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| COMSTOCK MEMORIAL | LIBRARY
| enromMooay [|]
BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE COMSTOCK ENDOWMENT FUND, THE GIFT OF JOHN HENRY COMSTOCK AND THE STUDENT MEMORIAL FUND, GIFT OF STUDENTS IN ENTOMOLOGY
Library Bureau Cat, No. 1137
nN
A CONSPECTUS
OF
BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS.
&e. &e, &e.
In a forward state of preparation,
A SERIES OF POCKET VOLUMES,
UNIFORM WITH THE CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS,
ON ALL THE OTHER PARTS OF
British Patural Wistorp,
NAMELY Botany (with an Alphabet). Minerals (with an Alphabet). Birds (with an Alphabet). Fossil Remains (with an Al- Two-winged Flies, from Meigen | _phabet). and Fallen, Fishes (with an Alphabet).
Bees, Wasps, Ants, &c., from | Reptiles (with an Alphabet). Jurine, Latreille, and Grayen- Mammalian Quadrupeds (with
horst. an Alphabet). Beetles, from De Jean, &c. Spiders and Mites (with an Al- Lace-winged Flies. : phabet). Shells and Shell-fish (with an | Stars and Constellations (with Alphabet). an Alphabet).
Just published, price 2s. AN ALPHABET OF INSECTS, FOR THE USE OF BEGINNERS.
WITH NUMEROUS WooD-cUTs.
BY JAMES RENNIE, M.A.
A CONSPECTUS
OF THE
BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS FOUND IN BRITAIN.
WITH THEIR ENOLISH AND SYSTEMATIC NAMES, TIMES OF APPEARANCE, SIZES, COLOURS ; THEIR CATERPILLARS, AND VARIOUS LOCALITIES,
BY JAMES RENNIE, M.A.
Professor of Zoology, King’s College, London; Author of Insect Architecture,” &c.
‘ Gb»
The Queen Butterfty in its various stages.
LONDON:
WILLIAM ORR, 14, PATERNOSTER ROW, MDCOCXXXII.
PLAN OF THE WORK.
Trut the task is performed by some person more competent than I can have any pretensions to be, this little volume is intended to assist those who study insects philosophically, in ascertaining the species of our native butterflies and moths; while it may be useful also to those employed in the subordinate pursuits of making collections either for profit, or as innocent and pretty toys.
In order to render the descriptions plain, I have avoided as much as possible the use of terms not intel- ligible to a general reader, deeming it an outrage upon common sense, to invite a student to a museum filled with the most beautiful productions of Creative Wisdom, and at the same time taking some pains to fill the rooms with smoke before he is introduced, with set purpose to blind him and cause him to stumble. Though this may appear preposterous enough, it has long been the pre- vailing fashion, particularly in Natural History, which was in consequence for many years rendered unpopu- lar, and has been thrown immeasurably behind in the
vi » PLAN OF THE WORK.
rapid progress recently made in other branches of know- ledge, naturalists having obviously acquired an artifi- cial taste for the smoke. The chief glory of our modern naturalists appears to be the discovery of species, which, to use their cant phrases, may be “new to science,” oy “an addition to the British Fauna,”’—the term Fauna being generally and most inaccurately applied to fishes, shells, and other productions, of a certainty not under the dominion of the goddess of the woods and fields; no more than mushrooms and sea-weeds, which have no flower, are under the dominion of Flora. The term Kingdom, in the phrase animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdom, together with Tribes, Families, and the like, is founded on quaint and inaccurate fancies of the same kind, which would not be tolerated in any other branch of science or literature.
In deseribing species, either well known or “ new to ow Fauna,” or “our Flora, the current style, mis- named scientific, may be fairly characterised as a uniform tissue of pedantic barbarisms, devised, it would appear, not for the diffusion, but the conceal- ment of knowledge. If the descriptions affect to be in English, the language employed is most assuredly not English. Thus we have “flavous” and “Juteous” for “yellow,” “ griseous” for grey, “fuscous” for dusky ;”” while similar words are not only compounded with Latin derivatives, as “« Ochraceous-fuscous,” meaning, I con- jecture, “ dusky-buff,” but with plain English, such as
PLAN OF THE WORK. vil
“ eastaceous-red,” ‘* hoary-griseous,” “ griseous-rosy,” “ rusty-testaceous,” and numerous others, equally offen- sive to good sense and correct taste. We meet also with such phrases as “a very obsolete spot,” “* a einer- ascent striga totally obliterated,” the meaning of which I do not pretend to be able to decypher, as my eyes are not acute enough to perceive what is “obsolete” or “ totally obliterated,” much less to see its colour. If T had room I could exemplify this in many other things than colour—such as “ strigated” for “ streaked 5” besides the use of Latin words innumerable, without alteration, where English words would be more expres- sive.
But with all this affectation of mongrel Latin so bar- harously mixed up with English, the writers seem to have but’a very scanty knowledge of Latin itself; for when the descriptions pretend to be in Latin, all grammar is set at defiance, and it is no more Latin than the other is English, it being no very uncommon occurrence to meet with such phrases as “ad stigmatibus flavis,” “ lituré interjecto,” ‘*puncto ocellaris,” “ stigma antica,” “ stigmata site ;” and similar ungrammatical language, such as would not even have been blundered upon by a schoolboy.
Science can never be benefitted by terms and lan- guage of this sort, while it is out of all question thereby degraded and confined to a narrow circle, beyond which it can only be extended by simple terms and plain lan-
Vili PLAN OF THE WORK.
guage, such as are used in other departments of human knowledge,
Tn consequence of the materials which I was obliged to use, I have not succeeded altogether according to my wishes, in simplifying the following descriptions ; but I trust there are so few of the stumbling blocks left, that the student may easily surmount them.
The groundwork of the description of British but- terflies and moths was first laid by Mr. Haworth, who has certainly not been surpassed in minute accuracy by any of his followers, most of whom have borrowed largely from him without acknowledgment. I owe him my best thanks for the loan of the third part of his valuable work, (now out of print, and very scarce,) which he most liberally granted through the medium of my friend Mr. Loudon, the distinguished author of what I always call the miraculous “ Encyclopedia of Plants.” The materials taken from this part are uniformly marked by inverted commas; but I deem it due to the author to state, that even where these marks do not occur, by far the larger portion of this little volume is a free translation from his Latin.
Next to Mr. Haworth, I haye been indebted to the works of Mr. Stephens, more particularly his “ Syste- matic Catalogue,” the names and order of which I have, with a few exceptions, implicitly followed; and I cannot too strongly recommend every person engaged in the study of British insects to procure a copy of this
PLAN OF THE WORK. ix
very useful book. I have ventured to give names dif- ferent from his, to the greater divisions of the Moths, not that mine are unobjectionable, though they do not, I hope, involve the Hibernian discrepancy of including day-flying species under a night-flying division, as M. Latreille’s certainly do,—one of the beauties, I suppose of what is falsely called the natural system.
The work of Mr, Curtis is also highly valuable, from the accuracy of the engravings and the novelty of the subjects, of which I have taken occasional advantage as I proceeded.
In all cases when I either possessed specimens, or had access to them, I have not failed to compare the descriptions of authors with the insect itself, in order to arrive at as much accuracy as possible ; and though Iam far from thinking that I have fallen into no errors, 1 trust such as may be discovered will be found trivial in comparison with the utility at which I have aimed. I shall take it very kindly if lists of any such errors, or information connected with the subject of this, or my other projected volumes, be sent to me, free of expense, to the publisher's.
In pursuance of my plan of publishing cheap and comprehensive pocket volumes like the present, Iam already considerably advanced with the ‘ Conspectus of Botany,” that of “ Birds,” and that of Two-winged
x PLAN OF THE WORK.
Flies,” which will be accompanied with “ Alphabets for Beginners,” uniform with the “ Alphabet of In- sects.”
T have also for many years been collecting from ob- servations in the fields, as well as from reading, the most interesting facts connected with the manners and eco. nomy of our native animals; and relative to those described in this little Work, I have already materials for a small volume, which I intend to arrange for pub- lication under the title of “« Biography of British But- terflies and Moths.”
JAMES RENNIE. Lee, Kent, 10th June, 1832.
SYSTEMATIC TABLE
OF
BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS.
LEPIDOPTERA (Liywevs). Insects with four membranaceous ribbed or veiny wings clothed on both sides with minute scales, like meal or owder, placed like slates or tiles, and easily rubbed off. fouth, with a ‘spiral hollow sucker (haustellum) placed between two palpi clothed with hairs or scales; the body hairy; the corselet with a tippet (tegula) on each side ; foot (tarsus) with five joints; the antenne with a great number of joints, Divided into
1. Burrerriies; 1. Morus.
I. BUTTERFLIES (Parriones, ScurIFFERMULLER). Antenne, diverging at a considerable angle from the base, thickest towards the tip, which is either rounded in the form of a club, or flattish and ending in a hook or bristle 5 wings, when at rest, mostly erect and destitute of any bridle to retain the upper pair in their place,
Divided into
1, Pariionme; 2. Nympsauipa; 3. Lycanipe; 4, Hesperipa,
Il, MOTHS (Puatane, Ray, not Linnzus). Antenne more or less tapering; wings, during repose, horizontal
xii SYSTEMATIC TABLE
PAGE
or deflected, with a bridle formed of a horny bristle, or a bundle of hairs from the under pair, through a fold or ring to the upper pair, which are thus kept in their position.
Divided into
1, Spninoina ; 2. Bomnycrwa ; 2. Nocruiwa; 4, Gro- METRINA; 5. TorrTRIcina.
BUTTERFLIES (Paritiones)
Divided into
1. Papriionipa, with the fore legs long, and the tips of the antenne without any hook : . :
2. Hesrerrpa, with the fore legs long, and the tips of the antenne with a hook . . ° .
3. Nympeuaripz, with the fore legs somewhat short, and the claws of moderate size, forked or with only one nail . A . . °
4. Lycentpx, with the fore legs somewhat short, and the claws minute and not forked .
PAPILIONIDZ (Leacn).
_ Antenne with the club-shaped tip, in some flattish, and in no case with any hook ; legs long with claws, in some forked, in others not; hinder shanks (tibie) with a single pair of spurs ; under wings with groove or scollop to receive the abdomen ; all the wings erect during repose
Divided into
1. Paprxio, with the clubbed tips of the antenne longish and not flattish, and the under wings not angular .
2. Gonerreryx, with the clubbed tips of the antenna short and not flattish, and the under wings angular
3. Corras, with the clubbed tips of the antenne not flattish and the under wings roundish, with a groove to Teceive the abdomen . : : .
4. Prenis, with the clubbed tips of the antenne flattish, and the wings sparingly covered with scales and somewhat translucent . . .
l 20
14
OF BUTTERFLIES. xiii
PAGE
5. Ponrra, with the clubbed tips of the antenne flattish, and the wings plentifully covered with scales, the upper wings with three corners, the under wings not variegated beneath . . . . . 6. Manerrrum, with the clubbed tips of the antenne flattish, and the wings plentifully clothed with scales, the upper wings distinctly round at the tip, the under wings variegated beneath ‘ . ° . 7. Leucornasra, with the clubbed tip of the antenne flattish, and the wings plentifully covered with scales, the upper wings somewhat oval A . .
NYMPHALIDZ (Swatson).
Antenne with the club-shaped tip in some very flat, in others without any hook at the tip ; fore legs in both sexes somewhat short, the hind legs long, in some with forked claws, in others with only one nail; wnder wings with a
groove to receive the abdomen . :
Divided into
1. Nemeonrus, with the clubbed tips of the antenne abrupt, the eyes naked; the palpi very short .
2, Mexirma, with the clubbed tips of the antenne ab. rupt, the eyes naked, the palpi longer than the head, and the under palpi very hairy . : .
3, Anoynnis, with the clubbed tips of the antenna ab- rupt, the eyes naked, palpi longer than the head, and the under palpi scarely hairy é . F
4, tone with the clubbed tips of the antenna abrupt, the palpi with scales and few hairs ; the upper wings narrow, with a waved border, the under wings indented with a distinct tail F . . ses
5. Vanessa, with the clubbed tips of the antennz ab- rupt, the eyes downy, palpi hairy with few scales, and the upper wings angular, the under wings with a short tail . 8
6. Amrrauis, with the clubbed tips of the antenne abrupt, the eyes downy, palpi with a few hairs, thickly clothed with scales, the upper wings angular, the under wings round, indented, and without any tail « 10
on
xiv SYSTEMATIC TABLE
P.
7. Cynrura, with the clubbed tips of the antenna ab. tupt, the eyes downy, and the upper wings not angular . 8. Aratura, with the antenna gradually thicker, and the clubbed tips straight ; the eyes naked : . 9. Limenrtis, with the antenne gradually thicker, the clubbed tips straight, the eyes hairy . r 10. Hreparcura, with the antenne gradually thicker, and the clubbed tips more or less curved F :
LYC#NIDZ (Lracn).
Antenne, with the club-shaped tip in some flattish, in others not having a minute hook at the tip; fore legs rather short ; hinder shanks with a single pair of spurs at the points; under wings with a groove to receive the abdo- men , 4 . : ,
Divided into 1. TueEcta, with the clubbed tips of the antennwe not flat, and the eyes downy ; . 2. Lycxna, with the elubbed tips of the antenne not flat, and the eyes naked is ; . 3. Poryommarus, with the clubbed tips of the antenne flattish . 5 : . .
HESPERIDZ (Swainson).
Antenne, with the clubbed tip spindle-shaped in most instances, with a hook at the point; legs long; hinder shanks with two pairs of spurs, one pair in the middle and one at the point; claws very small; wnder wings with a groove to receive the abdomen E A F
Divided into 1, Taymece, with the clubbed tip of the antenne curved inwards . < . . . 2. Pampniza, with the clubbed tip of the antenna straight or very slightly curved . . :
AGE)
14 16
20
20 20
OF MOTHS.
MOTHS (Puatenz, Ray).
xv
Divided into Page
J, SPHINGINA (Rennie). Antenne tapering into a lub, in form of a prism or of a spindle, sometimes pectinated r serrated, and often with a tuft of hair or scales at the ip ; wings horizontal, in many transparent, with few or no cales on the disc, the first pair much the longest; tail ometimes in form of a brush : "
Divided into
1, Zycanipez ; 2. Spuinowwa; 3. Sesupz; 4. Ace- RUDA.
Il, BOMBYCINA (Rennie). Antenne more or less fringed or serrated, particularly in the males ; palpi round and short; jaws ma tongue very short (in some wanting), and not spiral ; wings undivided and with three corners ; body large ; tail frequently woolly ° 7
Divided into
1. Hertaripm; 2. Norovontipz ; 3. Bomaycrpe ; 4. Ancriups.
Ill, NOCTUINA (Rennie). Antenne in the males fringed, and in a few pectinated or serrated ; palpi flattish with the second joint large, and the tip short; jaws in most long and never wanting ; wings undivided, somewhat three cornered, in most deflected or incumbent, in some horizontal ; corselet frequently with a crest; tail in the males tufted . . :
Divided into
1. Lirnosips ; 2. Nocturne.
IV. GEOMETRINA (Renniz). Antenne either pec- tinated or plain; palpi short, roundish, generally with three joints; jaws short and membranaceous, sometimes wanting ; wings large, undivided and horizontal, or nearly $0, during repose ; corselet velvety or scaly, never crested or tufted ; tail of the male with a small tuft.
22
29
46
- 101
xvi SYSTEMATIC TABLE
Divided into 1, Geomernipe ; 2. Praryrrericipm; 3. Pyranipe. V. TORTRICINA (Rennie). Antenne either distant
or near at the base, in some very long, often pectinated or bearded in the males ; palpi rounded, velvety or scaly ;
PA
wings entire in some, divided in others a)
Divided into
1. Torrricipz; 2. Yronomeutipe ; 8. Tree ; 4. Axuciripe.
SPHINGINA (Rennie). Divided into,
1. Zycznipx, with the antenne spindle-shaped, with- out a bundle of scales at the tip; palpi long; abdomen ending in a small tuft; wings covered with powdery scales . . 5 . . 2. Spnincips, with the antenne prism-shaped, tipped with a scaly bristle, or naked ; palpi short ; abdomen not ending in a tuft . . . “
3. Sessirpx, with the antenne prism-shaped, having a slight hook and a slanting scaly projection at the tip ; palpi short ; abdomen ending in a tuft ‘ :
4. AScerupx, with the antenn@ spindle-shaped, and tipped with a plume of scales; palpi long; eyelets two very minute behind the antennwe ; abdomen ending in a tuft ; wings most frequently transparent,
ZYGANIDZ (Leacn).
Divided into
1. Ino, with the antenne either doubly pectinated, or simple and not curved . C air we 2. Anrnrocera, with the antenne haying an abruptly curving club at the tip . . .
2
OF MOTHS.
SPHINGID (Leacn). Divided into
indented
2. AcuErontia, with the wings entire and acute ; the ws short.
3. Sruinx, with the wings entire and acute ; the jaws ngish ; and the antenne not clubbed at the tip
4, Denernma, with the wings entire and acute ; the ws longish ; and the antenne clubbed at the tip “
SESSIID Ai (Sreruens). Divided into 1, Macroctossa, with the wings clothed with scales
d opaque. 2. Sesra, with the wings naked and their disc trans- arent. F 7 5 ‘ :
JEGERIID £2 (Sreruens). Divided into 1. TRocnit1uM, with the jaws vary short, and the an- nne shortish . 2, Aicertia, with the j jaws and antenne longish
BOMBYCINA (RENniE.)
Divided into
its Herratip®, with the jaws wanting, and the antenne form of a necklace, or bristle-shaped . 2. Bomnycipa, with the Jaws wanting, and the antennie t the most part doubly pectincate
3. Noroponrip®, with jaws more or less obvious but ery short
4. Anerips, with thejaws more 0 or less obvious, short, nd somewhat membranaceous. :
HEPIALID (Srerueys).
Divided into 1. Hepranus, with the antenne somewhat thread-like nd much shorter than the corselet J b
P. 1, Smerintuvs, with the aA more or less aogulat
xvii
26
27
27 27
26
XViii SYSTEMATIC TABLE
PA 2. Cossus, with the antenna bristle-shaped, as long as the corselet, with the tip indented on the inside : 3. Zeuzena, with the antenne bristle-shaped, as long as the corselet, with the tip not indented .
NOTODONTID (Stevens).
Divided into, 1. Pycxrnra, with the corselet crested, the wings denti- culated ‘ 3 . . : 2. Crosrera, with the corselet crested; the wings entire; the antenne short and curved . . 5 3. Episema, with the corselet crested ; the wings entire ; the antenna somewhat longish and straight. : 4. Cerura, with the corselet not crested; the wings longish and somewhat translucent . . 5. Purasra, with the corselet not crested; the wings longish, opaque, with the scales not elevated ; 6. Srauropvs, with the corselet not crested ; the wings longish, opaque, with the scales elevated : . 7. Enpromis, with the corselet not crested ; the wings short, broad, and somewhat triangular F . 8. Pritopuona, with the wings hairy, and entire at the tip . : ‘ * < 9, Perrpea, with the wings scaly, entire at the tip and somewhat translucent .« 5 ‘ * 10, Cxaonra, with the wingsscaly, entire at the tip and opaque. . 3 . . - 11. Noroponra, with the corselet not crested ; the tip of the wings more or less denticulated, having one indenta- fan on the back, first pair slightly long with the tip blunt . . . . 7 12. Lerocampa, with the corselet not crested ; the tip of the wings more or less denticulated, and having one indentation on the back, first pair longish with the tip rather acute. é . ° < 13. Lornorreryx, with the corselet crested ; the tip of the wings more or less denticulated, and having one in- dentation on the back a : a tere 14. Prenostoma, with the tip of the wings more or less denticulated, haying two indentations on the back ?
<>
j
OF MOTHS. xix
BOMBYCY DZ (Srepuens). Divided into PAGE
. Actata, with the second pair of wings entire,—all
h eyed spots ; each joint of the antennae nate singly
nched or toothed . - 36
. SarurnrA, with the second pair of wings entire,—
with eyed spots ; each joint of the antenne being ey
nched or toothed . - 36
. Paciocampa, with the second pair - of wings entire,
ll without eyed spots ; the first pair somewhat translu-
t, and longish with no central spot 5 . 38 . Errocasrer, with the second pair of wings entire, —
without eyed spots; the first pair somewhat translucent,
longish, with a central white spot. - 38 , Lastocampa, with the second pair of wings entire,—
without eyed spots; opaque and somewhat shortish,
teriorly rounded ; the tail slightly hai . . 37
Tricurura, with the second pair of wings entire,—
without eyed spots; opaque and somewhat shortish,
teriorly rounded; the tail very vent the antenne
ight . . 37 . CNETHOCAMPA, with the second pair of wings entire,
il without eyed spots, opaque and somewhat shortish,
leriorly rounded; the tail bei hairy; the antenne
ewhat curved - 38 » Crisrocampa, with the second pair of wings entire,—
without eyed spots; opaque, somewhat shortish, [eg
ly sete abrupt and rather acute 38
» Evrarena, with the second pair of wings more or less
tioulated ; : the palpi rather short . 39
0. Oponrsris, with the second pair of wings more or
denticulated ; the palpi longish ; the first pair of i
Ire . 39
1, Gasrroracna, with the second pair of wings more
ess denticulated ; the palpi ot Sg the first pair of
igs indented . . 39
be
xx SYSTEMATIC TABLE
ARCTIID (Leacn). Divided into F
1, Fumza, with the jaws indistinct; the wings not scaly, more or less translucent, rounded and very hairy «
2. Psycue, with the jaws indistinct; the wings not sealy, more or less translucent, longish and rather acute «
3. Penruoruera, with the jaws indistinct ; the wings more or less soul and clothed with minute scattered scales.
4. yPOGYMNA, with the jaws indistinct ; ; “the wings opaque and thickly scaled: the antenne pectinated or fringed ; the fore feet slightly hairy, and rather pence the first. joint of the palpi minute .
5. Pstiura, with the jaws indistinct ; the wings 0 aqua and thickly sealed ; the antenne pectinated or fringed ; the fore feet slightly hairy and rather slender; and the “first joint of the palpi longish and clubbed
6. Dasycurra, with the jaws indistinct; ‘the wings opaque and thickly scaled; the antenne pectinated or fringed ; the fore feet ven hairy and thick ; and the wings longish’ . .
7. Oroyia, with the j jaws indistinct ; 3 the wings opaque and thickly scaled; the antenne pectinated or fringed ; the fore feet very hairy and thick ; the wings shortish, triane gular, and wanting in the female
8. Hererocena, with the jaws indistinct ; the wings more or less opaque and thickly scaled; the antenna simple; the wings triangular and posteriorly somewhat abrupt +
9, Limacoprs, with the jaws indistinct ; the wings opaque and thickly scaled; the antennw simple; the wings longish and posteriorly rounded.
10. Coxocasia, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer than the head; the wings orally and thickly scaled ; the corselet crested
11, Arcrra, with the j jaws distinct and slightly longer than the head; the wings opaque and thickly scaled ; the corselet not crested ; ; the body ringed or spotted ; the first joint of the palpi longer than the second, and third joint rather acute . . : '
OF MOTHS.
12. Srrrosoma, with the jaws distinct and slightly nger than the head; the wings opaque and thickly aled; the corselet not crested; the body ringed or otted ; the first joint of the palpi longer than the second, d the third joint short and oval . . . 13. Evruemonra, with the jaws distinct and slightly nger than the head; the wings opaque and thickly aled; the corselet not crested; the body ringed or otted ; the first joint of the pl shorter than the second, d the third joint cylindrica . . . 14, Nemeornra, with the jaws distinct and slightly mger than the head; the wings opadie and thickly aled; the corselet not crested; the body ringed or otted ; the first joint of the palpi shorter than the second, d the third globose . . : D 15, Porrnesra, with the jaws distinct and slightly nger than the head ; the corselet not crested ; the body ot spotted, but crested at the tip . . . 16, Lexia, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer an the head; the wings more or less translucent, and inly clothed with a few scales; the body not spotted ; he palpi longish and very hairy . . . 17. Levcoma, with the jaws distinct and slightly longer an the head; the wings more or less translucent, and inly clothed with a few scales; the body spotted; the alpi shortish and acute . ‘ . 18, Puracmaropra, with the joints distinct and slightly nger than the head; the wings more or less translu- ent, and thinly clothed with a few scales; the body potted ; the palpi scarcely distinct, and hairy . 19. Diarnora, with the jaws distinct and slightly nger than the head ; the wings more or less translucent, nd thinly clothed with a few scales; the body spotted ; alpi distinct and scaly . F : 20, Hyrercampa, with the jaws much longer than the ead ; the wings thickly clothed with scales . 21, Nuparia, with the jaws much longer than the ead; the wings translucent and hairy ¥ 3
Xxi
PAGE
43
42
43
41
41
41
43
44
42 45
XXii SYSTEMATIC TABLE NOCTUINA (Rennie.)
Divided into F
1. Lirnosips, with the wings very long, most fre-
quently convoluted ; and the palpi cylindrical . 2. Nocrurp», with the wings slightly longish, not con- voluted; and the palpi somewhat flat . ’
LITHOSIID 4 (Sreruens). Divided into
1. Evrerra, with the first pair of wings oblong and somewhat elliptically abrupt; the palpi three-jointed; the jaws rather longer than the head : ‘
2. Derrera, with the first pair of wings oblong and somewhat elliptically abrupt, the palpi three-jointed ; the jaws much longer than the head; the second pair of wings somewhat translucent ° c
8. Gnornrra, with the first pair of wings oblong and soméwhat elliptically abrupt; the palpi three-jointed ; the jaws much longer than the head ; the second pair of wings opaque ° . . °
4, Lirnosra, with the first pair of wings oblong and somewhat elliptically abrupt ; the palpi two-jointed 3
5. Seria, with the first pair of wings somewhat three- cornered and not abrupt; the palpi three-jointed, and having the third joint much shorter than the second
6. Catrimorrna, with the first pair of wings somewhat three-cornered, not abrupt; the ws three-jointed, and having the third joint nearly equal to the second *
NOCTUID (Sreputns). Divided into 1. Pynopntta, with the body more or less flat; the wings incumbent, and the first pair with the hinder margin entire ; the corselet not crested; the palpi recurved d 2. Acroris, with the body more or less flat; the first pair of wings with the hinder margin entire, and having three stigmata; the corselet not crested; the palpi not recurved . : . .
3. Tripuena, with the body more or less flat; the first ir of wings with the hinder margin entire, and having 0 stigmata; the corselet not crested ; the palpi not curved . ; ‘ i 4, Acrepra, with the body more or less flat; the first ir of wings narrow, shining, and green; the corselet mewhat crested ; the palpi not longish, recurved, nor ak-shaped . . : . 5. Xyirva, with the body more or less flat ; the first ir of wings narrow, dull, wood-coloured; the corselet mewhat crested ; the palpi not longish, recurved, nor ak-shaped . . 5 é 6, Gua, with the body more or less flat; the first pair wings somewhat broad; the corselet woolly, transverse, d not lobed ° . : . 7, Ampniyra, with the body more or less flat; the ings incumbent, the first pair with the hinder margin ‘otched of indented ; the corselet not crested .
f wings with ragged teeth ; the second pair entire ‘ (14. "Proust, with the body not flat; the first pair of ngs acute, and more or less marked with metallic cha- cters ; the corselet crested ; the alpi ascending ~ 15, Dypreryera, with the ie not flat; the wings ncumbent, the first pair not folded, and having no metallic arks ; the corselet with a forked crest . ‘i 16. Catormnra, with the body not flat; the wings
OF MOTHS. Xxili
PAGE
48
74
63
62
63
63
65
81
71 89
93
63
XxXiV SYSTEMATIC TABLE
PA deflexed and banded with green; the corselet with a forked crest . ‘ . . : 17. Tracuea, with the body not flat ; the wings broad and very slightly notched ; the corselet with a forked crest ; the palpi short, projecting forward, with the last joint strongly distinct : eh . : 18. Porta, with the body not flat; the wings longish and spear-shaped ; the corselet with a forked crest; the palpi short, projecting forwards, with the last joint strongly distinet " . * ‘ 19. Hama, with the body not flat; the corselet without a forked crest . A . . 20. Mamesrra, with the body not flat; the palpi with the last joint almost concealed . . . 21. Herioruonus, with the body not flat ; the corselet somewhat crested ; the antennz (in the male) pectinated ; the jaws short . . A . 22. Cuarzas, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings having the hinder margin somewhat hooked ; the jaws longish ; the palpi ascending F F 23. Varerra, with the body not flat; all the wings narrowish, the hinder margin indented, the first pair poste- riorly rounded ; the corselet slightly hooded, with an un- divided crest; the antenne in both sexes pectinated B 24, Miseria, with the body not flat; all the wings narrowish, the first pair posteriorly rounded ; the antennw simple or slightly serrated 4 . : 25. Xyxopnasra, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings with the hinder margin somewhat abrupt . 26. Nonaoria, with the body not flat ; the first pair of wings with the hinder margin indistinctly notched, and somewhat abrupt ; the corselet with an undivided crest and hooded . : . . . 27. Cuanicrea, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings with the hinder margin indistinctly notched, and somewhat hooked ; the corselet with an undivided crest and hooded 2 A . ‘ ‘ 28. Cucurxra, with the body not flat; the first pair of wings indented, long, narrow, and acutely spear-shaped ; the corselet with an undivided crest and anteriorly hooded
wings indented and acute; the corselet with a forked est; the palpi longish, somewhat slender and ascend-
50. Apamera, with the body not flat; the first pair of ings indented and acute; the corselet with a forked rest; the palpi projecting forward, of moderate length, d somewhat clubbed > . ° 31. Mormo, with the body not flat; all the wings the pas margin rather deeply indented, of uniform colour ull . . : . . 32, Carocata, with the body not flat; all the wings road, with the hinder margin rather deeply indented, of eo colours, the second pair pretty, with a black order 3 . . . 33, Trrnxa, with the body more or less thick all the ings entire, soiled, with the hinder margin incurved, the eee rather broad, with the hinder margin somewhat ooke G : . . “ 84, Xawrnra, with the body more or less thick ; all the ings entire, and more or less golden yellow . 35. Myrna, with the body more or less thick ; all he wings entire, the first pair acute, the fringes of mode- te length : : 36. Caropnasra, with the body more or less thick ; all he wings entire, the first pair somewhat rounded, with the ringes longish a ‘ 5 ° 87. Tuyarma, with the body more or less thick; all he wings entire, the first pair broader, with the tip acute ; he palpi projecting forwards and distant; the corselet ith a forked crest posteriorly : . F 38. Dipurnena, with the body more or less thick; all he wings entire; the first pair greenish, variegated with lack, the second pair dull : . F 89. Crrico, with the body more or less thick ; all the Wings entire, the first pair duskyish, the second pair ellowish . . : : 40. Gonryna, with the body more or less thick; all Be wings entire, the first pair narrower, with the tip cute - . . .
OF MOTHS. XXV
PAGE 99. Aprosrota, with the body not flat; the first pair ,
92
71
99
99
83
85
59
91
81
8L
49
86
XXVi SYSTEMATIC TABLE
P. 41. Hapena, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire, the first pairnarrower, with the tip blunt; the fringes short ° . . : 42. Enemosta, with the body more or less thick; all the wings entire, the first pair narrower, with the tip blunt, the fringes longish . f . 43, Rusia, with the body more or less thick; all the wings entire, the first pair rather broad, with obscure Stigmata; the corselet somewhat crested ‘ a 44, Gnapuirnora, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first part rather broad, with three indistinct stigmata . . 45. Canapnina, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair narrow; the palpi with the last joint almost concealed = 6 . 46. Mrawa, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair narrow; the palpi with the last joint very distinct . . . 47. Bryoruita, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire; the first pair rather broad, blunt, the hinder margin round, pale, variegated with black; the corselet crested, and not scaly. 5 48. Srerrra, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire; the first pair rather broad, soiled, fringes short ; the corselet not crested, and scaly . i 49. Hexrornis, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair rather broad, acute, some- what unequally dilated ; the palpi ascending ; the corselet not crested, and scaly : i 50. Cymarornora, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire; the first pair yellowish, netted with tawny ; the palpi not ascending, projecting forwards, with the last joint acute O . ‘ 51. Cosmra, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire ; the first pair reddish, with a darker central band ; the palpi projecting forwards, not ascending, with the last joint acute . . : 52. Acronyera, with the body more or less thick ; all the wings entire; the first pair rather broad; the palpi with the last joint blunt . . ‘
53. Lyrma, with the body more or less thick ; all the ings entire; the first pair narrow, shining, with cross nes . 5 , 4 54, Bomnycra, with the body more or less thick ; all e wings entire ; the first pair narrow, shining, without oss lines; the palpi with the last joint ovally pointed . 55. Scoropuita, with the body more or less thick ; all e wings entire ; the first pair narrow, shining ; the palpi ith the last joint blunt. . 5 56. Grammesra, with the body more or less thick ; all e wings entire ; the first pair pale, not shining, with cross ines 9 ; . . 57. Leucanra, with the body more or less thick ; all the ings entire ; the first pair narrow, pale, not shining, and ithout cross lines ‘ . . 58. Cenaropacta, with the body more or less thick ; 1 the wings entire ; the corselet not crested, woolly, or kiny the antenne thickening or flat . . 50, Suuyra, with the body short ; the first pair of wings ngish, narrow, and acute; the antenna not thickening . 60, Acnarta, with the body short; the first pair of ings longish, narrow, and blunt; the antenne not thick- ning f : < ‘ 61. Onruosra, with the hody short; the first pair of ings longish and narrow ; the palpi very short and hairy, rojecting forward, with the last joint almost concealed 62. Semropnona, with the body short ; the first pair of ings longish and narrow; the palpi very short, very airy, projecting forward, the last joint almost concealed ; xserted, and deflexed * . i 63, Cermna, with the body short; the first pair of ings longish and narrow ; the palpi very short, very hairy, xserted, and not deflexed . 5 64, Apatexa, with the body longish ° . 65. Breria, with the body longish and slender; the ings entire; the palpi so short as to be scarcely per- ptible . : 4 < 66, Acosmer1a, with the body longish and slender ; the ay short, projecting forwards, very slightly ascending, ith the last joint exserted iS ; :
OF MOTHS. X¥xvii
PAGE
49
83
74
60
87
82 89
74
57
57
XXVili SYSTEMATIC TABLE
67. Ananta, with the body longish and slender; the palpi short, with the last joint concealed ; the second pair of wings yellow, with a black border
68. Sriusra, with the body longish and slender ; the second part of wings pale, shining, and not ornamented .
69. Aconrta, with the body longish and slender; the first pair of wings rhomboidal, somewhat shining, rather dilated at the base, with the hinder margin roundish ; the palpi of moderate length, and ascending
70. Evenasra, with the body longish and slender ; ; the first pair of wings longest, spear-shaped, shining, some- what dilated at the base, with the hinder margin rounded ; the palpi ascending
71. Evexrpra, with the body longish and slender ; the first pair of wings rather dilated at the base, with the hinder margin rounded, the tip acute, marked with geometric lines
72. Erasrrra, with the body longish and slender; the first pair of wings rather dilated at the base, with the hinder margin rounded, the tip acute, and not marked with lines .
73. Opuwwsa, with the body longish ; the first pair of wings not dilated at the base, with the hinder may repanded, the tip somewhat hooped
74. Puyromerra, with the body longish and slender ; A the first pair of wings not dilated at the base; roundish, not repanded ; the legs simple .
75. Carepura, with the body longish and slender; the hind feet very hairy, hairs short .
76. ScorrLorus, with the body longish and slender ; the hind feet very hairy, the hairs longish . F
—
GEOMETRINA (Renniz.) Divided into
1, Gzomerrip®, with two short palpi; the first pair of wings not hook shaped; the caterpillars measurers or loopers . . 10
2, Praryprenicipe, with two short palpi ; the first pair of wings for the most part hook shaped; the cater- pillars not measurers or loopers. B :
OF MOTHS. XXIX
PAGE
3, Pyratrpe, with two or four longish and large palpi ; the caterpillars in a leafy covering . - 145
GEOMETRIDA (Steruens.) Divided into
1, Gromerra, with all the wings acutely angular; the body somewhat thick . 104
2. Macarra, with all the wings acutely angular ; the first pair notched « 143
3. Ennomos, with the first pair of wings ‘ deeply notched, and the second | pairsomewhat angular. . 144
4, Ourapreryx, with the first pair of wings entire or
somewhat angular, the second part egulaly angular, yellow,
with twostreaks . + 108 5. Cutorrssa, with the first pair of wings entire, or
somewhat angular, the second pair acutely hela green,
with two pale streaks . - 109 6. Brapyerrres, with the first pair of wings entire, or
somewhat angular, the second Pu acutely angular, pale,
with a slanting red streak - 115 7, ‘Timanpra, with the first pair of wings somewhat
angular, the second pair acutely angular . . 143 8. Campma, with the first pair of wings somewhat,
angular, the second pair rounded and somewhat angular
green, with pale streaks 108 9. Ania, with the first pair of wings somewhat ‘angular,
the second pair rounded, somewhat angular, pole with rufous
streaks ° - 144 10. Eurymeng, with the first pair of wings somewhat
angular, the second pair rounded, somewhat angular, rusty
with darker lines sPuLG 11, Evrone, with the first pair of wings having two
darker streaks, the second pair rounded with toothed
erosions « 115 12. Prrieariia, with the first pair of wings variegated ; the antennae in both sexes pectinated . + 107
13. Himena, with the first pair of wings somewhat ru- fous, and thin, having two ae streaks, the second pair round and entire . - 104
XXX SYSTEMATIC TABLE
14. Crocatxis, with the first pair of wings yellowish, and having a darker band, the second pair rounded and entire . . . . 15. Venrtra, with the first pair of wings yellowish, spotted with black . .
16. Hemrruea, with the first pair of wings entire: the second pair, somewhat angular, green with two pale streaks
17. Epnyra, with the first pair of wings entire; the second pair, somewhat angular, pale, with a purple streak
or ringlet . . . 18. Emmecesia, with the first pair of wings entire; the second pair powdery with darker streaks . :
19. Hatta, with the first pair of wings entire; the second pair somewhat angular, powdery, with black letters, but without streaks 5 4 *
20. Oponrorrra, with the wings not angular, the first pair with toothed erosions, the second pair somewhat indented . P
21. Lamprorreryx, with the wings not angular, the first pair slantingly streaked, acute, having the hinder margin slightly rounded, and scarcely denticulated ; the second pair somewhat indented .
22. Scorosta, with the first pair of wings slantingly streaked, acute, and denticulated ; the second pair deeply indented : . F
23. Hemeropnica, with the first pair of wings some- what obtuse, the hinder margin rounded and slightly indented : > “ =
24. Camprooramma, with the first pair of wings streaked or banded across, acute, with numerous orna- mental wavings . : .
25. Anticixa, with the first pair of wings streaked or banded across, acute, with an insolid band in the middle
26. Evcosmia, with the first pair of wings streaked or banded across, and acute; the second pair deeply indented
27. Tripnosa, with the first pair of wings streaked or banded across, the hinder margin rounded, slightly acute ; the feet simple < . 7 -
28. Cuanissa, with the wings having a central ring; the first pair streaked or banded across ; the’ hinder margin
~
: P. ounded, slightly acute; the shanks of the hinder legs ickened . . . 29. Ancrnona, with the wings not angular, yellowish ith dots, and a darker crescent; the first pair entire, the econd pair somewhat deeply denticulated . 30. Hirraronus, with all the wings green, having in- istinet pale stripes . , . 31. Crrora, with all the wings powdered, having two eep black streaks minutely notched . A 82. Axcis, with the second pair of wings somewhat enticulated ; the shanks of the hinder legs thickened, d often with small bundle of hair i ‘ 33. Boarmra, with the second pair of wings somewhat enticulated; the shanks of the hinder legs slender and
34. Lanenrra, with the first pair of wings having a ther straight streaky band in the middle; the second air with the posterior margin waved . : 35. Exxcrra, with the wings yellowish ; the first pair anded and angular . . = 36. Porypnasra, with the wings prettily streaked; the st pair with a wavy insolid band in the middle 37. Pmiacarreryx, with the first pair of wings having slanting streaked band in the middle : 38. Eurnania, with the first pair of wings without ands, green, with darker streaks .
39. Rumra, with the first pair of wings not banded, llow, with brown waved streaks F 40. Meraniprr, with the first pair of wings not banded, hite, with an interrupted deep black border . 41, Srrenra, with the first pair of wings not banded, ale, netted with brown . ‘ : 42, Excopra, with the first pair of wings somewhat ifous, having two angular streaks ; second pair with the nder margin indistinctly waved - 43, Numerra, with the first pair of wings somewhat fous, having a hatehet shaped band; the second pair ith the hinder margin indistinctly waved a 44, Actoatra, with the first pair of wings pale, with ‘ownish streaks; the second pair with the hinder margin Istinctly waved : ’ :
.
OF MOTHS. XXxi
AGE
128
107 108 110
110
mple oe
117 123
Sal
126 126 107 125
. 108
113
XXxil SYSTEMATIC TABLE
PA\
45. Anraxas, with the first pair of wings pale, having deep black spots; the second pair with the hinder i ee indistinctly waved
46. Bistoy, with the wings entire, and without an- gles ; the body thick and hairy ; the jaws very short a |
47. Puicaxsa, with the wings entire, not angular; rather broad, or very short; the baby, thick and hairy; the jaws wanting .
48. Nyssra, with the wings entire, not angular, narrow, or wanting; the body thick and hairy 5!
49. Lonopuora, with the body seanter and scaly ; the wings more or less translucent and clear ; 3 the second pair short, with the base dilated or lobed
50, Anrtsopreryx, with the body slender or sealy ; the wings more or less translucent and clear; the second pair short, with the base simple ; the antenne fringed
51. Curimaropra, with the first pair of wings blunt, having the hinder margin rounded, with an insolid band in the middle . af
52. Ororasia, with the ‘first pair of wings blant having brown waved streaks :
53. Hiernra, with the first pair of wings blunt, having the hinder margin somewhat abrupt towards the posterior angle |
54, Tuera, “alin the first pair of wings acute, with the hinder margin rounded
55. Pacuycnemia, with the wings opaque, dull or slightly lucid: the first pair longish and narrow, with the shank of the hinder legs thickened 1
56. Cursias, with the wings opaque, dull, or slightly lucid ; the first pair longish and narrow ; the shank of the hinder legs slender .
57. Lozocramma, with the wings opaque, dull, or slightly Incid; the first pair longish, broadish, acute, with a slanting streak at the tip; the shanks of the hinder legs thickened a
58. Puastane, with the wings opaque, dull, or slightly lucid ; the first pair with two streaks, and an interjacent dusky spot; the shanks of the hinder legs slender :
59. Awarnss, with the first pair of wings having an insolid middle band; the forehead very prominent dl
OF MOTHS. XXxXili
PAGE 60. Cetma, with the first pair of wings having an in olid middle band; the forehead slightly prominent - 124 61. Hanravyer, with the first pair of wings rather long, cute, the hinder margin somewhat abrupt, with a solid and in the middle; the base underneath not crested . 119 62. Srrcanotopura, with the first pair of wings rather long, acute; the hinder margin somewhat abrupt, with a olid band in the middle ; the base underneath with a long oncealed crest F J - 122 63. Aptocera, with the first pair of wings rather long, aving an insolid band in the middle , - 136 64. Speranza, with the first pair of wings rather long,
ith no bands, yellow or rusty . - 101 65. Buparus, with the wings erect ; the first pair not anded ; the legs short ‘ 5 - 102 66. Stowa, with the wings spotless; the first pair not anded ; the legs very long . . ' 67. Masta, with the first pair of wings pale, and having Wo black cross streaks . 5 . 102 68. Asprares, with the first pair of wings yellow, aving two slanting buff-coloured streaks . 116
69. Euprrnecra, the first pair of wings longish, blunt, € posterior margin rounded ; the second pair short 132 70. Prycuoropa, with the first pair of wings streaked toss, the border waved; the second pair not short; the
inder legs bearded or thick e - 140 71. Paciopnasta, with the first pair of wings not Btreaked ; the margin black ‘ - 142
72. Hyrra, with the first pair of wings not streaked ; e hind feet simple 139
73. Minoa, with all the wings rounded, of one colour; lack or brick red 136
74, Creoorne, with all the wings rounded; of one
lour, white or yellow / . 136 5. Psovos, with all the wings rounded; black, with Sper streaks or tawny bands P . 101 17, Petronra, with all the wings rounded ; yellowish,
| ith purple streaks f ‘ 116 78. Casena, with all the wings rounded ; white, with
| sky cross streaks . : » 118
d
XXxiV SYSTEMATIC TABLE
a r
79. Xerenx, with all the wings rounded ; white, with an interrupted black border " ‘3 80. Barra, with all the wings rounded ; snow white, with very indistinct dusky streaks : ‘ 81. Fmonra, with all the wings rounded, powdery, and with dusky uniting streaks ; the antenne much pectinated. 82. Crparra, with the first pair of wings, with a some-
what solid band in the middle é : 83. Emmetest, with the first pair of wings haying nu- merous waved streaks 7 4
PLATYPTERICID& (Srepurns).
The body slender ; the antenne of the male for the most part pectinated ; two palpi short, awl-shaped, curved towards the tip; the caterpillar lizard-shaped, behind tapering, without any clinging feet.
Divided into 1. Prarypreryx 2. Drupana 5 F | i 3. Cinix F cS i F
PYRALID4 (Leacn).
The body always slender; the antenne of the male bristle-shaped, and-rarely pectinated.
Divided into, 1. Hypena f , 2. Potyrocon 3. Mapora 4, Crepropia ; x 5, Actossa . 3 F ' 6, Pynaxis ' . F 7. AcRrorera x ; J 8. Srmaéruis 2 ; e 9. Ennyouta ‘ . il 10. Pyravusra 11. Hyprocamra 12. Diapnania
A
TORTRICINA (Rennie).
Divided into,
1, Tonrnicrpm, with the antenne always bristle-shaped ; he wings with their outer margin arched at the base, and 0 narrowed as to give the insect a short broad form
OF MOTHS, XXXV
PAGK 13. Borys ‘ . 151 14. Marcariria . 151 15. Scoputa . . 154 16. Nora . 154 17. Asopia » 148 18. Nympnuta » LL
t the shoulders 155 2. Yronomevripm®, with the under palpi reg than ie head, often in form of a muzzle . 186 3. Tinempx, with the wings rarely rounded ‘at the tip, ftener acute, convoluted and deeply fringed ; first pair ong and narrow, the second pair broad and folded during lepose, - 211 4, Awerms, with the body and feet long and slender ; e wings, particularly the second pair, divided lengthwise the form of feathers ; the antenna always bristle-shaped. 229 TORTRICID£E (Stevrnens.) Divided into, 1, Cutorrnona ‘ : . - 155 2, Torrrix 155 3. Lozormnia . 166 4. Ampnisa , - 158 5. Diruta A 4 - 158 6. Anriruesta 159 7, Serronora 160 8. Psruporom1a 162 9, Srecanoprycua 164 10, AncnyLorena 166
SYSTEMATIC TABLE
» SEMAsIA
. Apneria
» CNEPHASIA
. Onrnorenia
. Pacitocuroma : fi ‘ . Prycnotoma
Evcuromia Lornoprrus
. Sarnoruripus . Prronea . Panamesta
LeprocramMMA
. Giypnista ‘ ‘ . Dicrvorprenyx
CuermaTornicLa f
. Ancyro10za
ARGYROLEPIA
» Eveaeciiia
Purnrocnroa Lozorera
. XANTHOSETIA
. Puriarocera
. Hypercanria
. ORnrHoreLia
. Pnoxorreris é P ‘
Carpocarsa
. TEras F . Cocny1is 5 5
YPONOMEUTID& (Sirrurns.) Divided into
. Depressania
. ANacampsis 7
. Lornonorus
. Curianta. ‘ : . Recurvarra
. Macrocmina ;
. Enicostoma
. Dasycrera
OF MOTHS. XXXVIi
PAGE 9. AnELa 5 ; - 195 10, Carinnaria : z : . 196 ll. Drurnea . 5 . 197 12. Epicrapnia ‘ ‘ . 197 13. Mr.anotevca 7 4 f . 197 14. Yronomeura ‘ 4 . 197 15. Ancynoseria q 5 . 200 16, AnGyRromicrs A & . 200 17. Henriria ; r c . 202 18. Microserra 5 5 . 203 19. Gcoruora A ‘ . 206 20. Pancania : 4 r + 207 21. Porrecraria a . - 209
TINEID (Sreruens.) Divided into 1. Gatienia f r . 211 2. Tivrnta . ‘i 5 ae a 3, Mexia p ' dl > BIL 4, Ruporea 5 : Pehl 5. Puycrra : 1212 6. Oncocera ; ; F « 216 7. Cramnus 5 5 . 216 8. Curto : ‘ ; . 218 9. PLurevia " . . 219 10. Yrsoropnus F ‘ . . 220 11. Evprocamus x . 221 12. Tinga é . » 222 13. Lerrpocera z 2 . 223 14, Incurvartia 7 é A . 223 15. Lampronra 4 fe - 225 16. Gracirnartra “ F ‘ 227 ALUCITIDE (Leacu.) Divided into
1, Prrnornonus , : 229
2. Avucita ri ‘ s . 231
Page 2, Sealy ll, 22, 28, 29, 36, ib. 44, $2, 128 & 129, 141, 170, 173, 174, 184, 188, 196, 200, ib. 202, 207, 215,
ERRATA.
for Euprome,
— Lavana,
— Leminitis
— Statice,
— Ichneumen, — Hepilade,
— Agiaia,
— Pavenia-minor, — Rubia,
— CEROPACHA, — Amulet,
— Limbounbata, Lent, purfurana, subfasciara, subroseana, costana, gellatela,
CALERA)
— Green-lettered Gold,
— aurivitella, — obesurella, — Fuesby’s, — Latine,
read Europome.
etl Toe eee latel
Levana, Limenitis. Statices. Ichneumon. Hepialida. Aglia. Pavonia-minor. Rubea. CERATOPACHA, Annulet. Limboundata. Kent. furfurana. subfasciana. rubroseand, costosa. gelatella. Greek-lettered Gold. aurivittella. obscurella. Fuesly’s. Satin.
CONSPECTUS
OF
BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS.
CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES.
PAPILIONIDZE (Lracn).
PAPILIO (Ray).
Palpi very blunt and short, scarcely reaching the hood (ely- peus), the third joint wanting or very small ; antenne with more than thirty joints, and the clubbed tips somewhat curved, feet (tarsi) with distinct claws not forked; upper wings triangular, somewhat curved like a sickle at the outer edge; under wings with a pointed tail, the inner margin with a scollop to receive the abdomen.
Egg not known; caterpillar without hairs, with an organ in the neck in form of a Y, which can be protruded or retracted at pleasure; chrysalis, girt with silk, angular, with two ears.
Tue QureEN (Papilio Regine, De GrerR) appears the end of gMay and beginning of August. Wings three inches seven~- twelfths, somewhat indented; yellow with a black margin, and yellow crescents; the under wings with a tail, and red and blue eyespot. Caterpillar, smooth, pale green, with black, red-spotted rings, feeds on fennel and wild carrots in July and September. Chrysalis yellowish green. Notcommon, Kent, Norfolk, Hants, Cambridge.
The scarce SwALLOw Tatu (P, Podalirius, LINN.) It is very doubtful whether any specimen has been found in Britain, The New Forest specimen proved to be P. Regine.
GONEPTERYX (Leacn). -
Palpi very flat, short, but longer than the head, the tip joint short ; antenne with less than thirty joints, short, thick, with the clubbed tip becoming gradually thicker; feet (¢arsi) with the claws short and forked; wpper wings somewhat three cornered ; under wings somewhat egg-wedge shaped, with a groove to re- ceive the abdomen.
Egg not known; caterpillar withont hairs; chrysalis, girt with silk, somewhat angular, with a beak.
Tue Primrose (Gonepterye Rhamni, LEACH) appears the middle of February, beginning of June, and in autumn. Wings two inches and a half; angular; primrose yellow in the Male, greenish white in the female, each with a darker spot.
B
2 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES.
Caterpillar, pale green, with a whitish stripe on the sides, feeds on the buckthorn and berry bearing alder (Rhamnus frangula) ; Chrysalis greenish, suspended. Common in the south.
COLIAS (Fasricrus),
Palpi projecting beyond the head, very flat, the tip joint the shortest ; antenna with less than thirty joints, short, rather slender, the clubbed tip blunt; fee¢ with small, weak, forked claws ; upper wings somewhat three cornered ; under wings roundish, with a groove to receive the abdomen.
Egg not known ; caterpillar warty, and without hairs ; chry- salis, girt with silk, somewhat angular, with a beak.
Tue CLoupEp Sutpuur (Colias Euprome, STEPHENS) appears the middle of August and in September. Wings two inches to two inches one-sixth; above very pale sulphur yellow (Ste- phens’ specimen) with a black border, spotted, in the female, with yellow; in the centre of the upper wing a black spot, and in that of the under aneye spot. Caterpillar and chrysalis un- known. Very rare, and even doubtful as a native. East coast,
Tae scarce CLoupEp YeLLow%C, Paleno, STEPHENS) very doubtful as a British species.
Tne CLoupep GoipENn (C. Chrysotheme, StupaENns) appears in September. Wings one inch two-thirds to one inch five- sixths ; above golden yellow with a black border, spotted in the female with yellow; the upper wings rounded. Probably asmall pale variety of C, /dusa. Norfolk.
Tue CLoupep SAFFRON (C. Edusa, FAnricius) appears the’ middle of August, and early in spring. Wings one inch two. thirds to two inches one-third ; above deep saffron yellow, some: times with a rosy gloss, with a black border, spotted in the fe- male with yellow; upper ones with a black spot in the centre; the under ones greenish underneath, with a silvery spot; some with five or six reddish brown spots. Caterpillar, dull green, with a white stripe on each side, feeds on grass. Chrysalis green, with yellow and black lines. Not common, Norfolk, Kent, De- von, Jersey.
Tax Waite CLoupEp Yetiow (C. Helice, Huser) is probably only a pale variety of C, Kdusa.
Tue Croupep Yeuuow (C. Hyale, StrpHens) appears the middie of August. Wings two inches to two inches one-sixth j above pale sulphur yellow or creamy white, with a black bordet, spotted in a continuous line, the upper with a black spot in the centre, the under with a silvery spot; female whitish. Cater pillar green and velvety, two yellow lines on the sides; feeds on papilionaceous plantsin July. Chrysalis green, with yellow lines on the sides. Rare. Kent, Norfolk.
PONTIA (Fanricivs). Palpi short, with three joints, the tip joint longer than the
. CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES, 3
second; anfenne with more than thirty joints, long and slender, the clubbed tip flattish and abrupt; feet with very short forked claws ; upper wings somewhat three cornered, with a blunt cor- ner at the tip; wnder wings not variegated beneath,
Egg somewhat flask shaped, with elevated ribs ; caterpillar somewhat spindle shaped, downy, and in some warty ; chrysalis, girt with silk, angular, with asharp beak,
Tuk CABBAGE (Pontia Brassica, SrapuENs) appears the mid- dle of May, and the middle of August or beginning of September. Wines two inches and a half to three-fourths ; white ; first pair above with the tip blackish, the inner edge of the black deeply indented beneath with two black spots ; second pair rather long, yellowish underneath. Caterpillar greenish, with small black warts, and a yellow line on the back and sides; tail black. Chry-
salis pale green with black spots, and three yellow stripes, Very common,
Tok EArty CApnace (P. Chariclea, STEPHENS) appears the beginning of May and end of June. Wings two inches one- fourth to one-half ; white ; first pair above clouded with some- what ashy black, and with yellowish white fringes; the inner edge of the black on the tip not indented; underneath with two black spots; second pair rather short; beneath yellowish, and much sprinkled with very minute black points, Perhaps only a variety of P. Brassice. Herts and Derbyshire.
Tae Turnip (P. Rape, Stepnens) appears the end of April or middle of May, and beginning of July or middle of August. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two inches and a half; white or yellowish white; first pair above with the tip pale dusky, and the base a little blackish ; beneath, in the male with one, and in the female with two black spots; second pair rather long ; un- derneath bright yellowish, sprinkled with very minute black points at the base. Caterpillar green, with a brass-coloured line on the back, and yellow spots on the sides. Chrysalis green. ish, with three sulphur-coloured lines, Very common in gardens.
Tak Earty Turntpe (P. Metra, Srepnens) appears the begin- ning of April and end of June. Wings one inch two thirds to eleven-twelfths ; white, black at the base; first pair above with the tip slightly clouded; beneath without spots, or with one only in the male, and two faint black spots in the female ; Second pair rather short; underneath yellowish, sprinkled with very minute black points, Probably only a variety of P. Rape, Herts and Surrey.
Tur NAvew (P. Napi, SreeuEns) appears the middle of May and beginning of July. Wings one inch one-third to two inches ; above white, beneath with dilated greenish nervures ; first pair With the tip black, one black spot in the male and two in the female ; the second pair rather long, yellowish. Caterpillar, green, with white warts and black eyes, feeds on the navew and other brassicee. Chrysalis green, with spots on the head and back. Very common,
B2
4 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES.
Tur Great Navew (P. Napee, Steeuens). Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches one-sixth ; milk-white ; first pair above with a spot, the tip and some dashes black; second pair pale, with the three first nervures dilated and greenish. Most pro- bably only a large variety of P. Napi.
THe CoLewort (P. Sabellice, SrsPHENS) appears the begin- ning of June. Wings one inch seven-twelfths—five-sixths ; roundish ; above whitish, with a blackish base, and on both surfaces the nervures dusky; above, the first pair with one dusky spot in the male and two in the female; beneath, first pair with the tip, and the second pair (which are rather short) yellowish, Probably only a variety of P. Napi. Surrey and Middlesex.
MANCIPIUM (FAsricivs). Palpi short, with three joints, the tip joint shorter than the se- cond ; antenne with the clubbed tips flattish and grooved ; upper wings distinctly round at the tip; wader wings variegated beneath,
Tur Rocker (M. Daplidice, HusneR) appears April, May, and August. Wings one inch five-sixths; white; first pair in the male spotless, in the female with a central spot, and the tip black ; the second pair beneath yellowish green, in the male spotless, in the female with white spots; the margins of all the wings dusky. Caterpillar dull blue striped with yellow, and dotted with black ; head green, with yellow stripes and black dots: it feeds on wild woad, base rocket, cabbage, &c. Chry- salis brown or green, Rare. Bath, Bristol, Hampstead, Cam- bridge, Dover, Canterbury.
Tur Woop Lapy (M. Cardamines, Huanwr) appears the end of May. Wings oneinch one-third to two inches one-twelfth ; white; first pair with a black central crescent on both surfaces, and in the male a large saffron-coloured spot towards the tip; second pair variegated underneath with yellowish green. Caterpillar, solitary, green, with a white stripe above the legs, feeds on lady’s smock, field-cabbage, &c. Chrysalis green, with a slen- der white streak on the sides; on the wing-cases of the male is a saffron-coloured spot. Common in fields and lanes, and near woods.
LEUCOPHASIA (SterneEns).
Palpi very short, with three joints, the first large, the second small, the tip one minute and globular ; antenne with the clubbed tip flattish and abrupt; feeé with distinct forked claws; wings opaque, and plentifully covered with scales, very narrow, wedge shaped, round at the tip; under wings with a slight groove,
Tux Woop Ware (L. Loti, RENNre,) appears the end of May and beginning of August. Wings \one inch one- third to one inch five sixths; white, spotless ; first pair above dusky at the tip; second pair underneath clouded with ashy. Caterpillar, green, with a deep yellow stripe on the sides, feeds on the bird’s foot trefoil and pea everlasting. Chrysalis greenish, with a yellow streak on the sides, and white spots 08
CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 5
the segments. Not common. Kent, Surrey, Essex, Devon, Forest Hill, Darenth Wood.
PIERIS (Scuranr).
Palpi short, with three joints, the first long, the second half as long, and the tip joints halfas long ; antenna, with the clubbed. tips flattish and abrupt; feet with very short forked claws and cushions; wings entire, sparingly covered with scales, and somewhat translucent ; upper wings somewhat triangular ; wnder wings somewhat oval, with a groove to receive the abdomen.
Egg not known ; caterpillar somewhat spindle shaped, hairy, ae warty ; chrysalis, girt with silk, angular with a blunt
eak,
Tor HAWTHORN (Pieris Crategi, ScuRANK) appears in June. Wings two inches one-third to five-sixths; of a uniform white, with black nervures. Caterpillar, at first gregarious and black, afterwards with a black line on the back and sides, feeds on the hawthorn and fruit trees. Chrysalis lemon-coloured or whitish, with black streaks and spots. Not common. Coombe Wood, Surrey, New Forest.
DORITIS (Fapricius).
The Crimson Rincep (D, Apollo, Sreruens). Indigenous to Norway, and said to be British by mistake,
The Apinr Wnite (D, Mnemosyne, SterHens). Indigenous to the Alps, and said to be British by mistake.
—o— NYMPHALIDZ (Swainson).
A. FRITILLARIES,
NEMEOBIUS (SrEernHEns).
Palpi very short and hairy, with three joints, the first very small, and the third about half as long as the second; antenne with clubbed tips, short and flattish ; fore legs short and hairy ; hinder legs without spurs; feet with minute undivided claws ; upper wings short and triangular ; wnder wings somewhat round and indented.
Egg ; caterpillar ; chrysalis, not known.
Tue Duxe (N. Lucina, SrepHeNs) appears the end of May and June. ngs one inch to one inch one-third ; first pair black, Spotted with tawny; second pair underneath with two bands of whitish spots. The female darker-coloured above. Caterpillar Said to feed on grasses. Not common. Woods in Kent and Surrey, New Forest, Dorsetshire and Berkshire.
MELITA (Fapricius). 7 Palpi longer than the head, very hairy, with three joints, the first slightly bent, the third in some half the length of the second,
6 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES.
in others short and minute; antenne with more than thirty joints, the clubbed tips short, abrupt, blunt, large, and flattish ; fore legs small, the feet with a small cushion, in some the nails are double, in others undivided ; upper wings longish and trian. gular; under wings roundish,
Egg notknown; caterpillar downy, with spines in some, and fleshy warts in others ; chrysalis somewhat angular with a blunt head, suspended by the tail.
Tue YeLLow Crescent (M. Athalia, SrmpuEns) appears the end of May and beginning of July. Wings one inch seven- twelfths to three-fourths ; above black tessellated with tawny ; second pair underneath with tawny spots at the base, a band of yellow spots in the middle, and a row of yellow crescents at the tip; male smaller and more distinctly marked. Caterpillar brown. Not common. Caen Wood, Middlesex ; Dartmoor, Devonshire, and Hartley Wood; Essex, Dover.
THE MoRNING Crescent (J. Pyronia, Srernens) appears in June. Wings one inch seven-twelfths ; first pair above tawny, with black blotches, underneath with a black band and tawny nervures ; second pair black with a tawny streak, underneath with a whitish band and black spots and nervures, Probably only a variety of M. Athalia. Rare, Middlesex and Peckham, Surrey.
Tne Brack Crescent (M. tessellata, SrepuENs) appears the beginning of May. Wings one inch two-thirds ; above tawny, tessellated with black; second pair underneath straw colour, with three yellowish bands and black crescents ; the fringes white, intersected with black. Caterpillar black, with a pale line on the sides. Probably only a variety of M. Athalia. Very rare. Caen wood, Middlesex.
Tue Scasrous (M. Artemis, LeAcn) appears the middle of May, and rarely quits its natal field Wings one inch one-third to one inch eleven-twelfths ; above tawny, waved with black, and spotted with yellowish ; second pair underneath with three buff- coloured bands, and, on both surfaces, a streak of eye-like spots. Female larger and more distinctly marked. Caterpillar, black above, and yellowish beneath, with a row of white dots on the back and sides, feeds on the devil’s bit secabious (Scadiosa succisa) &c, Remains in society under a silken web from Sep- tember till the middle of April. Chrysalis greenish white, with black spots and yellowish tubercles on the hinder part of the body. Notcommon. Norfolk, Suffolk, Middlesex, Devon.
THe GLANVILLE (M. Cinvia, LeAcn) appears the middle of June, Wings one inch three-fourths to eleven-twelfths ; above orange tawny, tessellated with black; second pair underneath with three yellowish bands, edged and spotted with black, and towards the hinder margin, on both surfaces, a row of eye-like spots. Female darker below than the male, Caterpillar black, with a row of white spots on the sides ; it feeds on various kinds of plaintain, appears in autumn, and lives in society beneath a silken web till April. Chrysalis brown beneath, with tawny
’ CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 7
stripes. Very uncommon. Middlesex, Kent, Hampshire, York- shire, Lincolnshire, Bedfordshire; near Dover.
Tue AsrEen (M. Maturna, Sternens), Said to be British on doubtful authority,
Tar Goppess (M. Dia, Sreeuens). A continental species, said to be British by mistake,
Tue StrveR Sror (M. Silene, LeAcw) appears on heaths and in woods, in May, the beginning of July, and in August. Wings one inch two-thirds to eleven-twelfths ; tawny, spotted with black ; second pair underneath variegated with red and yellow, with twelve silvery spots, a black eye-like spot, with a red pupil, and towards the hinder margin, a streak of black spots. Varies much, Caterpillar black, with a clear stripe on the sides; the
spines half yellow. Common in the south of England, Essex, Devon.
Tae Prince (M. Kuphrosyne, LeAcn) appears in May. Wings one inch three-fourths to eleven-twelfths ; orange tawny, spotted with black ; second pair underneath variegated with red and yellow, with nine silver spots, seven of which are placed on the hinder margin, one wedge-shaped in the middle, and one at the base, with a yellow eye-like spot, having a black pupil. Varies much, Caterpillar, black, with two orange-spotted streaks on the back, feeds on violets, such as the viola lutea, and viola canina, Common in woods in the south of England. Penge Common, Essex, Devon, and near Edinburgh,
ARGYNNIS (FApricrvus).
Palpi not much longer than the head, divergent, hairy, with three joints, the first curved, the second broad, the third needle- shaped, and very small; antenne with more than thirty joints, the clubbed tips short, abrupt, blunt, large, and flattish; fore legs short, the claws with double nails ; upper wings triangular ; under wings somewhat round, and both more or less indented, Females usually darker than the males.
Egg conical, with a round point, and many elevated ribs: caterpillar with spines; chrysalis somewhat angular, commonly with metallic spots, the head notched, suspended by the tail.
Tue Princess (A, Lathonia, Leacn) appears in May, August, and September. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches one- twelfth ; tawny orange, distinctly spotted with black; second pair underneath with numerous silvery spots, and, towards the hinder margin, a row of seven red eye-like spots, having a sil- very pupil. Caterpillar, brown-grey, with a whitish line on the back, and two brownish ones on the sides, the spines and legs pale yellow, feeds on heart’s-ease and saintfoin, Chrysalis dull brown, with a yellow stripe on the back, sprinkled with gold and silver dots; a white streak at the end of the wing-cases.
Very scarce. Norfolk, Battersea, Surrey, Kent, Hertford, Cam- bridgeshire.
. Aspor’s (A, Niobe, SterHENs), Said to be British on doubtful authority,
8 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES.
Tue Hien Brown (A. Adippe, Leacn) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings two inches anda half to three-quarters ; orange tawny, spotted with black; second pair underneath yellowish red, with many silvery spots, and a streak of three or four red eye-like spots, having a silvery pupil, which vary much. Caterpillar, brownish, with a whitish stripe on the back, edged with black dots, feeds on the dog’s violet and hearts’ ease. Chrysalis reddish, with silver spots. South of England, Suffolk, Essex, Devon, woods near Reading.
Tae DARK Green (A. Aglaia, Leacn) appears the beginning of July and August. Wings two inches one third to five-sixths; orange tawny, spotted with black ; second pair underneath greenish yellow, with twenty-one silver spots. Caterpillar dusky, with a yellow line on the back, and a row of eight square spots on each side ; it feeds on the dog’s violet, Chrysalis brownish red. Rather uncommon. Suffolk, Essex, Kent, Devon, Berks.
A. Charlotta, (SoweRsy), is only a variety of A. Aglaia.
THE Sirver Streak (A. Paphia, LeAcn) appears the begin- ning of July. Wings two inches two-thirds to three inches ; tawny, spotted with black; second pair greenish underneath, with four narrow silvery bands. Caterpillar, solitary, brownish, with a yellow line down the back, feeds on the dog’s violet, raspberry, and nettle. Chrysalis greyish, with yellow points. Rather uncommon. Suffolk, Essex, Kent, Devon, Berks, Penge Common.
—e
B. SWIFTS,
COMMA (Rennir).
Palpi thickly clothed with scales and a few short hairs; an- tenna@ with the clubbed tips abrupt; fore /egs short and very hairy; upper wings narrow, with irregularly waved edges ; under wings with indentations and a short tail,
Tue Comma (Comma C. album, Rennie) appears the end of June and middle of September. Wings one inch three- quarters to two inches one twelfth; above dark orange, spotted with black and brown; second pair underneath marked with a reversed and snowy white C. Caterpillar, brownish red, with the fore-part of the back yellow, and the other white, feeds on hop, willow, elm, gooseberry, currant, nettle, hazle, and honeysuckle. Chrysalis flesh-coloured, with a contraction in the middle, and spotted with gold, Rather uncommon, York and South of England, Suffolk, Herts, Penge Common, on poppies.
Pe _. VANESSA (Famrictvs). Palpi hairy, with a few scales intermixed, more than twice the length of the head, projecting obliquely, the tips beaked, with three joints, the first short and curved, the second long,
CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 9
the third the length of the first, and needle shaped; antenne longish, with about thirty joints, the clubbed tips oblong and abrupt; eyes very downy; fore leys very hairy, somewhat like a tippet ; feeé with long double claws, or with a nail-like projection; upper wings somewhat curved, and three cornered ; under wings somewhat three cornered, with a short tail, and a groove to receive the abdomen.
Egy oval, with many elevated ribs (except in V. Polychloros) ; caterpillar with divided spines; chrysalis somewhat angular with two ears, commonly gilded with metallic spots, suspended
_ by the tail.
Tue Exm (Vanessa Polychloros, LEAcH) appears the middle of July. Wing's two inches one-third to three inches; dark orange, inwardly covered with tawny hairs, and scales at the base, and clouded with black beneath; second pair with the hinder mar- gin black, with blue crescents; all the wings underneath ash- coloured, with black bands. Caterpillar, blackish, with a yellow stripe on the side, feeds on elm, dog-wood, and fruit trees; when young it is gregarious. Chrysalis flesh-coloured. Not uncommon. Suffolk, Essex, Middlesex, Surrey, Kent, Hamp- shire, Devon, Isle of Wight.
Tae TorrorsesuEe. (V. Urtice, Leacn) appears in spring, the end of June, and beginning of September. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches one-third ; above deep orange, base black, hinder margin black, with a series of blue crescents ; second pair covered with long tawny hairs at the base. Cuater- pillar, dusky, head black, feeds on nettle; when young it is gregarious. Chrysalis greyish, spotted with gold on the neck, eae sometimes entirely gold-coloured, Common throughout the
ingdom,
Tar Peacock (V. Io, LeEAcn) appears in spring and the middle of July, till late in autumn. Wings two and a half to three inches; above purplish, or reddish brown, with a large eye-like Spot near the tip of the first, and towards the margin of the Second pair; underneath brown, marbled, banded, and spotted with black. Caterpillar, gregarious, black, spotted with white, the feet rust-coloured, feeds on the nettle. Chrysalis green, gold spotted. Common in the south of England, and found also in Yorkshire and in Scotland.
THe Wittow (V. Antiopa, LeAcn) appears in spring, the beginning of August and middle of September. Wings two inches five sixths to three inches one-sixth; above pur- Plish, posterior margin whitish or straw-coloured, (in foreign Specimens buff or orange), with a series of violet-blue spots interiorly, The first pair have the upper edge marked with White, with two white spots near the tip; the second pair have & central white spot. Caterpillar, gregarious, black, with square Yeddish rusty spots on the back, feeds on the willow, birch, and poplar, Chrysalis black, spotted with tawny. Rare. Nor- folk, Suffolk, Essex, Worcester, Berks, Oxford, Cambridge, Middlesex, Herts, Kent, Epping Forest.
x
10 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES.
AMMIRALIS (REnnte).
Palpi thickly clothed with scales, and a few hairs intermixed ; antenne with the clubbed tips abrupt ; eyes downy ; upper wings angular; under wings round, indented, and without any tail.
Egg oval, with many elevated ridges; caterpillar solitary, with toothed spines; ehrysalis somewhat angular, commonly gilt, and suspended by the tail.
Tae ALDERMAN (Ammiralis Atalanta, RENNIE) appears in spring, the middle of July and the beginning of August, until November. Wings two inches and a half to three inches ; deep silky black, edged with white crescents: first pair with a trans. verse, somewhat interrupted, orange-red band on both sur- faces ; second pair with a marginal row of black spots. Cater- pillar, solitary, greenish, with a yellow line on the back, feeds on the nettle. Chrysalis blackish, ashy-grey beneath, with gold spots. Common everywhere.
CYNTHIA (Fasnicivs), ‘ Palpi thickly clothed with scales and short hair, with three joints, the first short and curved, the second long and flattish, the third longer than the first, and needle shaped; antenne with nearly forty joints; the clubbed tips very short, abrupt, and flattish ; eyes very downy; fore legs very hairy, somewhat like a tippet; feet with short cushions and long claws, somewhat forked ; wings with scollops ; upper wings triangular and some- what curved; under wings somewhat oval, wedge-shaped, clothed on the upper and inner sides with long hair, with a groove to receive the abdomen. Egg oval, with many elevated ridges ; caterpillar solitary, with toothed spines; chrysalis angular, commonly gilt, and suspended by the tail.
Tue Painrep LApy (Cynthia Cardui, SterueNns) appears in spring, the end of July and beginning of August, until October. Wings two inches one third to two thirds; tawny brown, with a tinge of rose colour, variegated with white and black; second pair underneath marbled, with four eyelets Varies much in brightness of colour. Caterpillar, solitary, dusky, with interrupted yellow lines on the sides, feeds on spear-thistle, nettle, mallow, &e. Chrysalis brown, with ash- coloured lines and gold spots. Common. Edinburgh, Middle sex, Devon, Jersey, and in most parts of the globe.
Tae HAmpsteAp (C, Hampstediensis, Srrruens), Wings two inches; above dark brown, with a yellow streak at the margin; the first pair with five yellow spots, and all the wings with two black eyelets, having a white pupil. This insect has not been met with since the time of Petiver, who had it from Hampstead. ;
Tue Netwine (C? Lavana, StePuENS). Said to be British on doubtful authority.
CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES, il
APATURA (Fapricius).
Palpi longer than the head, with three joints, the first short and bent, the second long and slender, the third about the length of the firsty and blunt; antenne long, with about thirty joints, the clubbed tips abrupt, with a point at the edge; eyes without down; fore legs very short; hind legs with forked claws ; wing's with scollops ; upper wings somewhat curved and triangular; under wings rondo-triangular, with a groove to receive the abdomen.
Egg not known ; caterpillar spindle shaped, with spines, and with horns on the head; chrysalis somewhat angular, with a beak, suspended by the tail.
Tur Emprror (Apatura Iris, LeAcn) appears the beginning of July. Wings two inches and a half to three inches and a quarter; black, or iridescent blue, with a common interrupted white band; second pair above with a single eyelet. Caterpillar, of a beautiful green, with reddish bristles at the tail, and green- ish yellow horns; feeds on the common sallow and the oak. Chrysalis pale green. South of England, Suffolk, Essex, Mid- le Surrey, Kent, Bedford, Hereford, Berks, Wilts, and
‘ants.
LEMINITIS (Fasrictvs).
Palpi longer than the head, clothed with scales, and slightly hairy, with three joints, the first small and oval, the second long and slightly bent, the third longer than the first, and egg shaped; antenne long, the clubbed tip long and slender, and ending in a point placed sideways; eyes hairy ; fore legs short, slender, with a very small claw; hind legs loug, witlt claws and a short cushion ; wings somewhat triangular, and with, slight scollops, upper wings triangular ; wnder wings rondo-triangular, with a shallow groove to receive the abdomen.
Egg not known; caterpillar long, with blunt spines on the back, and tufts of hair on the sides ; chrysalis somewhat angu- lar, with a beak, and suspended by the tail.
Tus PornAn (Leminitis Populi, Sreruens). Said, without proof, to be British.
Tut Honrysuckee(L. Camilla, Leacn) appears the beginning of July, Wings two inches to two inches one-sixth ; brownish black, indented with a central whitish band, between which and the base is an ashy crescent on the dise, and four white dots, with a double parallel series of obscure black marginal spots ; underneath the central areolet is inscribed with zigzag black Signatures. he second pair are very similar. Caterpillar, §reen, feeds on the honeysuckle. Chrysalis green, spotted with gold, forked in front. South-eastern counties of England, Sussex, Essex, Berks, Hants, Kent and Middlesex, Suffolk,
THE Proragtess, (L. Sidilla, Sreruens), Said, without Proof, to be British.
12 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES.
HIPPARCHIA (Fasricrus).
Palpi slightly longer than the head, more or less hairy, curving downward at the tip, with three joints, the first short, and the second much longer and flattish; anfenne long, with about forty joints, the clubbed tip slender, spindle shaped and bent; eyes in some with, in others without, down ; fore /egs shortest, and in most cases hairy ; hind legs with short forked claws, and short cushions ; wpper wings in most cases triangular; wnder wings rondo-triangular, insome with scollops, with a shallow groove to receive the abdomen.
Egg in some, with elevated ribs, in others with minute pune- tures, in others with net-work markings; caferpillar somewhat spindle shaped, warty, and the tail forked; chrysalis somewhat angular, with two ears, suspended by the tail.
Tur Speckiep Woon, (Hipparchia Ageria, Leacn) appears the beginning of April, beginning of June, and beginning of August. Wings one inch and a half to two inches; brown spotted with yellow ; first pair with an eyelet toward the tip on both surfaces; second pair above, with three eyelets. Varies much. Caterpillar, green, with white lines, feeds on the couch grass. Chrysalis short, green, Throughout England, and near Edinburgh.
Tuk Speckiep Brown, (H. Mera, Sterarns). Said to be British by mistake.
Tar WALL, (H. Megera, LEAcn) appears in April, the begin- ning of July, and beginning of August. Wings one inch and a half to eleven-twelfths; tawny, with brown bands on both sur- faces; first pair with an eyelet on both sides towards the tip, with one or more adjoining it; second pair above towards the hinder margin, with four eyelets, the side ones being often with- out a pupil, and underneath with six, the lash of which is double; female larger. Caterpillar, greenish, with dark streaks on the back and sides, feeds on grass. Clirysalis brown. Common everywhere.
Tne Brown WAut (H. Phaedra, Sternens). Said to be Bri- tish without authority,
Tur BANDED Brown (H. Alcyone, Sterurns). Said by mis- take to be British.
Tue Grayiine (HH. Semele, Leacn) appears in July. Wings two inches one-fourth to seven-twelfths ; dull brown; the first pair with two eyelets on both surfaces, and the second pair with a single eyelet above: varies much in colour and markings. Caterpillar, green, feeds on grass. Chrysalis dusky. Local. South Shields, Scarborough, Cambridge, Suffolk, Essex, Syden- ham, Kent, Devon, and Salisbury Plain.
THE MARBLED Waite (H, Galathea, LeAcn) appears in June and July. Wings two inches to two inches and a quarter; yel- lowish spotted with black ; underneath the first pair with a sin- gle eyelet near the tip, and the second pair with five, one of which is double; the black lighter in the male. Caterpillar,
CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 13
bright green, with an obscure line on the back and sides, feeds on the cat’s-tail grass. Chrysalis yellowish. Throughout Eng- land; Suffolk, Essex, Devon. and Wilts.
Tue GATE Kerrer (H. Tithonus, Srepuens) appears the mid- die of July. Wings one inch five-twelfths to five-sixths ; aboye with the dise tawny-yellow ; the first pair with an eyelet on both sides towards the tip; second pair with a faint eyelet towards the posterior angle, and beneath with from three to five white points ; female larger. Caterpillar, greenish, with white lines and brown head, feeds on the annual meadow grass. Chrysalis green. Abundant near London; Yorkshire, and Northumberland.
Tar MeEAnow Brown (H. Janira, Leacn) appears in the be- ginning of June and July. Wings one inch and a half to two inches; above nearly black ; first pair with a black eyelet near the tip in the male, and in the female (H. Jurdina, Linn.) a tawny- orange blotch, in which is aneyelet; second pair grey underneath, with an ashy band. Caterpillar, green, with a white streak on the sides, feeds on the meadow grass. Chrysalis yellowish, with black streaks on the breast and wing-cases. Near London, north of England, and Scotland, abundant.
Tu ARRAN Brown (H. Ligea, Srernens) appears about July or August. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches; above brown, with a red band ; first pair with four or five eyelets on both sides ; second pair above with three eyelets, and underneath with a short white band. Caterpillar green, with a black stripe on the back, and several white ones; head reddish yellow. Local. Isle of Arran, Scotland.
Tak Scorcu Rineier (HM. Blandina, LeAcn) appears in August. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches; above brown, with a reddish band towards the hinder margin, in which, on the first pair, are four black eye-like spots, having white pupils ; second pair underneath with an ashy band: varies much in colour, the females lightest. Local. Isle of Arran, and near Durham.
Tut BANDED Brown (H. Mnestra, Sreruens). Said to be British by mistake.
Tak Mountain RiNGvEt (H. Cassiope, Srreaens) appears in July. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths ; silken brown, with a red band, in which are several eye-like black spots.
Scarce, or rather local. Ambleside, Westmoreland, and in Cum- berland,
Tar Rinerer (H. Hyperanthus, Leacn) appears the end of June. Wings one inch and a half to eleven-twelfths ; brown, paler beneath ; first pair above with one or more eye-like spots, and three underneath ; second pair above with two eyelets; un. derneath with two conjoining eyelets near the anterior margin, and three behind: varies much in the size and number of the Spots. Caterpillar, whitish grey, sometimes black, with a brown Stripe, feeds on and resides at the roots of the annual meadow Brass. Chrysalis bright brown with obscure streaks. Abundant throughout Britain : Dartmoor, Devonshire, Shooter’s Hill, and Penge Common, Kent.
14 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES,
Tux Marsn Rine.et (H. Polydama, Sreenens) appears in June. Wings one inch and a half to two-thirds; above grey- tawny; underneath, first pair with from two to four eyelets, and the second pair with six, bordered with white, of which three are very small: variesmuch, Probably a bright variety of H. Davus. North Wales, Cumberland, and Yorkshire.
Tur Juny Rincrer (H. Davus, Sreruens) appears in July, Wings one inch one-third to three-fourths ; above brownish tawny ; underneath, the first pair with two eyelets towards the hinder margin, and one or more very faint eye-like spots, bor- dered with tawny, and the second pair with six eyelets, and @ silver spot in the centre: varies exceedingly. Near Manchester, in Yorkshire, and Norfolk.
Tue Sinver Renovert (H. Hero, Sreruens) appears in June and July. Wings (one inch and a half?) brown, with an eyelet towards the tip on the upper surface of the first pair; second pair with four or five blind eyelets ; underneath with six perfect ones. Very rare. Sussex.
Tuk InoN Brown (H. Arcanius, SterHENs) has been given as British on the doubtful authority of one specimen.
Tar Goupen Eyr (H. Pamphilus, LeAcn) appears the begin. ning of June and beginning of September. Wings one inch one-sixth ; tawny with darker margins; first pair with an eye. let on each surface towards the tip; second pair above with a very faint eyelet towards the posterior angle ; underneath witha short ashy band in the middle, in which, towards the margin, are four minute very faint eyelets: varies much in colour, Caterpillar, green, with white lines on the back, feeds on crested dog’s-tail grass. Chrysalis green. Abundant throughout
the kingdom. —e— LYCENIDZ (Leach).
THECLA (Fapnicrus).
Palpi rather longer than the head, clothed with scales at the base and a few hairs, with three joints, the first short and bent, the second long, the third short and pointed; antenne short, with more than forty joints, becoming gradually thicker from the base upwards, the club longest and not flat; eves downy ; legs alike in both sexes: fore legs rather short ; feet with large cushions, almost concealing the claws, which are very short and undivided ; upper wings entire and triangular; wnder wings in some indented, in others with short tails.
Egg not known; caterpillar short, oval, and flat, in form of @ wood louse (Oniseus): chrysalis, givt with silk, with the head roundish,
Ture Brown Hare StreaK (Theela Betule, Leacn) appears the middle of August. Wings one inch one-third toseven-twelfths; above dark brown; upper wings with a black spot; underneath yellow, with a tawny band margined with white, fringes white;
CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 15
female with a patch of orange brown on the upper wings. Ca- terpillar, green, with oblique yellow stripes on the sides, and two on the back ; feeds on birch, blackthorn, and plumb. Chrysalis reddish brown, with paler streaks. Near London, Suffolk, in Berkshire, Dorsetshire, and Devonshire,
Tue PLumB HArr Streak (7. Pruni, Curtis) appears the end of June. Wings one inch five-twelfths ; above brownish black; upper wings with an oblong spot near the upper edge; the un- der wings with three or more crescent-shaped scarlet spots, with a small bluish one at the posterior angle, underneath brownish orange ; upper wings with a bluish silvery cross line near the edge, where are several indistinct scarlet spots, each with a black spot and silvery edge; under wings with an interrupted silvery line across the middle, forming a blunt W near the abdo- men; border (/imbria) with a black spot between each nervure, terminated at the base of the fringe by a silvery line ; the inner margin of the border with six or seven black spots half edged hae ; tails of the wings diverging outwards. Hunting- donshire.
Tar Brack Hare Srreax (T. W. album, SrernEns) appears in July. Wings one inch and a half to one inch seven-twelfths ; above deep black or brown, and spotless ; beneath paler, particu. larly in the female; upper wings with a somewhat waved, white cross streak, nearly straight in the male; under wings with a similar streak zig-zagged in form of a W, and beyond it a deep orange waved marginal band, spotted on the outside, and edged with black on the inside; the tails of the wings parallel (longest in the female), black tipped with white : the antennz black with white rings and an orange tip. Caterpillar, dusky green, with whitish lines on the sides, and indentations on the back, feeds on blackthorn and Spirza frutex. Chrysalis dusky brown, with - tutte head, Not common, Suffolk, Surrey, Essex, Kent,
indsor,
_ Tae Bracwruorn Harr StReAK (T. Spini, SvEPHENS) appears in July. Wings one inch one-third ; above brown, with several reddish spots at the hinder tip; under wings with the tip of the tail white; beneath ash.coloured, with a white streak and several tawny crescents dotted with black, and a bluish spot at the pos- terior angle, Caterpillar, green or reddish green, with yellow lines on the back, and the head black, feeds on blackthorn. Chrysalis brown, beneath ash-coloured, Rare. Norfolk.
Tar PurrLe Hair STREAK (T. Quercus, LEacn) appears the middle of July and August. Wings one inch one fourth to one- half; above blackish, witha blue dise ; underneath ash-coloured, with a waved white streak, and a tawny twin.spot at the pos- terior angle, Male larger without gloss ; female all black with &purple gloss. Caterpillur, fleshy brown, with three rows of Breen dots, feeds on the oak. Chrysalis rast-brown, with
ree rows of brown dots on the back. Not uncommon through- out the south, and in some parts of the north of Britain, Essex, Middlesex, Kent, Devon, Huntingdonshire,
16 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERELIES.
Tur Green Hair Streak (7. Rubi, Leacn) appears the end of May, beginning of June, and beginning of August. Wings one inch toone inch one-third ; above dusky brown ; some with a white spot on the upper wings ; beneath green; second pair with a series of white dots, sometimes very faint; some with white spots beneath, Caterpillar, green, variegated with yellow, with a black head; it feeds on the bramble, dyer’s woad, saint. foin, and broom. C/iysalis brown. Not uncommon near Lon- don ; in Essex, Dorsetshire, Devonshire, and Hampshire.
_
LYCANA (FAprictus).
Palpi longer than the head and divergent, with three joints covered with scales, the first and second also with hair: antenne with more than thirty joints, the clubbed tip blunt and not flat; eyes not downy ; legs alike in both sexes; fore legs little shorter than the hind legs ; feet with large cushions, beyond which the claws project ; upper wings entire, triangular, and somewhat wedge shaped ; wnder wings rondo-triangular, toothed at the posterior angle.
Egg not known ; caterpillar short, oval, and flat, in form ofa wills pps (Oniscus) ; chrysalis, girt with silk, with the head roundish,
Tue Correr (Lycena Phiaas, LeAcn) appears the beginning of April, beginning of June, and beginning of August, till November. Wings one inch to one inch five-twelfths ; above, first pair of a fiery copper colour, spotted with black ; second pair black, with a copper band on the hinder margin; some females with three or four blue spots; underneath ashy, witha tawny streak towards the hinder margin. Caterpillar, green, with a yellow stripe on the back, feeds on the sorrel. Abundant throughout Britain.
Tur GoupEN Copper (ZL. chryseis, LEACH) appears in August and September. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half; above bright copper, with a longish central black dot; first pair be- neath with ash-coloured margin, yellowish disc, and about seven- teen eye-like dots; the second pair with nearly half the dise purple; beneath ash-coloured, bluish at the base, with thirty or more scattered eye-like spots; female darker and spotted above, Very rare ; near Epping.
Tur LARGE Copper (L. dispar, Leacn) appears in July. Wings one inch and a half to two inches one-twelfth; above bright fiery copper colour, with an obscure band of spots near the tip, first pair with a central crescent-shaped black spot; underneath pale orange with ten eyelets, and the second paif bluish, with numerous eye-like black spots; female not so bright, spotted with black above, and copper-coloured margin. Cater pillar somewhat hairy, vivid green, with innumerable white dots; it feeds on a kind of dock. Chrysalis at first green, then pale ash-coloured, with a dark line on the back, and two shortish white ones on each side. Local; Cambridge, Huntingdon, Suf- folk and Norfolk, Whittlesea Mere.
CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 17
Tue Swirr Correr (L. Hippotho’, SrepHeNns). Wings one inchfive-twelfthstoone-half; above tawny; beneathash-coloured, with numerous eye-like black spots. Local: very rare. Whit- tlesea-Mere, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Kent.
Tue GoLpEN Rop (L. Virgauree, Leacn) appears the end of August. Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half, of a shining and bright fiery copper colour; first pair, in the male, without spots; underneath yellowish, with ten or eleven very indistinct eye-like black spots; second pair above with six black spots attached to the black hinder margin; underneath with about twelve black spots crowned with white ; some few orange spots near the posterior angle, which is acute.
Tn the female the first pair spotted above, with a marginal band of six somewhat confluent brown spots ; second pair brown, with the veins, and a large square spot on the dise, of a tawny colour, Caterpillar, dull green, with a yellow stripe on the back, and one of yellowish green on each side, head and legs black, feeds on the golden-rod and docks. Chrysalis brownish-yellow, with the wing-cases rust-coloured, Rare and local. Isle of Ely and Huntingdonshire.
POLYOMMATUS (LATREILLE).
Palpi longer than the head and nearly parallel, clothed with scales above, with three joints, the first short and curved, the second long, the third as long as the first and without hairs ; antenne yather short, with more than thirty joints, the clubbed tip abrupt and flattish, ending in a point placed sideways ; eyes in some downy, in others not; /egs alike in both sexes ; feet with very short cushions, beyond which are minute undivided claws ; wings entire ; upper wings triangular, and somewhat wedge- shaped ; wnder wings ovo-triangular, and scarcely, if at all, toothed at the posterior angle.
Egg not known ; caterpillar short, oval, and flat ; chrysalis girt with silk, with the head roundish,
Tue Azure Biur (Polyommatus Argiolus, SrerHENS) appears about the middle of May and end of August. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-half; above light blue, black at the tip; beneath light grey, with oblong dissimilar black spots ; female with more black at the tipofthe wing. Caterpillar, hairy, yellowish-green, with a vivid green line down the back, the head and legs black, feeds on the buckthorn and holly, C/ysalis smooth, brown and green, with a black line down the back. Near London, Norfolk, Suffolk, Hants, Kent, and Devonshire.
Tue Beprorp Biur (P. Alsus, Srepmens) appears the end of May and beginning of July. Wings five-sixths to one inch one-twelfth ; above brown, with a blue gloss; beneath ash-co-~ loured, with a single streak of eye-like spots. Uncommon and ya South of England, Coombe Wood, Surrey, Norfolk, Suffolk,
levon,
Tar Mazarin Buve (P. Acis, STEPHENS) appears towards the end of May and beginning of July, Wings one inch one- ©
18 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES,
sixth to one-third ; above deep blue, with a black margin; under. neath ash-coloured, with a central black spot surmounted with white, with a band of eye-like dots towards the hinder margin ; female brown above. Rare. Norfolk, Surrey, Cambridge, Dor. setshire, Hants, and Yorkshire.
Tue Arion (P. Arion, Sternens) appears the beginning of July. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds ; above brown, with a blue dise, or dark blue edged with black; three small black spots on the middle of the upper wings ; female blue, edged with black ; seven spots on the upper wing, and three on the lower (more or less distinct); beneath ash-coloured, spotted, edged with a line of eye-like spots. Rare. Bedford, Kent, Wilts, Bucks, and North Wales. :
THE Atcon (P, Alcon, SterHeNns). Wings one inch one. half; above blue, without spots, and with a brown margin; beneath brownish ash-coloured, with a double series of eye-like dots. Probably only a variety of P. Arion. Bucks.
Tuk CHaLk Hitt Buur (P, Corydon, Streeuens) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths; above of a silvery blue, with a deep black marginal band; be- neath brown-ash, with numerous eye-like spots; fringes above spotted with black ; male beneath varies from a chalky white to ash colour. Female brown above, with sometimes a slight tinge of blue near the base of the wings, edged with yellow spots; under generally darker than the male, and the spots more dis- tinct. Frequent in the neighbourhood of Dover, Kent, Hants, Sussex, Suffolk, Dorset ; in chalky places.
Tue CLirpEN Biux (P. Adonis, SreruEns) appears the end of May and middle of August. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half; silvery blue, with a black marginal streak; beneath ash-coloured, with numerous eye-like spots ; fringe on both sides white, interrupted by brown. Male very shining light blue; fe- male brown above, edged with a few yellow spots surrounded with black ; beneath like the male. Caterpillar, green, with rows of tawny spots on the back; feeds on clover. Chrysalis green or brown, Kent, Suffolk, and Dorset.
Tue DorytAs (P. Dorylas, SreenEns) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third ; above bright blue ; beneath pale ash colour, with a central black patch; a streak of eye-like spots towards the hinder margin, and the margin itself whitish. Most probably the same as P, Alewis, Found with the preceding. Suffolk, De- von.
Tue Kent Buue (P. Icarius, Srerpuens). Wings one inch one-third ; pale blue, with black margins ; beneath ash-coloured, with an arched series of eye-like dots, and marginal tawny spots: Female brown, with indistinct tawny edgings. Rare. Kent.
THE Avexis (P. Alexis, Srernens) appears the end of May and middle of August. Wings one inch to one inch five- twelfths ; above silky-blue, without spots, with a black marginal streak; underneath ashy, with numerous eye-like spots, and a
CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 19
marginal tawny spotted band; fringes white. Males vary un- derneath from chalky white to ash colour ; females sometimes of a light black above, sometimes half purple, and in fine speci- mens of a beautiful purple, always edged with tawny or orange- coloured spots, on the under surface often forming a continuous line, on which are marginal black spots. Caterpillar, green, hairy, with a dark line on the back; feeds upon grasses, the wild liquorice, and barren strawberry. Chrysalis dark brown. Very common throughout England.
- Tue Curry Bive (P. Eros, SrePueENS) appearsin July. Wings one inch one-sixth; above pale silvery or greenish blue, witliout spots; beneath brownish grey, with numerous eye-like dots; the second pair having a very indistinct yellowish marginal band. Kent, Surrey.
Tne Leap Buiuxr (P. Argus, SteruEeNns) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third; above lilac- tinted blue, with a black margin; underneath bluish. The first pair with eye-like spots, and a faint tawny band; at the poste- rior margin of the second pair an orange tawny band, in which are six silvery spots. Female, brown aboye with tawny margin. Caterpillar, green, hairy, with white warts, and a reddish brown line, edged with white on the back and sides, and some oblique streaks of the same colour on the sides; head and legs brown ; feeds on melilot, broom, and saintfoin. Chrysalis at first green, then brown. Common. Surrey, Kent, Hants, Dorset, Cambridge- shire, Suffolk, Norfolk.
Tar Brown Arcus (P. Agestis, StepHENS) appears the begin. ning of June and middle of August. Wings one inch to one inch one-fourth ; above brown on both sides, with a red spotted mar- ginal band; beneath greyish brown, with numerous eye-like dots; fringe variegated with white and brown; the first pair with a black spot on the disc, Males are of a lighter colour underneath than females. Near London, Norwich, Ipswich, in Suffolk, Essex, Dorset.
Tuk DurnAm Argus (P. Salmacis, StrePHENS) appears in June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one inch one-sixth ; dusky black, underneath dingy, with somewhat eye-like spots; first pair with a dot above, in the male black, in the female white; second pair inboth with ared band near the margin. Durham,
Tux Scorcn Arcus (P. Artaxerxes, SrePHENS) appears at the end of July, Wings one inch to one inch one-sixth; above brownish black; on both sides of the first pair a white spot on the dise, the second pair with reddish crescents; underneath, a white margin with a row of orange spots. Male, lighter than the female. Local, near Edinburgh and Dumfries, Scotland; Devon. The Durham specimens, probably P. Salmacis,
Tuk Srortess Brown (P. Titus, Srerwens). Said to be Bri- tish on doubtful authority,
c2
20 CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES.
HESPERIDZ (Swatnson).
THYMELE (Fanricivs).
Palpi rather longer than the head, very hairy, the tip joint blunt; antenne with more than thirty joints, longish, with the clubbed tip spindle-shaped, curved, and ending in a sharp hook; legs long, with minute forked claws and cushions filling the spaces between them; wings entire; upper wings broad, short, triangular, and roundish posteriorly ; under wings broad, rondo: triangular, and slightly toothed. Egg not known; caterpillar without hairs or spines; chrysali with the head notched, {
Tue Grizz.E (Thymele Alveolus, STEPHENS) appears about ti] end of May. Wings from five-sixths to one inch one-sixth; above black, with numerous white square spots on both surface sometimes confluent; underneath greenish-grey. Fringe white, barred with black, Herts, Essex, Kent, Wilts, Yorkshire, C bridgeshire.
THe MALLow (Th, Malva, Stepuens). Said to be British by the mistake of confounding it with Th. Tages.
Tux Dincy Sxrirrer (Th. Tages, Sreruens) appears about the end of May and middle of July. Wings one inch one-tw: to one-third; above brown, indistinctly clouded with ashy-grey; with indistinct scattered white dots on both surfaces, and a mar. ginal series of white dots; beneath grey: the colours moré obscure in the male, Caterpillar, bright green, with a brown head and a yellow stripe, dotted with black down the back an! sides, feeds on field eryngo, and bird’s-foot trefoil. Chrysalis, the fore part dull green, the latter part reddish. Uncommon; Cumberland, Yorkshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Middlesex, Kent, Sur: rey, Devon.
Tue GroroIAN Grizzix ( Th, Oileus, SterHENS). Said to bei British on doubtful authority,
PAMPHILA, (FAsrictus), Paipi short, flat, in some very thickly clothed with scales ani short stiff bristles, in others thickly clothed with scales alone} antenn@ rather long, the clubbed tip spindle-shaped, in most cases ending in a hook ; head rather large; upper wings longish, and almost triangular; under wings with a very minute tail at the posterior angle. eee not known; caterpillar downy; ohrysalis with the heal sharp.
Tur Cuecgueren Sxierer (Pamphila Paniscus, STEPHENS) appears the end of May, Wings one inch one-sixth to one fourth; above blackish brown, spotted with tawny; beneath) yellowish brown ; second pair with twelve whitish spots. Female larger than the male, Caterpillar, dark brown on the back, witli the sides paler with two yellow stripes, head black, and all
CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 21
orange-coloured ring round the neck; feeds on the great plan- tain. Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire, Oxfordshire, Devonshire.
Tae Woop Sxiprer (P, Sylvius, Steruens). Said to be British on doubtful authority.
Tue Great STREAK Skipper (P. Linea, STEPHENS) appears the end of July. Wings one inch to one inch one-fourth; above tawny, without spots in the female, with veins and mar- gins black; underneath, the second pair are tawny ash colour. The male has an oblique black line in the centre of the first pair. Caterpillar, solitary, green, with a dark line on the back and sides. Chrysalis yellowish green, Abundant: near London, Kent, Cambridgeshire.
Tur CLoupep Sxrierer (P. Sylvanus, SrEPHENS) appears the end of May, and in July. Wings one inch one-sixth to five- twelfths; above brown, with pale square spots; underneath yellowish white, Male has an oblique brown line on the upper wings, like the P. Linea, which is wanting in the female. Kent, Yorkshire, Devon, Cambridgeshire, and near Newcastle.
Tus Pears Sxiprer (P. Comma, SterweNs) appears the middle of August. Wings one inch one-sixth to five-twelfths ; tawny or grey, with pale or whitish square spots on both sur- faces; the male has an oblique black patch in the centre of the first pair, Caterpillar, dull green, with a row of black spots on the back and sides, head black, with a white collar, feeds on the Coronilla varia, Sussex, Middlesex, Wilts,
Rappon’s Sxrerer (P. Bucephalus, Sreruens). Said to be British without authority.
Tur BorDERED Sxirrer (P, Vitellius, SrerHENS). Said to be British on doubtful authority.
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
a
SPHINGINA (Rennie),
ZYGZNIDZ (Leacn).
INO (Leach).
Tue Green Forester (Ino Statices, Leacn) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch to one inch one-third; first pair above blue-green ; underneath brown; the second pair on both sides are brown; antenne pectinated and club-shaped. Cater- pillar, dusky, with two lines of white crescents on the back; feeds on sorrel. Chrysalis dusky. Not common. Kent, Swrey, Hert. fordshire, Essex, Middlesex, Yorkshire, Cambridgeshire, North. umberland,
Tne BLUE-GREEN Forester (J. Globularia, SreraENs). Sup- posed by Stephens to be only a variety of I. Statice.
ANTHROCERA (Scorott).
Tae Mevinor Burnet (Anthrocera Meliloti, SrerPHENS) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-third ; first pair greenish-blue, or greenish-black, transparent, with five red spots ; second pair red, with an indistinct greenish margin. Caterpillar, green, head and fore legs black, with a white stripe on the back, anda line of black spots on the sides; feeds on clover, Chrysalis yellowish white, with the back and wing-cases dusky. Rare, Surrey.
Tue TreForw Burner (A. Trifolii, StepHENs) appears the end of May or beginning of June. Wings eleven-twelfths, or one inch one-sixth to one-fourth; first pair greenish blue, with five red spots, two of which are in the middle, and frequently con- fluent; underneath of uniform colour; second pairred, with a broad greenish blue margin. Caterpillar dull yellow, with rows of black spots; it feeds on trefoil. Chrysalis black. Abundant. Devonshire, Hants, Cambridgeshire, Northumberland, Middlesex. Probably only a variety of A. Loti.
Tue Five Sror Burner (A. Loti, SrepHens) apears in June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair deep greenish
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS: 23
blue, with five red spots ; underneath of uniform colour; second pairred, with the border broad, wavy, and dark blue, Easily dis- tinguished from the preceding by the waved margin of the hinder wings. Caterpillar pale green, with a row of black spots on the back and sides; underneath the spots on the sides the females have a bright yellow streak; feeds on trefoil. Chry- salis yellowish, having the wing-cases black. Not common. Kent.
Tur Tripte Spor BurNeET (A. Scabiose, SrepHENS) appears the end of Mayand beginning of June. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one-sixth to one-fourth. First pair green, with three longish red streaks; second pair red, with a deep blue margin. Doubtful as a native, or probably only a variety of A. Loti.
Tux Liquorice Burnet (A. Hippocrepidis, SrePHENS) appears the middle and end of June. Wings one inch one-twelfth to seven-twelfths ; first pair bluish black, with six red spots ; second pair red, with a greenish blue margin, waved internally : the abdomen without spots. Caterpillar, greenish, on each side a yellowish stripe and a row of black spots; feeds on the wild liquorice. Chrysalis dingy brown, with a greenish abdomen spotted with black. Not common. Surrey, Kent.
Tue Six Spor Burner (A. Filipendule, Srrpuens) appears the end of June or beginning of July. Wings one inch one- half to seven twelfths; first pair azure blue, with six blood- red spots; second pair deep red, with an indistinct dark blue Margin; abdomen spotless black. _ Caterpillar primrose yellow, with three rows of black spots on the back, and a row of smaller ones on each side ; head black ; feeds on plantain, clover, dande- lion, mouse-ear, hawkseed, quake grass, &c. Chrysalis yellow.
Common. North of England, Devonshire, South Wales, near London.
Tur Subpnur-Wort Burner (A. Peucedani, STEPHENS). A doubtful species.
—~—
SPHINGIDZ@ (Leacn).
SMERINTHUS (LatTREILLE).
Tar Eyvep Hawk (Smerinthus occellatus, LATREILLE) appears the end of May. Wings of the male two inches three-fourths to three inches; femalethree inches and one-half to two-thirds ; first pairangulated, rosy-ash coloured, with a slanting, clouded, central band, and posterior margin irregularly brown; second pair rosy at the base, the tips much paler, with a large blue eyelet near the posterior angle. Caterpillar, very rough, of a fine green, With slanting white stripes on the sides; the fore legs rose-red ; feeds on willows, poplars, and fruit-trees. Chrysalis blackish brown, subterranean. Abundant. Essex, near London, Devon, Yorkshire, Cambridgeshire, Surrey, Westmoreland,
Tue Pornarn HAwK (Sm. Populi, LatRerLLe) appears the end ofJune. Wings of the male three inches to three inches one-half ;
24 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
female three inches one-half to fourinches one-third, irregularly indented, grey clouded with reddish ; first pair with a white cres- cent on the disc; second pair with a large rust-coloured bloteh at the base. The thorax and abdomen ashy and spotless. Cater- pillar, solitary, rough, green, with a yellow line on each side, and with slanting white stripes; feeds on poplars. Chrysalis dingy brown. Common. Surrey, Devonshire, Westmoreland, Northumberland, Cambridgeshire, South of England,
Tue Lime HAwK (Sm. Tilia, LATREILLE) appears the middle of May. Wings of the male two inches one-sixth to two-thirds ; fe- male two inches one-third to three inches ; somewhat three-lobed, grey, clouded with rosy-grey, sometimes iron-red, with an inter. rupted central band, the posterior fringe olive-brown ; second pair grey, with an indistinct brownish band, terminating in the posterior angle. Caterpillar, solitary, rough, fore-part slender, green with slanting red or yellow stripes, feeds on the lime, elm, alder, birch, and oak. Chrysalis dusky brown. Abundant, Hertfordshire, Surrey, Essex, Yorkshire, Devonshire.
ACHERONTIA (OcnsennEIMen).
Tur DeArn’s-HEAD HAwkK (Acherontia Atropos, OCHSENHEI- MER) appears the end of September or beginning of October. Wings of the malefour inches one-third to two-thirds ; female four inches five-sixths to five inches one-twelfth ; first pair brown, clouded with yellowish, with a white spot on the dise; second pair greyish, with two deep brown bands. Abdomen yellowish brown, with belts, and an interrupted black line down the back. Caterpillar, solitary, posteriorly yellow, spotted with black, with Slanting lines on the sides, of which the first half are blue, the remainder green; seldom ventures out during the day-time, feeds on potatoe, jasmin, thorn-apple, spindle-tree, hemp, elder, woody nightshade, &c. Chrysalis brown, with five black points oo side. Not common, Ayrshire, Berwickshire, Surrey, and Wilts.
SPHINX. Tur Topacco HAwK (Sphina Carolina, Linnaus). Indige- nous to North America, but doubtful as English.
THE YELLOw-sror Unicorn Hawk (Sph. quinque Maculatus, Haworrn). Imported like the preceding, from America?
Tuer Unicorn Hawk (Sph. Convolvuli, LINN22US) appears in September. Wings of the male four inches one-third to one-half ; female four inches one-half to two-thirds ; firstpair ash.coloured, clouded with black and brown, with a few zigzag black lines; the second pair with four irregular black bands. Head, ash- coloured ; thorax ashy-brown, with indistinct dark lines ; abdo- men deep ash, with about five red spots, surmounted with white and black. Caterpillar, green, spotted with black or brown, with dingy yellow slanting stripes down the sides, horn dingy, feeds on the greater and lesser bindweeed. Chrysalis bright brown. Rather rare. Caithness, York, South Wales, Cumber- land, Cambridge, Middlesex, Surrey, Kent, Cornwall,
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 25
Drury’s Hawk (Sph. Drurai, Donovan). Supposed to have been imported from America,
Tne Privet HAWK (Sph. Ligustri, Liynmus) appears the end of Juneand beginning of July. Wings ofthe male three inches one half to four inches one quarter, female four inches one-sixth to five- sixths; firstpair ash-coloured, pale at the base, with a broad dingy band drawn lengthwise from the inner margin to the tip ; second pairrosy, withthree black bands; abdomenpurple, with blackrings, interrupted on the back with ash colour, with a line down the back, Caterpillar, dingy reddish-green ; feeds on the privet, common and Persian lilac, elder, ash, &c. Chrysalis bright reddish-brown, with the tip slightly forked. Rather uncommon. Hertfordshire, Surrey, Kent, Cambridgeshire, Yorkshire, Cumberland,
Toe Pine Hawk (Sph. Pinastri, Linnmus) appears in June. Wings three inches one-sixth to five-twelfths ; ash colour ; thorax with three black lines lengthwise; first pair with three unequal black lines in the centre, and a whitish stripe along the sides of the corselet and posterior margin; sides of the corselet red, with black bands, with a line on the back and three on the belly, all black. Caterpillar, light brown, with a dark yellow stripe on the sides, head dusky ; neck varied with dusky and brown; seg- ments with eight slanting black lines; the horn black, divided at the tip; feeds on various species of the pine. Chrysalis grey- brown. Rare. Scotland, near Edinburgh; Sussex.
THk PuEBEIAN HAwx (Sph. plebeia, Pasricius), Said to be British on very doubtful authority.
Tar VARIEGATED Hawk (Sph. pecila, STEPHENS). Said to be British on very doubtful authority.
DEILEPHILA (OcuseNHEIMER).
Tur Spurcr Hawk (Deilephila Euphorbia, OcuSYNNEIMER) appearsthe beginning of June. Wings of the maletwoinchesfive- sixths, female three inches one-twelfth ; first pair grey, with a broad posterior streak and two spots on the upper edge greenish ; the second pair red, with a band and the outer margin black; the antennze white; the head white, with a greenish top. Ca- terpillar, in its first state quite black, afterwards spotted with red, and lastly with a black skin having whitish points; feeds on va- . tious kinds of spurge. Chrysalis pale yellowish brown, with longish wing-cases. Rare. Devonshire, Warwickshire.
Toe Mapper Hawk (D. Gallii, LeAcu) appears the begin- ning of June. Wings two inches five-sixths to three inches; the first pair greenish, with a whitish streak lengthwise; the second pair black, with a pale band clouded with red ; the antennee brown, with white tips; the back dotted with white. Caterpillur, olive- green, with a yellowish line on the back; feeds on the yellow one bed-straw, wild madder, and dyer’s madder. Chrysalis dark brown. Rare. Near London, Kent, Cornwall, Devonshire.
THE Srripep HAwk (D. Livornica, Curtis) appears in June, Wings three inches one-fourth; the first pair indistinct green, With a whitish streak drawn from the base to the tip, obliquely
26 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
intersected by six white veins resembling lines; the second pair black, with a broad streak drawn lengthwise from the base to the’ hinder margin, clouded with red; all the margins, except the upper, are dingy white. Caterpillar, yellowish at the tail, spotted with black, with the head, a line on the back, and spiracles rose- coloured; feeds on the yellow lady’s bed-straw, and on the vine, Chrysalis rosy brown. Rare. Norfolk, near London, Devonshire,
Tue Carrot Hawk (D. Daucus, SterneNs). Indigenous to North America, and doubtful as British; or probably a variety of D. Livornica.
Tue SHArr WINGED HAwk (D. Celerio, OCHSENHEIMER) ap- pears in July. Wings of the male two inches five-sixths, female: three inches one twelfth; the first pair greyish, with white longi- tudinal lines lengthwise, and a bright silvery band; the second pair brown, with the base and six spots on the hinder margin rose. coloured, Caterpillar, brown, with two whitish lines on the sides, and two eyelets on each side of the neck; feeds on the vine, Chrysalis dingy brown. Rare. Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Ox- fordshire, Warwickshire, Lancashire.
Tue Sirvery HAWK (D.argentala, SrepHENS). Very doubt. ful as British.
Tae Eveenant HAwkK (D. Elpenor, OcusSeENHEIMER) appears the end of June. Wings two inches one-sixth to two thirds; the first pair olive-coloured, with three slanting reddish purple streaks. The second pair anteriorly black, posteriorly rosy. Caterpillar, dingy brown, with two blue eyelets on each side of the neck; feeds on the yellow lady’s bed-straw, hairy willow herb, vine, &c. Chrysalis anteriorly dull grey, posteriorly brown, with the spiracles obscure. Not uncommon; near London, Hertfordshire, Surrey,. Devonshire, Shropshire, Cambridgeshire, Yorkshire, Northumberland,
Tue Pro HAwK (D. Porcellus, OcuseNHEIMER) appears the beginning of June, Wings one inch five-sixths, to two inches one-twelfth ; the first pair varied with yellow and purple ; second pair brown at the base, with a yellow band and purple margin; underneath the abdomen dotted with white. Caterpillar brown) with three bluish eyelets on both sides round the neck. Chi salis blackish. Rather searce. Surrey, Shropshire, Warwick: shire, Yorkshire, Dorset, Wiltshire, Hants, Cambridgeshire, near London.
——o—
SESSIIDZZ (SteruENs).
MACROGLOSSA (OcuseNHEIMER).
Tae HumMiING Birp Hawk (Macroglossa Stellatarum, OCHSEN: HEIMER) appears the end of April, June, and August, Wing? one inch three-fourths to two inches; first pair dingy brown) with two waved black streaks, with a spot or circle betweel them; second pair rust colour, with the hinder margin dingy) tinged with rusty brown, the fringe whitish; the sides of tht
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 27
abdomen varied with black and white. Caterpillar, speckled with white, with a yellowish line on the side; feeds on various kinds of bed-straw and dyer’s woad. Chrysalis pale brown. Not uncommon. Kent, Hertfordshire, Surrey, Cambridgeshire, Yorkshire, Northumberland, Hants.
SESIA (FaAsricrvs).
Tur Drone Bre Hawk (Sesia Fuciformis, StRPHENS) appears the end of May and beginning of June. Wings one inch two thirds to three fourths; olive brown ; the abdomen tawny, witha broad black band; the margin of the wings light brown. Ca- terpillar feeds on the devil’s bit scabious. Chrysalis brown. Very rare. Near London, Berkshire, Cambridgeshire, Hants.
Tas Bee Fry HAwk (S. Bombyliformis, SreeHENs) appears the end of May. Wings one inch two thirds to five sixths; green- ish yellow, with a band and broad margin blackish purple; the abdomen greenish yellow. Caterpillar, green, with a yellow stripe on the sides and back, horn straight and reddish brown ; feeds on the honeysuckle and bed-straw. Chrysalis dusky brown; with yellowish streaks. Not common. Surrey, Kent, Essex, Hants, Yorkshire.
Tue Cimpex Hawk (S. Cimbiciformis, StgpHENS) indigenous to North America, and doubtful as British.
—_o— ZEGERIID AD (STEPHENS).
TROCHILIUM (Scoront).
Tas Bee HAwk (Trochilium Apiformis, STEPHENS) appears the end of June. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to five-sixths ; brownish, with the margins and nervures brown; head yellow ; thorax black, with four yellow spots; abdomen yellow, with the second and fourth rings black, Caterpillar, whitish, head brown, feeds on the trunk and boughs of the poplar and aspen. Chry- id brown, the segments fringed. Not common, Essex,
urrey.
Tuk Horner Hawk (Tr. Crabroniformis, SteruENS) appears in July, Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; iron red, head black ; thorax brown, with a dull yellow spot on each side, with & narrow yellow collar; abdomen yellow, and with two black Tings. Caterpillar, whitish, with a brown spot on several of the rings near the legs; feeds under the bark of the sallow. Chry- salis brown, the rings fringed. Not very common. Kent, Nor. thumberland. e
A®GERIA (Fasricius).
Tue Breeze HAwk (Algeria Asiliformis, LeAcn) appears in June. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one-fourth; first pair tawny; second pair brown; abdomen brown, with three yellow belts. Rare. Near London, Kent.
Tne Senex Hawk (22. Sphegiformis, FAnricrus) appears in July. Wings one inch; dusky, with the margins, a posterior
28 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
band, and the tips, bluish black ; the antenna bluish black, with a broad whitish band; abdomen above with a whitish spot, and two underneath. Caterpillar is said by Oehlmann to feed on the birch. Very rare. Southgate woods, north of London, and in the Isle of Wight.
Tur IchNEUM@N Hawk (22. Ichneumoniformis, Curtis) appears in June. Wings five-sixths to eleven-twelfths of an inch ; transparent, and brownish black ; margin and tip dark yellowish brown, with a reddish streak, black on the inner edge; abdomen black, with several equidistant yellow bands. Rather scarce. Cornwall, Devonshire, Yorkshire, Isle of Wight, Sussex.
Tur Rusy Fry Hawk (22. Chrysidiformis, Curtis). Wings one inch five-sixths ; bluish black, first pair with the margins and tips saffron yellow, and a central black spot; abdomen bluish black, with two whitish rings. Very rare.
Tur Gaui Fry Hawk (22. Cynipiformis, Leacn) appears the end of May and beginning of June. Wings one inch three- fourths to eleven twelfths, blue black; first pair with the tip, a slanting line on the dise, nervures, and margins, brown; the outer edge of the line on the disc saffron yellow; abdomen with five yellow rings; feet tawny, with black joints. Not scarce, ae and Darenth woods, Cheltenham, and in Clapham Park wood.
Tue Currant HAwx (4. Tipuliformis, Leacn) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch two-thirds to fiye-sixths, blue black ; first pair with the margin, tip, and line on the dise as in the preceding; tip with streaks of gold yellow; abdomen with a black tuft at the tail, and the alternate segments yellow. Cater- pillar, solitary, rather hairy, whitish, head and legs brownish, with an obscure line on the back; feeds upon the pith of the currant tree. Common. York, and near Newcastle, London.
Tae Rep Bettep Hawk (A. Mutillaformis, Curis) appears in June. Wings one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, blue black; first pair above with the nervures, margins, tip, and broad slanting band on the dise, bluish black, beneath golden yellow; second pair with the upper edge golden yellow, a spot and margins bluish black; abdomen shining, with a yellow ring: Not abundant. Near London, Hertford, Ripley, and Dublin.
Tue Gnat Hawk (4. Culiciformis, Sreenens) appears in June. Wings five-sixths to one inch, bluish black; the palpi tawny underneath. Caterpillar, dingy white, with the head rusty brown; feeds under the bark of fruit trees. Chrysalis brown, the segments fringed. Scarce. Near London and Dublin. .
Tur Sromoxys Haws (22, Stomoxyformis, SrerpHENS) a)- pears the beginning of July. Wings eleven and one half lines, like the preceding. Corselet with two orange tawny lines) the abdomen with a belt, and spots on the sides, tawny orange: Rare. Gravesend. Curtis says this is the female of 2, Mu- tilleformis.
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 29
Tae ANT Hawk (4. Formiciformis, Leacn) appears the middle of June. Wings eight to ten and a half lines, blue- black ; first pair with the upper edge and a slanting line on the disk, orange brown, with the tip flame yellow; second pair with the nervures and margins brown; the abdomen black, with a broad flame-red belt, the tuft at the tail black, with a white streak on each side. Not common, Ireland, Lincolnshire, and near Limehouse.
Tue Day Fry Hawk (4. Ephemereformis). Antenne pecti- nated; the tip hairy; wings blue-black, with yellowish brown nervures; abdomen withont belts. Very rare. Yorkshire.
— BOMBYCINA (Rennre).
HEPILADZ (STEPHENS).
HEPIALUS (Fasricius).
Tue GoLpEN Swirr (Hepialus Hectus, Fawricius) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch to one inch one-third ; first pair very bright yellow in the male, ashy-brown in the female, with three slanting bands of gold yellow spots; the second pair dingy. Not rare. Cumberland, Devonshire, near London,
Tuk VariaBLe Swirr (H. lupulinus, Fasricius) appears the end of May. Wings, male one inch to one inch one-fourth, female one inch one-fourth to seven-twelfths; first pair yellow in the male, dusky-ash in the female, with a central streak, and two bands white ; the external one interrupted with a row of spots; the second pair ash-coloured. Caterpillar dusky, with black spots. Not uncommon in grassy meadows,
Tne Guost Swirr (H. Humuli, Fanrictus) appears the middle of June. Wings, male one inch two-thirds to two inches one-twelfth, female one inch five-sixths to three inches; snowy White in the male; the female has the first pair yellow, with Streaks or spots; second pair dusky. Caterpillar, cream-coloured, with a brown head; feeds on the roots of the hop and burdock. Chrysalis dark brown. Common in churchyards, whence its
_ flame, Scotland, Ireland, near London.
Tuk BeAutiru, Swirr (H. Velleda, HAworrn) appears the middle of June. Wings of the male one inch four-sixths to five-sixths, female two inches one-sixth to one half; varied with yellow, livid, and white, with a row of white or silvery Spots on the hinder margin, and brown spots on the upper edge. Caterpillar is said to feed on the fern, Local. Darenth, York, Cheshire, Derbyshire, Wilts, Kent, Scotland.
Tae Livip Swirt (H. carnus, FApricius). Wings, of the male one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, female two inches one- fourth to two-thirds, livid; first pair, clouded with white and yellow, with a series of pale spots on the inner edge; nearly Spotless in the female. North of England, Warwick. Perhaps a Variety of H. Velleda,
30 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
Tur OrANceE Swirr (H. sylvinus, OcHSENHEIMER) appears in August and September. Wings of the male one inch to one inch one-third, female one inch one-half to five-sixths; male above yellowish-brown, with a wavy slanting white streak at the base,
and another at the hinder margin; a small indistinct brown
spot on the disc, bound internally with white near the centre, The female has a large patch of dingy white at the base, anda row of darkish spots on the upper edge. Second pair brown, with a yellowish margin. Not rare. Lee, Birchwood, near Hertford, Stoke Newington, and York.
ZEUZERA (LATRIELLE.)
Tae Woop Lrorarp (Zeuzera Alsculi, LATREILLE) appears in July. Wings of the male two inches one-sixteenth, female two inches two-thirds to five-sixths ; somewhat naked, and trans- lucent ; snowy-white, with the veins and upper edge yellowish; thickly scattered over with numerous bluish-black spots. Second pair more faintly, and not so numerously spotted, except on the margins ; spotless at the inner angle. Thorax white, with twelve black spots. Caterpillur, deep yellow, dotted with black, head and tail black ; feeds on the wood of the pear and apple, walnut, elm, lime, horse-chestnut, ash, beech, birch, oak, &c. Chrysalis pale brown. Rather rare. Norfolk, Warwick, Wilts, Essex, Cam- bridge, and Surrey.
COSSUS (Fasrictus).
Tue Gorn Morn (Cossus ligniperda, Yapricius) appears the end of June andbeginning of July. Wings of the male two inches five-tenths to three inches one-fourth, female three inches one- half to three-fourths; clouded with grey and brown, with nu- merous slanting black streaks: corsclet whitish, with a poste- rior black band. Caterpillar, dull yellow, with a brown-red back, yellowish underneath, head black, with eight brown spiracles on each side; feeds upon oak, willow, aspen, and poplar. Pupa brown, with indented fringes to the segments. Not common. Near London, Kingston, Bottisham, and Deptford,
Ss
NOTODONTIDZ (SreruENs).
PYGARA (OcusENHEIMER).
Tue Burr Tre (Pygera bucephala, OcusENUNEIMER) appears the middle or end of June. Wings of the male two inches one- sixth to one-half, female two inches two-thirds to eleven-twelfths. First pair silvery ash, with a double anterior streak, rust-co-
loured black; also a double posterior streak, interrupted and —
more wavy black, rust-coloured, with a large yellow spot at the tip. Caterpillar, hairy, dusky yellow, above spotted with black, head black, with a yellow spot, legs outwardly black, inwardly yellow; feeds on the lime, oak, willow, elder, elm, and chestnut. Pupa subterraneous, brown spotted with yellow. Common,
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 31
CLOSTERA.
' fue Rust Trp (Clostera anastomosis (StrPHENS). Said to be British on very doubtful authority.
Tue RecLuse (Clostera reclusa, SreruHens) appears the end of May. Wings of the male one inch to one inch one-sixteenth, female one ineh to one inch one-fourth; brown; first pair ashy-brown, with four anastomosing white streaks, a reddish- brown patch near the tip, and a white marginal spot. Second pair dark brown. Caterpillar, brown, with abroad line on the back, yellowish-white, the sides with a chain-like series of yel- low circles; feeds on the aspen in September. Pupa brown. Rare, Darenth and Birch woods, Epping, Cambridge, and Dublin.
Tue AncHorer (Cl. anachoreta, SrerenHeNns). Wings of the male one inch one-fourth, female one inch one-third; grey, with four whitish streaks, the fourth wavy, and passing over the rusty-brown spot at the tip; towards the posterior angle two black spots, the inner one largest. Caterpillar, brown, hairy, with a flesh-coloured streak on the back, with two warts, and spots on the sides yellow ; feeds on willows and poplars. Pupa brown. Very rare.
Tue CnocoLare Tip (Cl. curtula, StEPHENS) appears the end of April or beginning of May. Wings of the male one inch one- third to five-twelfths, female one inch one-third to one-half; greyish-ash ; first pair with four nearly straight whitish streaks ; the tip reddish-brown, with an indistinct row of five dingy spots. Caterpillar, solitary; hairy, ash-coloured, with four rows of rust- red spots, feeds upon poplars and willows in September. Not common, Near London, Wanstead, and Coleshill.
EPISEMA (OcusENHEIMER).
Tne BuAck THorn (Hpisema ceruleocephala, OcusENHET- MER) appears the middle of August and in September. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, femal, one inch one-third to one-half; ashy-grey, rather oblonge, with confluent whitish points between two brownish streaks, and an ashy marginal band. Female ratherdarker. Caterpillar, smooth, bluish, with yellow lines and black spots; feeds on the white thorn, black thorn, and fruit trees. Pupa brown, within astrong silken web, Common. Near London.
CERURA (Scurang).
Tue Twin Pornr (Cerura bicuspis, SterHENS) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch one-sixth to five-twelfths, female one inch one-third to one-half; snowy-white; first pair, the base and hinder margin, spotted with black, with a slanting 4sh-coloured waved band. Second pair with a central spot, and Nervures dingy yellow. Caterpillar, saffron-yellow, with three Teddish-brown spots on the sides, greenish underneath, feeds on Willow. Rare. Darenth Wood, and near Dublin,
32 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
Tue Entire (C. integra, SrepHENns). Wings one inch seven- twelfths; whitish; first pair spotted with black at the base and posterior margin, followed by a slanting ashy band, margined on both sides with black: corselet ash-grey, with three slanting! black bands. Caterpillar? green, with a violet purple spot, and 4 series of red spots on the back, margined with yellowish ; feeds on birch. Rare. Coombe Wood?
Tur Krrren (C. furcula, ScuRAN®) appearsin July. Wings of the male one inch one-sixth to one-third, female one inch one-fourth to one-half; grey; first pair, with black spots at the base and hinder margin, with a central ashy band, terminated by several dingy streaks; a row of dingy spots on the margin, and whitish fringe: corselet anteriorly grey, with a black slanting band; posteriorly brown. Caterpillar, green, smooth, solitary, with a forked tail ; feeds on various species of willow, aspen, and poplar. Pupa brown, ina hard case. Rare. Near London, at Coombe and Darenth woods, Hertford, Ripley, Epping Forest, York, and Coleshill.
Tue Bow (C. arcuata, Srepnens). Wings one inch five twelfths; dingy ash; first pair with black spots like the preced- ing, with a narrow slanting ashy band, margined with black, with a posterior waved streak of bowlike lines : corselet ante- riorly ashy-grey. Caterpillar, pale green, with a bluish back, sides with a white furrow, spotted with red ; feeds upon willows: Rare. Coombe Wood.
Tus Broap Bar (C. latifascia, Curtis). Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two-thirds; whitish; like the preceding, with a broadashy band, varied with orange, and bordered with black: corselet bluish-black, with two faint orange bands, anteriorly ashy-grey. Rare. Near London, Linton, and North Devon.
Tue Kirrener (C. fuscinula, SrerHENS) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch two-thirds, female one inch two: thirds to five-twelfths; whitish; first pair with the base and posterior margin spotted with black, with an ashy slanting band, waved outwardly ; collar grey. Caterpillar, emerald green, with brown head and blue back, feeds on birch and oak. Rare, Neat London, Darenth Wood, and Epping Forest.
Tue Ciert (C. bifida, Leacn). Wings of the male one inch, two-thirds ; female one inch five-sixths to eleven-twelfths ; whit ish; first pair with the base and posterior margin spotted with black, and an ashy-grey slanting band bordered with black: The second pair with an orange border: corselet grey, streaked: with black and orange. Rare. Near London, Darenth Woot, and nearLimehonse.
Tue Puss (C. Vinula, Scurank) appears the end of May and beginning of August. Wings of the male two inches ont half to three quarters, female three inches one-twelfth to one. third; white ashy-grey in the female, first pair with the uppe edge spotted with black; nervures yellow; two convergent an slanting rows of black spots near the base, followed by @ brown waved streak ; towards the middle a black crescent, pointing out
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 33
wards; between which and the tip are two very acutely waved brownish slanting streaks; second pair with a dingy crescent spot on the dise, and one or two spots on the hinder margin, to- wards the posterior angle. Caterpillar, solitary, green, with a brownish back; feeds on the poplar, willow, and sallow. Pupa brown, enclosed in a hard case. Not common in many parts of England. York, Cambridge, and near London.
Tur Ermine Puss (C. erminea, Sternens). Wings of the male, two inches one-quarter to one-half, female three inches, white; first pair with several black spots at the base, followed by three or four waved streaks, towards the middle a crescent on the dise, behind which are three strongly indented dingy slanting waved streaks; second pair with a crescent on the dise, and row of black dots on the margin. Caterpillar, red- dish-brown, sprinkled with white on the back, and with lines on the sides; feeds on the poplar, willow, and aspen. Pupa pale brown. « Rare. Birchwood, and near London? but somewhat doubtful as a native.
STAUROPUS (Germar).
Tur BeEcnu (Stauropus Fagi, GERMAR) appears in July. Wings of the male two inches one-third to one-half; female two inches one-half to two-thirds; ashy-brown; first pair above the base with a linear yellowish wavy streak, and beyond the centre another very much wayed, and indented; towards the hinder margin isa waved row of black spots. Caterpillar, brown; the six fore legs longish; the tail turned down with two horns ; feeds on the beech, oak, lime, alder, and sloe. Pupa brown, enclosed in acase. Rare. Hants, Essex, Norfolk, and Kent.
NOTODONTA (OcHSENHEIMER),
Tur DromEepAry (Notodonta dromedarius, STEPHENS) appears the beginning of June and in August. Wings of the male one inch one-third to two-thirds; female one inch two-thirds to eleven-twelfths ; reddish-brown; first pair, with a yellowish blotch at the base, and two whitish indented streaks ; second pair with an indistinet whitish band. Caterpillar, solitary, smooth, green, with four protuberances on the back, and a tail bent downwards; feeds on alder, beech, hazel, and poplar. Rare. Coombe and Darenth Woods, Norwood, and in Cheshire.
Tus Dark Prominent (N. perfusea, StEPHENS) appears in Jone. Wings of the male one inch one-half to two-thirds, female one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, brown, with dusky clouds, a dingy anterior band, and a slanting indented streak towards the tip. Caterpillar feeds upon the oak. Pupa subterrancous. Very fare in England; near Dublin.
Toe Peseie (N.2iezac, OCHSENHRIMER) appears in May, June, and July. Wings of themale one inch two-thirds to three-fourths, } female one inch five-sixths to eleyen-twelfths, pale brown ; first } pair with a square white patch in the middle of the upper edge, Jan eye-like spot, purplish, and intersected with black dashes,
D
34 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
with a marginal black streak, fringe brown, dotted with white ; second pair ashy-grey, with a black marginal line, fringe whitish, dark brown towards the posteriorangle. Caterpillar, ashy-grey, with a pale stripe on the sides, and a reddish tail, with two bumps on the back ; feeds on the poplar and willow. Pupa brown, en. closed in a case. Not common. York, Norfolk, Kent, Surrey, and near Dublin.
LEIOCAMPA (Srepuens).
THe SwALLow (Leiocampa dictaa, STEPHENS) appears the beginning of June and August. Wings of the male two inches, female two inches one-fourth to one-third; first pair greyish white, margins brown, with a central whitish spot; second pair white, with a dingy patch at the posterior angle. Caterpillar, reddish- brown, with a streak on the back; feeds on poplar, willow, and birch. Pupa subterraneous, brown. Not common, Coombe and Darenth woods, near Dover, Epping and York. ‘
Tue Lirrie SwaL.ow (L. dicteoides, STEPHENS) appears the end of June. Wings of the maletwoinches, female two inches one- sixth to one-third ; first pair greyish white, with a central white spot, and white triangular blotch at the hinder angle ; second pair dull white, with a dingy patch at the posterior angle. Cater- pillar, pale green, with a yellow stripe on the sides, and a line on the posterior protuberance ; feeds on the poplar, willow, and birch. Not common. Kent, and Surrey.
LOPHOPTERYX (Srepnens).
Tue Coxcoms (Lophopteryx camelina, SrEr1eENs) appears the endof April and beginning of August. Wings of the male one inch one half to two-thirds, female one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, brown or dingy ; first pair indented, with a very slender waved black streak at the base,a second towards the middle, and a third rather minute towards the hinder margin on the upper edge, beyond this four spots, and an indistinct pale streak 3 Second pair whitish yellow, with the nervures and margin din gy. Caterpillar, smooth, green, with pale lines, spiracles and protuberances at the tail purplish ; feeds on oak, birch, willow, poplar, alder, beech, lime, &c. Common. Near London, Durham, and Cheshire.
Tue Marve (L. euculla, STEPHENS) appearsin June. Wings of the male one inch five-twelfths to one half, female one inchone- half to five-sixths; first pair pale yellow, with dark markings, the upper edge with two or three streaks in the centre, with an ashy-white marginal patch; second pair greyish, with a rusty- brown blotch at the posterior angle. Caterpillar, slightly hairy,
pale bluish green; feeds on maple. Rare. Darenth wood, and near Erith.
TuE CARMELITE (L. carmelita, STEPHENS) appears in March. Wings one inch Seven-twelfths, brownish; the first pair whitish at the interior margin, and two white spots on the upper edge; second pair with an indistinct whitish band, and bluish brown | patch at the posterior angle. Caterpillar, green, with a yellowish line on the back, and a reddish one on the sides 5 feeds on birch. Rare. Darenth wood.
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 35
PTEROSTOMA (GERMAR).
THE PALE PROMINENT (Plerostoma Palpina, Curtis) appears the beginning of June and end of August. Wing's of the male one inch one-half to five sixths, female one inch five-sixths to two inches one-sixth ; first pair greyish white, with black streaks and nervures, behind the middle an indistinct double row of black spots, and a similar one on the hinder margin, the spots being placed between the nervures, fringe pale yellow with dusky and brown. Caterpillar, smooth, green, solitary, with a yellow stripe on the sides ; feeds on willow, poplar, and lime, Pupa reddish brown. Rather uncommon. Herts, Essex, Kent, and Surrey.
PTILOPHORA (SrEPHENs).
Tue PuumirEeRous (Plilophora variegata, StEPHENS) appears the end of October. Wings of the male one inch one-third to one- half, female one inch one-half to two thirds, rusty yellow; first pair with a yellowish bow-like streak behind the centre, nervures dingy, margin and fringe rust brown. Caterpillar, pale green, with bluish line on the back, and three white ones on the sides ; feeds on maple, birch, and sallow. Pupa red-brown. Rather uncommon. Darenth wood.
CHAONIA (Srernens).
Tas Lunar MAnsiep (Chaonia Roboris, SrerHENs) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch one-third to seven-twelfths, female one inch two-thirds, ash-coloured, with two wavy white streaks, and a central broad white band, with a brown crescent. Caterpillar, green or brown, with two yellow lines on the back, and a paler one on each side; feeds in September on the oak. Scarce. Middlesex, Kent, Surrey and Norfolk.
Tur DoponeAN (Ch. dodonea, SverHeNns) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch one-third to one-half, female one inch one-half to two-thirds, greyish ash; first pair variegated with brownish at the base, a broad band in the centre, with two wavy streaks, white; a triangular dingy blotch on the upper edge, fringe white and brown. Caterpillar, green, with a bright orange yellow stripe on the sides ; feeds on the oak. Notcommon. Kent and Surrey.
Tae OAKEN (Ch. querna, SternHens). Said to be British on doubtful authority.
PETASIA (STEPHENS).
Tae SprawweEr (Petasia Cassinea, STEPHENS) appears in Octo- ber. Wings of the male one inch one-half to three-fourths, female one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, grey; first pair with a black line at the base and another on the inner margin, with smaller scattered black streaks, and a pale indistinct and almost imperceptible interrupted streak towards the hinder margin ; Second pair with dingy spots and nervures; amarginal line dotted with black. Caterpillar, bright green, with a pale line on the back and two yellow lines on the sides ; feeds on lime, sallow,
D2
36 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS,
oak, beech, privet, &e. Pupa brown, Rare. Herts, Warwick, Kent, Surrey, and Hants.
PERIDEA (SrerueEns).
Tne TrempBier (Peridea serrata, SterMENS) appears the end of June. Wings of the male two inches one-sixth to one. fourth, female two inches three-fourths to seven-twelfths, grey; first pair two short and indistinctblack wavy streaks at the base, the hinder part of the wing with an indistinct brownish crescent, over which is a whitish line, followed by an indistinct waved streak, then two small lines towards the tip, and a row of dull red spots towards the hinder margin, on which is a row of dingy crescents, fringe spotless brown; second pair, with a brown marginal line. Caterpillar, solitary, smooth, green, with three protuberances on the back, and with slanting red and yellow stripes on the sides; feeds onthe oak. Rare. Kent, Surrey,
ENDROMIS (OcusennEIMER),
Tue Kentisn Grory (Lndromis versicolora, OCHSENHEIMER) appears in April. Wings of the male two inches one-third to one- half, female two inches five-sixths to three inches one-sixth, grey; first pair with two dingy black streaks, the first before the middle bent outwardly and edged inwardly with white, the second behind the middle edged externally with white, between them a dark erescent pointing outwards, three slanting triangular united spots at the tip, nervures bulging and white at the anterior angle; second pair with an indistinct central streak, and a dingy blotch on the upper edge. Caterpillar, green, dotted with brown, with slanting yellow streaks ; feeds on birch, alder, hazel, beech, and lime. Pupabrown. Uncommon. Norfolk, Sussex, Kent, and Devonshire.
—o—— BOMBYCIDZ (Stevens).
AGLAIA (OcusENHEIMER),. Tre TAv Emperor (Aglaia Tau, OcHSENHEIMER), Said to be British on doubtful authority.
SATURNIA (Scuranx).
Tue Emperor Morn (Saturnia Pavenia-minor, Scuranr) appears the middle of May and beginning of August. Wings of the male two inches one-half to five-sixths, female two inches one-half to three inches one-half, grey; first pair with three black streaks on the sides, with a large half-closed eyelet, the tip purplish, with one or two black or red spots ; second pair with a half closed eyelet, a grey posterior band, and hinder margin pur- plish. Caterpiliar, at first gregarious, green, with a black band lengthwise, afterwards with three black ringlets and yellow warts ; feeds on blackthorn, alder, oak, bramble, rose, elder, &e. Pupa brown and very blunt. Notuncommon. York, Lincoln, Norfolk, Salop, Kent, and Surrey.
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 37
LASIOCAMPA (ScHRAnxk).
Tue Fox (Lasiocampa Rubi, ScuRANK), appears the end of May and beginning of June. Wings of the male two inches one- third to one-half, female two inches one-half to two-thirds, red- dish, without spots ; first pair with two slanting whitish streaks in the centre ; second pair with a whitish fringe ; the female pale ashy brown. Caterpillar, hairy, black beneath, brown above, with black rings, when young with pale yellow rings; feeds on the bramble. Pupa dusky, enclosed in a case, with three yellow rings. Notuncommon, York, Derby, Essex, Kent, and Surrey.
Tur Grass Eoarr (L. Trifolii, ScumanK) appears in July and August. Wings of the male two inches one-sixth to one- third, female two inches one-third to one-half; rusty grey ; first pair with a whitish spot on the disc; second pair spotless. Ca- terpillar, solitary, hairy, pale brown, incisures spotted with blue, collar red; feeds on the red clover and plantain. Pupa yellow- ish brown, Rare. New Forest, Kent.
Tuz Mepic Eoorr (L. Medicaginis, Curtis) appears in August. Wings of the male two inches one-sixth to two-thirds, female two inches one-third to seven-twelfths, pale yellow ; first pair with a white spot and two whitish streaks; second pair with an indistinct whitish streak in the centre. Caterpillar, pale yellow, with blackish-blue incisures, and slanting white streaks on the sides; feeds on various kinds of medick. Pupa, brownish, with a greenish abdomen, in a case. Rare. New Forest, near Bristol,
Tue OAK Ecorr (L. Quercus, SCHRANK) appears in August. Wings of the male two inches one-half to five-sixths, female three inches one-twelfth to one-fourth; deep brown in the male, much paler in the female, with a broad yellow band, arched interiorly ; first pair with a central white spot and yellow patch at the base. Caterpillar, pale yellow, with black rings, and slanting white streaks on the sides; feeds on the ash, birch, sloe, willow, oak, horn-beam, white thorn, and broom. Cocoon ee Rare. Near Dublin, near London, New Forest, Devon- shire.
Tur Broom Eoorr (L. Roboris, SoaRaNnk) appears the end of July. Wings of the male two inches one-half to five-sixths, female two inches five-sixths to three inches one-third; of the male brown, of the female yellowish grey; first pair with the yellow band less arched, and the central white spot more round than in the preceding ; second pair with a yellow fringe. Ca- terpillar, yellow, with black rings, a row of white spots on the back, and slanting white and yellow streaks on the side. Cocoon yellow. Not uncommon. Near London, Cambridge, Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex.
Tur Corse Eoorn (L. Dumeti, Scuranr) Said to be British on doubtful authority.
TRICHIURA (STEPHENS). 4 Tur Hawrnorn (Trichiura Crategi, SrerHENS) appears in September, Wings of the male one inch one-twelfth to one-
38 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
fourth, female one inch one-sixth to five-twelfths; first pair ashy-grey, with two curved streaks and a central spot dingy; second pair brownish; the female is darker than the male, and has the second pair of wings without spots. Caterpillar, hairy, black with white bands, and four rusty warts; feeds on white thorn, sloe, and willow. Pupa dusky brown, Rather scarce, Essex, Kent, Surrey. PCCILOCAMPA (SrEerHeEns).
Tue December Mora (Pecilocampa Populi, StePHENS) ap- pears in December. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, female one inch one-sixth to two-thirds; chestnut brown; first pair with a pale and very incurved streak near the base, and not reaching to the inner margin, and a second waved behind the middle, the fringe grey and brown; the abdomen tawny brown; thorax black, anteriorly light grey. Caterpillar ashy-grey, darker on the back, with four reddish spots on each ring ; feeds on oak, aspen, birch, poplar, lime, rose-tree, white thorn, and fruit trees. Pupa ina silken case. Not common, York, Essex, Herts, Kent, and Surrey.
ERIOGASTER (GrerMAr).
Tue SMALL Ecoer (Kriogaster Lanestris, G2RMAR) appears in February and March. Wings of the male one inch one-sixth to one-third, female one inch one-half to five-sixths; pale red; first pair with a large spot at the base, a spot on the disc, and an indistinctly indented streak towards the hinder margin, all white; second pair pale ash coloured in the male, grey in the female. Caterpillar, at first social, hairy, black, with three white spots on each ring, between two red spots; feeds upon sloe, birch, lime, willow, fruit trees, white thorn, &c, Pupa brown, Rather scarce, Essex, Kent, Herts, and Cambridge.
CNETHOCAMPA (SrerHeEns),. Tue Procession (Cnethocampa Processionea, STEPHENS), Said to be British on doubtful authority.
Tue Pine Procession (Cn. Pityocampa, SreeHENS) appears in summer. Wings one inch two-thirds; first pair grey with three dusky waved streaks ; second pair pale, with a dusky blotch at the hinder angle. Caterpillar, blackish, with a whitish line on the sides, with yellow hairs on the back, and white on the sides; feeds on various kinds of pine and fir. Pupa brown. Very rare, Devonshire.
CLISIOCAMPA (Curtis).
Tur Grounp LAckey (Clisiocampa castrensis, Curtis) ap- pears on the sea coast in August. Wings of the male one inch one-sixth to one-third, female one inch one-half to three-fourths; first pair pale straw-colour, with two red streaks, and clouded with red; fringe pale yellow, spotted with red. Caterpillar, bluish, with red and black streaks on the back, and red lines on the sides ; feeds on yarious plants, sea-wormwood, birch, plan-
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 39
tain, carrot, &c, Pupa dark-coloured. Rare. Essex, Kent, and Devonshire.
Tux Lackey (Cl. Neustria, Curtis) appears in July and August. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth to one-half, female one inch one-half to five-sixths; grey, with a darker central band, and pale terminal streak on both sides. Cater- pillar, gregarious, yellow, with three red lines on the sides, and ‘a white one on the back; feeds on oak, hazel, sloe, and fruit trees. Pupa brown. Very abundant in the south.
—
EUTRICHA (STEPHENS).
Tue Pine Lappe (ELutricha Pini, SrerneNs) appears in July. Wings of the male two inches seven-twelfths to five-sixths, female three inches one-half to two thirds; greyish; first pair, with a large triangular white spot before the middle, then an indistinct pale ash-coloured band; beyond the middle a rusty- brown band, margined on each side with grey ; second pair deeper grey and spotless. Caterpillar, variegated with white, grey, and brown, with bluish rings and red spots on the sides ; feeds on various species of pine. Pupa brown. Rare. Norfolk, and Surrey.
—_—
ODONESTIS (GrerMAR).
Tue Drinker Morn (Odonestis potatoria, GERMAR) appears in July. Wings of the male two inches one-third to one-half, female two inches two-thirds to three inches; grey, sprinkled with yellow, with two dusky-brown streaks, and a spot and crescent white. gg large, flat, and bluish white. Caterpillar, dusky-brown, sides spotted with white; feeds on different spe- cies of grass, and lives through the winter. Pupa brown. Very common in lanes and hedge roads.
—
’ GASTROPACHA, (OcHSENHEIMER),
Tur Lappe (Gastropacha Quercifolia, OCHSENHEIMER) ap- pears in May. Wings of the male two inches one-fourth to five- sixths, female three inches one-sixth to one-third; dingy red, indented; first pair with three slanting wavy streaks, and a minute central dingy spot; second pair spotless. Caterpillar, dingy brown, with blue bands ; feeds on white thorn, willow rose, &c. Pupa brown, with red bands. Rather scarce. Herts, Essex, Surrey, and Lincoln,
Tux Inex-LEaF (G. Ilicifolia, OcuSENHEIMER); and Tur Pornar-LEar (G. Populifolia, OCcHSENHEIMER). Said to be British on doubtful authority. ——4—_—_
ARCTIIDA® (LEACH).
HYPOGYMNA (HusNeER). F Tne Girssy (Hypogymna Dispar, HuBner) appears in Au- gust. Wings of the male one inch one-half to two inches one~
40 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
twelfth, female one inch two-thirds to three inches one-twelfth ; the male clouded with grey and brown; the female whitish with black streaks. Caterpillar, dingy black, with white lines, anteriorly blue, and posteriorly red; feeds on the elm, oak, lime, fruit trees, &c. Pupa brown. Very local, Surrey, Hunting- donshire, and Whittlesea-Mere.
PSILURA (SrepHeEns),
THE BLACK Arcues (Psilwra Monacha, SreeHENsS) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth to three-fourths, female one inch three-fourths to two inches five twelfths ; first pair white, with black spots at the base, three or four waved Streaks behind the middle, and a marginal row of black spots; second pair dingy, with a black and white fringe. Caterpillar, ashy-brown, with red tufts on the back, and a black heart-shaped Spot on the second segment; feeds on the oak, bramble, &c. Pupa vlack. Very local. New Forest, Kent, and Surrey.
DASYCHIRA (SterHens). Tae BuAck Tussock (Dasychira fascelina, STEPHENS) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, female one inch two-thirds to two inches one-sixth, ashy-brown; first pair sprinkled with black, with two dark brown streaks, and two slanting dingy spots near the hinder margin; second pair with an indistinct darker marginal band. Caterpillar, with tufts of hair, tipped with red, and white fur tufts on the back, with a brown tuft on the head and at the tail; feeds on various plants, trefoil, dandelion, hop, bramble, oak, &c. Pupa hairy brown, with a pale line on the back, Not common. Bedfordshire, Kent, and Surrey.
THE YELLow Tussock (D. pudibunda, StrenENs) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch two-thirds to eleven twelfths, female one inch five-sixths to two inches one-sixth, ashy-white; first pair with three transverse dusky waved streaks, and a mar- ginal row of dingy spots; second pair with a central dingy crescent. Caterpillar, hairy, yellow, with a large red tuft on the tail, and four white ones on the back ; feeds on various trees in September. Pupa enclosed in a ease, anteriorly black, pos- teriorly brown, spotted with yellow. Not scarce. Essex, Kent, and Hampshire.
—
COLOCASIA (OcHSENHEIMER).
Tue Nut-rree Tussock (Colocasia Coryli, OcHSENHEIMER) appears the beginning of April and middle of July. Wings of the male one inch one-twelfth to one-half, female one inch one- fourth to five-twelfths; first pair anteriorly brown, with a black ring and several small blotches 5 posteriorly ash coloured, with a dingy indistinct waved streak. Caterpillar, red, with two tufts of hair on the back, one on the tail and two on the neck ; feeds on hazel and birch. Pupa enclosed in a case; anteriorly black, posteriorly brown, Not common. Kent, Surrey, and near Dublin.
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 41
ORGYIA (OcHSENHEIMER).
Toe VAPOURER (Orgyia antiqua, OCHSENHRIMER) appears from July to October, Wings, none in the female, one inch two-sixths to one-half in the male, rust-brown; first pair clouded with brown, with a very white crescent near the pos- terior angle; second pair paler and spotless. Caterpillar, dusky spotted with red, with four white tufts on the back; feeds on white and black thorn, and various other trees. Pupa dingy and yellow. Common near London.
Tue ORANGE Tussock (0. Gonostigma, OcHSENHEIMER) ap- pears from June till the end of August. Wings, none in the female, one inch one-fourth to seven-twelfths in the male, brown ; first pair with two opposite white spots, one in the pos- terior angle, and the other at the thicker margin. Caterpillar, gregarious, with eight white tufts on the back, with two black gnes on the neck and one on the tail; feeds on a variety of plants. Ppa yellow, posteriorly yellow. Scarce. Oxfordshire, Kent, and Surrey.
LALIA (STEPHENS).
THE WHITTLESEA Ermine (Lelia Canosa, STEPHENS) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch seven-twelfths to three- fourths, female one inch one-half to three-fourths, pale yellow- ish-brown ; first pair, the hinder margin with a row of in- distinct dingy spots; female white, with the legs and palpi yellow. Caterpillar, dingy, spotted with yellow, with four yellow tufts on the back, two dark ones on the head, and one on the tail; feeds on burr-reed. Pupa deep black, enclosed ina spindle-shaped cocoon. Local. Whittlesea-Mere.
LEUCOMA (StrprHeEns)-
Tar BLack V. (Leucoma Vau-nigra, SterHENS) appears in August. Wings of the male one inch three-fourths, female one inch five-sixths, snow-white, with the nervures slightly yellowish, and a small black V. in the centre of the first pair. Caterpillar, with eight tufts on the back, of which the two first and last are white; feeds on the lime. Pupa greenish blue, with a black spot on the corselet. Rare. Kent.
Tae SATIN (L. Salicis, SrerpHENS) appears inJuly. Wings of the male one inch one-half to five-sixths, female one inch five- sixths to two inches, of a rich glossy white; the antenne with black plumelets, and the legs with black rings. Caterpillar, hairy, blackish, spotted with red, with a row of white spots on the back; feeds on willows and poplars. Pupa hairy, dusky, en- Closedin a cocoon. Very common. Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey.
PORTHESIA (SrEerHeEns).
Tue Goup Tarr (Porthesia Chrysorrheaa, STEPHENS) appears the end of July and beginning of August. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth to seven-twelfths, female one inch seyen- twelfths to five sixths, snow-white, with a dark spot at the pos- terior angle of the first pair; the plumelets of the antennee dusky yellow, Caterpillar, gregavious, hairy, blackish, with two red
42 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
lines on the back, and white tufts on the sides: feeds on white
and black thorn, elm, oak, fruit trees, &c. Pupa dingy, enclosed
i acase. Abundant. Yorkshire, Essex, Middlesex, Kent, and urrey.
Tue Brown Tai (P. Auriflua, SrepHens) appears in August, Wings of the male one inch one-third to one-half, female one inch one-half to two-thirds, aboye pure white ; first pair beneath with a dusky cloud on the upper edge in the male ; the plumelets of the antenne and tuft at the tail yellowish-brown. Caterpillar similar to the preceding. Abundant. Near London, York, New- castle-upon-Tyne, Kent, and Surrey,
HYPERCAMPA (Husner),.
° Tue ScARvET TicER (Hypercampa*Dominula, STEPHENS) ap- pears in June. Wings two inches to two inches one-sixth; first pair black, having a glossy greenish tinge, with several yellowish white spots; second pair cinnabar red, and spotted with black. Caterpillar, hairy, black, with three yellow streaks and white spots: feeds on willow, ash, hound’s-tongue, nettle, &c. Pupa brown, in a loose web on the ground. Not common. Near London, York, Cambridge, Oxford, Devonshire, and Hampshire.
EUTHEMONIA (SterHENs).
Tue CLouvep Burr (uthemonia Russula, SrePHeNS) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch one-half to three-fourths, female one inch one-third to five-sixths; buff orange, with the margins and a central crescent, blood red. The female smaller than the male, with the neryvures and the crescent reddish, Caterpillar, dingy, with yellow spots on the sides; feeds on grasses, &c. Pupa reddish-brown; in a web on the ground. Not very common, Darenth Wood and the New Forest; York, Cambridge, and Surrey.
ARCTIA (STEPHENS).
THe Great Ticker (Arectia Caja, ScuraANk) appears towards the end of July. Wings of the male two inches two-thirds to eleven-twelfths, female two inches three-fourths to three inches; reddish-brown, with white waved streaks ; second pair red, with about six round bluish-black spots; abdomen red, with a row of black spots. Caterpillar, solitary, black, hairy, with three ele- vated bluish warts on the sides of the segments: feeds on lettuce, chickweed, and various other plants. Pupa black oF brown, enclosed ina case. Common. Scotland and England.
Tur SMALL Matron (A. Matronula, Scuranx), said to be British on doubtful authority.
Tue Cream-Pot Ticker (A. Villica, ScuRANK) appears the middie or end of June. Wings of the male two inches ont- twelfth to one-third, female two inches one-sixth to one-half} first pair very black, marked with eight yellowish. white spots} second pair yellow, spotted with black, Caterpillar, dingy, halty, spotted with red; head and legs red; feeds on chickweed, and
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 43
various plants. Puwpa black, enclosed in a case. Rather scarce. About London, Hertfordshire, Suffolk, Cambridge, Kent, and Surrey.
Tue Hens, THE Purrie, and tur Courrier (A. Hebe, A. Purpurea, and A, Aulica, ScuRanK). Said to be British on doubtful authority.
NEMEOPHILA (SrEerHENs).
Tue Woop Ticker (Nemeophila Plantaginis, SrEPHUNS) ap- pears the middle or end of June. Wings of the male one inch one half to two-thirds, female one inch seyen-twelfths to five- sixths; first pair black, irregularly streaked with yellow; second pair red or yellow, with irregular long black streaks and spots. Caterpillar, black, with the six middle segments yellow : feeds on plantain. Pupa dark. Not common, Yorkshire, Westmore- land, Kent, and Surrey.
PHRAGMATOBIA (STEPHENS).
Tue Runy Ticer (Phragmatobia fuliginosa, STEPHENS) ap- pears the beginning of July. Wings five-sixths to one inch one-half; first pair of a reddish-brown, with two black spots in the centre; second pair red, with a row of black spots towards the hinder margin; abdomen above red, with a row of black spots. Caterpillar, rust red, with the head and fore-legs black : feeds on plantain, dock, nettle, &c. Not common. Dublin, Durham, Yorkshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, and Surrey.
SPILOSOMA (SrerHENs).
Tne Grear Ermine (Spilosoma Menthrasti, SterHENs) ap- pears in May. Wings of the male one inch one-half to three- fourths, female one inch one-half to eleven-twelfths, whitish, spotted with black, and having several black lines towards the posterior margin; antennee black; the abdomen above yellow, with five rows of black spots; the fore-legs yellow. Caterpillar hairy, brown, with a red streak on the sides. Pupa sub- terraneous, reddish, in a loose cocoon. Not scarce. Near eo York, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Epping, and Cambridge- shire,
Tae Dinoy Wuirte (Sp. Urtice, SterHENs). Wings one inch seven-twelfths, whitish; first pair with a minute black dot on the disc; second pair with three dusky spots; the antennz white. Caterpillar, similar to the preceding. Rare, Epping Forest, and Yorkshire.
Tne Water Ermine (Sp. Papyratia, SrePHENs) appears the middle of June. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds, white ; first pair with three or four black spots on the dise, and a streak of black spots (about ten in number) towards the tip; second pair generally spotless; the corselet and tip of the abdomen show white, Caterpillar, deep brown: feeds on water-mint, ta ladies bed-straw, &c. Pupadusky. Rather rare, Near
mdon,
44 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS:
Tue Srorren Burr (Sp. lubricepeda, SrePHENS) appears in June. Wings of the male one inch one-half to three-fourths, female one inch two-thirds to five-sixths, buff colour; first pair with a slanting interrupted streak of black spots behind the centre; second pair generally without spots; abdomen with five rows of black dots. Caterpillar, yellowish, with a whitish line on the sides; feeds on various herbaceous plants. Pupa subter. raneous, enclosed inacase. Common. Durham, York, Cam. bridge, Middlesex, and Devonshire.
Tue Rayep Burr (Sp. radiata, Srepwens). The first pair of Fees tlic with a large spot, and streaks of yellow. Rare, orkshire.
DIAPHORA (STEepHENs).
Tue Sporren Mustin (Diaphora mendica, SrEPHENS) appears the middle of May. Wings of the male one inch one-sixth to one-third, female one inch one third to one-half; first pair in the male blackish, in the female white, with six or seven black Scattered spots; second pair with three or four spots near the hinder margin; the abdomen white, with five rows of black spots: legs yellow. Cuterpillar, ash-coloured ; feeds on various water plants. Pupa brown, enclosed in a case. Rather un common, Yorkshire, Norfolk, Essex, and Kent.
PENTHOPHERA (German). Tue Rep Morn (Penthophera Rubia, GermAr). Not British.
Tue Neoro (Penth. nigricans, Curtis) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth, brownish-black, with a yellowish tint; the fringes and nervures darker ; the feet silvery ; the legs and margins of the four or five last rings of the abdomen obscure yellow. Rare, Dorsetshire.
PSYCHE (Scuranr).
Tue Brown Musuin (Psyche fusca, SCHRANK) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings of the male eight lines to nine one-half, female two lines to two one-half; pal greyish-brown, without spots; the abdomen ash-coloured. ‘The female without wings. Caterpillar feeds on the sallow and hazel in June and the autumn, living in a case formed of pieces of leaves. Verylocal. Highgate, Middlesex.
FUMEA (Haworth).
THE Sainina Necro (Fumea nitida, HAwortTH) appears in Jwy. Wings five lines to five one-half, of a bright brown, Ti ther longish, with the margins ash-coloured. Caterpillar, yel- lowish, with the head and aline on the three first segments chi nut coloured. Pupa brown, ina case formed of bits of grass leaves. Rare. Kent.
THe SmMALt Necro (F. Pulla, Stermens) appears in June Wings five lines, rounded, deep brown, without spots, and hairy margins; antenne: rather pectinated. Rare. Kent,
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 45
Tur Necro Boy (F. Muscella, STEPHENS) appears in June. Wings five lines one-half to six lines, slightly oblong, deep black, transparent, unspotted; the body covered with hair; the anten- ne brown. Notcommon. Essex, Hertfordshire, and Kent.
Tuk TRANSPARENT Necro (IF. Bomb, cella, STEPHENS). Wings six lines to six one-half, rounded, s ghtly transparent, livid, sprinkled with brown, Very rare.
Tak Liont Necro (F. pectinea, SrerHENs). Wings one-half inch, rounded, ashy-brown, transparent, unspotted, margined with brown. Very rare,
NUDARIA (Haworrn).
THe Musuin (Nudaria munda, Haworrn) appears in July and August. Wings nine to eleven lines, blunt, dingy white; first pair with two waved brown streaks, and a brown spot between them; second pair spotless. Caterpillar, brown, hairy, feeds upon lichens. Pupa brown. Not uncommon, Hertfordshire, Cheshire, Kent, and Surrey.
Tug LAcE-winoa (N. Hemerobia, S@EPHENs) appears the end of July. Wings one-half inch to five-sixths, transparent, spotless, with scaly margin and yellowish fringe. Not common. Kent,
Tuk ANTIQUE MusLIN (N. Senex, STEPHENS) appears in Jiily. Wings two-thirds to three-fourths of an inch, rounded, dingy yellow; first pair with a dingy spot a little beyond the middle, beyond which there is a very indistinct arched streak, composed of dusky dots, or small dingy lines ; second pair with a crescent- like dingy spot in the centre. Rare. Cambridgeshire and Surrey.
HETEROGENA (Knocn).
THE AsEL.us (Heterogena Asellus, SrerHENS). Wings one- half inch to three-quarters, of a glossy brown, spotless, with dusky fringe. Caterpillar, egg-shaped, red, with a yellow line down the back, spotted with black ; the sides green ; feeds on the poplar. Pupa brown, enclosed in a case, Local. New Forest, near Lyndhurst and Kimpton.
LIMACODES (LaTREILLE), THE Festoon (Limucodes Testudo, SternHens) appears the end June. Wings of the male two-thirds of an inch to eleven- twelfths, female five-sixths of an inch to one one-third, yellowish revs first pair with two slanting dusky streaks ; colour deeperin lesecond pair. Caterpillar, green, egg shaped, smooth, with two
a lines on the back; feeds on the oak. Rare. Norfolk,
46 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
NOCTUINA (Rennie).
LITHOSIIDZ (StTerHENs).
CALLIMORPHA (LATREILLE).
Tae CinnABAR Morn (Callimorpha Jacobe@, LATREILLE) ap. pears in May. Wings one inch one-half to eleven-twelfths ; first pair brown on both surfaces, with a streak and two spots of a blood-red colour ; second pair blood-red, irregularly dusky at the upper edge, fringe ashy-brown, Caterpillar, hairy, black, with yellow rings ; feeds on the flowers of the rag-wort. Pupa blunt, reddish, enclosed ina slight cocoon, Not common. Near Lon. don, Yorkshire, Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, Devon, Somersetshire, Cork, and Bute.
Tue Rose Wine (C. vosea, LATREILLE) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings five-sixths of an inch to one one-third; red, or rose colour ; first pair with three waved, slanting, blackish streaks, the last of which is near the hinder margin, and composed of distinct black dots. Caterpillar, brown, with whitish tufts; head reddish-brown, with orange down; feeds on birch, ash, and oak. Pupa brown, acute, enclosed ina strong web formed of silk and hair. Not common. Yorkshire, Hertfordshire, and Middlesex.
EULEPIA, (Curtis.)
THE FEATHERED LAcKry (Hulepia Grammica, Curtis) ap- pears in October. Wings one inch one-third to one half, yellow; first pair streaked with black, with a black spot towards the hin- der margin; second pair with a central crescent and margins black. Caterpillar, brown, with a yellow streak on the back, the sides with two lines, one white and one yellow ; the legs orange- red; feeds on black thorn, plantain, &c. Pupa dusky, Rare, Berkshire and Anglesea.
Tue Sreve LAckEy (Ku. Cribrum, Curtis) appears in June. Wings one inch one-third to one-half, ashy grey, first pair with slanting rows of black spots ; second pair darker. The corselet white, with black spots. Caterpillar when young deep black. Very local, Parley Heath, Hampshire. -_
DEIOPEIA, (STEPHENS).
Tuk Pretry Crimson (Deiopeia pulchella, SteEPHENS) appears ) the end of September. Wings one inch five-twelfths to three- | fourths; first pair straw yellow, with very numerous black and | red square spots, disposed nearly in a slanting arched series; second pair snow-white, with a central blotch, and the hinder | margins black. Caterpillar, bluish gray, with black and red | spots, and a broad white stripe down the back; feeds on mouse ear, and forget-me-not, Rare, Yorkshire, Hampshire, and Sussex |
LITHOSIA (Faprictvs). | Tue ORANGE Lackey (Lithosia Aureola, OCHSENHEIMER) A)
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 47
pears the middle of July. Wings five-sixths of an inch to one inch one-sixth ; orange-yellow ; first pair beneath with a very broad dingy patch, leaving the margins only yellow. Second pair paler. Caterpillar, black, with three pale yellow stripes on the back, and some white spots on the tail; feeds on the spruce and Scotch fir. Rare. Kent and Surrey.
Tue Frar Lackey (L. Helvola, OcuskENuEIMER). Wings three-fourths of an inch to one inch one-sixth ; pale yellow, with ashy and yellow margins, and yellow fringes. Very Rare. Es- sex and Hampshire.
Tur Straw Lackey (L. flava, Fasricivs). Wings one inch one-third to one-half; straw colour on both surfaces, and with- out spots. Rare. Kent and Hampshire.
Tue CINEREOUS LAcKEY (L. Gilveola, OcHSENHEIMER). Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair pale buff colour, ashy
beneath; second pair pale yellow on both surfaces. Very rare. Kent,
Tae LEAD-coLourrp LAckry (L. complana, HAworrs) ap pears the end of July or beginning of August. Wings one inch to oneinch one-third ; first pair lead colour, with the upper edge, and second pair on both sides yellow. Caterpillar, black, with two yellow streaks on the back, spotted with red and white, with a slight yellow line on each side; feeds on the oak, ash, poplar, sloe, &c. Pupa reddish-brown, Not uncommon. York- shire, Essex, Devonshire, Kent, and Surrey.
Tae Burr Lackey (L. depressa, OcusENHEIMER) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch one-half ; first pair pale lead- coloured ash, with the upper edge yellow; second pair on both surfaces yellow, with the base ashy. Caterpillar greyish.brown, with the back yellow, with black spots; feeds on the Scotch fir. Pupa reddish. Rare. Kent.
Tar Dun Lackey (L. griseola, HAworrn) appears the end of July or beginning of August. Wings one inch one-quarter to one half; first pair with the upper edge straw-yellow. Second pair paler, with a tinge of yellow. Rather rare. Hertfordshire.
THe PALE LEADEN (L. plumbeolata, SterHENS). Wings one
ich five-twelfths to one-half; first pair of a pale lead-colour, with the upper edge slightly tinged with yellow ; second pair yellowish-grey. Rare. Near London,
Tae Pear, Lackey (L. muscerda, OcHSENHEIMER). Wings one inch one-third; ashy; first pair with several small black dots disposed towards the tip and middle; second pair spotless, Very rare. Norfolk.
Tar Jury LAcwry (L. quadra, Fapricius) appears the middle of July. Wings of the male one inch two-thirds to five-sixths 5 female one inch two-thirds to two inches ; first pair of the male Yellowish grey, deep yellow at the base, with the upper edge
ue-black; of the female bright yellow, with two deep blue Spots in the middle, Caterpillar, dusky, with red dots and a
48 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
black spot on the back, and black lines on the sides; feeds on birch, fir, &e. Pupa black, in a strong web. Plentiful. Essex, Kent, Surrey, Swifolk, Devonshire.
GNOPHRIA (SrernEns).
Tue Biack LAckey (G@nophria Rubricollis, SrRPHENS) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to one-third, black, with the anterior margin of the corselet blood-red. @a- terpillar, hairy, blackish, with deep black bands; head-pitch black and two white streaks: feeds on various kinds of lichens in June. Pupa reddish-brown, in a grey web in July. Not searce. Bssex and Kent.
SETINA (STEPHENS).
Tus Dew Lackey (Setinairrorea, ScurRANK) appears in June, Wings of the male one inch to one inch one-fourth, female three- fourths to one inch, yellow; first pair with three slanting streaks of black spots; second pair with very few spots; corselet — and extremity of the abdomen orange yellow. Caterpillar black, with yellow stripes on the back and sides; feeds on lichens, © Pupa red-brown. Rare, Kent. |
Tue SMALL Dew Lackey (S. roscida, Scurank). Wings of the male five-sixths to one inch, female two-thirds of an inch, Appears to differ from the preceding insect in size only. Un- common, Surrey.
Tur Four. Seor Lackey (L. eborina, Sreruens) appears the beginning of August. Wings of the male one inch one-fourth, female five-sixths to one inch; first pair whitish and glossy, with the upper edge and hinder margins yellow, with two black spots, one on the upper edge, and the other on the inner margin; second pair above dusky ; margins on both sides yellow; beneath whitish yellow. Notcommon. Essex, Kent, and Surrey.
gine
NOCTUIDZZ (SveEPHENS).
TRIPH ANA (OcHSENHEIMER).
Tae Lunar Unperwine (Triphena orbona, OcHSENHEIMER) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings one in seven-twelfths to two-thirds ; first pair liver-brown, with dotted streaks; second pair of a deep yellow, with a central black crescent and marginal streak. Caterpillar greenish, with black spots on the sides, Not scarce, York, Salop, Essex, Kent, and Surrey.
Tae Crescent UNDERWING (T. subsequa, OCHSENHEIMER): Wings one inch two-thirds to three-fourths, grey-brown, with an obscure kidney-shaped spot and black streak at the tip of the first pair; second pair yellow, with a dusky central crescent and marginal band. Rare. Scotland,
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 49
THe BRipE-MAID (7, Pronuba, OcuSENHEIMER) appears the beginning of June and middle of July. Wings two inches to two inches one-fourth or one-third ; first pair of a cloudy grey ; second pair bright yellow, crossed with a narrow black band. Cater. pillar, greenish, with two interrupted black lines on the back ; feeds on the primrose, violet, auricula, cabbage, &c., found throughout the winter beneath stones, clods, &c., in the day- time, and changes to a reddish pupa about April or May. Com- mon. Durham, York, and South of England.
Tue Viren (Tr. Innuba, OcHSENHEIMER). Wings two inches to two inches one-third, of uniform colour; upper wings liver brown; under wings yellow, with a black submarginal streak. Probably a variety of 77. Pronuba. Common,
THE BROAD-BORDERED UNpERWING (7%. Fimbria, Ocusen- HEIMER) appears the end of June and beginning of July; first pair of a pale grey, with waved streaks of a lighter colour; second pair clear yellow, with a very broad black marginal hand, Caterpillar buff grey, with a reddish head, a pale line on the back, and black spots on the spiracles ; feeds on the primrose, violet, potato, &c., in spring and autumn. Rare. Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Kent, and Devonshire.
Tue SMALL-BoRDERED UNDERWING (T'r. Interjecta, OCHSEN- HEIMER) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth to five- twelfths ; first pair of a dingy red, with various indistinct streaks of black dots, and a double one towards the hinder margin ; second pair yellow, with a black cireumference. Not common, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, and Surrey.
Tar TAnTuE (7. Ianthina, OcHSENHEIMER) appears in July or August. Wings one inch five twelfths to two thirds, grey ; first pair variously banded with dusky, with white crescents in the middle in place of the ordinary stigmata; second pair with the base and broad marginal band deep black, and the centre bright orange yellow. Caterpillar whitish, with waved dusky streaks and black spots posteriorly; feeds on chickweed, &c. Pupa brown, Not common. York, Suffolk, Essex, and Warwick.
CERIGO (SrePueEns).
Tae Straw Unverwine (Cerigo texta, SreeHENS) appears about June. Wings one inch one-half to three-fourths, dusky varied with grey; first pair with waved streaks, bordered with black; second pair straw colour, with a broad dusky margin. Caterpillar whitish, with a black stripe on the back; feeds on goat's beard, Not common, Norfolk, Essex, Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey,
LYTAA (STEPHENS).
Tur Six-strire Rustic (Lyfea umbrosa, STEPHENS) appears the end of July, Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds, rosy grey; first pair with six dusky streaks; second pair with a broad dusky margin, Caterpillar greyish white, with a dingy Stripe on each side, Notcommon. Salopand Kent.
E
50 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
CHARDAS (Srernens).
THE Turv Rustic (Charwas Cespitis, StePHENS) appears in September. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths ; first pair brownish black, with three whitish waved streaks, margined with black ; second pair greyish white at the base, with dusky clouds towards the margin. Caterpillar brownish, with three pale lines placed lengthways; feeds on grass. Scarce. Kent.
Tue Aurumnat Rustic (Ch. confinis, StEPHENS). Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair indistinctly indented, pale greyish brown, with two slanting blackish streaks and one whitish ; second pair greenish white. Rare. Locality unknown.
Tue Barrep Rustic (Ch. fusca, STEPHENS) appears in Sep- tember. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths; first pair blackish brown, with an indistinct somewhat triangular band in the middle, and a streak at the hinder margin ; second pair in the aah whitish, in the female brown or dusky. Not common,
ent.
THE Biack Rustic (Ch. Atthiops, SrepuENs) appears in June, Wings one inch two-thirds to five-sixths ; first pair black, witha broad dark band darker tinted in the middle, stigmata very indis- tinct, the hinder one externally margined with yellowish ; second pair in the male white, margined with black, in the female dusky, Rare. Cumberland, Kent, and Devonshire.
Tue AntTiEeR (Ch. Graminis, SrepHENs) appears the begin- ning of July, Wings one inch one-sixth to one-half; first pair greyish brown, with a whitish line branching into three towards the posterior angle, with pale stigmata, and slender black lines towards the tip. Caterpillar dusky, with yellow streaks on the back and sides, feeds on grasses, (except fox-tail grass), and changes into a brown shining pupa towards the end of June, Not common. Huntingdonshire, Surrey, and Devonshire.
RUSINA (STEPHENS).
Tue Brown Rustic (Russina ferruginea, StEPHENS) appears towards the end of June. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair rusty grey, with four waved streaks and several pale spots on the upper edge; second pair pale greyish white. Cater- pillar dingy brown, with yellowish lines on the back and sides: Pupa reddish, Rare, Kent.
AGROTIS (Husner),
Tue Crescent Rustic (Agrotis lunigera, SrEPHENS) appeals in June. Wings one inch two-thirds; first pair brown, variegated with yellowish, having two doubleblackish streaks and a yellowish crescent formed by the anterior stigma, which is dusky towards the upper edge, and bright yellow towards the inner margin; second pair cream white. Rare, County Cork.
Tue Heart and Ciup Rustic (A. corticea, OcHsENHEIMER) appears the end of June. Wings one inch one-third to two
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS, 51
thirds; first pair pale grey, with the ordinary stigmata interiorly grey, exteriorly black; second pair dusky, with a central cres- cent and nervures darker. Thorax grey and white. Very vari- able. Rather scarce, Salop, Norfolk, Hertford, Kent, Sussex, and Devonshire,
Tuk PEARL UNDERWING (A. equa, OCHSENHEIMER) appears in September and October. Wings one inch five-sixths to two inches ; first pair ashy grey, with the three ordinary stigmata very indistinct, and a paler spot at the tip; second pair dusky white, tinged with violet, with the nervures and the hinder margin, especially towards the posterior angle, dusky. Rare. Essex, Hertfordshire, and near London,
Tue Corn Rustic (A, Segetum, OcHSENHEIMER) appears in June. Wings one inch one-half to eleven-twelfths ; first pair rusty greyish, with rather indistinct waved streaks; second pair whitish, andso variable in its colour and markings, that ithas been mul- tiplied into not less than nine species. Caterpillar dusky, with a pale line on the back and on each side, with four or five black spots on each ring; found at the roots of corn, and in May changes into a dusky brown pupa. But too common in some districts. Hertfordshire and Suffolk.
Ture DARK Sworp Grass (A, suffusa, OCHSENHEIMER) appears in June and July, Wings one inch three-fourths to two inches ; first pair grey, clouded with brownish, with a broad dusky band in the middle, and the hinder stigma spine-like, Caterpillar ashy grey; found at the roots of grass in May, and towards the end of the month changes into a dusky pupa. Not uncommon, but local. Essex and Kent,
THE SUBTERRANEOUS Rustic (A. anneva, OCHSENHEIMER) appears in June. Wings one inch two-thirds; first pair greyish brown, paler at the base and hinder margin, with the stigmata connected by two black confluent lines ; second pair pearly white, with the nervures and margins brownish. Rare. Near London, Essex, and County Cork.
Tue Arcuer’s Dart (A. valligera, OCHSENHEIMER) appears in August. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds; first pair Srey, clouded with dusky, the upper edge with whitish spots, on the hinder margin a streak composed of arrow-shaped black spots. Caterpillar ashy grey, with four black spots on each seg- ment; feeds on grass, Scarce. Dublin, Glamorgan, Norfolk, near London, Hants, and Devonshire.
Tue Suurrie (A, vadia, Curtis). Wings one inch one-third ;
first pair pale dusky, with three stigmata, of which the two an- terior are small and shuttle-shaped, and the exterior large and kidney-shaped ; the upper margin is dotted with brown and White. Second pair whitish. Probably a variety of A, Radiola. Notcommon, Derbyshire, Hants and Devon.
THE SMALL Suurrie (A. Radiola, SrerPHENs) appears in June,
ings one inch one-sixth to one-third; first pair ashy grey,
the base with a dusky-square patch, and another behind the E2
52 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS-
middle; the anterior stigma longish and acute; of the female with a pale cloud towards the middle of the upper edge; second pair white, with dusky nervures; female dusky, with a darker central crescent, Rare. St. James’s and Greenwich Parks, Nor. folk and Devonshire.
Tue Arrow (A. sagittifera, OcHSENHEIMER). Wings one inch five-twelfths ; first pair grey, clouded with whitish, the base with an arrow-shaped black line, and another beneath the ordinary stigmata; second pair milk-white. Rare. Near London.
Tue Line Dart (A. lineolata, Curtis) appears the middle of August. Wings one inch four lines to one-half; first pair reddish brown, stigmata whitish, and a streak on the hinder margin of wedge-shaped black lines; second pair whitish, with a dusky border. Caterpillar shining grey ; found in June under stones, &c. Rare. Dublin and Kent.
Tur Puri, DARt (A. pupillata, Curtis) appears in July, Wings one inch five-twelfths; first pair brownish, with two somewhat waved streaks, between which the colour is paler; two of the stigmata somewhat ocellated, and the third teliform, Rare. Huntingdonshire, near London, and Deyon,
THe Eacie (A, aquilina, OcHSENHIMER) appears the middle of July. Wings one inch five-twelfths ; first pair ashy, streaked with black, the upper edge spotted with black at the base, and with white towards the tip; second pair in the male whitish, inthe female ashy. Caterpillar, ashy, head reddish, sides dusky; feeds on the bed straw. Scarce. Near London and Glamor ganshire.
Tur Wuear Darr (A. Tritici, OcuSENHEIMER) appears in June or July. Wings one inch five-twelfths ; first pair pale dusky brown, with the ordinary stigmata paler, and a streak towards the hinder margin composed of wedge-like spots, and a white line placed lengthways. The teliform stigma is conspicuous from its black edging ; second pair of the male whitish, of the female pale ash, with the margin dusky. Caterpillar, pale grey, with paler lines; feeds on corn in May. Not scarce. Near London and Whittlesea-Mere,
Tux Eyever Morn (A. ocellina, OcHSENHEIMER). Wingsone inch one-fourth to one-third ; first pair blackish, with a shortish ashy line placed lengthways, two black spots and two pale-co- loured streaks. Rare. Dublin, Kent, and Hants.
Tur Wepor-Bar (A. cuneigera, Curtis) appears the begin- ning of July. Wings one inch one-quarter to five-twelfths; first pair greyish brown, with three stigmata and a streak of brown wedge-like spots towards the hinder margin ; second pair whitish, with the nervures and margins dusky, Scarce Middlesex and Kent.
Tae VeInep DArr (A. venosa, STEPHENS) appears in July. Wings one inch five-twelfths ; first pair brownish grey, with three slanting ashy streaks, at the hinder margin is also a whit
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 53
streak, the nervures pale ashy grey; second pair of the male ash-coloured, and the neryures darker. Rare. Edinburgh.
Tur GARDEN Mors (A. Hortorum, Sreruens). No descrip- tion published?
Tue BLACK QUAKER (A. nigricans, Curtis) appears the end of July and beginning of August. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half; first pair dusky, with three streaks, and stigmata paler; the third stigmata well marked with a black margin; second pair white, with the nervures, margins, and a central crescent dusky. Caterpillar brown and shining, with black spots and a yellowish line on the side; found in June. Not scarce. Lon- don and Huntingdonshire,
Tur DARK Rustic (A. fumosu, HAwortTH). Wings one inch one-quarter to one-third, blackish, variously streaked with black and pale, with the two ordinary stigmata bordered with yel- lowish, the teliform stigma is wanting. Perhaps only a variety of A. nigricans. Rare, Near London and Huntingdonshire,
Tue Onevisk DART (A. obeliscata, Curtis) appears in Au-~ gust, Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, red brown, with a black triangular spot before the first stigma, and a pale square spot between the stigmata. Rare. Near London and Kent,
Tue RuRALDART(A. ruris, OCHSENHEIMER)appears in August, Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds ; first pair pale brown, with streaks, and the three ordinary stigmata yellowish white. Rare. Huntingdonshire and Kent.
Tae Wurre Line (A. dubia, HAworTH) appears in August. Wings one inch one-half, brown or black with streaks, and the ordinary stigmata darker, and a white well marked waved streak towards the hinder margin. Probably a variety of A. ruris, Rare. Near London.
Tue Gornic DART (A, subgothica, SterugNns). Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair greyish. brown, with the upper edge at the base, a longitudinal dash placed lengthways, a marginal band towards the hinder margin, and the stigmata, pale. Scarce, Norfolk, near London and Devon.
Tur HALBerr (A, Ewclamationis, OCcHSENHEIMER) appears the endof June. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds ; first pair brown, with the streaks and three ordinary stigmata black, Ca- terpillar dull red brown, with black spots, anda pale red line on the back; feeds on groundsel. Very common.
TuE CLoup Morn (A. nebulosa, SterueNs) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch one-third, female one inch one-sixth; first pair whitish-grey, with dusky clouds at the base, the hinder Margin darker, with a white waved streak; the second pair of the male white, of the female ash colour. Rare, Devonshire,
Tae Lionr Fearnerey Rustic (A. cinerea, OCHSENHEIMER) appears the beginning of June, Wings of the male one inch one~
| b a
54 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
half to two-thirds, female one inch one-third; first pair ash- coloured, clouded with brown, posteriorly of a darker hue, with two indented black streaks; second pair whitish, corselet ante- riorly black. Caterpiliar greenish-brown, with three red stripes on the back, the head brown and shining, legs yellowish white, Not common, Shropshire, Berks, Kent, and the Isle of Wight,
GRAPHIPHORA (Huswer).
Tue Ruomaorp (Gr. rhomboidea, OcHSENUEIMER) appears in July. Wings of the male one inch two-thirds, female one inch one-sixth ; first pair reddish brown, tinged with rosy, with a brownish-rhomboidal spot, and a triangular one near the stig- mata; the antennee of the male are pectinated. Rare. Hunt- ingdonshire.
THe Kipney, (Gr. renigera, StuPHENS) appears in July. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair blackish grey, with scattered white dots, and darker slanting lines ; second pair ashy brown, paler at the base. Rare. Forfarshire, Westmore- land, and Derbyshire.
Tue Scurker (Gr. latens, Srernens) appears in summer, Wings one inch one-half; first pair glossy ashy black, with waved and very indistinct brownish streaks, the ordinary stigmata are very indistinct; second pair ash-coloured, with whitish borders, Rare. South of Scotland.
THE Pyrorni.ous (Gr. pyrophila, SrepaEns) appears in July. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds ; first pair ashy, streaked, and spotted with brown ; second pair glossy brown. Caterpillar dull brownish-grey. Rare. Near London, Shropshire, War- wickshire, Zetland, and Lanarkshire.
Tue Crescent Srrirep (Gr, lunulina, SterHEns). Wings one inch two-thirds, brown, with four indistinct pale streaks, edged with black, as if composed of minute crescents ; no ante- rior stigma ; there is a row of very minute black spots on the hin- der margin ; second pair ashy, having a dingy border, with a pale oe on the margin itself, fringes whitish. Rare. Cambridge- shire.
Tue Stour Darr (Gr. crassa, STEPHENS) appears the middle of August. Wings one inch one-half to three-fourths; first pair shining brown, slightly clouded with black, the third stigma in- distinct, the streaks paler than those which generally appear in this species ; second pair whitish, with the nervures and margin black-brown. Scarce. Scotland and Norfolk.
Tue Auour (Gr. Augur, OcHSENHEIMER) appears the begin- ning of July. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to three-fourths; first pair dusky reddish-brown, with black waved streaks, two black rings, and one kidney-shaped, with a black margin and ashy middle; second pair dusky, tinged with red, and a crescent on the disc. Notscarce, Essex, Hertford, and Kent,
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 55
Tur BRUNETTE (Gr. brunnea, HAwonrn) appears the end of July and beginning of August. Wings one inch one-half to two- thirds; first pair purplish brown, with a dark waved band at the hinder margin, the hinder stigma yellow, and a central black spot; second pair dingy brown, witha spot in the centre ; fringe of all the wings dingy brownish, Caterpillar brown, spotted with white, with a bluish line on the sides ; head black, with two white streaks; feeds on the pea. Not scarce. Salop, Kent, and Surrey.
Tun GuAucous (Gr. candilesequa, OCHSENHEIMER) appears in July. Wings one inch one-half; first pair glaucous-grey, with black streaks, of which the exterior is indented, and the posterior pale and somewhat waved ; second pair dusky ash ; the border of allthe wings greyish brown. Caterpillar dingy brown, streaked with white and red; isfoundin May. Rare. Kent.
Tur TureE Srorren (Gr. tristigma, OcHSENHEIMER) appears in July. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds ; first pair dusky brown, with a black spot between the stigmata, another at the base of the anterior stigma, and a third of an irregular form at the base towards the inner margin. Caterpillar dusky, with a white line on the back and on each side; feeds on the dandelion in May. Scarce. Kentand Surrey.
Tur TRIANGLE (Gr, Triangulum, OcHSENHEIMER) appears the end of July. Wings one inch seyen-twelfths to two-thirds ; first pair greyish purple, spotted with black, with a black spot on the upper margin towards the tip, the stigmata and four pale streaks margined with black; second pair dusky brown. Caterpillar reddish ash, with a dusky line on the back and areddish one on the sides, with two brownish stripes on each joint; in June it changes into a brown pupa. Not plentiful. Yorkshire, Suffolk, Essex, Kent, and Sussex.
Tur BuAck Srorren (Gr, Depuncta, OcHSENHEIMER), Said to be British on doubtful authority.
Tur Tricomma (Gr. baja, HAworTH) appears the end of July. Wings one inch one-half to two-thirds; first pair rusty grey, obscurely clouded in the middle, witha minute black dot at the base, and a patch on the upper edge near the tip; second pair dusky brown, paler on the hinder margin, Caterpillar varied with ashy and brown, with three white lines on the back, and a yellow one on the sides; feeds on the nightshade, and changes toa pupa in June.
Tur BARRED CuEstNuT (Gr. erythrocephala, HAworrn) ap- pears in July. Wings one inch one-third to seven-twelfths ; first pair rusty grey, with a brownish square chestnut spot be- tween the stigmata, between which and the hinder margin is a waved chestnut brown band; second dusky brown, with a darker central crescent. Caterpillar grey brown, with a dusky stripe on the back, and two white lines on the back and on the sides, and a few white spots; feeds on the plantain(?) Occurs in May. Rare. Kent and Surrey.
56 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
Tue Primrose (Gr. festiva, HAworTH) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings one inch one-fourth to one- half; first pair clouded with grey or pale brown, with several angular spots, which are of a deeper hue, or black towards the stigmata; second pair ash colour, with a central dusky crescent, Caterpillar reddish yellow, with yellow spots, and a yellow line on the back, and two dusky lines on the sides; feeds on the primrose, and changes to pupa in June. Rare. Kent and Surrey.
Tue Biack C, (Gr. C. nigrum, OcHSENHEIMER) appears the end of June and beginning of July. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half; first pair ashy brown, witha black line at the base, and another at the upper edge towards the tip; in the middle a large bow-like black patch externally pale ; second pair whitish or yellowish white, with the hinder margin dusky. Caterpillar varied with ash and brown, with a pale longitudinal line, and several transverse ones on the sides; feeds on chickweed, marsh willow-herb, and spinach; changes to a brown pupa in May.
Tue Musive (Gr. musiva, OcusENHEIMER). Wings one inch one-sixth; first pair brown, the base with a black waving line, and a whitish band at the superior margin ; corselet with a black band; second pair whitish. Caterpillar yellowish green, with a brown head, a dull green line on the back, and two whitish lines on the sides. Very rare,
Tae Waite Spor (Gr. albimacula, SreeuEeNs) appears in Sep- tember. Wings one inch five-twelfths to seven-twelfths ; first pair reddish brown, variegated with purple, with a pale band on the upper edge, a black line on the base, and a longish central blackish brown dash, in which there is a round white spot; second pair glossy, of a dusky ash colour, with faint slant. ing streaks and dark margins, Rare, Huntingdonshire and Hampshire.
THE FLAME (G. plecta, OCHSENHEIMER) appears in June and September. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-fourth ; first pair of a brownish purple, with a black line on the base, and with the upper edge from the base to the middle and the stigmata flame yellow; second pair whitish. Caterpillar green, with a brown head; occurs in May and August. Not scarce. Essex and Devonshire.
Danx’s Square Spor (Gr. punicea, HAworra) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth to five-twelfths ; first pair rosy grey, streaked with dusky, with a dusky square spot between the Stigmata, and another on the upper edge towards the tip; second pair ash colour, with a dusky central spot; the borders of all the wings reddish. Caterpillar reddish brown, with a yellow stripe on the back, and pale streaks on the sides, which are sprinkled with yellow and brown. Not common, Salop and Essex.
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 57
SEMIOPHORA (Sternens).
Tae Hesrew (S. gothica, Srepnens) appears the middle of April. Wings one inch one-fourth to seven-twelfths ; first pair greyish brown, with an arched black spot and square black line in the middle; the pale margins of the stigmata are only visible. Caterpillar pale green, yellowish on the back, with a white line and few dusky specks on the side; feeds on oak, honeysuckle, woodbine, &c. Not scarce. Essex, Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, and Shropshire.
ORTHOSIA (OcHsENHEIMER),
Tue CLoupED Dra (Or. instabilis, OcuSENHEIMER) appears the beginning of April. Wings one inch five-twelfths to two- thirds, greyish brown, or ashy clouded with grey, with a central rusty-brown band, the ordinary stigmata margined with pale ash, and the streak at the hinder margin simple and whitish. Caterpillar green, with a white line on the back and a yellow one on the sides; feeds on the oak. Plentiful. Essex and Surrey.
Tue‘ INTERMEDIATE (0. intermedia, STEPHENS). Wings one inch one-sixth to seven-twelfths, greyish brown; first pair with three equidistant darker bands, two rings, and the ordinary stig- mata pale, and a double streak on the hinder margin; the antenne of the male strongly pectinated. Rare, Surrey.
Tue LEADEN DRAB (0. gracilis, OcHSENHEIMER) appears the beginning of April. Wings one inch one-half to seven-twelfths, lead colour, and clouded with grey; first pair with an indistinct streak towards the hinder margin, and several greyish spots margined with pale; second pair dusky, Caterpillar green, the sides yellowish, with a black spot and four obscure dots on each ring, which is yellow; feeds on the oak, willow, bramble, &c. ; wianges to a pupa in July. Rather searce. Essex, Kent, and
urrey.
Tue Twin Sror Dras (0. munda, OcusENHEIMER) appears in April. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to two-thirds; first pair ashy grey, somewhat clouded, with a pale streak at the hinder margin, having two or three twin spots. Caterpillar varied with black and grey, with a red line on the sides ; feeds on the oak, elm, sloe, and fruit trees, and about June changes to apupa. Rare. Essex and Surrey.
Tut PowperED QuAKER (0. sparsa, Curtis) appears the beginning and end of April. Wings one inch seyen-twelfths to two-thirds, ashy grey; first pair with very minute dusky dots; behind the stigmata is an arched series of black spots, and to- wards the hinder margin a dusky streak margined with whitish. Caterpillar green, with a pale stripe on the back and sides; feeds On the tops of willows, and changes toa pupain July. Rather uncommon. Essex, Hertford, Kent, and Surrey.
Tue Pare QuaKER (0. pallidu, Curtis). Wings one inch five-twelfths to one-half, uniformly of a pale reddish brown; first pair, the ordinary stigmata have only a very slender pale
58 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS,
margin ; between these and the hindermargin, a straight slanting brownish streak, externally edged with a pale tint; behind
which, and near the hinder margin, is a row of very minute
brown spots. Probably only a variety of O. sparsa. Surrey.
Tue Steapy Quaker (0. stabdilis, OcusENHEIMER) appears |
the beginning of April. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half, rusty grey; first pair, the stigmata with yellowish margins, an external pale streak edged with dusky, and a row of small black dots on the hinder margin. Caterpillar yellowish, with prim. rose yellow lines and blue head; feeds on the oak, elm, beech, lime, poplar, cherry, &c. Common. Salop and Essex.
Tue BLossom UNDERWING (0. minioso, OcHsSENHEIMER) ap. pears the end of March. Wings one inch one-third to one-half; first pair pale ashy red, with three waved streaks and broad cen- tral band vermilion red; second pair rosy white, with a central dusky spot, and in the female particularly, an interrupted dusky band behind the middle. Caterpillar black, with an interrupted yellow line on the sides; the head with’ three streaks; feeds on oak and birch in May and June. Rare. Essex and Kent,
THE Dwarr QuAKER (0. cruda, OcusENNEIMER) appears the end of March. Wings eleven-twelfths to one inch one-fourth; first pair brownish ash, the base with scattered brown spots, the stigmata obscure, dusky, margined with grey, and two indistinct streaks of reddish spots; second pair dusky red. Caterpillar reddish brown, sprinkled with white on the back, with a yellow- ish line on the sides; the head green with white and black ; feeds on the oak, wild rose, &c., in June. Plentiful. Near London.
Tue Tiny QuaKer (0. pusilla, Curtis) appears the end of March. Wings one inch, grey, rounded or retuse, the stigmata contiguous, and a stout reddish, somewhat interrupted line, passing from the anterior stigmato the base. Rare. Surrey,
Tus Brown Sror Pinion (0. litura, OCHSENHEIMER) ap- pears the end of September and beginning of October. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-half, greyish brown, with five black spots or patches on the upper margin. Caterpillayx green ot yellowish, with a dark stripe on the back, edged with white, and whitish line on the sides; the head brown; feeds on sloc, birch, willow, rose, trefoil, &c., in May and June. Scarce. Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Essex, and Hertfordshire.
Tue Cuestnur (0, Pistacina, OcHseNHEIMER) appears in September. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half, yellowish brown; first pair with five very indistinct streaks composed of yellowish brown spots. Caterpillar green, with a whitish stripe and pale spots on the sides ; feeds on the Centaurea scabiosa and Ranunculus bulbosus. Scarce, Kent,
Tue Lunar Unperwine (0. lunosa, Curtis) appears in Sep- tember. Wings one inch one-third to one-half, greyish brown; first pair with a distinct streak of black spots towards the hinder margin; second pair white, with a central dusky crescent and
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS, 59
submarginal band. Not uncommon. Yorkshire, Hertford» Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Devon.
Tur Rep Line Quaker (0. Lota, OcusENHEIMER) appears in autumn. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half, ashy brown ; first pair with a black spot behind the middle; a brown streak towards the hinder margin edged with whitish, and the stig- mata with bright brown borders, Caterpillar greyish ash, with white streaks, slightly bordered with black, and a reddish line on the sides; feeds on willows. Pupa enclosed in a solid case. Not common, Essex, Cambridgeshire, Devonshire, and York- shire.
Ture YELLOW Line (0. flavilinea, SrerpHEeNs) appears the end of September and beginning of December. Wings one inch one- third to five twelfths, brownish; first pair with a slanting, but very straight yellowish streak, edged internally with dusky brown, and a brown spot at the base. Caterpillar feeds on plantain and chickweed, Not common, Near London, Devon- shire, and Hampshire.
Tue Brick (0, macilenta, OcHSENHEIMER) appears the end of September. Wings one inch one-third to two-thirds, reddish brown; first pair with four darker streaks, and a brown spot at the base of the first stigma. Caterpillar reddish brown, with dusky spots, and a faint whitish streak on the back and sides ; feeds on elm and oak. Rather scarce. Suffolk, Hertfordshire, Surrey, and Hampshire.
Tue Upsiion (0. Upsilon, OcuskNHEIMER) appears in July. Wings one inch one-fourth to one-half, ashy-brown; first pair with a black streak at the base, and a double one in the middle; the stigmata pale, between which is a black mark resembling a Yor V; second pair with a central crescent and margin of a darker tint. Caterpillar of a dull brown, with three pale stripes on the back, and several darkish spots on the sides; feeds on willows and poplars, Not common. Cambridgeshire, Middle- Sex, and Surrey.
MYTHIMNA (OscHSENHEIMER).
THe Dovusie Line (M. turca, OCHSENHEIMER) appears in July. Wings one inch two-thirds to three-fourths, deflexed and Tusty brown; first pair with numerous indistinct dusky dots; a brown incurved streak before, and another slanting and a little waved behind the whitish crescent, which is in the place of the hinder stigma; the first stigma is wanting. Caterpillar pale red, with a white line on the back, yellowish white under- heath; head brown; feeds on Juncus pilosus, Rare. Epping forest, near Bristol, and Surrey.
The Grey Bricur Eye (M. grisea, HAwortTH) appears the beginning of July. Wings one inch five-twelfths to seven- twelfths, of the male grey, of the female red, with a white cen- tral spot and an arched streak of very minute brown spots at the hinder margin. Caterpillar dusky, with a reddish line on
60 CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS.
the sides; feeds on plantain and chickweed. Not common, Essex, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, Kent, and Hampshire,
Tae Watre-sror Brient Eye (M, Lithargyria, Ocusen- HEIMER) appears in July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to five- twelfths, pale yellowish brown; first pair with two obscure streaks, and a white central spot. Caterpillar grey, streaked with white, and dotted with black, with three white lines and the first segment brown; feeds on plantain. Rare. New Forest.
THE Brown Briout Eye (M. conigera, OcusSENHEIMER) ap- pears the end of July. Wings one inch one-third to five- twelfths, rust brown; first pair with a very white three-cor- nered spot in the middle between two brown streaks. Caterpillay grey, with white and black streaks; the head brown; the first segment black with three white streaks; feeds upon chickweed and grasses. Not scarce. Derbyshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent, Surrey, and Devon.
SEGETIA (SrerueEns).
Tue Square Spor Rustic (Segetia vanthographa, STEPHENS) appears in August. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths; first pair chestnut brown, with a square spot between the stig- mata, and three indistinct brown streaks, and a pale gne towards the hinder margin; second pair whitish, with a yellowish fringe. Caterpillar dull yellow, with a pale line on the side, streaked and dotted with black behind; head brown, with three fe streaks. Plentiful. Near London, Essex, Salop, Kent, and
USSeX.
TuE Neciecten Rustic (S. neglecta, SrerHENS) appears in September. Wings one inch seven-twelfths to three-fourths; first pair obscure ash colour, with streaks of very minute black dots; the posterior stigma with a brown spot. Rare. Kentand Hampshire,
GRAMMESIA (SrrrHens).
THe TriPLe-LINES (G, trilinea, SrePHENS) appears the end of June and beginning of September. Wings one inch one-fourth to five-twelfths, whitish grey ; first pair with three slanting and equidistant dusky streaks, with an indistinct one at the base; second pair dusky, with a grey fringe. Caterpillar ash grey, with a pale stripe on the sides; feeds on the plantain, Not scarce. Hertfordshire, Kent, and Surrey,
Tue DARK TREBLE-LINES (GQ. bilinea, SrerHeNs) appears in July. Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths, greyish brown; first pair with two nearly straight dingy streaks, between which is a very indistinct stigma. Very rare. Essex, Kent, and Surrey.
CARADRINA (OcHSENHEIMER).
Dae Dorrenp Rustic (C. ambigua, OcuSENHEIMER) appears
in June. Wings one inch one-third to five-twelfths ; first pair
CONSPECTUS OF MOTHS. 61
brownish grey, with three indistinct dingy streaks, and a pale one towards the hinder margin; the stigmata with a white border; second pair whitish. Caterpillar rusty red, with a brown head; feeds on dandelion and plantain. Scarce, Kent, and near London.
Lesser Dorrep Rustic (C. Redacta, SrernHENS) appears in June. Wings one inch one-sixth to one-third, grey; first pair with three indistinct dingy streaks and a pale one towards the hinder margin, the stigmata with whitish margins, smaller than the preceding, and its markings more indistinct. Not rare, Derbyshire and Kent.
Tur GARDEN Rustic (C. Alsines, OCHSENHEIMER) appears in June, Wings one inch one-sixth to one-fourth, brownish; first pair with a broad brown indistinct streak towards the hinder margin, and the ordinary stigmata brown and distinct. Cater. pular ash grey, with a reddish line on the sides, and a brown head; feeds on plantain. Rather scarce. Near London, Hamp- shire, and Devonshire.
Tus Wavep Rustic (C. implewa, StePuENS) appears in July. Wings one inch one-twelfth to