; a streak of eye-like spots towards the hinder margin, and the margin itself whitish. Most probably the same as P. Alexis. Found with the preceding. Suffolk, De¬ von. The Kent Blue (P. Icarius, Stephens). Wings one inch one-third ; pale blue, with black margins ; beneath a.sh coloured, vdth an arched series of eye like dots, and marginal tawny spots. Female brown, with indistinct tawny edgings. Rare. Kent. The Alexis (P. Alexis, Stephens) appears the end of May y., and middle of August. Wings one inch to one Inch five- twelfths ; above silky-blue, without spots, with a black marginal streak; underneath ashy, with numerous eye-like spots, and a COiVSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 19 marginal tawny spotted band; fringes white. Males vary un¬ derneath from chalky white to ash colour; females sometimes of a light black above, sometimes half purple, and in fine speci¬ mens of a beautiful purple, always edged with tawny or orange- coloured spots, on the under surface often forming a continuous line, on which are marginal black spots. Caterpillar, green, hairy, with a dark line on the back; feeds upon grasses, the wild liquorice, and barren strawberry. Chrysalis dark brown. Very common throughout England. The Cupid Blue (P. Eros, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-sixth; above pale silvery or greenish blue, without spots; beneath brownish grey, with numerous eye-like dots; the second pair having a very indistinct yellowish marginal band. Kent, Surrey. The Lead Blue (P. Argus, Stephens) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third; above lilac- tinted blue, with a black margin ; underneath bluish. The first ■yf pair with eye-like spots, and a faint tawny band; at the poste¬ rior margin of the second pair an orange tawny band, in which are six silvery spots. Female, brown above with tawny margin. X Caterpillar, green, hairy, with white warts, and a reddish brown line, edged with white on the back and sides, and some oblique streaks of the same colour on the sides; head and legs brown ; feeds on meUlot, broom, and saintfoin. Chrysalis at first green, then brown. Common. Surrey, Kent, Hants, Dorset, Cambridge¬ shire, Suffolk, Norfolk. The Brown Argus (P. Agesiis, Stephens) appears the begin¬ ning of June and middle of August. Wings one inch to one inch one-fourth; above brown on both sides, with a red spotted mar¬ ginal band; beneath greyish brown, with numerous eye-like dots; fringe variegated with white and brown; the first pair ^ with a black spot on the disc. Males are of a lighter colour underneath than females. Near London, Norwich, Ipswich, in Suffolk, Essex, Dorset. The Durham Argus (P. Salmacis, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-tw^elfth to one inch one-sixth ; dusky black, xmderneath dingy, with somewhat eye-like spots; first pair with a dot above, in the male black, in the female white; second pair in both with a red band near the margin. Durham. The Scotch Argus (P. Artaxerses, Stephens) appears at the end of July. Wings one inch to one inch one-sixth; above brownish black; on both sides of the first pair a white spot on the disc, the second pair with reddish crescents ; underneath, a white margin with a row of orange spots. Male, lighter than the female. Local, near Edinburgh and Dumfries, Scotland; Devon. The Durham specimens, probably P. Salmacis. The Spotless Brown (P. Titus, Stephens). Said to be Bri¬ tish on doubtful authority. 20 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. HESPERID^ (Swainson). THYMELE (Fabricius). Palpi rather longfer than the head, very hairy, the tip joint blunt; antenrxB with more than thirty joints, longish, with the clubbed tip spindle-shaped, curved, and ending in a sharp hook; legs long, with minute forked claws and cushions filling the spaces between them; wings entire; upper wings broad, short, triangular, and roundish posteriorly ; under wings broad, rondo- triangular, and slightly toothed. Egg not known ; caterpillar without hairs or spines j chrysalis with the head notched. The Grizzle {Thymele Alveolus, Stephens) appears about the end of May. Wings from five-sixths to one inch one-sixth; above black, with numerous white square spots on both surfaces, sometimes confluent; underneath greenish-grey. Fringe white, barred with black. Herts, Essex, Kent, Wilts, Yorkshire, Cam¬ bridgeshire. The Mallow {Th. Malva, Stephens). Said to be British by the mistake of confounding it with Th. Pages. The Dinoy Skipper {Th. Pages, Stephens) appears about the end of May and middle of July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-third; above brown, indistinctly clouded with ashy-gp:ey; with indistinct scattered white dots on both surfaces, and a mar¬ ginal series of white dots; beneath grey: the colours more obscure in the male. Caterpillar, bright green, with a brown head and a yeUow stripe, dotted with black down the back and sides, feeds on field eryngo, and bird’s-foot trefoil. Chrysalis, the fore part dull green, the latter part reddish. Uncommon : Cumberland, Yorkshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Middlesex, Kent, Sur¬ rey, Devon. The Georgian Grizzle ( Th. Oileus, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. PAMPHILA, (Fabricius). Palpi short, flat, in some very thickly clothed with scales and short stiff bristles, in others thickly clothed with scales alone; antenna; rather long, the clubbed tip spindle-shaped, in most cases ending in a hook ; head rather large; upper wings lon^sh, and almost triangular; under wings with a very minute tail at the posterior angle. Egg not known; caterpillar downy; chrysalis with the head sharp. The Checquered Skipper {Pamphila Paniscus, Stephens) appears the end of May. Wings one inch one-sixth to onel fourth; above blackish brown, spotted with tawny; beneath yellowush brown; second pair with twelve whitish spots. Female larger than the male. Caterpillar, dark brown on the back, with the sides paler with two yellow stripes, head black, and an CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 21 orange-coloured ring round the neck; feeds on the great plan¬ tain. Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire, Oxfordshire, Devonshire. The Wood Skipper (P. Sfflvius, Stephens^. Said to be British on doubtful authority. The Great Streak Skipper (P. Linea, Stephens) appears tile end of July. Wings one inch to one inch one-fourth; above tawny, without spots in the female, with veins and mar¬ gins black; underneath, the second pair are tawny ash colour. The male has an oblique black line in the centre of the first pair. Caterpillar, solitary, green, with a dark line on the back and sides. Chrysalis yellowish green. Abundant: near London, Kent, Cambridgeshire. The Clouhed Skipper {P. Sylvamts, Stephens) appears the end of May, and in July. Wings one inch one-sixth to five- twelfths; above brown, with pale giiuare spots; underneath yellowish white. Male has an oblique brown line on the upper wings, like the P. Linea, which is wanting in the female. Kent, Yorkshire, Devon, Cambridgeshire, and near Newcastle. The Peari, Skipper [P. Comma, Stephens) appears the middle of August. Wings one inch one-sixth to five-twelfths ; tawny or grey, with pale or whitish square spots on both sur¬ faces ; the male has an oblique black patch in the centre of the first pair. Caterpillar, dull green, with a row of black spots on the back and .sides, head black, with a white collar, feeds on the CoronUla varia. Sussex, Middlesex, Wilts. RAnnoN’s Skipper (P. Bucephalus, Stephens). Said to be British without authority. The Bordered Skipper (P. Vitellitis, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. SPHINGINA (Rennie). ZYGMNJDjE (Leach). INO (Leach). The Green Forester {Jno Statices, Leach) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch to one inch one-third; first pair above blue-green j underneath brovra; the second pair on both sides are brown; antenrue pectinated and club-shaped. Cater¬ pillar, dusky, with two lines of white crescents on the back; feeds on sorrel. Chrysalis dusky. Not common. Kent, Surrey, Hert fordshire, Essex, Middlesex, Yorkshire, Cambridgeshire, North- ftimberland. The Blue-green Forester (/. GlofiwlariiC, Stephens). Sup¬ posed by Stephens to be only a variety of I. Statice, ANTHROCERA (Scopoli). The MelilotBurnet {AnthrnceraMeliloti, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third ; first pair greenish-blue, or greenish-black, transparent, with five red spots ; second pair red, with an indistinct greenish margin. Caterpillar, green, head and fore legs black, with a white stripe on the hack, and a line of black spots on the sides; feeds on clover. Chrysalis yellowish white, with the back and wing-cases dusky. Rare. Surrey. The Trefoil Burnet (A. Trifolii, Stephens) appears the end of May or beginning of June. Wings eleven-twelfths, or one inch one-sixth to one-fourth; first pair greenish blue, with five red spots, two of which are in the middle, and frequently con¬ fluent; underneath of uniform colour; second pair red, with a broad greenish blue margin. Caterpillar dull yellow, with rows of black spots ; it feeds on trefoil. Chrysalis black. Abundant. Devonshire, Hants, Cambridgeshire, Northumberland, Middlesex. Probably only a variety of A. Loti. The Five Spot Burnet (A. Loti, Stephens) apears in June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair deep greenish CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 23 blue, with five red spots; underneath of uniform colour; second pair red, with the border broad, wavy, and dark blue. Easily dis¬ tinguished from the preceding by the waved margin of the hinder wings. Caterpillar pale green, with a row of black spots on the back and sides; underneath the spots on the sides the females have a bright yellow streak; feeds on trefoil. Chry¬ salis yellowish, having the wing-cases black. Not common. Kent. The Triple Spot Burmbt (A. Seahiosee, Stephens) appears the end of May and beginning of June. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one-sixth to one-fourth. First pair green, with three longish red streaks; second pair red, with a deep blue margin. Doubtful as a native, or probably only a variety of A. Loti. The Liquorice Burnet (A. Hippocrepidis, Stephens) appears the middle and end of June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to seven-twelfths; first pair bluish black, with six red spots; second pair red, with a greenish blue margin, waved internally :'the abdomen without spots. Caterpillar, greenish, on eaqh side a yellowish stripe and a row of black spots; feeds on the wild liquorice. Chrysalis dingy brown, with a greenish abdomen spotted with black. Not common. Surrey, Kent. The Six Spot Burnet (A. Filipendulce, Stephens) appears the end of June or beginning of July. Wings one inch one- half to seven twelfths; first pair azure blue, with six blood- red spots; second pair deep red, with an indistinct dark blue yr margin; abdomen spotless black. Cafer^iii/ar primrose yellow, ^ with three rows of black spots on the back, and a row of smaller ones on each side; head black; feeds on plantain, clover, dande- , lion, mouse-ear, hawkseed, quake grass, &c. Chrysalis yellow. Common. North of England, Devonshire, South Wales, near London. The Sulphur-Wort Burnet (A. Peucedani, Stephens). A doubtful species. SPHINGIDJS (Leach). SMERINTHUS (Latreille). The Eybp Hawk {Smerinthus occellatus, Latreille) appears the end of May. Wings of the male two inches three-fourths to three inches; femalethree inches and one-half to two-thirds; first pairangulated,rosy-ash coloured, with aslanting.clouded,central ^ band, and posterior margin irregularly brown; second pair rosy /*■ at the base, the tips much paler, with a large blue eyelet near the posterior angle. Caterpillar, very rough, of a fine green, with slanting white stripes on the sides; the fore legs rose-red; feeds on willows, poplars, and fruit-trees. Chrysalis blackish brown, subterranean. Abundant. Essex, near London, Devon, Yorkshire, Cambridgeshire, Surrey, Westmoreland. The Poplar Hawk (Sm. Poptili, Ljvtrbille) appears the end ofjune. Wings of the male three inches to three inches one-half; 24 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. female three inches one-half to four inches one-third, irregularly indented, gn^ey clouded with reddish; first pair with a white cres¬ cent on the disc ; second pair with a large rust-coloured blotch at the base. The thorax and abdomen ashy and spotless. Cater- pillar, solitary, rough, green, with a yellow line on each side, and with slanting white stripes ; feeds on poplars. Chrysalis dingy brown. Common. Surrey, Devonshire, Westmoreland, Northumberland, Cambridgeshire, South of England. The Limb Hawk {Sm. Tilice, Latrbii,i,e) appears the middle of May. Wings of the male two inches one-sixth to two-thirds; fe¬ male two inches one-third to three inches ; somewhat three-lobed, grey, clouded with rosy-grey, sometimes iron-red, with an inter- )< rupted centrsd band, the posterior fringe olive-brown; second pair grey, with an indistinct brownish band, terminating in the posterior angle. Caterpillar, solitary, rough, fore-part slender, green with slanting red or yeUow stripes, feeds on the lime, elm, alder, birch, and oak. Chrysalis dusky brown. Abundant. Hertfordshire, Surrey, Essex, Yorkshire, Devonshire. ACHERONTIA (Ochsenheimer). The Death’s-Head Hawk [Acherontia Atropos, Ochsexhei- MER) appears the end of September or beginning of October. Wmgs of the malefour inches one-third to two-thirds; female four inches five-sixths to five inches one-twelfth; first pair brown, clouded with yellowish, with a white spot on the disc; second pair greyish, with two deep brown bands. Abdomen yellowish ' brown, with belts, and an interrupted black line down the back. Caterpillar, solitary, posteriorly yellow, spotted with black, with slanting lines on the sides, of which the first half are blue, the remainder green; seldom ventures out during the day-time, feeds on potatoe, jasmin, thorn-apple, spindle-tree, hemp, elder, woody nightshade, &c. Chrysalis brown, with five black points on each side. Not common. Ayrshire, Berwickshire, Surrey, and WUts. SPHINX. The Tobacco Hawk {Sphinx Carolina, Linn^us). Indige¬ nous to North America, but doubtful as English. The Yellow-spot Unicorn Hawk {Sph. quinqxie Maculatus, Haworth). Imported like the preceding, from America 1 The Unicorn Hawk {Sph. ConvolmiU, hiysMvs) appears in September. Wings of the male four inches one-third to one-half; female four inches one-half to two-thirds; firstpair ash-coloured, , clouded with black and brown, with a few zigzag black lines; y the second pair with four irregular black bands. Head, ash- coloured ; thorax ashy-brown, with indistinct dark lines ; abdo¬ men deep ash, with about five red spots, surmounted with white and black. Caterpillar, green, spotted with black or brown, with ding:y yellow slanting stripes down the sides, horn dingy^, feeds on the greater and lesser bindweeed. Chrysalis bright brown. Rather rare. Caithness, York, South Wales, Cumber¬ land, Cambridge, Middlesex, Surrey, Kent, Cornwall. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 25 Drury’s Hawk {Sph. Drureei, Donovan). Supposed to have been imported from America. The Privet Hawk {Sph. lAgmtri, Linnaeus) appears the end of -Tuneandbeginningof July. Wings of the male three inches one half to four inches one quarter j female four inches one-sixth to five- sixths ; flrstpalr ash-coloiired, pale at the base, with a broad dingy band drawn lengthwise from the inner margin to the tip ; second ^ pairrosy,withthreeblackbands; abdomenpurple.withblackrings, interrupted on the back with ash colour, with a line down the back. CixlertnUar, dingy reddish-green; feeds on the privet, common and Persian lilac, elder, ash, &c. Chrysalis bright reddish-brown, with the tip slightly forked. Rather uncommon. Hertfordshire, SuiTey, Kent, Cambridgeshire, Yorkshire, Cumberland. The Pine Hawk {Sph. Pinnstri, Linn^seus) appears in June.- Wings three inches one-sixth to five-twelfths ; ash colour; thorax with three black lines lengthwise : first pair with three unequal black lines in the centre, and a whitish stripe along the sides of the corselet and posterior margin; sides of the corselet red, with black bands, with a line on the back and three on the belly, all black. Caterpillar, light brown, with a dark yellow stripe on the sides, head dusky; neck varied with dusky and brown; seg¬ ments -with eight slanting black lines; the horn black, divided at the tip ; feeds on various species of the pine. Chrysalis grey- brown. Rare. Scotland, near Edinburgh; Sussex. The Plebeian Hawk {Sph. plebeia, Fabkicius). Said to be British on very doubtful authority. The Variegated Hawk {Sph. pmcila, Stephens). Said to be British on very doubtful authority. DEILEPHILA (Ochsenhei.mer). The Spurge Hawk {Deilephita Eicphorbia, OcHsisNHEiMEa) appearsthe beginning of June. Wings of the maletwoinchesfive- sixths, female three inches one-twelfth; first pair grey, with a broad posterior streak and two spots on the upper edge greenish ; the second pair red, with a band and the outer margin black; the antennse white; the head white, with a greenish top. Ca¬ terpillar, in its first state quite black, afterwards spotted vrith red, and lastly with a black skin having whitish points; feeds on va¬ rious kinds of spurge. Chrysalis pale yellowish brown, with longish wing-cases. Rare. Devonshire, Warwickshire. The Madder Hawk {!). Oallii, Leach) appears the begin¬ ning of June. Wings two inches five-sixths to three inches; the first pair greenish, with a whitish streak length-wise; the second pair black, with a pale band clouded with red; the antennae bro-wn, with white tips; the back dotted -with white. Caterpillar, olive- green, -with a yellowish line on the back ; feeds on the yellow lady’s bed-straw, wild madder, and dyer’s madder. Chrysalis dark brown. Rare. Near London, Kent, Cornwall, Devonshire. The Striped Hawk {D. Livornica, Curtis) appears in June. Wings three inches one-fourthj the first pair indistinct green, with a whitish streak drawn from the base to the tip, obliquely 26 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. intersected by six white veins resembling lines; the second pair black, with a broad streak drawn lengthwise from the base to the hinder margin, clouded with red; all the margins, except the upper, are dingy white. Caterpillar, yellowish at the tail, spotted with black, with the head, a line on the back, and spiracles rose- coloured ; feeds on the yellow lady’s bed-straw, and on the vine. Chrysalis rosy brown. Rare. Norfolk, near London, Devonshire. The Carrot Havtk {D. Dawns, Stephens). Indigenous to North America, and doubtful as British; or probably a variety of D. Livornica. The Sharp Winged Hawk (D. Celerio, Ochsenheimer) ap¬ pears in July. Wings of the male two inches flve-sixtlis, female three inches one twelfth; the first pair greyish, with white longi¬ tudinal lines lengthwise, and a bright sUv’ery band; the second pair brown, with the base and six spots on the hinder margin rose- coloured. Caterpillar, brown, with two whitish lines on the sides, and two eyelets on each side of the neck; feeds on the vine. Chrysalis dingy brown. Rare. Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Ox¬ fordshire, Warwickshire, Lancashire. The Silvery Hawk (D. argentata, Stephens). Very doubt¬ ful as British. The Elephant Hawk {D. Elpenor, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June. Wings two inches one-sixth to two thirds; the first pair olive-coloured, with three slanting reddish purple streaks. The second pair anteriorly black, posteriorly rosy. Caterpillar, dingy brown, with two blue eyelets on each side of the neck; feeds on the yellow lady’s bed-straw, hairy wiUow herb, vine, &c. Chrysalis anteriorly dull grey, posteriorly brown, with the spiracles obscure. Not uncommon; near London, Hertfordshire, Surrey, Devonshire, Shropshire, Cambridgeshire, Yorkshire, Northumberland. The Pig Hawk (D. Porcellus, Ochsenheimer) appears thg beginning of June. Wings one inch five-sixths, to two inches Y one-twelfth; the first pair varied with yellow and purple; second ' pair brown at the base, with a yellow band and purple margin; underneath the abdomen dotted with white. Caterpillar browm, with three bluish eyelets on both sides round the neck. Chry¬ salis blackish. Ratiier scarce. Surrey, ShiX)pshire, Warwick¬ shire, Yorkshire, Dorset, Wiltshire, Hants, Cambridgeshire, near London. SESSIIDJE (Stephens). MACROGLOSSA (Ochsenheimer). The Humming Bird Hawk {Maeroglossa Stellatarum,Ociis,Tiii- heimer) appears the end of April, June, and Au^st. Wings one inch three-fourths to two inches; first pair dingy brown, with two waved black streaks, with a spot or circle between them; second pair rust colour, with the hinder margin dingy, tinged with rusty brown, the fringe whitish; the sides of the CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 27 abdomen varied with black and white. Caterpillar, speckled with white, with a yellowish line on the side; feeds on various kinds of bed-straw and dyer’s woad. Chrysalis pale brown. Not uncommon. Kent, Hertfordshire, Surrey, Cambridgeshire, Yorkshire, Northumberland, Hants. SESIA (FABRICtUS). The Drove Bee Hawk (Sesia Fucifmnis, Stephens) appears the end of May and beginning of June. Wings one inch two thirds to three fourths j olive brown ; the abdomen tawny, with a broad black band; the margin of the wings light brown. Ca. terpillar feeds on the devil’s bit scabious. Chrysalis brown. Very rare. Near London, Berkshire, Cambridgeshire, Hants. The Bee Fey Hawk (S. Bombyliformis, Stephens) appears the end of May. Wings one inch two thirds to five sixths; green¬ ish yellow, with a band and broad margin blackish purple; the y abdomen greenish yellow. Caterpillar, green, with a yellow stripe on the sides and back, horn straight and reddish brown ; feeds on the honeysuckle and bed-straw. Chrysalis dusky brown; with yellowish streaks. Not common. Surrey, Kent, Essex, Hants, Yorkshire. The Cimbex Hawk (S. Cimbiciformis, Stephens) indigenous to North America, and doubtful as British. ^GERIID^ (Stephens). TROCHILIUM (Scopoli). The Bee Hawk (Trochilium Api/ormis, Stephens) appears the end of Jane. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to five-sixths; brownish, with the margins and nervures brown; head yellow; thorax black, with four yeUow spots; abdomen yellow, with the second and fourth rings black. Caterpillar, whitish, head brown, feeds on the trunk and boughs of the poplar and aspen. Chry¬ salis brown, the segments fringed. Not common. Essex, Surrey. The Hornet Hawk (Tr. Crafironi/oTvnis, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; iron red, head j black ; thorax brown, with a dull yellow spot on each side, with a narrow yellow collar; abdomen yellow, and with two black rings. Caterpillar, whitish, with a brown spot on several of the rings near the legs ; feeds under the bark of the sallow. Chry¬ salis brown, the rings fringed. Not very common. Kent, Nor¬ thumberland. jEGERIA (PABRictirs). The Breeze Hawk {Mgeria Asiliformis, Leach) a^ears in June. Wings el even-twelfths to one inch one-fourtKf first pah- tawny; second pair brown; abdomen brown, with tnjee yellow belts. Rare. Near London, Kent. The Sphbx Hawk [M. Sphegiformis, Fabri^ius) appears in July. Wings one inch; dusky, with the matgins, a posterior 28 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. band, and the tips, bluish black ; the antennce bluish black, with a broad whitish band; abdomen above with a whitish spot, and two underneath. Caterpillar is said by Oehlniann to feed on the birch. Very rare. Southgate woods, north of London, and m the Isle of Wight. The ICHNEU.M05N Hawk {M. IchnenmoniformU, Curtis) appears iu June. Wings hve-sixths to eleven-tvvelfths of an inch j transparent, and brownish black : margin and tip dark yellowish brown, with a reddish streak, black on the inner edge; abdomen black, with several equidistant yellow bands. Rather scarce. Cornwall, Devonshire, Yorkshire, Isle of Wight, Sussex. The Ruby Ply Hawk {M. Chrysidiformis, Curtis). Wings one inch five-sixths; bluish black, first pair with the margins and tips saffron j’ellow, and a central black spotj abdomen bluish black, with two whitish rings. Very rare. The Gall Fly Hawk {M. Cynipiformis, Leach) appears the end of May and beginning of June. Wings one inch three- fourths to eleven twelfths, blue black; first pair with the tip, a slanting line on the disc, nervures, and margins, brown; the outer edge of the line on the disc saffron yellow; abdomen with five yellow rings; feet tawny, with black joints. Not scarce. Coorabe and Darenth woods, Cheltenham, and in Clapham Park wood. The Curra.vt Hawk {M. Tipulifoimis, Leach) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, blue black ; first pair with the margin, tip, and line on the disc as in the preceding; tip vrith streaks of gold yellow; abdomen with a black tuft at the tad, and the alternate segments yellow. Cater¬ pillar, solitary, rather hairy, whitish, head and legs brownish, with an obscure line on the back; feeds upon the pith of the currant tree. Common. York, and near Newcastle, London. The Red Belted Hawk Mutillmformis, Curtis) appears in June. Wings one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, blue black; first pair above with the nervures, margins, tip, and broad slanting band on the disc, bluish black, beneath golden yellow; second pair with the upper edge golden yellow, a spot and margins bluish black; abdomen shining, with a yellow ring. Not abundant. Near London, Hertford, Ripley, and Dublin. The Gnat Hawk (yE. Culiciforniis, Stephens) appeal's in June. Wings five-sixths to one inch, bluish black; the palpi tawny underneath. Caterpillar, dingy white, with the hearl rusty brown; feeds under the bark of fruit trees. Chrysalis brown, the segments fringed. Scarce. Near London and Dublin. The Stomoxys Hawk (j®. Stomoxyformis, Stephens) ap¬ pears the beginning of July. \A ings eleven and one half lines, like the preceding. Corselet 'with two orange tawny lines; the abdomen with a belt, and spots on the sides, tawny orange. Rare. Gravesend. Curtis says this is the female of Mu- tillceformis. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 29 The Ant Hawk {/E. Formiciformis, Leach) appears the middle of June. Wings eight to ten and a half lines, blue- black ; first pair with the upper edge and a slanting line on the disk, orange brown, with the tip flame yellow; second pair with the nervures and margins brown; the abdomen black, with a broad flame-red belt, the tuft at the tail black, with a white streak on each side. Not common. Ireland, Lincolnshire, and near Limehouse. The Day Fly Hawk (yE. Ephemerceformis). Antennis pecti- nated; the tip hairy; wings blue-black, with yellowish brown nervures; abdomen without belts. Very rare. Yorkshire. BOMBYCINA (Rennie). HEPILADM (Stephens). HEPIALUS (Fabricius). The Goloen Swift {Hepialus Heetm, Fabricius) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch to one inch one-third; first pair very bright yeUow in the msile, ashy-brown in the female, with three slanting bands of gold yellow spots; the second pair dingy. Not rare. Cumberland, Devonshire, near London. The Variable Swift (K. lupulinus, Fabricius) appears the end of May. Wings, male one inch to one inch one-fom-th, female one inch one-fourth to seven-twelfths; fir.st pair yeUow in the male, dusky-ash in the female, with a central streak, and two bands white ; the external one interrupted with a row of spots; the second pair ash-coloured. Caterpillar dusky, with black spots. Not uncommon in grassy meadows. The Ghost Swift {H. Humuli, Fabricius) appears the middle of June. Wings, male one inch two-tliirds to two inches one-twelfth, female one inch five-sixths to three inches; snowy white in the male; the female has the first pair yellow, with streaks or spots; second pair dusky. Caterpillar, cream-coloured, ■with a brown head; feeds on the roots of the hop and burdock. Chrysalis dark brown. Common in churchyards, whence its name. Scotland, Ireland, near London. The Beautiful Swift {H. Velleda, Haworth) appears the middle of June. Wings of the male one inch fom'-sixths to five-sixths, female two inches one-sixth to one half; varied with yellow, livid, and white, with a row of white or silvery spots on the hinder margin, and brown spots on the upper edge. Caterpillar is said to feed on the fern. Local. Darenth, York, Cheshire, Derbyshire, WUts, Kent, Scotland. The Livid Swift {H. carntts, Fabricius). Wings, of the male one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, female two inches one- fourth to two-thirds, livid; first pair, clouded with -white and yellow, with a series of pale spots on the inner -edge; nearly spotless in the female. North of England, Warwfck. Perhaps a variety of H. Velleda. 30 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Orange Swift (H. sylvinm, Ochsenhkimer) appesirs in August and September. Wings of the male one inch to one inch one-third, female one inch one-half to five-sixths; male above yeUowish-brow/n, with a wavy slanting white streak at the base, and another at the hinder margin; a smaU indistinct brown spot on the disc, bound internally with white near the centre. The female has a large patch of dingy white at the base, and a row of darkish spots on the upper edge. Second pair brown, with a yellowish margin. Not rare. Lee, Birchwood, near Hertford, Stoke Newington, and York. ZEUZERA (Latrielle.) The Wood Leopard {Zmzera Msculi, Latreille) appears in JiBy. Wings of the male two inches one-sixteenth, female two inches two-thirds to five-sixths; somewhat naked, and trans¬ lucent ; snowy-white, with the veins and upper edge yellowish; thickly scattered over with numerous bluish-black spots. Second pair more faintly, and not so numerously spotted, except on the margins; spotless at the inner angle. Thorax white, with twelve black spots. Caterpillar, deep yeUow, dotted with black, head and tail black ; feeds on the wood of the pear and apple, walnut, elm, Ume, horse-chestnut, ash, beech, buxh, oak, &c. Chrysalis pale brown. Rather rare. Norfolk, Warwick, W'Uts, Essex, Cam¬ bridge, and Surrey. COSSUS (Fabricius). The Goth Moth {Cossus lipniperda, Fabricius) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings of tlie male two inches five-tenths to three inches one-fourth, female three inches one- half to three-fourths; clouded with grey and brown, w'ith nu¬ merous slanting black streaks : corselet whitish, with a poste¬ rior black band. Caterpillar, dull yellow, with a brown-red back, yellowish underneath, head black, with eight brown spiracles on each side; feeds upon oak, willow, aspen, and poplar. Pupa brown, with indented fringes to the segments. Not common. Near London, Kingston, Bottisham, and Deptford. NOTODONTJDyE (Stephens). PYGBERA (Ochsenhkimer). The Buff Tip {Fygoera bucephala, Ochsenheimer) appears the middle or end of June. Wings of the male two inches one- sixth to one-half, female two inches two-thirds to eleven-twelfths. First pair silvery ash, with a double anterior streak, rust-co¬ loured black; also a double posterior streak, interrupted and more wavy black, rust-coloured, with a large yellow spot at the tip. Caterpillar, hairj', dusky yellow, above spotted with black, head black, \vlth a yellow spot, legs outwardly black, inwardly yellow; feeds on the Ume, oak, willow, elder, elm, and chestnut. Pupa subterraneous, brown spotted with yellow. Common. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 31 CI,OSTERA. The Rust Tip {Clostera anastomosis (Stephens). Said to be British on very doubtful authority. The Recluse {Clostera reclvsa, Stephens) appears the end of May. Wings of the male one inch to one inch one-sixteenth, female one inch to one inch one-fourth; brown; first pair ashy-brown, with four anastomosing white streaks, a reddish- brown patch near the tip, and a white marginal spot. Second pair dark brown, Caterpillar, brown, with a broad line on the back, yellowish-white, the sides with a chain-like series of yel¬ low circles; feeds on the aspen in September, Pupa brown. Rare. Darenth and Birch woods, Epping, Cambridge, and Dublin. The Anchoeet {Cl. anachoreta, Stephens). Wings of the male one inch one-fourth, female one inch one-third; grey, with four whitish streaks, the fourth wavy, and passing over the rusty-brown spot at the tip; towards the posterior angle two black spots, the inner one largest. Caterpillar, brown, hairy, with a flesh-coloured streak on the back, with two warts, and spots on the sides yellow; feeds on wiUows and poplars. Pupa brown. Very rare. The Chocolate Tip {Cl. curtula, Stephens) appears the end of April or beginning of May. Wings of the male one inch one- third to five-twelfths, female one inch one-third to one-half; greyish-ash ; first pair with four nearly sti-aight whitish streaks; the tip reddish-brown, with an indistinct row of five dingy spots. Caterpillar, solitary, hairy, ash-coloured, with four rows of rust- red spots, feeds upon poplars and willows in September. Not common. Near London, Wanstead, and ColeshiU. EPISEMA (OCHSENHEIMBR). The Black Thorn {Episema cceruleocephala, Ochsenhei- MKR) appears the middle of August and in September. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth to five-fwelfths, femal, one inch one-third to one-half; ashy-grey, rather oblonge, with confluent whitish points between two brownish streaks, and an ashy marginal band. Female rather darker. Caterpillar, smoot\\, bluish, with yellow Imes and black spots; feeds on the white thorn, black thorn, and fruit trees. Pupa brown, within a strong silken web. Common. Near London. CERURA (SCHRANK). The Twin Point {Cerura bicuspis, Stephens) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch one-sixth to five-twelfths, female one inch one-third to one-half; snowy-white; first pair, the base and hinder margin, spotted with black, with a slanting ash-coloured waved band. Second pair with a central ^ot, and nervures dingy yellow. Caterpillar, saffron-yellow, with three reddish-brown spots on the sides, greenish underneath, feeds on willow. Rare. Darenth Wood, and near Dublin. 32 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Entire (C. Integra, Stephens). Wings one inch seven- twelfths ; whitish; first pair spotted with black at the base and posterior margin, followed by a slanting ashy band, margined on both sides with black; corselet ash-grey, with three slanting black bands. Caterpillar ? green, with a violet purple spot, and a series of red spots on the back, margined vrith yellowish; feeds on birch. Rare. Coombe Wood ? The Kitten Schrank) appears in July. Wrings of the male one inch one-sixth to one-third, female one inch one-fourth to one-half; grey; first pair, with black spots at the base and hinder margin, with a central ashy band, terminated by several dingy streaks; a row of dingy spots on the margin, and whitish fringe: corselet anteriorly grey, with a black slanting band; posteriorly brown. Caterpillar, ^een, smooth, solitarj-, with a forked tail; feeds on various species of willow, aspen, and poplar. Pupa brown, in a hard case. Rare. Near London, at Coombe and Darenth woods, Hertford, Ripley, Epping Forest, York, and ColeshiU. The Bow (C. arcuafa, Stephens). Wings one inch five- twelfths ; dingy ash; first pair with black spots like the preced¬ ing, with a narrow slanting ashy band, margined with black, with a posterior waved streak of bowlike lines ; corselet ante¬ riorly ashy-grey. Caterpillar, pale green, with a bluish back, sides with a wliite furrow, spotted -with red ; feeds upon wUlows. Rare. Coombe Wood. The Broad B.ar (C. latifascia, Curtis). Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two-thirds; whitish; like the preceding, with a broad ashy band, varied with orange, and bordered with black ; corselet bluish-black, with two faint orange bands, anteriorly ashy-grey. Rare. Near London, Linton, and North Devon. The Kittenbt (C. fvscinula, Stephens) appears in July. W'ings of the male one inch two-thirds, female one inch two- thirds to five-twelfths; whitish; first pair with the base sind posterior margin spotted w'ith black, with an ashy slanting band, waved outwardly ; collar grey. Caterpillar, emerald green, with brown heatl and blue back, feeds on birch and oak. Rare. Near London, Darenth Wood, and Epping Forest. The Cleft {C. bifida, Leach). Wings of the male one inch two-thirds; female one inch five-sixths to eleven-twelfths; whit¬ ish ; first pair with the base and posterior margin spotted with black, and an ashy-grey slanting band bordered with black. The second pair with an orange border : corselet grey, streaked %vith black and orange. Rare. Near London, Darenth Wood, and nearLimehouse. The Puss (C. Vinula, Schrank) appears the end of May and beginning of August. Wings of the male two inches one- half to three quarters, female three inches one-twelfth to one- third ; white ashy-grey in the female, first pair with the upper edge spotted with black; nerimres yellow; two convergent and slanting rows of black spots near the base, followed by a brown w'aved streak; towards the middle a black crescent, pointing out- CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 33 wards; between which and the tip are two very acutely waved brownish slanting streaks; second pair with a dingy crescent spot on the disc, and one or two spots on the hinder margin, to¬ wards the posterior angle. Caterpillar, solitary, green, with a brownish back; feeds on the poplar, wjUow, and sallow. Pupa brown, enclosed in a hard case. Not common in many parts of England. York, CEunbridge, and near London. The Ermine Ptrss {C. ei-minea, Stephens). Wings of the male, two inches one-quarter to one-half, female three inches, white; first pair with several black spots at the base, followed by three or four waved streaks, towards the middle a crescent on the disc, behind which are three strongly indented dingy slanting waved streaks s second pair with a crescent on the disc, and row of black dots on the margin. Caterpillar, red¬ dish-brown, sprinkled with white on the back, and with lines on the sides; feeds on the poplar, willow, and aspen. Pupa pale brown. Rare. Birchwood, and near- London? but somewhat doubtful as a native. STAUROPUS (Germar). The Beech (Stauropus Fagi, Gbr.mar) appears in July. Wings of the male two inches one-third to one-half; female two inches one-half to two-thirds; ashy-brown; first pair above the base with a linear yellowish wavy streak, and beyond the centre another very much waved, and indented; towards the. hinder margin is a waved row of black spots. Caterpillar, brown; the six fore legs longish; the tail turned down with two horns; feeds on the beech, oak, lime, alder, and sloe. Pupa brown, enclosed in a case. Rare. Hants, Essex, Norfolk, and Kent. NOTODONTA (Ochsenheimer). The Dromedary (Notodonta dromedarius, Stephens) appears the beginning of June and in August. Wings of the male one inch one-third to two-thirds; female one inch two-thirds to eleven-twelfths; reddish-brown; first pair, with a yellowish blotch at the base, and two whitish indented streaks; second pair with an indistinct whitish band. Caterpillar, solitary, smooth, green, with four protuberances on the back, and a tail bent downwards; feeds on alder, beech, hazel, and poplar. Rare. Coombe and Darenth Woods, Norwood, and in Cheshire. The Dark Prominent {N. perftcsca, Stephens) appears in June. Wings of the msde one inch one-half to two-thirds, female one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, brown, with dusky clouds, a dingy anterior band, and a slanting indented streak towards the tip. CaferpiV/nr feeds upon the oak. Pwpa subterraneous. Very rare in England; near Dublin. The Pebble (iV.jKic^ae, Ochsenheimer) appears in May, June, and July. Wings of the male one inch two-thirds to three-fourths, female one inch five-sixths to eleven-twelfths, pale brown; first pair with a square white patch in the middle of the tipper edge, an eye-like spot, purplish, and intersected with black dashes, 34 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. with a marginal black streak, filng-e brown, dotted with white ■, second pair ashy-grey, with a black marginal line, fringe whitish, dark brown towards the posterior angle. Caterpillar, ashy-grey, with a pale stripe on the sides, and a reddish tail, with two bumps on the back; feeds on the poplar and willow. Pupa brown, en¬ closed in a case. Not common. York, Norfolk, Kent, Smrey, and near Dublin. LEIOCAMPA (Stbphens). The Swallow {Leiocampa dictcea, Stephens) appears the beginning of Jime and August. Wings of the male two inches, female two inches one-fourth to one-third; first pair greyish white, margins brown, with a central whitish spot; second pair white, with a dingy patch at the posterior angle. Caterpillar, reddish- brown, with a streak on the back; feeds on poplar, wUlow, and birch. Pupa subterraneous, brown. Not common. Coombe and Darenth woods, near Dover, Epping and York. The Little Swallow (L. dicteBoides, Stephk.vs) appears the end of June. Wings of the maletwoinches,female two inches one- sixth to one-third; first pair greyish wdiite, with a central white spot, and white triangular blotch at the hinder angle; second pair duU white, with a dingy patch at the posterior angle. Cater¬ pillar, pale green, with a yeUow stripe on the sides, and a line on the posterior protuberance; feeds on the poplar, willow, and birch. Not common. Kent, and Surrey. LOPHOPTERYX (Stephens). The Coxcii.mb {Lophopteryx camelina, Stephens) appears the end of April and beginning of August. W ings of the male one inch one half to two-thirds, female one inch two thirds to five-sixths, brown or dingy ; first pair Indented, with a very slender waved black streak at the base, a second towards the middle, and a third rather minute towards the hinder margin on the upper edge, beyond this four spots, and an indistinct pale streak; second pair whitish yellow, wdth the nervures and margin dingy. Caterpillar, smooth, green, ivith pale lines, spiracles and protuberances at the tail piu-plish; feeds on oak, birch, willow, poplar, alder, beech, lime, &c. Common. Near London, Durham, and Cheshire. The Maple (i. cucuUa, Stephens) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch five-twelfths to one half, female one inch one- half to five-sixths; first pair pale yellow, with dark markings, the upper edge with two or three streaks in the centre, with an ashy-white marginal patch; second pair greyish, with a rust)'- brown blotch at the posterior angle. Caterpillar, slightly hairy, pale bluish green; feeds on maple. Rare. Darenth wood, and near Erith. The Car-melitb (L. carmelita, Stephens) appears in March. Wings one inch seven-twelfths, brownish; the first pair whitish at the interior margin, and two white spots on the upper edge; second pair with an indistinct whitish band, and bluish brown patch at tlie posterior angle. Caterpillar, green, with a yellowish line on the back, and a reddish one on the sides; feeds on birch. Rare. Darenth wood. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 35 PTEROSTOMA (Germar). The Pale Prominent {Pterostoma Palpina, Curtis) appears the beginning of June and end of August. Wings of the male one inch one-half to five sixths, female one inch five sixths to two inches one-sixth ; first pair greyish white, with black streaks and nervures, behind the middle an indistinct double row of black spots, and a similar one on the hinder margin, the spots being placed between the nen’ures, fringe pale yellow with dusky and brown. Caterpillar, smooth, green, solitary, with ayellowstripe on the sides; feeds on willow, poplar, and lime. Pupa reddish brown. Rather uncommon. Herts, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. PTILOPHORA (Stephens). The Plumiferous (Ptilophora variegata, Stephens) appears the end of October. Wings of the male one inch one-third to one- half, female one inch one half to two thirds, rusty yellow; first pair with a yellowish bow-like streak behind the centre, nervures dingy, margin and fringe rust brown. Caterpillar, pale green, with bluish line bn the hack, and three white ones on the sides; feeds on maple, birch, and sallow. Pupa red-brown. Rather uncommon. Darenth wood. CHAONIA (Stephens). The Lunar Marbued {Chaonia Roboris, Stephens) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch one-third to seven-twelfths, female one inch two-fhirds, ash-coloured, with two wavy white streaks, and a central broad white band, with a brown crescent. Caterpillar, green or brown, with two yellow lines on the back, and a paler one on each side ; feeds in September on the oak. Scarce. Middlesex, Kent, Surrey and Norfolk. The Dodonean {Ch. dodonea, Stephens) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch one-third to one-half, female one inch one-half to two-thirds, greyish ash; first pair variegated with brownish at the base, a broad band in the centre, with two wavy streaks, white; a triangular dingy blotch on the upper edge, fringe white and brown. Caterpillar, green, with a bright orange yellow stripe on the sides; feeds on tlie oak. Not common. Kent and SmTey. The Oaken {Ch. querna, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. PETASIA (Stephens). The Sprawler {Petasia Cassinea, Stephens) appears in Octo- Nj her. Wings of the male one inch one-half to three-fourths, ^ female one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, grey; flr.st pair with a black line at the base and another on the inner margin, vrith smaller scattered black streaks, and a pale indistinct and almost imperceptible interrupted streak towards the hinder maj-gin; second pair with dingy spots and nervures; a margined line dotted with black. Caterpillar, bright green, with a pale line on the back and two yellow lines on the sides; feeds on -lime, sedlow, n 2 36 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. oak, beech, privet, &c. Pupa brown. Rare. • Herts, Warwick, Kent, Surrey, and Hants. PERIDEA (Stephens). The Trembler {Peridea serrata, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings of the male two inches one-sixth to one - fourth, female two inches three-fourths to seven-twelfths, grey; first pair two short and indistinctblackwa^'y streaks at the base, the hinder part of the wing with an indistinct brownish crescent, over which is a whitish line, followed by an indistinct waved streak, then two small lines towards the tip, and a row of dull red spots towards the hinder margin, on which is a row of dingy crescents, fringe spotless brown ■, second pair, with a brown marginal line. Caterpillar, solitary, smooth, green, with three protuberances on the back, and with slanting red and yellow stripes on the sides; feeds on the oak. Rare. Kent, Surrey. ENDROMIS (Ochsenheimer). The Kentish Glory {Endromis versieolora, Ochsenheimer) appears in April. Wings of the mate two inches one-third to one- half, female two inches five-sixths to three inches one-sixth, ^ey; first pair with two dingy black streaks, the first before the middle bent outwardly and edged inwardly vrith white, the second behind the middle edged externally with white, between them a dark crescent pointing outwards, three slanting triangular united spots at the tip, nervures bulging and white at the anterior angle; second pair with an indistinct central streak, and a dingy blotch on the upper edge. Caterpillar, green, dotted with brown, with slanting yeUow streaks ; feeds on birch, alder, hazel, beech, and lime. Pupa brown. Uncommon. Norfolk, Sussex, Kent, and Devonshire. BOMBYCJDM (Stephens). AGLAIA (Ochsenheimer). The Tau Emperor {Aglaia Tau, Ochsenhei.mer). Said to be British on doubtful authority. SATURNIA (Schrank). The Emperor Moth {Saturnia Pavemia-minor, Schrank) appears the middle of May and beginning of August. Wings of the male two inches one-half to five-sixths, female two inches one-half to three inches one-half, grey; first pair with three black streaks on the sides, with a large half-closed eyelet, the tip purplish, with one or two black or red spots ; second pair with a half closed eyelet, a grey posterior band, and hinder margin pur¬ plish. Caterpillar, at tat gregarious, green, with a black band lengthwise, afterwards with three black ringlets and yellow warts; feeds on blackthorn, alder, oak, bramble, rose, elder, &c. Pupa brown and very blunt. Not uncommon. York, Lincoln, Norfolk, Salop, Kent, and Surrey. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 37 LASIOCAMPA (Schrank). The Fox {Lasiocampa Rubi, Schrank), appears the end of May and beginning of June. Wings of the male two inches one- third to one-half, female two inches one-half to two-thirds, red¬ dish, without spots; first pair with two slanting whitish streaks in the centre •, second pair with a whitish fringe; the female pale ashy brown. Caterpillar, hairy, black beneath, brown above, with black rings, when young with pale yellow rings ; feeds on the bramble. Pupa dusky, enclosed in a case, with three yeUow rings. Not uncommon. York, Derby, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Grass Egoer {L. Trifolii, Schrank) appears in July and August. Wings of the male two inches one-sixth to one- third, female two inches one-third to one-half; rusty grey; first ixiir with a whitish spot on the disc; second pair spotless. Ca¬ terpillar, solitary, hairy, pale brown, incisures spotted with blue, collar red; feeds on the red clover and plantain. Pupa yellow¬ ish brown. Rare. New Forest, Kent. The Meoic Egoer (i. Medicaginis, Curtis) appears in August. Wings of the male two inches one-sixth to two-thirds, female two inches one-third to seven-twelfths, pale yellow; first pair with a white spot and two whitish streaks; second pair with an indistinct whitish streak in the centre. Caterpillar, pale yeUow, with blackish-blue incisures, and slanting white streaks on the sides; feeds on various kinds of medick. Pupa, brownish, with a greenish abdomen, in a case. Rare. New Forest, near Bristol, The Oak Egoer (i. Quercus, Schrank) appears in August. Wings of the male two inches one-half to five-sixths, female three inches one-twelfth to one-fourth; deep brown in the male, much paler in the female, with a broad yeUow band, arched interiorly; first pair with a central white spot and yeUow patch at the base. Caterpillar, pale yeUow, with black rings, and slanting white streaks on the sides; feeds on the ash, birch, sloe, wiUow, oak, horn-beam, white thorn, and broom. Cocoon dusky. Rare. Near Dublin, near London, New Forest, Devon¬ shire. The Broom Egoer (i. Roboris, Schrank) appears the end of July. Wings of the male two inches one-half to five-sixths, female two inches five-sixths to three inches one-third; of the male brovm, of the female yeUowish grey; first pair with the yellow band less arched, and the central white spot more round than in the preceding; second pair with a yellow fringe. Ca¬ terpillar, yeUow, with black rings, a row of white spots on the back, and slanting white and yeUow streaks on the side. Cocoon yeUow. Not uncommon. Near London, Cambridge, Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex. The Copse Egger (L. Dumeti, Schrank) Said to be British on doubtful authority. TRICHItJRA (Stephens). The Hawthorn {Trichiura Cratcegi, Stephens) appears in September. Wings of the male one inch one-twelfth to one- 38 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS, fourth, female one inch one-sixth to five-twelfths; first pair ashy-grey, with two curved streaks and a central spot dingy; second pair brownish; the female is darker than the male, and has the second pair of wings without spots. Caterpillar, hairy, black with white bands, and four rusty warts; feeds on white thorn, sloe, and willow. Pupa dusky brown. Rather scarce. Essex, Kent, Surrey. PCECILOCAMPA (Stephens). The Dbcbmbbr Moth {Pmailocampa Populi, Stephens) ap¬ pears in December. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, female one inch one-sixth to two-thirds ; chestnut brown; first pair with a pale and very incurved streak near the base, and not reaching to the inner margin, and a second waved behind the middle, the fringe grey and brown; the abdomen tawny brown; thorax black, anteriorly light grey. Caterpillar ashy-grey, darker on the back, with four reddish spots on each ring; feeds on oak, aspen, birch, poplar, lime, rose-tree, white thorn, and fruit trees. Pupa in a silken case. Not common. York, Essex, Herts, Kent, and Surrey. ERIOGASTER (Gbrmab). The Small Egger (Enoga&ter Lanestris, Germar) appears in February and March. Wings of the male one inch one-sixth to one-third, female one inch one-half to five-sixths; pale red; first pair with a large spot at the base, a spot on the disc, and an indistinctly indented streak towards the hinder margin, all white; second pair pale ash coloured in the male, grey in the female. Caterpillar, at first social, hairy, black, with three white spots on each ring, between two red spots; feeds upon sloe, birch, lime, willow, fruit trees, white thorn, &c. Pupa brown. Rather scarce. Essex, Kent, Herts, and Cambridge. CNETHOCAMPA (Stephens). The Procession {Cnethocampa Processionea, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. The Pine Procession (Cre. Pityocampa, Stephens) appears in summer. Wings one inch two-thirds; first pair grey with three dusky waved streaks; second pair pale, with a dusky blotch at the hinder angle. Caterpillar, blackish, with a whitish line on the sides, with yellow hairs on the back, and white on the sides; feeds on various kinds of pine and fir. Pupa brown. Very rare. Devonshire. CLISIOCAMPA (Curtis). The Ground Lackey (Clisiocampa castrensis, Curtis) ap¬ pears on the sea coast in August. Wings of the male one inch one-sixth to one-third, female one inch one-half to three-fourths; first pair pale straw-colour, with two red streaks, and clouded with red; fringe pale yellow, spotted wit^ red. Caterpillar, bluish, with red and black streaks on the back, and red lines on the sides; feeds on various plants, sea-worm wood, birch, plan- CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 39 tain, carrot, &c. Pupa dark-coloured. Rare. Essex, Kent, and Devonshire. The Lackbv {Cl. Neustria, Curtis) appears in July and August. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth to one-half, female one inch one-half to five-sixths; grey, with a darker central band, and pale terminal streak on both sides. Cater¬ pillar, gregarious, yellow, with three red lines on the sides, and a white one on the back; feeds on oak, hazel, sloe, and fruit trees. Pupa brown. Very abundant in the south. EUTRICHA (Stephens). The Pine Lappet (Eutricha Pini, Stephens) appears in July. Wings of the male two inches seven-twelfths to five-sixths, fem^e three inches one-half to two thirds; greyish; first pair, with a large triangular white spot before’ the middle, then an indistinct pale ash-coloured band; beyond the middle a rusty- brown band, margined on each side with grey; second pair deeper grey and spotless. Caterpillar, variegated ■with white, grey, and bro-wn, with bluish rings and red spots on the sides ; feeds on various species of pine. Pupa bro'wn. Rare. Norfolk, and Surrey. ODONESTIS (Germar). The Drinker Moth {Odonestis potatoria, Germar) appears in July. Wings of the male two inches one-third to one-half, female two inches two-thirds to three inches; grey, sprinkled with yellow, with two dusky-brown streaks, and a spot and crescent white. Egg large, flat, and bluish white. Caterpillar, dusky-brown, sides spotted with white; feeds on different spe¬ cies of grass, and lives through the winter. Pupa brown. Very common in lanes and hedge roads. GASTROPACHA, (Ochsenhbimer). The Lappet (Gastropacha Quercifolia, Ochsenhbimer) ap¬ pears in May. Wings of the male two inches one-fourth to five- sixths, female three inches one-sixth to one-third; dingy red, indented; first pair with three slanting wavy streaks, and a minute central dingy spot; second pair spotless. Caterpillar, dingy brown, with blue bands; feeds on white thorn, willow rose, &c. Pupa brown, with red bands. Rather scarce. Herts, Essex, Surrey, and Lincoln. The Ilex-leaf (G. llicifolia, Ochsenheimeb); and The Poplar-leaf (G. Ochsenheimer). Said to be British on doubtful authority. ARCTIJDJS (Leach). HYPOGYMNA (Hubner). The Gipsey {Hypogyrnna Dispar, Hubner) appears in Au¬ gust. Wings of the male one inch one-half to two inches one- 40 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. tw'elfth, female one inch two-thirds to three inches one-twelfth ; the male clouded with grey and brown; the female whitish with black streaks. Caterpillar, dingy black, with wliite lines, anteriorly blue, and posteriorly red; feeds on the elm, oak, lime, fruit trees, &c. Pupa brown. Very local. Surrey, Hunting¬ donshire, and Whittlesea-Mere. PSILURA (Stephens). The Black Arches {PsUura Monacha, Stephens) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth to three-fourths, female one inch three-fourths to two inches five twelfths; first pair white, with black spots at the base, three or four waved streaks behind the middle, and a marginal row of black spots ; second pair dingy, with a black and white fringe. Caterpillar, ashy-brown, with red tufts on the back, and a black heart-shaped spot on the second segment; feeds on the oak, bramble, &c. Pupa black. Very local. New Forest, Kent, and Surrey. DASYCHIRA (Stephens). The Black Tussock {Dasychira fascelina, Stephens) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, female one inch two-thirds to two inches one-sixth, ashy-brown; first pair sprinkled with black, with two dark brown streaks, and two slanting dingy spots near the hinder margin; second pair with an indistinct darker marginal band. Caterpillar, with tufts of hair, tipped with red, and white fur tufts on the back, with a brown tuft on the head and at the tail; feeds on various plants, trefoil, dandelion, hop, bramble, oak, &c. Pupa hairy brown, with a pale line on the back. Not common. Bedfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. The Yellow Tussock (D. pudihunda, Stephens) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch two-thirds to eleven twelfths, female one inch five-sixths to tM'o inches one-sixth, ashy-white; first pair with three transverse dusky waved streaks, and a mar¬ ginal row of dingy spots; second pair with a central dingy crescent. Caterpillar, hairy, yellow, with a large red tuft on the tail, and four white ones on the back ; feeds on various trees in September. Pupa enclosed in a case, anteriorly black, pos¬ teriorly brown, spotted with yellow. Not scarce. Essex, Kent, and Hampshire. COLOCASIA (Ochsenheijier). The Nut-tree Tussock {Colocasia Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of April and middle of July. Wings of the male one inch one-twelfth to one-half, female one inch one- fourth to five-twelfths; first pair anteriorly brown, with a black ring and several small blotches; posteriorly ash coloured, with a dingy indistinct waved streak. Caterpillar, red, with two tufts of hair on the back, one on the tail and two on the neck; feeds on hEizel and birch. Pupa enclosed in a case; anteriorly black, posteriorly brown. Not common. Kent, Surrey, and near Dublin. CONS,PECTXTS OF MOTHS- 41 ORGYIA (Ochsenheimbr). The Vapourkr {Orgyia antiqua, Ochsenheimer) appears from July to October. Wings, none in the female, one inch two-si.xths to one-half in the male, rust-brown; first pair clouded with brown, with a very white crescent near the pos¬ terior angle; second pair paler and spotless. Caterpillar, dusky spotted with red, with four white tufts on the back; feeds on white and black thorn, and various other trees. Pupa ding^ and yellow. Common near London. The Orange Tussock (0. Gonostigma, Ochsenheimbr) ap¬ pears from June tUl the end of August. Wings, none in the female, one inch one-fourth to seven-twelfths in the male, bro\'„<i; first pair with two opposite white spots, one in the pos¬ terior angle, and the other at the thicker margin. Caterpillar, gregarious, with eight white tufts on the back, with two black ones on the neck and one on the tail; feeds on a variety of plants. PMjoa yellow, posteriorly yellow. Scarce. Oxfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. L.iELIA (Stephens). The WhittleseaErmine {hoeliu CsEwosa, Stephens) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch seven-twelfths to three- fourths, female one inch one-half to three-fourths, pale yellow¬ ish-brown ; first pair, the hinder margin with a row of in¬ distinct dingy spots; female white, with the legs and palpi yellow. Caterpillar, dingy, spotted with yellow, with four yellow tufts on the back, two dark ones on the head, and one on the tail; feeds on burr-reed. Pupa deep black, enclosed in a spindle-shaped cocoon. Local. Whittlesea-Mere. LEUCOMA (Stephens). The Black V. {Leucoma Vau-nigra, Stephens) appears in August. Wings of the male one inch three-fourths, female one inch five-sixths, snow-white, with the nervures slightly yellowish, and a small black V. in the centre of the first pair. Caterpillar, with eight tufts on the back, of which the two first and last are white; feeds on the lime. Pupa greenish blue, with a black spot on the corselet. Rare. Kent. The Satin (i. Salicis, Stephens) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch one-half to five-sixths, female one inch five- sixths to two inches, of a rich glossy white; the antenrue with black plumelets, and the legs with black rings. Caterpillar, hairy, blackish, spotted with red, with a row of white spots on the back ; feeds on wiUows and poplars. Pupa hairy, dusky, en¬ closed in a cocoon. Very common. Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. PORTHESIA (Stephens). The Gold Tail {Porthesia Chrysorrhcea, Stephens) appears the end of July and beginning of Aug:ust. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth to seven-twelfths, female one inch seven- twelfths to five sixths, snow-white, with a dark spot at the pos¬ terior angle of the first pair; the plumelets of the antennse dusky yellow. Caterpillar, gregarious, hairy, blackish, with two red 42 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. lines on the back, and white tufts on the sides: feeds on white and black thorn, elm, oak, fruit trees, &c. Pupa dingy, enclosed in a case. Abundant. Yorkshire, Essex, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. The Brown Tail (P. Auriflua, Stephens) appears in August. Wings of the male one inch one-third to one-half, female one inch one-half to two thirds, above pure white ; first pair beneath with a dusky cloud on the upper edge in the male ; the plumelets of the antennae and tuft at the tail yellowish-brown. Caterpillar similar to the preceding. Abundant. Near London, York, New¬ castle-upon-Tyne, Kent, and Surrey. HYPERCAMPA (Hobner). '' The Scarlet Tiger {Hypercampa'Dominula, Stephens) ap¬ pears in June. Wings two inches to two inches one-sixth; first pair black, having a glossy greenish tinge, with several yellowish white spots; second pair cinnabar red, and spotted with black. Caterpillar, hairy, black, with three yellow streaks and white spots : feeds on willow, ash, hound’s-tongue, nettle, &c. Pupa brown, in a loose web on the ground. Not common. Near London, York. Cambridge, Oxford. Devonshire, and Hampshire. EUTHEMONIA (Stephens). The Clouded Bupp (Euthemonia Russula, Stephens) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch one-half to three-fourths, female one inch one-third to five-sixths; buff orange, with the margins and a central crescent, blood red. The female smaller than the male, with the nervures and the crescent reddish. Caterpillar, dingy, with yellow spots on the sides; feeds on grasses, &c. Pupa reddish-bro^vn; in a web on the ground. Not very common. Darenth Wood and the New Forest; York, Cambridge, and Surrey. ARCTIA (Stephens). The Great Tiger {Arctia Caja, Schrank) appears towards the end of July. Wings of the m^e two inches two-thirds to eleven-twelfths, female two inches three-fourOis to three inches; reddish-brown, with white waved streaks; second pair red, with about si.x round bluish-black spots; abdomen red, with a row of black spots. Caterpillar, solitary, black, hairy, with three ele¬ vated bluish warts on the sides of the segments; feeds on lettuce, chickweed, and various other plants. Pupa black or brown, enclosed in a case. Common. Scotland and England. The Small Matron {A. Matronula, Schrank), said to be British on doubtful authority. The Cream-Pot Tiger {Atvillica, Schrank) appears the middle or end of June. Win|:s of the male two inches one- twelfth to one-third, female two inches one-sLxth to one-half; first pair very black, marked with eight yellowish-white spots; second pair yeUow, spotted with black. Caterpillar, dingy, hairy, spotted with red; head and legs red; feeds on chickweed, and CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 43 various plants. Pupa black, enclosed in a case. Rather scarce. About London, Hertfordshire, Suffolk, Cambridge, Kent, and Surrey. The Hebe, the Purple, and the Courtier (A. Hebe, A. Purpurea, and A. Aulica, Schrank). Said to be British on doubtful authority. NEMEOPHILA (Stephens). The Wood Tiger {Nemeophila Plantaginis, Stephens) ap¬ pears the middle or end of June. Wings of the male one inch one half to two-thirds, female one inch seven-twelfths to flve- y, sixths; first pair black, irregularly streaked with yellow; second pair red or j^ellow, with irregular long black streaks and spots. Caterpillar, black, with the six middle segments yellow : feeds on plantain. Pupa dark. Not common. Yorkshire, Westmore¬ land, Kent, and Surrey. PHRAGMATOBIA (Stephens). The Ruby Tiger {Phrngmatohia fuliginosa, Stephens) ap¬ pears the beginning of July. Wings five-sixths to one inch one-half; first pair of a reddish-brown, with two black spots in V the centre; second pair red, with a row of black spots towards ^ the hinder margin; abdomen above red, with a row of black spots. Caterpillar, rust red, with the head and fore-legs black: feeds on plantain, dock, nettle, &c. Not common. Dublin, Durham, Yorkshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. SPILOSOMA (Stephens;. The Great Ermine {Spilosoma Menthrasti, Stephens) ap¬ pears in May. Wings of the male one inch one-half to three- fourths, female one inch one-half to eleven-twelfths, whitish, y spotted with black, and having several black lines towards the posterior margin; antennae black; the abdomen above yellow, with five rows of black spots; the fore-legs yellow. Caterpillar hairy, brown, with a red streak on the sides. Pupa .sub¬ terraneous, reddish, in a loose cocoon. Not scarce. Near London, York, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Epping, and Cambridge¬ shire. The Dingy White (Sp. Urtiem, Stephens). Wings one inch seven-twelfths, whitish; first pair with a minute black dot on the disc; second pair with three dusky spots; the antennae white. Caterpillar, similar to the preceding. Rare. Epping Forest, and Yorkshire. The Water Ermine {Sp. Papyratia, Stephens) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds, white; first pair with three or four black spots on the disc, and a streak of black spots (about ten in number) towards the tip; second pair generally spotless; the corselet and tip of the abdomen snow white. Catm-pillar, deep brown : feeds on water-mint, white ladies bed-straw, &c. Pupa dusky. Rather rare. Near London. 44 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Spotted Buff (Sp. IvMcepeda, Stephens) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch one-half to three-fourths, female one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, buff colour; first pair with a slanting interrupted streak of black spots behind the centre; second pair generally without spots; abdomen with five rows of black dots. Caterpillar, yellowish, with a whitish line on the sides; feeds on various herbaceous plants. Pupa subter¬ raneous, enclosed in a case. Common. Durham, York, Cam¬ bridge, Middlesex, and Devonshire. The Rayed Buff [Sp. radiata, Stephens). The first pair of wnngs black, with a large spot, and streaks of yellow. Rare. Yorkshire. DIAPHORA (Stephens). The Spotted Musli.n {Diaphora mendica, Stephens) appears the middle of May. Wings of the male one inch one-sixth to one-third, female one inch one third to one-half; first pair in the male blackish, in the female white, with six or seven black scattered spots; second pair with three or four spots near the hinder margin; the abdomen white, with five rows of black spots : legs yellow. Caterpillar, ash-coloured ; feeds on various water plants. Pupa brown, enclosed in a case. Rather un¬ common. Yorkshire, Norfolk, Essex, and Kent. PENTHOPHERA (Germar). The Red Moth {Penthophera Rubia, Germar). Not British. The Negro (Penth. nig-rioans, Curtis) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth, browmish-black, with a yellowish tint; the fringes and nervures darker; the feet silvery; the legs and margins of the four or five last rings of the abdomen obscure yeUow. Rare. Dorsetshire. PSYCHE (Schrank). The Brown Muslin {Psyche fmca, Schrank) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings of the male eight lines to nine one-half, female two lines to two one-half; pale greyish-brown, without spots; the abdomen ash-coloured. The female without wings. Caterpillar feeds on the sallow and hazel in June and the autumn, living in a case formed of pieces of leaves. Very local. Highgate, Middlesex. FUMEA (Haworth). The Shining Negro (Fumea nitida, Haworth) appears in July. Wings five lines to five one-half, of a bright brown, ra¬ ther longish, with the margins ash-coloured. Caterpillar, yel¬ lowish, with the head and a line on the three first segments chest¬ nut coloured. Pupa brown, in a case formed of bits of grass and leaves. Rare. Kent. The Small Negro {F. Pulla, Stephens) appears in June. Wings five lines, rounded, deep brown, without spots, and with hairy margins; antennse rather pectinated. Rare. Kent, CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 45 The Negro Boy (F. Museella, Stephens) appears in June Wings five lines one-lialf to six lines, slightly oblong, deep black, transparent, unspotted; the body covered with hair; the anten¬ nae brown. Not common. Essex, Hertfordshire, and Kent. The Transparent Negro {F. Bombycella, Stephens). Wings six lines to six one-half, rounded, slightly transparent, livid, sprinkled with brown. Very rare. The Light Negro {F. pectinea, Stephens). Wings one-half inch, rounded, ashy-brown, transparent, unspotted, margmed with brown. Very rare. NUDARIA (Haworth). The Muslin (Nudaria munda, Haworth) appears in July and August. Wings nine to eleven lines, blunt, dingy white; first pair with two waved brown streaks, and a brown spot between them 5 second pair spotless. Caterpillar, brown, hairy, feeds upon lichens. Pupa brown. Not uncommon. Hertfordshire. Cheshire, Kent, and Surrey. The Lace-wing {N. Hemerobia, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings one-half inch to five-sixths, transparent, spotless, with scaly margin and yeUowish fringe. Not common. Kent. ' The Antique Muslin (iV. Senex, Stephens) appears in July. Wings two-thirds to three-fourths of an inch, rounded, dingy yellow j &st pair with a dingy spot a little beyond the middle, beyond which there is a very indistinct arched streak, composed of dusky dots, or small dingy lines 5 second pair with a crescent- like dingy spot in the centre. Rare. Cambridgeshire and Surrey. HETEROGENA (Knoch). i. (Heferogewa Asellus, Stephens). Wings one- half in^ to three-quarters, of a glossy brown, spotless, with dusky ^ge. Caterpillar, egg-shaped, red, with a yellow line down the back, spotted with black j the sides green : feeds on the poplar. brow, enclosed in a case. Local. New Forest, near Lyndhurst and Kimpton. LIMACODES (Latreille). The Festoon {Limacodes Testudo, Stephens) appears the end f the male two-thirds of an inch to eleven- ^emhs, femMe five-sixths of an inch to one one-third, yellowish ^ey; first pan: whh two slantmg dusky streaks; colour deeper in whitf«h°Ht f reen, egg shaped, smooth, with two whiteh lines on the back; feeds on the oak. Rare. Norfolk, 46 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS, NOCTUINA (Rennie). LITHOSIJD^ (Stephens). CALLIMORPHA (Latreille). The Cinnabar Moth (Callimorpha Jacobrnts, Latreille) ap¬ pears in May. Wings one inch one-half to eleven-twelfths; first Ijair brown on both surfaces, with a streak and two spots of a blood-red colour; second pair blood-red, irregularly dusky at the upper edge, fringe ashy-brown. hairy, black, with yellow rings; feeds on the flowers of the rag-wort. Pupa blunt, reddish, enclosed in a slight cocoon. Not common. Near Lon¬ don, Yorkshire, Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, Devon, Somersetshire, Cork, and Bute. The Rose Wing {C. rosea, Latreille) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings five-sixths of an inch to one one-third; red, or rose colour; first pair with three waved, X slanting, blackish streaks, the last of which is near the hinder margin, and composed of distinct black dots. Caterpillar, brown, with whitish tufts; head reddish-brown, with orange down; feeds on birch, ash, and oak. Pupa brown, acute, enclosed in a strong web formed of silk and hair. Not common. Yorkshire, Hertfordshire, and Middlesex. EULEPIA, (Curtis.) The Feathered Lackey {Eulepia Grammica, Curtis) ap¬ pears in October. Wings one inch one-third to one half, yellow; first pair streaked with black, with a black spot towards the hin¬ der margin; second pair with a central crescent and margins black. Caterpillar, brown, with a yellow streak on the back, the sides with two lines, one white and one yellow ; the legs orange- red ; feeds on black thorn, plantain, &c. Pupa dusky. Rare. Berkshire and Anglesea. The Sieve Lackey (Eu. Cribnim, Curtis) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half, ashy grey, fii'st pair with slanting rows of black spots ; second pair darker. The corselet white, with black spots. Caterpillar when young deep black. Very local. Parley Heath, Hampshire. DEIOPEIA, (Stephens). The Pretty Cri.mson {Deiopeiapulchella, Stephens) appears the end of September. Wings one inch five-twelfths to three- fourths ; first pair straw yellow, with very numerous black and red square spots, disposed nearly in a slanting arched series; second pair snow-white, with a central blotch, and the hinder margins black. Catefpillar, bluish gray, with black and red spots, and a broad white stripe down the back; feeds on mouse- ear, and forget-me-not. Rare. Yorksliire, Hampshire, and Sussex. LITHOSIA (Fabbicius). The Orange Lackey {Lithosia Aureola, Ochsenheimer) ap ■ CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 47 pears the middle of July. Wmgs five-sixths of an inch to one inch one-sixth; orange-yellow j first pair beneath with a very broad dingy patch, leaving the margins only yellow. Second pair paler. Caterpillar, black, with three pale yellow stripes on the back, and some white spots on the tail 5 feeds on the spruce and Scotch fir. Rare. Kent and Surrey. Thb Flat Lackey {L. Helvola, Ochsenheimeb), Wings three-fourths of an inch to one inch one-sixth; pale yeUow, with a.shy and yellow margins, and yellow fringes. Very Rare. Es¬ sex and Hampshire. The Straw Lackey (i.jfawi, Fabricius). Wings one inch one-third to one-half; straw colour on both surfaces, and with¬ out spots. Rare. Kent and Hampshire. ThbCinereous Lackey (L. Gilveola, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair pale buff colour, ashy beneath; second pair pale yellow on both surfaces. Very rare: The Lead-coloured Lackey (L. complana, Haworth) ap pears the end of July or beginning of August. Wings one inch to one inch one-third; first pair lead colour, with the upper edge, and second pair on both sides yellow. Caterpillar, black, with two yellow streaks on tlie back, spotted with red and white, with a slight yellow line on each side; feeds on the oak, ash^ poplar, sloe, &c. Pvpa reddish-brown. Not uncommon. York¬ shire, Essex, Devonshire, Kent, and Surrey. The Bl’pp Lacke y {L. depressa, Ochsenheimer) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch one-half; first pair pale lead- coloured ash, with the upper edge yellow; second pair on both surfaces yellow, with the base ashy. Caterpillar greyish-brown, mth the back yeUow, with black spots; feeds on the Scotch fir. Pupa reddish. Rare. Kent. The Dun Lackey (L. griseola, Haworth) appears the end of July or beginning of August. Wings one inch one-quarter to one half; first pair with the upper edge straw-yellow. Second pair paler, with a tinge bf yellow. Rather rare. Hertfordshire. • Pale Leaden (L. plumbeolata, Stephens). Wings one u^®-^6lfths to one-half; first pair of a pale lead-colour, with the upper edge sUghtly tinged with yeUow; second pair yeUowish-grey. Rare. Near London. The Pearl Lackey (L. museerda, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch one-third; ashy; first pair with several small black dots disposed towards the tip and middle; second pair spotless. Very rare. Norfolk. The July Lackey (L. quadra, Fabricius) appears the middle ot July. Wmgs of the male one inch two-thirds to five-sixths; female one inch two-thirds to two inches; first pair of the male yeUowsh grey, deep yeUow at the base, with the upper edge blue-black j of the female bright yellow, with two deep blue spots in the middle. Caterpillar, dusky, with red dots and a 48 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. black spot on the back, and black lines on the sides; feeds on birch, flr, &c. Pupa black, in a strong web. Plentiful. Essex, Kent, Surrey, Suffolk, Devonshire. GNOPHRIA (Stephens). The Black Lackey {Chiophria RuhricoUis, Stephens) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-third, black, with the anterior margin of the corselet blood-red. Ca- terpillar, hairy, blackish, with deep black bands; head-pitch black and two white streaks ; feeds on various kinds of lichens in June. Pupa reddish-brown, in a grey web in July. Not scarce. Essex and Kent. SETINA (Stephens). The Dew Lackey {Setinairrorea, Schrank) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch to one inch one-fourth, female three- fourths to one inch, yeUow; first pair with three slanting streaks of black spots; second pair with very few spots; corselet and extremity of the abdomen orange yeUow. Caterpillar black, with yellow stripes on the back and sides; feeds on lichens. Pupa red-brown. Rare. Kent, The S.mall Dew Lackey (S. roscida, Schrank). Wings of the male five-sixths to one inch, female two-thirds of an inch. Appears to differ from the preceding insect in size only. Un¬ common. Surrey. The Four-Spot Lackey (i. eborina, Stephens) appears the beginning of August. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth, female five-sixths to one inch; first pair whitish and glossy, with the upper edge and hinder margins yellow, with two black spots, one on the upper edge, and the other on the inner margin; second pair above dusky; margins on both sides yeUow; beneath whitish yeUow. Not common. Essex, Kent, and Surrey. NOCTUIDJE (Stephens). TRIPH./ENA (Ochsenheimer). The Lunar Undbrwino [Triphmna orhona, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two-thirds; first pair liver-brown, with dotted streaks; second pair of a deep yeUow, with a central black crescent and marginal streak. Caterpillar greenish, with black spots on the sides. Not scarce. York, Salop, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. - The Crescent Underwino (T. subsequa, Ochsenheimer), Wings one inch two-thirds to three-fourths, grey-brown, with an obscure kidney-shaped spot and black streak at the tip of the first pair; second pair yeUow, wdth a dusky central crescent and marginal band. Rare. Scotland. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 49 The Bride-maid {T. Pronuba, Ochsbnheimer) appears the beginning of June and middle of July. Wings two inches to two inches one-fourth or one-third; first pair of a cloudy grey; second pair bright yellow, crossed with a narrow black band. Cater pillar, greenish, with two interrupted black lines on the back ; feeds on the primrose, violet, auricula, cabbage, &c., found throughout the winter beneath stones, clods, &c., in the day¬ time, and changes to a reddish pupa about April or May. Com¬ mon. Durham, York, and South of England. The Virgin (Tr. Jrarawim, Ochsenheimer). Wings two inches to two inches one-third, of uniform colour; upper wings liver brown ; under wings yellow, with a black submarginal streak. Probably a variety of Tr. Pronuba. Common. The Broad-bordered Underwing (Tr. Fimbria, Ochsen- hbimbr) appears the end of June and beginning of July; first pair of a pale grey, with waved streaks of a lighter colour; second pair clear yellow, with a very broad black marginal band. Caterpillar buff grey, with a reddish head, a pale line on the back, and black spots on the spiracles; feeds on the primrose, violet, potato, &c., in spring and autumn. Rare. Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Kent, and Devonshire. The S.MALL-BORDERED Undbrwing (Tr. Interjecta, Ochsen- heimer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth to five- twelfths ; first pair of a dingy red, with various indistinct streaks of black dots, and a double one towards the hinder margin; second pair yellow, with a black circumference. Not common. Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Ianthe (Tr. lanthina, Ochsenhei.mer) appears in July or August. Wings one inch five twelfths to two thirds, grey; first pair variously banded with dusky, with white crescents in the middle in place of the ordinary stigmata; second pair with the liase and broad marginal band deep black, and the centre bright orange yellow. Caterpillar whitish, with waved dusky streaks and black spots posteriorly; feeds on chickweed, &c. Pupa brown. Not common. York, Suffolk, Essex, and Warwick. CERIGO (Stephens). The Straw Underwino {Cerigo texta, Stephens) appears about June. Wings one inch one-half to three-fourths, dusky varied with grey; first pair with waved streaks, bordered with black; second pair straw colour, with a broad dusky margin. Caterpillar whitish, with a black stripe on the back ; feeds on goat’s beard. Not common. Norfolk, Essex, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. LYT^A (Stephens). The Six-stripe Rustic {Lytcea umbrosa, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds, rosy grey; first pair with six dusky streaks; second pair with a broad dusky margin. Caterpillar greyish white, with a dingy stripe on each side. Not common. Salop and Kent. 50 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS, CHARjEAS (Stephens). The Turp Rustic (Chcvrieas Cespitis, Stephens) appears in September. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths j first pair brownish black, with three whitish waved streaks, margined with black ; second pair greyish white at the base, with dusky clouds towards the margin. Caterpillar brownish, with three psile lines placed lengthways; feeds on grass. Scarce. Kent. The Autumnal Rustic (CA. eonfinis, Stephens). Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair indistinctly indented, pale greyish brown, with two slanting blackish streaks and one whitish; second pair greenish white. Rare. Locality unknown. The Barred Rustic {Ch.fmca, Stephens) appears in Sep¬ tember. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths; first pair blackish brown, with an indistinct somewhat triangular band in the middle, and a streak at the hinder margin; second pair in the male whitish, in the female brown or dusky. Not common. Kent. The Black Rustic {Ch. MtMops, Stephens) appears in June, Wings one inch tw'o-thirds to five-si.xths; first pair black, with a broad dark band darker tinted in the middle, stigmata very indis¬ tinct, the hinder one externally margined with yellowish; second pair in the male white, margined with black, in the female dusky. Rare. Cumberland, Kent, and Devonshire. The Antler {Ch. Graminis, Stephens) appears the begin¬ ning of July. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-half; first pair greyish brown, with a whitish line branching into three towards the posterior angle, with pale stigmata, and slender black lines towards the tip. Caterpillar dusky, with yellow streaks on the back and sides, feeds on passes, (except fox-tail grass^ and changes into a brown shining jnipa towards the end of June. Not common. Huntingdonshire, Surrey, and Devonshire. RUSINA (Stephens). The Brown Rustic {Russina ferruginea, Stephens) appears towards the end of June. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds ; first pair rusty grey, with four waved streaks and several pale spots on the upper edge; second pair pale greyish white. Cater¬ pillar dingy brown, with yellowish lines on the back and sides. Pupa reddish. Rare. Kent. AGROTIS (Hubner). The Crescent Rustic {Agrotis hmigera, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch two-thirds; first pairbrowm, variegated with yellowish, having two doubleblackish streaks and a yellowish crescent formed by the anterior stigma, which is dusky towards the upper edge, and bright yellow towards the inner margin; second pair cream white. Rare. County Cork. The Heart and Club Rustic (A. corticea, Ochsbnhbi.mer) appears the end of June, Wings one inch one-third to two- CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 51 thirds! first pair pale grey, with the ordinary stigmata interiorly grey, exteriorly black; second pair dusky, with a central cres¬ cent and nervures darker. Thorax grey and white. Very vari¬ able. Rather scarce. Salop, Norfolk, Hertford, Kent, Sussex, and Devonshire. The Pearl Undbrwino (A. aqua, Ochsenheimer) appears in September and October. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches; first pair ashy grey, with the three ordinary stigmata very indistinct, and a paler spot at the tip; second pair du.sky white, tinged with violet, with the nervures and the hinder margin, especially towards the posterior angle, dusky. Rare. Essex, Hertfordshire, and near London. The Corn Rustic (A. Segeium, Ochsbnheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half to eleven-twelfths j first pair rusty greyish, with rather indistinct waved streaks; second pair whitish, X and so variable in its colour and markings, that it has been mul¬ tiplied into not less than nine species. Caterpillar dusky, with a pale line on the back and on each side, with four or five black spots on each ring; found at the roots of corn, and in May changes into a dusky brown pupa. But too common in some districts. Hertfordshire and Suffolk. The Dark Sword Grass (A. suffusa, Ochsenheiiher) appears •v/ in June and July. Wings one inch three-fourths to two inches; ^ &st pair grey, clouded with brownish, with a broad dusky band in the middle, and the hinder stigma spine-Uke. Caterpillar ashy grey; found at the roots of grass in May, and towards the end of the month changes into a dusky pupa. Not uncommon, but local. Essex and Kent. The Subterraneous Rustic (A. annexa, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch two-thirds; first pair greyish brown, paler at the biise and hinder margin, with the stigmata connected by two black confluent lines; second pair pearly white, with the nervures and margins brownish. Rare. Near London, Essex, and County Cork. The Archer’s Dart {A. valligera, Ochsbnheimer) appears in August. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds; first pair y srey, clouded with dusky, the upper edge with whitish spots, on the hinder margin a streak composed of arrow-shaped black spots. Caterpillar ashy grey, with four black spots on each seg¬ ment; feeds on grass. Scarce. Dublin, Glamorgan, Norfolk, near London, Hants, and Devonshire. The Shuttle (.4. radia, Curtis). Wings one inch one-third; first pair pale dusky, with three stigmata, of which the two an- tenor are small and shuttle-shaped, and the exterior large and kidney-shaped; the upper margin is dotted with brown and white. Second pair whitish. Probably a variety of A. Rociioila. Not common. Derbyshire, Hants and Devon. The Small Shuttle {A. Radiola, Stephens) appears in June. X one inch one-sixth to one-third; first pair ashy grey, the base with a dusky-square patch, and another behind the E 2 52 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. middle; the anterior stigma longish and acute; of the female with a pale cloud towards the middle of the upper edge; second pair white, with dusky nervures j female dusky, with a darker central crescent. Rare. St. James’s and Greenwich Parks, Nor¬ folk and Devonshire. The Arrow M. sagitUfera, OcHSE.vHErMBR). Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair grey, clouded with whitish, the base vrith an arrow-shaped black line, and another beneath the ordinary stigmata; second pair milk-white. Rare. Near London. The Lime Dart (A. lineolata, Curtis) appears the middle of August. Wings one inch four lines to one-half; first pair reddish brown, stigmata whitish, and a streak on the hinder margin of wedge-shaped black lines; second pair whitish, with a dusky border. Caterpillar shining grey; found in June under stones, &c. Rare. Dublin and Kent. The Pupii. Dart {A. pupillata, Curtis) appears in July. Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair brownish, with two somewhat waved streaks, between which the colour is paler; two of the stigmata somewhat oceUated, and the third teUform. Rare. Huntingdonshire, near London, and Devon. The Eagle (A. aquilina, Ochsemhimer) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair ashy, streaked with black, the upper edge spotted with black at the hase, and with white towards the tip; second pair in the male whitish, in the female ashy. Caterpillar, ashy, head reddish, sides dusky; feeds on the bed straw. Scarce. Near London and Glamor¬ ganshire. The Wheat Dart (A. Tritici, Ochsbmiieimer) appears in June or July. Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair pale dusky brown, with the ordinary stigmata paler, and a streak towards the hinder margin composed of wedge-like spots, and a white line placed lengthways. The teliform stigma is conspicuous from its black edging, second pair of the male whitish, of the female pale ash, with the margin dusky. Caterpillar, pale grey, with paler lines; feeds on com in May. Not scarce. Near London and Whittlesea-Mere. The Eyelet Moth (^. oceff/wd, Ochsemhbi.mer). Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair blackish, with a shortish ashy line placed lengthways, two black spots and two pale-co¬ loured streaks. Rare. Dublin, Kent, and Hants. The Wedoe-Bar {A. cuneigera, Curtis) appears the begin¬ ning of July. Wings one inch one-quarter to five-twelfths; first pair greyish brown, with three stigmata and a streak of brown wedge-like spots towards the hinder margin; second pair whitish, with the nervures and margins dusky. Scarce. Middlesex and Kent. The Veimed Dart (A. venona, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair brownish grey, with three slanting ashy streaks, at the hinder margin is also a whitish CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 53 streak, the ncrvnres pale ashy ^ey; second pair of the male ash-coloured, and the nerrui'es darker. Rare. Edinburgh. The Garden Moth (A. Hortonim, Stephens). No descrip¬ tion published ? The Black Quaker (A. nigricans, Curtis) appears the end of July and beginning of August. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half; first pair dusky, with three streaks, and stigmata paler; the third stigmata well marked with a black margin; second pair white, with the nervures, margins, and a central crescent dusky. Caterpillar brown and shining, with black spots and a yellowish line on the side; found in June. Not scarce. Lon¬ don and Huntingdonshire. The Dark Rustic (A.fnmosa, Haworth). Wings one inch one-quarter to one-third, blackish, variously streaked with black and pale, with the two ordinary stigmata bordered with yel¬ lowish, the teliform stigma is wanting. Perhaps only a vaiiety of A. nigricans. Rare. Near London and Huntingdonshire. The Obelisk Dart (A. oheliscata, Curtis) appears in Au¬ gust. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, red brown, with a black triangular spot before the first stigma, and a pale square spot between the stigmata. Rare. Near London and Kent. The RuralDart(.4. ruris, OCHSENiiEiMER)appears in August. Wings one inch one-tliird to two-thirds; first pair pale brown, with streaks, and the three ordinary stigmata yellowish white. Rare. Huntingdonshii'e and Kent. The White Line {A. dubia, Haworth) appears in August. Wings one inch one-half, brown or black with streaks, and the ordinary stigmata darker, and a white well marked waved streak towards the hinder mai’gin. Probably a variety of A. ruris. Rare. Near London. The Gothic Dart (A. subgothica, Stephens). Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair greyish-brown, with the upper edge at the base, a longitudinal dash placed lengthways, a marginal band towards the hinder margin, and the stigmata, pale. Scarce. Norfolk, near London and Devon. The Halbert {A. Exclamationis, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds ; first pair W brovm, with the streaks and three ordinary stigmata black. Ca¬ terpillar dull red brown, with black spots, and a pale red line on the back; feeds on groundsel. Very common. The Cloud Moth (A. nebulosa, Stephens) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch one-third, female one inch one-sixth; first pair whitish-grey, with dusky clouds at the base, the hinder margin darker, with a white waved streak; the second pair of the male white, of the female ash colour. Rare. Devonshii'e. The Light Feathered Rustic (A. cinerea, Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of June. Wings of the male one inch one- 54 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. half to two-thirds, female one inch one-third; first pair ash- coloured, clouded with brown, posteriorly of a darker hue, with two indented black streaks; second pair whitish, corselet ante¬ riorly black. Caterpillar greenish-brown, with three red stripes on the back, the head brown and shining, legs yellowish white. Not common. Shropshire, Berks, Kent, and the Isle of Wight. GRAPHIPHORA (Hubner). The Rhomboid {Gr. rhomboidea, Ochsenheimer) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch two-thirds, female one inch one-sixth; first pair reddish brown, tinged with rosy, with a brownish-rhomboidal spot, and a triangular one near the stig¬ mata ; the antennae of the male are pectinated. Rare. Hunt¬ ingdonshire. The Kidney, (Gr. renigera, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair blackish grey, with scattered white dots, and darker slanting lines; second pair ashy brown, paler at the base. Rare. Forfarshire, Westmore¬ land, and Derbyshire. The Sculker (Gr. latens, Stephens) appears in summer. Wings one inch one-half; first pair glossy ashy black, with waved and very indistinct browmish streaks, the ordinary stigmata are very indistinct; second pair ash-coloured, with whitish borders. Rare. South of Scotland. ThePyrophuous (Gr.pyrophila, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair ashy, streaked, and spotted with brown; second pair glossy brown. Caterpillar dull brownish-grey. Rare. Near London, Shropshire, War¬ wickshire, Zetland, and Lanarkshire. The Crescent Striped (Gr. lumdina, Stephens). Wings one inch two-thirds, brown, with four indistinct pale streaks, edged with black, as if composed of minute crescents ; no ante¬ rior stigma; there is a row of very minute black spots on the hin¬ der margin; second pair ashy, having a dingy border, with a pale streak on the margin itself, fringes wliitish. Rare. Cambridge¬ shire. The Stout Dart (Gr. crassa, Stephens) appears the middle of August. Win^ one inch one-half to three-fourths; first pair shining brown, slightly clouded with black, the third stigma in¬ distinct, the streaks paler than those which generally appear in this species ; second pair whitish, with the nervures and margin black-brown. Scarce. Scotland and Norfolk. The Augur (Gr. Augur, Ochsbnheimer) appears the begin¬ ning of July. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to three-fourths; first pair dusky reddish-brown, with black waved streaks, two black rings, and one kidney-shaped, with a black margin and ashy middle; second pair dusky, tinged with red, and a crescent on the disc. Not scarce, Essex, Hertford, and Kent. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 65 The Brunette (Gr. hmnnea, Haworth) appears the end of Jvdy and beginning of August. Wings one inch one-half to two- thirds ; first pair purplish brown, with a dark waved band at the hinder margin, the hinder stigma yellow, and a central black spot; second pair dingy brown, with a spot in the centre ; fringe of aU the wings dingy brownish. Caterpillar brown, spotted with white, with a bluish line on the sides; head black, with two Sm*e ' Salop, Kent, and The Glaucous ( Gr. candileseqaa, Ochsenheimer) appears in July. Wings one inch one-half; first pair glaucous-grey, with black streaks, of which the exterior is indented, and the posterior pale and somewhat waved; second pair dusky ash ; the border of aU the wings greyish brown. Caterpillar dingy brown, streaked with white and red; is found in May. Rare. Kent. The Three Spotted (Gr. tristigma, Ochsenhbimer) appears in J uly. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair dusky brown, with a black spot between the stigmata, another at the base of the anterior stigma, and a third of an irregular form at the base towards the inner margin. Caterpillar dusky, with a white line on the back and on each side; feeds on the dandelion in May. Scarce. Kent and Surrey. The Triangle (Gr. Triangulum, Ochsenhbimer) appears the end of July. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two-thirds; first pair greyish purple, spotted with black, with a black spot on the upper margin towards the tip, the stigmata and four pale streaks mar^ned with black; second pair dusky brown. Caterpillar reddish ash, with a dusky line on the back and a reddish one on the sides, with two brownish stripes on each joint; in June it changes into a brown pupa. Not plentiful. Yorkshire, .Suffolk, Essex, Kent, and Sussex. The Black Spotted (Gr. Depuncta, Ochsenheimer), said to be British on doubtful authority. The Tricomma (Gr. haja, Haworth) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair rusty grey, obscurely clouded in the middle, with a minute black dot at the base, and a patch on the upper edge near the tip; second pair dusky brown, paler on the hinder margin, Caterpillar varied with ashy and brown, with three white lines on the back, and a yellow one on the sides 5 feeds on the nightshade, and changes to a pupa in June. The Barred Chestnut (Gr. erythrocephala, Haworth) ap¬ pears in July. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths ^ first pair rusty grey, with a brownish square chestnut spot be¬ tween the stigmata, between which and the hinder margin is a waTCd chestnut brown band; second dusky brown, with a darker cenwal crescent. Caterpillar grey brown, with a dusky stripe on the back, and two white lines on the back and on the sides, and a few white spots; feeds on the plantain(?) Occurs in May. Rare. Kent and Surrey. 56 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Primrose (Gr. festiva, Haworth) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings one inch one-fourth to ose- half; first pair clouded with grey or pale brown, with several angular spots, which are of a deeper hue, or black towards the stigmata; second pair ash colour, with a central dusky crescent. Caterpillar reddish yellow, with yellow spots, and a yellow line on the back, and two dusky lines on the sides; feeds on the primrose, and changes to pupa in June. Rare. Kent and Surrey. The Black C. (Gr. C. nigrum, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half; first pair ashy brown, with a black line at the base, and another at the upper edge towards the tip; in the middle a large bow-like black patch externally pale; second pair whitish or yellowish white, with the hinder margin dusky. Caterpillar varied with ash and brown, with a pale longitudinal line, and several transverse ones on the sides; feeds on chickweed, marsh wiUow-herb, and spinach; changes to a brown pupa in May. The Musive (Gr. Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch one-sixth; first pair brown, the base with a black waving line, and a whitish band at the superior margin; corselet with a black band ; second pair whitish. Caterpillar yeUowish green, with a brown head, a dull green line on the back, and two whitish lines on the sides. Very rare. The White Spot (Gr. alhimacula, Stephens) appears in Sep¬ tember. Wings one inch five-twelfths to seven-twelfths; first pair reddish brown, variegated with purple, with a pale band on the upper edge, a black line on the base, and a longish central blackish brown dash, in which there is a round white spot; second pair glossy, of a dusky ash colour, with faint slant¬ ing streaks and dai’k margins. Rare. Huntingdonshire and Hampshire. The Flame (Gr. plecta, Ochseniibimer) appears in June and September. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-fourth; first pair of a brownish purple, with a black line on the base, and with the upper edge from the base to the middle and the stigmata flame yellow; second pair whitish. Caterpillar green, with a brown head; occurs in May and August. Not scarce. Essex and Devonshire. Dahl’s Square Spot (Gr. punicea, Haworth) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth to flve-twelfths; first pair rosy grey, streaked with dusky, with a dusky square spot betv'een the stigmata, and another on the upper edge towards the tip; second pair ash colour, with a dusky central spot; the Dorders of aU the wings reddish. Caterpillar reddish brown, with a yellow stripe on the back, and pale streaks on the sides, which are sprinkled with yellow and brown. Not common. Salop and Essex. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 67 SEMIOPHORA (Stephens). The Hebrew (S. gothica, Stephens) appears the middle of April. Wings one inch one-fourth to seven-twelfths; first pair greyish brown, with an arched black spot and squar e black line in the middle; the pale margins of the stigmata are only visible. Caterpillar pale green, yellowish on the back, with a white line and few dusky specks on the side; feeds on oak, honeysuckle, woodbine, &c. Not scarce. Essex, Middlesex, Kent, Siurey, and Shropsliire. ORTHOSIA (Ochsenheimer). The Clouded Drab [Or. instabilis, Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of April. Wings one inch five-twelfths to two- thirds, greyish brown, or ashy clouded with grey, with a central rusty-brown band, the ordinary stigmata margined with pale ash, and the streak at the hinder margin simple and whitish. Caterpillar green, with a white line on the back and a yellow one on the sides; feeds on the oak. Plentiful. Essex and Surrey. The'Intermediate {0. intermedia, Stephens). Wings one inch one-sixth to seven-twelfths, greyish brown; first pair with three equidistant darker bands, two rings, and the ordinary stig¬ mata pale, and a double streak on the hinder margin; the antemice of the male strongly pectinated. Rare. Surrey. The Leaden Drab (0. gracilis, Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of April. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths, lead colour, and clouded with grey; first pair with an indistinct streak towards the hinder margin, and several greyish spots margined with pale; second pair dusky. Caterpillar green, the sides yellowish, with a black spot and four obscure dots on each ring, wliich is yellow; feeds on the oak, willow, bramble, &c.; changes to a pupa in July. Rather scarce. Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Twin Spot Drab (0. munda, Ochsenheimer) appears in April. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two-thirds; first pair ashy grey, somewhat clouded, with a pale streak at the hinder margin, having two or tliree twin spots. Caterpillar varied with black and grey, with a red line on the sides ; feeds on the oak, elm, sloe, and fruit trees, and about June changes to a pupa. Rare. Essex and Surrey. The Powdered Quaker (0. sparsa, Curtis) appears the beginning and end of April. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to tw'o-thirds, ashy grey; first pair with very minute dusky dots; behind the stigmata is an arched series of black spots, and to¬ wards the hinder margin a dusky streak margined with whitish. Caterpillar green, with a pale stripe on the back and sides; feeds on the tops of willows, and changes to a pupa in July. Rather uncommon. Essex, Hertford, Kent, and Surrey. The Pale Quaker (0. pallida, Curtis). Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half, uniformly of a pale reddish brown; first pair, the ordinary stigmata have only a very slender pale 58 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. margrin; between these and the hinder margin, a straight slanting brownish streak, externally edged with a pale tint; behind which, and near the hinder margin, is a row of very minute brown spots. Probably only a variety of O. sparsa* Surrey. The Steady Quaker (0. stabilis, Ochsexheimkr) appears the beginning of April. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half, rusty grey; first pair, the stigmata with yellowish margins, an external pale streak edged with dusky, and a row of small black dots on the hinder margin. Caterpillar yellowish, with prim¬ rose yellow lines and blue head; feeds on the oak, elm, beech, lime, poplar, cherry, &c. Common. Salop and Essex. The Blossom Underwimc (O. minioso, Ochsejiheimer) ap¬ pears the end of March. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair pale ashy red, with three waved streaks and broad cen¬ tral band vermilion red; second pair rosy white, with a central dusky spot, and in the female particularly, an interrupted dusky band behind the middle. Caterpillar black, with an interrupted yellow line on the sides; the head with; three streaks; feeds on oak and birch in May and June. Rare. Essex and Kent. The Dwarf Quaker (0. cruda, Ochsknhbimer) appears the end of March. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one-fourth; first pair brownish ash, the base with scattered brown spots, the stigniata obscure, dusky, margined with grey, and two indistinct streaks of reddish spots; second pair dusky red. Caterpillar reddish brown, sprinkled vrith white on the back, with a yeUow- ish Ime on the sides; the head green with white and black ; feeds on the oak, wUd rose, &c., in June. Plentiful. Near London. The Tiny Quaker (0. pusilla, Curtis) appears the end of March. Wings one inch, grey, rounded or retuse, the stigmata contiguous, and a stout reddish, somewhat interrupted line, passing from the anterior stigma to the base. Rare. Surrey. The Brown Spot Pinion (0. litura, Ochsenhbimer) ap¬ pears the end of September and beginning of October. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-half, greyish brown, with five black spots or patches on the upper margin. Caterpillar green or yellowish, with a dark stripe on the back, edged with white, and a whitish line on the sides; the head brown; feeds on sloe, birch, willow, rose, trefoil, &c., in May and June. Scarce. Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Essex, and Hertfordshire. The Chestnut (O. Pistacina, Ochsenhbimer) appears in September. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half, yellowish brown; first pair with five very indistinct streaks composed of yellowdsh browm spots. Caterpillar green, with a whitish stripe and pale spots on the sides ; feeds on the Centaureascabiosaand Ranunculus bulbosus. Scarce. Kent. The Lunar Underwino (0. lunosa, Curtis) appears in Sep¬ tember. Wings one inch one-third to one-half, greyish brown; first pair with a distinct streak of black spots towards the hinder margin; second pair white, with a central dusky crescent and CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 59 Hertford. submarginal band. Not uncommon. Yorkshire, Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Devon. The Red Lime Quaker (0. Lota, Ochsenheimer) appears in autumn. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half, ashy brown; first pair with a black spot behind the middle; a brown streak towards the hinder margin edged with whitish, and the stig- mata with bright brown borders. Caterpillar greyish ash, vnth white streaks, slightly bordered with black, and a reddish line on the sides ; feeds on willows. Pupa enclosed in a solid case. Not common. Essex, Cambridgeshire, Devonshire, and York- The Yellow Line CO. flavilinea, Stephens) appears the end of September and beginning of December. Wings one inch one- third to five twelfths, brownish; first pair with a slanting, but very straight yellowish streak, edged internally with dusky brown, and a brown spot at the base. Caterpillar feeds on plantain and chickweed. Not common. Near London, Devon¬ shire, and Hampshire. The Brick (0. macilenta, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of September. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds, reddish , brown; first pair with four darker streaks, and a brown spot at ^ the base of the first stigma. Caterpillar reddish brown, with dusky spots, and a faint whitish streak on the back and sides ; feeds on elm and oak. Rather scarce. Suffolk, Hertfordshire, Surrey, and Hampshire. The Upsilon (0. Upsilon, Ochsenheimer) appears in July, Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half, ashy-brown; first pair with a black streak at the base, and a double one in the middle; the stigmata pale, between which is a black mark resembling a Y or V; second pair with a central crescent and margin of a darker tint. Caterpillar of a dull brown, vpith three pale stripes on the back, and several darkish spots on the sides; feeds on wfilows and poplars. Not common. Cambridgeshire, Middle¬ sex, and Surrey. MYTHIMNA (OschsenheimerJ. The Double Line {M. turca, Ochsenheimer) appears in July. Wings one inch two-thirds to tliree-fourths, deflexed and rusty brown; first pair with numerous indistinct dusky dots; a brown incurved streak before, and another slanting and a little waved behind the whitish crescent, which is in the place of the hinder stigma; the first stigma is wanting. Caterpillar pale red, with a white line on the back, yellowish white under¬ neath; head brown; feeds on Juncus pUosus. Rare. Epping forest, near Bristol, and Surrey. The Grey Bright Eye (M. grisea, Haworth) appears the beginning of July. Wings one inch five-twelfths to seven- twelfths, of the male grey, of the female red, witli a white cen¬ tral spot and an arched streak of very minute brown spots at the hinder margin. Caterpillar dusky, with a reddish Ime on 60 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. the sides 5 feeds on plantain and chickweed. Not common. Essex, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, Kent, and Hampshire. The White-spot Bright Eye (M. Lithargyria, Ochsen- heimbr) appears in July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to five- twelfths, pale yellowish brown; first pair with two obscure streaks, and a white central spot. Caterpillar grey, streaked with white, and dotted with black, with three white lines and the first segment brown; feeds on plantain. Rare. New Forest. The Brown Bright Eye (ilf. conigera, Ochsenheimer) ap¬ pears the end of July. Wings one inch one-third to five- twelfths, iTist brown; first pair with a vCry white three-cor¬ nered spot in the midAe between two brown streaks. Caterpillar grey, with wliite and black streaks; the head brown; the first segment black with three white streaks; feeds upon chickweed and grasses. Not scarce. Derbyshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent, SuiTey, and Devon. SEGETIA (Stephens). The Square Spot Rustic {Segetiaxuntkograpka, Stephens) appears in August. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths; first pair chestnut brown, with a square spot between the stig¬ mata, and three indistinct brown streaks, and a pale one towards the hinder margin; second pair wliitish, with a yellowish fringe. Caterpillar dull yellow, with a pale line on the side, streaked and dotted with black behind; head brown, with three dark streaks. Plentiful. Near London, Essex, Salop, Kent, and Sussex. The Neglected Rustic (?. neglecta, Stephens) appears in September. Wings one inch seven-twelftlis to three-fourths; ,V first pair obscure ash colour, with streaks of very minute black dots; the posterior stigma with a brown spot. Rare. Kent and Hampshire. GRAMMESIA (Stephens). The Triple-lines (G. tritineu, Stephens) appears the end of June and beginning of September. Wings one inch one-fourth X to five-twelfths, whitish grey; first pair with three slanting and equidistant dusky streaks, with an indistinct one at the base; second pair dusky, with a grey fringe. Catei-pillar ash grey, ■with a pale stripe on the «ides; feeds on tlie plantain. Not scarce. Hertfordsliire, Kent, and Sun-ey. The Dark Treble-lines {G. biline a, Stephen.?) appears in July. Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths, greyish bro-wn; first pair with two nearly straight dingy streaks, between which is a very indistinct stigma. Very rare. Essex, Kent, and Surrey. CARADRINA (Ochsenheimer). The Dotted Rustic (C. ambigua, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths; first pair CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 61 brownish grey, with three indistinct din^ streaks, and a pale one towards the hinder margin; the stigmata with a white border; second pair whitish. Caterpillar rusty red, with a brown head; feeds on dandelion and plantain. Scarce. Kent, and near London. Lesser Dotted Rustic (C. Redacta, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third, grey; first pair with three indistinct dingy streaks and a pale one towards the hinder margin, the stigmata with whitish margins, smaller than the preceding, and its markings more indistinct. Not rare. Derbyshire and Kent. The Garden Rustic (C. Alsines, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-fourth, brownish; first pair with a broad brown indistinct streak towards the hinder margin, and the ordinary stigmata brown and distinct. Cater- jnllar ash grey, with a reddish line on the sides, and a brown head; feeds on plantain. Rather scarce. Near London, Hamp¬ shire, and Devonsliire. The Waved Rustic (C. implexa, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, rusty grey; first pair with four distinct darker streaks, and a fifth very pale and waved behind the posterior stigma; the ordinary stigmata brown. Not scarce. Kent. The Grey Rustic (C. laenis, Stephens) appears the begin¬ ning of July. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third, very obscure, the streaks nearly as in the Square Spot Rustic, but more slender and indistinct, scarcely visible unless by a lens, the anterior stigma wanting, the posterior kidney-shaped, one having only the margin apparent, with a black dot at the base. The fringe of the first pair dull reddish, of the second paler. Very rare. Near London. The Dingy Rustic {C. sordida, Stephens). Wings one inch one-third, dull reddish; first pair with two very indistinct streaks behind the middle, the margins of the stigmata alone visible, a marginal row of very minute spots. Very rare. Lo¬ cality unknown. Morpheus (C. Morpheus, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third, pale-yellowish ash, first pair with the ordinary streaks, and an external band more obscure; second pair whitish, with the margin and central crescent dusky. Rare. Devonshire and Hertfordshire. The Mottled Rustic (C. Sepii, Haworth) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third, grey, clouded with a broad dusky band towards the hinder margin; the stigmata in¬ distinct, brown, and in form of spots; second pair rather large, whitish, with a dusky marginal streak, fringe w'hite, tinged with yellow. Caterpillar reddish-brown, with a yeUow line on the back, and reddish streaks on the sides; feeds on the Convolvu¬ lus Sepium. Common. Near London. 62 COKSPECTUS OF MOTHS. Thb Mottled Willow (C. ctibicularis, Haworth) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch one-fourth, ashy ■white, clouded ■with a waved streak on the hinder margin, composed of very numerous triangular aiTow-shaped red spots, edged ex¬ ternally with a paler colour; second pair ■whitish, with the mar¬ gin and nervures dusky. Caterpillar feeds on the Valeriana locusta. Common; Near London and Kent. The Powdered Rustic (C.SMpersfes.OcHSENHEiMER). Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third, ashy white, powdered with brown, ■with a ■waved streak near the hinder margin reddish brown, and externally edged with pale, with a row of somewhat three-cornered black dots on the extreme margin; fringe ashy- brown ; second pair white, with the margin and nervures dusky, fringe white. Not common. The Pearl Ru.stic (C. glareosa, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third; first pair faint ash colour, with a black somewhat square spot between the ordinary stig¬ mata, and two short interrupted spots on the upper margin, to¬ wards the base; second pair and fringe white, tinged with yel¬ low. Not common. Hampshire and Devonshire. GLiEA (Hubner). The Red Chestnut (G. ruhrieosa, Stephens) appears the end of March. Wings one inch one-third to one-half, chestnut- red ; first pair with the upper edge pale, as far as the middle, four waved dusky streaks, and the ordinarj- stigmata rather indis¬ tinct ; second pair reddish brown, with reddish fringe. Cater¬ pillar grey, with a pale back, and each segment with two white dots; feeds on the Rumex acuta. Very rare. Kent. The Dotted Chestnut (G. rubiginea, Haworth). Wings one inch one-third, rusty bro'wn, with numerous irreg^ular brown spots. Caterpillar slightly hairy, brownish, with a black spotted line down tlie back, the hair grey. Very rare. Locality un¬ known. The Satellite (G. Satellitia, Stephens) appears in Septem¬ ber. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths; first pair chestnut red, indented on the hinder margin with brown streaks, the posterior one being considerably waved; in place of the posterior stigma is a small white crescent-shaped spot, ■with a sm^ white dot above it, and another below it; second pair blackish, ■wnth red fringe. Caterpillar black or greenish, ■with a narrow white line on the sides, and yello^wish marks on the neck; feeds on the bramble, sloe, oak, beech, &c. Not uncommon. Essex, Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, Devonshire, and Hampshire. The Bilberry (G. Vaccinii, Stephens) appears in Septem¬ ber. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; having the ner- ■vures rust-red, ■with brown streaks, and a row of red spots to¬ wards the hinder margin, placed on a broad pale chestnut-co¬ loured band; second pair dusky, ■with red fringe. Caterpillar rusty brown, •with a pale line on the sides, the collar and tail CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 63 black with white streaks; feeds on the bramble, black and red wortleberries, &c. Not imcommon. Hertfordshire, Norfolk, Surrey, and Devonshire. Tub Dark Chestnut {O. spadicea, Haworth) appears in September. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair of an almost uniform chestnut colour, but somewhat clouded with dusky, the upper edge towards the hinder margin with a few pale spots. Not scarce. Near London. The Black Chestnut (G. subnigra, Stephens) appears in September. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair blackish chestnut, with a somewhat interrupted pale band near the hinder margin, composed of confluent white spots; second pair dusky, with the fringe slightly reddish; the abdomen of the male less flat. Rare. Near London. The Net Chestnut (G. polita, Haworth) appears in Sep¬ tember. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; rust-red, with the nervures and streaks netted and powdered with ashy- grey. Caterpillar pale brick-red, with black dots; feeds on tai-axacum. AMPHIPYRA, (Ochsenheimer). The Copper Underwing (A. Pyramidea, Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of August. Wings one inch two-thirds to two Inches; first pair brown, varied with grey, with three waved yellowish streaks, and towards the middle the anterior stigma encircled with white; second pair copper coloured, wdth the upper edge brown. Caterpillar green, with a whitish line on the back and sides, and a large cone-shaped protuberance on the posterior segment; feeds on the oak. Rather scarce. Hereford¬ shire, Essex, Surrey, and Hampshire. PYROPHILA, (Stephens). The Mouse (P. Tragopogonis, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair mouse-brown, with three black spots in the middle; second pair livid brown. Caterpillar green, with five white lines, and a few whitish spots on the sides; feeds on the goat’s-beard, spinach, dock, larkspur, &c. Not scarce. Hertfordshire, Warwickshire, and Kent. The Mahogany (P. tetra, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths; first pair deep brown, with three indistinct brown spots in the middle, and four white ones on the upper edge; second pair rusty ash. Caterpillar green, with a white line on the back, and two red ones on the sides, the head small; feeds on various plants. Scarce. Essex, near London, Somersetshire, and Devonshire. DYPTERYGIA (Stephens). The Bird’s Wing {D. Pinastri, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch flve-tw’elfths to one-half, black, with an ashy- 64 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. streaked spot resembling an expanded bird’s wing at the pos¬ terior angle of the first pair. Caterpillar dull brown, sprinkled with deeper spots, with some dusky slanting lines, and two pale ones. Scarce. Norfolk, Middlesex, and Surrey. N.ENIA (Stephens). The Dark Gothic (JV. typica (Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-half to ten-twelfths, brown; first pair with white nervures, and three stigmata margined with whitish. Caterpillar grey, the sides dingy, with three faint streaks; feeds on the hound’s tongue, nettle, willow, &c. Pupa brown, enclosed in a web. Common. Shropshire, Essex, Huntingdonshire, and near London. XYLINA (Treitschke). The Grey Shoulder Knot (X. Lambda, Treitschke) ap¬ pears in Autumn. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair white, clouded, the base with a Une terminating in two or three twigs, at the hinder margin a row of black spots; second pair deep brown, with the fringe paler. Caterpillar downy, green, white-spotted, with a bluish line on the back ; feeds on the oak. Rather scarce. Salop, Hertfordshire, Essex, and Sur¬ rey. The Pet (X.?mi?a, Ochsenhbimer) appears in August. Wings ■ -one inch two-thirds; first pair deep ashy grey, with an indistinct whitish spot in the middle; second pair whitish, with dusky nervures. Caterpillar green, with a whitish spot, and a line of the same colour on the sides. Rare. Essex. The Tawny Pinion )X. semibntnnea, Stephens). Wings one inch seven-twelfths; first pair clouded, externally ashy brown, and internally brownish red; second pair ashy brown, with the margin, nervures, and a small central spot dusky. Rare. Surrey. The Stone {X. petrificata, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch two-thirds to three-fourths, pale grey brown; first pair with grey and brown streaks, a dark brown line at the base, and another towards the inner margin; the ordinary stig¬ mata paler; second pair with an indistinct slanting streak of brown spots a little behind the middle, and a dark crescent on the disc. Caterpillar green, with white spots, and a broad white stripe on the back, and a narrow one on each side; feeds on the elm, oak, sloe, time, &c. Rare. Near London and Devonshire. The Silver Cloud (X. conspicillaris, Ochsbnheimer) ap¬ pears the end of May. Wings one inch one-half to seven- twelfths; first pair streaked, varied with brown and ash colour, and whitish towards the inner edge; second pair snow white, with the nervures and hinder margin dusky, fringe white. Caterpillar dull green, with a yellowish white line on the sides, edged -with brownish; feeds on the Astragalus Onobrychis, &c. Rare. Kent and Bucks. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 65 The Kidney Silver Cloud (X. perspicillaris, Ochsknhei- mer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half, with four brown streaks, toothed behind witlr a single kidney-shaped common spot, the lower margin with a purplish tinge. Caterpillar somewhat downy and rough, green, with a white line on the hack. Rare. Kent. The Flame [X.putris, Ochsenheimer) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch one-quarter to five twelfths; first pair yellowish white, with the anterior margin and stigmata brown, and a slanting double streak of black spots towards the hinder edge; second pair of a pale yellowish brown, with the hinder margin spotted with brown. Caterpillar yellowish brown, black spotted, and streaked with pale yellow and whitish, with a yellowish line on the back; the head brownish black; feeds on grasses. Not scarce. Essex, and near London. CALOCAMPA (Stephens). The Sword Grass (C. exoleta, Stephens) appears in April or May, and the middle of October. Wings two inches to two inches one-fourth; first pair wood brown, rather long, narrow, streaked with brown at the hinder edge, the interior stigma oblong, the pos¬ terior ear-shaped; second pair greyish brown, with the margin and crescent on the disc dusky, fringe pale. Caterpillar green, with large white spots on the back and .smaller ones on the sides, and a red one beneath; feeds upon lettuce, spinach, broom, bramble, asparagpis, &c. Rather scarce. Oxford, near Lon¬ don, Kent, and Devonshire. The Antique (C. vetusta, Stephens) appears in autumn. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches one-sixth; first pair anteriorly pale brown, interiorly obscure brown, with an oblong spot; second pair of a deeper hue. Caterpillar dull green, white, spotted with a yellowish line on the back and a whiti.sh one on the side; stigmata red; feeds on Carex. Rare. Kent. XYLOPHASIA (Stephens). The Music (X. lithoxylea, Stephens) appears the beginning of July. Wings one Inch three-fourths to eleven-twelfths; first pair pale, somewhat clouded with dusky brown, with whitish and brown spots on the upper edge; the hinder edge irregularly rusty brown; second pair pale, with a central crescent and margin dusky; the nervures and spots on the margin brown. Caterpillar green, -with whitish spots and lines on the sides; feeds on the black thorn. Not scarce. Cheshire, Essex, Mid¬ dlesex, Kent, and Surrey. The Glimmerer (X. sublvstris, Stephen.s). Wings one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, rusty ash; first pair with a spot on jfthe upper edge, and the hinder edge irregularly marked with Fusty brown; second pair with a central crescent and streak behind, the middle darker. Rare. Sussex. The Dare Arches (X. polyodon, Stephens) appears the end 66 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. of June and beginning of July. Wings one inch flve-sixths to two inches one sixth; first pair pale yellowish brown, varied with black and pale clouds, with a whitish waved streak towards y the hinder edge; second pair ashy brown, with a dark mar- ” ginal border and a pale streak towards the posterior single. Caterpillar dull white, sprinkled with black spots, with a black head; feeds at the roots of grass. Very common. Cheshire, near London. The Liver (X. nirea, Stephens) appears in June or begin- ning of July. Wings one inch one half to two-thirds; first y pair varied with grey and brown, with a spot on the upper edge, a line from the base to the inner margin, and an irregular streak on the margin itself, all brownish grey; second pair brown, with a dark marginal streak. Caterpillar feeds on the primrose, &c. Hertford, Darenth Wood, Netley, Epping, &c. The Hairy Horn (X. hirticornis, Haworth). Wings sea- green, with a shortish band and an interrupted terminal streak; the antenn-ce deeply fiinged. Perhaps a variety of X. rurea. Rare. Kent. The Clouded Brindle (X. epomidion Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair varied y with grey and brown, with three pale waved indistinct streaks, ' the anterior stigma with a black border; the hinder margin spotted with brown ; second pair as in X. rurea. Scarce. Der¬ byshire, Yorkshire, Devonshire, Surrey, and Somersetshire. The Pox Tail (X. combusta, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch two-thirds to three-fourths; first pair dusky brown; the ordinary stigmata in the middle indistinct, with whitish margins, the anterior oval and turned outwards, the external one ear-shaped, with an interrupted white margin, and representing the figure 3 or 5; second pair brown, with yellow¬ ish fringe. Rare. Kent and Surrey. The Snipe (X. scolopncina, Haworth) appears in June. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair varied with grey and brown, with a browmish band at the hinder edge, and a black waved streak behind the middle; the posterior stigma is white, the body slender. Rare. Yorkshire and Surrey. The Saxon (X.rectih'neR, Stephens). Wings one inch one- half ; first pair ashy grey, with a broad band in the middle, and hinder margin dusky brown; second pair dusky, with pale fringe. Rare. Lancashire. HADENA, (Schrank). The Barred Arches {H. arnica, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch eleven-twelfths; first pair varied with brown and ash, with a broad angular dusky band, in which the ordinary stig¬ mata are very indistinct, the external one being large, whitish, and ear-shaped; second pair pale dusky, with a darker central spot and margin. Rare. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 67 The Dark Brocade (H. arfas^a, Ochssenheimer). Wings one inch two-thirds to flve-sixths; first pair varied -wnth brown and ashy, with a black line, yellowish streaks and stigmata; second pair whitish, with the nervures and external margin dusky. Rare. Kent, and Surrey. The Porphyry (H. satura, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of May. Wings one inch two-thirds to five-sixths; first pair blackish brown, with a black line, having the .stigmata and band paler, and edged with black ; second pair dusky, with the mar¬ gin, nervures, and a central crescent darker. Rare. Surrey. The Gothic Brocade (H. remissa, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair pale dusky, clouded with two black lines at the base, and a very broad central arch; second pair dusky. Rather rare.' Yorkshire, Salop, Hertfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. The Brown Pinioned Brocade (H. oblonga, Stephens). Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair ashy, clouded wth a large wedged-shaped dusky spot behind, and another ob¬ long in the middle towards the inner edge, towards the poste¬ rior margin a whitish streak, which is very much waved; second pair whitish, with a dusky border. Not common, Yorkshire Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Sea-Green (H. #7iaZns.?i«a, Ochsenhei.mer). WTngs one inch one-half to seven-twelfths; first pair ashy brown, clouded with three white streaks, pale at the base, with a black line; second pair dusky. Not common. Yorkshire, Suffolk, Norfolk, Essex, Shropshire, and Devonshire. The Gothic (H. Genista:, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two-thirds; first pair silvery- wmte cloiHkd with a black line at the base, and another resem- bhngthe letter I, in the centre; second pair whitish, with a darker border. Rather uncommon. Devonshire, Kent, and Hertford- The Prmty Brocade {H. contip;ua, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths; first pair clouded, varied with dusky yeUow and white, a white spot on the ^per edge at the base, and another towards the inner margin ; is pale or ashy, with a white waved arrow-shaped spots; second pair ner^res and marginal border dusky. Vater- w brown head, and two brown spots on the ofw ^ ^ stigmata; feeds on ragwort, broom, and other plants in August or September. Plentifid. Surrey. Dungy Brocade ( H . obscura, Stephens). Wings about ’ ashy brown; first pair with a large W^ck internaUy edged with three margin a very indistinct waved Veryrare^' ^ vanety of one of the two preceding. The Glaucous Sheers ( H . glauca, Stephens) appears in 68 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. June. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair grey, with the ordinary spots, and a waved band, yellow; second pair white, with a whitish fringe. Caterpillar yellowish and brown, with a yellow line and black spots on the back, the sides spotted with white; feeds on the Tussilago farfara in August. Scarce- Near London, Derbyshire, and Gloucestershire. The Sheers (H. plebeia, Stephens) appears in June.. Wings one inch one-fourth to one third ; first pair varied with ashy and dusky, with an indistinct black arch, having three ash-coloured stigmata; second pair ashy brown, with a darker margin. Ca¬ terpillar dull brown, clouded with red, and with black lines on the sides and back, the head black and shining; feeds on dande¬ lion. Rather common. Warwickshire, Cheshire, Norfolk, Es¬ sex, Kent, Suffolk, and Devonshire. The W^hite Spot Sheers (H. leucostigma, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; ashy white, with an indistinct arch composed of yellowish spots, having three whitish sti^ata, the lower one divided; differs from the preceding chiefly in colour, being paler. Surrey. The Tawny Sheers (ff. ochracea, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair buff coloiu, with four streaks, and the ordinary stigmata pale, having tlie third stigma wedge-shaped and blackish; second pair taight whitish yellow, with a brown border and a yellow fringe. Rare. Norfolk, near London, and Suflblk. The Early Grey {H. Lythoriza, Stephens) appears the end of April. AVings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair ash- coloured, with an irregular central dusky band, interrupted by two ordinary ear-shaped stigmata; second pair dusky, with an inter¬ rupted blackish streak on the margin, the fringe rosy. Not scarce. Cheshire, and near London. The Campion (H. Cucubali, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June. AAhngs one inch one-third to five-twelfths; first pair variegated with ashy and brown, the stigmata indented at the base, and divergent, having yellow borders, and dispo.sed be¬ tween two double streaks of a bright violet hue; second pair dusky, with a tinge of yellow, and darker at the hinder margin. Caterpillar greenish, varied with ashy, having obscure dusky spots ; feeds on the Lychnis dioica and Cucubalus hacciferus. Scarce. Warwickshire, Derbyshire, Bedfordshire, Gloucester¬ shire, and Kent. The Lychnis {H. Capsincola, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings one inch one-fouith to one-third; first pair variegated with ash colour and brown, with three indistinct whitish stress, the stigmata distinct, margined by a white line; second pair dusky ash, with the margin and a slender central crescent dusky. Caterpillar greenish, with blackish spots, having streaks on the sides, and a whitish line underneath; the head glossy brown; feeds on the Lychnis dioica. Common. Near London, Devonshire, South Wales, and Nor¬ folk. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 69 The Soap Wort {H. Saponarice, Ochsenhbimer) appears the middle of July. Wings one half-inch to two-thirds; first pair dusky brown, with the nervures and streaks brownish white; second pair whitish, with a very distinct brown margin. Cater¬ pillar greenish, with darker shades; the head and first segment brownish; feeds on the Saponaria officinalis and other plants. Rare. Norfolk, Kent, Suffolk, and Devonshire. HELIOPHOBUS (Boisduval.) The Feathered Gothic ( H. Stephens.) Wings one inch seven-twelfths to three-fourths ; first pair brown, with the nervures whitish, having two double streaks in the middle, and another towards the hinder margin, with three-cornered spots; second pair whitish, with a broad dusky margin. Com¬ mon. Salop, Hertfordshire, Kent, Devonshire, and Cornwall. The White-waved Gothic (H. leucophcem, Stephens) ap¬ pears in July. Wings one inch two-thirds; first pair rather in¬ dented, yarle^ted with grey, white, and brown; second pair ashy white, with a dark brown central spot in slanting streaks, and a faint dusky marginal border. Rare. Somersetshire. MAMESTRA (Ochsbnhbimer.) The Dingy (J/./wroa, .Och.senheimer.) Wings one inch five-twelfths to seven-twelfths ; first pair variegated with brown, ashy, and yellow, with a whitish kidney-shaped spot, and mar¬ ginal streak ; second pair-ashy brown, with the nervures, a cen¬ tral crescent, and the hinder margin dusky. Not common. Yorkshire, near London, Kent, and Suffolk. The Broom [M. Fiei, Ochsenh'ei.uer) appears in June. Wings half an inch to two-thirds; first pair reddish, clouded with grey, having towards the hinder margin a white wavy streak, dilating at the posterior angle into a large spot-like patch ; the second pair in the male are whitish, with a dusky margin; in the female ash colour at the base. Caterpillar pale brownish red, with yellow stripes; feeds on papilionaceous plants in autumn. Rather common. Dublin, Durham, Derby¬ shire, Essex, Middlesex, and Surrey. T Shining (iff. splendem, Ochsenheimkr) appears in ftve-twelfths ; first pair reddish brown, with three slanting darker streaks, the outer one terminated s" Stigmata pale reddish ash. Second pair buff asn, witn the margin, an interrupted transverse streak, a central crescent, and nervures dusky. Rare. Cumberland. The Cabbage Brightline {M. oleracea, Ochsenheimbr) ap¬ pears the end of May. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths; rirst pair chestnut red, with a yellowish kidney-shaped spot, and a wnite streak at the hinder margin; .second pair whitish, with a dusky margin. Caterpillar livid, with a dusky line on the "0 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. back, and a whitish one on the sides; feeds on cabbage, lettuce, &c., in autumn. Common. Dublin, Salop, Cheshire, near Lon¬ don, and Devonshire. TheDog’s Tooth (ill. Sttasa, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. ■R'ings one inch one-third to flve-twelfths; first pair brown, somewhat clouded, with an interrupted black line at the base; and towards the binder margin a white streak, with black arrow- shaped dashes on the anterioi edge. The fringe and second pair dusky. Caterpillar green, with reddish and bluish spots, and three blue streaks; feeds upon cabbage, dock, lettuce, plantain, &c. Rare. Norfolk, near London. The Mui.atto) M. nigricans, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch two thirds; first pair dusky brown, tinged w'ith orange, with the ordinary stigmata and streaks paler; second pair buff white, with the hinder margin and ner- vures dusky. Rare. Kent, Hampshire. The Cabbage (71/. Brassier, Ochsenheimer) appears in June, July, and August. Wings half an inch to two thirds; ashy brown. First pair with a white kidney-shaped stigma and streak towards the hinder margin. The colours in the female are darker. Caterpillar green or brown, with white stigmata, and an obscure line on the back ; feeds upon cabbage in autumn. Too common. Yorkshire, Salop, Wiltshire, and Devonshire, The White-line Black (JI/. albidilinea, Stephens) similar to the preceding. The first pair of wings blackish, with a white- ish and deeply toothed streak towards the hinder meirgin. Pro¬ bably a variety of 71/. Brussicce. Rai'e. The White Colon (M. albicolon, Ochsenheimer) appears in August. Wings one inch two-tiiirds to three-fourths. First pair greyish brown, with a wliite kidney-shaped patch, and two spots, and a series of yellowish spots towards the hinder mar¬ gin. Rai-e. Cumberland. The Stranger (TV/. Aliena, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half; first pair clouded with brown and ash colour, with a white toothed streak at the hinder mar¬ gin. The corselet with a forked crest. The Nutmeg (71/. Chenopodii, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair ashy brown, spotted with black, with three stigmata, one of which is kidney-shaped and blackish, and towards the hinder margin a white toothed streak. Caterpillar green, with an obscure line on the back, and a reddish one on the sides; feeds on various potherbs. Common. Near London. The Dot Moth (71/. Persicnriis, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds ; first pair black, variously clouded, with a snow-white kidney-shaped stigma, having an obtuse brown crescent. Caterpillar smooth, green,' with a white line on the back, having a faint cloud on the fourth CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 71 and fifth se^ents, with the tail conical: feeds on the hop, elder, &c. in autumn. Pupa brown. Scai'ce. Salop, Hertfordshire, Wanvickshire, Essex, and Surrey. EUPLEXIA (Stephkms). The Chevalier {E. lucipara, Stephens) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-tliird; first pair brownish grey, with a few black spots at the base, a band in the centre, and hinder mai'gin brown ; the posterior stigma is kid¬ ney-shaped and yellowish. Caterpillar, grass green, with a brown head, legs reddish ; feeds on bramble, dock, lettuce, &c. in autumn. Not common. Essex, Kent, Surrey, Hampshire, and Devonshire. HAMA (Stephens). The Rustic Shoulder Knot (H. basUirtea, Stephens) ap¬ pears the beginning of June. Wings one inch five twelfths to seven twelfths, deflexed, greyish brown, waved, with a black line at the base; second pair with the hinder margin, nervures, and central spot darker. Caterpillar light grey, with a broad white line on the back, and a pale one on the sides; feeds on grasses in autumn. Rather scarce. Near London, Essex, and Devonshire. The Tawny X. (H. testacea, Stephens) appears in autumn. Wings one inch one-fourth to seven-twelfths ; first pair brick red with an oblong black mark in the centre, resembling the letter X, and an arched streak composed of black crescents behind the middle; second pair white, with a somewhat interrupted brown streak at the margin. Rather scarce. Essex and Devon¬ shire. The Link (H. conn era, Stephens). Wings one inch one- third ; fii'st pair ashy white, with a black line at the base, a brown band in the centre, separating into two branches, and joined by an obscure dusky streak; second pair ashy, with the margins darker. Rare. Locality unknown. APAMEA (OCHSENHEIMER). The Crescent (A. fibrosa, Ochsenheimbr) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds 5 first pair chestnut red, with a large darker angular band-like spot in the centre, in which is a white crescent, the anterior stigma kidney-shaped and whitish, the streak at the hinder margin pMer; second pair dusky. Caterpillar whitish, membranous, with the back dull brownish red, and the head brown ; feeds on the Iris pseudacorus. Local. Cambridgeshire. The Golden Ear (A. nictitans, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of July or beginning of August. WTngs one inch one-sixth to one-third; first pair reddish brown, tinted with gold, streaked with brown, with the posterior stigma large, ear- shaped, and of a whitish gold colour. Rare. Kent, Hants, Devonshire, and Isle of Arran. r2 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS, The Rustic Mourner (A. didyma, Ochsenheimer) appears in August. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third ; first pair black, slightly clouded, and kidDey-shaped,with stigma snow- white ; second pair dusky, paler at the base. Rather scarce. Near London, Kent, and Middlesex. The Rye (A. secalina, Haworth) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair varied with grey and brown, with two streaks paler, and whitish stigmata. Rare. Kent and Surrey. The Harmony (A. unanimis, Ochsenheimer). No distinc¬ tive description of this insect has yet been published to my knowledge. Very rare. Scotland. The Ph(ebe {A. oculea, Stephens) appears in August. Wings one inch one-sixth to five-twelfths. First pair ashy brown or grey, clouded indistinctly, streaked with a kidney- formed stigma, snow-white. Plentiful. Shropshire, neai- Lon¬ don, Essex, and Devonshire. The Letter I (A. I niger, Stephen.s) appears the beginning of August. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third. First pair varied with grey and brown, with the letter I in the centre. Plentiful. Near London, Shropshire, Essex. The Russet (A. rava, Stephens) appears in August. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third. First pair pale red, with the upper and hinder margins irregularly brown. Not scarce. Hertfordshire, near London, Surrey, and Shropshire. The Twin Lobe (A. ophiogramma, Ochsenheimbr) appears in July. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third. First pair grey, with a roundish large black patch in the middle of the upper edge, and margined towai'ds the inner edge; a black spear-shaped spot at the posterior angle, and another smaller one near the hinder margin. Rare, Essex, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. MIANA CStephens). The Rosy Minor (.If. literosa, Stephens) appears the middle of July. Wings five-sixths of an inch to eleven-twelfths. First pair glaucous, with a waving rose-coloured streak at the hin¬ der margin, and black marks resembling letters in the centre. Rare. Essex, Kent. The Minor Beauty {M. strigilis, Haworth) appears in July. Wings five-sLxths to one inch one-twelfth. First pair varied with ashy and grey, clouded with three white streaks, posteriorly connected by a black line. Caterpillar ashy white, with a vio¬ let line on the back, and two on the sides having black stig¬ mata; head yellowish brown. Rather scarce. Derbyshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, and Devonshire. Tawny Minor (M. latruncula, Stephens) appears in July. First pair of wings ashy brown, tinged with bright copper, hav¬ ing the stigmata and streaks paler. Not common. Cambridge- CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Bi.ackamoor {M. Mthiops, Stephens) appears the endof June. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch, black; the first pair with deeper clouds, the hinder mahgin faintly tinged with a cop¬ pery hue. Rather common. The Cloaked Minor {M. humeralis, Stephens) appears the middle of August. Wings five-sixths to one inch j first pair deep brown or black from the base to the middle, then whitish ash, with a pale waved streak towards the hinder margin irregularly clouded with brown, having the antennce brown. Not scarce. Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. The Flounced Minor {M. terminalis, Stephens) appears the middle of August. Wings five-sixths to one inch one-twelfth, reddish bro^vn, with the hinder margin waved with blackish; the untennte rust brown. Not so plentiful as the preceding. Essex, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. The Rusty Minor {M. rufuncula, Stephens) appears the middle of August. Wings five-sixths to one inch, aH red brown, wth three streaks, which are pale and very indistinct; on the hinder marg'in of the first pair is a row of black triangnilar cres- cent-shaped spots. Scarce. Norfolk and Suffolk. The Barred Minor (M. fasniuncula, Stephens) appears the middle of August. Wings three-fourths to one inch, buff grey or red ; first pair with a broad band of a darker shade in the centre, mterrupted by the ordinary stigmata, which are paler. Rather scarce. Hertfordshire and Middlesex. The Dwarf Minor (M. minima, Stephens) appears the mid- two-thirds of an inch, ashy red; first pair with two spote and the three ordinary streaks of a paler hue ; with a white fringe. Very scarce. Cambridgeshire CELjENA (Stephens). Kidney (C. renigera, Stephens). Wings one inch one- third; first pair greenish brown, varied with yellow, with a darker band in the middle, in which the ordinary stigmata are placed; second pair whitish, with a brown border. Rare. Near The White Letter (C. leucographa, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third; first pair rosy brown, with two black lines at the base, a yellowish waved streak towards the posterior margin, and the ordinary stigmata buff colour; second pair with the margin and central spot darker. Local. Cambridgeshire. The Lance (C. Lancea, Stephens). Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch; first pair of a coppery brown, with four paler very indistinct sfreaks, the first at the base, the second before, and the third behind, the middle and the fourth indented, but slightly Cloved at the hinder margin j second pair yellowish ash, with a brown border. Rare. Norfolk, and Cambridgeshire* 74 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Hibernian {C. Hibemina, Stephens). Wingrsone inch one-fourth; first pair reddish brown, with a band towards the hinder marfrin, and an indented streak paler, having the first stigma indistinct; second pair with the central crescent and mar¬ gin darker. Local. Near Dublin. SCOTOPHILA (Stephens). The Porphtrv {S. purphyrea, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings five-sixths to one inch one-sixth; first pair dusky red, with a purplish tinge, with several white streaks and spots, mai'gined with black; second pair ash grey, with a black marginal streak. Caterpillar feeds on various kinds of heath. Scarce. Yorkshire, Kent, and Hampshire. ACHATIA (Hubner). The Pine {A. piniperda, Stephens) appears in March. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair varied -with rush brown and yellow, with the ordinary stigmata confluent; second pair brown, with a rosy tint. Caterpillar bright green, with a white line on the back and two on each side.; feeds on the Pinus sylvestris and other firs in June. Not scarce. Yorkshire, Derbysliire, Norfolk, and Hertfordshire. ACTEBIA, (Stephens). The Portland (A. prcecoie, Stephens) appears in June and September. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two-thirds; first pair translucent ashy green, with a broad waved red streak to¬ wards the posterior margin; second pair .’dusky ash, with a white fringe. Caterpillar grey, with a pale line on the back; feeds on the Sonchus oleraceus, Viola tricolor, and other plants in sandy places on the coast. Not scarce. North of England, Port¬ land Island, and Devonshire. TRACHEA (Ochsenheimer). The Orrach M. (T. Atriplicis, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June and in September. Wings one inch two thirds to five-sixths; first pair somewhat ashy p-ey, clouded with yellow or green, having a large whitish spot in the centre; second pair dusky, with a darker border. Caterpillar reddish, spotted with white, with a brown line on the back ; feeds on dock, Atriplex, Polygonum hydropiper, &c. Scarce. Cambridgeshire, near Lon¬ don, and Gloucestershire. VALERIA (Germar). The Olive Dot (V. oleagina, Germar) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch two-thirds to five-sixths; first pair marbled with green and brown, with five white spots on the upper edge towards the tip; the anterior stigma brown, with a CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 75 white border, the outer one large, ear-shaped, and white; second pair pale, with a brown margin. Caterpillar ash gi'ey, with black spots and reddish and black indented streaks behind, having the collar red; feeds on the black thorn. Very rai-e. Surrey and Gloucestershire. MISELIA (Ochseijheimer). The Italian Twin (ilf. bimaculusa, Ochsenheimer) appears in July. Wings two inches, ashy white; first pair slightly clouded; second pair with two spots, one large and brown, placed at the posterior angle, the other crescent-like in the centre. Caterpillar, grey, with dusky and whitish lines, each segment with an oblong black spot, in which the stigmata are situated, having a large brown patch towards the head ; feeds on the elm. Rare. Gloucestershire. The Hawthorn (M. Oryacanthee, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of September. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two •jt thirds; first pair varied with lirown, green, and pale, with a white crescent on the inner edge ; second pair dusky, with the margin darker, on which there is a shortish white streak. Cater¬ pillar, brown,varied with black and white, with a bump behind; feeds on the white and black thorn in June. Not scarce. War¬ wickshire and Cheshire. The April (J/. Aprilina, Ochsenheimer) appears the middle of April and in October. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two- thirds ; first pair bright green, with a streak of arrow-shaped spots near the hinder edge, and another streak composed of y smaller spots on the margin itself; second pair deep brown, with >*' a white streak at the hinder edge, and a shortish one at the pos¬ terior angle, the fringe white, spotted with brown. Caterpillar, variable, ash coloured, with dark spots and lines on the back and sides, or with whitish spots on the back, and whitish lines on the sides; feeds on the oak, beech, apple, &c. Common. Yorkshire, Essex, Herefordshire, Kent, Surrey, and Somersetshire. The Marbled Coronet {M. compta, Ochsenheimer) ap¬ pears in June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pan- brown, varied with black, with a broad black patch resembling the letter N, in the middle towards the upper edge, and a white w-aved or indented streak near the hinder edge, e.xpanding into a small spot at the tip; second pair dusky, paler at the base. Caterpillar grey, with brownish spots on the back; feeds on the Lychnis dioica. Not common. Kent and Sussex. The White Spot Coronet {M.alhimacula, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch five-twelfths : first pair olive brown, waved with black and white, with the anterior stigma and a square-shaped spot near it white, having the fringe white, spotted with black; second pair yellowish brown, with a dusky border, and two whitish spots towards the inner angle. Very rare. Kent. 76 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. POLIA (Hubner.) The Shining Brown {P. advena, Ochsenhbijier) appears the end of June. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches; first pair ashy brown, with three indistinct pale streaks, and towards the hinder edge a streak of confluent angular spots; second pair dusky, with an obscure marginal line, having pectinated hairy antennee. Caterpillar feeds on the Leontodon taraxacum, and Lactuca sativa. Not scarce. Near London, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Devonshire. The Tawny Silver {P. nitens, Curtis.) Wings one inch five-sixths; first pair brown, with a silvery tinge posteriorly, the kidney-shaped stigma semicircled at the lower extremity with pure white, towards the hinder edge a streak of confluent angu¬ lar spots, but whiter without, having the antennas setaceous and naked. Rare. Norfolk, and near London. The Grey Arches (P. bimaculosa, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch five sixths to two inches one-sixth; first pair whitish, clouded with brown, black, an d very faint yellow¬ ish, the stigmata large, white, and more or less ash grey in the centre, near the hinder edge an indented black streak, and a marginal row of dusky spots. Caterpillar brown, with a waved pale reddish streak on the sides, and two pale lines; feeds on the Verbascum thapsus. Not rare. Cumberland, Cheshire, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Great Brocade (P. occulta, Ochsbnheijier) appears in July. Wings two inches one sixth; first pair clouded with white and brown, with three white streaks; second pair much shorter, ash grey underneath, with a blackish central crescent, and the hinder margin white. Caterpillar black on the back, the sides brown, with buff-coloured lines; feeds on the dandelion and lettuce. Scarce. Cheshire, Essex, and Kent. The Silvery Arches (P. tincta, Ochsenhbimer) appears the beginning of June. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches. Fust pair clouded, silvery ash, with various waved streaks, the outer one being connected with three black spots. Caterpillar grey, with five black stripes on the back, and pale whitish ones on the sides; the latter having a reddish waved streak above them; feeds on rest harrow, &c. Very rare. Kent, and Surrey. The Jasper (P Herbida, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch five sixths to two inches. First pair pale yel¬ lowish ash, with indented black streaks; towards the hinder edge a pale and very indi-stinct streak, with two or three black triangular spots towards the upper edge; the ordinary stigmata large, and bordered with black. Second pair brownish yeUow, with a brown margin, the fringe faint yellow. Caterpillar green, wdth black spots on the back, the stigmata white, and head brown ; feeds on the Cochlearia armoracia. Scarce. Lan¬ arkshire, Norfolk, and Kent, The Temple (P, Templi, Ochsenheimer,) appears in October, CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 77 Wings one inch three-fourths; first pair obscure greenish ash, with waved streaks, and the ordinary stigmata yellowish, the fringe greenish ash, with dusky spots; second pair yellowish ash, with a dusky streak behind the middle, and an indistinct one towards the hinder margin, the fringe ash colour. Kare. Lancashire, Warwickshire, and Devonshire. The Smiler (P. Polymita, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch three fourths ; first pair ash white at the base, the tip with a greenish brown band in the centre, in which the ordinary stig¬ mata are placed; second pair dusky, with an obscure crenated streak behind the middle, and a whitish cloud at the inner angle, the fringe whitish. Rare. The Yeli.ow Girdle (P.y?a»oc!wefa, Ochse.vheimer) appears the end of June. Wings one inch two-thirds to five-sixths; first pair hoary, varied with ash brown, and orange colour, having a faint streak of triangular brownish spots externally edged with yellow at the hinder margin ; second pair whitish, with a brown crenated streak behind the middle, and an ash coloured marginal border. Caterpillar green, with a pale line on the back and sides ; feeds on the dock, currant, gooseberry, lettuce, -wullow, &c. Not common. Yorkshire, Essex, and Hertfordshire. The Crow Foot (P. dysodea, Ocusemhki*mer) appears the middle of JiUy. Wings one inch one-third to five twelfths; first pair ash coloured, with orange yeUow spots, a blackish band m the centre, and two streaks of crescent-shaped spots, the fringes ashy and tawny ; second pair ashy grey, with a dusky border. Caterpillar dark green, with dusky spots on the back, and a yellowish line on the sides; feeds on lettuce, wormwood, &c. Notscarce. Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. The Broad-bar WhiiTE (P.serena, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third : first pair ashy white, with a broad dusky band in the middle, bounded on each side by whitish streaks, the stigmata ash coloured with white margins, having the fringe pale ash grey, spotted with white; second pair ash grey, with a central spot and margin dusky, the fringe white. Caterpillar feeds on the Hieracium umbeUatum, Leontodon hispidum, Sonchus palustris, &c. Not scarce. Kent. The Brindled Green (P. seladonia, Stephens) appears the middle of April and middle of October. Wings one inch one- . 1^“..''®, pair varied with green and ash, with indistinct black streaks, scattered black clouds, and near the hinder edge a pale streak of iiTegular black triangular spots, and a marpnal row of more regular black triangiuar spots; second ^ in which is a whitish streak. J 7 green, with various dusky and pale stripes and HiU,SSe;Sr£.a Slrop,Wre, E„.x, 78 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. half; first pair variously clouded with ash, brown, and black, the ordinary stigmata white, between which and the inner mar¬ gin is a black mark like the Greek letter X (cfii); second pair of the male white, with nervures and margin dusky, of the female dusky, with a dark margin. Caterpillar green, with two white lines on the sides; feedson the Aquilegia vulgaris, Sonchus olera- ceus, and S. arvensis, Arctium lappa, Lactuca sativa, &c. Not scarce. Cumberland, Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Wales, Durham, and WUtshire. APATELA (Hubnbr). Thk Miller (.,4. Leporina, Hubntkr) appears the middle of May and August. Wings one inch five-twelfths to two-thirds ; first pair white, with spots and small waving lines black ; second pair snow white, glossy, and without spots, the nervures some¬ times slightly dusky. Caterpillar with yellowish white hairs, and several black tufts on the back ; feeds on the alder, willow, poplar, birch, elm, &c., in the autumn. Rai'e. Kent and Surrey. The Hare {A. Bradyporina, Stephens) appears the beginning of June. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half; first pair whitish, sprinkled with minute black spots and lines, the hinder margin strongly spotted with black; second pair white, with a row of black spots on the hinder margin. Caterpillar grass green, clothed with long white hairs; feeds on the Frunus domestica. Rare. Kent and Surrey. The Sycamore Tussock (A. Aceris, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair ashy white, with waved black lines, and the anterior stigma formed by a black ring; second pair whitish, with dusky ner¬ vures. Caterpillar covered with long yellow hairs, having five red and yellow tufts on the back, and a row of white chain-Uke spots edged with black ; feeds on the horse chestnut, maple, oak, ash, &c., in the autumn. Not scarce. Cambridgeshire and Essex. ACRONYCTA (Ochsenheimer). The Poplar Grey [A. mepacephala, Haworth) appears in May or beginning of June, and in autumn. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two-thirds; first pair ash grey, waved with black, with a whitish arch towards the hinder margin, the ante¬ rior stigma ashy, with a black ring ; second pair white, with the nervures and margin dusky, the fringe white, with dusky spots. Caterpillar, with a large head, hairy, brown, spotted with rusty red, having a primrose yellow spot on the hinder segment; feeds on the poplar and on willows. Not scarce. Hertfordshire, Cam¬ bridgeshire, and Kent. The Coronet {A. Liguetri, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half; first pair varied with brown and greenish, slightly waved with black, the anterior stigma round, brownish, with a white margin, having a large white coronet-shaped spot near the hinder margin, towards CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 79 the upper edge; second pair brown. Caterpillar pale yellowish green, with yellowish white stripes and slender black hairs; feeds on the privet (LigMsiraw Rather scarce. Derby¬ shire, Essex, Kent, Surrey and Suffolk. Tub Alder (A. Alni, Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of June. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths; first pair brownish black, with a large ash-coloured patch at the base and tip, two very deep black lines, one at the base, and the other near the hinder edge towards the posterior angle, which is ash grey ; second pair whitish, the fringe of aU the wings interrupted with dusky. Caterpillar h\a,ck., with yellow spots and long hairs on the back; feeds on alder, ash, willow, birch, poplar, &c. Rare. Norfolk, Huntingdonshire, Warwickshire, Dorsetshire, Devonshire, and Hampshire. The Streaked (A. strigosa, Ochsenheimer.) Wings one inch one-fourth (!) first pair whitish grey, mixed with dusky bro\TO, with three black lines before the inner edge; second pair greyish ash, with a transverse streak beyond the middle, and a narrow marginal line. Caterpillar yellowish green, with an irregular broad yellowish brown line on the back, sprinkled with black, head reddish; feeds on the black thorn and mountain ash. Rare, Norfolk. The Grev Dagger (A. Psi, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June, and frequents poles, walls, and trunks of trees. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths ; first pair ashy brown, hav¬ ing a faint black if/ towards the tip, and a strong one towards the posterior angle; second pair dusky, with a darker margin. Caterpillar black, with a broad yellow line on the back, and transverse red streaks on the sides; the fifth segment with a longish black conical protuberance ; feeds on the lime, alder, poplar. See. Very plentiful. Durham, Yorkshire, Essex, and Devonshire. The Dark Dagger (A. tridens, Ochsenheimer) appears in June, and frequents woods and woody places. WTngs one inch one half to two tliirds; first pair ashy white, having a fmnt black V near the tip, and a stronger one towards the poste- nor angle; second pair whitish, with a pale ashy margin, and a faint transverse dusky streaks behind the middle. Caterpillar black, with a narrow yellow line on the back, and a red one on the sides, the fifth segment spotted with white, having a conical protuberance on the back ; feeds on the plum tree, sloe, willow, white thorn, &c. Not uncommon. Essex, near London. The Spear Point [A. cuspis, Ochsenhei.mer) very similar to the preceding. Wings one inch to one inch two-thirds; first pair ^eyish white, with a yellow tinge, a waved black streak towards which are two y-like marks, the fringe wnitish ash, spotted with black; second pair whitish, with a dusky central crescent, a transverse streak behind the middle and po^enor border. Rare. Kent. The Goldilocks (A. auricoma, Haworth) appears the begin- nmg of June. Wings one inch five-twelfths to seven-twelfths ; 80 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. first pair whitish ash, with the ordin^ stigmata distinct and biack, and towards the hinder edge an indented black line termi¬ nating at the posterior angle in a patch resembling the ij/-like character. Caterpillar black, with a reddish yellow spot on each segment, and orange legs, hairs yellowish red; feeds on birch, aspen, heath, bramble, wortlebeiTy, &c., in autumn. Local- Surrey. The Light Knot-grass {A. similis, Curtis). Found with the preceding, of w'hich it is probably a small variety. Wings one inch five-twelfths, ash-grey; first pair with a somewhat waved black streak before the middle, an oblique shortish dusky one in the middle, and a third somewhat like a necklace, and white, towards the hinder margin an indented black streak, with a faint i)/ at the posterior angle. Not rare. Surrey. The Buck-bean (A.Menyanthedis, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths; first pair - whitish ash, clouded with brown, with the ordinary spots black, X and towards the hinder edge a waved black Indented streak, bearing the t mark near the posterior angle, the anterior stigma is small, and formed by a black ring; second pair ashy grey, with a central spot and margin dusky. Caterpillar black, with a brownish red stripe on the sides above the legs; feeds on the Menyanthes trifoliata. Not scarce. Yorkshire. The Dock (A. Rumiris, Ochsenheimer) appears the begin¬ ning of May. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half; first pair varied with ashy and brown, with black waved streaks and a w'hitish patch at the inner edge; second pair ash grey, with a dusky margin. Caterpillar dusky, spotted with white and red, with a yellow line on the sides; feeds on the bramble, dock, poplar, &c., in autumn. Pupa brown. Common. Cheshire, Norfolk, Essex, Hampshire, and Devonshire. The Spurge [A.Euphorhiie,'iiAyiroRTn). Wings oneinch five- twelfths to one-half, ash grey ; first pair waved with brown, the stigmata whitish, behind which is an ashy .streak in form of a necklace. Caterpillar light brown, with black spots on the back, and a rusty brown crescent on the neck ; feeds on the Euphorbia esula, and E. cyparissias. Rare. Near London, and Hampshire. The Eye Bright {A. Euphrasite, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half; first pair yellow ash, with brown streaks; second pair pale whitish ash, with a central crescent and margin of a deeper shade, dusky in the female; abdomen yellow ash. Caterpillar black, with a series of white spots on the back, and dusky ones on the sides; legsblack ; feeds on the white thorn, bramble, Euphrasia officinalis, &c. Rare. Near London, and Kent. BRYOPHILA (Ochsenheimer). The Bishop {B. glandifera, Ochsenhei.mer) appears the end '• / of Jund. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one-sixth; first / pair bright green, with various large black patches, more or less CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 81 bordered with black, the upper edge and fringe, spotted with black; second pair dusky, with a darker margin and white fringe. Caterpillar dull yellow, with black spots, and a whitish line on the back ; feeds on the Eichen saxatilis. Not uncommon. Middlesex, and Hampshire. The Marbled Beautv {B.perla, Ochsen’hbimer) appears the end of July and beginning of August, and frequents old walls. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch; first pair whitish, with black waved transverse streaks; the stigmata large, browm, and bordered with white ; second pair ashy white, with the cen¬ tral crescent and margin more or less dusky. Caterpillar, yel¬ lowish grey, with a black head, feeds on the Lichen saxatilis. Plentiful, Es,sex, Kent, and Surrey. DIPHTHERA (HiiBNER). The Sportbb (X>, ladi/ica.TREixscHKE). Said to be British on doubtful authority. The Runic {D. runica, Ochsenheimeb) appears the begin¬ ning of June, Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths , first pair very bright green, with numerous black spots bordered with white, and a marginal series of triangular black spots; second pair nearly black, with small white spots at the posterior angle—fringe white with brown spots. Caterpillar, dusky, with large tawny and minute white spots on the back. Rare, Nor¬ folk, Kent, Somersetshire, and Devonshire, The Obion {D. Orion, Ochsenheimer.) Perhaps a variety of the preceding. THYATIRA (Ochsenheimer). The Buff Arches (T. derasa, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of July, or the beginning of August. Wings one inch one- half to two-thirds; first pair without scales, variegated with w'hite and tawny. In the middle with brown and whitish, with two white bands converging posteriorly; .second pair dusky, with a tinge of reil. Caterpillar, greenish yellow, with dusky brown spots and black lines. Bather common. Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, and Devonshire. The Peach Blossom (T. batis, Ochsenheimer) appears the middle of June to the'end of July. Wings one inch five-twelfths to seven-twelfths; first pair olive-brown, with five pale rose-co¬ loured spots, of which that on the posterior angle is the largest, with a minute one adjoining it; second pair dusky, with a pale waved streak behind the middle. Caterpillar, rust-brown or dusky, with bumps on the back, and a zigzag streak on the sides; feeds on the bramble. Not rare. Norfolk, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. ERIOPUS (Trbitschke). The Fern (E. Pteridis, Ochsenheimer). Said to be British on doubtful authority. 82 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. CALYPTRA (Ochsenheimer). The Heraid (C. Libatrix, Ochsenheimbr) appears in April and end of July. Wuigs one inch two thirds to five-sixths; first pair grey, clouded with brown, with two snow-white spots, and towards the hinder margin is a slanting white streak; second pair dusky, with a darker streak behind the middle. Caterpillar, green, with reddish stigmata, and a white line on the sides; feeds on the poplar and willow. Not uncommon. Cumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Essex, and Hampshire. CEROPACHA (Stephens). The Satin Carpet {C. flucluosa, Stephens) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds; first pair ashy white, with a very broad brown band in the middle, in which are some dark wavy streaks, and a black crescent in place of the posterior stigma; second pair whitish, with a streak be¬ hind the middle, and the hinder margin dusky. Caterpillar, yeliowi.sh white, with dusky brown head; feeds on the birch. Not common. Kent and Surrey. The Twin Point Carpet (C. duplaris, Stephens) appears the middle of June, and frequents woody places. Wings one inch one-quarter to one-half; first pair ash grey, with a very broad dusky band in the middle, in which are two black spots; second pair brownish ash, with a pale obscure streak behind the middle, and a dusky central crescent. Caterpillar, yellowish peen, with a red line on the back, and small white dots; the head reddish brown; feeds on the poplar. Not scarce. Kent, Surrey, Hampshire, and Devonshire. The Dwarf Lutestring {C.diluta, Stephens) appears the end of August, Wings one inch one-quarter to one-half; first parr ash-coloured, with two straight rusty-brown indistinct bands, with a brown wavy streak behind them; second pair whitish, with a band behind the middle, and hinder margin ashy grey; the fringe whitish. Caterpillar, pale, with a dusky line on the hack, and black head; feeds on the oak. Rare. Essex, Kent, and Hampshire. The Poplar Lutestring (C. Or, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair ash colour, with brown waved streaks, and a central grey spot peatly resembling the letters O R. Caterpillar, green, with a brown head, with the anterior margin black; feeds on poplar. Rare. Essex, Kent, and Devonshire. The Figure 80 (C. octogesima, Stephens) appears the end of May, or beginning of July. Wings, first pair purplish, with brown pnting the figure 80 ; second pair whitish, with an obscure band behind the middle, and the hinder margin dusky. Caterpillar, yellow, with black dots on the back, and brown head ; feeds on the poplar. Rare. Shropshire, Warwicksliire, and Gloucester- COKSPECTXJS OF MOTHS. 83 The Yellow-horned Stephens) appe^s the end of February, or beginning of March. Wings one inch one- half to seven-twelfths; first pair ash-coloured, with three black streaks; second pair brownish-ash, with the margin and a stre^ behind the middle dusky, antennte yellow. Caterpillar, yeHo-wish- green, speckled with black, with a pale white line on the sides, and Uvo large eye-like spots; head brown; feeds on the birch, poplar, .and oak. Rare. Kent and Surrey. The Frosted Green (C. ridens, Stephens) appears the be¬ ginning or middle of April. Wings one inch five-^elfths to one half; first pair varied with green, brown, and white, with a whitish distinct large spot at the base, and two waved whitish streaks, having smaU white lines and black crescents towards the tip; second pair white, with the nervures towards the tip, and the hinder margin dusky; antenme yeUowish. CaterpMar, yellowish green, with a whiti.sh stripe anteriorly on the back, some black dots on the sides; legs brown; head red; feeds on the oak. Rare. Kent and Surrey. TETHEA COchsenheimer). The Olive (T. suhtusa, Ochsenhei.mbr.) Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-quarter; first pair olive-brown; the three stigmata olive colour with yellow borders, and fom‘ yellowish streaks; second pair dusky, with pale ashy fringe. Caterpillar, whitish green, with pale stripes and small white spots ; the head black and forehead white; feeds on the poplar. Scarce. Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Gold Tongue ( T. retusa, Ochsenheijibr) appears the end of July. Wings one inch to one inch one-twelfth; first pair grey brown, with four paler streaks edged with white; the first and hinder stigmata ear-shaped, olive, with a pale border ; the third stigma very indistinct, the fiinge chestnut brown, second pair dusky, with pale reddish fringe. Caterpillar, green, and very slender, with three white lines on the back, and one on the sides; feeds on the sallow and poplar. Not common. Essex, Kent, Surrey, Hertfordshire, and Devonshire. The Slender Gold Tongue (T, gracilis, Stephens). Wings one inch one-twelfth; differs from the preceding, with which it is found, in having a longer and more slender body; the first pair of wings darker, with the streaks less yellowish, the third being straight, and the fourth wanting; the stigmata have pale margins. Scarce. Essex, Kent, and Surrey. BOMBYCIA (HUbner). The Osier (B. Viminalis, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch to one-fourth ; first pair glossy ashy red, with black clouds; the ordinary stigmata with interrupted black margins, the base with a black line ; second pair grey, with a black streak on the margin ; fringe of all the wings hairy. Caterpillar pale green, with five whitish stripes; head brown, with black spots; 84 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. feeds on various kinds of willow. Hot common. Hertfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. CYMATOPHORA (Treitschke). The Dark Heart (C. Oo. Stephens) appears the beginning of June to end of May. Wings one inch one-fourth, to seven, twelfths; first pair yellowish, with rust-red bauds, and slightly waved streaks; the ordinary stigmata yellow, the hinder one heart-shaped; second pair white. Caterpillar, brownish red, witli white spots and lines; head black ; feeds on the oak. Not common. Yorkshire, Essex, and Kent. COSMIA (Ochsbnhbi.iier). The White Spot Pinion (C. Och.senhei.mer) appears the middle of August. Wings one inch one-sixth, to one-third ; first pair rosy-brown, with three red streaks; three white spots on the upper edge, and a black twin spot at the tip; second pair very dusky with a yellow fringe. Caterpillar, green, with white stripes; head and fore legs black ; feeds on the elm. Not plen¬ tiful. Hertfordshire, Surrey, and Devonshire. The Twin Spot Pinion (C.affinis, Ochsenhei.mer) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth; first pair rusty or greyish brown, with two white streaks, and a twin black spot at the tip; second pair black, with a yellowish fringe'. Caterpillar, greenish-white, with green lines; each segment with a black crescent; feeds on the elm. Not scarce. Hertford¬ shire, and Surrey. The Crescent Pinion (C. Ppralinn, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-fourtii to five-twelftlis; first pair purplish red, with strongly waved sti'eaks, and a white crescent-like patch on the upper edge towards the posterior mar¬ gin ; fringe yellowish red; second pair pale red, with red fringe, Caterpillar, green, with five white lines, and some white spots on the back. Rare. Norfolk, Essex, and Kent. The Dunbar (C. trapetzina, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths ; first pair grey, yellowish or reddish, with darker streaks, a central black spot, and the hinder margin spotted with black; second pair red, with the upper edge yellowish, aird the fringe red. Caterpillar, green or dusky, with ash coloured streaks and yellowish spots; feeds on oak, lime, hazel, &c. Common. Glamorganshire, Shropshire, near London, and Devonshire. The Angle Stripe (C.fulrago, Ochsenheimer) appears the cn d of July. Wings one inch five-twelfths to two three-fourths ; first pair plain or deep yellow, with a distinct reddish one-angled sti'eak before the middle, and a somewhat waved one behind the middle; the stigmata paler; the hinder margin with a black .spot; second pair straw' colour. Caterpillar, dull green, with a whitish stripe on the back, and three pale ones on the sides; feeds on the birch. Very rare. Kent. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 85 XANTHIA (Hubnkr). The Pink-Bar (X.flavago, Curtis) appears the beginning of September. Wings one inch one-fowrth to one-third; first pair orange coloured, with purplish spots on the upper edge and disc, and a slanting spotted band of the same tint behind the middle ; fringe purplish; second pair pale yellow, with an obscure dusky streak behind the middle; fringe yellow. Caterpillar, brown, rather clouded, with dusky, having a round head ; feeds on the sallow and plantain. Not scarce. Kent, and Surrey. The Golden Sallow (X.fulvago, Curtis) appears the middle of September. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths ; first pair yellow, clouded with bright gold, with two very much inter¬ rupted reddish brown spotted bands; second pair yellowish white with a primrose yellow fringe; thorax yeUow. Caterpillar, pale, with a brown head; feeds on the birch. Very common. Near London. The Lemon Sallow (X.gilvago, Haworth). Wings one inch one third to five- twelfths; first pair lemon coloured, with a dusky spot behind the middle, and a streak of dusky spots towards the hinder mai-gin; second pair and fringe pure wliite. Very rare. Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Barred Sallow (-Y. aurago, Haworth) appears the end of August or beginning of September. Wings one inch one-third to five-sevenths; first pair golden yeUow, clouded with red, with two dusky purplish bands ; second pair whitish, with a posterior streak, margin and fringe red. Caterpillar, grey, with small slanting red lines; feeds on sallows and willows. Not common. Kent and Surrey, The Centre-Bar (X. cewLago, Curtis). Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths ; first pair crenate golden orange, with a brownish one-angled band in the middle, and the hinder margin of the same colour; second pair pale reddish yellow, darker at the margin, with two obscure streaks behind the middle, fringe brown. Rare. North of England, Norfolk, and Dorsetshire. The Orange Sallow (X. citrago, Haworth) appears the middle of August. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair bright orange yellow, with the streaks and margins of the stigmata brownish red. Caterpillar, brown, with a pale streak on the back and sides, and a yellowish line above the legs, head reddish; feeds on the Ume. Rather scarce. Essex. The Fringe (X. fimbriago, Stephens). Wings one inch one- third ; first pair yellow, clouded with red, with the hinder margin very broad and dusky red; second pair reddish yellow, with the base whitish. Very rare. Locality unknown. The Orange Uppbrwino (X. croceago, Ochsenheimer) appears in September. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-third; first pair and stigmata golden orange, with brown streaks and spots, and the anterior margin spotted with white; second pair white, with a transverse rosy waved streak towards the middle, sometimes very indistinct. Caterpillar, yellowish, with a brown CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. line on the back, and slanting orange streaks on the sides; feeds on the oak. Not scarce. Hertfordshire, Surrey, Kent, and De¬ vonshire. The Flounced Rustic (X. rufina, Ochsenheimer) apjmars in September, and frequents woody places. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair red, the base with a darker waved band, the stigmata paler, between which is an angulated streak of a deeper colour, then a broad posterior band of oblong confluent spots; second pair dusky, yellowish at the base, with the hinder margin and fringe red. Caterpillar, reddish brown, spotted with white, and a white line on the sides ; feeds on the oak. Not very common. Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. GORTYNA (Ochsenheimer). The Rosy Rustic (6. micacea, Curtis) appears the end of July or beginning of August. Wings one inch one-fourth to seven-twelfths; fii'st pair dusky, with a rosy tinge and brown streaks, darkest in the middle ; the stigmata paler; a very slender dusky marginal band, and fringe ashy brown with a rosy tinge; second pair>hitish, withabrown streak in the centre. Caterpillar, flesh red, with small black dots, a red line on the back, and a pale streak on the sides; feeds on bulbous roots. Rather scarce. Near London, Cork, Norfolk, Devonshire, and Hampshire. The Mottled Orange {G.flavago, Ochsenheimer) appears the middle of September. Wings one inch one-third to seven- twelfths ; first pair golden yellow, sprinkled with brown spots, and having two reddish brown bands ; the stigmata yellowish; second pair whitish, with a central crescent, two indistinct streaks, and crescent-shaped, one at the margin, and fringe ashy brown; feeds on the pith of the burdock. Not scarce. York¬ shire. The Mottled Yellow {G. Luteago, Ochsenheimer) a native of Russia and Hungary. Said to be British on doubtful authority. NONAGRIA (Och.senhei.mer). The Bulrush (N. Ti/pA®, Ochsenheimer) appears the middle of August among buU-rushes. Wings one inch three-fourths to two inches; first pair dusky brown, with the nerviires white towards the hinder margin, with small black points or dots dis¬ posed in streaks, particularly towards the hinder edge; second pair whitish, with a central spot, border, and marginal streak composed of crescents, all dusky. Caterpillar, green, spotted with black, with a pale line on the sides ; feeds on the pith of the Typha latifolia. Not scarce. Warwickshire, Essex, Middle¬ sex, and Surrey. The Bristle-horn {N. pilicornis, Stephens) appears in Sep¬ tember. Wings one inch eleven-twelfths; first pair reddish-ash, sprinkled with a very few black dots, and having a curved streak CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 87 of indistinct brown spots towards the hinder margin: second pair white. Rare. Surrey. The Large Wainscot (N. crassicomis, Stephens). Wings one inch eleven-twelfths; first pair veined with deep }:;eIlow white, and ashy, with very numerous minute brown spots, and about six larger ones towards the hinder margin, disposed in an arched streak; second pair brown, with yellowish fringe. Very rare. Norfolk. The Reed {N. Cannce, Ochsenheimbr). Wings one inch two-thirds; first pair reddish yellow, with a single series of dusky points, forming an arched streak towards the hinder edge; an indistinct dusky spot in the centre; second pair yellowish. Rare. Yorkshire. LEUCANIA (Ochsenheimbr). The Comma (L. comma, Ochsenheimbr) appears the begin¬ ning of July. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half; first pair ash colour, with black lines and white nervures; second pair dusky, whitish at the base. Caterpillar, dull reddish brow’n, spotted with black, having three black .stripes on the back; the first segment black with three white lines; feeds on the com¬ mon sorrel. Rather scarce. Near DubUn, Yorkshire, Kent, and Surrey. ’ ’ Shore (i. littoralis, Stephens) appears on the sea coast. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths; first pair buff-colour, with a toee-forked central line, margined with black or brown, ■'^*“1 white nervures; second pair white. Rare. Cumberland The Old Wainscot (L. obsoleta, Ochsenheimbr) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half to seven - twelfths; first pair yellowish brown, with a central spot and nervures white, with a streak and external margin dotted with black; second pair a-shy gre^^ with the tip and fringe whitish, and a few small black spots on the margin. Very rare. Middlesex. The Smokv Wainscot {L. impura, Ochsenheimbr) appears the middle of J uly in woody places. Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths; first pair yellowish brown, with the nervures whitish, and three black spots placed in a triangle beyond Ithe middle; second pair greyish brown, with an indistinct central crescent, and pale fringe. Caterpillar, straw colour, with a slen- der line on the back, and a dull yeUowish sti-eak on the sides, feeds on Carices. Common. Near London The Dotted Border (L. punctina, Stephens) appears in woody places. AVings one inch five-twelfths to one-half, entirely reddish; first pair dotted with brown on the hinder edge; second pair pale, broadly ashy towards the posterior angle. Not scarce. Near London. The Arched Wainscot (L. areuata, Stephens) appears the bepnnmg of July. Wings one inch five-twelfths; fir.st pair pale straw coloured, with two black spots in the centre; second CONSPECTDS OF MOTHS. pair white, tinged with ashy, with an arched series of brown spots behind the middle, fringe white. Rare. Surrey. The Pale Wainscot (fr. pallens, Ochsenheimee) appears the middle of July, and frequents gardens, hedges, borders of woods and shady lanes. W'ings one inch five-twelfths to one- half ; first pair pale dusky, with white nervures, and three black dots behind the middle placed in a triangle; second pair whitish, or in certain positions very pale dusky. CaterpiUar, dusky, with pale dots and four whitish streaks. Not scarce. Cumberland and Essex. The Red Wainscot {L. rufescens, Curtis). Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half; first pair reddish, without spots,- second pair whiti.sh, with the nervures in certain lights dusky ; fringe white. Perhaps a variety of L. pallens. Not uncommon. Cumberland and Essex. The Sprineled Wainscot (h. snffusa, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair reddish, with ashy streaks, a central spot, and two indistinct small lines dusky; second pair whitish, -with a brown cloud toweurds the hinder edge. Scarce. Norfolk, Essex, and Surrey. The Ochre Wainscot (L. ochracea, Stephen.s) appears the end of August and in September. Wings one inch one-twelfth; first pair pale buff coloured without spots, very indistinctly streaked with dusky; second pair ashy w'hite, dai'ker at the margin. Rare. Cambridgeshire and Kent. The Waveb Wainscot (L.flnxa, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings one inch to one inch one-twelfth; first pair reddish browui, with blackish spots and nervures; second pair dusky, eyes naked. Scarce. Cambridgeshire and Surrey. The Reed Wainsc.ot (L. pygmma, Stephens) appears in August and middle of September. "Wings five-sixths to one inch; first pair reddish, wfith the anterior margin and fringe of a deeper colour; second pair dusky; abdomen white; eyes naked; thorax reddish. Not common. Hertfordshire, Essex, and Surrey. The Light Wainscot (L. pallida, Stephens) appears near marshes. Wings three-fourths of an inch; first pair W'hitish buff colour, without spots, with the nervures at the tip sprinkled with minute black spots; second pair whitish, fringe white; eyes naked. Rare. Essex. The Nerved Wainscot (L. neurica, Stephens) appears near marshes. Wings five-sixOis of an inch to eleven-twelfths; first pair buff coloured or pale dusky reddish, with an arched series of minute dusky dots behind the middle; secondpair pale whitish ash. Rai-e. Cambridgeshire and Essex. The Twin-spot Wainscot (i. geminipuncta, Curtis) appears in autumn. Wings five-sixths of an inch to eleven-twelfths; first pair dusky red, with a broad red fillet on the inner edge, and a CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 89 small snow-white twin spot in place of the hinder stigma; second pair dusky. Rare. The DEiruRB Wainscot Ci. pudorina, Ochsknheimer) ap¬ pears in June. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to three-fourths; first pair pale dusky red, sprinkled with black spots, and a dark streak placed lengthways ; second pair dusky red. Caterpillar dull yellowish wliite, with a white stripe on the back, and a dusky white one on the sides; head brown. Not common. Cam¬ bridgeshire and Hampshire. The White Speck {L. unipuneta, Stephens). Wings one inch ^o-thirds ; first pair reddish, sprinkled with grey, with a slant¬ ing dusky streak at the tip, and a minute white dot at the base of the hinder stigma; fringe rusty. Rare. SIMYRA (Ochsbnheimer). The Mousbebt {L. musculosa, Ochsenheimer) appears near marshes. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair buff-colour, tinged with greenish, without spots, and having the nervures paler; second pair dusky, with the margin darker. Ra¬ ther scarce. Cambridgeshire. The Powdered Wainscot (L.vvenosa, Ochsenheimer) ap¬ pears the middle of June. WingS one inch one-half to two- thirds ; first pair hoary, sprinkled with minute black spots, having a very slender dusky line from the base to the middle, and a second m the middle ; second pair and abdomen pure white. Ca¬ terpillar, above yellowish, with red, brown, and black spots and dots, a yellow line on the sides, interrupted with brown spots, beneath reddish; feeds on Carices. Pupa black brown, enclosed in a cocoon. Not scarce. Cambridgeshire. The Veined Wainscot (S. nervosa, Ochsenheimer) appears in June and the end of August. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair pale ashy brown, with broad whitish lines in certain positions, with the nervures yellow; second pair ash- coloured, with brown nervures. Caterpillar feeds on the elm. Very rare. Norfolk and Kent. PHLOGOPHORA (Treitschke). The Angle-shades {Ph. meticulosa, Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of May, beginning of June, and beginning of Sep¬ tember. Wings one inch three-fourtiis to two inches ; first pair pale rosy-white, with a triangular purplish hand in the middle; second pair whitish, with the nervures, a central crescent, and a streak beliind the middle, and a second towards the hinder edge, dusky. Caterpillar, green or brownish, with a white line on the back and sides; feeds upon pot-herbs, &c. Pupa, bright red- hrown. Common. Cumberland, Durham, York, and Kent. CUCULLIA (SCHRANK). The Water Betony (C. Scrophulariee, Ochsenheimer) ap¬ pears in April and September. Wings one inch two-thirds to three- 90 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. fourths; first pair buff coloured, dusky brown at the margins, with a pale mark towards the anal angle resembling the figure 3; second pair whitish, with a brown border. Caterpillar, greenish white, the head yellowish, the back and sides with some black and yellow spots; feeds on the Verbascum and Scrophularia. Scarce. Suffolk, Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, and Gloucestershire. Mullein CC. Verbasci, Ochsenhbimer.) appears April and May. Wings one inch three-fourths to two inches; first pair blackish brown, with the margins darker, in the middle of the inner edge is a pale white patch resembling the figure 3, or the Greek letter € ; second pair white, with a very broad blackish border. Caterpillar, ash-coloured or whitish, with yellow and black spots; feeds on the various species of Verbascum in July, Not scarce. Suffolk, Hertfordshire, and Kent. The Starwort (C. Asteris, Curtis) appears the beginning of July. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches ; first pair dusky brown, with a very broad wdiitish streak ; .second pair ashy brown; darker in the female. C^ferpil/ar, with the head brownish, spotted with dusky, a broad yellow stripe on the back, beneath which is a narrower violet one, then a broad dull green one, and then a whitish yellow one, the legs green ; feeds on various spe¬ cies of star-wort. Not common. Norfolk, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. The Shepherd’s Club (C. Thapsiphaga, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch five-sixths; first pair ashy white, with dusky margins and two rows of black dots towards the hinder edge. Rare. Kent. The Shark (C. Vmbratica, Ochsenheimer) appears the mid¬ dle of July, and frequents low hedges. Wings one inch two- thirds to two inches; first pair streaked with hoary, with a cen¬ tral rusty patch, and a black longitudinal line having contiguous black spots ; second pair whitish, with dusky nervures. Cater, pillar, blackish, with three rows of red spots; feeds on the Sonchus oleraceus and L. arvensis. Not very common. York¬ shire, Shropshire, Suffolk, Essex, and Surrey. The Lettuce Shark (C. Lachicee, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches ; first pair obscure ash coloured waved with brown, reddish in the centre; under¬ neath dusky, pale at the base and margin, with three whitish spots on the upper edge; second pair dusky, with a whit- ish disk. Caterpillar, black, with white rings on the sides, and a tawny line and spot on the back ; head black ; an anterior forked white line ; feeds on the lettuce, &c. Scarce. Yorkshire, Kent, and Surrey. The Tansy Shark (C. Tanaceti, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings one inch two-thirds to five sixths; first pair streaked with hoary, having two black lines lengthwuse, and three spots on the upper edge; second pair above white, with a blackish margin; underneath spotless. Caterpillar ash coloured, spotted with black and lined with yellow; feeds on the tansy. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 91 ■wormwood, &c. Scarce. North Wales, Norfolk, Suffolk, near London, and Devonshire. The Nioht Shade (C. lucifuga, Stephens) appears the beginning of July. Wings one inch five-sixths; first pair of a bluish ash, -With black nervures and lengthwise streaks; second pair on both sides dusky, darker at the border. Caterpillar, duU yellow, with greenish blue spots, and four streaks on the sides ; head.shining brown; feeds on Sonchus oleraceus, &c. Not com¬ mon. Shropshire. The Chamomile Shark (C. Chamomillce, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half to three fourths, ash colour, first pair streaked with black, with two hairy spots in the mid¬ dle, and three ash coloured spots on the upper edge ; underneath with three white spots on the upper edge; second pair streaked, with white fringe; underneath with a small central bro-wn cres¬ cent. Caterpillar, ash coloured, with two curved rusty lines on both sides of each segment; when young spotted with white and feeds on the flower of the Chamomile. Rare. Essex, Kent, Hampshire, and Devonshire. The Twin Shark (C. fissina, Stephens) appears in April. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths; first pair streaked, clouded with brown, with a whitish somewhat centi-al spot; yellow; second pair brown; tail forked. Not common. Essex, Kent, Surrey, Devonshire, and Hampshire. The Cudweed (C. Gnaphalii, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. The Wormwood {C. Absinthii, Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of July. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths; first pair hoary white, with black bands, and spots disposed in a square, a row of black dots on the hinder margin; second pah- whitish, with a brown band. Caterpillar, green, streaked ■with yellow and red spots; feeds on wormwood. Pupa in a case, brown, anteriorly green. Not scarce. South Wales, Middlesex, and Devonshire. The Muo-wort Shark {C. Artemisia:, Ochse.nheimer) ap¬ pears in June. Wings one inch one-half; first pair green, with silvery spots: second pair whitish, with a pale ashy margin; fringe of all the wings white. Caterpillar hairy, green, spotted ■with white, with a series of red tubercles on the back and sides; feeds on the Artemisia sylvestris. Pupa green, enclosed in a case. Rare. Oxfordshire. CALOPHASIA (Stephens). The Toad-rlax (C. Linarice, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-quarter; first pair brownish ash, streaked ■with white and black, with a white kidney-shaped spot, margined with black towards the hinder edge; second pair pale brown, with the nervures and margin dusky, fringe white. Caterpillar pale yellow, -with a broad stripe on the back, and 92 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS, black and white streaks on the sides; head ash-coloured, with black spots; feeds on the Antirrhinum linaria. Rare. Essex. CHARICLEA (Stbphsns). The Pease Blossom (C. Dulphinii, (Curtis) appears in June. Wings one inch one-quarter to one-third; first pair red, with a purplish band at the base, and another towards the hinder mar¬ gin ; on the margin a streak of the same colour; fringe yellow- white, and longer than any of the Noefnie; second pair white, with a brown border, outwardly margined with purple; fringe white. Caterpillar, yellowish, with black spots, and two yellow lines ; feeds on the Delphinium. Rare. Berkshire. EREMOBIA (Stephens). The Duske Sallow (E. ochroleuca, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair varied with hoary white and ash, with a dusky spot at the base of the upper, and three dusky bands; fringe white, spotted with ash- colour ; second pair brownish, with a dark border; fringe white. Caterpillar, faint yellow, with abright yeUow streak on the sides; feeds on wheat. Not common. Norfolk, Bedfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. ABROSTOLA (Ochsenhkimer). The Dark Spectacle (.A. triplusia, Ochsenhkimer) ap¬ peal's in July, in gardens, and near wood sides. Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths; first pair greyish brown, paler at the base, with two arched black streaks, margined with grey, and turned in an opposite direction; the stigmata pale brown; second pair ash coloured, with a dusky margin. Caterpillar, green ; the three first segments -with a white streak, and the two following ■with a black spot; feeds on the nettle. Not scarce. Hertford¬ shire and Essex. The Spectacle {A. Asclepiadis, Ochsenheimbr) appears the end of July on banks. Wings one inch one-third to one-half, of a brownish black, paler at the base; first pair with an arched streak at the base, and another behind the centre, turning in an opposite direction, -with black lines towards the outer edge. Caterpillar, pale, spotted with black, with a yeUow line on the sides ; feeds upon the Asclepias vincetoxicum. Rare. North of England, The Nettle {A. Urticee? Stephens) appears the end of July on banks, in woody places, &c. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths; first pair clouded with brown and glaucous, with two arched streaks, turning contrariwise; second pair dusky. Caterpillar, glass-green, with a whitish stripe on the sides; the fourth and fifth segments with a black patch, with a white bor¬ der on the back, and the other segments having white spots on the sides; feeds on the nettle. Common. Shropshire, Essex, and Devonshire. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 93 The Purple Shades {A. illustris, Ochsenheimer) appears in June or July. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first p^ brassy ash, clouded with green and dusky, of a glossy hue, with three distinct red spots, two-fold white streaks, and a wave on the outer margin ; second pair ash coloured, with a central streak on the hinder margin darker. Caterpillar, bluish green, with a yellow stripe on the sides, with three black patches on tlie sides of each segment; feeds on aconite. Pupa green, with brown spots, enclosed in a web. Kare. South Wales and Wilt¬ shire. CALOT.®NIA (Stephens). The Green Calot.®nia [C. viridis, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. PLUSIA (OCHSENHEI.MER). The Golden Y (P. Iota, Ochsenhei.mbr) appears the begin¬ ning of July, and frequents woody places. Wings one inch five- twelfths to two-thirds; first pair variegated with brown grey and rust red, with an interrupted golden character in the middle faintly resembUng the letter y, or k of the Greeks; the sUgmata remote, bordered with gold; second pair reddish ash, with a slanting streak, nervures and hinder margin dusky. Caterpillar, green, with white spots; feeds on the nettle, burdock, &c. Un¬ common, Devonshire, Yorkshire, Durham, near London, and Warwickshire. The Jot {P. Percontationis, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one half to two-thirds; first pair varied with brown and rust colot^, with an angular mark resembling the Greek v or » in tlie middle and contigpious spot, of bright gold colour; second pair as in the preceding. Often con- founded with the preceding. Not common. Hertfordshire and Kent. ThiE Inscription (P. himaculata, Stephens). Wings one inch two-thirds; first pair varied with dusky brown and rust colour, with two golden spots on the disc; second pair with a central crescent. Rare. The Yorkshire Y (P. interrogationis, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June or beginning of July. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths; first pair varied with ashy brown and rosy, in the middle a V-like character and a contiguous spot silvery; second pair dusky-grey. Caterpillar feeds on the nettle. t^rhea urens). Not uncommon. Island of Arran, North of England, but not soutii of Yorkshire. , The Gamma Moth (P. Gamma, Ochsenheimer) appears in Ap^ June, and September, and frequents flowers. Wings one inch oim-third to two-thirds; first pair varied with grey and brown, having a silvery tinge, with a perfect silvery Greek let¬ ter gamma (7) towards the centre, and an adjoining rusty spot; second pair pale ashy-brown, with the nervures and hinder 94 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. margin deep brown. Caterpillar, green, with a brown head, having a yellow streak on the back, and white ones on the sides; feeds on various plants. Common. Cumberland, Durham, York, Gloucestershire, Essex, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. The Essex Y (P. circiimflexa, Ochse.vheimbr). Wings one inch one-third; first pair varied with brown and ashy grey, with a pale silvery character resembling the letter V, extending nearly from the base to the middle ; second pair as in the pre¬ ceding. Rare. Yorkshire and Essex. The Reversed C. (P. biloba, Stephens.) Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair purplish brown, with wavy streaks at the base, and a spot towards the upper edge near the tip, resembling a reversed o, golden; in the middle a large silvery patch. Very rare. The Golden Green (P. aurifera, Ochsbnheimer.) Wings one inch one-third; first pair pale brown, with a large triangu¬ larly-shaped golden green patch in the centre; fringe yellow, with brown spots; second pair brownish; fringe drdl white. Very rare. Near London, and Kent. The Burnished Brass (P. chrysitis, Ochsenheimer) ap¬ pears the end of June, and haunts weedy places. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair pale brown, with a brassy green band near the base, and another placed slantingly towards the hinder margin, sometimes united ; second pair brown, with reddish-brown fringe. Caterpillar, green, with a white line on the sides, and whitish streaks above; feeds on nettles, thistles, &c. Pupa enclosed in a reticulated case sheath. Not uncom¬ mon. Near London, Essex, Shropshire, and Kent, The Scarce Burnished Brass (P. orichalcea, Ochsenhei¬ mer) appears in June. Wings one inch two-thirds to five-sixths; first pair purplish brown, paler at the base and tip, with a large somewhat square golden patch towards the hinder margin; se¬ cond pair reddish-brown. Caterpillar, green, with a whitish line on the back, a greenish white streak on the sides, and a white spot on each segment; feeds on the hemp agrimony. Very rare. Yorkshire, Berkshire, and Kent. The Gold-spanole (P. bractea, Ochsenheimer) appears in June, on heaths and mountains. Wings one inch two-thirds to five-sixths; first pair dusky brown, with a large angular golden glossy patch before the middle. Not common. Edinburgh, south of Scotland, Shropshire, Derbyshire, and Warwickshire. The Gold Spot (P. Festucts, Ochsenheimer) appears the middle of August, in marshy districts. Wings one inch five- twelfths ; first pair golden brown, with two golden spots in the centre, and athird more minute near the tip; second pair dusky, with red fringe-. Caterpillar, green, with a dark streak on the back, and a yellowish mark on each segrment; feeds on the bul¬ rush and other aquatic plants. Pupa enclosed in a case, formed by a leaf of the fescue. Rather uncommon. Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Kent, and Surrey. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 95 HELIOTHIS (Ochsenheimer). The Bordered Sallow (H. marginata, Ochsenheimer) ap¬ pears the beginning of June. Wings one inch five-twelfths to V, . one-half; first pair rusty, with reddish brown streaks, and a broad band on tlie hinder margin, composed of brown crescents; second pair yellowish white, with the base, central crescent, and border, brown. Caterpillar, green, clouded with reddish-brown, with a whitish stripe on the sides; feeds on the restharrow. Not very common. Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Devonshire. The Bordered Straw (H. peltigera, Ochsenheimer) ap- ^ pears in July. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two-tliirds straw coloured; first pair clouded, with a row of very minute black dots on the hinder margin; second pair with a central crescent, nervures and margin dusky, with a marginal straw- coloured spot. Rare. Yorkshire, Warwickshire, nem London, Sussex, Hampshire, and Devonshire. The Marbled Clover {H. dipsacea, Ochsenhei.mer) appears the middle of July and August. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair grey, with an irregular reddish-brown band behind the hinder stigma, and another behind the middle, be- tw’een and behind the stigmata a pale or yellowish square spot; ^ second pair white, with the base, a broad central crescent, and marginal border black, the border with a white spot. Caterpillar, red, with the head ash-coloured, the body with white lines; feeds upon various species of teazle, &c. Uncommon. Kent, and ANARTA (Ochsenheimer). The Beadtipul Underwing (A. Myrtilli, Curtis) appears in June and July, on heaths. Wings five-sixths to one inch; first pair rusty, with waved whitish and dusky streaks, and a whitish central patch; second pair yellow, -with a broad brown or black border on the margins. Caterpillar, grass green, with a bluish head, the segments with yellow and bl,aek marks, a black line on the back and sides; feeds on the whortleberry and heath. Rather common. Yorkshire, Durham, Norfolk, Kent, and Hamp¬ shire. The Heart-Bearer {A. cordigera, Stephens). Supposed British on doubtful authority. The Strawberry Tree {A. Heliaca, Ochsenheimer) appears me end of July in lanes. Wings seven-twelfths to three-fourths; nrst slight coppery brown, with a wavy black streak in the mid- a pale band towards the hinder edge ; second pair black, wth a yellow band in the centre. Not scarce. Yorkshire, Shrop¬ shire, Warwickshire, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. ACONTJA (Ochsenheimer). f HB FourSpot l,A. luctuosa, Ochsenheimer) appears in June . m clover fields. Wings one inch to c .. pair with a large rosy-white patch o 96 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. middle ; second pair with a waved white band in the middle, and an indistinct white spot at the hinder edge towards the posterior angle. Caterpillar said to feed on plantain. Kot common. Hertfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. The (A. aprica, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch one-twelfth; {>) first pair white at the base, towards the outer margin black, with two spots on the upper edge of the same hue. Very rare. The Solar (.4. Solaris, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair white at the base, brown at the tip, with a square white spot on the upper edge; second pair white, with a brown border. Caterpillar, grey, with the head brick-red, each segment with two white spots; feeds on the trefoU, dandelion, &c. Rare. Near London, and Kent. The Caloric fA. Caloris, Ochsenheimer). Wingsone inch one- third; first pair snowy white at the base, streaked wth bluish, marbled in other parts with brow'n and bluish, with a white square spot at the anterior margin ; second pair whitish, with a broad brown marginal border. Very rare. The Black Kidney, (4. migrirena, Stephens). iVings one inch one sixth ; whitish, spotted with brown, with the first stigfiia dot-shaped, and the hinder one large, black, and kidney-shaped. Very rare. EUPHASIA (Stephens). The Brixtow Beauty (E. elegans, Stephens) appears the middle of September. Wings one inch one-third, very white ; first pair with a white band towards the hinder margin, and tu-o spots on the upper edge, olive brown; a marginal row of brow somewhat eye-like spots, disposed in a chain; second pair with a glossy purplish tinge in ceitain lights- Very rare. Surrey. ERASTRIA (Ochsenheimer). The Spotted Sulphur (E. sulphurea, Ochsenheimer) appears the middle of July in fieids. Wings five-sixths to eleven- twelfths ; first pair primrose yellow, with five black spots on, or near the upper edge, and four in a row on the hinder margin, and two rather thick black streaks; second pair brown, with a whitish fringe. Caterpillar, grass-green, with a black line on the back, and a yellow streak on the sides ; feeds on the Convolvu¬ lus anrensis. Rare. Kent andSuiTey. The Silver Hook [E. uncana, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June, in marshes. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch, brown; first pair with the exterior margin whitish; from the middle arises a bent twig; the fringe of all the wings dusky, with a dark base line. Caterpillar, green, with a pale line on the sides; feeds on Carices. Not rare. Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Devonshire, and Hampshire. The Silver-barred (,E. Bankiana, Stephens) appears the CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 97 end of June or beginning: of July in boggy places. Wings five- sixths to eleven-twelfths of an inch ; first pair olive brown, with two snow-white bands, the outer one with a single tooth; near the tip of the upper edge is a small comma-shaped white spot. ‘ Caterpillar green, with a white line on the sides. Rare. Norfolk. The Rosy Marbled {E. venustula, Curtis), Wings two- thirds to three-fourths of an inch; first pair whitish, browm in the centre and at the outer margin, with a centrM rose-co¬ loured and a rather large blackish spot towards the inner edge. Caterpillar reddish brown, with two broad orange-yeUow belts, and a dusky stripe on the back and curved streaks on the sides. Very rare. Essex. The Dwarf Marble (E. minuta, Ochsenheimer). Wings three fourths of an inch ; first pair variegated with white, brown, lead colour, yellow, red, and olive; the base white, the hinder edge with a row of minute black dots; second pair brown, with the margins darker. Rai'e. West of England. The Scarlet {E. ostrina, Curtis) appears in June. W’ings three-fourths of an inch; first pair yellowish white, with violet streaks, and a white indented streak next the hinder margin. Very rare. Devonshire. The Blossom Tip (E. apicosa, Stephens). Wings one inch; flr,st pair glossy black from the base to beyond the middle, with a marginal border and stigmata purijlish; second pair brown, with a darker spot in the centre. Very rare. The Marbled White S,f ot: {E. fuscula, Ochse.nhbimer) ap¬ pears the end of June. Wings one inch; first pair ash coloured, variegated with brown, black, and white; towards the posterior angle a white oblong patch, behind which is a white streak cross¬ ing from the upper edge to the inner margin. Caterpillar, yeUow, with a broad reddish streak on the back, and line on the sides; feeds on the bramble. Scarce. Kent and Surrey. The Marbled White Line {E. albidilinea, Stephens) very similar to the preceding, of wliich it is probably a variety, and from which it differs in the absence of the white spot at the pos¬ terior angle, and having the white waved sti'eak at the hinder edge very indistinct. Very rare. Kent and Surrey. PHYTOMETRA (Haworth). The Bronze Bar (P. anea, Haworth) appears the end of August on heaths. Wings seven-twelfths to three-fourths of an inch, olive brown; first pair with a slanting purplish band be¬ hind the middle, and another on the hinder margin. Not scarce. Hertfordshire, Kent, and Surrey. ACOSMETIA (Stephens). The Red Buff {A. lutescenx, Stephens) ‘appears in July. Wings one inch to one inch one-sixth; first pair nearly uniform 98 CONSPECTt-S OF MOTHS. reddish buff, red at the upper edge; second pair pale brown. Rare. Hampshire. The Sooty (A. caliginosa, Stephens) appears in June, Wings one inch one-twelfth; first pair red or dusky greyish, with obscure indistinct streaks; second pair grey. Bare. Hamp¬ shire. The Dwarf Red {A. rufida, Stephens). Wings five-sixths to eleven-twelfths of an inch; first pair and fringe of a uniform red; second pair pale, with a central streak, of dusky spots; fringe pale. Rare. Norfolk and Cambridgeshire. The Li.ned Buff (A. Hneola, Stephens). Wings five-sixths to eleven-twelfths of an inch; first pair grey red, with a dusky streak lengthwise at the base, and another at the hinder margin, composed of minute dusky dots: second pair paler, with a streak of obscure spots behind the middle. Rare. Cam¬ bridgeshire and Norfolk. The Small Dot Buff (A. arcuosa, Stephens). Wings one inch one-twelfth; first pair dull whitish clay, witli two streaks of minute dusky dots; second pafr and fringe dusky. Rather scarce. Hertfordshire, Essex, Middlesex, and Surrey. SCOPELOPUS (Stephens). The Britshpoot {S. imps, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. STILBIA (Stephens). The Anomalous (S. anomalata, Stephens) appears in au¬ tumn. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair ashy brown, clouded with black, the ordinary stigmata pale and diva¬ ricated ; second pair pMe. Scarce. Hants and Devonshire. OPHIUSA (OCHSENHEIMER). The Black Neck (0. lusoria, Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of August. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to three- fourths ; first pair glaucous grey, with a black blotch in the mid¬ dle ; the hinder margin with a broad dusky border; second pair pale brown, with the margin darker; collar black. Caterpillar, greenish grey, with black spots and two dark lines, and an in¬ termediate yellow one; feeds on the Astragalus glycyphyllus. Not scarce. Yorkshire, Kent, and Surrey. The Scarce Black Neck (0. ludicra, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch two-thirds, brown; first pair with a dot and central patch black, and two indistinct streaks towards the tip. Very rare. The Double Barred (0. crassiuscula, Stephens). Wings one inch two-thirds; first pair greyish brown, with two bands of a deeper tint, a spot in the middle, and a patch towards the tip black. Very rare. North of England. CONSPECTUS OP MOTHS. 99 Thk Great Kidkey [0. ^radirena, Stbphevs). A native of America, reported to be British on doubtful authority. CATEPHIA (Ochsenheimer). The Alchemist {C. leucomelas, OcnsENUKiMERl. Wings one inch three-quarters; first pair dusky bro-wn, with black waved streaks; the hinder margin ash-coloured; second pair black, with the base and two marginal spots white. Caterpillar, ash- coloured, with yellow spots and bluish head; feeds on the oak. The Triple Band (C, trifasciata, Stephens), Wings one inch five-sixths; first pair glaucous grey, with three dusky bands; second pair brown, with the margin darker. Rare. Suffolk. MORMO (Ochsenheimer). The Old Lady {M. muura, Ochsenhki.mbr) appears the end of July or beginning of August. Wings two inches two-thirds t<> tliree inches, deep brown; first pair varied with ashy and black, with a broad central band, and seven brown spots on the . upper edge; second pair with a pale slanting central streak, and j( another near the hinder margin. Caterpillar, deep brown, with a whitish line on the back ; head yellowish; feeds on lettuce and other pot-herbs. Common. Shropshire, Essex, Kent, and Sur- CATOCALA (Schrank). The Ash Tree (C. Frarini, Curtis) appears in July and Sep¬ tember. Wings tliree inches five-sixths to four inches; first pair whitish, clouded with ash grey; second pair black, with a broad bluish band behind the middle. Caterpillar, ash-coloured, sprinkled with minute black dots; feeds on ash, poplar, oak,' elm, Hic. Rare. Yorkshire, Kent, Suffolk, and Surrey. The Chosen (C. Elocata, Stephens). A native of Portugal; said to be British on doubtful authority. The Wife {C.Nupta, Ochsenheimer) appears among wil- ^ lows the beginning of August. Wings three inches to three r inches one-half; prst pair ashy, with various waved streaks, \ the last unequally indented; second pair red, with a central band and margin black. Caterpillar, varied with dark and pale brown, with yellow spots and streaks; feeds on Salix viteUina. Common. Shropshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex. The Engaged (C. Pacta, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. The Bride {C.sponea, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June. Wings two inches one-half to three inches ; first pair of ^ a yellowish ash, waved -with brown; second pair bright crimson, with a very wa-vy band in the centre, and marginal border black, Caterpillar, -with a bluish head, the body variegated with brown and light ash; feeds on the oak. Pupa bluish. Rare. Kent, Surrey, Berks, and Hants. B 2 100 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Promised (C. promissa, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June. Wings two inches one-quarter to five-sixths; first pair ash-coloured, with black wavy streaks; second pair rich crimson, with a narrow wavy shortish black band towards the middle, and a black marginal border. Caterpillar, bluish ash, with black spots; feeds on the oak. Scarce. Surrey and Hants. The United [C. conjimcta, Ochsenheimer). Wings two inches one-third; first pair ashy brown, clouded with black; second pair rich crimson, with a nearly straight, slender, and somewhat line-like black band in the middle, and broad black marginal border. Rare. Surrey. BREPHA (HiiBNER). The Virgin (B. Parthenias, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of March. Wings one inch to one inch one-third; first pair brown, sprinkled with ashy-grey; second pair pEile orange, with a spot at the base, an angular band in the middle, and the mar¬ ginal border black. Caterpillar, yellowish-green, with a bluish- black line and black spots on the sides; feeds upon poplars and willows. Not rare. Essex, Herts, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. The Gire (B. paella, Ochsenhei.mbr). Wings one .inch one-quarter; first pair ashy brown, with indistinct darker bands; second pair yellow, with a blotch at the base, a central band, and hinder margin black. Caterpillar, idolet, with a white line on the back and sides, each segment with two spots on the middle under the line on the back; feeds on the aspen. Very The Hazel (B. notha, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of March. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third ; first pair rusty, sprinkled with ashy grey, having white spots; second pair bright orange, with a patch at the base, an angular band in the centre, and an interrupted marginal border, black. Caterpillar, green, with a yellowish line on the back, and a grey one on the sides; feeds on the oak, birch, and hazel. Rather scarce. Yorkshire! Essex, Kent, and Surrey. EUCLIDIA (Ochsenheimer). The Shepherd’s Club (B. glyphica, Ochsenheimer) ap¬ pears in June. Wings one inch to one inch one-sixth; first pair greyish, with an oblique band before and another behind the middle, a square spot on the upper edge near the tip, and a mar¬ ginal band, brown; second pair y^low, with the base, streaks, nervures, and hinder margin blackish; all the fringes brown. Caterpillar, rusty grey, with a brown streak on the back and sideis, the latter have a row of blackish dots above and beneath the streak; feeds on the Verbasci and Tiifolium pratense. Not uncommon. North Wales, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Huntingdon¬ shire, and Essex. The Three Corners (B. triquetra, Ochsenheimer). to be British on doubtful authority. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 101 Thk Mask (E. Mi, Ochsenhbimbr) appears the end of June. Wings one inch to one inch one-sixth; first pair varied with black and white; second pair black, with spots and waved streaks white, all the fringes white, spotted with black. Ca¬ terpillar, reddish white, with a dark line on,the back, and a whitish one on the sides; head brown, with pale stripes and dark spots j feeds on the Medicago falcata. Common. Wales, York¬ shire, Suffolk, Huntingdonshire, and Essex. GEOMETRINA (IIennie). GEOMETBIDJE (Stephens). PSODOS (Treitschke). The Black Mountain (P. trepidaria, Treitschke) appears in June. Wings five-sixths of an inch, smoky black, with a central band of a deeper tint, on both sides indented with a pale margin. Local. Schehalion, in Breadalbane, Scotland. The Gold Four-spot (P. alpinata, Duponchbl). Wings one inch, black, with a broad golden tawny band near the hinder margin. Rare. Kent. SPERANZA (Curtis). The Embroidered Yellow (S. limbtvria, Curtis). Wings one inch one-twelftii to one-sixth, yellow, with minute bro’ra dots, the antennae, upper edge of the wings, and hinder margin, black. Caterpillar, smooth, slender, green-brown, with a yeUow stripe on the sides; feeds on the broom. Not rare. Kent. The Woodland (i. sylvaria, Curtis) appears in July. Wings five-sixths to eleven-twelfths of an inch; rusty buff crtour, powdered with dusky, having dark waved cross streaks. Rare. Isle of Arran, Scotland. FIDONIA (Treitschke). The Waved Black {F.fuliginaria, STEPHENS)appearsin June. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch, black, with three yellowish waved interrupted streak.s, and near the margin a common indis¬ tinct streak of yellowish dots. Exceedingly rare. Near London. 1'he Brown Heath (P. atomaria, Haworth) appears in May, June, and August. Wings one inch to one inch one-fourth, yel- X lowish white, sprinkled thickly with brown dots, with five con- joined common streaks, and marginal border of a deeper coloM. Caterpillar, at first green, with reddish spots on the sides, wnth a brown stripe on the back, on each side of which on each seg¬ ment are small triangular deep brown spots; feeds on Scabious. Pupa subterranean. Common. Dumfriesshire, Cumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Hertfordshire, Essex, and Kent. The Black Heath (F. carbonaria, Stephens) appears the 102 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. middle of June. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch, pitchy black, with small white spots or blotches, fringes white and brown; antennse black, irregularly marked with white rings. Perhaps a variety of F. atomaria. Not rare. Near London. The Ghev Heath (F. ericetaria, Stephens) appears in Au¬ gust. Wings of the male one inch seven-twelfths to two-thirds j female one inch one-fourth to one-half; ashy white, sprinkled with brown dots, and having a brown marginal band; first pair with three equi-distant brown spots on the upper edge; second pair with a brown central spot. Not rare. Kent, Surrey, and Hampshire. BUPALTJS (Leach). The Bordbrbo White {B. Piniarius, Lba^) appears the middle of June, irK^r plantations. Wings qhc inch one-half to two-thirds, brown, Jipotted with yellow,/Clonded underneath, with two brown bantlSVv CaferpiWur, with a line on the back whitish, followed oh^ach sidp^y a yellowish white and yellow line; 'feeds on the^inuSySylvestris and P. abies. Not common. Scotland, Northuh>b;gfland, Norfolk, and Surrey. M.(ESIA (Stephens). The Grey Scollop Bar (Jlf. favillacearius, Stephens) ap¬ pears in June. Wings of the male one inch five-twelfths to seven-twelfto; female one inch one-third to one-half, ashy- white, with a black spot in the centre, the margin with a row of black dots, fringes brownish; first pair with two black streaks, accompanied with two black spots; second pair with a single streak. Scarce. Hampshire. ANISOPTERYX (Stephens). The Spring Usher (A. leucophenria, Stephens) appears in oak woods the end of February and March. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds, ashy grey, clouded; first pair with a black curved streak at the base, and another wavy behind the middle ; second pair whitish, with numerous brown dots, with a central streak composed of a few distant black spots; the female has only very short indistinct wings, with three reddish grey lines, sprinkled with dusky, and having two black streaks; varies much. Very common. Durham, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Wall Usher {A. Mscularia, Stephens) appears on gal- ings and trunks of trees the middle of March. W’ings one inch one-third to one-half, ashy-broivn, with a band in the centre margined with white, outwardly indented and deeper, and a brown slanting slender line at the tip, the margins with a row of minute black spots, fringe pale brown; the female without wings, of a mouse colour, with pale ^ey dots on the head and breast. Caterpillar, green, with a white line on each side of the back, and another above the legs; feeds on the privet, sloe, and horse-chestnut. Rather common. Cumberland, Essex, and near London. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 103 HIBERNIA (Latrkii,w?). The Cross Wing (H. capreolaria, Duponchel) appears in Feb¬ ruary and March. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths 5 first pair reddish grey, sprinkled with rust-brown spots, with a darker straight streak before the middle, and a marginal band, in which is a row of pale spots. Caterpillar, fawn yellow, the four first segments with brown, yellow, and red lines, the body with brown and yellow dots and lines, a row of white dots on each side; feeds on oak and birch. greenish brown. Common. Cumberland, Durham, Essex, and near London. The Umbrb Link {H. connectaria, Stephens) appears in No¬ vember and December. Wings one inch seven-twelfths; first pair speckled with dusky brown, with three equi-distant brown streaks, and a pale square patch on the upper edge near the hinder margin ; second pair whitish, speckled with dusky dots, with two streaks in the middle, and an intermediate spot, brown. Bather scarce. Essex, and near London. The Scarce U.mbre It. prosapiaria, Stephens) appears in October or November. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair tawny orange, sprinkled with brown dots, with two slanting brown streaks, and a spot of the same tint in the centre; second pair pale tawny yellow, with a central spot, and a single streak, brown ; varies much. Caterpillar greenish, with a brown line edged above with white on each side of the body above the stigmata; head and legs pale orange; feeds on the oak, birch, and horn-beam. Pupa brown. Rather scarce. Edinburgh, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Umbre {C. defoliaria, Stephens) appears the end of October, in woods and copses. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to three fourths; first pair whitish, grey or rusty speckled, with two dusky streaks, and having a central spot; second pair paler, with a brown central spot. Ca terpillar, rust brown, with a bright yellow streak on the sides, and a red spot with a white dot on each segment; feeds on oak, lime, beech, &:c. Pupa reddish brown, with the tip very acute. Common. Cumberland, Essex, and near London. PHIGALIA (Duponchei,). The Winter Beauty {Ph. jnlosaria, Stephens) appears in March. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; greenish ash sprinkled with dusky, with a central spot and four inter¬ rupted streaks, black ; the streaks aidse from equi-distant spots on the upper edge ; second pair similar, hut pale, with a single streak in the centre, the fringes with a slender brown line more or less interrupted. The female witliout wings. Caterpillar, yellow, varied with reddish brown, with red spots and black dots; feeds on oak, birch, elm, &c. in June. Pupa brown. Scarce. Cheshire, Shropshire, W'arwickshire, and Surrey. 104 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. NYSSIA (Duponchei'). The Hispid Beauty (iV. hispidaria, Stephens) appeirs in March. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth, ashy-hrown, with three dusky streaks, the two first waved, and the hinder one wavy, fringes pale, with dusky rather square spots; secosd pair dusky, with a dark central line. Female without wings. Ca¬ terpillar, brown, with dark square spots j feeds on the elm. Rare. Shropshire, Kent, and Surrey. BISTON (Leach). The Oak Beauty {B.prodromarius, Leach) appears in March or Aiiril. Wings of the male one inch one-half, female one inch two-thirds to two inches one twelfth, whitish, powdered with dusky, with two wavy brown bands terminated with black; varies much. Caterpillar, variable; brown or ash colour, mar¬ bled with yeUow or dusky, with white dots and fourteen spir¬ acles ; feedsontheoak, lime, &c., in June. Pwpa chestnut brown, with the spine terminating in two hooks at the tip. Rather scarce. Yorkshire, Warwickshire, and near London. The Spotted Eu.m (B. Betularius, Leach) appears in June and September. Wings of the male one inch one-half to five- sixths, female two inches one-fourth to one third, white, thickly sprinkled with black, clouded; second pair having sometimes a black wavy streak behind the middle, body white, corselet with a black band. Caterpillar, variable, greenish, or brown, with a reddish line on the back,—or ashy-grey, with two warts on the eighth, and two on the eleventh segment; feeds on oak, willow, rose, &c. Pupa brown, with a long spine at the tip. Common. Yorkshire, Durham, Cambridgeshire, and Scotland. The Brindled Beauty (B. kirtarius, Leach) appears in April. Wings of the male one inch one-half to two-thirds; female one inch two-thirds to five-sixths; hoary, yellowish, or grey or dusky, with black cross streaks approximating at the hinder margin; second pair similar, with only two cross streaks. Fe¬ male with the wings greenish, more translucent, and the mark¬ ings less distinct. Caterpillar, brown spotted with grey, with ten slightly raised warts on the back, legs yellow tipped with reddish; feeds on poplar, Ume, elm. Pupa short, dirty black, with a fine point at the extremity. Not scarce. Near London. HTMERA (Duponchel). The Feathered Thorn (H. pennaria, Stephens) appears the beginning of October in woods. Wings of the male one inch three-fourths to two inches, female one inch one-half to two inches one-fourth; first pair reddish, with two thick streaks at the upper edge, and an interjacent spot, brown, and a black spot at the tip, bordered with white ; second pair paler, with a central dusky .spot and reddish streak ; female paler. Caterpillar grey, varied with brown and white, with two reddish warts on the last segment, and two red spots on the first; feeds on the oak, beech. 105 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. horn-beam, &c. Not uncommon. Chester, Essex, and near London. CROCALLIS (Treitschke). The Scoelopeb Oak (C. elingnnri/i, Ochsenheimer) appears in June. Wings one inch one-haif to two-thirds, yellow ; fii'st pair with two darker streaks, having a dusky spot between them; second pair paler and spotless. Caterpillar, thick, dirty, brown, with a iew hairs > feeds on the oak, elm, apple, &c. Rather scarce. Durham, Essex, and near London. ODONTOPEKA (Stephens). The Scoeloped Hazee (0. iWeniaia, Stephens) appears in April and June in woods and copses. Wings two inches to two inches one-sixth; first pair reddish brown, dotted, with two waved streaks, and an interjacent ring, brown; second pedr paler, with an eye-like spot on the disc, behind which is a dusky waved streak. Caterpillar, grey, marbled with greyish red or green, sometimes green with black or white spots; feeds on the rose, widow, alder, fir, &c. Pupa thick, smooth, chestnut brown. Not scarce. Durham, Essex, and near London, GEOMETRA (Leach), The Aeber (G. Alniaria, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. The Canart (G. Canaria, Stephens) appears the end of August. Wings one inch one-tliird to one half, in both sexes nearly yellow, slightly clouded with dusky, margins sometimes spotted with dusky; first pair with two streaks and a crescent between them of a dark yellow; second pair with a dusky cen¬ tral crescent; corselet primrose yellow. Rare. Near London. The Ochre (G. ochraria, Stephens). Wings one inch one- fourth to five-twelfths, pale orange buflT without spots j first pair with two yellowish streaks, and an indistinct crescent between them of the same tint, corselet bright pale yellow. Scarce. Kent. The September Thorn (G. erosaria, Stephens) appears in August and September in woods and parks. Wings one inch one third to seven-twelfths, deep yellow; first pair abrupt at the tip, with two slanting nearly straight streaks in the centre; second pair angular, indented, without spots, sometimes with an indistinct cross central streak; corselet anteriorly tawny, poste¬ riorly yellow; female rather darker. Common. Near London. The August Oak {G. Quercinaria, Haworth) appears in August. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds, tawny, with evanescent darker dots ; first pair with two darker streaks, the first of which is angRilar near the upper edge, and the hinder slightly curved, hinder .margin abrupt; second pair without spots, with an indistinct cross streak; corselet slender, tawny; 106 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. female with the wings whitish yellow, with the nervures, dots, and two cross broad streaks, brown. Common. Shropshire, War- •wickshire, arid near London. The Angled Oak (G. Quercaria, Hubner). Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds, in both sexes, whitish grey; first pair, jagged, with two brown streaks and a dusky indeter¬ minate band adjoining the second streak outwardly, corselet pale whitish-grey; second pair -with a distinct cross streak, and margin dusky. Rare. Near London. The Angled Thorn (G. anp^ularia, Hubner) appears the end of August and beginning of September. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds, tawny; first pair with two cross some¬ what parallel brown streaks, and an indistinct dusky crescent between them ; second pair with an obscure cross central streak and the hinder margin darker; female paler. Caterpillar, reddish brown, underneath gTeenish,*with black spots and white dots, the spiracles dusky with their tips greenish; head and fore-lep yel¬ low; feeds on the oak, lime. Sic. Pupa pale green, with the abdomen yellow. Common. Near London. The Flounced Thorn (G. Carpiniaria, Hubner) appears the end of August. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half; first pair pale tawny, abrupt, with two cross dusky streaks, and an indistinct crescent between them ■, the space from the second streak is dusky; second pair dusky. Rare. Near London. The Duskt Thorn [O. fuscantaria, Haworth). Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths; first pair abrupt tawny ash, with two cross dusky streaks, the space from the second streak to the hinder margin dusky ; second pair in the female entirely dusky -, in the male dusky from the base to the middle, and the remainder tawny. Scarce. Cambridgeshire, and near London. The Early Thorn (G. illunaria, Hubner) appears the end of March and beginning of April. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to three-fourths ; ashy red, sprinkled with reddish ; first pair with three somewhat equi-distant dusky red streaks in the centre; second pair pale, with an indistinct streak. Caterpillar, grey, with rust-coloured rings, with black and yellow spots at the base of the spiracles and.on the sides; sometimes brown, with a rusty red line on the hack, and large red spots on the sides of the hinder segments; feeds on oak, willow, alder, &c. Not scarce. Yorkshire, Essex, and near London. The July Thorn CG./wharia, Haworth) appears the beginning of July in woods. Wingrs one inch two-sixths to Sve-twelfths, very similar to the preceding, but much smaller in size, the streaks not being equi-distant, and more indistinct; the wings also not so much sprinkled, and having a rosy tinge on tlie upper edge. Common. Essex, and near London. The Lunar Thorn (G. lunarin, Haworth) appears in June. Wings one inch five-twelfths to two-thirds, whitish grey, with indistinct sprinklings, and a central white crescent; first pair with two brown streaks. Caterpillar dirty green, mottled with CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 107 darker colours, and having the appearance of a piece of bark; feeds on the white thorn. Scarce. Roxburghshire, Shropshire, Yorkshire, Warwickshire, Kent, and Surrey. The Kent Thorn ((?. delunariu, Haworth) appears in July. Wings one inch one-half, whitish grey, with an oblique dusky streak before the middle; first pair with an incurved streak in the middle; second pair with two dusky streaks in the middle, and adjoining the outer one an obscure transparent crescent. Rare. Kent. The Subi.unar Thorn (G. suhlunaria, Stbphe.ns). Wings one inch one half to two-thirds, deeply indented with a small white crescent; first pair from the ba.se to behind the centre red- brown, with three dusky streaks, and the remainder purplish- white ; second pair reddish, with a brownish band. Rare. Der¬ byshire. The Purple Thorn ( G. illustraria, Haworth) appears in June. Wings one inch two-thirds to two inches one-twelfth, notched from the base to beyond the middle, commonly varied with brown and ashy, with a whitish crescent towards the upper edge of the first, and in the centre of the disc of the second, pair, with a purplish white border. Caterpillar, brown, with wliitish stripes on the sides, and brownish spots j feeds on oak, &c. Rare. Kent, and Hamiishire. PERICALLIA (Stephens). The Lilac Beauty (P. Springaria, Stephens) appears the end of June, or beginning of July. Wings one inch one-iialf to two- thirds, notched, yellowish grey, with a somewhat short angular violet streak before the middle, and two others behind, of w'hich one is brown and the other brown and violet; first pair with a violet crescent at tlie tip; second pair with some black spots towards the inner edge; female larger and paler. Caterpillar, varied with black and brown ; feeds on privet, lilac, willow, &c. Pupa thick, brown. Scarce. Salop, Cambridgeshire, Warwick¬ shire, Essex, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. ANGERONA (Duponchel). The Plumb Orange (A. Prunaria, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings of the male one inch five-sixths to two inches, female two inches to two inches one-sixth, in the male bright orange; in the female yellow, powdered with dusky, a dusky crescent in the middle, the hinder margin sometimes dusky ; fringe of the second pair with brown spots. Caterpillar, rust brown, with pale spots on the sides, head and spiracles reddish; feeds on the elm, sloe, white thorn, &c. Common. Westmoreland, Warwickshire, Essex, and near London. RUMIA (Duponchel). The BRI.MSTONE (R. Crateeguta, Stephens) appears in April, 108 COKSPECTUS OF MOTHS, June, August, and October. Wings one inch one-sixth to two- thirds, deep sulphur colour, with four red spots on the upper edge. Caterpillar, pale brown, with a bluish spot on each side behind the head, with the spiracles on the sixth segment slightly- tinged with reddish; feeds chiefly on the white thorn, sloe, apple tree, &c. Common. Dublin, Edinburgh, Ayrshire, Cum¬ berland, Durham, Wilts, Essex, and near London. OURAPTERYX (Leach). The Elder (0. Sambucaria, Leach) appears the end of June, or beginning of July. Wings tw'o inches one-fourtli to one-half, pale sulphur colour, with various obscure cross scattered darker evanescent lines; first pair with two darker yellow streaks, with Y an interjacent line; second pair -with a single streak and two black spots near the tail. Caterpillar, dull reddish brown, with darker lines; feeds on the elder,-willow, lime, &c. longish, bro-wn, -with deeper spoLs. Not scarce. Yorkshire, Durham, Cambridgeshire, Himtingdonshire, Kent, and Surrey. CAMP^A (Lamarck). The Light Emerald (P. margnritata, Stephens) appears the middle of July, or beginning of August. Wings one inch seven- twelfths to two inches, white tinged with green; first pair with a red spot at the tip, and two whitish streaks, and the second pair with one ; all the fringes pearly ivhite. Caterpillar, green¬ ish, varied with brown, -with whitish spots on the back and .sides, beneath -with black streaks and dots ; feeds on the horn¬ beam, oak, &c. Common. Yorksliire, Huntingdonshire, Essex, and near London. ELLOPIA (Treitschke). The Barred Red {E. fanciaria, Ochsenheimer) appears the middle or end of June. Wings one inch five-twelfths to seven- twelfths, red first pair with a whitish streak before, and ano- ,ther behind the middle, the interposing space of a darker hue; X second pair with a single wliitish curved streak ; female larger, -with the antennre bristle-shaped, and without the darker shade between the streaks on the first pair. Caterpillar, red, varied vrith brown and white, with the head red; feeds on the pine. Scarce. Fifeshire, Kent, and Surrey. HIPPARCHUS (Leach). The Butterelt Emerald (H. Papilionarim, Leach) appears the middle of July. Wings two inches one-sixth to one-h^f, deep grass green, with two cross streaks composed of whitish Y spots; a dark green crescent towards the middle of the upper * edge of the first pair, and on the disc of tlie second ; antennae reddish white, -with red rays in the male. Caterpillar, green, with a yellowish line on the sides, and red warts on the back; feeds on the lime, birch, alder, &c. Pnpa brownish, with yel- CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 109 lowish green spots. Rather scarce. Yorkshire, Warwickshire, Kent, anil Surrey. CHLORISSA (Stephens). The Grass Emerald (C. Stephens) appears the end of May and June. Wings five-sixths to eleven-twelfths of an inch, entire, very green, with an indistinct whitish streak before the middle on the first pair, and another behind the middle com¬ mon to all the wings; fringes reddish gn'een. Scarce. Essex, Surrey, and Hampshire. The Milkmaid (C. cloraria, Stephens). Wings three- fourths of an inch, green, with a common whitish streak behind the middle, the fringes entirely green. Very rare. The Common Emerald (C. thymiaria, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, dark green, the fringes white, spotted with dusky j first pair with a whitish wavy streak before the middle, and a second behind, common to all the wings; the second pair are angular, with a very indistinct darker spot in the centre. Caterpillar, green, with dark clouds; feeds on the oak, whitethorn, &c. Common. Essex, and London. The Little Emerald ( C. putataria, Stephens) appears the end of May, in woody places. Wings five-sixths to eleven- twelfths of an inch, pale green, with two common indistinct whitish streaks, and a very indistinct interjacent bloteh. Cater¬ pillar, green, with small red spots; feeds on the birch, hornbeam, &c. Common. Cumberland, Yorkshire, and near London. HEMITHE.4 (Duponchel). The E.merald Volute {H. vernaria, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, of a bright pale green, a somewhat wavy streak behind the middle, and the fringe white; the fir-st pair has also an incurved streak before the middle. Caterpillar, green, with a pale line on the back, and a white stripe on the sides, the head with two reddish spines; feeds on the oak, sloe, &c. Papa brownish. Rare. Kent, and Surrey. Curtis’s E.merald (H. smaragdaria, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch five-tweifths, green; first pair with two wai^ pale bufi’ streaks, with a white spot between; second pair vrith the upper portion and fringes whitish. Rare. Essex. The Green Carpet (H Cythisaria, Stephens) appears the end of July, on heaths, &c. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half, delicate pale green; first pair with an incurved dark green streak before the middle, and a waved one behind with an inte^acent dark crescent; the second streak is common, and also a third whitish and evanescent towards the hinder margin; fringes pale. Caterpillar, green, with a pale line on the sides; no CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. feeds on tlie broom. Pupa slender, and yellowish green. Com¬ mon. Essex, and Surrey. CLEORA (Stephens). The Maid of Honour, (C. bajulana, Stephens) appears the beginning of July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one- > fourth, very deep green : first pair with two waved streaks, and a reddish-white blotch at the posterior angle; second pair with a ■siiniigr blotch at tlie posterior angle, and one or two towards the inner edge, the fringes white spotted with brown. Caterpillar, grey; feeds on the oak. Not common. Kent and Surrey. The Brussels’ Lace (C. Lichenaria, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-fourtli to five-U-elftoS; varied with green and ash-colour, sprinkled with dusky, with a com¬ mon very wavy and strongly indented black streak behind the middle ; the first pair has a somewhat incurv'ed black streak near the base. Caterpillar, greenish, or ash-colour, varied with yel¬ low, the sides with black spots; feeds on different kinds of lichen. Common. Cambridgeshire, Essex, and Surrey. The Widower (C. viduaria, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half, white, sprinkled with black; first pair with three indented black streaks, with a black spot between the two last, on the hinder margin is a row of black crescents; second pair with a large central spot and two others on the inner margin- Scarce. Hampshire. The Smooth (C. teneraria, Stephens) appears the end of June or beginning of July. Wings one inch one-sixth to one- third, white, sprinkled with dusky; first pair with four equi¬ distant dusky spots on the upper edge, giving off an equal num¬ ber of indistinct sti-eaks; second pair with a dusky central dot, and an obscure cross streak, and a waved black line on the hinder margin. Caterpillar feeds on the Lichen omphalodes. Rare. Edinburgh, and Hampshire. The Girdle (C. cinctaria, Curtis) appears in May or June. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds, ash-coloured, sprinkled with dusky, the hinder margin with an interrupted row of cres¬ cent-shaped spots, a hand at the base, and several dusky spots on the disc. Local. Hampshire. The Painter (C. pictaria, Stephens) appears in the spring. Wings of the female one inch one-sixth, ash-coloured, with a row of distinct black dots on the hinder margin at the base of the fringe which is ash-colom-ed; first pair with two pale waved streaks, having an interjacent round black spot; second pair with a waved streak also behind the middle; antennie reddish; body with arow of white spots on the back. Rare. Kent. ALCIS (Curtis). Thb Mottled Beauty {A. repandariat Curtis) appears the middle or end of July, in woods and forests. Wings one inch CONSPECTUS OP MOTHS. Ill three-fourths to two inches, ashy-grey, clo'nled with dusky and grey, with a common waved black streak behind the middle, and towards the hinder margin a white one bordered within with dusky; having on the margin itself a row of black crescent¬ shaped spots, an indistinct dusky streak tow'ards the base of the first pair. Caterpillar, ashy-grey, with a dark line on the back, pale spots and dashes of black ; feeds on poplar, birch, &c. Com¬ mon. Durham, Yorksliire, Essex, and near London. The Mottled C.4rpbt (A. destrigaria, Curtis) appears in July, in woods. Wings one inch eleven-twelfths, ashy-grey, very much sprinkled and clouded with the same, with a common wavy white streak, bordered inwardly with ash-colour, near the hinder margin. Not common. Near London. The Wall Carpet {A. mvraria, Cvrtis) . Wings one inch two-thirds to three-fourths, ashy-brown, with innumerable dots and obscure streaks of a darker hue. Common. Scotland, and North of England. The Great Carpet (A. conversaria, Curtis) appears in June, July, and August. Wings one inch five-sixths to eleven-twelfths, ashy-grey, sprinkled with dusky, with a broad common blackish band, with two obtuse angles, the hinder margin reddish dusky. Rare. Dublin, near London, Kent, and Devonshire. The Silken Carpet (A. sericearia, Curtis) appears in July. W'ings one inch five-sixths to two inches ; silky-browm, or brick- red, sprinkled witli buff, having black streaks, and on the hinder margin some black spots j fringes dusky, interrupted with buff. Rare. Hampshire. The Oak Carpet {A. consortaria, Curtis) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches, ashy-grey, powdered with dusky, with indistinct indented darker streaks; same black conical spots on the hinder margin ; in the centre of the second pair a whitish ring or eye-like spot. Caterpillar, dull brown grey, with bright stripes on the sides, and a spotted line on the back; feeds on poplar, willow, honeysuckle, &c. Scarce. Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Oak Beauty (A. rohoraria, Curtis) appears the end of June. Wings of the male two inches one-sixth to one-fourth; female two inches one-fourth to one-half, a.shy-grey, sprinkled nitli dusky dots; first pair with four somewhat interrupted waved dusky streaks ; second pair with three dusky streaks, the second strongly indented, and a central dusky crescent behind the first. Caterpillar, grey-brown, with an obscure line on the back, each segment with a dusky arch, and the three first with a yellow spot; feeds on the oak and beech. Rather scarce. Kent, Essex, Sussex, and Hampshire. The Mint Beauty (A. piperitaria, Stephens). A mere va¬ riety of A. roboraria. • The Willow Beauty {A. rkomboidaria, Curtis) appears the 'rt beginning of July, in woody places and gardens. Wngs one 112 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. inch five-sixths to eleven-twelfths, somewhat dusky, sprinkled and clouded with dusky, with three common black streaks, and a waved white one towards the hinder mar^n; on the margin itself a fine black line. CoferpjVlar yellowish-green, with a red¬ dish head, with a yellow streak and two blackish lines. Com¬ mon. Durham, Cheshire, Newcastle, Essex, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. The Devon Beauty (yl.coresoinwartu, Stephens). Wingsone inch five-twelfths to five-sixths, pale grey, sprinkled with dusky or rust-brown dots, with three common indented darker streaks and a white evanescent one towards the hinder margin. Scarce. Devonshire, and Hampshire. The Welted Beauty {A. fimbriaria, Stephens). Wings one inch one-half, ash-grey, with a broad dusky border, in which is an indistinct streak of crescent-shaped white spots; first pair with a black dot in the centre. Rare. Suffolk. HEMEROPHILA (Stephens). The Waved Umbre (H. abruptaria, Stephens) appears in woody places, in May. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds, pale buff, slightly sprinkled, with a central black spot, and a common oblique dusky brown band towards the hinder margin, on which is an interrupted black line. Not scarce. Warwick¬ shire, Essex, and near London. BOARMIA (Stephens). The Four Angles {G. tetragonaria, Stephens) appears in the beginning of May. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds, whitish ash, clouded with dusky, with ve^ indistinct indented darker streaks, and adjoining the one behind the middle of the first pair, two somewhat square dusky clouds. Scarce. Kent. The Pine Gem (B. abietaria, Ochsenheimer) appears in March and April, in woods. Wings one inch one-half to two- thirds, grey, sprinkled with dusky dots, with the common in¬ dented darker streaks, and adjoining the one behind the middle, a somewhat square dusky patch and some clouds ; some black spots emitted by a fine black line on the hinder margin. Com¬ mon. Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Devonshire. The Small Ingrailep (B. crepuscularia, Ochsenheimer) appears in woods, in May and June. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths, whitish, slightly sprinkled with dusky, with the common indented dusky streaks which arise from equi-dis- tant black spots on the upper edge, on the hinder margin a row of triangular darker spots. Not rare. Dumfriesshire, Cumber¬ land, Warwickshire, and Essex. The Brindled Grey (B. consonaria, Ochsenheimer) appears in May and July, in woods. Wingsone inch one-third to seven- twelfths, ashy, sprinkled with dusky, with the common streaks dusky, very much interrupted, and very slightly waved, the one towards the hinder margin white, inwardly ash-colour. Bare. Kent. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 113 The Brivbled Streak {B. strigularia, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one inch, ashy white, clouded with grey, sprinkled with dusky, with very indistinct common, slightly indented, duskyish streaks, and black spots on the hinder margin. Very rare. Kent. The Brindled White Spot(B. ea-fersana, Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of June. Wings one inch one-third, ashy grey, dotted and spotted with dusky, with indistinct darker streaks, and towards the hinder margin a pale or whitish waved streak, near the middle of which, in the first pair, is a rounded white patch. Very rare. Middlesex, and Kent. The Grey Birch (B. punctularia, Stephens) appears the middle of May. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth, ashy wliite, sprinkled with dusky, with three or four nearly common waved, arched, somewhat interrupted, dusky streaks, which ai-e more evanescent in the second pair; fringes whitish with dusky spots. Caterpillar, dusky grey brown, with five stripes and a whitish streak on each segment; feeds on the birch. Common. Durham, Warwickshire, Essex, Kent, and Surrey, HALIA (Duponchel). The L. Moth (H. Vauaria, Stephens) appears in June and July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth, ash coloured; first pair with four black shortish unequal bands adjoining the second, and towards the upper edge a black V-like character; second pair with a small dusky spot in the middle. Caterpillar, greenish, with black spots and a yellow line on the back and sides; feeds on the currant and gooseberry. Too common. Durham, Yorkshire, Cambridgesliire, Essex, and near London. The Black Vau {Vau nigraria, Haworth) appears in July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth, ashy black, with a black V-like mark in the middle towards the upper edge; second pair paler, with a blackish margin. A variety of H, Vauaria. Very rare. NUMERIA (Duponchel). The Barred Umbre {N. pul-oeraria, Stephens) appears the end of April and beginning of June, in woods. Wings one inch one-sixth to seven-twelfths, red, thickly powdered with the same; first pair with a brownish red hatchet-shaped band in the middle; second pair -with an oblique indistinct line at the posterior angle. Caterpillar, reddish brown, with bright streaks on each segment; feeds on blackthorn and willow. Not common. Cumberland, Essex, and near London. CABERA (Ochsenheimer). The White Wave (C. pnsaria, Ochsenheimer) appears in May and August. WTngs one inch one-sixth to one-tliird, snow white, faintly speckled with pale dusky j first pair with three 114 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. equi-distant slightly waved lead-coloured streaks in the middle ; second pair with two, agreeing with the two hinder streaks of the first pair. Caterpillar, slender pale greenish, witli a series of red dots on the back; feeds on willow, alder, birch, &c. Com¬ mon. Cheshire, Essex, and near London. The Round Wing ( C. rotundaria, Stephens) appears in May and August. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth, snow- wliite, rounded, faintly sprinkled with pale dusky, with two common somewhat waved leaden-coloured streaks in the mid¬ dle, of which the first in the first pair is double. Rather scarce. Kent, and Surrey. The Twin Stripe Wave (C. exanthemata, Stephens) appears in woods, in May and August. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth, whitish, sprinkled with pale dusky; the first with three, and the second pair with two waved equi-distant dusky yellowish streaks about the middle ; a distinct central black dot in each. Caterpillar, reddish, with a pale streak on the sides ; each segment with a white line on the margin; feeds on the birch. Common. Cumberland, Durham, Essex, and Kent. EPHYRA (Duponchel). The Little Greek O (£. omioronaria, Stephens) appears the end of May and end of August, and beginning of September. Wingrs eleven-twelfths to one'inch one-twelfth, buff-white, hav¬ ing a black wavy streak before, and another strongly indented behind, the middle with an interjacent central black circle, and a row of minute black dots on the hinder margin. Caterpillar green; feeds on the maple. Common. Essex, Surrey, and Kent. The Birch Mocha (E.pendularia, Stephens) appears the end of May, and end of August. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one-twelfth, hoary white, with two common streaks of black dots, with a conspicuous interjacent purplish circle. Caterpillar, pale greenish, with the head and tail red ; feeds on oak, birch, &c. Pupa bright green. About London, in the woods. The Dingy Mocha {E. orbicularia, Stephens). Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, ash brown, with a purplish circle in the middle, having a common and slightly waved streak of black dots towards the hinder margin, and on the margin itself a row of minute black dots. Rare. Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Hampshire. The Mocha Stone {E.porata, Stephens) appears in woods, the end of May and the end of August. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch to one inch one-sixth, reddish, thickly powdered with black, with a common central band, in which is a snow-white eyelet, having a brown uis; two indistinct streaks of black dots, and a row of minute black dots on the margin. Caterpillar, brownish or pale yellowish, sometimes green; feeds on the oak, birch, &c. Pupa brown. Common. Fifeshire, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 115 The Eyed Mocha Stone (JB. ocellaria, Stephens). Doubtful as a native. The White Girdle {E. albiaincta, Stephens). Wings one inch one-twelfth, each with a central white spot, and a common white streak near the hinder margin. Very rare. Surrey. The Bi/fp Argus (E.punctaria, Stephens) appears in woody places, in May and in August. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, reddish, sprinkled with very minute black dots, with a common central red band, in which in the second pair is a very white spot, and a series of black dots towards the hinder margin. Caterpillar brownish or yellowish-green, with streaks of reddish and yellow on the sides. Pupa reddish, with the tip yellowish. Common. Essex, and near London. The Triple-line Mocha (E. irilinearia, Stephens). Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, red, with three common brown streaks, the first before the middle, curved, very .slender and slightly waved; the second band-like and longer; the third near the hinder margin, very slender, but much waved, and composed of very minute confluent dots. Rare. Essex, Kent, and Hampshire. BRADYEPETES (Stephens). The Blood Vein (JB. amataria, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third, pale ashy- yeUow, powdered with gi-ey, with the fringes and a common very oblique streak purplish-red, and a common wavy dusky streak towards the hinder margin. Caterpillar, reddish-brown, with dark shades and a pale line on the back; feeds on hazel, whitethorn, &c. Local. Warwicksliire, Essex, Herts, Kent, and Surrey. EPIONE (Duponchel). The Bordered Beauty {E. apieiaria, Stephens) app^rs the end of July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-third, bright yellow, with minute reddish lines; first pair with a right angled red brown streak before the middle, and a wavy dusky one rising at the tip, with an interjacent spot of the same tint; the second streak is common, and the space from it to the fringe is ashy red. Caterpillar, grey, with a white streak on the back, the sides with white spots and black dots; feeds on the willow. Not rare. Warwickshire, Cumberland, Cambridgeshire, Essex, and Surrey. The Vesper Beauty {E. vespertaria, Stephens) appears the middle of July, Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, pale yellow, with minute reddish lines; a dusky central spot; an arched dusky streak behind the middle, from which to the hin- dp margin is a.shy-red; the first pair also with an incurved red¬ dish streak above the base. Caterpillar, ashy-grey; feeds on the hazel. Very rare. Yorkshire. The Little Thorn {E. advenaria, Stephens) appears in 116 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. woods, the middle of Jane. Wings one inch to one inch one- sixth, pale ash, sprinkled with dusky, with a pale dusky line on the margin, and the fringe ashy interrupted with dusky; first pair with two dusky streaks; second pair with one, and a central blackish dot. Caterpillar, fore part grey-brown, with black dots, the fifth segment with two snow-white dots; feeds on the whor- tle-berry. Rare. Middlesex. The DEMonr delictaria, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. EURYMENE (Duponchel). The Chip Axe {E. doUibruria, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-sixth to five-twelfths, reddish or pale yellowish, with very slender irregular ustulated lines; the base and a blotch at the posterior angle reddish purple. Caterpillar, greenish-brown, with a yellow and brown line on the sides; feeds on the oak, lime, &c. Pupa brown. Scarce. Essex, Kent, Surrey, Warwickshire, Cambridgeshire, and Devonshire. ASPJLATES (Treitschke). The Yellow Purple Bar (A. purpuraria, Ochsenheimer) appears in August. Wings one inch one-sixteenth, yellowish, with the margin and two bands on the first pair, purple. Cater¬ pillar, green, with the back brown, with a pale line; feeds on the oak and black thorn. Very rare. The Yellow Belle (A. citraria, Ochsenheimer) appears in clover fields, in June and August. Wings one inch oue-twehth to one-half, yellow, sprinkled with dusky; first pair with two dusky streaks, with an interjacent spot towards the upper edge; second pair whitish, with a central spot and a waved streak behind the middle, dusky. Common. Kent, Herts, and Hants. The Straw Belle (A. gihmria, Ochsenheimer) appears in grassy fields, in August. Wings one inch one-fourth to five- twelfths, primrose yellow, freckled with dusky; first pair with a very oblique streak, and central spot dusky; second pair with a central spot towards the upper edge, and a cross streak towards the hinder margin du-sky. Caterpillar, greenish-ash, writh red stripes, and a line on the back and sides; feeds on yarrow. Com¬ mon. Kent. The Grass Wave {A. respersaria, Stephens) appears the middle of June, on heaths. Wings one inch one-fomth to one- half, ash-coloured, sprinkled with dusky; first pair with three or four oblique equi-distant dusky streaks, and the second pair with three cross ones. Caterpillar, yellowish, with a brown stiipe on the sides, with two ashy-grey dots on the back; feeds on the broom. Common. Near London, Surrey, and Hampshire. PHASIANE (Duponchel). The Lead Belle (fih. plumbaria, Stephens) appears the end CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 117 of June. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, pale lead colour, thickly sprinkled with dusky dots; first pair with three straight slanting equi-distant streaks, and a line at the tip dusky, edged with tawny; second pair whitish, with a cross central dusky streak. Common. Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. LARENTIA (Trbitschke). The MALtow (L. cervinaria, Ochsenuieimbr) appears in woods, the middle of October. Wings one inch two-thirds to eleven-twelfths; first pair rusty brown, with an obscure central band, greyish at the margins, and a strongly waved white streak near the hinder margin; second pair pale reddish, with a darker streak behind the middle. Caterpillar, dull green, with the sides yellowish, and the segments margined with yellowish; feeds on the mallow. Rather scarce. Durham, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Goose-foot (L. chenopodiata, Stephens) appears in June and August. Wings one inch one-sixteenth to one-third; first pair pale dusky red or tawny, with various indistinct waved streaks before the middle, a broad band in the centre, composed of several dusky streaks, behind this several indistinct darker streaks, with an oblique dusky line at the tip; second pair with two or three dusky cross streaks. Caterpillar, yellowish-green, wth dark spots; feeds on grapes. Common. Durham, York- shu-e, Cheshire, Cambridgesliire, Herts, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Ch.alk C.arpet {L. bipunctaria, Ochsenhei.mer) appears m July. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths; first pair whitish-ash, waved with dusky, with an oblique dusky band in the middle, in which there is a black twin spot; second pair dusky-ash, with the streaks very indistinct. Caterpillar, ashy- grey, with hairy lines on the back and sides; feeds on the trefoil, red-darnel grass, &c. Common. Durham, Derbyshire, Herts, and Kent. The Mottled Grey {L. multistrigaria, Stephens) appears in March. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-third, pale ashy, haying on the hinder margins a row of black twin dots; first pair with numerous streaks and bandlets of a deeper hue, com¬ posed, as it were, of dusky spots and clouds; second pair whitish, with two darker evanescent streaks on the middle. Rare. Essex. and MiriHlpspv CIDARIA (Trbitschke). The Twin-spot Carpet (C. didymata, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one twelfth to one-sixth, ash- coloured, clouded; first pair with interrupted brown and white streaks and bands, and towards the hinder margin a brown twin spot. Common. Durham, Kent, Surrey, and Devonshire. The Rufous Carpet {C. munitafa, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth, pale dusky, or whitish; first pair with a reddish tawny band at the base, and another in the middle j second pair with a tinge of yel- il8 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. low and pale streaks. Caterpillar feeds on wormwood. Not scarce. Fifeshire, North of England, Essex, and Kent. The Pour-band Carpet (<7. unidentaria, Stephens) appears in June and August. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one- twelfth, buff-red; first pair with a small black band at the base, and another in the middle, towards the tip of the hinder margin an axe-shaped double black spot. Caterpillar, dull green, with a line on the segments; feeds on the bedstraw. Common. Cum¬ berland, Herts, Kent, and Surrey. The Privet Twin Spot (C. guadrifasciaria, Ochsenheimer) appears in July. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third, pale dusky, with a tinge of tawny ; first pair with a small band at the base, and a black one in the middle, having a black dot towards the upper edge; towards the hinder margin a faint whitish waved streak, in which is a double dusky spot, and on the margin itself is a somewhat square darker spot. Caterpillar, pale dusky, with dull grey streaks, and a few black spots; feeds on the plaintain, &c. Rare. Norfolk, Suffolk, Herts, Kent, and Surrey. The Red Twin Spot {C.ferrugaria, Ochsenheimer) appears in May and August. Wings one inch to one inch one-tw'elfth, ash-coloured; first pair with a reddish band at the base, and a broad waved one in the middle; towards the hinder margin a double black spot. Common. Durham, Essex, Devonshire, and Hants. The Lurker(C. latenaria, Stephens). Wings one inch one- twelfth to one-fourth, ash-coloured, powdered with black, with waved streaks, and a row of twin black spots on the hinder mar¬ gins ; a black dot towai'ds the upper edge on the first pair, and near the middle on the second pair. Common. Westmoreland. The Striped Twin Spot (C. salicaria, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-twelfth, dusky-ash; first pair with various waved darker and paler streaks; a faint double dusky spot towards the hinder margin, and at the upper edge, near the tip, two somewhat square contiguous dull red spots; second pair pale-ash, with paler cross waved streaks. Caterpillar, feeds on the willow. Scarce. North of England. The Green Carpet (C. miaria, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth; first pair of a bright green, with two darker green bands and five black marginal spots; second dusky, with pale cross streaks. Common. Durham, Yorkshire, Essex, and near London. The Olive Carpet (C. olivaria, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of Augpist. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth; first pair varied with olive green and white, with a darker band at the base, and one in the middle, both margined with white; second pair dusky, with very indistinct streaks. Common. North of England, Essex, Kent, near London, and Hants. The Silver Ground (C. implicaria, Stephens) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 119 whitish; first pair with two blackish intricate bands, and a some¬ what eyelike spot towards the upper edge; second pair with dusky streaks. Caterpillar, dusky, with white lines on the sides; feeds on the primrose. Common. Essex, and near London. The Garden Carpet (C. fluctuata, Stephens) appears in gardens the end of April until October. Wings one inch to one inch one-fourth, whitish ash; first pair with the base and two '' shortish somewhat square bands on the upper edge dusky ; second pair darker, with pale cross streaks. Caterpillar, green, with black dots above; feeds on the horse-radish, cabbage, &c. Common. Durham, and near London. The Ribbed Carpet (C. costovata, Stephens) appears in May and June, on hedges. Wings one inch one-twelfth, ash-colomred; first pair with the base, and two shortish somewhat oval bands on the upper edge dusky. A mere variety of C. fluctuata. Scarce. The Flame Carpet {C. propugnata, Stephens) appears in y July, in woods. Wings five-sixths to one inch one-sixth, ash ' colour; first pair with a red patch at the base, and a band in the middle, bordered on each side with a double dusky streak. Common. Durham, Essex, Kent, Hants, and Devonshire. HARPALYCE (Stephens). The Barred Yellow (H.fulvata, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one-twelfth; first y pair tawny-yellow with a tawny-brown narrow band at the base, and a broad one in the middle, with a conical yeUow spot at the tip; second pair whitish, with a tinge of yellow. Caterpillar, greenish, with a broad whitish line on the back; feeds on the rose. Common. Durham, Essex, and near London, The Purple Bar (H. ocellata, Stephens) appears the begin¬ ning of June, and end of August, Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, whitish ; first pair with a dusky three-angled band at the base, and another in the middle, broader, axe-shaped, and ^ purplish black, having the ordinary black spot towards the upper edge; between the bands some ashy clouds, and towards the hinder margin a black twin spot; second pair with a black dot smd the hinder margin darker. Caterpillar, brown, with a white line on the sides; feeds on the Galium sylvaticum. Common. Durham, Essex, Herts, Kent, Surrey, Hants, and Devonshire. The Bedstraw Carpet (H. Galiata, Stephens) appears on the sea-coast the beginning of June, and middle of August. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth, whitish; first pair with a ^ dusky streak at the base, an axe-shaped or irregularly indented dusky-brown band in the middle, the hinder margin with dusky clouds. Caterpillar feeds on the Galium moUugo. Common. Dublin, Kent, and Devonshire. The Angled Carpet (H. unilohata, Stephens). Wings one inch one-sixth, ash coloured, slightly clouded; first pair with a small band at the base, and a broad, dusky, one lobed; streaked 120 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. one in the middle; the hinder margin darker, with a white evan¬ escent streak of united white arches, in which is a double black spot; second pair pale dusky, with tlie ordinary streaks paler and evanescent. Rare. Yorkshire. The Necklace Carpet {H. quadriannulata, Stephens). Wings one inch one-twelfth j first pair ashy-brown, with three double waved dusky streaks, and between these a narrow band of four round united white spots, bordered with black ; the space in the middle ashy-brown, terminated by abrown wavy double streak, having the ordinary black spot towards the upper edge; behind these the wings whitish, but more or less ashy, with darker waves and clouds, and a small black spot on the upper edge near the tip. Scarce. Cambridgeshire, and Devonshire. The Mourning Carpet (H. tristata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one-twelfth, white, with the common waved bands, streaks of dots, and border black. Caterpillar, yellow, with red-brown stripes; feeds on the Galium verum. Common. Yorkshire, and Devonshire. The Sable Carpet {H. siibtristata, Stephens) appears in June, andinAugust. Wingsone inch to one inch one-sixth, with bands and streaks dusky, ash-coloured, and white j the outer mar¬ gin of aU with an indistinct ashy-brown streak of united white arches. Caterpillar said to feed on Alchemilla vulgaris. Com¬ mon. Durham, and Yorkshire. The Wood Carpet (H. sylvaticata, Stephens) aiipears the beginning of July. Wings one inch one-fourth, with bands and streaks ashy, white, and dusky; the outer margin of aU dusky, interrupted with a white spot. Rather local. Kent. The White Striped Carpet (JT. unangulata, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-sixth to one- fourth, ashy brown, with an obtuse angled band in the middle, and the ordinary black spot towards the upper edge ; the outer margin of all ashy-brown, with a streak of united white arches. Scarce. Kent, and Surrey. The Cloaked Carpet [11. bianyulata, Stephens) appears in woody places, in June. Wings one inch one-fourth to onc-third; first pair greenish, with a broad darker band in the centre, hav¬ ing two angles followed by a white bandlet, fringes green, with a row of dusky spots; second pair ash-coloured, with various streaks. Rather scarce. Essex, Kent, and near London. The Phcenix Carpet {H. silaeeata, Stephens) appears the end of June, and beginning of August. Wings one inch one- sixth to one-third; first pair glossy ash-coloured, with a dusky- brown band at the base, and another in the middle three-lobed, and margined on both sides witli white. Caterpillar, bright green, with a dull line on the sides and a black one on the back, with some yellowish green spots underneath; feeds on the aspen. Not scarce. North of England, Essex, Middlesex, and Kent. The Broken-barred Carpet {H. Corylata, Stephens) CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 121 j^jpears the middle of June. WingTS one inch one-sixth to one- fourth, sprinkled with dusky ; first pair with a broad indented dusky band at the base, and another in the middle, greatly inter¬ rupted, and irregularly indented. Caterpillar , yellowish green, with brownish-red spots on the back, and a whitish line on the sides; feeds on blackthorn, lime, hazel, &c. Common. Fifeshire, North of England, Essex, Kent, and SuiTey. POLYPHASIA (Stephens). The Wild Cakpet (P. immanata , Stephens) appears the beginning of July, in woody places. Wings one inch one-sixth to one.fourth; first pair ash-colour, varied with grey, with a band at the bsise, and a second in the middle, outwardly strongly indented. Common. North of England, and Essex. The Pleasant (P. ammnata , Stephens). Wings one inch one-sixth; first pair rather narrow, ashy-white, with the base black, and a very broad black band in the middle, inwardly indented, with the outer margin extending; second pair whitish. Rare. Devonshire. The Marbled Carpet (P. marmorata , Stephens) appears in July and August. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth; first pair rusty-ash, slightly clouded with a white band in the mid¬ dle, waved with black, with the outer margin extended, and strongly indented. Scarce. Norfolk, Essex, and Kent. The Junction Carpet (P. concinnata , Stephens). Wings one inch one-fourth; first pair ash- grey, clouded with black, with a whitish band in the middle, strongly indented on its outer mar¬ gin ; second pair dusky, with a dark spot towards the base, and a pale streak behind tlie middle, and a row of whitish spots towards the hinder margin. Rare. Isle of Arran. The Com.iia Carpet (P. comma - notata , Stephens) appears in May, July, and autumn, in woody places. Wings one inch one- twelfth to one-fourth, ashy brown; first pair with a very broad tawny band in the middle, waved on its outer margin, with a black dot towards the upper edge; second pair dusky, with an indistinctjdark spot, a streak behind the middle, and a row of pale spots behind the hinder margin. Rather scarce. Durham, Nor¬ folk, Essex, and near London. The Hornsev Beauty (P. centum - notata , Stephens) appears the end of May, the end of July, and in autumn. Wings one inch to one inch one-fourth, pale ash; first pair with an ash-coloured band in the middle, strongly indented on the outer margin; second pair as in the preceding. Common. Durham, Essex, and near London. The Lush Carpet (P. saturata , Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-fourth; first pair somewhat ash coloured, with a paler band in the middle, strongly indented on its outer margin. Not scarce. Durham, and near London. The Deep Carpet { P . perfitscata , Stephens) appears in July, 122 CONSPECTCS OF MOTHS. in woody places. Wings one inch to one inch one-fourth; first pair somewhat ash coloured, with a slightly indented black band at the base, and another in the middle, strongly indented; second pair dusky. Scarce. Durham, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. STEGANOLOPHIA (Stkphkjis). The Phcenix (S. Prunata, Stephens) appears in gardens the end of July. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair ashy-grey, with a brownish-purple band at the base, having a white margin, another in the middle broad and somewhat curved; second pair dusky, the fringes with dusky spots. Caterpillar^, greyish or greenish, with spots on the back, the legs red; feeds on currant, elm, poplar, blackthorn, &c. Not scarce. Cam¬ bridgeshire, Essex, Herts, and Surrey. LAMPROPTERYX (Stephens). The Water Carpet {L. mffumata, Stbphbn.s) appears in woody places, in April and July. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-fourth; first pair ash-coloured, very glossy, slightly clouded, with the base pitchy brown, and a central band of the same tint, with the outer margin extended, lobed, and strongly and irregu¬ larly indented within. Scarce. Essex and Herts. The Pitch Brown (L.piceata, Stephens). Wings one inch one-third; first pair glossy, pitch brown, having a darker band in the centre, -with a black spot in it, a white streak at the tip; second pair dusky. Rare. Durham. The Rust Brown (D. badiata, Stephens) appears in copses, in February and July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth; first pair somewhat shining, rust-brown, with chocolate-brown at the base, and a white crescent in the middle; second pair pale, with dusky fringes. Caterpillar, dull green on the fore part, and reddish grey behind, with spots on the sides, feeds on the ndld rose. Not scEirce. Durham, Essex, and near London. ANTICLEA (Stephens). The Barberry Carpet (.4. Berberata, Stephens) appears the middle of Jime. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth; first pair reddish-ash, with three brown bands and a line at the tip. Caterpillar, varied with dusky, white, and red; feeds on the barberry. Rare. Berkshire and near London. The Flame {A. rubidata, Stephens) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch to one inch one-sixth; first pair flame red, with a dusky band at the base, and another on the outer margin; second pair ashy-brovrn, with obscure darker waves. Caterpillar, grass green, with a dark line on the first and hinder segments; feeds on the Galium montanum and G. sylvaticum. Scarce. Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Royal Mantle (A. sinuata, Stephens) appears in July. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 123 Wing;s one inch one-twelfth; first pair pure white, with two nar¬ row slightly curved black bands at the base ; behind the middle a shortish black band on the upper edge, and a second near it of a reddish hue, and bordered on both sides with white; the hinder margin and fringes pale dusky j second pair white, with pale dusky margin and streaks. Scarce, Berks, Kent, and Devon¬ shire. The Streamer (J. derimta, Stephens) appears the begin¬ ning of June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, pale red; first pair with three narrow deeply brown bandlets. Cater¬ pillar, green, with triangular spots, legs and tail bright red; feeds on the wild rose. Rather scarce. Cheshire, Warwickshire, JEssex, Kent, and Surrey. ELECTRA (Stephens). The Ji7LT Spinach {E. comitata, Stephens) appears the beginning of July. Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths; first pair yellowish, clouded with tawny, with a double greyish •J waved streak at the base, a broad double grey band in the mid- ' die, having the ordinary black spots towards the upper edge, and a dusky line at the tip; second pair pale straw white; all the fringes white, spotted with browm. Caterpillar, varied with green and dusky, with a yeUowish line on the sides, with two dusky streaks on the head; feeds on the wild orach. Local. Yorkshire, Durham, and Middlesex. The Spear {E. Populata, Stephens) appears in July. Wings ■ one inch one-sixth to one-fourth, pale yellow; first pair with two bamds, and hinder margin dusky. Caterpillar, green, varied with yellow, with a red-brown spot on each segment; feeds on the poplar. Common. Scotland, Isle of Arran, north of England, and Cheshire. The Spinach {E. Spinachiata, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair varied with yel¬ low and tawny, with three angular streaks and an oblique line at the tip tawny-brown; all the fringes pale, spotted with brown. Caterpillar, green, with a pale line on the sides; feeds on the gooseberry and currant. Pupa pale green. Common. Essex, Herts, and Surrey. The Chevron (E. testata, Stephens) appears in May and September. Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths; first pair yellowish grey, with a broad band in the middle, and a white streak at the tip, the fringes dusky; second pair whitish, with dusky fringes. Rather uncommon. Edinburgh, Durham, Che¬ shire, Essex, Middlesex, and Devonshire. The Agate {E. Achatinata, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-sixth; first pair yellow, with a red band in the middle, and a red spot at the tip, edged with white; second pair whitish. Caterpillar feeds on the poplar. Rare. Hampshire. The Barred Straw {E. Pyraliata, Stephens) appears the 124 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. end of July. Win^ one inch one-sixth to five-twelfths, yellow; first pair with three angular tawny-brown streaks, a series of indistinct spots towards the hinder margin, and an oblique line at the tip. Caterpillar, yeUowish-green, the segments edged with yellow’; feeds on the whitethorn and bedstraw. Common. Dur¬ ham, Essex, and near London. CELMA CStephens). The Stained Agate (.E. mdiifafa, Stephens). Wing^sfive- sixths of an inch to one inch one-twelfth, ashy-white ; first pair with a brown streak at the base, and tw’o somewhat confluent brown bands in the middle, the outer one edged with rose red. Not scarce. North of England. ANAITIS (Doponchei,). The Slender Trebee Bar (A. plagidfa, Stephens). Wings one inch five-twelfths to three-fourths, greyish white; first pair ■with two bands, each formed by three streaks in the middle; second pair paler,-with an indistinct streak. Common. Oxford¬ shire, Norfolk, Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Devonshke. A. prte- formata is doubtful as British. SCORIA (Duponchel). The Black Veined (S. dealhata, Ochsenheimbr). Wings one inch two-thirds to three-fourths, above white, wdthout spots, underneath with the nervures black; first pair with a black spot in the middle, and a brown bandlet towards the hinder margin. Rare. Kent. ABRAXAS (Leach). The Panther (A. pantarm, Stephens). Wings one inch two-thirds to three-fourths, all whitish, with an oblique spot-like streak, a row of large spots at the inner edge, and the base of the first pair yellowish. Very rare. Somersetshire, and Devon¬ shire. The Clouded Magpie (A. Ulmatn, Leach) appears the mid¬ dle of June. Wflngs one inch one-half to five-sixths, white; first pair dusky brown at the base, with a band, common to all the wings, behind the middle, composed of confluent spots, dusky, yellow, and lead- coloured, slightly sprinkled with silver; vari¬ ous rows of black dots on the body. Caterpillar, greenish blue, with numerous slender lines; head and tail black ; feeds on the elm. Not scarce. Cumberland, and the North of England. Rare in Kent and Middlesex. The Magpie (A. Grossulnriafa, Leach) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-third to two inches, white; first pair ■with the base and streak towards the hinder margin yellow, and six rows of round black spots, more or less confluent -. second pair ■with a few scattered spots on the disc, a streak of the same beliind the middle, and a row on the hinder margin; body yel- CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 125 low, ■with rows of black spots. Caterpillar, white, with a yellow line on the sides, and various rows of black irregular dots and spots; feeds on the currant, blackthorn, &c., being hatched in the autiunn, and living through the winter -without feeding. Very common every where in the three kingdoms, MELANIPPE (Duponchei.). The Spear Beauty (M. hastata, Stephens) appears the be¬ ginning of June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half, white, all the margins black; first pair with two black spotted bands. ('alerpillar, dusky brown, ■with wavy yellow lines on the sides; feeds on the birch. Scarce. Warwickshire, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. XERENE (Treitschke). The Clipdbn Beauty {X.albicillata, Ochsbnhei.mer) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half, nulk- white, in the centre a black dot; first pair with a broad waved somewhat pitchy band at the base, streaked with lead colour, a large black three-cornered spot on the upper edge near the tip; the marginal border varied with whitish lead colour and dusky; second pair with a dusky border, internipted vrith whitish; be¬ hind a waved black double streak. Caterpillar, green, with the first and last segments with a brown line on the sides, the inter¬ mediate ones with a brown crescent on the back; feeds on the raspbeiTy. Rare. Near I,ondon, Kent, and Norfolk. The Chalk Carpet (X. procellata, Ochsenheimer). Wings one inch one-third to one-half, snow white; first pair, "with the base, an abbreviated band on the upper edge, and the border dusky ; the latter with a square white spot in the middle; second pair -with faint waved streaks, and a white one sometimes within a dark marginal border. Common. Essex, Herts, and Kent. The Clipden Carpet, (X. adustata, Ochsenheimer) appears the end of July, and middle or end of August. Wings one inch to one one-twelfth, cream-coloured or whitish; first pair with the base tawny black, and a waved band of the same tint, towards the hinder margin; a row of double black spots on the margin ; second pair clouded or sprinkled with black, with streaks, and a band behind the middle, pale dusky, fringes white. Caterpillar, green, with a white spot on the margin, -with red dots; feeds on the spindle -tree in chalky districts. Local. Essex, Herts, and Kent. TheBlueBorder {X.rubiginnta, Ochsbnhei.mer) appears the end of June, and end of August. Wings three-fourths to one inch one-twelfth, snow-white; first pair with the base and an interrupted band in the middle, varied with tawny and brown ; the hinder margin of all wings lead-colomed, with a faint white streak. Caterpillar, green, 'with a pale line on the back, and a yellowish green one on the sides; feeds on the alder. Local. Durham, and Surrey. The Plu.mber (X. plumbata, Stephens). Wings one inch to 126 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. one one-sixth, lead-coloured or ashy white, the border lead-bla ck, with a pale waved streak; first pair with the base and central band darker. Scarce. Forfershire. EUTHALIA (Stephens). The Autumn Carpet (E. miata, Stephens) appears in the autumn. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one fourth; first pair whitish-green,with a darker band at the base, and another in the middle; second pair whitish, with a dusky spot before the mid¬ dle, and a common darker streak towards the hinder margin, and on the margin itself a row of double black dots. Caterpillar, pale green, with red dots; feeds on the bramble. Common. Durham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, and near London. The Parrot Carpet (E. Psittaeata, Stephens), appears the middle of October. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth; first pair reddish-green, with black waves, a darker band at the 'ilK-' base, and another in the middle; second pair dusky, with a cen¬ tral dot. Caterpillar dull green. Not scaixe. Durham, Cam¬ bridgeshire, and near London. The May Highflyer [E. impluviata, Stephens) appears the end of May. Wingrs one inch one-sixth to one-fourth, dusky y, grey; first pair with the base and a broad waved band in the A middle, whitish; at the tip towards the upper edge two oblique deep black lines; second pair with obscure waved streaks to¬ wards the hinder margin. Caterpillar, reddish-brown, with a pale line on the sides, and two on the back; feeds on the birch and hazel. Not scarce. Kent and Surrey. PHIBALAPTERYX (Stephens). The Fern (P. iersata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one one-inch one-twelfth to one-third, grey-brown, slightly clouded; first pair with a very indistinct common broad band composed of . ^ evanescent blackish streaks, in which is a conspicuous black dot towards the upper edge; towards the hindermargin is an indented whitish line. Caterpillar, brown, with a grey line on the sides, and a pale one on the back, varied with white; feeds on the Traveller’s joy. Local. Herts, Kent, and Surrey. The Small Waved Umbre (P. vitalbata, Stephens) appears . in May. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-third -. first pair red- grey, with a very dusky broad oblique fillet-like band from the middle of the inner edge to the tip; second pair black at the base, but grey towards the margin, with numerous dusky streaks. Local. Herts, Kent, and Surrey. The July High Flyer (P. elutata, Stephens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth; first pair green, or reddish, sprinkled, waved and clouded with black, with a whitish band behind the middle; second pair ashy-brown. Common. North and South of England. The Many Marked (P. polygrammata, Stephens). Wings CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 127 one incli one-twelfth, of a yellowish white; first pair with mune- rous bands and two transverse streaks, dusky, with a black dot towards the upper edges second pair with dusky lines. Very rare. Norfolk. The Oblique Carpet (P, lignata, Stephens) apiiears the end of August, Wings one inch to one-twelfth, pale grey, with darker stteaks, hinder margin with a row of double black spots ■, first pair with two oblique dusky bands, the first towards the upper edge, ash colour, with a deep black spot. Scarce. Cam¬ bridgeshire, Surrey, and Hants. TheObuque Stripe fP-fmeolaffl, STEPHENs)appearsthe end of June, or beginning of July. Wings three-fourths to eleven- twelfths of an inch, ashy lead-coloured 5 first pair with various darker streaks and two oblique bandlets in the middle, grey and margined with white. Caterpillar, with a broad yeUow stripe on the sides, and back reddish brown ; feeds on the Galium verum. Common. Sussex, and Devonshire. The Narrow-barreb Carpet (P. angustata, Stephens) ap¬ pears the end of September. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch, dusky grey, slightlyclouded.withan indistinct band in the middle, gradually enlarged towards the upper edge, near which is an eye- like spot; the hinder margin of all with indistinct dusky spots. Rare. Middlesex. LOZOGRAMMA (Stephens). The Brown Silver Lines {L. peiraria, Stephens) appears the end of May, where fern abounds. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third, acute, reddish, glossy} first pair with three oblique equi-distant whitish streaks, inwardly bordered with dusky; second pair whitish; all the fringes spotless. Common. Essex, Herts, and Surrey. SCOTOSIA, (Stephens). The Dark Umber (S. rhamnata, Stephens) appears the end of May, or beginning of June. Wings one inch one-half to two- thirds, chestnut-brown, with obscure waved lines ; first pair with an oblique deep brown band in the middle, in which is a black angular spot towards the upper edge. Caterpillar, green, with a brown line on the back, and the segments with yellow margins; feeds on the buckthorn. Common. Essex, Herts, and Kent. The Brown Scollop (S. vetulata, Stephens) appears in woods, the end of June. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-fourth; brown, indented with numerous very obscure waved streaks, alternating with whitish ones, forming a band in the middle of the first pair, in which is a dusky spot towards the upper edge. Caterpillar, grey brown, with a white line on the back, and a yellow one on tne sides; feeds on the buckthorn. Rather scarce. Essex, Mid¬ dlesex, Kent, and Surrey. The Dark Forest (S. Sparsaria, Stephens) apiiears the end of June. Wings one inch, pale dusky, with alternate dark and 128 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. whitish indistinct waved streaks, and black dots on the ner- vures; first pair also with a black central spot and blackish clouds on the upper edge. Rare. New Forest, Hants, TRIPHOSA (Stephens). The TtssuE (T. dubitata, Stephens) appears in woody places the middle of May, the middle of July, and middle of August. Wings one inch two-tliirds to five-sixths, brown, shining; first pair having a tinge of purple, with a darker band in the middle, generally divided into two; second pair with obscure waved lines. Caterpillar, green, with dusky lines, and pale streaks, the sides with a yeUow stripefeeds on the buckthorn. Common. Edinburghshire, Durham, Warwickshire, Essex, Herts, Kent, and Surrey. The Cinderella (T. cinereata, Stephens) appears in July, Wings one inch one-third to one half, pale ash-colour, shining; first pair with a dusky band at the base, and one in the middle, composed of two slender bandlets; towards the hinder margin is an interrupted white streak; second pale, without spots. Rare. Surrey. The Scarce Tissue (T. nervinnta, Stephens) appears in April. Wings one inch two-thirds to five-tenths, shining, grey; first pair with indistinct streaks or bandlets before the middle; then two narrow thicker bands, the outer one somewhat triangular, with an inteijacent spot tow'ards the upper edge; second pair with paler and darker streaks, and a spot in the centre. Cater¬ pillar, with pale stripes on the sides, with green spots beneath; feeds on the barberry. Rare, Near London. CAMPTOGRAMMA (Stephens). The Yellow Shell (C. bilineata, Stephens) appears the end of June, and beginning of July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth; yellow', with numerous waved indistinct darker streaks ; the first pair with a dusky double band in the middle, waved on its outer edge, and margined with white. Caterpillar, greenish, sometimes with faint white streaks; feeds on the Lychnis dioica. Common. Scotland, Northumberland, Yorkshire, Cam¬ bridgeshire, Essex, and near London. EUCOSMIA (Stephens). The Scollop Shell [E. undulata, Stephens) appears the end of June, about woods. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, greyish, with numerous strongly waved dusky streaks edged with white. Caterpillar, feeds on the sallow. Scarce. York¬ shire, Warwickshire, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. CHARISSA (Curtis). The Dark Amulet {Ch. obscuraria, Stephens) appears in July, tVings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfthsj powdered CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 129 f /' -with black, with an eyelike spot in the middle, and an interrupted black line on the hinder marfrins; first pair with two central streaks, and the second pair with one, of a very deep black. , Caterpillar, violet brown, each segment with two white dots, the '> hinder ones with yellow stripes; feeds on the dewberry and southern-wood. Common. Devonshire and Hampshire. The Bright A.mulbt {Ch. dilucidaria, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths ■, ash-coloured, sprinkled with blackish-brown, with an eyelike spot in the mid¬ dle, behind which is a streak of blackish dots; the first pair, also, with a similar streak before the middle. Rare. Devonshire. The Brown Amulet {Ch. pullata, Curtis) appears in Au¬ gust. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; ash-coloured, .. sprinkled with black dots; first pair with a darker waved streak before the middle, and a second behind with an inteijacent black ring with a pale centre towards the upper edge, the eyelike spot and streak beyond the middle common to all the wings. Com¬ mon. Durham, Kent, and Devonshire. The Black Amulet {Ch. serotinaria, Curtis). Wings one inch one-third; whitish, with numerous dusky dots, with a com¬ mon indented black streak behind the middle, and a central black ring, the hinder margin with a row of minute black dots ; first pair have also a dusky waved streak towards the base. Rare. Sussex. The Obscure Amulet {Ch. operaria, Curtis) appears the end of July. Wings one inch two-thirds (?), ash coloured, varie¬ gated with buff; first pair -with two dusky streaks and an inter, jacent spot towards the upper edge; and near the hinder mar- gin a pale indented streak; second pair has two pale streaks beyond the middle, the inner one edged -with black. Rare. Scotland, Fifeshu'e. PACHYCNEMIA (Stephens). The Horse Chestnut (P. Bippocastanaria, Stephens) ap¬ pears in April and July. Wings one inch one-fourth to one- third ; first pair dark ash-coloured, with a silvery hue, with an y indistinct dusky curved streak towards the base, and a waved one behind the middle; a central dusky spot, and a row of black dots on the hinder margin-, second pair whitish,-with a reddish tinge, an indistinct streak towards the hinder margin, and on the margin a row of faint dots. Local. Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Hampshire. CHESIAS (Treitschke). The Streak (C. Spartiata, Ochsenheimeb) appears the end of September or beginning of October. Wings one inch one- fourth to one-half; first pair grey, variously clouded with three dusky transverse patches of the same colour, placed at the upper edge in the middle, and at the base of the inner margin ; to¬ wards the upper edge a pale streak reaching from the base to 130 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. an indistinct darker CferjnUrir, green or yellow, with a light stnpe on the sides; feeds on the broom. Local. War¬ wickshire, and Surrey. The Broom Tip {Ch. obliq^mria, Ochsenheimer) appears in May. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-fourth ; first pair red- pinf'S ®°«ie'^hat clouded, at the base a right angled evanes- sfrplt ®J^®ak; and a second wavy band-Uke white hinder margin, which terminates in an oblique pitch-black line at the tip; on the hinder margin is a slender black interrupted streak, inwardly bordered with whitish; second pair pale dusky, spotless. Scarce. Durham, Essex, and Surrey. THERA (Stephens). The Island Carpet (T. simulaia, Stephens) appears the one-sixth; first pair ashy red, with the base reddish, and an angular central band of the same colour, with a dusky border, and having a dusky dot towards ^ the upper edge; second pair reddish-white. Scarce. Fifeshire, and Kent. * The Grey Carpet (T. variata, Stephens) appears in June, and in September. Wings five-sixths to one inch one-sixth; first! pair ashy-brown, with a dusky band at the base, and a second in the miame, angular and wavy near the upper edge, but thin and Mmost broken towards the inner edge; between this and the hinder margin is a broad indistinct somewhat dusky streak, out- wardly pale; fringe spotted with dusky; second pair pale dusky. Caterpillar, green, with a whitish line on the back and sides; feeds on various kinds of fir. Common. Cheshire, Herts Essex, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey. f Stephens). Wings one inch and a ^ the base, and asecond - in the middle reddish. Scarce. North and middle of England. Stephens) appears in Septem- grey tendl* and ^a ® ^^nt^ ^tiitish and reddish hne; feeds on the juniper. Rare. OPORABIA (Stephens). Border (0, dilutataj Stephens) appears in ®J^°ber. Wings one inch one-sixth to eleven-twelfthsfwhitish streaks placed in bands ^ equi-distantfrom each other; second ’ 7!* u '^aved lines towards the hinder margin, r ®P°ts and a yellowishline CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 131 CHEIMATOBIA (Stephens). The Winter {C. xmlgaris, Stephens) appears the end of November, and beginning of December. Wings of the male one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, ashy brown ; first pair with vari¬ ous indistinct darker waved streaks, forming in the middle an indistinct transverse band; the hinder margin with some dusky spots at the base of the fringe. Caterpillar, pale green, with feint lines on the sides; polyphagous. Common. Durham, Essex, and Kent. The EATLhY (C. rupicaprarica, Stephens) appears the middle or end of January. Wings of the male one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth, greyish brown; first pair with a central band, termi¬ nated on each side with a deep colour, thinner towards the inner margin, and the disc with a large black spot; the hinder margin of all with a row of dusky spots; second pair whitish, with a dusky spot in the middle, and an evanescent streak to¬ wards the hinder margin. Female whitish a-sh, with a central band, reddish margined with brown. Caterpillar, dull green, with white lines on the sides, the segments with white edges ; feeds on the wild plum. Rather scarce. North of England, and Essex. LOBOPHORA (Stephens). Thr Honevsuckle Lobe (i. polycommata, Curtis) appears in April. Wings pale grey brown; first pair wfith a central darker band, and an indented white line. Caterpillar, green, with dusky spots and a yellowish line on the sides; feeds on the honeysuckle. Scarce. Kent. The Tooth Stripeo {L. dentistrigata, Stephens) appears the middle of April, and in June. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third; first pair whitish or ash-coloured, with about five very indistinct dusky waved streaks, the outer one inwardly indented. Caterpillar, brown, with the back dull green, and a yellowish line on the sides; feeds on the honeysuckle. Scarce. Kent. Thr Striped Rib (E. eostcestrigata, Curtis) appears in July. Wings one inch one-third, ashy; first pair with about five dusky double equi-distant streaks on the upper edge; second pair with an obscure streak on the margin. Rare. Near Lon¬ don. The Devon Lobe (L. rupestrata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third; the first pair with five waved dusky streaks; the second pair with two dark dusky waved lines near themargin, fringes white. Rare. Devonshire. The Yellow Brindled Bar (L. viretata, Curtis) appears in June. Wings one inch one-twelfth; first pair greenish, with bandlets and equi-distant streaks, varied with black and greenish, and, as it were, composed of black clouds and dots ; on the mar¬ gin a row of minute square black spots; fringe ashy and brown; second pair ashy, spotless. Caterpillar, greenish-yeUow, with reddish-brown spots on the back; feeds on the privet. Scarce. Norfolk, Essex, and Kent. K 2 132 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Seraphim (L. hexapterata, Curtis) appears in June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth; first pair varied with dusky and ash colour, with interrupted darker bands and streaks; the base in the males with an organ resembling a wing. Caterpillar, feeds on the beech in autumn. Common. Near Edinburgh, and in Kent. The Small Seraphim (E. sexalisata,Cvnris) appears in June and August. Wings three-fourths to eleven-twelfths of aninch; first pair ashy-grey, clouded with two bands, and a streak towards the hinder margin whitish. Caterpillar whittish green, with white stripes on the sides ; feeds on the sallow. Scarce- Surrey, and Hants. EUPITHECIA fCuRTis). The Beautiful Puo {E. Linariata, Curtis) appears in August. Wings three-fourths to five-sixths of an inch; first pair with dusky and red bands, the border ash-coloured, with an indistinct waved white streak; second pair dusky whitish, with pale indistinct and darker sti'eaks. Caterpillar, green, with dark spots on the back, and a duU line on the sides; feeds on the toad-flax. Scarce. Kent. The Small Beautiful Pug {E. pulchellata, Stephens) appears in July. Wings three-fourths to eleven-twelfths of an inch ; first pair ashy-white, clouded and streaked with red and dusky, with a dusky band in the middle. Rare. Kent, and Surrey. The Green Pug {E. rectangulata, Stephens) appears themid* die and end of June. Wings two-thirds to five-sixths of an inch, green, -with streaks, clouds, and three posterior somewhat square confluent spots, dusky; second pair somewhat similar, but without clouds. Common. North of England, Essex, and near London. The Brass Pug {E. subeerata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings two-thirds to three-fourths of an inch; fir.st pair green, with three somewhat angular black streaks; the border slightly clouded. Rare. Devonshire. The Black Silk Pug, E. nigrosericeata, Stephens) appears inJune(?) Wings three fourths to five-sixths, glossy or silky black, with a wliite waved streak near the hinder margin. Rare. Near London. The Satin Puo {E. sericeata, Stephens). Wings pale silken brown, with a common waved streak near the hinder margin, and whitish fringes. Rare. Locality unknown. The y. Puo {E. V. ata, Stephens) appears in July. Wings two-thirds of an inch to five-sixths, green; first pair marked with a black V behind the middle. Rare. Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Double-striped Puo {E. Strobilata, Stephens) appears in June amongst firs. Wings two-thirds of an inch to three- CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 133 fourths, greyish white, with a tinge of reddish, with two com¬ mon pectinated dusky bands, and on the hinder margin an indistinct whitish indented line. Scarce. Surrey. The Rbd-barrbd Pug (E. rufifasciafa, Stbphens) appears in March and April. Wings two-thirds of an inch, grey, clouded with black, with two reddish bands. Scatce. Near London and Devonshire. The Juniper Pug {E. IcRvigata, Stephens) appears in July or August. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, ash- coloured, streaked and clouded with white and dusky. Cater¬ pillar very slender, smooth, green, with a darker line on the back, interrupted with red in the young state; the sides with two lines, slightly interrupted with whitish ; the eyes and hind- errnost segment reddish; feeds on the juniper. Scarce. Kent. The Mottled Pug {E. exiguata, Stephens) appears the end of June. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, whitish grey, clouded with dusky, with three dusky spots placed cross- ways, the fringes dingy, with darker spots. Caterpillar, dingy green, with a line on*the back, and one on each side j feeds on the barberry. Not scarce. Fifeshire, Durham, and near London. The Buff Pug (E.ochreata, Stephens). A dark variety of E. exiguata. The Short Pug {E.' abbreviata, Curtis) appears in June. Wings three-fourths of an inch j first pair whitish, clouded with ash-colour, with various dusky streaks, and four deep black lines; second pair ash white, with the hinder margin dusky and some¬ what streaked. Scarce. Yorkshire and Kent. The Grev Pug {E. singulariata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch; first pair ashy grey, slightly clouded and indistinctly waved, with a conspicuous black dot in the centre; second pair ashy, with a central dot and dusky margin, in which is a white waved evanescent streak. Rare. Kent. The Brindled Pug (E. nebulata, Stephens) appears in woods in June. Wings five-sixths of an inch, grey, slightly clouded with black; first pair with the ordinary black spot evanescent; second pair ashy, with two evanescent streaks of minute black lines. Common. North of England and near London. The Speckled Pug (E. albipunctata, Stephens) appears in woody copses in June. Wings five-sixths of an inch to one inch; fir.st pair dusky, with the central black dot, indistinct paler clouds, and a streak of white spots on the hinder margin, and a larger white spot on the upper edge before the streak j second pair similar. Rather scai;ce. Near London. The Small Brindled Pug {E. subumbraia, Stephens) ap¬ pears in woods the end of June or the beginning of July. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch to two-thirds, grey, with numerous deeper clouds disposed, as it were, in streaks; sometimes a narrow band before the middle, composed of dusky streaks. Scarce. 134 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Small Banded Pug (E. subfaseiata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings ten lines and a half; first pair rather narrow, dusky, with interrupted black lines, an indistinct pale band in the middle, and a pale indented streak towards the hinder mar¬ gin. Rare. Kent. The Common Pug {E. milgata, Stephens) appears in gardens in June. Wings two-thirds of an inch to five-sixths, grey brown, almost spotless, with a white waved streak at the hinder margin, inwardly marked with brown; sometimes a few obscure dusky streaky on the disc. Common. Fifeshire, Cumberland, Cheshire, and near London. The Brown Grey Pug (E. subfvscata, Stephens) appears in gardens in June. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, dusky ash, with the hinder margin darker, in which is a pale waved indistinct and almost imperceptible streak; in the centre is the ordinary black dot. Not scarce. Near London. The Scarce Pug (N. innotata, Stephens) appears in gardens in Jime. Wings five-sixths of an inch, grey brown; first pair with two bands, composed of four black waved streaks; on the disc is the minute black dot; second pair paler. Rare. Kent. The Wormwood Pug (E. Absinthiata, Stephens) appears in gardens in June. Wings five-sixths of an .inch, grey brown; first pair with black spots on the upper edge, and a large one on the disc; towards the hinder margin an interrupted waved white sti-eak; second pair with the posterior angle ash-coloured, with a minute white dot. Common. North of England and near Lon¬ don. The Noted Pug {E. notata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings three-fourths of an inch, grey brown ; first pair with a round black dot in the centre; second pair with indistinct darker streaks. Scarce. Near London. The Long-winged Pug {E. elongata, Stephens) appears in June in gardens. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch to one inch one-twelfth, rather long, of a uniform dusky tint, with black spots on the upper edge, and a large black spot in the middle towards the upper edge ; second pair paler, with a smaller cen¬ tral spot. Rare. North of England. The Plain Pug {E. simpliciata, Stephens) appears in July in lanes and gardens. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, grey, rounded with various indistinct paler streaks, and a com¬ mon indistinct border of a darker tint; in the centre of the disc is a minute dusky dot. Common. Kent. The Small Grey Pug {E. pusillata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch to two-thirds, ash co¬ loured, with indistinct streaks,'and the border darker; first pair with the ordinary black dot; second pair pubescent. Caterpillar, green, with pale lines; feeds on the birch and juniper. Com¬ mon. Kent. The Lead-coloured Pug (E, plumbeolata, Stephens) ap- CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 135 pears the end of May and beginning: of June. Wings seven- twelfths of an inch to two-thirds, of a leaden-ash, with numerous indistinct darker and paler waves; the ordinary spot wanting. Common. Kent. The Tawny Speck (E. mbfulvata, Stephens) appears the beginning of August. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch to one inch ; first pair tawny, with the upper edge and hinder margin dusky; towards the upper edge on the disc is a conspicuous black dot; second pair dusky. Rather scarce. Near London, North of England, and Kent. The Scotch Pug {E. cognata, Stephens). Wings eleven, twelfths of an inch ; &st pair ash coloured, marbled with red and white, with four double and very much waved pale streaks, with black tines in the nervures, and a black rounded spot on the disc towards the upper edge. Scarce. Fifeshire and Mid Lpthian. The BoRDEREn Lime Speck (E. mccenturiata, Stephens) appears in July. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch to one inch, ashy-white, a little clouded; first pair with the upper edge and hinder margin dusky; on the disc towards the upper edge a conspicuous black spot. Caterpillar, chocolate brown, with white stripes on the sides; feeds on the wormwood. Rather scarce. Kent, and Surrey. Tbe Croydon Pug {E. piperitata, Stephens) appears the be¬ ginning of July. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, whitish, powdered with ash-colour; first pair with the upper edge and hinder margin brownish-ash, a small black dot in the centre. Scarce. Surrey. The Lime Speck {E. Centaureata, Stephens) appears in June, in gardens. Wings two-thirds of an inch to five-sixths, white, clouded with black; first pair with the upper edge nearly uninterrupted black, having behind the middle a somewhat three-cornered black spot, in which is a black crescent; second pair white, with the inner and hinder margins and central dot more or less dusky. Caterpillar, green, with white spots; feeds on the Centaurea scabiosa, &c. Common. Durham, Essex, and near London. The Narrow-winged Pug (JE. angustata, Stephens) ap¬ pears the beginning of August. Wings two-thirds of an inch to three-fourths, long and narrow, ash-coloured; first pair -with three oblique whitish bandlets, and the ordinary black spot; second pair with pale streaks. Common, North of England, Herts, and Kent. The Marbled Pug {E.variegata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, whitish; first pair marbled writh dusky streaks and bands; second pair with a black spot in the centre, and the hinder margin with dusky clouds. Rare. Kent. The Pinion-spotted Pug {E. eonsignata, Stephens) appears the end of June, or the beginning of July. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, glaucous green; first pair with double 136 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. darker streaks, and liver-coloured spots on the upper edge, and a deep black crescent in the middle; second pair whitish-ash, with an ordinary central black spot. Rare. Yorkshire, Kent, and near London. The Netted Pug {E. venosata, Stephens) appears the be¬ ginning of June. Wings five-sixths of an inch to one inch, hoary ; first pair with four uniting waved black or white streaks. Scarce. Near London, and Kent. CLEOGENE (Duponchel). The Spotless Yellow (Cl. tmctaria, Stephens). Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths, yellow, spotless ^ the an¬ tennae black or dusky. The Spotless White (C. niveafa, Stephens). Wings eleven- twelfths of an inch, snow-white, spotless; first pair dusky underneath. Rare. Scotland. MINOA (Trbitschke). The Chi.mney-Swebper (M. ChoerophyUata, Ochsenheimer) appears the beginning of June. Wings one inch to one inch one-ststh, deep sooty black, with the tips of first pair only white; antennae and body of the same colour. Catei-pillar, dull green; feeds on the Chaerophylluia sylvestre. Common. Durham, Middlesex, and Surrey. The Drab Looper (M. Euphorbiata, Ochsenheimer,) ap¬ pears in woods, the end of May. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, brownish-ash, 'spotless and rounded; eyes black. Caterpillar, yellowish-green, dotted with white and black, with a dark line on the back; feeds on the Euphorbia Cyparissias. Rather scarce. Essex, Kent, and Surrey. BAPTA (Stephens). The White spotted Pinion [B. bimaculata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch to one inch one-sixth, snow- white, with a black dot in the middle; first pair with two deep black spots on the upper edge. Local. Middlesex, and Kent. The Clouded Silver [B. punctata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-third, snow-wliite, with a black central dot; first pair with a blotch on the inner margin, a band on the hinder margin near the tip, and a row of dots on the margin itself, all black ; second pair with an evanes¬ cent dusky streak towards the liinder margin. Not common. Essex, and Kent. APLOCERA (Stephens). The February Carpet (A. casiata, Stephens) appears the end of Febraary and in June. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half; first pair whitish, sprinkled with bluish and dusky, CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 137 with a broad indented dusky band in the middle, composed of several waved streaks, and dividing into two branches towards the upper edge, with a central black spot, near the hinder margin a streak of white arches ; second pair with the central spot and one or two streaks dusky. Common. North of England, Cum¬ berland, and Derbyshire. The Yellow Borpeb (A. flavicinctata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair whitish, with blue dots, with a band mixed with dusky and yel¬ low, and forked towards the upper edge, with a central black spot, near the hinder margin a streak composed of white arches placed behind a fifth yellowish bandlet. Scarce. Cumberland. EMMELESIA (Stephens). The Sandy Carpet {IS. decolorata, Stephens) appears the end of June in woody places. Wings one inch to one inch one- ' sixth; first pair brick red, with four strong equi-distant white '' streaks, the first near the base, the second in the middle, the third interrupted towards the hinder margin, and the third waved at the base of the fringe; second pair white, with a streak in the middle, and marginal border very pale and dusky. Common. Durham, Cumberland; Herts, Essex, and Middlesex. The Rivulet {E. affinitata, Stephens) appears in June on shrubs. Wings one inch to one inch one twelfth, of a tawny brown, somewhat streaked with dusky waves, with a conspi¬ cuous white waved band behind the middle; second pair pale dusky, with a whitish band towards the hinder mai-gin. Scarce. North of England, Essex, Herts, and Middlesex. The Small Rivulet (E. furbaria, Stephens) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings five-sixths of an inch to eleven-twelfths ; first pair dusky, somewhat streaked with wavy white bands, with a narrow zig-zag white streak behind the middle; second pair more pale, with a darker margin. Com¬ mon. Flfeshire, Cheshire, Essex, and Middlesex. The Middle Rivulet {E. rivulata, Stephens) appears the middle of Jime and in July. Wings two-thirds of an inch to three-fourths, brown ; first pair with a whitish streak before the X middle, and a second composed of white arches towards the hinder margin, behind the middle is a distinct waved white band, in which is a pale dusky streak; second pair dusky with a darker central dot, and an indistinct paler band behind the middle. Caterpillar, greenish yellow, with reddish brown line; feeds on the Lamium purpuieum. Scarce. North of England, Herts, and Surrey. The Heath Rivulet {E. ericetata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings seven-twelfths to two-thirds of an inch, ashy- A white; first pair with the base, a central band, and hinder mar- C gin, on which is a slightly waved white streak, ashy-brown ; second pair with whitish waved streaks towards the hinder margin. Common. Fifeshire and North of England. 138 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. Thb White Border {E. blandiata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings three-fourths of an inch; first pair snow white, with an interrupted brown band in the centre, and the hinder margin pale brown, with a waved white streak; second pair white at the base, with the hinder margin pale brown. Scarce. North of England. The Grass Rivulet {E. albulaia, Stephens) appears in meadows the end of June and beginning of July and August. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths; first pair with narrow grey brown bands and indistinct somewhat waved white streaks, the hinder margin reddish-grey, with a waved whitish streak common to all the wings; second pair pale dusky, with a narrow whitish band behind the middle. Common. North of England and Surrey. The Small Blue Border {E.trigonata, Stephens) appears in June and beginning of August, about hedges. Wings three- fourths of an inch, white, the border ash-coloured, with a waved white sti'eak; first pair with an ashy band at the base, on the middle of the upper edge a black triangular spot, and the very minute transverse band on the inner margin. Scarce. Cum¬ berland, and Kent. The Cumberland Rivulet (E. f«mafa, Stephens) appears in July. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch ; first pair tawny- grey, with the base and the band in the middle dusky, and a rusty patch on the upper edge ; second pair dusky grey, with a pale streak. Rare. Cumberland. The Single-barred Rivulet {E. unifasciata, Stephens) appears in June and August. Wings five-sixths of an inch to eleven-twelfths ; first pair grey-brown, with a brown band in the middle, towards the hinder mai'gin a dusky twin spot, and a second at the tip; second pair dusky, with a faint central darker spot. Rare. Kent. The Double-barred Rivulet [E. bifaseiata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch, ash-colour; first pair with two oblique contiguous bands, the outer one a little behind the middle and rather waved on the outward edge, behind these, towards the upper edge, a brown twin spot, and a smaU one at the tip; second pair ashy, with a dark central dot. Rare. The Least Carpet (.B.rusfieafa, Stephens) appears the end of June and beginning of July, in copses. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch to two-thirds, milk-white, with a black central dot; first pair with a waved or tbree-lobed dusky band in the middle, and in fine specimens a pale dusky streak towards the hinder margin ; second pair whitish, with ashy waves near the base, and a row of minute dots on the hinder margin. Scarce. Kent, and Surrey. The Purple-bar Rivulbt (£?. purpurata, Stephens). Said to be British on doubtful authority. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 139 The Waved Carpet (E. sylvata, Stephens) appears in June, Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch, whitish, sprinkled with dusky dots and clouded; first pair with three narrow bands, and a streak of arches towards the hinder margin, reddish-grey ; all the fringes ash-coloured. Scarce. Surrey. The Smai.1. White Wave {E. candidata, Stephens) appears the end of May and in June, in woods. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, snow-white, having a central pale brown spot, with numerous common strongly waved inequi-distant grey streaks. Common. Essex, and near London. The Small Yellow Wave {E. luteata, Stephens) appears the end of May, in woody places. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, deep yellow, with a dusky central spot towards the costa, and numerous common inequi-distant strongly waved reddish-yeUow streaks. Common. Fifeshire, Durham, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Dingy Shell {E. heparaia, Stephens) appears in June and July. Wings one inch to one inch one-twelfth ; first pair dull yellowish, with two pale dusky streaks behind the middle, and the hinder margin duU brown; second pair dusky. Cater¬ pillar, ^ass-green, with two whitish stripes on the sides, and two white spots on each segment, head with black spots; feeds on the birch, (Betula alba). Scarce. Kent, and Surrey. STRENIA (Duponchel), The Latticed Heath (S, clathrata, Stephens) appears the end of May and middle of July. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one-sixth; yellowish with the nervures dusky, and about four inequi-distant broad waved streaks, occasionally uniting, the fringes with alternate brown and white square spots. Cater¬ pillar, bluish green, wdth a pale stripe on the sides spotted with black; feeds on trefoil. Common. Durham, Yorkshire, Essex, Kent, Hertfordshire, and Surrey. VENILIA (Duponchel). The Speckled Yellow (K. manclaria, Stephens) appears in woody places the end of May. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-fourth; tawny, with numerous scattered dusky spots. Ca¬ terpillar, green, with a black line on the back, and a pale one on the sides; feeds on the arch-angel. Common. Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, and near the London. ThePinion Spotted Yellow, (K. quadrimaculata , ST ; T . vsi ' R7 ! S ) appears the end of April and beginning of May. Wings one inch one-twelfth, sulphur coloured, the first pair with the upper edge sprinkled with brown at the base, and having four equi-distant black spots; second pair darker, spotless. Very rare. Middlesex. HYRIA (Steshbns). The Purple-bordered Gold (H. auroraria, Stephens) ap- 140 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. pears in June. Wings two-thirds of an inch to fix'e-sixths ; first pair of a rich golden yellow, on the upper edge an obliciue band before the middle, and a second towards the hinder margin, puri)le; the second pair purple, with a golden spot in the middle, all the fringes of a deep golden yellow. Caterpillar, greyish, with a pale line on the back and sides; feeds on the plantain. Common. Norfolk, Surrey, and Gloucestershire. PTYCHOPODA (Stephens). The Small Fan-pooted Wave (P. dilutaria, Stephens) ap¬ pears the end of August in hedges. Wings five-sixths of an inch to eleven-twelfths; whitish-grey, with the hinder margin ash- coloured, ornamented with four or five alternate whitish or pale dusky streaks, and a row of black spots on the margin itself, vrith a waved dusky streak before the middle, and another behind with an interjacent central black dot. Common. Fifeshire, Durham, Essex, Kent, and Surrey. The Bordered Fan-footed Wave (P. fimbriolata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch; whitish, with a minute deep brown central spot, a pale brown common central streak, and the hinder margin deep brown, with a waved white streak, fringes pale brown. Scarce. Near London. The Pretty Fan-foot Wave (P. decoraria, Stephens) ap¬ pears in June. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch; ash-coloured, with a central dot and streak dusky, the hinder margin waved ■with dusky. Scarce. Near London. The S.MALL Dotted Wave (P. lividata, Stephens) appears the beginning of June. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five- sixths ; first pair ashy-white, sprinkled with minute dusky dots, with three small equi-distant dots on the upper edge, from which arise three dusky streaks, towards the inner margin three or four transverse dusky spots, bordered with whitish, from which a whitish waved streak passes to the upper edge, beyond which the space is dusky; second pair very similar, all with a dusky spot in the centre, and a row of black twin spots on the hinder margin. Common. Fifeshire, Durham, and near London. The Treble Twin-spot (P. trigeminata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings five-sixths of an inch, yellowish-white, with a central black dot; first pair with the base of the upper edge and a band towards tlie hinder margin, composed of three double and somewhat confluent black spots; second pair nearly spotless, with a slight dusky streak behind the middle ; at the base of the fringe of all the wings a row of minute dusky dots. Rather scarce. Kenl. The Lace Border (P. ornata, Stephens) appears in June and April. Wings one inch to one one-sixth, snow-white, a little clouded, with a central black dot, and an elegant waved border, composed of whitish-grey and pde dusky, united spots. Rare. Kent, Hants, and Devonshire. The Mullein Wave (P. incanatu, Stephens) appears the CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS, 141 end of June and in the autumn. Wings one inch one-twelfth; whitish-grey, powdered with dusky, with a minute central dot, and obscure dusky waves, the first arched, sometimes wanting, and the second wavy behind the dot, and, as it were, composed of dots, a third towards the hinder margin, then a common very indistinct row of dusky round spots, and on the margin itself a row of triangular black dots. Not rare. Norfolk, Kent, and Devonshire. The Large Lace Border (P. limbouniata, Stephens) said to be British, on doubtful authority. The Tooth Striped Wave (P. contigiiaria, Stephens). Wings one inch one-twelfth, whitish, slightly powdered with a central black dot, and about four common waved dusky streaks, the hinder margin dotted with black. Most probably a variety of P. incanata. Scarce. Norfolk and Kent. The Lesser Cream Wave (P. immututa, Stephens) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings five-sixths of an inch to eleven-twelfths, cream-coloured, or whitish, with a cen¬ tral black dot, and about five common nearly equi-distant yel¬ lowish streaks, the fringes often dotted with black. Scarce. Norfolk. The Purple Red Wave (P. rubricata, Stephens). Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch, pui^ilish-red, with three purplish brown streaks, fringes yellowish red. Rare. Yorkshire and Kent. ACIDALIA (Treitschke). The Dwarf Cream Wave {A.osseata, Stephens) appears the end of June, on hedges. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five- sixths, whitish yellow, glossy, obscurely waved with a central dot, and a row of minute black dots on the hinder margin. Com¬ mon. Kent and Surrey. The Dotted Margin {A.marginepvnctata, Stephens). Wings five-sixths of an inch, buff coloured, with obscure waved streaks, a central dusky dot, and a row of black dots on the hinder margin. Perhaps a variety of P. osseata. Local. Hants. The Small Dusty Wave (A. virgularia, Stephens) appears in July, on hedges, woods, &c. Wings one-half of an inch to five-sixths, longish, thickly powdered with ash-colour, the hinder margin of all dusky, with small whitish clouds and minute black dots; the first pair wfith a slightly angular streak before the middle, and a second, which is common," behind. Common. Durham, near London, Kent, and Devonshire. The Satiny Wave (A. subsenceata, Stephens) appears in woody places, in June. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch, of a silken white, with a greenish tinge, with five darker equi -distant waved streaks, and without the ordinary central spot. Scarce. Kent. The Plain Wave (A. inornata, Stephens) appears in woody 142 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. places, the end of June and beginning of July. Wings one inch one-sixth, pale grey-brown; first pair with three equi-distant darker evanescent streaks, the last of which is slightly waved towards the upper edge, the fringes spotless. Kot rare. Kent. The Ribbaxd Wave (^A. aversata, STBrirENS) appears in June, July, and beginning of September. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-fourth, ash-coloured, with remote dusky dots, and a dark cen¬ tral dot, beyond which is a broad dusky slightly waved band, an interrupted pale waved marginal streak, and at the base of the fringes some black spots; the first pair also with a faint streak towards the base. Common. Cheshire, Essex, and near London. The Variable Ribband Wave (A. remutata, Stephens) appears in woods; in J\me and September. Wings one inch one- sixth to three-fourths, ashy, with a central black dot; first pair with three equi-distant slightly waved dusky streaks, of which the two last, and another at the base of the fringes, composed of black dots, are common to the second pair. Common. Edin" burgh, Durham, Cheshire, and Essex. The DingyWave {A. fuliginata, Stephens) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half to one-sixth, of a smoky-brown, with an indistinct dark streak behind the middle of the first pair. Rare. Near London. The Smoky Wave {A. fumata. Dale ?) appears in June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, ashy, very thickly sprinkled with dusky dots, with three or four very indistinct dusky streaks, and the hinder margin spotless. Scarce. Scot¬ land, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Devonshire. The Pale Cream Wave {A. lactata, Stephens,) appears the end of May and middle of June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, whitish, with a streak near the base of the first pair, a waved one in the middle, and a third towards the hinder mar¬ gin, common to all the wings; the margin itself sometimes with a row of very minute black spots. Common. Essex, and near London. The Cream Wave {A. floslactata, Stephens). Wings one ! inch to one inch one-twelfth, cream white, sprinkled with minute dusky dots, with four dark waved streaks, disposed in pairs, the two first before the middle, and the other two behind. Com¬ mon. Durham, and near London. POECILOPHASIA (Stephens). The Clouded Border (P. marginata, Stephens) appears in May, July, and August. Wings one inch to one inch one- twelfth, white; the upper edge of the first pair black, inter¬ rupted in the middle with white; in the centre of the wings a common interrupted black band; on the hinder margin a broad waved black border; the fringes black. Common. North of England, Yorkshire, Norfolk, Essex, and near London. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 143 TIMANDRA (Dii?onchel). The Small Blood Vein (T. imitaria, Stephens) appears in June anclJuly. Wings one inch one-twelfth, to one-sixth, with a curved dusky streak before the middle of the first pair, and two behind, common to all the wings ; the fringes reddish. Com¬ mon. Cheshire, Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Hants. The Subangled Wave(T. variegata, Stephens) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings one inch one- twelfth to one-sixth, whitish, sprinkled with ash-colour j the first pair with a very indistinct streak towards the base; then, common to all the wings, an oblique dusky band behind the middle, and an indented streak, and near the hinder margin, and on the margin itself, a very slender and somewhat interrupted Ime. Rare. Kent. ^ The New Forest Wave (T. emutaria, Stephens) appears in July. Wings oneinch, pale yellowish red, with an obscure cen- tral band, a black dot on the disc, and a row of black dots on the margin. Rare. New Forest, Hants. The Rosy Wave (T. mbroseata, Stephens) appears the end of July. Wings one inch, rosy-white, with numerous very minute dusky dots, with an oblique dusky rather short streak, passingfrom the tip to the middle of the inner margin of the first pair, to the inner edge of the second pair; behind this on the first pair are about five minute black dots \ the second pair with one or more streaks towards the margin. Rare. Norfolk, Hants. MAC ARIA (Curtis). The Peacock (M. Notata, Cuhtis) appears the end of May and beginning of June. Wings oneinchone-twelfthtoone fourth, whitish, spnnkled with dusky, with three dusky streaks : the first ^®'^dish spots on the upper edge; the notch or the hinder margm with a red-brown crescent; second pair Mutely angled, with a black central dot. Caterpillar, green, wh the sides brownish-yellow; feeds on the wUlow, oak, &c. Scarce. Cumberland, Kent, and Surrey. The Sharp Angled Peacock (M. altemata, Stephens) ap- pears in June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth,^ash- colomed, spnnkled with dusky, with ashy streaks ; first pair with rour black spots on the upper edge, and a black crescent at the up; second pair somewhat tailed, with a conspicuous central not. Rare. Kent, and Surrey. Striped Rueous {M. mbrufata, Stephens). one-fourth, reddish, with slender darker streaks, very rare. Locality unknown. in liturata, Curtis) appears Shv ,^"STist. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, w’cr* common dusky streaks at the base, arising "PP®’’ is a common yel¬ lowish band. Common. Cumberland, Kent, and Hampshire. 144 CONSPECTtrS OF MOTHS. The Dingy Angled {M. prceatomata, Cgrtis). Wings one inch one-fotirth, -whitish, thickly covered with dnsky dots, with three very indistinct streaks, the border darker. Rare. Locality unknown. The White Spot {M. unipunctata, Stephens). Wings one inch one-third, reddish, indented, with three indistinct streaks, and a white spot towards the tip. Rare. Locality unknown. ANIA (Stephens). The Bordered Chequer (A. limbata, Stephens). Wings one inch one-twelfth, pale red, waved with rust-brown, with abroad rusty-brown border. Rare. Scotland. The Small Scollop [A. emarginata, Curtis) appears the end of July. Wings five-sixths to eleven-twelfths, yellowish, with a central black dot, and three dusky lines. Caterpillar, dull yellow, with a brown line on the back ; feeds on the bind weed. Common. Essex, and near London. ENNOMOS (Treitschke). The Beautiful Hook Tip {E. flexula, Stephens) appears the middle of July, and beginning of August, grey, with two pale angular streaks, bordered with dusky, and two interjacent spots. Caterpillar, greenish, with the neck, protuberance on the back, tail, head, and legs reddish j feeds on lichens. Scarce. Essex and Surrey. ELAT!YFT!EmClTiM. PLATYPTERYX (Laspeyres). The Scallop Hook Tip (P. lacertula, Stephens) appears in May. Wings one inch one-fourth to one third, grey and wa-vyi as if eroded, with two rusty streaks, and a point between them; second pair white, with a yellow border j Caterpillar feeds on the birch in September. Near London. The Lineless Hook Tip, (P. cultraria, Stephens). Very similar to the preceding, but the wings without any cross-lines. Near London. DREPANA (Laspeyres). The Pebble Hook Tip (D. falcataria, Leach) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third, glaucous green, -with nume¬ rous iron-grey wavings; first pair hooked with a band, grey wavings, and a dusky point. Rare. Yorkshire, and near London. The Oak Hook Tip (D. hamula, Stephens) appears in oak woods in July. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth, fem^e one inch one-third, and red; first pair hooked-orange bro-pi, with two yellow streaks and a twin point between; second pair paler; in the female all the vcings paler. Caterpillar feeds on the oak. Rather scarce, Kent, and near London. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 145 The Brown Hook Tip (Hr. wncwte, Stephens). Near London. The Barred Hook Tip (Hr. unguicula, Stephens). Wing:s one inch one-fourth, hooked, dusky yellow, with two curved streaks, rather thicker towards liie edge, and between these the colour of a deeper tint. Near London. The Scarce Hook Tip (Dr.fasciafa, Stephens). Wings one inch five-twelfths, hooked, dusky yellowish, with two slanting dusky streaks, curved, and thicker towards the edge; second pair with a small streak. Rare. Locality unknown. CILIX (Leach). The Goose Egg (C. compressa, Leach) appears in hedges in May and August. Wings of the male eleven-twelfths of an inch; female one inch one-twelfth; snow white, with a shortish oval brown band, in which is a slender silvery letter-like mark; the second pair white, with a dusky margin and paler fringe. Ca¬ terpillar dusky, with four spines before and two behind, and a sharp tail. JPupa brown before, blue behind. Common. Near London. PYRALID^ (Leach). HYPENA (Schrank). The Skout (H.prohoscidalis, Ochsenheimer) “appears the end of June and beginning of August; common about hedges. 'Wings two inches; first pair with an incurved streak before the middle, then a narrow oblique band in the centre, but often an¬ teriorly indeterminate, between this and the hinder margin a re- panded streak, which does not reach the upper edge, but is often externally directed towards it by from three to six whitish dots, lastly, an oblique dusky line at the tip; second pair dusky, all the fringes ashy-grey.” The Pinion Snout (H. obesalis, Ochsenheimer). “'Very si¬ milar to, but distinct from, the foregoing, for it is smaller with longer palpi. Wings one inch one-sixth, acute, slightly retuse, ashy grey; first pair with a black spot from the base to the mid¬ dle, but becoming thin towards the base. 'Very imfrequent.” The Buttoned Snout {H.rostralis, Ochsenheimer) “appears the end of June, on hedges. Wings one inch one-sixth, acute, somewhat retuse, pale grrey; first pair from the base to the middle of a darker hue, with spots, and a line usually raised in the middle; second pair dusky. Not common.” TheBeautifulSnout (H.crossulis.OcHSENHEiMER) “appears the beginning of June, amongst woods, in Kent. Wings one inch one-fourth, acute, slightly retuse, white; first pair with a large pitch-black hatchet shaped patch, extending from the base to nearly the inner margin, between this and the hinder margin a Slightly bent streak, composed of black dots, and a broad black line at tlie tip j second pair dusky. Very uncommon.” 146 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. POLYPOGON (Schrank). The Cullender (P. cribralis, Stephens). The Common Fan-foot (P. barbnlis, Stephens) “appears the middle of May and beginning of July on hedges. Wings one inch one-fourth; first pair more or less ashy-grey, with a streak unangulated on its outer edge before, and a very similar one behind the middle, between the latter and the hinder margin a third oblique, all of a darker tint; second pair behind the middle and towards the upper edge paler, with two indistinct darker streaks beyond the middle, and a very slender dark and common one on the hinder margin.” The Clay Fan-poot (P. deriitalis, Stephens). “Wings one inch one-sixth, aU reddish, a darker streak on the first pair, slightly incurved before, and another much incurved and com¬ mon behind the middle; in aU the wings a darker crescent in the middle, and a very slender streak on the hinder margin; antennse bristle-shaped. Uncommon. Kent.” The Fan-poot (P.tarsicrinalis, Stephens) “frequents woody places. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-fourth, dull reddish, the two anterior streaks of the first pair as in the preceding, but the second more waved, the third streak more rightly oblique towards the hinder margin ; the second pair pale dusky, with a darker posterior streak, whitish on the outer edge; the male dif¬ fers greatly from the female, in having the fore legs singularly and thickly banded.” The Small Fan-poot (P. nemoralis, Stephens). “ Very simi¬ lar to the foregoing, but rather smaller. Wings one inch one- twelfth to one-sixth, with three streaks and a crescent brown, the posterior streak rather bent, and drawn to the tip. In woody places not common.” The Olive Crescent (P.emortualis, Stephens). “Wings one inch, dusky yellow, with two streaks and a crescent in the mid¬ dle yellowish ; in figure, size, and colour, it resembles the Clay- Fan-foot (P. derivalis).” MADOPA (Stephens). The Lesser Bell( J/.Sa/icah's, Stephens) “appears the mid¬ dle of June, and frequents plantations of birch. Wings one inch eleven-twelfths, ashy-lead, with three oblique equally distributed streaks, the tliird waved and reaching to the tip, the second in a right direction, and not waved; the crescent is absent. Very unfrequent.” CLEDEOBIA (Stephens). The Small Snout (C. anfrustalis, Stephens) “ appears the middle of July. Wings one inch, dark tawny, with an oblique line at the tip of the first pair, with the upper edge prettily sprinkled through the band with numerous white dots turned outwardly, and disposed in pairs, a darker band in the middle In a forward state of preparation, A SERIES OF POCKET VOLUMES, UNIFORM WITH THE CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, ON ALL THE OTHER PARTS OF iJatural fi^tstorg. Botany (with an Alphabet). Birds (with an Alphabet), Two-winged Flies, from Meigen and Fallen, Bees, Wasps, Ants, &c., from Jurine, Latreille, and Graven- horst. Beetles, from De Jean, &c. Lace-winged Flies. Shells and SheU-fish (with an Alphabet). Minerals (with an Alphabet). Fossil Remains (with an Al¬ phabet). Fishes (with an Alphabet). Reptiles (with an Alphabet). Mammalian Quadrupeds (with an Alphabet). Spiders and Mites (with an Al- phabet). Stars and Constellations (with an Alphabet). Jmt published, price 2s. AN ALPHABET OF INSECTS, FOR THE USE OF BEGINNERS, WIT/I NUMEROUS WOOR-CUTS- BY JAMES RENNIE, M.A. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 147 oftentdmes unsolid towards the upper edge, with a common dusky spot; second pair dusky, fringes red, all the fringes darker. Coombe Wood.” The White sine Snout (C. albiitrigalis, Stephens). “Wings five-sixths of an inch, rather dusky, with a broad band having a dusky spot, and indistinctly terminated with white. Very uncommon.” The RiB-STRiPEn Snout (C. costce-strigalis, Stephens). The Waved (C. undulalis, Stephens). The Double-striped (C. bistrigalis, Stephens). AGLOSSA (Latreille) The Tabby (Ag.pinguinalis, Latreille) “appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-half, rather longish, ashy-grey, with an oily glossiness, with a spot at the base, and two contigruous wavy, brown streaks a little before the middle, and between these a paler colour -, between these streaks and the hinder margin a third streak wavy, brown, terminated by a paler colour, and rather double {duplex) in a certain position, and between the second and third in the middle of the wing, with the colour in some points of view darker, and a common brown spot towards the second sfreak and the upper edge; second pair pale dusky, indistinctly clouded, doubly streaked behind the middle; the fringes of all the wings brown. Not common.” Near London. The Small Tabby {Ag. capreolatus, Stbphe.ns) “appears the end of July. Wings five-sixths of an inch to one inch eleven- ^elfths; first pair rather narrow, blunt, dark purplish, but paler in some positions towards the hinder margin, a wavy streak before the middle, and another repanded near the hinder margin, pale and indistinct; second pair duskyish or whitish.” Near London. The Tea Tabby {Ag. dimidiatus, Stephens). Supposed to be British on doubtful authority. PYRALIS (Stephens). The Meal Moth {Py. farinalis, HUbner) “ appears the end of August. Wings one inch to one inch one-sixth, dusky brown, with % a very broad wavy sea green band in the middle, mai-gined on Both sides with white; second pair with two wavy white streaks in the middle, having a darker-coloured space between them; on the hinder margin oftentimes an incomplete row of black spots, larger towards the posterior angle.” Near London. The Scarce Meal Moth (Py. marginatus, Stephens). Wings brownish, with two brown bands bordered with white, the first towards the base, and the posterior marginal.” fsE Double Striped (Pjr. g/RMciraafe, Stephens) “appears the beginning of August. Wings one inch, the streaks of the first pair yellowish and thicker towards the upper edge, the first 148 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. situated before, and the second behind the middle; between the streaks many yellowish small dots on the upper edge; the second pair with a somewhat incurved streak before, and an¬ other waved behind the middle, both white j on hedges. Not common.” Near London. AGROTERA (Schrank ?). The Gold Fringe (A. costalis, Stephens) “appears the be¬ ginning of July on hedges, but not common. Wings two-thirds of an inch to three-fourths, aU purplish -. first pair with a large patch on the upper edge before, and another behind the mid¬ dle, trapeziform, and gold-coloured, from which, in certain positions, run two yellowish imperfect streaks, evanescent and very indistinct; second pair with two very similar but more conspicuous streaks, the fringes very ample.” Near London. ASOPIA (Treitschke.) Tub Rosy Flounced {A. flamealis, Stbphen.s) “appears the end of June, frequent in Coombe wood. Wings three-fourths of an inch, all purplish-gp'ey, with two anterior streaks; second pair whitish, with a band in the middle.” Near London. _ SIMAETHIS (Leach). ^ The Nettle Tap (S-Fuiriciunu, Stephens) “frequents banks and hedges. Wings half an inch; first pair blackish, with a pair of whitish distinct spots, body small.” Near London. The Double-barred Nettle Tap (S. ^nnnnn, Stephens). “ Wings five lines to five and a half, dusky, with two deep black streaks and a brown margin. Found in gardens.” Near Lon¬ don. The Early Neetle Tap (S. fMfosa, Stephens) “appears the begrmning of March. Wings five-twelfths of an inch ; first pair dull brick red, or rather yellowish, without spots, with a small number of black and white dots on the upper edge; second pair pitch-coloured. Perhaps a mere spring or autumn variety of the preceding.” Near London. M vller’s Nettle Tap (S'. MpUerana, Stephens) “ appears in September. Wings five-twelfths of an inch, varied with black and ashy.grey, and dotted with silvery, with an ashy-brown margi¬ nal streak towards the hinder margin. Found on nettles, but not common.” Near London. The Narrow Silver Dotted (S. punefuosa, Stephens). ‘ Wings five-sixths of an inch; first pair rather dusky and some¬ what wedge-shaped, obliquely cut at the tip, with some few very minute silvery dots. Perhaps a variety of the foregoing, for its wings are narrower, with far fewer silvery spots. Very rare.” ENNYCHIA (Treitschke). The White Spot (E. octomaculatu, Stephens) “appears the CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 149 end of May in woody places, and again in August. Wings five- sixths of an inch, all black on both surfaces, with a large round white patch before, and another behind the middle; and after¬ wards between these spots in the first pair a white dot, fringes black, but white at the tip towards the posterior angle. Not common.” Near London. The Wavy-barred Sabi-e (E. anguinalis, Ochsenheimeb). “ Occurs about woods in chalky districts. Wings half an inch to seven-twelfths, all deep black, with a comnion wavy very white and distinct streak rather behind the middle. Uncom¬ mon.” Near London. The Silver-barbed SABtEfJ?;. ciwgMtofa, Stephens). “Wings two-thirds of an inch, all black, with a very white, somewhat common but oblique streak, and situated rather behind the mid¬ dle ; second pair brownish. Not frequent.” The Flounced {E.fascialis, Stephens). “Wings two-thirds of an inch, ashy-red, with an oblique band at the base, a spot on the upper edge in the middle, and near the hinder margin a waved or fillet-like band, red ; second pair reddish white, with a dull red border. Very rare.” Near London. PYRAUSTA (Schbank). The Crimson and Gold {P.purpiiralis, Curtis) “appears the end of May, in woody places. Wings five-sixths of an inch, purple-red at the base, with two rhomboidal golden-red spots at the base, about the middle a waved oblique band composed of imegidar somewhat confluent golden red spots, then towards the hinder margin a common regular order of golden red spots, which does not adjoin the margin; second pair with a small line nearly to the middle, a very short band on the upper edge in the middle, and with an arched one behind the middle, golden white.” Near London. The Purple and Gold (P. punicealis, Curtis) “ appears the end of May and beginning of August, in woody places. Wings ^o-thirds of an inch to five-sixths, bright purple, or somewhat dusky, with two anterior spots, and a spotted band in the mid¬ dle golden red. Perhaps a mere variety of the preceding.” Near London. The Scarce Purple and Gold (P. ostrinalis, Curtis). ‘ Wings seven-twelfths of an inch; first pair ashy at the base, with an oblique waved band in the middle of small irregular spots; second pair half black, with a very minute spot near the base, and a band rather behind the middle white, and behind this band a purple terminal one, which touches neither the inner margin nor the upper edge. Surrey,” and near London. The Porphyry (P. Pophyrialis, Stephens) “ appears the end of May, in woody places. Wings half an Inch to three- fourths, purplish, with a large golden red or white spot among loU CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. many very minute ones ; second pair blackish, with a band in the middle reddish gold or white. Found with the preceding, but unfrequent.” Near London. Thb Straw Barred {P. cespitalis, Curtis). “ Wings seven- twelfths of an inch; first pair blackish, with two spots in the middle beneath the upper edge, one under the other, the last square-shaped, beneath these and the hinder margin a continu¬ ous white slightly waved band, which is rather thick at the upper edge; second pair black, with a band in the centre, and commonly a streak on the hinder margin wliitish; aU the hinges brown. Not frequent.” The Dingy Straw Bar [P.sordidalis, Curtis). “Wings two- thirds of an inch, ashy-brown; second pair with a band behind the middle, and a very slender streak towards the hinder margin whitish. A variety of the preceding, but without the whitish spots and bands on the first pair. Not common.” Near London. HYDROCAMPA (Latreii.le). The Lettered China-mark (Ff. h'<erahs,STEPHENs). “Wings three-fourths of an inch; first pair brown, with a letter before the middle, a second angular and more conspicuous in the mid¬ dle, and a posterior streak white : before the streak, and towards the upper edge a .smaU white line; second pair ashy-white at the base, with a white curved band in the middle, another re- panded towards the hinder margin, which almost reaches the inner margin; aU the fringes alternately brown and white. Very rare.” Near London. The Garden China-mark (if. Sambucata, Stephens) “ap- si, pears the end of June, on shrubs and in gardens. Wings eleven- twelfths of an inch, all brown, very much spotted with white; before a common repanded streak of white spots; first pair with the tip ashy. Common.” Near London, and in the county of Cork. The Large China-mark (H. Pofamogata, Stephens) “ap¬ pears the end of July, about pools and ditches. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, all variously clouded vrith white, wdth dusky uniting repanded bands; fringes ash-coloured.” Common. Near London. The Beautipui. China-mark (H. Nymphaiata, Stephens) ^ “ appears in July, in the neighbourhood of lakes. Wings five- sixths of an inch to one inch; all the wings and fringes very white, with various repanded un.solid somewhat dusky uniting bands. More uncommon than the former.” Surrey and Kent. The Small China-mark {H. Lemnata, Stephens) “appears the middle of June, about ditches. Wings of the male two-thirds of an inch, female two-thirds of an inch to one inch; first pair in the male generally pure white, with a black spot in place of a stigma, hinder margin ash-coloured; second pair snow white, clouded with black dots, with a short band in the middle of the CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 151 hinder mar^n, in which is a row of very bright silvery spots. The female differs from the male, is much larger, wings narrower and longer; first pair reddish ash, with a very indistinct black spot; second pair more clouded, with more nmnerous silvery spots. Very abundant.” Near London. The Ringed China-makk (H. StraUotata, Stephens) “ ap¬ pears the beginning of July, near lakes. Wings five-sixths of an inch to eleven-twelfths, reddish-ash, with two repanded brown streaks, having an interjacent white blind eyelet, with a brown iris; second pair with a very strong waved streak, and part of another in the middle.” Near London. NYMPHULA (Schrank). The Rush Veneer (N. hybridalis, Schrank) “appears in July. Wings one inch to one inch one-sixth, narrow, greyish brown, >' with two black trapeziform patches in the middle, one behind the other; second pair very ample brown, spotless, with white fringes. Coombe Wood, Chelsea, Wisbeach,” and near London. DIAPHANIA (Stephens). The Transparent China-mark (Z>. lurernalis, Stephens). “ Wings five-sixths of an inch, translucent pearly white, with the upper edge of the first pair and all the hinder margin broadly blackish; head and corselet black; abdomen very white or silvery, with the posterior barb for the most part black. Very rare.” Near London. BOTYS (LATREII.I.E). The Garden Pebble {B. forficalis, Latreille) “appears the end of May and end of July, in gardens. Wings one inch one- ^elfth to one-sixth; first pair with a streak drawn from the inner margin to the twin spot, which is in the place of the hin¬ der stigma, and about four streaks from the inner margin, TOnfluent in the tip; second pair whitish, with a strong, rather incurved, brown streak behind the middle, and a second very slender and black on the inner margin. Abundant.” Near London. The Small Magpie (B. Vrticata, Stephens) “ appears the end of June, on nettles and in gardens. Wings one inch one twelfth to one-sixth, long, white, with the upper edge at the base and the hinder margin ashy black, and a wavy dusky band towards the hinder margin, beyond which is a strong white common streak pectinated on the outer edge; second pair white at the base; body black; corselets, crown, margins of the segments, and posterior beard yellow. Abundant.” Near London. MARGARITIA (Stephens). The Variegated Pearl ( M . diversaiis , Stephens). Very rare. 152 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Long-winged Pearl {M. longalis, Stephens) “ appears in June, on banks. Wing’s one inch one-fourth, longish, all ash- coloured, with a common wavy duskyish dilated streak, behind an indistinct and paler area in each wing.” Near London. The Mother of Pearl [M. verticalis) Stephens) “ appears in July, on nettles. Wings one inch one-third to one-half, all pale straw yellow, with three wavy dusky streaks. Abundant.” Near London. The Sulphur Pearl (M. palealis, Stephens). “Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-sixth, somewhat acute; fust pair greenish sulphur-yellow; second pair white, all the wing ribs dusky. Very rare in England.” The Center-strife (M. centrostrigalis, Stephens). The Lesser Pearl {M. limbalis, Stephens) “appears in July, about inclosures. Wings one inch one-sixth; first pair yellow, indistinctly clouded unth whitish, with two darker hinder streaks; second pair whitish, with two dusky streaks. Rather scarce.” Near London. The Scarce Pearl (Jf. liyalinalis, Stephens) . “ Wings straw- yellow ; first pair with an incurved streak before, and a second darker, broad and wavy behind the middle, common to all the wings, with the ordinary darker inteijacent stigmata. Very rare. Kent, near Darenth Wood.” The Dingy Pearl [M. gJahralis, Stephens). “Not very un¬ equal in size to the Lesser Pearl. Wings dull reddish-ash, with a common waved indented darker streak towards the hinder margin, behind the large whitish spot in the first pair.” The Narrow-winged Pearl {M. angustalis, Stephens). “Wings one inch one-twelfth; first pair narrow, but broader and shorter than in M. Longalis, and of a purer straw-colour, with¬ out ashy-grey, with two ordinary indistinct spots before a darker common repanded streak; second pair white, with the hinder margin straw-coloured. Very uncommon. Kent, near Fevers- ham.” The Bordered Pearl (Jlf. feriwina/is, Stephens). “Wings eleven to twelve lines, pale straw-coloured, indistinctly streaked, with a common dusky border. Very uncommon. Kent, near Feversham.” The Delicate Pearl {M.palUdalis, Stephens). “ Wings with a common streak before, and a second common behind the mid¬ dle, with a brown interjacent ringlet, with a dusky cross-line on the upper edge behind the second streak, and a third shorter between the last and the hinder margin.” Rare. T.ie StrawChina-mark (JIL Thapsalis, Stephens) “frequents woody places, but not in abundance. Wings five-sixths of an inch, straw-coloured, with a streak before, and a second repanded CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 153 behind the middle, with two brown interjacent dots 3 second pair whitish, with a central dot, before an indistinct repanded dusky- ish streak.” Near London. The Smai-l Straw Chixa-mark {M. ochrealis, Stephens). ‘‘ Very similar to the foregoing, but smaller. Wings three-fourths ofan inch,usually without spots 5 firstpair straw-coloureds second pair whitish, except in certain positions the streaks are very indistinct or wanting. Kent, near Feversham.” The Long-legs (Jlf. longipedalis, Stephens). TheRusty China-mark {M. Verbascalis, Stephens). “Wings five-sixths of an inch, all somewhat acute, rusty-ash, with four streaks equally distributed, repanded, common, and dusky, the hinder one more indistinct. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Gold China-mark {M. flavalis, Stephens). “ W'ings one inch, somewhat acute, gold-coloured, with three dusky stigmata, the margins of which are alone conspicuous between two dark repanded streaks; second pair duskyish, with a brown streak in the middle, and afterwards a second, composed of evanescent dusky spots. Unfrequent. Near London.” TheRustyDot (M. ferrugalis, Stephens) “appears in woody places, in August (f). Wings three-fourths of an inch, rusty-red, with two dusky dots in the middle, the anterior stigma round and point-like, the hinder indistinct and kidney-shaped ; second pair with a darker spot in the middle. Very uncommon.” Near London, The Dctstv Pearl (,31.pulveralis, Stephens). Near London. The Cinereous Pearl {M. cineralis, Stephens) “appears in June, in woody places. Wings one inch, all dull ashy-red, with a brown crescent before the common streak, which is repanded, darker, and exteriorly paler.” Near London. The Margined Pearl {31. fimbrialis, Stephens). Near London. The Clay Pearl {31. uliginosalis, Stephens). Very rare. The Pale Straw (Ilf. lutealis, Stephens) “appears in July, in meadows and about hedges. Wings one inch, whitish, indis¬ tinctly streaked, and having stigmata, whose margins are alone apparent and yellowish 5 the posterior angle of the second pair smoke-coloured. Abundant. Near Wisbeach.” The Diamond Spot {31. fetragonalis, Stephens) “appears in -August. Wings glossy, somewhat dusky, with a quadrangular patch, and a broad streak towards the hinder margin white 5 second pair dusky, with an indistinct streak darker, behind the middle. Very uncommon. Near Coombe W'ood.” The Ciliated {31. cilialis, Stephens). Very rare, y The Straw Dot {31. sericealis, Stephens) “appears in July about hedges. Wings five-sixths of an inch, deep straw-coloured, with the kidney-shaped stigma of a burnt colour 3 the hinder 154 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. margin more or less of a smoky tint, and a row of very minute white spots; second pair duskyish, but paler towards tlie base.” Near London. The Pearl Straw {M. margaritalis, Stephens). Rare. The Checqperei) Straw Stephens) “appearsin July. Wings one inch, straw-coloured, slightly clouded with pitchy, with four streaks, and the nervures pitch-brown. Very scarce. Near London, but more frequent in Norfolk.” SCOPULA (Schrank). The Plum {S. Prunalis, Ochse.nheimbr). Rare. The Duskv Brindled (S.nebvlalis, Stephens) “appears the end of June, on hedges. Wings one inch, all dusky; first pair with the stignnata and an arched streak towards the hinder mar¬ gin darker; second pair generally dusky, with a common streak of black dots on the hinder margin.” Near London. The White Brindled {S.nwealis, Stephens) “appears the end of June, about hedges. Wings one inch, clouded with white and whitish; second pair white, with a crescent, spot, and border brown or dusky. Abundant.” Near London. The PiED-coAT {S. sticticalis, Stephens). Supposed to be British on doubtful authority. The Starry Brindled (L. dentalis, Stephens). “ Wings eleventh-twelfths of an inch; first pair with the upper edge pale, having a dusky spot towards the tip, with a band just before the middle, indistinct, pale, and on the outer edge deeply and sharply indented; between this and the hinder margin some palish clouds; second pair dusky-ash. Very uncommon.” NOLA (Leach). The Small Black Arch {N.Monachalis, Stephens). “ Wing? five-sixths of an inch ; first pair hoary, slightly clouded, with a repanded and indented streak before, and a second more repanded and denticulated behind the middle ; and beyond these an indis¬ tinct streak of black lines; the fringes ashy-grey, and after- ward.s marked with a row of black spots; the second pair with the fringes dusky, and without spots. Very rare.” Near Lon¬ don. The Least Black Arch (N.strigulalis, (Stephens) “appears the end of May and the beginning of June, very similar to the foregoing, but smaller. Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair whitish, posteriorly hoary, with two black denticulated streaks; second pair white, rather adhy at the tip, with a small ordinary darker line or crescent in the centre, towards the upper edge, fringes whitish. Very unfrequent.” Near Ixmdon. The Short Cloaked, (N. cucullatella, Stephens,) “appears the beginning of July near hedges. Wings two-thirds of an inch CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 155 to three-fourths; first pair being dusky at the base, which colour terminates in a very strong black arched streak, then ash- coloured to the tip, but more frequently with a wavy dusky very indistinct streak behind the middle, terminating in a blackish patch on the upper edge, and anothercontiguousvery similar black streak, and behind these streaks an indistinct dusky bandlet, rather notched on the outer edge, near the hinder margin; second pair, and all the fringes dusky.” Near London. The Smoky Arch Stephens). Near London. TORTRICINA (Rennie). TORTRICIDJE (Stephens). CHLOEPHORA (Stephens). The Green Silver Lines (C. Fagana, Stephens) “ appears in July in woods. Wings one inch three-fourths to five-sixths, green, with three very oblique and rather equally distributed streaks, the margins white, of the first pair with a reddish tint; the male ditfers from the female in having the secondary wings yellowish-green, with a thicker snow-white margin. Caterpil¬ lar on oaks in May.” Common. The Scarce Silver Lines (Gyirasinana, Stephens) “appears the beginning of June in woody places. Wings two inches, purest green, with two oblique streaks in the middle, the mar¬ gins and fringes whitish; the crown and corselet green, the antennee, palpi, and feet, red; the abdomen and under wings snowy-white. Caterpillar occurs in September on oaks.” Near London. TORTRIX (Hubnbr). The Bordered Green (T. clorana, Hubner) “appears the beginning of June, about willows. Wings ten lines one-half; first pair green, with the upper edge white; second pair white or whitish, all the fringes for the most part whitish, but rather tinged wdth green.” Near London. The Pea Green (T. viridana, Haworth) “appears in July, among oaks. Wings nine lines one-half; first pair green; second pair dusky; fringes generally white, but with a greenish tinge. Caterpillar found about oaks. Very common.” The Plain Yellow (T. flavana, Haworth). “Wings nine lines one-half; first pair yellowish green; second pair dusky; corselet and palpi greenish yellow. Very rare in England.” Near London. The Guelder Rose (T. unitana, Hubner). Rare. The Lime Yellow (T. Pillerana, Stephens). Rare. 156 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. LOZOT^NIA (Stephkns). The Forsterian {L. Forsterinna, Stephens) “appears the middle of June, about hedges and woody places. Wings one inch one-twelfth; first pair ashy-brown, with a brown spot in the middle of the upper edge, a second betw'een this and the hinder margin, and a third much larger in the middle of the inner edge, all these spots arranged in form of a triangle; second pair duskyish. Uncommon.” Near London. The Filbert Leaf Roller {L.A'iellana, Stephens) “ appears the beginning of July, but not common. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch; first pair obtuse, grey, with a yellowish tinge, with an oblique dusky band at the base, and a second behind the middle, which is often interrupted; and between this and the tip a dusky patch on the upper edge, triangularly disposed; second pair dusky, with yellowish fringe. Not common.” Near London. The Dark Oblique Bar {L. Carpiniana, Stephens) “appeare abouthedges. Wings eightto eleven-twelfths of an inch; first pair refuse, brick-brown, with two darker bands, and a posterior patch on the upper edge. Common.” Near London. The CurrantLeafRoller {L.Ribeana, Stephens) “appears in June in gardens and hedges. Wings seven lines one-half to eleven lines, tawny, brick-red, with a basal and a central band, and a posterior spot on the upper edge, darker and margined with brown.” Too common. The Gooseberry Leaf Roller (i. Grossulariana) Ste¬ phens). Near London. The Cherry Leaf Roller {L.Ceranana, Stephens). “Wings nine to ten lines, refuse, brick-red, anteriorly slightly sprinkled with ashy, having two bands and a posterior patch on the upper edge ashy-brick red,margined with dusky; second pair duskyish. Far from common.” Near London. The Smooth Oblique Bar (L. Ixvigarui, Stephens). Near London. The Hazel Leap Roller (i. Corylana, Stephens). “Wings eleven lines one-half, refuse, brick red, very finely checquered with rust-red, with threeunequi-distantrust-red streaks ; second pair duskyish, yellowish at the tip, with numerous cross-brown lines. Not common.” Near London. The Ross Leaf Roller (L.Rosana, Stephens) “appears the middle of June, in gardens about rose-trees. Wings seven lines one-half to eight lines one-half, broad, retuse,somewhat brick-red, with a streak at the base slightly arched, an oblique club-shaped band in the middle, and darker cross lines.” The Hawthorn Leaf Roller, (L. Oa'^acaRf/umn, Stephens) “ Wings two thirds to three-fourths of an inch, duskyish, very slightly streaked with dusky ; second pair dusky with a golden tip. Perhaps a mere variety. Occurs about hedges.” Near Lon¬ don. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 157 The VlBiTRxiAN (L. Vibiimana, Stephen’s'). “Wings eight \ lines one-half; first pair dusky, somewhat refuse, shining, spot¬ less; second pair duskyish. Very rare.” Near Loiidon. The Eyelet {L.subocellana, Stephens). The GreatBrown [L. fuscana, Stephens) “ appears in woody places. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch, all dusky, without spots; the first pair refuse. Perhaps a mere large variety of the Rose. Cate)-pillar, suflfused with dusky. Not abundant.” Near London. The Branderian (L.JBranden'ana, Stephens) “appearsabout hedges. Wings five-sixths of an inch, broad, refuse, dull-brick red; second pair dusky, orange-gold coloured at the tip. A mere variety of the Rose Leaf Roller. Uncommon.” Near London. The Great Hook Tip (L.oporana, Stephens) “appears the •J middle of June, on hedges. Wings one inch, somewhat tailed, ' tile-red, clouded with rust-red, and reticulated; second pair golden-orange, but anteriorly dusky.” Near London. The Pyrastran {L.fithmna, Stephens). “ Wings five-sixths of an inch ; first pair with an ustulated patch at the base of the X inner margin, and an oblique central band; then a burnt-brown bandlet towards the hinder margin, which does not reach the inner margin on the upper edge; the tip itself longish and ustulated ; second pair of a rich orange-gold colour at the tip.” Near London. The Forked Red-bar (L.X2i?osfeaua,STEPHBNs) “appears in July, among oaks. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, y refuse, pale brick-red, with a patch at the base, an oblique slightly waved band in the centre, dividing into two branches at the upper edge, and a smaU one towards the hinder margin, ail brown. Frequent.” Near London. ^ The Oak Hook-tip (L. Roborana, Stephens). Near London. The Oblique-bar (X,. Stephens). “Wingstwo- thirds of an inch to five-sixths; first pair refuse, yellowish-ash, with a straightish band at the base, an oblique one in the middle, ^ and a patch on the upper edge towards the hinder margin, all indistinct and tawny, the tip itself with an ustulated spot; second pair with the tip and thicker margin coppery-yeUow.” Near London. The Stravy Oblique-bar (L.co.sfana, STEPHENS>“appears in woody places. Wings eight one-half lines, straw-coloured, with avery oblique dusky-grey band in the middle, on the upper edge y near the tip; a large conspicuous black patch near the hinder margin from two to five black dots ; second pair whitish. Not abundant.” Near London. The Double Scorched (i. bixistulana, Stephens). Near London. The Modeerian (L. Modeeriana, Stephens) “ appears in summer among hedges in Kent, but not common. Wings three 158 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. fourths of an inch j first pair retuse, yellow, with an oblique inter¬ rupted central band, the upper edge and the tip inclining to ashy; second pair white, but generally half-yellowish towards the inner edge. Near London.” The Maele {L.Acerana, Stephens) “frequents hedges; first pair of wings oblong, blunt, dusky, with a somewhat arched streak at the base, an oblique club-shaped band in the middle, and a postenor patch on the upper edge, indistinct, and of darker tint.” Near London. The Afternoon (L. trifasciana, Stephens). “ Wings two- thirds of an inch : first pair with an incurved streak towards the base, an oblique club-shaped band in the middle, and a patch on j the upper edge between the band and the tip brown, from the patch proceeds a row of very close indistinct black spots; second pair brown, all the fringes whitish. Not common.” Near Lon¬ don. TheGrotian (L.grofiawff, Stephens). “ Wings seven to eight lines; first pair obtuse, dull brick-red, scattered over with small cross reddish lines, with a thick forked band extending a little beyond the middle, nearly to the tip of the upper edge; second pair brown.” Near London. The Saffron {L.croceana, Stephens). “Wings five lines one- half to nine lines one-half; first pair narrow, blunt, brick-red, with a very oblique band in the middle, and an anterior patch in the inner margin indistinct and darker.” Near London. The Red Cross (S. cntciana, Stephens) “appears in woods. Wings six lines one-half to seven lines; first pair ash-coloured, dusky at the base, and having a large terminal band-like form, which is marked with a red cross; second pair dusky. Uncom¬ mon.” Near London. The Grey Red Cross (L. cineraria, Stephens). According to Haworth, a vsiriety of L. cruciana. “ The anterior wings are ashy, and have a large terminal spot, which is strongly arched, somewhat interrupted, indistinct, and generally dusky.” The Holmian Stephens) “appears the end of August, in chalky districts. Wings six lines one-half to seven lines, rush-red, yellow, slightly ustulated, with an angular snow- white spot in the middle of the upper edge towards the tip, sprinkled with lead-colour; second pair dusky-” Near London. The Schrbberian {L. Schreberiana, Stephens.) Upper wings grey, with a white triangular spot on the margin. Near London. AMPHISA, (Curtis). The Pectinated (A. Gerningiana, Stephens.) The Walkerian {A. Walkeri, Curtis). DITULA (Stephens). The Narrow-WINGED Red-bar (II. angustiorana, Stephens) CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 159 “ frequents shrubby places. Wings six to eight lines, narrow, / oblong, blunt, smoky brick-red, with a patch at the base, and two oblique darker bands; second pair black.” Near London. The RouNn-Tip, (D.rotundana, STEvnENs ). “ Wings six lines, very bluntly rounded, smoke-coloured, with a patch at the base, and an oblique band in the middle brown; the first pair hav^ also an oblique band towards the hinder margin, which is not brown, but dusky-burnt coloured 3 second pair deep black. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Bright Oblique Dart (D. porpTiyriana, Stephens). “Wings three-fourths of an inch; glaucous-ash, glossy, with three oblique dusky-brown bands, theupperedge variously spotted with dusky-brown; the second pair pitch-black. Uncommon.” Near London. The Cloudeb Iron {D. nebulann, Stephens) “appears in q July, in woods. A mere variety of the preceding, but of dissimilar f colour. Wings three-fourths of an inch, slightly iron-grey, with three indistinct oblique darker bands. Not very common. Kent,” and near London. The Red Blotch-back {D.sylvana, Stephens). “Wings two- thirds of an inch, brick-red, with indistinct streaks and bands, a common snow-white blotch in the centre ; the second pair dusky- red. Very unfrequent.” Near London. The Barred Blotch-back (D. As.seclana, Stephens). “Wings three-fourths of an inch, dull ^ey, having three oblique darker streaks, and a shortish one, with a common square snow-white patch in the middle of the inner margin; second pair dusky. Uncommon.” Near London. The Ethiopi.an (D. Mthiopiana, Stephens). “ Wings three-fourths of an inch, black ; first pair with a few spots on the upper edge towards the hinder margin, and a short streak or patch on the posterior angle, the hinder margin itself and fringes pale red; second pair dusky. Very uncommon.” Near London. Tip Short-barred White (D. scriptana, Stephens). “ Wings eight lines one-half to nine lines, whitish, somewhat clouded, with a short black band in the middle of the upper edge, and the inner edge ash-coloured. Uncommon.” Near London. The Short-barred Grey (D. semifasciana, Stephens) “ ap¬ pears the end of August, on hedges. Wings eight lines one- half, ash-coloured, and clouded with black; the first pair having usually a short and somewhat dusky band at the base of the upper edge, and a second one very similar and broader in the middle of the upper edge, which do not reach the disc; second pair dusky. Very uncommon.” Kent. ANTITHESIA (Stephens). The Marbled Long-cloak (A. corficuwa, Stephens) “appears 160 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. the end of May ?—September, in woody places. Wings five- sixths of an inch; first pair anteriorly varied with white and black, and clouded, black in the middle, and posteriorly white; second pair dusky. Very unfrequent.” Kear London. ThisBihchLono-cloak (A. Betuletana, Stephens) “appears ihe middle of August, on birch-trees. Wings three-fourths to five-sixths of an inch, black, with deep clouds, and posteriorly white. Not abundant. Near Coombe Wood.” The Common Long-ci.oak (A. Mpunctana, Stephens) “ap¬ pears in summer, on hedges. Wings three-fourths to five sixths of an inch, black, with deep clouds, and indistinct brown patches; posteriorly white, slightly clouded with ashy. Very common.” Near London. The Lesser Long-cloak (A. Pruniana, Stephens) “appears in June > and occurs with the preceding, but is much less abun- dant. Wings seven lines one-half, black, indistinctly clouded with deep black, ashy, and pitch-coloured, with a broad inter¬ rupted white band at the hinder margin, this band in the first pair is interrupted in the middle by a black patch, and at the upper edge with three conspicuous black spots; second pair, dusky.” Near London. The Dingy Marbled (A. puUann, Stephens). “Wing.shalf an inch, smoke-black, with a medial band, a ’d the hinder margin black; second pair pitch-black. Very scarce.” The Bordered Long-cloak (A. marginana, Stephe.ns). “ Wings six lines two-thirds; first pair anteriorly obscure ash- coloured, towards the hinder margin with a pale yellow band, which has in the middle an ashy-grey patch, composed of from five to eight very close and minute black spots -, the second pair w'hitish, with a dusky margin. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Narrow Lono-cloak {A. ohlongnna, Stephens). “ Wings seven lines; first pair oblongate, black, anteriorly ob¬ scure ash-coloured, with a white .band towards the posterior margin. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Gentian {A. Gentianeeana, Stephens). “ Wings two- thirds of an inch, somewhat dusky, spotted with pitch-colour and black, posteriorly pale yellow dotted with black, with the hinder margin smoky; second pair pale dusky yellow. Uncom¬ mon.” Near London. The White Backed (A. Salicella, Stephens) “appears the middle of August, and frequents wiUows, where the catefpillar is found. Wings five-sixths of an inch, shut, half white on the back, with the upper edge black and clouded with deeper shades and pale sky-blue; second psiir black, or nearly jet-black.” Near London. SPILONOTA (Stephens). The Cloudy White (S. nubiferana, Stephens) “ appears the CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 161 middle of June, on hedges. Wings eight lines and a half; first pair bone white, somewhat clouded with ashy-grey, having a broad black fillet reaching from the base to the middle; second pair dusky. Very unfrequent. Near London. The Black Cloaked (S. Stephens) “occurs in gardens. Wings nine lineg and a half; first pair bone white, with the base and hinder margin black; second paii- dusky. Near London.” The Brown Cloaked (S. aquana, Stephens) “found in gar¬ dens. Wihgs nine lines and a half; first pair ashy-white, with a band at the base, a posterior patch on the inner edge, and the tip dusky; second pair dusky.” Not common. Near London. The Triple Blocthed {S-trimaculana, Stephens) “frequents hedges. Wings seven lines and a half; first pair dusky, some¬ what clouded with black, with two common whitish blotches, and a smaller interjacent one on the upper edge; second pair dusky.” Near London. The Whitefoot (S.fanella, Stephens). “ Wings nine lines to thirteen lines, dusky brown, posteriorly ash-coloured, with a large medial hook-shaped white band. Very uncommon. Near Wisbeach, Kent, and Norfolk.” The Tawny Blotch-back {S.rmticiim, Stephens) “appears the end of August, on hedges. Wings two-thirds of an inch, tawny-ash, clouded, with a common rhomboidal white spot in the middle, the upper edge with minute black linelets, and three or four very minute black spots, disposed transversely in the middle of the hinder border; second pair dusky, with whitish fringes. Not abundant.” Near London. The Pfluoian (S. Pjfwgiana, Stephens). “ Wings ten Unes and a half, dusky, clouded, with two white half bands, which are partly confiuent in the inner margin; second pair dusky and shining. Very rare.” Near London. The Strsemian {S. Striemiana, Stephens). “Wings eight lines, dusky brick-red, with two whitish half bands, sometimes tinged with yellow on the inner margin; second pair dusky and shining.” Near London. The Trige.minian (S. trigeminana, Stephens). Near Lon¬ don. The Brown Blotch-back {S.sticticana, Stephens) “appears in August, (!) on hedges. Wings seven lines and a half to nine lines and a half, dusky, clouded, with a white angular patch in the middle, and a second one terminal, ash-coloured on the inner margin, and with four or six white twin spots on the upper edge towards the hinder margin. Near London. The Lesser Blotch-back (S. costipunctana, Stephe.ns). “Wings half an inch, varied with dusky and ash-colour, with the upper edge posteriorly white, with seven very close black spots, and a white patch in the middle vf the inner margin. Very un¬ common. Norfolk.” 162 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Square Blotch-back (S. tetragonana, Stephens). Near London. The Black-edged Marble {S. nigricostam, Stephens). " Wings half an inch; first pair obtuse, usually smoke black, vpith a large whitish-ash patch in the middle of the back; second pair black, with dusky fringes. Very rarg.” Near London. The Scorched BLUNT-wiNG(S.Rsfwiaraa, Stephens). “Wings five lines and a half, smoky, with a band, and the hinder margin burnt black, with two tawny spots on the upper edge; second pair and all the fringes deep black.” Norfolk and near London, The Crea.u Short Cloak (S. comitana, Stephens). “Wings i seven lines, banded with whitish and black, with from three to five close deep black minute lines towards the hinder margin. Common on hedges.” Near London. The Brown-bordered (—. dorsajia, Stephens) “appearsthe beginning of spring, (March ?) on oaks. Wings seven lines; first pair dusky, slightly clouded with ash-colour, with a com¬ mon very indistinct ashy central crescent, in which is an obscure dusky streak, the upper edge with numerous whitish spots, fringes ashy; second pair whitish, with a dusky border, and the fringes very white. Very uncommon.” Near London. PSEUDOTOMIA (Stephens). The Obscure Silver Bar (P. obscurana, Stephens). Neat London. The Grey Silver Bar (P. fratemana, Stephens) “appearsii April, (?) on hedges. Wings half an inch; firstpair rather Ion? and grey, with an indistinct silvery ashy band before, ands second oblique behind the middle.” Near London. The Black Border (P. atromargana, Stephens) “appears the beginning of June, (?) on oaks. Wings five lines to six lines and a half, ash-coloured, clouded with dusky, with a common white patch, and indistinct somewhat silvery streaks. NdL abundant.” Near London. ? The Light Silver Stripe (P. Strobilella, Stephens) “appears! the beginning of May. Wings four lines to five lines; first pair | / with an indistinct broad silvery streak towards the anterior | ^ margin, a second more conspicuous in the middle, and a thiri f interrupted towards the hinder margin; in the middle of tie | last streak is a spot, or cross black line, then two or three very; minute marginal black spots towards the posterior angle.” Neat. London. ; The Silver Blotch Back (P. sequana, Stephens) “appears the beginning of May; (?) on hedges. Wings four lines and a half; first pair with very short white streaks posteriorly on tie, upper edge, and other angular cross silvery and yellow streaks, three very minute black spots also arranged crosswise on tire. L CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 163 hinder margin towards the posterior angle, and a large common silvery patch in the middle of the inner margin; second pair pitch black. Very rare.” Near London. The Petiverian (P.Petiverella, Stefreks). “Wings five lines and a half to six lines, dark tawny, with a common patch in the middle of a pale golden hue, and strongly crescent-shaped; the upper edge posteriorly streaked with lead-colour and golden; the fringes lead-coloured and shining. Not very common.” Near London. The Trimmer (P. concinnana. Stephens). Very rare. The Plain Silver Fringe (P. simpliciana, Stephens). “Wings seven lines, blunt, pale dusky, with shortish streaks on the upper edge towards the posterior margin, three very minute cross black marginal spots towards the posterior angle ; second pair dusky; the fringes of all of a bright silvery tint in certain positions.” Near London. The Jacquinian (P. J'acg’mmana, Stephens). “Wingsseven lines, tawny, with a common patch in the centre, of a deep gol¬ den tint and crescent fonn ; the upper edge with tawny streaks towards the hinder margin. Not abundant.” Near London. The Plain Gold-fringed (P. strigana, Stephens). “Wings six lines to six lines and a half, somewhat retuse, tawny, with very short rust-red and silvery streaks on the upper edge to ■ wards the hinder margin, and the fringes of a brilliant gold- colour in certain positions.” Near London. The Purple Black (P. afroptajparawa, Stephens). “ Wings five lines and a half; first pair of a bright purplish black, with the fringes white, and of a splendid silvery tint in a certain light; second pair dusky, with the upper edge snow white, but towards the tip the snow white colour appears sensibly tarnished.” Very rare. Near London. The Black Stripe Edge (P. nigricana, Stephens) appears the end of August, on hedges. Wings six lines and a half, glossy and pitch black; first pair with numerous oblique white and black streaks prettily disposed on the upper edge, and par¬ ticularly behind the middle; in the middle of the hinder border are two or three contiguous deep black small lines in a row, all of which at intervals reflect a golden tint in certain directions of light; second pair rather darker; all the fringes pale, shining, and usually silvery when viewed in particular positions. Pale Brown Stripe Edge (P. proximana, Stefsbns). Win^ half an inch, all pale dusky or ash-coloured and glossy; tetpair, in some lights, rather indistinctly tinged with gold, with tne upper edge very finely sfreaked with white tawnyish; second father darker. Very rare.” Near London. don”'^ Edge (P puncticostana, Stephens. Near Lon- ThkTraunian (P.Trauniana, Stephens). “ Wings six lines M 2 164 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. and a half, all deep black; first pair with a common spheroidal patch in the middle, and with six oblique yeUow-white streaks on the upper edge towards the hinder margin. Very uncom¬ mon.” Near London. Thb Pigmy Y. (P. populana, Stephens) “ appears in Septem¬ ber, on nettles. Wings four lines to six lines, all deeply black, with the upper edge posteriorly dotted with golden, deep-black, and very pure white; with a white Greek Lambda (\) in the middle of the inner edge. Far from common.” Near London. The Tbianoi.b (P. trigonana, Stephens). Near London. The Ledian (P. Lediwna, Stephens). “Wings four lines one- half to five lines one-half, very obtuse, purplish black, and indis¬ tinctly clouded with dusky. Not common.” Near London. The Co.mpanion (P. comitana, Stephens). Near London. The Gundian (P GMndiaw/i, Stephens). “Wings three- fourths of an inch, pitch-black, with streaks on the upper edge towards the hinder margin, and a common triple-striped patci in the middle, all silvery; second pair deep black.” Mr. Hawortt doubts that this is a mere sexual difference of P. compositelk from which it differs only in the colour of the second pair oi wings. The Triple Stripe Blotch-back (P. compnsitella, Sts- PHENs) “ appears the end of May (?) on oaks. Wings three linei and a half to four lines and a half, black, with three pretty duskf streaks on the upper edge towards the hinder margin, andi silvery triple-striped patch in the middle; second pair snowi- white, posteriorly black. Not common.” Near London. The Single-stripe Blotch-back (P. darsann, Stephen, “ Wings one-third of an inch; first pair pitch-black, with obliq# black and silvery streaks on the upper edge towards the hinds margin; a silvery spot on the margin itself; in the middled the inner edge a somewhat oblique square oblong silvery paid in wliich is a prettyish black stripe ; second pair white, posteri¬ orly dusky. Very imcommon.” Near London. ThbDoubleOrange Spot, (P.aMraraa, Stephens) “frequent- flowers. Wings five lines and a half, all black; first pair withi common obtuse crescent in the middle, and a large round patct in the middle of the hinder msirgin, golden orange. Uncom¬ mon.” Near London. The Dark Silver Stripe {P . nitidana, Stephens) “appears the beginning of May, on hedges. Wings one-third of an inch. K all black; first pair with a central silvery-ashy bandlet, in wliid is a very slender dusky stripe, and with very short black and silvery lines on the upper edge towards the hinder margiiii second pair deep black. Not common.” Near London. ?. STEGANOPTYCHA (Stephens). ' The Square-barred Single Dot (S. tetraquetram, Sts-; CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 165 PHBNs) "appears in spring amongst furze. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch, grey, with a rhomboidal band at the base, and poste¬ rior spot towards the inner margin, dusky; second pair pale dusky, darker at the tip. ” Near London. The Marbled Single Dot (S. unipunctana, Stephens) “found with the foregoing. Wings six lines to seven and a half lines, ashy-grey, clouded, with a rhomboidal band at the base, and a posterior dot towards the upper edge dusky; second pair dusky.” Near London. The Angle-barred Single Dot (S. triquetrana, Stephbn.s) “ has haunts similar to the preceding. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch, grey, with a triangular dusky-ashy band at the base, and a dusky posterior dot towards the inner edge : second pair brown or dusky.” Near London. The Angle-striped Single Dot (S. angulana, Stephens). “Wings seven-twelfths of an inch, reddish, with numerous some¬ what rectangular darker evanescent streaks behind the middle, a slightly waved, obscure, brown-clouded band at the base, and a brown dot towards the posterior angle; second pair pale dusky. Not common.” Near London. The Bceberian (S. B<eberana, Stephens). “ Wings seven- twelfths of an inch, ash-coloured, with a large common spear- shaped black streak, reaching from the base to behind the mid¬ dle. Not common.” Near London. TheBlotch-backed Grey(Z,. Rubiana, Stephens) “ appears in August in woody places. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch ; first pair ash-coloured, minutely clouded with black, with the upper edge striped with black and white ; the tip with a round ustulated spot; in the middle a common red somewhat oval¬ shaped patch, with a black border; second pair dusky. Not common.” Near London. The Pointed Bar (S. cuspidana, Stephens). “Wings one-half of an inch; first pair red in the middle, with a large sind rather indistinct speaur-like band at the base, which is black at the point, the hinder margin with a broad ash-black border.” Supposed by Haworth to be a mere variety. Near London. The Spotted Ked (S. stietana, Stephens). “Wings half an inch; first pair red, with small scattered blsick clouds or blotches; second pair dusky. Probably a mere variety. Not common.” Near London. The Square Bar (S. rhombifasniana, Stephens). Closely allied to the foregoing, with which it is found. “ Win^ seven- twelfths of an inch, ash-coloured, clouded posteriorly with black, with a black trapeziform band at the base, and a reddish spot in the middle of tlie inner edge, as in S. Rubiana; second pair dusky.” Near London. The Mottled Grey (S. cineraria, Stephens). “ Very similar to the preceding, but scarcely a variety. Appears the end of August, in woody places. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch; first CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. pair ashy, marbled with brown, towards the hinder margin an indistinctly blind and somewhat silver eyelet, having a brown iris; second pair dusky. Very rare.” Near London. ANCHYLOPERA (Stephens). The Variable Red (A. retusana, Stephens). “Wings six lines and a half, refuse, red, with a common ash-coloured spot in the middle, the upper edge obliquely streaked with white. Com¬ mon in woody places.” Near London. The Red Hook-tip {A. subuncana, Stephens). “ Wings six lines and a half, somewhat tailed, red, with a darker straight half¬ band at the base of the inner edge, and margined posteriorly with W'hite. Frequents woody places.” Near London. The Blunt-winged Blotch-back {A. obtusana, Stephens). “ Wings five lines and a half, obtuse, red, with an irregular ashy band, bordered with white nmning wavingly from the back to the posterior angle; the upper edge of the first pair numerously striated with white and red, with a red spot edged with white and red, with a red spot edged with white at the tip. In woods.” Near London. THEHooK-TipBLOTCH-BACK(A.Mnc«fa»ia, Stephens). “Wings seven lines and a half, tailed, ash-coloured, with a large common bumt-red patch at the base, and another red posteriorly on the upper edge, slightly girdled with white. Woods.” Near London. The Lundian (A. Lundana, Stephens). “ Wings seven lines, tailed, pale, posteriorly tawny, with a rectangular golden streak towards the anal angle, behind which are various, very short, oblique, somewhat silvery streaks on the upper edge, with a very large common somewhat burnt-coloured chestnut brown patch towards the middle of the base; second pair dusky. In woods." Not common. Near- London. The Broken-bar (A. fractifasciana, Stephen.s). “ Wings yellovdsh, with two interrupted dusky-brown hands, and a row of brownish spots towards the hinder margin. Uncommon.” Near London. The Hook-tipped Streak (A. siewfawa, Stephens). Wings seven lines and ahalf, having hook-shaped tails, ashy-red; the first pair with a white streak at the base, nearly to the tip, and another in the middle, dusky, interrupted, to the tip, edged with numerous oblique dark lines; second pair pale dusky. Uncommon.” Near London. The Festoon Pigmy (A. diminutana, Stephens). “ Wings half an inch; first pair somewhat tailed, red, with a broad waved ashy fiOdet through aU the inner margin, which fillet is separated from the red part by a distinct waved w'hitish streak; second pair ashy-brown. Uncommon.” Near London. The Torchlet [A. funalana, Stephens). Very rare. Near London. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 16 ' The Bridge (.4. uncana, Stephens). “ Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair tailed, brown, with the upper edge streaked pos- teriorly with white, and the tip longish, acute, and rather re¬ curved; in the middle of the thinner margin, an arch, or large hemispherical patch, ash-coloured, and a second at the posterior angle almost confluent with the former; second pair pale dusky. Uncommon.” Near London. V' The Double Arch (J. liarcuana, Stephens). Very rare. PHOXOPTERIS (Trbitschke). The Hooked Marble {Ph. harpana, Curtis). “Wings two- thirds of an inch, somewhat acutely tailed, white, slightly clouded with black, with the back half black and half ash-coloured. Uncommon in hedges.” Near London. THEBEAUTiFULMARBLE(PA.nig')-omacMfana,CuRTis). “Wings half an inch; first pair snow-white, ashy at the tips, with various minute black dots on the upper edge, a small black patch before, and another behind the middle; two large black patches on the inner margpn, the first angular before the middle, and, as it were, two-fold, the other larger and almost at the posterior angle acutely conical; second pair deep brown. Very imcom- mon.” Near London. The Snow Short-cloak {Ph. rusvana, Curtis). Near Lon¬ don. The White Short-cloak {Ph. sociana, Curtis). “ Wings seven-twelfths of an inch, with white and black bands, the tip itself brown, with a round spot, the forehead and tips of the palpi snowy-white. Frequents shrubberies. Unfrequent.” Near London. The Marbled Short-cloak {Ph. incarnana, Curtis) “ap¬ pears in September, on heaths. Wings five lines one-half, varie¬ gated with white, black, and ashy, with a distinct black spot towards the hinder margin, before a small waved ashy blotch.” The Paykullian {Ph. PaylciUliana, Curtis) “appears the end of March. Wings half an inch, hoary-white, clouded with ash-colour, black at the base, with a ve^ slender black cross line or blotch on the hinder part of the wings towards the tip. Rare. Darenth Wood.” The Double Crescent {Ph. sesquiiunana, Curtis). “ Wings half an inch; white, clouded, and with black lines, with a brown spot at the tip, common black crescent, and another brown; second pair dusky. Common on beech.” Near London. The Retuse Marble {Ph. subocellana, Curtis) “appears the beginning of July, about hedges. Wings five inches and a half; A retuse, whitish, ashy at the base, posteriorly with a lead-coloured patch, girdled with black, in an ashy band, the upper edge black, obliquely lineated, tip with a brown spot edged with black; second pair dusky, with the fringes silky whitish.” Near London. ’ CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. ThbObtusbMarblk {Ph. Asseclana, Curtis). “Wings five lines and a half, obtuse, whitish, posteriorly brown, with a some¬ what silvery eye-like patch; all the margin ash-coloured, the tip with a round pitchy spot. Unfrequent.” Near London. The Mittbrbachiam (Ph. Mitterbacheriana) “appears in summer, on hedges. Wings six lines and a half to seven lines, brick-red, clouded, with whitish streaks on the upper edge, and a rectangular band. Very abundant.” Near London. SEMASIA (Stephens). The Codling (L. Pomonella, Stephens) “ appears the middle of June, common in gardens. Wings three-fourths of an inch ; first pair brownish ash, with dark and very indistinct streaks, and a large somewhat blind eyelet towards the hinder margin, nearly at the anal angle, having a brighter iris, and being of a golden-red; second pair black, darker at the tip.” Near London. The Splendid Codling (S. Spletidana, Stephens). Near London. The Smoky Marble (S. grossana, Stephens). “Wings eight lines and a half, smoky-ash, with an oblique ashy-white band in the middle, before the black obscure blotch at the posterior angle; second pair with brown fringes. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Wceberian (S. Wceberiana, Stephens) “ appears in sum¬ mer, about hedges and gardens. Wings six lines one-half to eight lines; first pair very beautiful, obliquely streaked with golden, silvery, and tawny, with a somewhat eye-like patch at the posterior angle, indistinctly bordered with golden, and marked with lines instead of a pupil, with the fringes gold- coloured in certain positions; second pair pitch-black. Com¬ mon.” Near London. The Rhbedian (S. Rheediella, Stephens). “Wings half an inch; first pair from the base behind the middle semi-brown, posteriorly with four different gold-coloured streaks; second pair dusky, posteriorly yellowish. Far from common.” Near London. TheLioht Striped Edge (S.laneeolarM, Stephens) “appears in spring. Wings one half to seven-twelfths of an inch, pale ash-coloured, with the upper edge streaked with white and yel¬ low, with a somewhat eye-like silvery patch towards the hinder margin. Common.” Near London. The Yellow Striped Edge (S. Hypericana, Stephens). “Wings half an inch, tawny-yeUow, with darker and paler streaks on the upper edge, and a somewhat eye-like patch towards the posterior tmgle; second pair darker. Very unfre- quent.” Near London. The Beautiful Crescent (S. perlepidana, Stephens) “ ap¬ pears in spring, on hedges. Wings five lines one-half; first pair varied with yellow and brown, the upper edge prettily streamed CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 169 with brown and silvery, a somewhat silvery crescent on the back (of the wings), including between its horns a brown patch, fringes in certain lights very glossy and gold-coloured; second pair dusky.” Very rsire. Near London. The Wor.mwood Eyelet (,S. pupillana, Stephens). “Wings seven lines one-half; first pair whitish, ashy at the base, with an oblique band before, and a second behind the middle, and towards the posterior angle an indistinct eye-like patch, and from one to three spots on the tip of a somewhat olive colour, second pair dusky; aU the fringes white.” The Fulvous-Sbalbd {S.fulpuna, Stephens). “Wings five- sixths of an inch; first pair slightly tawny, with numerous oblique short, whitish, and tavray streaks on the upper edge, the tip acute, near the posterior angle an eye-like patch, hav¬ ing an interrupted silvery iris, with about three interrupted black lines in the place of pupils; second pair darker. Occurs in meadows. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Hoary Sealed (S. cana, Stephens) “ appears in sum¬ mer, is very simUar to the preceding, but differs in colours; wings three-fourths of an inch, hoary, slightly clouded with tawny, the spots on the upper edge are more silvery, the eye¬ like patch towards the posterior angle more silvery and uninter¬ rupted, with three less interrupted pupillary lines -, second pair dusky. Found in meadows, and more abundant.” Near London. The Scopolian (S. Scopoliana, Stephens). “ Wings seven- twelfths to two-thirds of an inch, brownish-red, with a common ashy patch in the middle, and another more obscure at tlie pos¬ terior angle. Near London. The Rufous Arch (S. rufana, Stephens) . CARPOCAPSA (Trbitschke). TheArched (C. arcuana, Curtis). “ Wings seven-twelfths of an inch, yellow, with three arched bands, a black three-cornered patch, and two small lines silvery. Uncommon.” Near London. APHELIA (Stephens). The Dusty Drab (A. egenana, Stephens). “ Wings seven lines and a half; first pair dull reddish, posteriorly, with very few mi¬ nute brown dots; second pair duskyish-white. Very unfreciuent.” Near London. The SpottedDrab {A.pauperana, Stephens). “Wings seven inches and a-half; first pair obliquely abrupt, dullish-red, with brown dots. Occurs amongst bulrushes.” Near London. The Lesser Drab (A. egestana, Stephens). “ Found with the preceding, to which it has great resemblance, but its an¬ tennae are shorter and more slender; wings seven-twelfths of an 170 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS, inch; first pair reddish, obliquely abrupt, without spots, and the hinder margin blackish j second pair dusky, with reddish-white fringes. The difference between this and the preceding is per¬ haps only sexual.” Near London. The Broad-streaked Drab {A.plagana, Stephens) “Wings seven lines and a-half j first pair red, somewhat obliquely abrupt, with a very broad complete blackish patch, which nearly occu¬ pies a third part of the wing; second pair dusky, with paler streaks. Palpi large, and very hairy.” Near London. The Pale Drab (A. expallidana, Stephens). “ Wings half an inch, pale, lucent, with a tinge of yellow towards the upper edge of the first pair. Palpi more curved downwards. Very uncommon.” Near London. CNEPHASIA (Curtis). The Dotted Drab (C. gMadi-ipMncfana, Curti”''. “Wings, five sixths of an inch, rather long, dull yellowish, glossy, with four brown remote spots disposed in a square, and some brown dots posteriorly, the fringes sUky white; second pair duU lead- colour, shining with larger white silken fringes. Norfolk. ’ ’ The Lent (C. Cantiana, Curtis). The Penzian {C.bellana, Curtis). The Eight-Dotted (C. octomaculana, Curtis). TheLono-wingbd (C. longana, Curtis) “ frequents meadows. Wings three fourths to five-sixths of an inch; first pair rather long, roundish at the tip, ashy-white, with about three irregu¬ larly confiuent cross brown patches before the middle, and other three towards the hinder margin, near the tip chequered with dusky; second pair whitish. Not common.” Near London. The Yellow Drab (C. ictericana, Stephens). “Wings two- thirds of an inch, dull yellowish, without spots. Occurs in meadows.” Near London. The Wavy Drab (C. sinuana, Stephens). Near London. The Indistinct Drab (C. obsoletana, Stephens). Near London. The Large Grey Elm (C. assinana, Curtis). “Wings five- sixths of an inch, whitish-ash, with brown bands, and a part of a band. Rare.” Near London. The Lesser Grey Elm (C. iwferyecfaraa, Curtis). “Wings three-fourths of an inch; first pair whitish, with numerous black somewhat confluent dots, an oblique unangulated brown band at the base, and another complete, reaching from the middle of the upper edge to nearly the posterior angle; second pair pale brownish. More scarce than the preceding.” Near London. The Logian (C. Logiaraa, Curtis). “Very common about elms. Wings one-half to two-thirds of an inch; first pair ashy, with three wavy brown black dotted bands.” Near London. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 171 The Straight-barred Elm (C. recti/asciana, Curtis). “Pound with the former, but not so abundant. Wings one-half to seven-twelfths of an inch, white, clouded with ashy-grey, with three straight bands of an ashy-brick red colour, and very much dotted with black.” Near London. The Gold Banded (C. aurifasciana, Stephens). Near London. The Rbsinian (C. Resinella, Stephens). Near London. ORTHOTiENIA (Stephens). The S.moky Grey (Or.nubilana, Curtis). “Frequent in sum¬ mer, on hedges. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch, obtuse, ashy- black, with a band and streaks of a deeper tint.” Near London. The Deep Brown (Or. perfuscana, Haworth?). Similar to the preceding in size, or larger and distinct; the palpi longer; antennae reddish and more slender; abdomen dusky. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch; first pair of a uniform black, and without spots; second pair brownish. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Blotched Drab (Or. quadrimaculana, Stephens). “ Wings nine lines and a half; first pair abrupt, reddish, or pale, with atingeof red, with various dusky spots, disposed lengthways in the middle, the upper edge indistinctly dotted with dusky; second pair pale red. Kent. Not common.” Near London. The Straight-barred (Or. fasciana, Stephens) “appears the middle of June on hedges. Wings seven lines and a half to nine lines and a half, red brown, somewhat clouded, with a straight darker band in the middle.” Near London. The Barred Nettle (Or. Urticana, Stephens) “frequently occurs on nettles. Wings three-fourths of an inch ; first pair ashy, with a straight brown or brownish-red band at the base, a second in the middle, straight, large, and broader at the inner margin, a third small, paler, and evanescent near the hinder margin, and not reaching to the upper edge, brown dots and lines posteriorly on the upper edge; second pair brown.” Near London. The Silver Dotted (Or. micana, Stephens). “Wings seven lines and a-half, very similar to the foregoing, from which it seems to differ only, in having some very minute scattered dots of a silvery tint in certain positions, and having a streak of sil¬ very dots behind the second band; second pair darker than in the last.” Near London. The Silver Striped (Or. undulana, Stephens). “ Wings seven-twelfths of an inch, very similar to the preceding, but smaller; first pair of redder hue, with a second band, broken on the outer edge towards the inner margin, a third, dusky- brown band, not evanescent, all the bands in particular situa¬ tions, more or less margined with silvery; second pair brown. Uncommon.” Near London. 172 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Marbled Doc’s Tooth (Or. marmorana, Stephens). “Wings seven lines and a-half; first pair ashy, with a broad nnan- gulated band at the base, a second very short in the middle of the upper edge, and a third rather short, and nearly opposite, but situated more posteriorly at the inner margin, dusky-brown, the tip brown, with an oblique white streak passing through the upper edge j second pair pale dusky. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Indefinite {Or. obsoletana, Stephens). Near London. The Twin Streak (Or, bistrigana, Stephens). Near Lon¬ don. The Sii.ver Marbled (Or. Pinetana, Stephens) “appears in July. Wings two-thirds of an inch > first pair varied with sil¬ very and yellow, having a broad straight band at the base, a larger one in the middle, and a third at the hinder border, all the bands marbled with silvery, yellow, and brown; second pair brown. Very uncommon.” Norfolk. The Red Barred Grey (Or. poKfawa, Stephens). “Wings six lines and a-half; first pair shining, somewhat glaucous, with a broad oblique stripe of brown at the base, an oblique wavy brown band in the middle, and a second, behind and broken, extending in an oblique direction from the upper edge to the posterior angle ; second pair brownish. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Dark-barred Grey {Or. fuligana, Stephens). “Wings six lines one half. Very similar to the Straight Barred Elm, having the bands black without dots, and the second oblique and perfect, behind which are dusky clouds, and three conspi¬ cuous black dots, rather margined with whitish on the upper edge; second pair brownish. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Beautiful Grey (Or. pulchellana, Stephens). Wings half an inch; first pair obtuse, hoary, with a large oblique unangulated brown band at the base, second strong, wavy, drawn from the middle of the upper edge nearly to the posterior angle, in wliich, in the middle of the wing, is a tawny spot, the third band is composed of a semi-oval patch on the upper edge, and another opposite, pear-shaped, which almost reaches the inner margin, fringes brown, or black towards the tip of the wing; second pair lead-coloured, with snow-white fringes. Ex¬ ceedingly rare.” Near London. The Double-barred Orange (Or. bifasciana, Stephens). Wings five lines and a half; first pair yellowish, or yellow, mi¬ nutely striped with tawny, with a broad anterior, and rather oblique brown band, and a second pear-shaped on the hinder margin, and dilating towards the upper edge; second pair brown, the upper edge ash-coloured at the base near the first band. Very rare.” Near London. The Gold Barred (Or. aurofasciana, Stephens) closely re¬ sembling the preceding. Wings five lines and a half, ashy-brown, CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 173 with two straight bands in the middle, and two posterior cross spots, obsciu'ely tinged with golden; second pair brownish. Very rare.” Near London. The Mottled BRAN,(Or. pwr/urawa, Stephens). “Wings seven-twelfths of an inch, dull reddish-grey, clouded, with irre¬ gular dusky-brown patches. Very unfrequent.” Kent. The Paint Silver STRivEoXOr. subsequana, Stephens) “ap¬ pears in April (?) Wings long, grey, lucent, with a brown spot at the tip, and three very slender, contiguous, black lines or stripes at the hinder margin and near the posterior angle; second pair whitish, silvery, with a broad spread of brown at the tip, fringes large; fringes of the first pair large, ashy, and very shining.” Near London. TheHastian (Or. JTosfmna, Stephens). “Wings seven lines and a half; first pair greyish-black, with asnow-white band in the middle, rather oblique internally, and on its outer edge bearing an obtuse prominent notch. The Cock’s Head ( - eommunana , Stephens). “Occurs on trunks of trees. Wings seven lines to seven and a-half, varie- ^ted with black, brown, ashy, white or greenish, with a patch in the middle of the inner margin resembling a cock’s head. Very uncommon.” Near London. PCECILOCHROMA (Stephens). The Udmanian (P. Udmanniana , Stephens). “ Wings two- thirds of an inch, ash-coloured, with numerous indistinct stripes, a small, common, somewhat oval, chestnut-brown patch,; bor¬ dered with white towards the hinder margin; second pair pale brownish.” Not common. Near London. The Sparmannian (P. Sparmanniana , Stephens). “Wings nine lines and a-half to ten lines ; first pair with the Greek capital lambda (A) in the middle, broadly marked, slightly interrupted towards the upper edge, and of a rust-red brown, behind the latter a spot of the same colour towards the tip; second pair brown. Very uncommon. Near London. The Solandrian (P. Solandriana , Stephens) “appears in -Vugust, in woody places. Wings eight lines and a half to nine lines, pale, with a large common patch of a rust-red colour. Not common.” Near London. The Black Double Blotched fP. maculana , Stephens) “ appears the end of September, on shrubs. Wings five-sixths of an inch, deep brown, with black clouds, an obscure blackish- brown patch before the middle of the inner margin, and a second near the posterior angle; second pair brown and shining. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Demi dusky (P. semifuscana, Stephens). Near London. The Shining Pitch (P. piceana, Stephens) “ appears in Sep • 174 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. tember, on heaths. Wings nine lines and a half, all bright; first pair pitch-black and without spots: second pair pale and duskv.” Near London. •' The Great Doubi.e Bar(P. maurana, Stephens). “Wings eleven tines one-twelfth; first pair pale brownish, or ash-coloured with the upper edge indistinctly dotted with brown, a large brown band at the base, rather waved on its outer edge, and a second behind the middle, waved on both edges; second pah- brown, all the fringes pale. Very rare.” Near London. PTYCHOLOMA (Stephens). The Lechean (P. Lecheana, Stephens) appears the end of June, in woody places. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch to three-fourths; first pair olive-brown, -with the characters JL inscribed in silver colour.” Near London. EUCHROMIA, (Stephens). The Purple {E. purpurana, Stephens). “ Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair bright purple, fringes of the same colour, wth the upper edge pale and thickly sprinkled with purplish dots I second pair with the fringes brown. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Tawny-dotted {E. fulvipunctana, Stephens). “ Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair obtuse, of a dull reddish-brown, and posteriorly marked with indistinct tawny-red dots; second pair brown, with whitish fringes. Perhaps a variety of the pre¬ ceding. Very rare.” Norfolk. LOPHODERUS (Stephens). The Yellow-barred Iron {l^ vninistranus, Stephens) occws in woods. Wings three-fourths of an inch; first pair mst-brown, with the upper edge from the base to the tip, and a band towards the hinder margin, yellowish, the hinder margin and fringes rust-brown; second pair brown, with pale fringes. Not common.” Npsr Tjinrfrvn ° Near London. The Banded Iron (i. subfasciara, Stephens). SARROTHRIPUS (Curtis.) July and in December, in woods. Wings one inch; first pair shinmg, whitish, clouded, with indistinct waved brown stripes, and e^vated spots, a large tawny spot in the place of the ante- nor stigma, ^ m Noetuie:’ Supposed by many, Mr. Haworth observes, to be a variety of the Large Holly (S. fricawMS). Very uncommon. Near London. Brown (S. dihitanus, Curtis). “Wings eleven- twelfths of an inch; first pair pale ashy, with a red patch at the CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 175 base of the upper edge, and another, triple as large, and longer in the middle of the thicker margin, at the bottom of the last an indistinct red spot, occupying the place of the anterior stigma as in Noctuce, and in the foregoing; between this spot and the hinder ma.rgin an indistinct waved streak of black dots, and on the margin itself another streak of very minute black dots. Perhaps a mere variety of the Large Holly (S. lUcamts). Nor¬ folk. Near London. The Afzelian (S. Afzelianus, Curtis) “appears the end of May, and perhaps a second time in autumn, or during the win- ter. Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch, brown, with a band at the base, and a three-cornered patch in the middle of the upper edge, with a few elevated black spots. Found in groves. Per¬ haps a mere variety of the Large Holly (S. Ilicanm). Very rare.” Near London. The Lathamiav (S. Lathamianns, Curtis). “Head and palpi above, snow-white. Wings ten lines and a-half; first pair pale brick-red, with the base and tip black with raised spots, a cen¬ tral bandlet with scales, and of a rust-brovm hue. A mere variety of the Large Holly, (S. IKcamcs).” Near London. The Large Holly (S. Ilicanus, Curtis) “appearsthe begin¬ ning of August, in groves. Wings one inch; first pair broad, ^hy-brown, generally wavy, before the middle two approximat¬ ing brown spots, then a solitary, central, deep black dot, towards the hinder margin two or three approximating brown spots, a streak of brown dots on the margin itself; second pair ash- coloured.” Not common. Near London. The Branched Holly (S. ramosanus, Curtis). Near London. The Stonanian (S. Stonanus, Curtis). Very rare. PERONEA (Curtis). The Rusty Button (P. profanana, Curtis) “ appears in Octo- ber, in woods. Wings nine lines and a-half; first pair ashy-grey, wth the upper edge somewhat hollow, the thicker border at the base, middle, and tip, ustulated, just before the middle an eleva¬ ted and very singular bandlet of ustulated dart-shaped spots, besides some minute dirty contiguous dots, and some of a larger s^e towards the hinder margin; second pair brown.” Very rare. Near London. The Brown Button (P. striana, Curtis). “Wingsfive-sixths Of an inch; first pair deep brown, withnwo smaU snowy-white ttots on the hinder part of the upper edge, a large elevated spot lb the middle, and minute cross dots near the posterior angle, brown, a broad ashy streak on the inner margin; second pair pale brownish. Very unfrequent.” Near London. The Sub Brown Button (P. mbstriana, Stephens). Near London. The Plain Brown Button (P. brunneana, Stephens). Near 176 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The Fillet Brown' Button (P. mttana, Stephens). Neat ] London. 1 TheBay-shoulderbd Button (P. spadieeana, Curtis) “ ap. pears in January, and perhaps in autumn and during the winter. Wings three-fourths of an inch; first pair dusky-brown, scarlet red from the base behind the middle, with a large elevated black spot in the middle. Very rare.” Coombe Wood. The Consimilar (P. consimilana, Stephens). Near London. The Desfontainian (P. Dw/orafmman, Stephens). “Wings five-sixths of an inch; first pair somewhat bro-wn, the upper edge with a dusky border, very much rounded at the base, and rather hollow in the middle, a broad stripe or fillet, reaching from the base to the middle, of a golden-orange colour, and ter¬ minating in another very slender streak, which runs to the pos¬ terior angle; second pair whitish. Occurs in woods. Very unfrequent.” Near London. The Tawny Crest [P.fulvocristana, Stephens). The White Fillet (P. albovit(a?ia, Stephens). The Tawny Fillet [P. fulvovitiana, Stephens). The Cry.stalinb (P. crystalana, Curtis). “Wings; first pair yellow-brown with dark shades, a broad irregular white mark and a tuft on the centre, with a short white streak at the tip; second pair brown; head and corselet white; abdomen brown¬ ish. Near London.” The Sub-Fillet (P. subvittana, Stephens). The White Button (P. emfawa. Stephens). “Wings eight lines and a half; first pair bro-wn, with an elevated spot in the middle, and a broad streak at the inner margin snow-white, near the hinder margin, especially towards the posterior angle, some elevated cross snow-white dots; second pair pale brownish; head, palpi, and corselet, snowy-white.” Uncommon. The White Dot (P. albipunctana, Haworth). The Dark Streaked Button (P. umhrana, Curtis). “Wings two-thirds of an inch, greyish rust-brown, with a fillet from the base to the tip, and an elevated black spot in the middle, burnh brown ; second pair brownish. Frequents woods. Very rare. Near London. The Division Button ( P. divisana, Curtis). Near London. The Streaked Button (P- strigana, Stephens). Very rare. The Buff-edged (P. radiana, Curtis). “ Wings nine lines anda-half; first pair pale, with numerous confluent burnt-brown streaks at the base, the thicker margin very much marked with pale; second pair pale brownish. Very rare.” Near Lpndon. The Centre Fillet (P. centrovittana). Near London. The Branched Streak (P. ramostriana, Stephens). CONSPF.CT'US OF MOTHS. 177 The Combustan (P. combuslana, Cubtis). The Grey-strkak {P. alhistriana, Cvktis). “Wings five-sixths of an inch, brown, with a very faint tinge of purplish, the upper edge with dull borders, one ashy-grey streak at the inner mar¬ gin, some few dingy looking dots ; second pair pale brownish. Very rare.” Near London, The Autcmnan (P. autumnana, Curtis). The Subcrested (P. suboristana, Stephens). The Marbued Chestnut (P. cororaana, Stephens) “appears in October. Wings five-sixths of an inch; first pair brown, with a contortuous or folded blotch at the base, and another at the posterior angle snow-white; the upper edge of a dull colour, and rounded at the base, tlie second pair whitish. This is a very beautiful and remarkable species. Very rare.” Near Lon¬ don. The Byrinobrian (P. Byringerana, Curtis), Near London. The Indistinct Streaked (P. obsoletana, Stephens). Near London. The Ash-coloured (P.famllaceana, Stephens). “Wingsfive sixths of an inch; first pair variable, pale ash-grey, with dull coloured dots, and an irregular three cornered short band in the middle of the upper edge, of a dark colour; second pair always somewhat brownish, or pale dusky. Occurs in woods, but is not frequent. ” Near London. The Sad Ash-coloured (P. fnsfana, Stephens). “Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair palfe yellowish, with very indistinct duU-coloured dots, and a short irregular three cor¬ nered brown band in the middle of the upper edge. Perhaps a variety of the preceding. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Checqubred Grey (P. reticulana, Stephens). “ Wings nine lines one-half; first pair pale ash-coloured, checquered with brown ; the upper edge with irregular indistinct, brownish dots; second pair pale brownish or whitish. Similar to the pre¬ ceding, but sufiSiciently distinct. Very rare.” Near London. The Rusty Sides (P. ruficostana, Curtis.) The Double Bay Streak (P. bistriana, Curtis). “Wings five-sixths of an inch ; first pair rounded at the base, pale, and very slightly sprinkled with dots; the upper edge paler; a pretty scarlet-red streak, drawn obliquely from the base to the tip, and a second very similar, but slightly waved at the thinner margin, rraning finer and more strongly marked with red through the hinder margin to the tip; second pair pale and without spots. Very rare.” Near London. The White Sides (P. albicostana, Stephens). The Similanian (P. similana, Stephens). The Broad-barred (P. latifasciana, Curtis) “ appears in 178 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. September about hedges. Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair ash-coloured, or hoary white, with an abrupt or three-cor¬ nered band at the base, and a very broad one rather behind the niiddle, of a darker brown ; the latter extends to the hinder mar¬ gin ; the hinder margin is ashy-white; second pair pale brown¬ ish.” Near London. The Lead Coloured (P. plumbosana,CvvL’ns). “Wings two- thirds to three-fourths of an inch ; first pair of a reddish lead colour, with the upper edge darker at the base, with elevated punctules; some minute, rather darker, scattered dots on the disc ; and in certain positions three dots, standing near to each other, and disposed in form of a triangle, in the middle of the thicker margin : second pair sometimes whitish, sometimes pale brownish. Not common.” Near London. The Boscav (P. Boscana, Curtis). “ Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair retuse, whitish, with some brownish-red scat¬ tered dots; a patch at the base of the upper edge, and another smaller and ojjposite on the inner margin; three other some¬ what confiuent patches rather behind the middle of the thicker margin, and disposed in form of a triangle; second pair pale brownish, with ^ the fringes brownish. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Trigonian ^P. Trigonana, Stephens). Near London. The Schallerian (P. Schalleriana, Stephens) “ appears the end of August in woods. Wings seven-twelfths to three-fourths of an inch, all whitish, with a blunt three cornered red patch in the middle of the upper edge of the first pair. The Red Triangle (P. rufana, Stephens) “ appears the end of August on hedges. Wings seven-twelfths to two-thirds of an inch, rust-red, with a black triangular patch in the middle of the outer margin. Differs from the preceding in colour only. Very uncommon.” The Side Spot Triangle (P. costimaculana, Stephens). The Logian (P. Logiana, Stephens). Very rare. Near London. The White Shouldered (P. axperana, Stephens) “appears the beginning of August. Wings seven-twelfths to two-thirds of an inch; first pair anteriorly white, and posteriorly black. Com¬ mon on hedges.” Near London. The Common Rough Wing (P. faWegana, Stephens) “appears the end of July. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch to two-thirds; first pair half ash-coloured, and posteriorly varied with black and red, with a dark cluster of elevated dark-shaped spots in the middle.” Near London. The Crested Buff (P. borana, Stephens) “appears the end of July, on hedges. Very similar to the preceding, of which it is, perhaps, merely a variety. Wings seven-twelfths of a line to two-thirds; first pair pale yellow, with a black high-crested CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 179 patch before the middle of the inner margin, which extends almost to the base, a patch three times as large behind the mid¬ dle of the upper edge, running nearly to the tip, and somewhat irregularly lobed; second pair pale brown. Very unfrequent.” Near London. PARAMESIA (Stephens). The Sub-triple Spot (P. sabtripunctulana, Stephens). Near London. The Dial (P. gnomona, Stephens) “appears in September and October, in woody places. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch to two-thirds, somewhat retuse, iron-red, with three very indistinct spots, triangularly arranged in the middle of the upper edge. Common.” Near London. The Fork Stripe (P. bifidana, Stephens) “ appears in Sep¬ tember and October, but is more uncommon than the foregoing. Wings two-thirds of an inchj first pair somewhat retuse and rusty red, with an oblique brown band before the middle; then a perfect somewhat wavy band in the middle, a brown streajt to the posterior angle, and becoming inelegantly forked at the upper edge j second pair whitish.” Near London. The Rusty Triple Spot (P. tripunctulana, Stephens) “ ap¬ pears in September. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch to two-thirds, somewhat retuse, rusty red, with three large brown spots, trian¬ gularly disposed in the middle of the thicker margin. Common in woods.” Near London. The White Triple Spot (P. cerusana, Stephens) “appears the end of July, about elms. Wings seven lines and a half, snow-white, with scattered ash-coloured dots, oftentimes ele¬ vated, and three black spots in triangular order on the upper edge. Very uncommon.” Near London. LEPTOGRAMMA (Curtis). The Black Sprigged Green (L./iferana, Stephens) “appears the end of August, and the end of September. Wings three- fourths of an inch; first pair scaly, very green, with various short straight streaks, and posteriorly black dots on the upper edge; some minute scattered black characters on the disc; se¬ cond pair brownish. Occurs on oaks. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Green Tuft (i. squamana, Curtis) “ appears the end of August, on oaks. Wings nine lines and a half, scaly, greenish- ash, with the upper edge minutely dotted and sprinkled with brown; second pair brown. Very unfrequent.” Near London^ The Tri-coloured Green (E. tricolorana, Stephens) “ap¬ pears the end of September, on oaks, very closely resembling the preceding. Wings nine lines and a half; first pair ash-coloured, with a tinge of green, and black scattered dots; the upper edge anteriorly with cross waved black lines, and posteriorly with 180 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. numerotis black spots; the disc also with black characters and conspicuous black clouds; a red stripe extends from the base through the hinder margin to the'middle of the upper edge, and sends off a small branch towards the base; second pair brown¬ ish. Very rare.” Near London. The Sprinkled (P. irrorana, Stephens). Near London. The Mixed Tawny (P. fulvomixtana, Stephens). Near London. The Grey Rough-Wino (P. scabrana, Stephens). Wings two thirds of an inch, ash-coloured, rather scabrous; the thicker margin of the first pair slightly hollowed, very much rounded, and fringed at the base, in the middle with three rough darker spots set in form of a triangle, and conspicuous in certain posi¬ tions ; second pair brownish. Frequents woods. Not common.” Near London. GLYPHISIA (Stephens). The Chequered Notch-Wing (G. emargana, Stephens) “ Spears in autumn, in woods. Wings five-sixths of an inch; first pair from the base to the middle, and on the hinder margin, y/ brick-red, and chequered with brown; the upper edge from the middle to the tip much hollowed, or notched; a dusky-brown band extends from the border of the upper edge to the thinner margin, which is more or less tinged with red; second pair pale brownish, and slightly lineated across, with brown towards the upper edge. Uncommon.” Near London. The Iron Notch-Wing (G. e.rca«arao, Stephens). “Wings nine lines and a half, deeply ferruginous; first pair with a band, as in the foregoing, but narrower, less ustulated, and not quite reaching the thinner margin; second pair as in the last, of which perhaps it is a variety, but more scarce.” Near London. The Common Notch-Wing {G. effractana, Stephens) “ ap¬ pears in autumn; frequents woods, and differs from the preceding in colour only. Wings three-fourths of an inch to five-sixths, greyish-brown; the band is only conspicuous in particular posi¬ tions, and is generally very indistinct.” Near London. The ShallowNotch-Wing (G. cawdoraa, Stephens). “Wings two-thirds of an inch to three-fourths, somewhat tailed, and ashy-grey. Very similar to the last, from which it is distin¬ guished at first view by the border of the first pair of wings, which is not so remarkable, or deep,—thence its English name; the thinner margin is red; second pair pale brown. Very scarce. Near London.” The Buff Notch-Wing (G. ochracea, Stephens). Very rare. Near London. DICTYOPTERYX (Stephens). y THE Chequered Pebble (D. contaminana, Stephens) “ ap¬ pears the beginning of September, on hedges. Wings seven- CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 181 two-thirds, acute, straw-yeUow, very upper edge at the base, and the fmkp/t P^*"’ wavy, and torKea, are burnt-brown.” Near London. Fringe (D. ciliana, Stephens) “ appears in Sep- ^ October. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch to three- ™®t-red. chequered with brown and red, with a cenfral, short, obhque, darker band on the upper edge, which is not complete at the thinner margin. Found with the former.” Near London. ® Dark Chequer (_D. rhombana, Stephens) “ appears in Wings seven-twelths of an inch to imee-tourths ; first pair acute, rust-red, somewhat reticulated, mth a complete wavy, blackish, medial band. Found with the preceding. Common.” Near London. The Clouded Straw (D. phimbana, Stephens) “ frequents WTOdy places. Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair straw- yeuow in the middle, with two cloud-shaped patches or bands of a ami red colour, somewhat confluent, and slightly forked at the thicker margin; second pair pale lead-coloured. Not common.” Near London. A ^ffiPLiNGiAN (D. Lxfiingiana, Stephens) “ appears in • L ^*td June, on hedges. Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair straw-yellow, with very numerous reddish and minute clouds on the disc, and the double character X, of a simi- SndOT middle of the upper edge.” Near The PoRSKALiAN (Z). d. F'orsArafcanfl, Stephens) “appears the on hedges. Wings half an inch, brick-red, very pretoly chequered with red, with a short, broad, oblique band on the thinner edge. Variable.” Near London. CHEIMATOPHILA (Stephens). The Dotted Chestnut (C. cosfaneana, Stephens) “appears Qumg winter. Wings seven lines one-half to eight Unes, chest- nuVbrown, shining, with very minute dots or atoms; second pair dusky. Uncommon.” Near London. ARGYROTOZA (Stephens). The Bbrgmannian {A. Bergmanniana, Stephens) “appears in August, in gardens. Wings half an inch; first pair yel¬ low, more or less suffused and chequered with red, with tbmr ^mewhat arched, and equally distributed streaks of silver dots, u tiase, and the last at the hinder margin; second I™ with all the fringes yellow. Common.” Near 182 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. The CoNVTAyiAN (A. Conwayana, Stephens) “ appears the middle of June, in groves. Wings five-twelfths of an inch to one-half; first pair tawny, slightly clouded with brown, with a Y' yellow spot in the middle of the upper edge, and another oppo- ^ site on the thinner margin; with about five irregular streaks composed of silver spots; second pair brown or black. Not common.” The Paeb Orange (A. subaurantiana, Stephens). Near London. The Hoffmanseggian (^. Hoffmanseggiana, Stephens). “ Wings five-twelfths of an inch; first pair tawny brown, with five interrupted silver dot-streaks, the second terminating beyond the middle in a common yellow line in the thinner margin; second pair black. Perhaps a mere variety of A. Conwayana, but with¬ out the yellow spots on the marg^in. Not common.” Near London. The Orange AND Black (.4. jBcmirfaMa, Stephens). “Wings one-third of an inch to five-twelfths; first pair golden-red, with a cross paler patch before the middle of the upper edge, which terminates in a common black three-cornered patch on the thinner margin; behind the middle a broad greyish-black band; second pair snow-white, posteriorly black. Not common.” Near London.. The Daldorfian (A. Daldorfiana, Stephens) “ appears in spring. Wings one-third of an inch, blackish-brown, glossy, posteriorly red, streaked with golden; second pair black, with red fringes. Not common.” Near London. ARGYROLEPIA. (Stephens). The Silver Spotted (A, Lathoniana, Stephens). “ First pan of wings yellow, spotted with silvery. Very rare.” ' TheBbntleyan {A. Bentleyana, Haworth). “Wings brown rust-red, with numerous streaks and dots of a silvery yellow coloiu-. Very rare.” The Orange Spotted (A. Turionana, Stephens) “ frequente gardens. Wings one-half of an inch to five-sixths; first pair rather long, blunt, and all the fringes whitish, with numerous, somewhat obscure, patches and dots, of a tavmy-red, orange- gold, or golden lustre, and confluent on the hinder part of the wings; second pair black. Scarce.” Kensington. The Gemmed (A. gemmana, Stephens). Near London. The Silvery Broad Bar {A.ceneana, Stephens). “Wings half an inch; first pair of a pure yellow, with a strong, straightish, black band in the middle, and a similar one on the hinder margin, both dotted with silvery; second pair black. Very rare.” Near London. The Tessellated {A. tesserana, Stephens). “ Wings half an inch to seven-twelfths, tawny,chequered with five very white or gold-coloured patches; second pair brown. Very uncommon. Near London. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 183 The Dkcimanium (j1. decimana, Stephens). Near London. The Baumannian (A, Baum.anni(ma, Haworth) “ appears in May, (?) in groves. Wings five lines one-half to ten lines one- half, first pair of an ashy- colour, with two an^ar, approximat¬ ing, interrupted or uniting bands, edged with silvery; second pair brown. Variable. Uncommon.” Near London. EUPCECILIA (Stephens). The Small Black-spotted {E. maculosana, Stephens). “ Wings five lines one-half to six lines; first pair white, ashy at the b^e, with a rather wavy-brown, black-dotted band before the middle, which scarcely reaches the upper edge, behind this and as far as the tip, irregular brown patches; second pair brown, with white fringes. Not common.” Near London. The Barred Marble {E. angmtana, Stephens). “Head and corselet pale-yellow. Wings five lines one-half to six lines; first pair pale yellow, with a straight brown band in the middle, and the hinder margin of the same colour, but very faintly towards the thinner margin; second pair whitish, with a dusky margin, and white fringes.” Near London. The Dingy Dwarf {E. pygmeana, Stephens). “Wings one- third of an inch; first pair variously clouded with black, and sprinkled with ash-colour, but particularly in the middle, and at the tip of the thicker margin; second pair black, with brown fringes. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Barred Dwarf [E. nana, Stephens) "appearsin July, and frequents heathy districts. Wings five lines one-half; first pair pale yellow, ashy-grey at the base and upper edge as far as the middle, with a broad brown band in the middle, in which are one or two yellowish dots; the thinner margin and posterior streak or bandlet brown; behind this the wings and fringes are ^together pale yellow, and without spots ; second pair brown¬ ish, with whitish fringes. Very uncommon.” Near London. The Yellow Dwarf (E. luteolana, Stephens). Near Lon¬ don. The Doubtful Dwarf {E. dubitana, Stephens). Near London. The BaiNDi.BD Marble {E. Sodaliana, Stephens). “Wings five lines one-hahf; first pair varied with snow-white and ash- grey, with black patches and spots on the upper edge, a black patch interrupted in the middle rather behind the centre, and another somewhat incurv’ed, waved, and brown, near the hinder margin; second pair brownish. Very rare.” Near London. The Hoary Double Crescent (E. bilunana, Stephens) “ frequents ash-trees. Wings half an inch, white, clouded with ash-grey, with two common crescents on the back, one deep black and the other ash-coloured; second pair whitish. Not variable. Very uncommon.” Near London. 184 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS, The Light Maublvd (E. albana, Stephens). “Wings six lines one-half; first pair snowy-white, slightly clouded with ash- grey, ashy-brown at the tip, with a common ashy patch before the middle, composed of three approximating black distinct streaks, but interrupted with white, and another common, hinder, acutely conic, black patch; second pair whitish, darker at the tip. Uncommon.” Near London. COCHYLIS (Treitschke). The Rost (C. roseana, Curtis) “frequents marshes. Wings half an inch 5 first pair rose-coloured, with an oblique perfect band in the middle, touching with its outer edge a pale indistinct patch in the thinner margin, the fringes rose-coloui-ed, xvith burnt-brown tips, the upper edge posteriorly, with three indis¬ tinct darker spots; second pair dusky, with the fringes paler. Not abundant.” Near London. The Dingy Rosy (C. subroseana, Curtis.) “Wings five- twelfths to half an inch; first pair rosy-grey, with a short brown oblique band in the middle of the thinner margin : poste¬ riorly ashy-brown. Not common.” Near London. The Red Fringe (C. rufieiliana, Curtis) “appears the end of May. Very similar to the preceding. Wings half an inch; first pair lead-coloured, with a very oblique short band in the middle of the thinner margin, and red fringes : also a second brown band in the hinder margin.” Neacr London. The Oblique Barred Grey (C. griseana, Curtis) “fre¬ quents woody places. Wings half an inch, grey, with a some¬ what waved band in the middle, and part of another on the anterior part of the wing, brown; second pair brown. Uncom¬ mon.” Near London. The Marginian (C.marginana, Stephens) ? Near London. The Orange Barred Pearl (C. margaritann, Curtis) “ Wings seven-twelfths of an inch ; first pair very glossy, sil- very-pearl, with the base, a spot at the base of the upper edge, then two oblique interrupted bands, of an orange-gold colour; a third band, more complete, at the hinder margin, situated behind an orange-gold spot on the upper edge; second pair deep-brown. Very rare.” The Smeathmannian (C. Smeathmanniana, Curtis) “ap¬ pears the end of July. Wings one-half to two-thirds of an inch ; first pair straw-coloured grey, with a brown patch at the base of the upper edge; then an oblique tawny-brown band in the mid¬ dle, somewhat angular, and broken about its centre; betwen this and the hinder margin another short, broken, band, but more con¬ spicuous at the upper edge; second pair black. Not common.” Battersea. PHTHEOCHROA (Stephens). The Rough Wing (P. rugosana, Stephens) “appears the CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 185 beginning of June on hedges. Wings eight lines one-half; first pair whitish ash, rough, with white patches, lines, and streaks on the upper edge; second pair ash-grey. Not common.” Near London. LOZOPERA (Stephens). The Stephensian (L. alternana, Stephens). The Short Barred Straw (X,. straminea, Stephens) " ap¬ pears the end of June, in meadows. Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair pale straw yellow, with a short oblique tawny bandlet rather before the middle of the inner margin, and reach¬ ing toweirds the upper edge; second pair whitish, with very large silky-white fringes. Very rmcommon.” Near London. The Fabrician {L. Fabriciana, Stephens). “Wings seven- twelfths of an inch, slender; first pair pale straw-yeUow, with a band, as in the last, opposite to the patch on the upper edge; and behind this band, another very similar band also, opposite the patch on the upper edge; tlie bands are oblique,mterrupted, and brown; second pair pale brownish. Not common,” Near London. The Fbancillonian (L. Francillana, Stephens). “ Wings half an inch, of a deep straw-colour, with two oblique com¬ plete brown bands. Very uncommon.” Near London. XANTHOSETIA (Stephens). The Zoegian (X. Zagana, Stephens) “appears the beginning y of August on grasses. Wings three-fourths of an inch; first pair ^ yellow, with the upper edge at the base, and a spot in the middle near the thinner margin, rust-red; the hinder margin also rust- brown, with a rather large, hemispherical, yellow patch.” Near London. The Clouded Iron {X.ferrugana, Stephens). “Wings two- thirds of an inch; first pair iron-brown, posteriorly brown, with an iron red patch. Very similar to the last, from which it only differs in the colours of the first psiir of wings, Norfolk,” and near London. The Hook-marked Straw (X. Anmana, Stephens) “appears the beginning of August on grasses. Head, antennae, palpi, and '<(. vent-tuft, yellow; abdomen brown. Wings three-fourths of an inch; first pair yellow, with a minute and very indistinct dot in the middle towards the thinner margin; and an oblique hook¬ shaped blotch towards the hinder margin iron-coloured; the blotch runs from the posterior angle towards the middle of the wing, where it becomes wavy on its outer edge; second pair dusky, with whitish Mnges.” Near London. The Crossed Straw (X. diversana, Stephens) “ appears the beginning of August on gi^ses. Very similar to the foregoing. Wings three-fourths of an inch; first pair yellow, with the upper edge at the base, a patch in the middle, and a common posterior arch iron-coloured; a streak arched on its outer edge often issues from the patch in the centre of the upper edge to the 186 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. thinner margin. In the hinder part near the posterior angle is a blotch, which, when the wings are shut, has the appearance of an iron-coloured cross, and extends to the arch on the upper edge.” Near London. The Plaijj Drab (X. inopiana, Stepheits). “ Wings three- fourths of an inch; first pair shining, reddish, or pale yellow, rounded at the tip, and without spots; second pair dusky red, and shining, as if smeared over with oil. Very rare.” Near London. PHIBALOCERA (Stephens). The Long-hobned (P. Quercana, Stephens) “ appears the beginning of August in woods and gardens. Wings two-thirds of an inch j first pair reddish yellow, with two patches on the upper edge, and the fringes primrose yellow; second pair and fringes white, but the latter are yellowish at the posterior angle. Common.” Near London. HYPERCALLIA (Stephens). The Christiebnian (H. Christiernana, Stephens) “appears in June and July about hedges in chalky districts. Wings two- thirds of an inch; first pair and fringes deep primrose yellow, very prettily chequered with blood-red; second pair dusky with yellowish fringes. A beautiful species. Very uncommon.” Near London. ORTHOTELIA (Stephens). The Vbinous (O.venosa, Stephens). Near London. The Silky (0. sericea, Curtis). YPONOMEUTID^ (Stephens). DEPRESSARIA (Haworth). The Cow Parsnip (D. Heracleana, Stephens). “Wings one inch, depressed and grey; first pair with approximating black lines on the disc. Caterpillar green, dotted with black, with three indistinct lines on the back; it is first found in the umbels of umbelliferous plants, penetrating through the steins of the leaves of flowers, that are contortuous and bend down¬ wards.” Near London. The Laboe-strbaked (D. Umbellana, Stephens). “ Wings eleven-twelfths of an inch, smooth, with streaks, and of a grey colour, with approximating black patches on the margin of the disc. Caterpillar green, with the head, neck, and two rows of dots on the segments, black. Norfolk.” Near London. The Brown-veined {D. putridella, Stephens). “Wings eight lines one-half; first pair pale, with a very short black streak near the base of the thinner margin; in the middle, but CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 187 near the upper edge, four spots, disposed in form of a square, of which the two anterior are minute and black, the third rather large, roundish and brown, the fourth minute, and somewhat eye-like, with a black and white pupil; the hinder margin with a row of black spots; second pair whitish, with the fringes large, straw-yellow and sUky. Very uncommon.’' Near London. The Wain’scot Flat Body (D. Venosa, Haworth). “ Wings five-sixths of an inch j first pair somewhat abrupt, blunt, red, with aU the wing ribs slightly whitish, and a large brownish patch towards the hinder margin: second pair white. Far from com¬ mon.” Near London. The Brindled Flat Body (D. apicella, Stephens). “ Wings eight inches one-half; first pair ashy-grey, clouded with dusky, with a minute snow-white dot exactly in the middle, having a dusky cincture, also with scattered brown lines; second pair pale.” Near London > The Coarse Wainscot (D. nervosa, Haworth). “ Wings three-fourths of an inch; first pair red, with the wing ribs poste¬ riorly, the hinder margin, and the fringes much darker; nearly in the middle, and in the place of the anterior stigma, are two very minute, almost connected, white dots, bordered with red; second pair whitish, with a very faint tinge of reddish. Un¬ common. Near London.” The Brown Brindled (D. badiella, Stephens). “Wings two-thirds of an inch, brown, with numerous, scattered, darker lines. Not common.” Norfolk. The Lesser Flat Body {D. character osat'R Ayr ofotn). “Wings two-thirds of an inch, grey, somewhat clouded, with the upper edge rosy, marked with a (?) and interrupted in the middle with black. Unfrequent.” Near London. The Purple Flat Body (H. liturella, Stephens). “Wings two-thirds of an inch; first pair of a dull or ashy purple, with a pale, straight, and slender band in the middle near the base; second pair pale brown. Very rare.” Near London. Blunt’s Flat Body (H. Bluntli, Curtis). The Common Flat Body (D. applana, Haworth) “ appears the end of August, andjfequents gardens and hedges. Wings three-fourths to five-sixths of an inch, depressed and brown, with three white spots in the centre. Variable.” Near London. The Curve Dotted (D. cunipunctosa, Stephens) “ appears the beginning of March. Very similar to the preceding, but smaller. Wings seven-twelfths to two-thirds of an inch, grey, somewhat sprinkled with brown dots, with a minute black line, curved in the middle, and interrupted. In good specimens the head, corselet, and base of the first pair of wings are whitish or pale. Frequents hedges. Far from common.” Near London. The RufousBrindled {D.albipunctella,STErHEss). “Wings three-fourths of an inch, red, very slightly clouded, with a con- 188 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. spicuous large •white spot in the middle, beneath a large, round¬ ish, conspicuous black one. Uncommon.” Near London. The Red Letter (U. oceWana, Stephens) “appears in spring. Wings nine lines one-half; first pair ashy-coloured, -with a cen¬ tral, oblong, blood-red blotch, in the hinder part of which is a smeill white dot, the hinder margin dotted with black; second pair whitish. Very rare. Near Chelsea.” The Brindled Straw (U. gilvella, Stephens). “Wings nine lines to nine lines one-half, reddish-white, with a black patch, and spots in the middle of the same colour. Variable.” Near London. The Dincv Straw {D. costana, Haworth. “Wings two- thirds of an inch, red, with a large, oblong, brown patch in the centre, reaching to the upper edge, with the fringes rosy. Un¬ frequent. Near London.” The Sprinkled Straw (D. irrorella, Stephens). Near London. The Thistle Straw (Z>. carduella, Stephens). The Powdered Straw (U. afomeWa, Stephens). “Wings eight lines one-half; first pair reddish, ■with numerous minute black and rosy scattered dots; second pair white. Uncommon. Near London.” The Sparmannian Straw (D. Sparmanniana, Stephe.vs) “ frequents meadows; body pale. Wings nine lines one-half, flat and all pale; first pair rather darker, with two small distinct unapproximating black dots on the disc; the hinder margin dotted with black; second pair without spots.” Near London. The Spotless Straw (U. immaculana, Stephens). Ye.\tes’s Straw (U. Yatesana, Stephens). “Wings eight lines one-half, first pair grey, ■with a black central patch, and two black dots, obliquely placed, and approximating; four or five black spots on the hinder margin; body ash-grey; antennae black. Uncommon. Neair London.” Alstrsemer’s Straw (U. Alstreemeriana, Stephens) “ap¬ pears in spring, and towards the end of August. Wings two- thirds of an inch, whitish; first pair in the middle, towards the side margin, "with a bro^wn patch iron brown on the inner edge; at the hinder margin with bldck furrow-like streaks, and the margin itself dotted with black; second pair ashy-white; beneath dun whitish. Common about hedges. Near London.” The Lesser Purple (D. purpurea, Curtis) “ appears in spring. Wings half an inch; first pair purplish-red, with -the upper edge brownish, thickly sprinkled with rose-red, and having a large brown patch in the middle, indistinctly marbled on both sides with pale; second pair brown. Not common. Near London.” ANACAMPSIS (Curtis). The Juniper {A. Juniperella, Stephens) “frequents poplare. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 189 Wings seven-twelfths of an inch ; first pair ash-grey, with four black spots, disposed without order, posteriorly with a white waved streak j the hinder margin witti black dots; second pair whitish. Common.” Near London. The Poplar (A. Populella, Stephens). “Found with the precedmg, to which it has greatresemblance, but is smaller. The Mtenn* short. Wings seven-twelfths of. an inch to two-thirds first pair ashy, clouded with dusky and black; second pair lead- coloured ; the hinder shanks of the legs yeUowish. More scarce than the preceding.” Near I.ondon. The Dark Brown (A. rmticella, Stephens). “ Wings seven hnes one-haft to eight lines, narrow, deep brown, without spots, Md roundish at the tip. Frequents gardens. More scarce than the foregoing.” Near London. Curtis’s Long Horn {A, longicornis, Curtis). Lister’s (A. Listerella, Stephens). “ Wings seven-twelfths 01 an inch, first pair pale-brown, with three or four rather darker evanescent scattered dots in the middle, and an evanes¬ cent streak of somewhat dusky dots on the margin; the fore legs Md antennae ringed with white; frequents gardens.” Near London. The Dotted Brown (A. nehulea, Curtis) occurs in gardens Very similar to the foregoing, of which it is probably a mere vanety Wings seven-twelfths of an inch; first pair dotted and clouded With brown, with some indistinct dots on the UDDer edge, which are wanting in the preceding. The Birch (A. Betulea, Curtis). Wings seven lines one-half, very similar to the l^t; the first pair slightly clouded with brown, ^d between the brown clouds oftentimes other clouds 01 a whitish appearance, minute, and longitudinally disposed lengthwise in the middle of the wing, as an indistinct and very much interrupted streak. The Black Speckled Grey (A.rAo»i 5 e«a, Stephens). Wings seven-twelfths of an inch; first pair ashy, clouded with black with a deep black line on the base of the upper edge, and a brown one, but smaller, behind the middle of the upper edge; some black lines or dots on the disc, and longitudinally disposed in the form of a line. Uncommon. Near London. The Ash Grey (A. cxnerella, Stephens) occurs in gardens. Wmgs two-thirds of an inch to three-fourths, ashy-brown, with- out m^kS’ and rather glossy; all the body ashy-grey, the palpi club-shaped, recurvate, and homed with bristly tips. Cam- bndgeshire, and near London. i v ^ .The Subcinereous {A. subcinerea, Curtis). Very similar to the last, but smaller and paler. Wings seven-twelfths of an inch MUy-brovim, and without marks; the first pair narrower, and rounder at the tip. Occurs in gardens. Near London. The Clay-coloured (A. lutarea, Curtis). Wings seven- 190 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. twelfths of an inch to two-thirds; first pair pale reddish, with very few ash-grrey dots, and in the middle two or three darker evanescent indistinct contiguous dusky dots. The Small Black-specked Grey (A. dodecella, Stephens). Wings five lines one-half to six lines; first pair pale reddish, with small dots disposed along the disc in pairs ; then the upper edge and the hinder margin finely dotted, or, as it were, sprinkled with brown. The Rough (A. aspera, Curtis) frequents hedges. Wings half an inch; first pair of a dull lead-colour, and almost smoke-black, with some scattered dots before the middle, and an imperfect bandlet towards the hinder margin, black and some¬ what elevated, the margins more or less sprinkled or dotted with black. The Dotted Grey {A. Mouffettella, Stephens) occurs in gardens. Wings six lines one-half to eight lines, with hoary lines or black dots. Variable. Very uncommon. Near London. The Dusted Black {A. nigra, Curtis) frequents gardens. Wings nine lines to nine lines one-half; first pair narrow, longish, blunt, deep black, and slightly powdered with ash-grey or whitish; , second pair black, with brownish fringes. Uncommon. Near London. The White SHouLDEREDWooLLE?f(^.sam’feW«, Stephens). Wings one-half to three-fourths of an inch, ashy-grey, clouded with black; the head, corselet, abdomen, legs, and all the lower part whitish, and glittering in the sunshine like metal; antennie shorter; eyes black. Caterpillar found in garments, and makes rollers, in which it laps itself up in concealment. The Milky {A. lacteella, Stephens). Near London. HiiBNER’s (4. HiiSnert, Curtis). Wings five lines one-half first pair white or hoary, anteriorly clouded with black, with black clouds on the hinder part of the wing, which are more or less confluent. Not common. Near London. > The Domestic (A.domestica, Curtis). Common about houses. Wings five-twelfths of an inch to one-half, grey, with very large, longitudinal, deep black spots. Probably a peculiar species. Near London. The Brindled Brown (A. affinis, Curtis). Very similar to the last. Wings five lines; first pair brown, with deep black dots, or four lines disposed in longitudinal rows; towards the hinder margin a narrow whitish band. Probably a peculiar species. Near London. The Greater Brindled Brown (A. diffinis, Curtis). Resem¬ bling the last, but larger and darker; the wings six lines one- half ; the first pair blackish, and slightly powdered with ash- grey. Very uncommon. Near London. The LightBrindled Brown (A. contigua, Curtis). Wings half an inch; first pair ashy-black, whitish towards the base, and with a white slender band across, near the hinder margin Near London. CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 191 The Brindled Brown (-4. sequax, Curtis). Very closely resembUng the preceding. Wings half an inch; more strongly clouded with black, with two whitish bands, the anterior oblique, and the posterior straight. Near London. The Beautieul Brindled Brown {A. proxima, Curtis). This and the two preceding are perhaps mere varieties, but pos¬ sessing very different characters. Wings five-twelfths of an inch; first pair grey, with a large deep black, angular, or waved, band-shaped patch in the middle, reaching from the upper edge nearly to the thinner margin, and behind this, some deep black clouds. Near London. The Tricoloured {A. tricolorella, Stephens). Wings half an inch, varied with black and red, with three white spots. The head black. Near London. The Sad (A. luctuella, Stephens). Near London. The Neat {A. decorella, Stephens). Wings half an inch; first pair snow-white, with the upper edge interrupted, and a common streak; head snowy-white. Near London. The Little Blossom (A. subrosea, Curtis). Wings five lines to five lines and a half i first pair deep black, -with a large ante- rior somewhat rosy blotch touching the upper edge in two places, and with an evanescent posterior pm-plish-white band, broken in the middle ; second pair lead-black, shining, with brown fringes. About hedges. Not common. Near London. The Beautiful Marble {A. marmorea, Curtis). Wings half an inch; first pair longish, or narrow at the upper edge, half black, but with an interrupted, white, oblique band towards the hinder margin; behind the middle two irregular red patches. Norfolk, and near London. The White-dotted Black (A. guttifera, Curtis). Wings five hues to five lines and a-half,- first pair black, with two small white spots opposite to each other before, and two others behind, the middle. Norfolk, and near London. Little Black {A. atra, Curtis) occurs on hedges. VVings five-twelfths to half an inch; first pair deep black; second pair black; head white. Variable. The Short-barred White (A. macwi'e/lfl!, Stephens). Wings half an inch ; first pair whitish, slightly sprinkled with dusky, with a short, anterior, oblique, deep black band, that runs from the upper edge towards the thinner margin, but inclining for¬ wards. Frequents hedges. Rather rare. Near London. The Horse-.shoe (A. Tremella, Stephens). Wings five- twelfths to half an inch ; first pair snowy-white, or sometimes whitish, with a large black patch from the base to the middle, wtoch, when the wings are shut, resembles a horse-shoe. In chalky districts. Kent, and near London. The Black dotted White (.4. nivella, Stephens). Wings five lines and a half; fiist pair snowy-white, with an oblong 192 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. marginal at the base, black patch; in the middle an oblique and black band, and towards the tip a small marginal black spot; second p^ ash grey. In hedges. Not abundant. The Black Clouded (A. aleela, Stephens). Wings five- twelfths to half an inch; first pair white, strongly clouded with black. Occurs about hedges. Variable. Near London. The Brown Streak {A. interruptella, Stephens). Wings five-twelfths of an inch; first pair pale, or rather ashy, with a broad brown band, reaching from the base to the tip. Very rare. Near London. The Taw.ny {A. fulvescem, Curtis). Wings five-twelfths of an inch; first pair somewhat tawny, or pale yeUowish, sprinkled with very minute brown dots or clouds j second pair dark lead- colour and glossy. The Faint-dotted Brown {A. fuscescens. Cvkiis). Wings four lines and a half; first pair brownish-grey, darker at the base and posteriorly, with about three indistinct brown dots in the middle. The Black Spotted White {A. allernella, Stephens'). Wings six lines one-half; first pair snowy-white, with one or two black spots at the base, then a rather oblique band, then a spot on the upper edge rather before the middle; then two oppo¬ site spots, one on the upper edge, the other on the thinner mar¬ gin, with anotherspot near the hinder margin before various deep black dots; second pair dusky, lead-coloured, and shining, with paler fringes. Very unfrequent. Near London. The Black Spotted Brimstone {A. an-gustella, Stephens). Wings five lines one-half to six lines; first pair of a bright sulphur yeUow, spotted with deep black, and the upper edge faintly with deep black; the form of the spots variable. Rather rare near London. The White-spotted Black (A. albimaculea, Stephens). Wings five lines one-half; first pair deep black, with an anterior white band, which does not quite reach the upper edge; a second band in the middle, which is slightly interrupted, and two somewhat opposite posterior white spots, one on the upper edge, and the other on the thinner margin. Perhaps a variety of the preceding. Very uncommon. Near London. The Four-spotted {A. quadripuncta, Stephens). Wings half an inch; first pair narrow deep black, with an indistinct yellowish spot near the base, another conspicuous and wa\T across in the middle, and two opposite dots towards the hinder margin, one of which is on the upper edge, and the other near the thinner edge j second pair whitish, with the fringes darker. Very uncommon. Near London. LOPHONOTUS (Stephens). The Minute Bundle (L, fasciculellm, Stephens). CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 193 Dovovan’s (—, emar